101
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Riaz MR, Preston GM, Mithani A. MAPPS: A Web-Based Tool for Metabolic Pathway Prediction and Network Analysis in the Postgenomic Era. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1069-1082. [PMID: 32347714 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Comparative and evolutionary analyses of metabolic networks have a wide range of applications, ranging from research into metabolic evolution through to practical applications in drug development, synthetic biology, and biodegradation. We present MAPPS: Metabolic network Analysis and Pathway Prediction Server (https://mapps.lums.edu.pk), a web-based tool to study functions and evolution of metabolic networks using traditional and 'omics data sets. MAPPS provides diverse functionalities including an interactive interface, graphical visualization of results, pathway prediction and network comparison, identification of potential drug targets, in silico metabolic engineering, host-microbe interactions, and ancestral network building. Importantly, MAPPS also allows users to upload custom data, thus enabling metabolic analyses on draft and custom genomes, and has an 'omics pipeline to filter pathway results, making it relevant in today's postgenomic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan Riaz
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), DHA, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Gail M. Preston
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, U.K
| | - Aziz Mithani
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), DHA, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
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102
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Wang Y, Yang Z, Kong Y, Li X, Li W, Du H, Zhang C. GmPAP12 Is Required for Nodule Development and Nitrogen Fixation Under Phosphorus Starvation in Soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:450. [PMID: 32499790 PMCID: PMC7243344 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nodulation process in legume plants is essential for biological nitrogen fixation during which process a large amount of phosphorus (P) is required. Under P deficiency, nodule formation is greatly affected, and induction of purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) is an adaptive strategy for nodules to acquire more P. However, regulation roles of PAPs in nodules remain largely understood. In this study, by transcriptome sequencing technology, five PAP genes were found to be differentially expressed, which led to the greatly increased acid phosphatase (APase) and phytase activities in soybean mature nodules under P starvation conditions; and among the five PAP genes, GmPAP12 had the highest transcript level, and RT-PCR indicated expression of GmPAP12 was gradually increasing during nodule development. GUS activity driven by GmPAP12 promoter was also significantly induced in low phosphorus conditions. Further functional analysis showed that under low phosphorus stress, overexpression of GmPAP12 resulted in higher nodule number, fresh weight, and nitrogenase activity as well as the APase activity than those of control plant nodules, whereas the growth performance and APase activity of nodules on hairy roots were greatly lower when GmPAP12 was suppressed, indicating that GmPAP12 may promote P utilization in soybean nodules under low P stress, which thus played an important role in nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation. Moreover, P1BS elements were found in the promoter of GmPAP12, and yeast one-hybrid experiment further proved the binding of P1BS by transcription factor GmPHR1 in the promoter of GmPAP12. At last, overexpression and suppression of GmPHR1 in nodules indeed caused highly increased and decreased expression of GmPAP12, respectively, indicating that GmPAP12 is regulated by GmPHR1 in soybean nodules. Taken together, these data suggested that GmPAP12 was a novel soybean PAP involved in the P utilization and metabolism in soybean root nodules and played an important role in the growth and development of root nodules and biological nitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hui Du
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Caiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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103
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Co-Inoculation of Bacillus velezensis Strain S141 and Bradyrhizobium Strains Promotes Nodule Growth and Nitrogen Fixation. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050678. [PMID: 32392716 PMCID: PMC7284691 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the PGPR effect on nodulation and nitrogen-fixing efficiency of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) by co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobiumdiazoefficiens USDA110. Co-inoculation of Bacillusvelezensis S141 with USDA110 into soybean resulted in enhanced nodulation and N2-fixing efficiency by producing larger nodules. To understand the role of S141 on soybean and USDA110 symbiosis, putative genes related to IAA biosynthesis were disrupted, suggesting that co-inoculation of USDA110 with S141ΔyhcX reduces the number of large size nodules. It was revealed that yhcX may play a major role in IAA biosynthesis in S141 as well as provide a major impact on soybean growth promotion. The disruption of genes related to cytokinin biosynthesis and co-inoculation of USDA110 with S141ΔIPI reduced the number of very large size nodules, and it appears that IPI might play an important role in nodule size of soybean–Bradyrhizobium symbiosis. However, it was possible that not only IAA and cytokinin but also some other substances secreted from S141 facilitate Bradyrhizobium to trigger bigger nodule formation, resulting in enhanced N2-fixation. Therefore, the ability of S141 with Bradyrhizobium co-inoculation to enhance soybean N2-fixation strategy could be further developed for supreme soybean inoculants.
