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Agho CA, Runno-Paurson E, Tähtjärv T, Kaurilind E, Niinemets Ü. Variation in Leaf Volatile Emissions in Potato ( Solanum tuberosum) Cultivars with Different Late Blight Resistance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112100. [PMID: 37299080 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play key roles in plant abiotic and biotic stress resistance, but even for widespread crops, there is limited information on variations in the magnitude and composition of constitutive VOC emissions among cultivars with varying stress resistance. The foliage VOC emissions from nine local and commercial potato cultivars (Alouette, Sarme, Kuras, Ando, Anti, Jõgeva Kollane, Teele, 1681-11, and Reet) with medium to late maturities and varying Phytophthora infestans (the causative agent of late blight disease) resistance backgrounds were analyzed to gain an insight into the genetic diversity of constitutive VOC emissions and to test the hypothesis that cultivars more resistant to Phytophthora infestans have greater VOC emissions and different VOC fingerprints. Forty-six VOCs were identified in the emission blends of potato leaves. The majority of the VOCs were sesquiterpenes (50% of the total number of compounds and 0.5-36.9% of the total emissions) and monoterpenes (30.4% of the total number of compounds and 57.8-92.5% of the total VOC emissions). Qualitative differences in leaf volatiles, mainly in sesquiterpenes, were related to the potato genotype background. Among the volatile groups, the monoterpenes α-pinene, β-pinene, Δ3-carene, limonene, and p-cymene, the sesquiterpenes (E)-β-caryophyllene and α-copaene, and green leaf volatile hexanal were the major volatiles in all cultivars. A higher share of VOCs known to have antimicrobial activities was observed. Interestingly, the cultivars were grouped into high and low resistance categories based on the VOC profiles, and the total terpenoid and total constitutive VOC emission scale positively with resistance. To support and expedite advances in breeding for resistance to diseases such as late blight disease, the plant research community must develop a fast and precise approach to measure disease resistance. We conclude that the blend of emitted volatiles is a fast, non-invasive, and promising indicator to identify cultivars resistant to potato late blight disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Agho
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - E Runno-Paurson
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - T Tähtjärv
- The Centre of Estonian Rural Research and Knowledge, J. Aamisepa 1, 48309 Jõgeva, Estonia
| | - E Kaurilind
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ü Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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102
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Habán M, Korczyk-Szabó J, Čerteková S, Ražná K. Lavandula Species, Their Bioactive Phytochemicals, and Their Biosynthetic Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108831. [PMID: 37240177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lavandula species are one of the most useful aromatic and medicinal plants and have great economic potential. The phytopharmaceutical contribution of the secondary metabolites of the species is unquestionable. Most recent studies have been focusing on the elucidation of the genetic background of secondary metabolite production in lavender species. Therefore, knowledge of not only genetic but especially epigenetic mechanisms for the regulation of secondary metabolites is necessary for the modification of those biosynthesis processes and the understanding of genotypic differences in the content and compositional variability of these products. The review discusses the genetic diversity of Lavandula species in relation to the geographic area, occurrence, and morphogenetic factors. The role of microRNAs in secondary-metabolites biosynthesis is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Habán
- Institute of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Joanna Korczyk-Szabó
- Institute of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Simona Čerteková
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Ražná
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
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103
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Feng L, Lin Y, Cai Y, Wei W, Yang J, Zhan R, Ma D. Terpenoid VOC profiles and functional characterization of terpene synthases in diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Chrysanthemum indicum L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 200:107766. [PMID: 37220674 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum indicum L. is a valuable medicinal plant with diploid and tetraploid forms that are widely distributed in central and southern China, and it contains abundant volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Despite the discovery of some terpene synthase (TPS) in C. indicum (i.e., CiTPS) in previous studies, many TPSs and their corresponding terpene biosynthesis pathways have yet to be discovered. In the present study, terpenoid VOCs in different tissues from two cytotypes of C. indicum were analyzed. We identified 52 types of terpenoid VOCs and systematically investigated the content and distribution of these compounds in various tissues. The two cytotypes of C. indicum exhibited different volatile terpenoid profiles. The content of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in the two cytotypes showed an opposite trend. In addition, four full-length candidate TPSs (named CiTPS5-8) were cloned from Ci-GD4x, and their homologous TPS genes were screened based on the genome data of Ci-HB2x. These eight TPSs displayed various tissue expression patterns and were discovered to produce 22 terpenoids, 5 of which are monoterpenes and 17 are sesquiterpenes. We further proposed corresponding terpene synthesis pathways, which can enable the establishment of an understanding of the volatile terpenoid profiles of C. indicum with different cytotypes. This knowledge may provide a further understanding of germplasm in C. indicum and may be useful for biotechnology applications of Chrysanthemum plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfang Feng
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanjiao Cai
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wuke Wei
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinfen Yang
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ruoting Zhan
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Dongming Ma
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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104
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Yan X, Li Y, Li W, Liang D, Nie S, Chen R, Qiao J, Wen M, Caiyin Q. Transcriptome Analysis and Identification of Sesquiterpene Synthases in Liverwort Jungermannia exsertifolia. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050569. [PMID: 37237639 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The liverwort Jungermannia exsertifolia is one of the oldest terrestrial plants and rich in structurally specific sesquiterpenes. There are several sesquiterpene synthases (STSs) with non-classical conserved motifs that have been discovered in recent studies on liverworts; these motifs are rich in aspartate and bind with cofactors. However, more detailed sequence information is needed to clarify the biochemical diversity of these atypical STSs. This study mined J. exsertifolia sesquiterpene synthases (JeSTSs) through transcriptome analysis using BGISEQ-500 sequencing technology. A total of 257,133 unigenes was obtained, and the average length was 933 bp. Among them, a total of 36 unigenes participated in the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes. In addition, the in vitro enzymatic characterization and heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed that JeSTS1 and JeSTS2 produced nerolidol as the major product, while JeSTS4 could produce bicyclogermacrene and viridiflorol, suggesting a specificity of J. exsertifolia sesquiterpene profiles. Furthermore, the identified JeSTSs had a phylogenetic relationship with a new branch of plant terpene synthases, the microbial terpene synthase-like (MTPSL) STSs. This work contributes to the understanding of the metabolic mechanism for MTPSL-STSs in J. exsertifolia and could provide an efficient alternative to microbial synthesis of these bioactive sesquiterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing 312300, China
| | - Yukun Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing 312300, China
| | - Dongmei Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing 312300, China
| | - Shengxin Nie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing 312300, China
| | - Mingzhang Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qinggele Caiyin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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105
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Wang W, Wang MY, Zeng Y, Chen X, Wang X, Barrington AM, Tao J, Atkinson RG, Nieuwenhuizen NJ. The terpene synthase (TPS) gene family in kiwifruit shows high functional redundancy and a subset of TPS likely fulfil overlapping functions in fruit flavour, floral bouquet and defence. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2023; 3:9. [PMID: 37789478 PMCID: PMC10514967 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-023-00057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Volatile terpenes are important compounds that influence fruit flavour and aroma of kiwifruit. Terpenes in plants also impact on the floral bouquet and defence against pests and pathogens in leaves and fruit. To better understand the overlapping roles that terpenes may fulfil in plants, a systematic gene, chemical and biochemical analysis of terpenes and terpene synthases (TPS) was undertaken in Red5 kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.). Analysis of the Red5 genome shows it contains only 22 TPS gene models, of which fifteen encode full-length TPS. Thirteen TPS can account for the major terpene volatiles produced in different tissues of Red5 kiwifruit and in response to different stimuli. The small Red5 TPS family displays surprisingly high functional redundancy with five TPS producing linalool/nerolidol. Treatment of leaves and fruit with methyl jasmonate enhanced expression of a subset of defence-related TPS genes and stimulated the release of terpenes. Six TPS genes were induced upon herbivory of leaves by the economically important insect pest Ctenopseustis obliquana (brown-headed leaf roller) and emission, but not accumulation, of (E)- and (Z)-nerolidol was strongly linked to herbivory. Our results provide a framework to understand the overlapping biological and ecological roles of terpenes in Actinidia and other horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 China
| | - Mindy Y. Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yunliu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuyin Chen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Xiaoyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Anne M. Barrington
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jianmin Tao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Ross G. Atkinson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Niels J. Nieuwenhuizen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
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106