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104
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Mendoza-Suárez MA, Geddes BA, Sánchez-Cañizares C, Ramírez-González RH, Kirchhelle C, Jorrin B, Poole PS. Optimizing Rhizobium-legume symbioses by simultaneous measurement of rhizobial competitiveness and N 2 fixation in nodules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9822-9831. [PMID: 32317381 PMCID: PMC7211974 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921225117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Legumes tend to be nodulated by competitive rhizobia that do not maximize nitrogen (N2) fixation, resulting in suboptimal yields. Rhizobial nodulation competitiveness and effectiveness at N2 fixation are independent traits, making their measurement extremely time-consuming with low experimental throughput. To transform the experimental assessment of rhizobial competitiveness and effectiveness, we have used synthetic biology to develop reporter plasmids that allow simultaneous high-throughput measurement of N2 fixation in individual nodules using green fluorescent protein (GFP) and barcode strain identification (Plasmid ID) through next generation sequencing (NGS). In a proof-of-concept experiment using this technology in an agricultural soil, we simultaneously monitored 84 different Rhizobium leguminosarum strains, identifying a supercompetitive and highly effective rhizobial symbiont for peas. We also observed a remarkable frequency of nodule coinfection by rhizobia, with mixed occupancy identified in ∼20% of nodules, containing up to six different strains. Critically, this process can be adapted to multiple Rhizobium-legume symbioses, soil types, and environmental conditions to permit easy identification of optimal rhizobial inoculants for field testing to maximize agricultural yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barney A Geddes
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, OX1 3RB Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Charlotte Kirchhelle
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, OX1 3RB Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Jorrin
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, OX1 3RB Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip S Poole
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, OX1 3RB Oxford, United Kingdom;
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105
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Abreu I, Mihelj P, Raimunda D. Transition metal transporters in rhizobia: tuning the inorganic micronutrient requirements to different living styles. Metallomics 2020; 11:735-755. [PMID: 30734808 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00372f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A group of bacteria known as rhizobia are key players in symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in partnership with legumes. After a molecular exchange, the bacteria end surrounded by a plant membrane forming symbiosomes, organelle-like structures, where they differentiate to bacteroids and fix nitrogen. This symbiotic process is highly dependent on dynamic nutrient exchanges between the partners. Among these are transition metals (TM) participating as inorganic and organic cofactors of fundamental enzymes. While the understanding of how plant transporters facilitate TMs to the very near environment of the bacteroid is expanding, our knowledge on how bacteroid transporters integrate to TM homeostasis mechanisms in the plant host is still limited. This is significantly relevant considering the low solubility and scarcity of TMs in soils, and the in crescendo gradient of TM bioavailability rhizobia faces during the infection and bacteroid differentiation processes. In the present work, we review the main metal transporter families found in rhizobia, their role in free-living conditions and, when known, in symbiosis. We focus on discussing those transporters which could play a significant role in TM-dependent biochemical and physiological processes in the bacteroid, thus paving the way towards an optimized SNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro Abreu
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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106
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Effects of Fence Enclosure on Vegetation Community Characteristics and Productivity of a Degraded Temperate Meadow Steppe in Northern China. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10082952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Species composition and biomass are two important indicators in assessing the effects of restoration measures of degraded grasslands. In this paper, we present a field study on the temporal changes in plant community characteristics, species diversity and biomass production in a degraded temperate meadow steppe in response to an enclosure measure in Hulunbuir in Northern China. Our results showed that the plant community responded positively to the fence enclosure in terms of vegetation coverage, height, above- and belowground biomass. A year-to-year increase in aboveground biomass was observed, and this increase plateaued at the ninth year of the enclosure. Our results also showed that the existing dominant and foundation species gained predominance against other species. The sum of the biomass of these two species was more than doubled after the ninth year of the enclosure. However, belowground biomass only briefly increased until the fifth year of the enclosure and then decreased until the end of the experimental period. Plant diversity, evenness, and richness indices showed similar trends to that of belowground biomass. Overall, we found that the degraded temperate meadow steppe responded significantly positively to the enclosure treatment, but an optimal condition was only reached after approximately 5–7 years of continuous protection, providing a solid use case for grassland conservation and management at regional scales.
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107
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Pérez-Pizá MC, Cejas E, Zilli C, Prevosto L, Mancinelli B, Santa-Cruz D, Yannarelli G, Balestrasse K. Enhancement of soybean nodulation by seed treatment with non-thermal plasmas. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4917. [PMID: 32188896 PMCID: PMC7080784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61913-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is one of the most important crops worldwide providing dietary protein and vegetable oil. Most of the nitrogen required by the crop is supplied through biological N2 fixation. Non-thermal plasma is a fast, economical, and environmental-friendly technology that can improve seed quality, plant growth, and crop yield. Soybean seeds were exposed to a dielectric barrier discharge plasma operating at atmospheric pressure air with superimposed flows of O2 or N2 as carrying gases. An arrangement of a thin phenolic sheet covered by polyester films was employed as an insulating barrier. We focused on the ability of plasma to improve soybean nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation. The total number of nodules and their weight were significantly higher in plants grown from treated seeds than in control. Plasma treatments incremented 1.6 fold the nitrogenase activity in nodules, while leghaemoglobin content was increased two times, indicating that nodules were fixing nitrogen more actively than control. Accordingly, the nitrogen content in nodules and the aerial part of plants increased by 64% and 23%, respectively. Our results were supported by biometrical parameters. The results suggested that different mechanisms are involved in soybean nodulation improvement. Therefore, the root contents of isoflavonoids, glutathione, auxin and cytokinin, and expansin (GmEXP1) gene expression were determined. We consider this emerging technology is a suitable pre-sowing seed treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cecilia Pérez-Pizá
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, 4453, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Cejas
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, CONICET, Facultad Regional Venado Tuerto, Departamento de Ingeniería Electromecánica, Grupo de Descargas Eléctricas, Laprida 651, Venado Tuerto, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carla Zilli
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, 4453, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Prevosto
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, CONICET, Facultad Regional Venado Tuerto, Departamento de Ingeniería Electromecánica, Grupo de Descargas Eléctricas, Laprida 651, Venado Tuerto, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Mancinelli
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, CONICET, Facultad Regional Venado Tuerto, Departamento de Ingeniería Electromecánica, Grupo de Descargas Eléctricas, Laprida 651, Venado Tuerto, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diego Santa-Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, 4453, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Yannarelli
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina Balestrasse
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, 4453, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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108
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Bakshi MS. Impact of nanomaterials on ecosystems: Mechanistic aspects in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109099. [PMID: 31901674 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnologies are becoming increasingly popular in modern era of human development in every aspect of life. Their impact on our ecosystem in air, soil, and water is largely unknown because of the limited amount of information available, and hence, they require considerable attention. This account highlights the important routes of nanomaterials toxicity in air, soil, and water, their possible impact on the ecosystem and aquatic life. The mechanistic aspects have been focused on the size, shape, and surface modifications of nanomaterials. The preventive measures and future directions along with appropriate designs and implementation of nanotechnologies have been proposed so as to minimize the interactions of nanomaterials with terrestrial flora and aquatic life. Specifically, the focus largely remains on the toxicity of metallic nanoparticles such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag) because of their applications in diverse fields. The account lists some prominent mechanistic routes of nanotoxicity along with in vivo experimental results based on the fundamental understanding that how nanometallic surfaces interact with plant as well as animal biological systems. The appropriate modifications of the nanometallic surfaces with biocompatible molecules are considered to be the most effective preventive measures to reduce the nanotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Singh Bakshi
- Department of Chemistry, Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Green Bay, 2420 Nicolet Drive, Green Bay, WI, 54311-7001, USA.
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109
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Schulze J, Liese R, Ballesteros G, Casieri L, Salinas G, Cabeza RA. Ammonium acts systemically while nitrate exerts an additional local effect on Medicago truncatula nodules. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 292:110383. [PMID: 32005388 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) has a high energetic cost for legume plants; legumes thus reduce SNF when soil N is available. The present study aimed to increase our understanding regarding the impacts of the two principal forms of available N in soils (ammonium and nitrate) on SNF. We continuously measured the SNF of Medicago truncatula under controlled conditions. This permitted nodule sampling for comparative transcriptome profiling at points connected to the nodules' reaction following ammonium or nitrate applications. The N component of both ions systemically induced a rhythmic pattern of SNF, while the activity in control plants remained constant. This rhythmic activity reduced the per-day SNF. The nitrate ion had additional local effects; the more pronounced were a strong downregulation of leghaemoglobin, nodule cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides and nodule-enhanced nicotianamine synthase (neNAS). The neNAS has proven to be of importance for nodule functioning. Although other physiological impacts of nitrate on nodules were observed (e.g. nitrosylation of leghaemoglobin), the main effect was a rapid ion-specific and organ-specific change in gene expression levels. Contrastingly, during the first hours after ammonium applications, the transcriptome remained virtually unaffected. Therefore, nitrate-induced genes could be key for increasing the nitrate tolerance of SNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Schulze
- Department of Crop Sciences, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Liese
- Department of Crop Sciences, Section for Quality of Plants Products, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gabriel Ballesteros
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Leonardo Casieri
- UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, ERL6300 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, DNA Microarray and Deep-Sequencing Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A Cabeza
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile.