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Wen T, Xu X, Ren A, Zhao G, Wu J. Genome-wide identification of terpenoid synthase family genes in Gossypium hirsutum and functional dissection of its subfamily cadinene synthase A in gossypol synthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1162237. [PMID: 37180387 PMCID: PMC10169749 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1162237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant terpenoid synthase (TPS) family genes participate in metabolite synthesis, hormones, gossypol, etc. Here, we genome-widely identified TPS family genes in 12 land plant species. Four hundred and thirty TPS-related genes were divided into seven subfamilies. The TPS-c in Bryophytes was suggested to be the earliest subfamily, followed by the TPS-e/f and TPS-h presence in ferns. TPS-a, the largest number of genes, was derived from monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Collinearity analysis showed that 38 out of the 76 TPS genes in G. hirsutum were collinear within G. arboreum and G. raimondii. Twenty-one GhTPS-a genes belong to the cadinene synthase (GhCDN) subfamily and were divided into five groups, A, B, C, D, and E. The special cis-elements in the promoters of 12 GhCDN-A genes suggested that the JA and ethylene signaling pathways may be involved in their expression regulation. When 12 GhCDN-A genes were simultaneously silenced through virus-induced gene silencing, the glandular color of GhCDN-A-silenced plants was lighter than that of the control, supported by a gossypol content decrease based on HPLC testing, suggesting that GhCDN-A subgroup genes participate in gossypol synthesis. According to RNA-seq analysis, gossypol synthesis-related genes and disease-resistant genes in the glandular variety exhibited upregulated expression compared to the glandless variety, whereas hormone signaling-related genes were downregulated. All in all, these results revealed plant TPS gene evolution rules and dissected the TPS subfamily, GhCDN-A, function in gossypol synthesis in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Wen
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aiping Ren
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiahe Wu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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107
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Han T, Shao Y, Gao R, Gao J, Jiang Y, Yang Y, Wang Y, Yang S, Gao X, Wang L, Li Y. Functional Characterization of a ( E)-β-Ocimene Synthase Gene Contributing to the Defense against Spodoptera litura. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087182. [PMID: 37108345 PMCID: PMC10139113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean is a worldwide crop that offers valuable proteins, fatty acids, and phytonutrients to humans but is always damaged by insect pests or pathogens. Plants have captured sophisticated defense mechanisms in resisting the attack of insects and pathogens. How to protect soybean in an environment- or human-friendly way or how to develop plant-based pest control is a hotpot. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles that are released by multiple plant species have been assessed in multi-systems against various insects, of which (E)-β-ocimene has been reported to show anti-insect function in a variety of plants, including soybean. However, the responsible gene in soybean is unknown, and its mechanism of synthesis and anti-insect properties lacks comprehensive assessment. In this study, (E)-β-ocimene was confirmed to be induced by Spodoptera litura treatment. A plastidic localized monoterpene synthase gene, designated as GmOCS, was identified to be responsible for the biosynthesis of (E)-β-ocimene through genome-wide gene family screening and in vitro and in vivo assays. Results from transgenic soybean and tobacco confirmed that (E)-β-ocimene catalyzed by GmOCS had pivotal roles in repelling a S. litura attack. This study advances the understanding of (E)-β-ocimene synthesis and its function in crops, as well as provides a good candidate for further anti-insect soybean improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ruifang Gao
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jinshan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Siqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yueqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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108
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Song A, Su J, Wang H, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Van de Peer Y, Chen F, Fang W, Guan Z, Zhang F, Wang Z, Wang L, Ding B, Zhao S, Ding L, Liu Y, Zhou L, He J, Jia D, Zhang J, Chen C, Yu Z, Sun D, Jiang J, Chen S, Chen F. Analyses of a chromosome-scale genome assembly reveal the origin and evolution of cultivated chrysanthemum. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2021. [PMID: 37037808 PMCID: PMC10085997 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37730-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) is a globally important ornamental plant with great economic, cultural, and symbolic value. However, research on chrysanthemum is challenging due to its complex genetic background. Here, we report a near-complete assembly and annotation for C. morifolium comprising 27 pseudochromosomes (8.15 Gb; scaffold N50 of 303.69 Mb). Comparative and evolutionary analyses reveal a whole-genome triplication (WGT) event shared by Chrysanthemum species approximately 6 million years ago (Mya) and the possible lineage-specific polyploidization of C. morifolium approximately 3 Mya. Multilevel evidence suggests that C. morifolium is likely a segmental allopolyploid. Furthermore, a combination of genomics and transcriptomics approaches demonstrate the C. morifolium genome can be used to identify genes underlying key ornamental traits. Phylogenetic analysis of CmCCD4a traces the flower colour breeding history of cultivated chrysanthemum. Genomic resources generated from this study could help to accelerate chrysanthemum genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jiangshuo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Zhongren Zhang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518120, China
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Fei Chen
- College of tropical crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University & Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, 572025, China
| | - Weimin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Zhiyong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Likai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Baoqing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Lian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Lijie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Diwen Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Chuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Zhongyu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Daojin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Sumei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Fadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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109
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Wei J, Yang Y, Peng Y, Wang S, Zhang J, Liu X, Liu J, Wen B, Li M. Biosynthesis and the Transcriptional Regulation of Terpenoids in Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086937. [PMID: 37108101 PMCID: PMC10138656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenes, especially volatile terpenes, are important components of tea aroma due to their unique scents. They are also widely used in the cosmetic and medical industries. In addition, terpene emission can be induced by herbivory, wounding, light, low temperature, and other stress conditions, leading to plant defense responses and plant-plant interactions. The transcriptional levels of important core genes (including HMGR, DXS, and TPS) involved in terpenoid biosynthesis are up- or downregulated by the MYB, MYC, NAC, ERF, WRKY, and bHLH transcription factors. These regulators can bind to corresponding cis-elements in the promoter regions of the corresponding genes, and some of them interact with other transcription factors to form a complex. Recently, several key terpene synthesis genes and important transcription factors involved in terpene biosynthesis have been isolated and functionally identified from tea plants. In this work, we focus on the research progress on the transcriptional regulation of terpenes in tea plants (Camellia sinensis) and thoroughly detail the biosynthesis of terpene compounds, the terpene biosynthesis-related genes, the transcription factors involved in terpene biosynthesis, and their importance. Furthermore, we review the potential strategies used in studying the specific transcriptional regulation functions of candidate transcription factors that have been discriminated to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchi Wei
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yun Yang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ye Peng
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shaoying Wang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Beibei Wen
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Meifeng Li
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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110
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Jiang H, Wang X. Biosynthesis of monoterpenoid and sesquiterpenoid as natural flavors and fragrances. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108151. [PMID: 37037288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids are a large class of plant-derived compounds, that constitute the main components of essential oils and are widely used as natural flavors and fragrances. The biosynthesis approach presents a promising alternative route in terpenoid production compared to plant extraction or chemical synthesis. In the past decade, the production of terpenoids using biotechnology has attracted broad attention from both academia and the industry. With the growing market of flavor and fragrance, the production of terpenoids directed by synthetic biology shows great potential in promoting future market prospects. Here, we reviewed the latest advances in terpenoid biosynthesis. The engineering strategies for biosynthetic terpenoids were systematically summarized from the enzyme, metabolic, and cellular dimensions. Additionally, we analyzed the key challenges from laboratory production to scalable production, such as key enzyme improvement, terpenoid toxicity, and volatility loss. To provide comprehensive technical guidance, we collected milestone examples of biosynthetic mono- and sesquiterpenoids, compared the current application status of chemical synthesis and biosynthesis in terpenoid production, and discussed the cost drivers based on the data of techno-economic assessment. It is expected to provide critical insights into developing translational research of terpenoid biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, PR China
| | - Xi Wang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, PR China; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, PR China.
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111
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Zhao Y, Wang M, Chen Y, Gao M, Wu L, Wang Y. LcERF134 increases the production of monoterpenes by activating the terpene biosynthesis pathway in Litsea cubeba. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123378. [PMID: 36716839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Litsea cubeba, an aromatic species of the Lauraceae family, produces a diverse array of monoterpenes. The biosynthesis of monoterpenes is regulated by transcriptional factors (TFs), such as APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF). However, the regulatory mechanisms that control the AP2/ERF gene responsible for the biosynthesis of monoterpenes in L. cubeba have yet to be elucidated. Here, we identified an AP2/ERF gene, LcERF134, as an activator for the accumulation of citral and other monoterpenes. The expression level of LcERF134 was consistent with terpene synthase LcTPS42 in the pericarp. The transient overexpression of LcERF134 significantly increased monoterpene production in L. cubeba as well as the expression of rate-limiting genes involved in the monoterpene biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that LcERF134 activated the monoterpene biosynthesis pathway by directly binding to the GCC-box elements of the LcTPS42 and LcGPPS.SSU1 promoters. However, the overexpression of LcERF134 in tomatoes had no impact on the synthesis of monoterpenes, thus indicating that LcERF134 is a species-specific TF. Our research demonstrated that LcERF134 significantly increased the biosynthesis of monoterpenes by inducing the expression of LcTPS42 and LcGPPS.SSU1, thus offering insight into how to enhance the flavor of L. cubeba essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yangdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China.