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110
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Kandelinskaya OL, Grischenko HR, Кhripach VA, Zhabinskii VN, Kartizhova LE, Shashko YK, Kosmachevskaya OV, Nasybullina EI, Topunov AF. Anabolic/anticatabolic and adaptogenic effects of 24-epibrassinolide on Lupinus angustifolius: Causes and consequences. Steroids 2020; 154:108545. [PMID: 31758963 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lupinus angustifolius L. is a legume culture known as a source of valuable feed protein and the N2-fixator for improving soil fertility. However, its low ecological resistance does not allow for a stable yield of the crop. Earlier, we have shown that steroid phytohormone 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) increases the tolerance of lupine to chlorine ions by activating the protective proteins in ripening seeds (such as proteinase inhibitors that prevent protein breakdown) and lectins. Here we investigated the effect of EBR on the functional status of the N2-fixing system in root nodules, protein synthesis in ripening seeds and the resistance of lupine plants to various pathogens. It was found that EBR enhanced the nodulation process, N2-fixing activity of nitrogenase and the accumulation of poly-β-hydroxybutirate in the bacteroides, increased the leghemoglobin content in the nodules as well as the metabolic activity of bacteroides. According to data on the inclusion of 14C-leucine in maturing seed proteins, EBR increased the accumulation of protein in them against the background of a short-term decrease in protein synthesis and its subsequent regeneration to the control level. Gradual inhibition of protein synthesis, characteristic of other legumes, was observed in control variants of lupine. EBR increased lupine resistance to phytopathogenic fungi of Colletotrichum genus and insects of Noctuidae and Scarabaeidae families. We concluded that a more complete implementation of the potential productivity and sustainability of lupine under the action of EBR was achieved due to the anabolic/anti-catabolic effect on the N2 fixation system in root nodules, as well as on protein synthesis in ripening seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga L Kandelinskaya
- Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Akademicheskaya, 27, Belarus.
| | - Helena R Grischenko
- Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Akademicheskaya, 27, Belarus
| | - Vladimir A Кhripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2200141 Minsk, Kuprevich st, 5/2, Belarus
| | - Vladimir N Zhabinskii
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2200141 Minsk, Kuprevich st, 5/2, Belarus
| | - Lylia E Kartizhova
- Institute of Microbiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2200141 Minsk, Kuprevich st, 2, Belarus
| | - Yuriy K Shashko
- Research and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Arable Farming, 222160 Zhodino, Timiriyazeva, 1, Belarus
| | - Olga V Kosmachevskaya
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Elvira I Nasybullina
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Alexey F Topunov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia
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111
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Fenta BA, Beebe SE, Kunert KJ. Role of fixing nitrogen in common bean growth under water deficit conditions. Food Energy Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Berhanu Amsalu Fenta
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Melkassa Agricultural Research Centre Adama Ethiopia
| | - Stephen E. Beebe
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) Cali Colombia
| | - Karl J. Kunert
- Department Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
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112
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Kibido T, Kunert K, Makgopa M, Greve M, Vorster J. Improvement of rhizobium‐soybean symbiosis and nitrogen fixation under drought. Food Energy Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tsholofelo Kibido
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Karl Kunert
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Matome Makgopa
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Michelle Greve
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Juan Vorster
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
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113
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Batstone RT, Peters MAE, Simonsen AK, Stinchcombe JR, Frederickson ME. Environmental variation impacts trait expression and selection in the legume-rhizobium symbiosis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:195-208. [PMID: 32064599 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The ecological outcomes of mutualism are well known to shift across abiotic or biotic environments, but few studies have addressed how different environments impact evolutionary responses, including the intensity of selection on and the expression of genetic variance in key mutualism-related traits. METHODS We planted 30 maternal lines of the legume Medicago lupulina in four field common gardens and compared our measures of selection on and genetic variance in nodulation, a key trait reflecting legume investment in the symbiosis, with those from a previous greenhouse experiment using the same 30 M. lupulina lines. RESULTS We found that both the mean and genetic variance for nodulation were much greater in the greenhouse than in the field and that the form of selection on nodulation significantly differed across environments. We also found significant genotype-by-environment (G × E) effects for fitness-related traits that were generated by differences in the rank order of plant lines among environments. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results suggest that the expression of genotypic variation and selection on nodulation differ across environments. In the field, significant rank-order changes for plant fitness potentially help maintain genetic variation in natural populations, even in the face of directional or stabilizing selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca T Batstone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
- Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Madeline A E Peters
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Anna K Simonsen
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - John R Stinchcombe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
- Koffler Scientific Reserve, University of Toronto, King, ON, L7B 1K5, Canada
| | - Megan E Frederickson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
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114
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Courbier S, Pierik R. Canopy Light Quality Modulates Stress Responses in Plants. iScience 2019; 22:441-452. [PMID: 31816531 PMCID: PMC6909002 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants growing at high density are in constant competition for light with each other. The shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) is an effective way to escape neighboring vegetation. Even though the molecular mechanisms regulating SAS have been long studied, interactions between light and other environmental signaling pathways have only recently received attention. Under natural conditions, plants deal with multiple stresses simultaneously. It is, therefore, key to identify commonalities, distinctions, and interactions between plant responses to different environmental cues. This review outlines the current understanding of the interplay between canopy light signaling and other stresses, both biotic and abiotic. Understanding plant responses to multiple stimuli, factoring in the dominance of light for plant life, is essential to generate crops with increased resilience against climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Courbier
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Pierik
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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115
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Caroline Silva Lopes E, Pereira Rodrigues W, Ruas Fraga K, Machado Filho JA, Rangel da Silva J, Menezes de Assis-Gomes M, Moura Assis Figueiredo FAM, Gresshoff PM, Campostrini E. Hypernodulating soybean mutant line nod4 lacking 'Autoregulation of Nodulation' (AON) has limited root-to-shoot water transport capacity. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:979-991. [PMID: 30955042 PMCID: PMC6881229 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although hypernodulating phenotype mutants of legumes, such as soybean, possess a high leaf N content, the large number of root nodules decreases carbohydrate availability for plant growth and seed yield. In addition, under conditions of high air vapour pressure deficit (VPD), hypernodulating plants show a limited capacity to replace water losses through transpiration, resulting in stomatal closure, and therefore decreased net photosynthetic rates. Here, we used hypernodulating (nod4) (282.33 ± 28.56 nodules per plant) and non-nodulating (nod139) (0 nodules per plant) soybean mutant lines to determine explicitly whether a large number of nodules reduces root hydraulic capacity, resulting in decreased stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rates under high air VPD conditions. METHODS Plants were either inoculated or not inoculated with Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens (strain BR 85, SEMIA 5080) to induce nitrogen-fixing root nodules (where possible). Absolute root conductance and root conductivity, plant growth, leaf water potential, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, leaf 'greenness' [Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) reading] and nitrogen content were measured 37 days after sowing. KEY RESULTS Besides the reduced growth of hypernodulating soybean mutant nod4, such plants showed decreased root capacity to supply leaf water demand as a consequence of their reduced root dry mass and root volume, which resulted in limited absolute root conductance and root conductivity normalized by leaf area. Thereby, reduced leaf water potential at 1300 h was observed, which contributed to depression of photosynthesis at midday associated with both stomatal and non-stomatal limitations. CONCLUSIONS Hypernodulated plants were more vulnerable to VPD increases due to their limited root-to-shoot water transport capacity. However, greater CO2 uptake caused by the high N content can be partly compensated by the stomatal limitation imposed by increased VPD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Caroline Silva Lopes
- Setor de Fisiologia Vegetal, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, CEP, Ilhéus, Bahia, Braz il
- Setor de Fisiologia Vegetal, LMGV, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Weverton Pereira Rodrigues
- Setor de Fisiologia Vegetal, LMGV, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Katherine Ruas Fraga
- Setor de Fisiologia Vegetal, LMGV, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Altino Machado Filho
- Setor de Fisiologia Vegetal, LMGV, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Rangel da Silva
- Setor de Fisiologia Vegetal, LMGV, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico, Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mara Menezes de Assis-Gomes
- Setor de Fisiologia Vegetal, LMGV, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Peter M Gresshoff
- Integrative Legume Research Group, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Eliemar Campostrini