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112
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Pichersky E. Biochemistry and genetics of floral scent: a historical perspective. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36995899 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Floral scent plays a crucial role in the reproductive process of many plants. Humans have been fascinated by floral scents throughout history, and have transported and traded floral scent products for which they have found multiple uses, such as in food additives, hygiene and perfume products, and medicines. Yet the scientific study of how plants synthesize floral scent compounds began later than studies on most other major plant metabolites, and the first report of the characterization of an enzyme responsible for the synthesis of a floral scent compound, namely linalool in Clarkia breweri, a California annual, appeared in 1994. In the almost 30 years since, enzymes and genes involved in the synthesis of hundreds of scent compounds from multiple plant species have been described. This review recapitulates this history and describes the major findings relating to the various aspects of floral scent biosynthesis and emission, including genes and enzymes and their evolution, storage and emission of scent volatiles, and the regulation of the biochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Pichersky
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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113
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Du Z, Peng Z, Yang H, Wu H, Sun J, Huang L. Identification and functional characterization of three cytochrome P450 genes for the abietane diterpenoid biosynthesis in Isodon lophanthoides. PLANTA 2023; 257:90. [PMID: 36991182 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We identify two ferruginol synthases and a 11-hydroxyferruginol synthase from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb Isodon lophanthoides and propose their involvement in two independent abietane diterpenoids biosynthetic pathways. Isodon lophanthoides is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb rich in highly oxidized abietane-type diterpenoids. These compounds exhibit a wide range of pharmaceutical activities, yet the biosynthesis is barely known. Here, we describe the screening and functional characterization of P450s that oxidize the abietane skeleton abietatriene. We mainly focused on CYP76 family and identified 12 CYP76AHs by mining the RNA-seq data of I. lophanthoides. Among the 12 CYP76AHs, 6 exhibited similar transcriptional expression features as upstream diterpene synthases, including root or leaf-preferential expression pattern and highly MeJA inducibility. These six P450s were considered as first-tier candidates and functionally characterized in yeast and plant cells. In yeast assays showed that both CYP76AH42 and CYP76AH43 were ferruginol synthases hydroxylating the C12 position of abietatriene, whereas CYP76AH46 was characterized as a 11-hydroxyferruginol synthase which catalyzes two successive oxidations at C12 and C11 of abietatriene. Heterologous expression of three CYP76AHs in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in the formation of ferruginol. qPCR analysis showed CYP76AH42 and CYP76AH43 were mainly expressed in the root, which was consistent with the distribution of ferruginol in the root periderms. CYP76AH46 was primarily expressed in the leaves where barely ferruginol or 11-hydroxyferruginol was detected. In addition to distinct organ-specific expression pattern, three CYP76AHs exhibited different genomic structures (w or w/o introns), low protein sequence identities (51-63%) and were placed in separate subclades in the phylogenetic tree. These results suggest that the identified CYP76AHs may be involved in at least two independent abietane biosynthetic pathways in the aerial and underground parts of I. lophanthoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuying Du
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ziqiu Peng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haisheng Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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114
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Chen S, Li X, Liu Y, Chen J, Ma J, Chen L. Identification of QTL controlling volatile terpene contents in tea plant ( Camellia sinensis) using a high-aroma 'Huangdan' x 'Jinxuan' F 1 population. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1130582. [PMID: 37063218 PMCID: PMC10090551 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1130582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Aroma is an important factor affecting the character and quality of tea. The improvement of aroma trait is a crucial research direction of tea plant breeding. Volatile terpenes, as the major contributors to the floral odors of tea products, also play critical roles in the defense responses of plants to multiple stresses. However, previous studies have largely focused on the aroma formation during the manufacture of tea or the comparison of raw tea samples. The mechanisms causing different aroma profiles between tea cultivars have remained underexplored. In the current study, a high-density genetic linkage map of tea plant was constructed based on an F1 population of 'Huangdan' × 'Jinxuan' using genotyping by sequencing. This linkage map covered 1754.57 cM and contained 15 linkage groups with a low inter-marker distance of 0.47 cM. A total of 42 QTLs associated with eight monoterpene contents and 12 QTLs associated with four sesquiterpenes contents were identified with the average PVE of 12.6% and 11.7% respectively. Furthermore, six candidate genes related to volatile terpene contents were found in QTL cluster on chromosome 5 by RNA-seq analysis. This work will enrich our understanding of the molecular mechanism of volatile terpene biosynthesis and provide a theoretical basis for tea plant breeding programs for aroma quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Liang Chen
- *Correspondence: Jianqiang Ma, ; Liang Chen,
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115
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Cao Z, Ma Q, Weng Y, Shi J, Chen J, Hao Z. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of TPS Gene Family in Liriodendron chinense. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030770. [PMID: 36981040 PMCID: PMC10048281 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids play a key role in plant growth and development, supporting resistance regulation and terpene synthase (TPS), which is the last link in the synthesis process of terpenoids. Liriodendron chinense, commonly called the Chinese tulip tree, is a rare and endangered tree species of the family Magnoliaceae. However, the genome-wide identification of the TPS gene family and its transcriptional responses to development and abiotic stress are still unclear. In the present study, we identified a total of 58 TPS genes throughout the L. chinense genome. A phylogenetic tree analysis showed that they were clustered into five subfamilies and unevenly distributed across six chromosomes. A cis-acting element analysis indicated that LcTPSs were assumed to be highly responsive to stress hormones, such as methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Consistent with this, transcriptome data showed that most LcTPS genes responded to abiotic stress, such as cold, drought, and hot stress, at the transcriptional level. Further analysis showed that LcTPS genes were expressed in a tissue-dependent manner, especially in buds, leaves, and bark. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis confirmed that LcTPS expression was significantly higher in mature leaves compared to young leaves. These results provide a reference for understanding the function and role of the TPS family, laying a foundation for further study of the regulation of TPS in terpenoid biosynthesis in L. chinense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Cao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qianxi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuhao Weng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jisen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhaodong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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116
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Xu J, Liao W, Liu Y, Guo Y, Jiang S, Zhao C. An overview on the nutritional and bioactive components of green seaweeds. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2023. [PMCID: PMC10026244 DOI: 10.1186/s43014-023-00132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
AbstractGreen seaweed, as the most abundant species of macroseaweeds, is an important marine biological resource. It is a rich source of several amino acids, fatty acids, and dietary fibers, as well as polysaccharides, polyphenols, pigments, and other active substances, which have crucial roles in various biological processes such as antioxidant activity, immunoregulation, and anti-inflammatory response. In recent years, attention to marine resources has accelerated the exploration and utilization of green seaweeds for greater economic value. This paper elaborates on the main nutrients and active substances present in different green seaweeds and provides a review of their biological activities and their applications for high-value utilization.
Graphical abstract
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117
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Bosman RN, Vervalle JAM, November DL, Burger P, Lashbrooke JG. Grapevine genome analysis demonstrates the role of gene copy number variation in the formation of monoterpenes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1112214. [PMID: 37008487 PMCID: PMC10061021 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1112214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds such as terpenes influence the quality parameters of grapevine through their contribution to the flavour and aroma profile of berries. Biosynthesis of volatile organic compounds in grapevine is relatively complex and controlled by multiple genes, the majority of which are unknown or uncharacterised. To identify the genomic regions that associate with modulation of these compounds in grapevine berries, volatile metabolic data generated via GC-MS from a grapevine mapping population was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Several significant QTLs were associated with terpenes, and candidate genes were proposed for sesquiterpene and monoterpene biosynthesis. For monoterpenes, loci on chromosomes 12 and 13 were shown to be associated with geraniol and cyclic monoterpene accumulation, respectively. The locus on chromosome 12 was shown to contain a geraniol synthase gene (VvGer), while the locus on chromosome 13 contained an α-terpineol synthase gene (VvTer). Molecular and genomic investigation of VvGer and VvTer revealed that these genes were found in tandemly duplicated clusters, displaying high levels of hemizygosity. Gene copy number analysis further showed that not only did VvTer and VvGer copy numbers vary within the mapping population, but also across recently sequenced Vitis cultivars. Significantly, VvTer copy number correlated with both VvTer gene expression and cyclic monoterpene accumulation in the mapping population. A hypothesis for a hyper-functional VvTer allele linked to increased gene copy number in the mapping population is presented and can potentially lead to selection of cultivars with modulated terpene profiles. The study highlights the impact of VvTPS gene duplication and copy number variation on terpene accumulation in grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Nicole Bosman
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Danielle Lisa November
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Phyllis Burger
- Department for Crop Development, Agricultural Research Council - Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Justin Graham Lashbrooke
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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118
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Genome-wide identification, expression profile and evolutionary relationships of TPS genes in the neotropical fruit tree species Psidium cattleyanum. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3930. [PMID: 36894661 PMCID: PMC9998390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are essential for plant growth, development, defense, and adaptation mechanisms. Psidium cattleyanum (Myrtaceae) is a fleshy fruit tree species endemics from Atlantic Forest, known for its pleasant fragrance and sweet taste, attributed to terpenoids in its leaves and fruits. In this study, we conducted genome-wide identification, evolutionary and expression analyses of the terpene synthase gene (TPS) family in P. cattleyanum red guava (var. cattleyanum), and yellow guava (var. lucidum Hort.) morphotypes. We identified 32 full-length TPS in red guava (RedTPS) and 30 in yellow guava (YlwTPS). We showed different expression patterns of TPS paralogous in the two morphotypes, suggesting the existence of distinct gene regulation mechanisms and their influence on the final essential oil content in both morphotypes. Moreover, the oil profile of red guava was dominated by 1,8-cineole and linalool and yellow guava was enriched in α-pinene, coincident in proportion to TPS-b1 genes, which encode enzymes that produce cyclic monoterpenes, suggesting a lineage-specific subfamily expansion of this family. Finally, we identified amino acid residues near the catalytic center and functional areas under positive selection. Our findings provide valuable insights into the terpene biosynthesis in a Neotropical Myrtaceae species and their potential involvement in adaptation mechanisms.
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Sajeevan RS, Abdelmeguid I, Saripella GV, Lenman M, Alexandersson E. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of different potato cultivars provides insight into early blight disease caused by Alternaria solani. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:130. [PMID: 36882678 PMCID: PMC9993742 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Alternaria solani, is an economically important disease affecting the tuber yield worldwide. The disease is mainly controlled by chemical plant protection agents. However, over-using these chemicals can lead to the evolution of resistant A. solani strains and is environmentally hazardous. Identifying genetic disease resistance factors is crucial for the sustainable management of early blight but little effort has been diverted in this direction. Therefore, we carried out transcriptome sequencing of the A. solani interaction with different potato cultivars with varying levels of early blight resistance to identify key host genes and pathways in a cultivar-specific manner. RESULTS In this study, we have captured transcriptomes from three different potato cultivars with varying susceptibility to A. solani, namely Magnum Bonum, Désirée, and Kuras, at 18 and 36 h post-infection. We identified many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between these cultivars, and the number of DEGs increased with susceptibility and infection time. There were 649 transcripts commonly expressed between the potato cultivars and time points, of which 627 and 22 were up- and down-regulated, respectively. Interestingly, overall the up-regulated DEGs were twice in number as compared to down-regulated ones in all the potato cultivars and time points, except Kuras at 36 h post-inoculation. In general, transcription factor families WRKY, ERF, bHLH, MYB, and C2H2 were highly enriched DEGs, of which a significant number were up-regulated. The majority of the key transcripts involved in the jasmonic acid and ethylene biosynthesis pathways were highly up-regulated. Many transcripts involved in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway, isoprenyl-PP, and terpene biosynthesis were also up-regulated across the potato cultivars and time points. Compared to Magnum Bonum and Désirée, multiple components of the photosynthesis machinery, starch biosynthesis and degradation pathway were down-regulated in the most susceptible potato cultivar, Kuras. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptome sequencing identified many differentially expressed genes and pathways, thereby contributing to the improved understanding of the interaction between the potato host and A. solani. The transcription factors identified are attractive targets for genetic modification to improve potato resistance against early blight. The results provide important insights into the molecular events at the early stages of disease development, help to shorten the knowledge gap, and support potato breeding programs for improved early blight disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Sivarajan Sajeevan
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23422, Lomma, Sweden.
| | - Ingi Abdelmeguid
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23422, Lomma, Sweden
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, EG-11795, Egypt
| | - Ganapathi Varma Saripella
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23422, Lomma, Sweden
- CropTailor AB, Department of Chemistry, Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marit Lenman
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23422, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Erik Alexandersson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23422, Lomma, Sweden.
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Li H, Wu S, Lin R, Xiao Y, Malaco Morotti AL, Wang Y, Galilee M, Qin H, Huang T, Zhao Y, Zhou X, Yang J, Zhao Q, Kanellis AK, Martin C, Tatsis EC. The genomes of medicinal skullcaps reveal the polyphyletic origins of clerodane diterpene biosynthesis in the family Lamiaceae. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:549-570. [PMID: 36639870 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence of anticancer clerodane diterpenoids is a chemotaxonomic marker for the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Scutellaria barbata, although the molecular mechanisms behind clerodane biosynthesis are unknown. Here, we report a high-quality assembly of the 414.98 Mb genome of S. barbata into 13 pseudochromosomes. Using phylogenomic and biochemical data, we mapped the plastidial metabolism of kaurene (gibberellins), abietane, and clerodane diterpenes in three species of the family Lamiaceae (Scutellaria barbata, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Salvia splendens), facilitating the identification of genes involved in the biosynthesis of the clerodanes, kolavenol, and isokolavenol. We show that clerodane biosynthesis evolved through recruitment and neofunctionalization of genes from gibberellin and abietane metabolism. Despite the assumed monophyletic origin of clerodane biosynthesis, which is widespread in species of the Lamiaceae, our data show distinct evolutionary lineages and suggest polyphyletic origins of clerodane biosynthesis in the family Lamiaceae. Our study not only provides significant insights into the evolution of clerodane biosynthetic pathways in the mint family, Lamiaceae, but also will facilitate the production of anticancer clerodanes through future metabolic engineering efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Song Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruoxi Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiren Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ana Luisa Malaco Morotti
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ya Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meytal Galilee
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haowen Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Angelos K Kanellis
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Lab. of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Evangelos C Tatsis
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; CEPAMS - CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Saldivar EV, Ding Y, Poretsky E, Bird S, Block AK, Huffaker A, Schmelz EA. Maize Terpene Synthase 8 (ZmTPS8) Contributes to a Complex Blend of Fungal-Elicited Antibiotics. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1111. [PMID: 36903970 PMCID: PMC10005556 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In maize (Zea mays), fungal-elicited immune responses include the accumulation of terpene synthase (TPS) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP) enzymes resulting in complex antibiotic arrays of sesquiterpenoids and diterpenoids, including α/β-selinene derivatives, zealexins, kauralexins and dolabralexins. To uncover additional antibiotic families, we conducted metabolic profiling of elicited stem tissues in mapping populations, which included B73 × M162W recombinant inbred lines and the Goodman diversity panel. Five candidate sesquiterpenoids associated with a chromosome 1 locus spanning the location of ZmTPS27 and ZmTPS8. Heterologous enzyme co-expression studies of ZmTPS27 in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in geraniol production while ZmTPS8 yielded α-copaene, δ-cadinene and sesquiterpene alcohols consistent with epi-cubebol, cubebol, copan-3-ol and copaborneol matching the association mapping efforts. ZmTPS8 is an established multiproduct α-copaene synthase; however, ZmTPS8-derived sesquiterpene alcohols are rarely encountered in maize tissues. A genome wide association study further linked an unknown sesquiterpene acid to ZmTPS8 and combined ZmTPS8-ZmCYP71Z19 heterologous enzyme co-expression studies yielded the same product. To consider defensive roles for ZmTPS8, in vitro bioassays with cubebol demonstrated significant antifungal activity against both Fusarium graminearum and Aspergillus parasiticus. As a genetically variable biochemical trait, ZmTPS8 contributes to the cocktail of terpenoid antibiotics present following complex interactions between wounding and fungal elicitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan V. Saldivar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yezhang Ding
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Elly Poretsky
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Skylar Bird
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anna K. Block
- Chemistry Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Alisa Huffaker
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eric A. Schmelz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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122
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Yang Z, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zhang X, Liu G, Zhao Q, Bao Z, Ma F. Volatile secondary metabolome and transcriptome analysis reveals distinct regulation mechanism of aroma biosynthesis in Syringa oblata and S. vulgaris. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:965-973. [PMID: 36889235 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lilacs have high ornamental value due to their strong aroma. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of aroma biosynthesis and metabolism in lilac were largely unclear. In this study, two varieties with distinct aroma, Syringa oblata 'Zi Kui' (faint aroma) and Syringa vulgaris 'Li Fei' (strong aroma), were used for exploring the regulation mechanism of aroma difference. Via GC-MS analysis, a total of 43 volatile components were identified. Terpene volatiles was the most abundant volatiles constituting the aroma of two varieties. Notably, 3 volatile secondary metabolites were unique in 'Zi Kui' and 30 volatile secondary metabolites were unique in 'Li Fei'. Then, a transcriptome analysis was performed to clarify the regulation mechanism of aroma metabolism difference between these two varieties, and identified 6411 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Interestingly, ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis genes were significantly enriched in DEGs. We further conducted a correlation analysis between the volatile metabolome and transcriptome and found that TPS, GGPPS, and HMGS genes might be the key contributors to the differences in floral fragrance composition between the two lilac varieties. Our study improves the understanding in the regulation mechanism of Lilac aroma and would help improve the aroma of ornamental crops by metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Yang
- Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261071, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261071, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261071, Shandong, China
| | - Genzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Qingzhu Zhao
- Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261071, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhilong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Fangfang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Tran HTD, Nguyen HTT, Huynh TB, Nguyen HN, Nguyen LT, Tran NU, Pham BTM, Nguyen DH, Tran T, Nguyen TTH. Functional characterization of a bark-specific monoterpene synthase potentially involved in wounding- and methyl jasmonate-induced linalool emission in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 282:153942. [PMID: 36805520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.153942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) is a latex-producing plant that often encounters mechanical wounding, as well as pathogen and pest attacks through wound sites during and after tapping. Terpenoids play an important role in the ecological interactions of many plant species, and their diversity is mainly generated by enzymes known as terpene synthases (TPS). In this study, one cDNA sequence encoding a putative terpene synthase, HbTPS20, was obtained from the bark tissues of H. brasiliensis. The encoded protein contains 610 amino acids with a putative N-terminal plastid transit peptide of approximately 70 residues. It belongs to the TPS-b subfamily. Further phylogenetic analysis showed that HbTPS20 formed a separate branch that diverged from the progenitor of all other potentially functional terpene synthases of the rubber TPS-b subfamily. The truncated HbTPS20 without the signal peptide coding sequence was successfully expressed in E. coli and in vitro enzymatic assays with geranyl diphosphate (GPP) or neryl diphosphate (NPP) as a substrate defined HbTPS20 as an active linalool synthase (HbLIS) with the ability to produce linalool as the principal product. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the highest transcript levels of HbTPS20 were found in barks, and this gene was expressed at 2.26- and 250-fold greater levels in the bark tissues of wounded and MeJA-treated plants, respectively, than in those of the control plants. This indicates that this gene may be involved in the induced stress responses of rubber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Thi Diem Tran
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hong Thi Thuy Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tram Bich Huynh
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hang Nguyet Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Long Thanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nhi Uyen Tran
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Binh Thi My Pham
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Du Huy Nguyen
- Central Laboratory of Analysis, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Tran
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Rubber Research Institute of Vietnam, Binh Duong, 820000, Vietnam
| | - Thuong Thi Hong Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
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Medina C, Mutis A, Bardehle L, Hormazabal E, Borie F, Aguilera P, Ortega F, Quiroz A. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance monoterpene production in red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.): a potential tool for pest control. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:981-984. [PMID: 35762366 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2094375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of modifying terpene production in plants is a defensive strategy that has been studied in conjunction with their biosynthetic pathways. A biotic factor such as Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) could modify terpene production in Trifolium pratense L. In this work, the enzymatic production of monoterpenes in Superqueli INIA cultivar with two AMF was evaluated via HeadSpace-Gas Chromatography (HS-GC). A significant increase of (S)-limonene was found in plants inoculated with Claroideoglomus claroideum as well as with the AMF mix (genera Scutellospora, Acaulospora and Glomus). Moreover, significant increases in other monoterpenes such as (-)-β-pinene, myrcene, linalool, were observed. Results showed higher monoterpene production capacities in the Superqueli-INIA cultivar, suggesting the participation of monoterpene synthases (MTS). The significant rise of (S)-limonene in red clover plants inoculated with AMF suggests this strategy could be implemented in an agronomical manage for controlling the H. obscurus, the primary pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Medina
- Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ana Mutis
- Centro de Excelencia de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Leonardo Bardehle
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Emilio Hormazabal
- Centro de Excelencia de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Fernando Borie
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental (CIMYSA), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Paula Aguilera
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental (CIMYSA), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Fernando Ortega
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro de Investigación Carillanca, Temuco, Chile
| | - Andrés Quiroz
- Centro de Excelencia de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Wang Z, Nelson DR, Zhang J, Wan X, Peters RJ. Plant (di)terpenoid evolution: from pigments to hormones and beyond. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:452-469. [PMID: 36472136 PMCID: PMC9945934 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00054g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2014-2022.Diterpenoid biosynthesis in plants builds on the necessary production of (E,E,E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) for photosynthetic pigment production, with diterpenoid biosynthesis arising very early in land plant evolution, enabling stockpiling of the extensive arsenal of (di)terpenoid natural products currently observed in this kingdom. This review will build upon that previously published in the Annual Review of Plant Biology, with a stronger focus on enzyme structure-function relationships, as well as additional insights into the evolution of (di)terpenoid metabolism since generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.,Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA.
| | - David R Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Innovation School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Innovation School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Reuben J Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA.