- Setor de Fisiologia Vegetal, LMGV, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Syska C, Brouquisse R, Alloing G, Pauly N, Frendo P, Bosseno M, Dupont L, Boscari A. Molecular Weapons Contribute to Intracellular Rhizobia Accommodation Within Legume Host Cell. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1496. [PMID: 31850013 PMCID: PMC6902015 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between legumes and bacteria of rhizobia type results in a beneficial symbiotic relationship characterized by the formation of new root organs, called nodules. Within these nodules the bacteria, released in plant cells, differentiate into bacteroids and fix atmospheric nitrogen through the nitrogenase activity. This mutualistic interaction has evolved sophisticated signaling networks to allow rhizobia entry, colonization, bacteroid differentiation and persistence in nodules. Nodule cysteine rich (NCR) peptides, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules produced by the host plants or bacterial microsymbionts have a major role in the control of the symbiotic interaction. These molecules described as weapons in pathogenic interactions have evolved to participate to the intracellular bacteroid accommodation by escaping control of plant innate immunity and adapt the functioning of the nitrogen-fixation to environmental signalling cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Syska
- Université Côte d’Azur, INRA, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Pauly
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, INRA, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Pierre Frendo
- Université Côte d’Azur, INRA, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Marc Bosseno
- Université Côte d’Azur, INRA, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Laurence Dupont
- Université Côte d’Azur, INRA, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France
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Schwember AR, Schulze J, Del Pozo A, Cabeza RA. Regulation of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Legume Root Nodules. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E333. [PMID: 31489914 PMCID: PMC6784058 DOI: 10.3390/plants8090333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In most legume nodules, the di-nitrogen (N2)-fixing rhizobia are present as organelle-like structures inside their root host cells. Many processes operate and interact within the symbiotic relationship between plants and nodules, including nitrogen (N)/carbon (C) metabolisms, oxygen flow through nodules, oxidative stress, and phosphorous (P) levels. These processes, which influence the regulation of N2 fixation and are finely tuned on a whole-plant basis, are extensively reviewed in this paper. The carbonic anhydrase (CA)-phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC)-malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is a key pathway inside nodules involved in this regulation, and malate seems to play a crucial role in many aspects of symbiotic N2 fixation control. How legumes specifically sense N-status and how this stimulates all of the regulatory factors are key issues for understanding N2 fixation regulation on a whole-plant basis. This must be thoroughly studied in the future since there is no unifying theory that explains all of the aspects involved in regulating N2 fixation rates to date. Finally, high-throughput functional genomics and molecular tools (i.e., miRNAs) are currently very valuable for the identification of many regulatory elements that are good candidates for accurately dissecting the particular N2 fixation control mechanisms associated with physiological responses to abiotic stresses. In combination with existing information, utilizing these abundant genetic molecular tools will enable us to identify the specific mechanisms underlying the regulation of N2 fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés R Schwember
- Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 306-22, Chile.
| | - Joachim Schulze
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Alejandro Del Pozo
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
| | - Ricardo A Cabeza
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
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Berger A, Boscari A, Frendo P, Brouquisse R. Nitric oxide signaling, metabolism and toxicity in nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4505-4520. [PMID: 30968126 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between legumes and rhizobia lead to the establishment of a symbiotic relationship characterized by the formation of a new organ, the nodule, which facilitates the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) by nitrogenase through the creation of a hypoxic environment. Significant amounts of nitric oxide (NO) accumulate at different stages of nodule development, suggesting that NO performs specific signaling and/or metabolic functions during symbiosis. NO, which regulates nodule gene expression, accumulates to high levels in hypoxic nodules. NO accumulation is considered to assist energy metabolism within the hypoxic environment of the nodule via a phytoglobin-NO-mediated respiration process. NO is a potent inhibitor of the activity of nitrogenase and other plant and bacterial enzymes, acting as a developmental signal in the induction of nodule senescence. Hence, key questions concern the relative importance of the signaling and metabolic functions of NO versus its toxic action and how NO levels are regulated to be compatible with nitrogen fixation functions. This review analyses these paradoxical roles of NO at various stages of symbiosis, and highlights the role of plant phytoglobins and bacterial hemoproteins in the control of NO accumulation.