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Zhou L, Hou F, Wang L, Zhang L, Wang Y, Yin Y, Pei J, Peng C, Qin X, Gao J. The genome of Magnolia hypoleuca provides a new insight into cold tolerance and the evolutionary position of magnoliids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1108701. [PMID: 36844093 PMCID: PMC9950645 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1108701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnolia hypoleuca Sieb. & Zucc, a member of the Magnoliaceae of magnoliids, is one of the most economically valuable, phylogenetic and ornamental tree species in Eastern China. Here, the 1.64 Gb chromosome-level assembly covers 96.64% of the genome which is anchored to 19 chromosomes, with a contig N50 value of 1.71 Mb and 33,873 protein-coding genes was predicted. Phylogenetic analyses between M. hypoleuca and other 10 representative angiosperms suggested that magnoliids were placed as a sister group to the eudicots, rather than sister to monocots or both monocots and eudicots. In addition, the relative timing of the whole-genome duplication (WGD) events about 115.32 Mya for magnoliid plants. M. hypoleuca was found to have a common ancestor with M. officinalis approximately 23.4 MYA, and the climate change of OMT (Oligocene-Miocene transition) is the main reason for the divergence of M. hypoleuca and M. officinalis, which was along with the division of Japanese islands. Moreover, the TPS gene expansion observed in M. hypoleuca might contribute to the enhancement of flower fragrance. Tandem and proximal duplicates of younger age that have been preserved have experienced more rapid sequence divergence and a more clustered distribution on chromosomes contributing to fragrance accumulation, especially phenylpropanoid, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and cold tolerance. The stronger selective pressure drived the evolution of tandem and proximal duplicates toward plant self-defense and adaptation. The reference M. hypoleuca genome will provide insights into the evolutionary process of M. hypoleuca and the relationships between the magnoliids with monocots and eudicots, and enable us to delve into the fragrance and cold tolerance produced by M. hypoleuca and provide more robust and deep insight of how the Magnoliales evolved and diversified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luojing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Feixia Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yalan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanpeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Qin
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu, China
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jihai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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127
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Cui A, Jin Y, Li Y, Nie T, Sun L. Systematic identification of TPS genes in Gossypium and their characteristics in response to flooding stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1126884. [PMID: 36844072 PMCID: PMC9945120 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1126884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Terpene synthases (TPS) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of plant terpenoids. Studies on TPSs have not been reported in Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium arboreum. 260 TPSs were identified in Gossypium, including 71 in Gossypium hirsutum, 75 in Gossypium. barbadense, 60 in Gossypium. arboreum, and 54 in Gossypium raimondii. We systematically analyzed the TPS gene family of Gossypium from three aspects: gene structure, evolutionary process and gene function. (1) Gene structure: Based on the protein structure of two conserved domains (PF01397 and PF03936), the TPS gene family is divided into five clades: TPS -a, -b, -c, -e/f and -g. (2) Evolution: Whole genome duplication and segmental duplication are the main modes of TPS gene amplification. (3) Function: The abundance of cis-acting elements may reveal the functional diversity of TPSs in cotton. TPS gene has tissue specific expression in cotton. The hypomethylation of the exon of TPSs may help to enhance the adaptability of cotton to flooding stress. In conclusion, this study can broaden the understanding of structure-evolution-function of the TPS gene family, and provide reference for the mining and verification of new genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Cui
- Scientific Research Office, Economic Crop Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunqian Jin
- College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yongqi Li
- Scientific Research Office, Economic Crop Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Taili Nie
- Scientific Research Office, Economic Crop Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liangqing Sun
- Scientific Research Office, Economic Crop Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
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128
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Bosman RN, Lashbrooke JG. Grapevine mono- and sesquiterpenes: Genetics, metabolism, and ecophysiology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1111392. [PMID: 36818850 PMCID: PMC9936147 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1111392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mono- and sesquiterpenes are volatile organic compounds which play crucial roles in human perception of table grape and wine flavour and aroma, and as such their biosynthesis has received significant attention. Here, the biosynthesis of mono- and sesquiterpenes in grapevine is reviewed, with a specific focus on the metabolic pathways which lead to formation of these compounds, and the characterised genetic variation underlying modulation of this metabolism. The bottlenecks for terpene precursor formation in the cytosol and plastid are understood to be the HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) and 1-deoxy-D-xylylose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) enzymes, respectively, and lead to the formation of prenyldiphosphate precursors. The functional plasticity of the terpene synthase enzymes which act on the prenyldiphosphate precursors allows for the massive variation in observed terpene product accumulation. This diversity is further enhanced in grapevine by significant duplication of genes coding for structurally diverse terpene synthases. Relatively minor nucleotide variations are sufficient to influence both product and substrate specificity of terpene synthase genes, with these variations impacting cultivar-specific aroma profiles. While the importance of these compounds in terms of grape quality is well documented, they also play several interesting roles in the grapevine's ecophysiological interaction with its environment. Mono- and sesquiterpenes are involved in attraction of pollinators, agents of seed dispersal and herbivores, defence against fungal infection, promotion of mutualistic rhizobacteria interaction, and are elevated in conditions of high light radiation. The ever-increasing grapevine genome sequence data will potentially allow for future breeders and biotechnologists to tailor the aroma profiles of novel grapevine cultivars through exploitation of the significant genetic variation observed in terpene synthase genes.
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Han D, Li W, Hou Z, Lin C, Xie Y, Zhou X, Gao Y, Huang J, Lai J, Wang L, Zhang L, Yang C. The chromosome-scale assembly of the Salvia rosmarinus genome provides insight into carnosic acid biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:819-832. [PMID: 36579923 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) is considered a sacred plant because of its special fragrance and is commonly used in cooking and traditional medicine. Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-level assembly of the S. rosmarinus genome of 1.11 Gb in size; the genome has a scaffold N50 value of 95.5 Mb and contains 40 701 protein-coding genes. In contrast to other diploid Labiataceae, an independent whole-genome duplication event occurred in S. rosmarinus at approximately 15 million years ago. Transcriptomic comparison of two S. rosmarinus cultivars with contrasting carnosic acid (CA) content revealed 842 genes significantly positively associated with CA biosynthesis in S. rosmarinus. Many of these genes have been reported to be involved in CA biosynthesis previously, such as genes involved in the mevalonate/methylerythritol phosphate pathways and CYP71-coding genes. Based on the genomes and these genes, we propose a model of CA biosynthesis in S. rosmarinus. Further, comparative genome analysis of the congeneric species revealed the species-specific evolution of CA biosynthesis genes. The genes encoding diterpene synthase and the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) family of CA synthesis-associated genes form a biosynthetic gene cluster (CPSs-KSLs-CYP76AHs) responsible for the synthesis of leaf and root diterpenoids, which are located on S. rosmarinus chromosomes 1 and 2, respectively. Such clustering is also observed in other sage (Salvia) plants, thus suggesting that genes involved in diterpenoid synthesis are conserved in the Labiataceae family. These findings provide new insights into the synthesis of aromatic terpenoids and their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlu Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuangwei Hou
- Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture/Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chufang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhou
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junwen Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture/Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
- SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co., Ltd., Qingyuan, 511517, China
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130
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Ritz M, Ahmad N, Brueck T, Mehlmer N. Comparative Genome-Wide Analysis of Two Caryopteris x Clandonensis Cultivars: Insights on the Biosynthesis of Volatile Terpenoids. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12030632. [PMID: 36771729 PMCID: PMC9921992 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Caryopteris x Clandonensis, also known as bluebeard, is an ornamental plant containing a large variety of terpenes and terpene-like compounds. Four different cultivars were subjected to a principal component analysis to elucidate variations in terpenoid-biosynthesis and consequently, two representative cultivars were sequenced on a genomic level. Functional annotation of genes as well as comparative genome analysis on long read datasets enabled the identification of cultivar-specific terpene synthase and cytochrome p450 enzyme sequences. This enables new insights, especially since terpenoids in research and industry are gaining increasing interest due to their importance in areas such as food preservation, fragrances, or as active ingredients in pharmaceutical formulations. According to BUSCO assessments, the presented genomes have an average size of 355 Mb and about 96.8% completeness. An average of 52,090 genes could be annotated as putative proteins, whereas about 42 were associated with terpene synthases and about 1340 with cytochrome p450 enzymes.
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131
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Li S, Zhang L, Sun M, Lv M, Yang Y, Xu W, Wang L. Biogenesis of flavor-related linalool is diverged and genetically conserved in tree peony ( Paeonia × suffruticosa). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhac253. [PMID: 36751271 PMCID: PMC9896599 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Floral scent is an important and genetically complex trait in horticultural plants. Tree peony (Paeonia × suffruticosa) originates in the Pan-Himalaya and has nine wild species divided into two subsections, Delavayanae and Vaginatae. Their flowers are beloved worldwide for their sweet floral fragrance, yet the flavor-related volatiles and underlying biosynthetic pathways remain unknown. Here, we characterized the volatile blends of all wild tree peony species and found that the flavor-related volatiles were highly divergent, but linalool was a unique monoterpene in subsect. Delavayanae. Further detection of volatiles in 97 cultivars with various genetic backgrounds showed that linalool was also the characteristic aroma component in Paeonia delavayi hybrid progenies, suggesting that linalool was conserved and dominant within subsect. Delavayanae and its hybrids, instead of species and cultivars from subsect. Vaginatae. Global transcriptome analysis of all wild tree peony species and 60 cultivars revealed five candidate genes that may be involved in key steps of linalool biosynthesis; especially the expressions of three TPS genes, PdTPS1, PdTPS2, and PdTPS4, were significantly positively correlated with linalool emissions across tree peony cultivars. Further biochemical evidence demonstrated that PdTPS1 and PdTPS4 were the pivotal genes determining the species-specific and cultivar-specific emission of linalool. This study revealed a new insight into floral scent divergence in tree peony and would greatly facilitate our understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of Paeonia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mengwen Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
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132
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Liu X, Zhang P, Zhao Q, Huang AC. Making small molecules in plants: A chassis for synthetic biology-based production of plant natural products. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:417-443. [PMID: 35852486 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant natural products have been extensively exploited in food, medicine, flavor, cosmetic, renewable fuel, and other industrial sectors. Synthetic biology has recently emerged as a promising means for the cost-effective and sustainable production of natural products. Compared with engineering microbes for the production of plant natural products, the potential of plants as chassis for producing these compounds is underestimated, largely due to challenges encountered in engineering plants. Knowledge in plant engineering is instrumental for enabling the effective and efficient production of valuable phytochemicals in plants, and also paves the way for a more sustainable future agriculture. In this manuscript, we briefly recap the biosynthesis of plant natural products, focusing primarily on industrially important terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenylpropanoids. We further summarize the plant hosts and strategies that have been used to engineer the production of natural products. The challenges and opportunities of using plant synthetic biology to achieve rapid and scalable production of high-value plant natural products are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qiao Zhao
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ancheng C Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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133
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Sun Y, Xiao W, Wang QN, Wang J, Kong XD, Ma WH, Liu SX, Ren P, Xu LN, Zhang YJ. Multiple variation patterns of terpene synthases in 26 maize genomes. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:46. [PMID: 36707768 PMCID: PMC9881264 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are important compounds associated with the pest and herbivore resistance mechanisms of plants; consequently, it is essential to identify and explore terpene synthase (TPS) genes in maize. In the present study, we identified 31 TPS genes based on a pan-genome of 26 high-quality maize genomes containing 20 core genes (present in all 26 lines), seven dispensable genes (present in 2 to 23 lines), three near-core genes (present in 24 to 25 lines), and one private gene (present in only 1 line). Evaluation of ka/ks values of TPS in 26 varieties revealed that TPS25 was subjected to positive selection in some varieties. Six ZmTPS had ka/ks values less than 1, indicating that they were subjected to purifying selection. In 26 genomes, significant differences were observed in ZmTPS25 expression between genes affected by structural variation (SV) and those not affected by SV. In some varieties, SV altered the conserved structural domains resulting in a considerable number of atypical genes. The analysis of RNA-seq data of maize Ostrinia furnacalis feeding revealed 10 differentially expressed ZmTPS, 9 of which were core genes. However, many atypical genes for these responsive genes were identified in several genomes. These findings provide a novel resource for functional studies of ZmTPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Wenqing Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Qing-Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Kong
- Institute of Bioinformatics, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hui Ma
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Si-Xian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Ping Ren
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Na Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Yong-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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134
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Zhang S, Qu-Bie JZ, Feng MK, Qu-Bie AX, Huang Y, Zhang ZF, Yan XJ, Liu Y. Illuminating the biosynthesis pathway genes involved in bioactive specific monoterpene glycosides in Paeonia veitchii Lynch by a combination of sequencing platforms. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:45. [PMID: 36698081 PMCID: PMC9878870 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paeonia veitchii Lynch, a well-known herb from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau south of the Himalayas, can synthesize specific monoterpene glycosides (PMGs) with multiple pharmacological activities, and its rhizome has become an indispensable ingredient in many clinical drugs. However, little is known about the molecular background of P. veitchii, especially the genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of PMGs. RESULTS A corrective full-length transcriptome with 30,827 unigenes was generated by combining next-generation sequencing (NGS) and single-molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT) of six tissues (leaf, stem, petal, ovary, phloem and xylem). The enzymes terpene synthase (TPS), cytochrome P450 (CYP), UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT), and BAHD acyltransferase, which participate in the biosynthesis of PMGs, were systematically characterized, and their functions related to PMG biosynthesis were analysed. With further insight into TPSs, CYPs, UGTs and BAHDs involved in PMG biosynthesis, the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) method was used to identify the relationships between these genes and PMGs. Finally, 8 TPSs, 22 CYPs, 7 UGTs, and 2 BAHD genes were obtained, and these putative genes were very likely to be involved in the biosynthesis of PMGs. In addition, the expression patterns of the putative genes and the accumulation of PMGs in tissues suggested that all tissues are capable of biosynthesizing PMGs and that aerial plant parts could also be used to extract PMGs. CONCLUSION We generated a large-scale transcriptome database across the major tissues in P. veitchii, providing valuable support for further research investigating P. veitchii and understanding the genetic information of plants from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. TPSs, CYPs, UGTs and BAHDs further contribute to a better understanding of the biology and complexity of PMGs in P. veitchii. Our study will help reveal the mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis pathway of these specific monoterpene glycosides and aid in the comprehensive utilization of this multifunctional plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshan Zhang
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, 610225 China ,Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu, 610225 China
| | - Jun-zhang Qu-Bie
- grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XCollege of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Ming-kang Feng
- grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XCollege of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - A-xiang Qu-Bie
- grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XCollege of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yanfei Huang
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, 610225 China ,Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu, 610225 China
| | - Zhi-feng Zhang
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, 610225 China ,Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu, 610225 China
| | - Xin-jia Yan
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, 610225 China ,Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu, 610225 China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu, 610225 China
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135
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Bryson AE, Lanier ER, Lau KH, Hamilton JP, Vaillancourt B, Mathieu D, Yocca AE, Miller GP, Edger PP, Buell CR, Hamberger B. Uncovering a miltiradiene biosynthetic gene cluster in the Lamiaceae reveals a dynamic evolutionary trajectory. Nat Commun 2023; 14:343. [PMID: 36670101 PMCID: PMC9860074 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatial organization of genes within plant genomes can drive evolution of specialized metabolic pathways. Terpenoids are important specialized metabolites in plants with diverse adaptive functions that enable environmental interactions. Here, we report the genome assemblies of Prunella vulgaris, Plectranthus barbatus, and Leonotis leonurus. We investigate the origin and subsequent evolution of a diterpenoid biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) together with other seven species within the Lamiaceae (mint) family. Based on core genes found in the BGCs of all species examined across the Lamiaceae, we predict a simplified version of this cluster evolved in an early Lamiaceae ancestor. The current composition of the extant BGCs highlights the dynamic nature of its evolution. We elucidate the terpene backbones generated by the Callicarpa americana BGC enzymes, including miltiradiene and the terpene (+)-kaurene, and show oxidization activities of BGC cytochrome P450s. Our work reveals the fluid nature of BGC assembly and the importance of genome structure in contributing to the origin of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Bryson
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Emily R Lanier
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kin H Lau
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - John P Hamilton
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Brieanne Vaillancourt
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Davis Mathieu
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alan E Yocca
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Garret P Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Patrick P Edger
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - C Robin Buell
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Björn Hamberger
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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136
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Biosynthesis of α-Bisabolol by Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase and α-Bisabolol Synthase and Their Related Transcription Factors in Matricaria recutita L. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021730. [PMID: 36675248 PMCID: PMC9864331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential oil of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) is widely used in food, cosmetics, and the pharmaceutical industry. α-Bisabolol is the main active substance in German chamomile. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPS) and α-bisabolol synthase (BBS) are key enzymes related to the α-bisabolol biosynthesis pathway. However, little is known about the α-bisabolol biosynthesis pathway in German chamomile, especially the transcription factors (TFs) related to the regulation of α-bisabolol synthesis. In this study, we identified MrFPS and MrBBS and investigated their functions by prokaryotic expression and expression in hairy root cells of German chamomile. The results suggest that MrFPS is the key enzyme in the production of sesquiterpenoids, and MrBBS catalyzes the reaction that produces α-bisabolol. Subcellular localization analysis showed that both MrFPS and MrBBS proteins were located in the cytosol. The expression levels of both MrFPS and MrBBS were highest in the extension period of ray florets. Furthermore, we cloned and analyzed the promoters of MrFPS and MrBBS. A large number of cis-acting elements related to light responsiveness, hormone response elements, and cis-regulatory elements that serve as putative binding sites for specific TFs in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses were identified. We identified and studied TFs related to MrFPS and MrBBS, including WRKY, AP2, and MYB. Our findings reveal the biosynthesis and regulation of α-bisabolol in German chamomile and provide novel insights for the production of α-bisabolol using synthetic biology methods.
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137
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Zheng BQ, Li XQ, Wang Y. New Insights into the Mechanism of Spatiotemporal Scent Accumulation in Orchid Flowers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:304. [PMID: 36679016 PMCID: PMC9866394 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Orchid flowers have a unique structure that consists of three sepals and three petals, with one of the petals forming the labellum (lip) that can be differentiated into the hypochile and epichile. In orchids, the emission of floral scent is specific and spatially complex. Little is understood about the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of the differing scent emissions between the parts of orchid flowers. Here, we investigated this in the Cattleya hybrid KOVA, and our study showed that monoterpenes, including linalool and geraniol, are the main components responsible for the KOVA floral scent. The KOVA flower was scentless to the human nose before it reached full bloom, potentially because the 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthases (RcDXSs) and 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate synthases (RcHDSs) that biosynthesize monoterpenes were highly expressed in flowers only when it reached full flowering. Additionally, the spatial expression profile of the monoterpene synthases (RcMTPSs), which were highly expressed in the basal region of the lip (hypochile), contributed to the highest monoterpene emissions from this part of the flower. This might have caused the hypochile to be more fragrant than the other parts of the flower. These findings enrich our understanding of the difference in scents between different flower parts in plants and provide information to breed novel orchid cultivars with special floral scents.
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138
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Hou C, Zhang Q, Xie P, Lian H, Wang Y, Liang D, Cai Y, He B. Full-length transcriptome sequencing reveals the molecular mechanism of monoterpene and sesquiterpene biosynthesis in Cinnamomum burmannii. Front Genet 2023; 13:1087495. [PMID: 36685943 PMCID: PMC9852720 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1087495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oil of Cinnamomum burmannii is rich in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and is widely used in cosmetics and medicines. Knowledge about the enzymes that catalyze the formation of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in C. burmannii is insufficient. Therefore, anatomy observation of C. burmannii at the four developmental stages (7 days, CBS1; 14 days, CBS2; 21 days, CBS3, and 28 days, CBS4) were conducted to elucidate the origins of essential oil production. Twelve full-length transcriptomes of C. burmannii leaves at the four stages were generated using Oxford Nanopore Technologies. GC-MS analysis revealed 15 monoterpene and sesquiterpenes dramatically increased from CBS1 to CBS4. A weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) in association and differentially expressed genes across four developmental stages were performed. A total of 44 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in terpenoid syntheses during leaf development. Among them, the DEGs of the mevalonate acid (MVA) pathway were predominantly expressed at CBS1, while those of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway showed increased expression from CBS2 to CBS4. Besides, fourteen genes were associated with monoterpene synthesis and nine with sesquiterpene synthesis. Functions of these DEGs were further predicted with regard to gene expression profile and phylogenetic relationship with those characterized in previous studies. In addition, 922 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were detected, of which twelve were predicted to regulate monoterpene and sesquiterpene biosynthesis. The present study provided new insights the molecular mechanisms of monoterpenoid and sesquiterpenoid syntheses of C. burmannii.