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119
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Zou H, Zhang NN, Pan Q, Zhang JH, Chen J, Wei GH. Hydrogen Sulfide Promotes Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean-Rhizobia Symbiotic System. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:972-985. [PMID: 31204904 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-19-0003-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The rhizobium-legume symbiotic system is crucial for nitrogen cycle balance in agriculture. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous signaling molecule, may regulate various physiological processes in plants. However, whether H2S has regulatory effect in this symbiotic system remains unknown. Herein, we investigated the possible role of H2S in the symbiosis between soybean (Glycine max) and rhizobium (Sinorhizobium fredii). Our results demonstrated that an exogenous H2S donor (sodium hydrosulfide [NaHS]) treatment promoted soybean growth, nodulation, and nitrogenase (Nase) activity. Western blotting analysis revealed that the abundance of Nase component nifH was increased by NaHS treatment in nodules. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction data showed that NaHS treatment upregulated the expressions of symbiosis-related genes nodA, nodC, and nodD of S. fredii. In addition, expression of soybean nodulation marker genes, including early nodulin 40 (GmENOD40), ERF required for nodulation (GmERN), nodulation signaling pathway 2b (GmNSP2b), and nodulation inception genes (GmNIN1a, GmNIN2a, and GmNIN2b), were upregulated. Moreover, the expressions of glutamate synthase (GmGOGAT), asparagine synthase (GmAS), nitrite reductase (GmNiR), ammonia transporter (GmSAT1), leghemoglobin (GmLb), and nifH involved in nitrogen metabolism were upregulated in NaHS-treated soybean roots and nodules. Together, our results suggested that H2S may act as a positive signaling molecule in the soybean-rhizobia symbiotic system and enhance the system's nitrogen fixation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zou
- 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
- 2Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Ni-Na Zhang
- 3State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Qing Pan
- 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
- 2Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- 4School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- 5Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Juan Chen
- 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
- 3State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
- 4School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ge-Hong Wei
- 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
- 2Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
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Wang Y, Yang W, Zuo Y, Zhu L, Hastwell AH, Chen L, Tian Y, Su C, Ferguson BJ, Li X. GmYUC2a mediates auxin biosynthesis during root development and nodulation in soybean. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3165-3176. [PMID: 30958883 PMCID: PMC6598056 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Auxin plays central roles in rhizobial infection and nodule development in legumes. However, the sources of auxin during nodulation are unknown. In this study, we analyzed the YUCCA (YUC) gene family of soybean and identified GmYUC2a as an important regulator of auxin biosynthesis that modulates nodulation. Following rhizobial infection, GmYUC2a exhibited increased expression in various nodule tissues. Overexpression of GmYUC2a (35S::GmYUC2a) increased auxin production in soybean, resulting in severe growth defects in root hairs and root development. Upon rhizobial infection, 35S::GmYUC2a hairy roots displayed altered patterns of root hair deformation and nodule formation. Root hair deformation occurred mainly on primary roots, and nodules formed exclusively on primary roots of 35S::GmYUC2a plants. Moreover, transgenic 35S::GmYUC2a composite plants showed delayed nodule development and a reduced number of nodules. Our results suggest that GmYUC2a plays an important role in regulating both root growth and nodulation by modulating auxin balance in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yanyan Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - April H Hastwell
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Liang Chen
- Key State Laboratory of Plant Cell & Chromosome Engineering, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yinping Tian
- Key State Laboratory of Plant Cell & Chromosome Engineering, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Brett J Ferguson
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
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Wang S, Lu T, Xue Q, Xu K, Cheng G. Antioxidation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation function of prxA gene in Mesorhizobium huakuii. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e889. [PMID: 31177643 PMCID: PMC6813433 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) play an essential role in the antioxidant activity and symbiotic capacity of Mesorhizobium huakuii. A mutation in the M. huakuii prxA gene (encoding a Prx5‐like peroxiredoxin) was generated by homologous recombination. The mutation of prxA did not affect M. huakuii growth, but the strain displayed decreased antioxidative capacity under organic cumene hydroperoxide (CUOOH) conditions. The higher resistance of the prxA mutant strain compared with the wild‐type strain to more than 1 mmol/L H2O2 was associated with a significantly higher level of glutathione reductase activity and a significantly lower level of intracellular hydrogen peroxide content. Real‐time quantitative PCR showed that under 1 mmol/L H2O2 conditions, expression of the stress‐responsive genes katG and katE was significantly upregulated in the prxA mutant. Although the prxA mutant can form nodules, the symbiotic ability was severely impaired, which led to