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139
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Sun M, Zhu L, Zhang Y, Liu N, Zhang J, Li H, Bai H, Shi L. Creation of new germplasm resources, development of SSR markers, and screening of monoterpene synthases in thyme. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:13. [PMID: 36604636 PMCID: PMC9817278 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-04029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyme derived essential oil and its components have numerous applications in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries, owing to their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. To obtain thyme essential oil with different terpene composition, we developed new germplasm resources using the conventional hybridization approach. RESULTS Phenotypic characteristics, including essential oil yield and composition, glandular trichome density, plant type, and fertility, of three wild Chinese and seven European thyme species were evaluated. Male-sterile and male-fertile thyme species were crossed in different combinations, and two F1 populations derived from Thymus longicaulis (Tl) × T. vulgaris 'Fragrantissimus' (Tvf) and T. vulgaris 'Elsbeth' (Tve) × T. quinquecostatus (Tq) crosses were selected, with essential oil yield and terpene content as the main breeding goals. Simultaneously, simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers were developed based on the whole-genome sequence of T. quinquecostatus to authenticate the F1 hybrids. A total of 300 primer pairs were selected, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out on the parents of the two hybrid populations (Tl, Tvf, Tve, and Tq). Based on the chemotype of the parents and their F1 progenies, we examined the expression of genes encoding two γ-terpinene synthases, one α-terpineol synthase, and maybe one geraniol synthase in all genotypes by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). CONCLUSION We used hybridization to create new germplasm resources of thyme, developed SSR markers based on the whole-genome sequence of T. quinquecostatus, and screened the expression of monoterpene synthase genes in thyme. The results of this study provide a strong foundation for the creation of new germplasm resources, construction of the genetic linkage maps, and identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs), and help gain insight into the mechanism of monoterpenoids biosynthesis in thyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinzheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hongtong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Valletta A, Iozia LM, Fattorini L, Leonelli F. Rice Phytoalexins: Half a Century of Amazing Discoveries; Part I: Distribution, Biosynthesis, Chemical Synthesis, and Biological Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:260. [PMID: 36678973 PMCID: PMC9862927 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated rice is a staple food for more than half of the world's population, providing approximately 20% of the world's food energy needs. A broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms causes rice diseases leading to huge yield losses worldwide. Wild and cultivated rice species are known to possess a wide variety of antimicrobial secondary metabolites, known as phytoalexins, which are part of their active defense mechanisms. These compounds are biosynthesized transiently by rice in response to pathogens and certain abiotic stresses. Rice phytoalexins have been intensively studied for over half a century, both for their biological role and their potential application in agronomic and pharmaceutical fields. In recent decades, the growing interest of the research community, combined with advances in chemical, biological, and biomolecular investigation methods, has led to a notable acceleration in the growth of knowledge on rice phytoalexins. This review provides an overview of the knowledge gained in recent decades on the diversity, distribution, biosynthesis, chemical synthesis, and bioactivity of rice phytoalexins, with particular attention to the most recent advances in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Valletta
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maria Iozia
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Fattorini
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Leonelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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141
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Co-Localization of Resistance and Metabolic Quantitative Trait Loci on Carrot Genome Reveals Fungitoxic Terpenes and Related Candidate Genes Associated with the Resistance to Alternaria dauci. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010071. [PMID: 36676996 PMCID: PMC9863879 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternaria leaf blight, caused by the fungus Alternaria dauci, is the most damaging foliar disease of carrot. Some carrot genotypes exhibit partial resistance to this pathogen and resistance Quantitative Trait Loci (rQTL) have been identified. Co-localization of metabolic QTL and rQTL identified camphene, α-pinene, α-bisabolene, β-cubebene, caryophyllene, germacrene D and α-humulene as terpenes potentially involved in carrot resistance against ALB. By combining genomic and transcriptomic analyses, we identified, under the co-localization regions, terpene-related genes which are differentially expressed between a resistant and a susceptible carrot genotype. These genes include five terpene synthases and twenty transcription factors. In addition, significant mycelial growth inhibition was observed in the presence of α-humulene and caryophyllene.
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142
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Rebholz Z, Lancaster J, Larose H, Khrimian A, Luck K, Sparks ME, Gendreau KL, Shewade L, Köllner TG, Weber DC, Gundersen-Rindal DE, O'Maille P, Morozov AV, Tholl D. Ancient origin and conserved gene function in terpene pheromone and defense evolution of stink bugs and hemipteran insects. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 152:103879. [PMID: 36470318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Insects use diverse arrays of small molecules such as metabolites of the large class of terpenes for intra- and inter-specific communication and defense. These molecules are synthesized by specialized metabolic pathways; however, the origin of enzymes involved in terpene biosynthesis and their evolution in insect genomes is still poorly understood. We addressed this question by investigating the evolution of isoprenyl diphosphate synthase (IDS)-like genes with terpene synthase (TPS) function in the family of stink bugs (Pentatomidae) within the large order of piercing-sucking Hemipteran insects. Stink bugs include species of global pest status, many of which emit structurally related 15-carbon sesquiterpenes as sex or aggregation pheromones. We provide evidence for the emergence of IDS-type TPS enzymes at the onset of pentatomid evolution over 100 million years ago, coinciding with the evolution of flowering plants. Stink bugs of different geographical origin maintain small IDS-type families with genes of conserved TPS function, which stands in contrast to the diversification of TPS genes in plants. Expanded gene mining and phylogenetic analysis in other hemipteran insects further provides evidence for an ancient emergence of IDS-like genes under presumed selection for terpene-mediated chemical interactions, and this process occurred independently from a similar evolution of IDS-type TPS genes in beetles. Our findings further suggest differences in TPS diversification in insects and plants in conjunction with different modes of gene functionalization in chemical interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarley Rebholz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Latham Hall, 220 Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Jason Lancaster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Latham Hall, 220 Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Hailey Larose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Latham Hall, 220 Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ashot Khrimian
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Katrin Luck
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael E Sparks
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Kerry L Gendreau
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Latham Hall, 220 Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Leena Shewade
- SRI International, Biosciences Division, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025-3493, USA
| | - Tobias G Köllner
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Donald C Weber
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Dawn E Gundersen-Rindal
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Paul O'Maille
- SRI International, Biosciences Division, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025-3493, USA
| | - Alexandre V Morozov
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and Center for Quantitative Biology, Rutgers University, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8019, USA
| | - Dorothea Tholl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Latham Hall, 220 Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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143
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Karalija E, Šamec D, Dahija S, Ibragić S. Plants strike back: Plant volatiles and their role in indirect defence against aphids. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13850. [PMID: 36628570 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants have evolved different strategies to defend themselves against various biotic stressors. An important aspect of the complex response of plants to biotic stress is the emission of volatile compounds (VOCs), which are involved in direct and indirect plant defence mechanisms. Indirect plant defences include a range of plant traits that mediate defence against herbivores and play an important ecological role by not only utilising plants' own capabilities, but also signalling and attracting natural enemies of herbivores. Often the combination of volatiles emitted is specific to herbivores; they are consequently recognised by parasites and other predators, providing a clear link between the volatile signature and the prey. In this review, we focus on indirect plant defence and summarise current knowledge and perspectives on relationships between plants, aphids and parasitic wasps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Karalija
- Laboratory for Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dunja Šamec
- Department of Food Technology, University North, Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Sabina Dahija
- Laboratory for Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Saida Ibragić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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144
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Hu L, Xu Z, Fan R, Wang G, Wang F, Qin X, Yan L, Ji X, Meng M, Sim S, Chen W, Hao C, Wang Q, Zhu H, Zhu S, Xu P, Zhao H, Lindsey K, Daniell H, Wendel JF, Jin S. The complex genome and adaptive evolution of polyploid Chinese pepper (Zanthoxylum armatum and Zanthoxylum bungeanum). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:78-96. [PMID: 36117410 PMCID: PMC9829393 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum armatum and Zanthoxylum bungeanum, known as 'Chinese pepper', are distinguished by their extraordinary complex genomes, phenotypic innovation of adaptive evolution and species-special metabolites. Here, we report reference-grade genomes of Z. armatum and Z. bungeanum. Using high coverage sequence data and comprehensive assembly strategies, we derived 66 pseudochromosomes comprising 33 homologous phased groups of two subgenomes, including autotetraploid Z. armatum. The genomic rearrangements and two whole-genome duplications created large (~4.5 Gb) complex genomes with a high ratio of repetitive sequences (>82%) and high chromosome number (2n = 4x = 132). Further analysis of the high-quality genomes shed lights on the genomic basis of involutional reproduction, allomones biosynthesis and adaptive evolution in Chinese pepper, revealing a high consistent relationship between genomic evolution, environmental factors and phenotypic innovation. Our study provides genomic resources and new insights for investigating diversification and phenotypic innovation in Chinese pepper, with broader implications for the protection of plants under severe environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisong Hu
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesWanningChina
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage CropsWanningChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops of Hainan ProvinceWanningChina
| | - Zhongping Xu
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesWanningChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Rui Fan
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesWanningChina
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage CropsWanningChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops of Hainan ProvinceWanningChina
| | - Guanying Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Fuqiu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiaowei Qin
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesWanningChina
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage CropsWanningChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops of Hainan ProvinceWanningChina
| | - Lin Yan
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesWanningChina
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage CropsWanningChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops of Hainan ProvinceWanningChina
| | - Xunzhi Ji
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesWanningChina
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage CropsWanningChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops of Hainan ProvinceWanningChina
| | - Minghui Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro‐Ecosystems, School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | | | - Wei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chaoyun Hao
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesWanningChina
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage CropsWanningChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops of Hainan ProvinceWanningChina
| | - Qinghuang Wang
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesWanningChina
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage CropsWanningChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops of Hainan ProvinceWanningChina
| | - Huaguo Zhu
- College of Biology and Agricultural ResourcesHuanggang Normal UniversityHuanggangHubeiChina
| | - Shu Zhu
- Jinjiaohong Spice Research InstituteJinjiaohong Agricultural Technology Group CorporationNanjingChina
| | - Pan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro‐Ecosystems, School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Hui Zhao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off‐Season Reproduction RegionsHaikouChina
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesSanyaChina
| | | | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jonathan F. Wendel
- Department Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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Salvagnin U, Unkel K, Sprink T, Bundock P, Sevenier R, Bogdanović M, Todorović S, Cankar K, Hakkert JC, Schijlen E, Nieuwenhuis R, Hingsamer M, Kulmer V, Kernitzkyi M, Bosch D, Martens S, Malnoy M. A comparison of three different delivery methods for achieving CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing in Cichorium intybus L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1111110. [PMID: 37123849 PMCID: PMC10131283 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1111110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Root chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. sativum) is used to extract inulin, a fructose polymer used as a natural sweetener and prebiotic. However, bitter tasting sesquiterpene lactones, giving chicory its known flavour, need to be removed during inulin extraction. To avoid this extraction and associated costs, recently chicory variants with a lower sesquiterpene lactone content were created by inactivating the four copies of the germacrene A synthase gene (CiGAS-S1, -S2, -S3, -L) which encode the enzyme initiating bitter sesquiterpene lactone biosynthesis in chicory. In this study, different delivery methods for CRISPR/Cas9 reagents have been compared regarding their efficiency to induce mutations in the CiGAS genes, the frequency of off-target mutations as well as their environmental and economic impacts. CRISPR/Cas9 reagents were delivered by Agrobacterium-mediated stable transformation or transient delivery by plasmid or preassembled ribonucleic complexes (RNPs) using the same sgRNA. All methods used lead to a high number of INDEL mutations within the CiGAS-S1 and CiGAS-S2 genes, which match the used sgRNA perfectly; additionally, the CiGAS-S3 and CiGAS-L genes, which have a single mismatch with the sgRNA, were mutated but with a lower mutation efficiency. While using both RNPs and plasmids delivery resulted in biallelic, heterozygous or homozygous mutations, plasmid delivery resulted in 30% of unwanted integration of plasmid fragments in the genome. Plants transformed via Agrobacteria often showed chimerism and a mixture of CiGAS genotypes. This genetic mosaic becomes more diverse when plants were grown over a prolonged period. While the genotype of the on-targets varied between the transient and stable delivery methods, no off-target activity in six identified potential off-targets with two to four mismatches was found. The environmental impacts (greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and primary energy demand) of the methods are highly dependent on their individual electricity demand. From an economic view - like for most research and development activities - employment and value-added multiplier effects are high; particularly when compared to industrial or manufacturing processes. Considering all aspects, we conclude that using RNPs is the most suitable method for genome editing in chicory since it led to a high efficiency of editing, no off-target mutations, non-transgenic plants with no risk of unwanted integration of plasmid DNA and without needed segregation of transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Salvagnin
- Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
- *Correspondence: Umberto Salvagnin, ; Mickael Malnoy,
| | - Katharina Unkel
- Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Thorben Sprink
- Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Paul Bundock
- Keygene N.V., Agro Business Park 90, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Robert Sevenier
- Keygene N.V., Agro Business Park 90, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Milica Bogdanović
- Department for Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slađana Todorović
- Department for Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Cankar
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Elio Schijlen
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ronald Nieuwenhuis
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Dirk Bosch
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Martens
- Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
- *Correspondence: Umberto Salvagnin, ; Mickael Malnoy,
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146
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Adal AM, Najafianashrafi E, Sarker LS, Mahmoud SS. Cloning, functional characterization and evaluating potential in metabolic engineering for lavender ( +)-bornyl diphosphate synthase. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 111:117-130. [PMID: 36271988 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We isolated and functionally characterized a new ( +)-bornyl diphosphate synthase (( +)-LiBPPS) from Lavandula x intermedia. The in planta functions of ( +)-LiBPPS were evaluated in sense and antisense transgenic plants. The monoterpene ( +)-borneol contributes scent and medicinal properties to some plants. It also is the immediate precursor to camphor, another important determinant of aroma and medicinal properties in many plants. ( +)-Borneol is generated through the dephosphorylation of bornyl diphosphate (BPP), which is itself derived from geranyl diphosphate (GPP) by the enzyme ( +)-bornyl diphosphate synthase (( +)-BPPS). In this study we isolated and functionally characterized a novel ( +)-BPPS cDNA from Lavandula x intermedia. The cDNA excluding its transit peptide was expressed in E. coli, and the corresponding recombinant protein was purified with Ni-NTA agarose affinity chromatography. The recombinant ( +)-LiBPPS catalyzed the conversion of GPP to BPP as a major product, and a few minor products. We also investigated the in planta role of ( +)-LiBPPS in terpenoid metabolism through its overexpression in sense and antisense orientations in stably transformed Lavandula latifolia plants. The overexpression of ( +)-LiBPPS in antisense resulted in reduced production of ( +)-borneol and camphor without compromising plant growth and development. As anticipated, the overexpression of the gene led to enhanced production of borneol and camphor, although growth and development were severely impaired in most transgenic lines strongly and ectopically expressing the ( +)-LiBPPS transgene in sense. Our results demonstrate that LiBPPS would be useful in studies aimed at the production of recombinant borneol and camphor in vitro, and in metabolic engineering efforts aimed at lowering borneol and camphor production in plants. However, overexpression in sense may require a targeted expression of the gene in glandular trichomes using a trichome-specific promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelign M Adal
- Department of Biology, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 1177 Research Road, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
- Innovate Phytoceuticals Inc, 3485 Velocity Ave, Kelowna, BC, V1V 3C2, Canada
| | - Elaheh Najafianashrafi
- Department of Biology, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 1177 Research Road, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
- Department of Micro, Immuno and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Ave, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Lukman S Sarker
- Department of Biology, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 1177 Research Road, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
- Innovate Phytoceuticals Inc, 3485 Velocity Ave, Kelowna, BC, V1V 3C2, Canada
| | - Soheil S Mahmoud
- Department of Biology, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 1177 Research Road, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
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147
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Suenaga-Hiromori M, Mogi D, Kikuchi Y, Tong J, Kurisu N, Aoki Y, Amano H, Furutani M, Shimoyama T, Waki T, Nakayama T, Takahashi S. Comprehensive identification of terpene synthase genes and organ-dependent accumulation of terpenoid volatiles in a traditional medicinal plant Angelica archangelica L. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2022; 39:391-404. [PMID: 37283614 PMCID: PMC10240917 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.1006a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Angelica archangelica L. is a traditional medicinal plant of Nordic origin that produces an unusual amount and variety of terpenoids. The unique terpenoid composition of A. archangelica likely arises from the involvement of terpene synthases (TPSs) with different specificities, none of which has been identified. As the first step in identifying TPSs responsible for terpenoid chemodiversity in A. archangelica, we produced a transcriptome catalogue using the mRNAs extracted from the leaves, tap roots, and dry seeds of the plant; 11 putative TPS genes were identified (AaTPS1-AaTPS11). Phylogenetic analysis predicted that AaTPS1-AaTPS5, AaTPS6-AaTPS10, and AaTPS11 belong to the monoterpene synthase (monoTPS), sesquiterpene synthase (sesquiTPS), and diterpene synthase clusters, respectively. We then performed in vivo enzyme assays of the AaTPSs using recombinant Escherichia coli systems to examine their enzymatic activities and specificities. Nine recombinant enzymes (AaTPS2-AaTPS10) displayed TPS activities with specificities consistent with their phylogenetics; however, AaTPS5 exhibited a strong sesquiTPS activity along with a weak monoTPS activity. We also analyzed terpenoid volatiles in the flowers, immature and mature seeds, leaves, and tap roots of A. archangelica using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; 14 monoterpenoids and 13 sesquiterpenoids were identified. The mature seeds accumulated the highest levels of monoterpenoids, with β-phellandrene being the most prominent. α-Pinene and β-myrcene were abundant in all organs examined. The in vivo assay results suggest that the AaTPSs functionally identified in this study are at least partly involved in the chemodiversity of terpenoid volatiles in A. archangelica.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daisuke Mogi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yohei Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Jiali Tong
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Naotsugu Kurisu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuichi Aoki
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8573, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Amano
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masahiro Furutani
- R&D Center, Sekisui Chemical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-4247, Japan
| | - Takefumi Shimoyama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Waki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Toru Nakayama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Seiji Takahashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
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148
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Chen L, Xia B, Li Z, Liu X, Bai Y, Yang Y, Gao W, Meng Q, Xu N, Sun Y, Li Q, Yue L, He M, Zhou Y. Syringa oblata genome provides new insights into molecular mechanism of flower color differences among individuals and biosynthesis of its flower volatiles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1078677. [PMID: 36618636 PMCID: PMC9811319 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1078677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Syringa oblata is a high ornamental value tree owing to its elegant colors, unique aromas and wide adaptability, however, studies on the molecular mechanism underlying the formation of its ornamental traits are still lacking. Here, we presented a chromosome-scale genome assembly of S. oblata and the final genome size was 1.11 Gb with a contig N50 of 4.75 Mb, anchored on 23 chromosomes and was a better reference for S. oblata transcriptome assembly. Further by integrating transcriptomic and metabolic data, it was concluded that F3H, F3'H, 4CL and PAL, especially the F3'H, were important candidates involved in the formation of floral color differences among S. oblata individuals. Genome-wide identification and analysis revealed that the TPS-b subfamily was the most abundant subfamily of TPS family in S. oblata, which together with the CYP76 family genes determined the formation of the major floral volatiles of S. oblata. Overall, our results provide an important reference for mechanistic studies on the main ornamental traits and molecular breeding in S. oblata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Chen
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Xia
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yun Bai
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujia Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjie Gao
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingran Meng
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Xu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Liran Yue
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Miao He
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunwei Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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149
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In Silico Genome-Wide Mining and Analysis of Terpene Synthase Gene Family in Hevea Brasiliensis. Biochem Genet 2022; 61:1185-1209. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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150
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Chacon FT, Raup-Konsavage WM, Vrana KE, Kellogg JJ. Secondary Terpenes in Cannabis sativa L.: Synthesis and Synergy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123142. [PMID: 36551898 PMCID: PMC9775512 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis is a complex biosynthetic plant, with a long history of medicinal use. While cannabinoids have received the majority of the attention for their psychoactive and pharmacological activities, cannabis produces a diverse array of phytochemicals, such as terpenes. These compounds are known to play a role in the aroma and flavor of cannabis but are potent biologically active molecules that exert effects on infectious as well as chronic diseases. Furthermore, terpenes have the potential to play important roles, such as synergistic and/or entourage compounds that modulate the activity of the cannabinoids. This review highlights the diversity and bioactivities of terpenes in cannabis, especially minor or secondary terpenes that are less concentrated in cannabis on a by-mass basis. We also explore the question of the entourage effect in cannabis, which studies to date have supported or refuted the concept of synergy in cannabis, and where synergy experimentation is headed, to better understand the interplay between phytochemicals within Cannabis sativa L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco T. Chacon
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | | | - Kent E. Vrana
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Joshua J. Kellogg
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-814-865-2887
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