an abnormal nodulation phenotype coupled to a 53.25% reduction in nitrogen fixation capacity. This phenotype was linked to an absence of bacteroid differentiation and deregulation of the transcription of the symbiotic genes nifH, nifD, and fdxN. Expression of the prxA gene was induced during symbiosis. Thus, the PrxA protein is essential for antioxidant capacity and symbiotic nitrogen fixation, playing independent roles in bacterial differentiation and cellular antioxidative systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tiantian Lu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Xu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guojun Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Resources and Utilization of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Zhang Z, Ke D, Hu M, Zhang C, Deng L, Li Y, Li J, Zhao H, Cheng L, Wang L, Yuan H. Quantitative phosphoproteomic analyses provide evidence for extensive phosphorylation of regulatory proteins in the rhizobia-legume symbiosis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:265-283. [PMID: 30989446 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in root nodules of grain legumes is essential for high yielding. Protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation plays important role in root nodule development. Differences in the phosphoproteomes may either be developmental specific and related to nitrogen fixation activity. An iTRAQ-based quantitative phosphoproteomic analyses during nodule development enables identification of specific phosphorylation signaling in the Lotus-rhizobia symbiosis. During evolution, legumes (Fabaceae) have evolved a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia, which fix atmospheric nitrogen and produce ammonia that host plants can then absorb. Root nodule development depends on the activation of protein phosphorylation-mediated signal transduction cascades. To investigate possible molecular mechanisms of protein modulation during nodule development, we used iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analyses to identify root phosphoproteins during rhizobial colonization and infection of Lotus japonicus. 1154 phosphoproteins with 2957 high-confidence phosphorylation sites were identified. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of functional groups of these genes revealed that the biological processes mediated by these proteins included cellular processes, signal transduction, and transporter activity. Quantitative data highlighted the dynamics of protein phosphorylation during nodule development and, based on regulatory trends, seven groups were identified. RNA splicing and brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathways were extensively affected by phosphorylation, and most Ser/Arg-rich (SR) proteins were multiply phosphorylated. In addition, many proposed kinase-substrate pairs were predicted, and in these MAPK6 substrates were found to be highly enriched. This study offers insights into the regulatory processes underlying nodule development, provides an accessible resource cataloging the phosphorylation status of thousands of Lotus proteins during nodule development, and develops our understanding of post-translational regulatory mechanisms in the Lotus-rhizobia symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaibao Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Danxia Ke
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Menghui Hu
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Lijun Deng
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Yuting Li
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Jiuli Li
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China.
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China.
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China.
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China.
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Lei Y, Su S, He L, Hu X, Luo D. A member of the ALOG gene family has a novel role in regulating nodulation in Lotus japonicus. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:463-477. [PMID: 30129698 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Legumes can control the number of symbiotic nodules that form on their roots, thus balancing nitrogen assimilation and energy consumption. Two major pathways participate in nodulation: the Nod factor (NF) signaling pathway which involves recognition of rhizobial bacteria by root cells and promotion of nodulation, and the autoregulation of nodulation (AON) pathway which involves long-distance negative feedback between roots and shoots. Although a handful of genes have a clear role in the maintenance of nodule number, additional unknown factors may also be involved in this process. Here, we identify a novel function for a Lotus japonicus ALOG (Arabidopsis LSH1 and Oryza G1) family member, LjALOG1, involved in positively regulating nodulation. LjALOG1 expression increased substantially after inoculation with rhizobia, with high levels of expression in whole nodule primordia and in the base of developing nodules. The ljalog1 mutants, which have an insertion of the LORE1 retroelement in LjALOG1, had significantly fewer nodules compared with wild type, along with increased expression of LjCLE-RS1 (L. japonicus CLE Root Signal 1), which encodes a nodulation suppressor in the AON pathway. In summary, our findings identified a novel factor that participates in controlling nodulation, possibly by suppressing the AON pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shihao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Liang He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaohe Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Da Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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124
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Roy Choudhury S, Johns SM, Pandey S. A convenient, soil-free method for the production of root nodules in soybean to study the effects of exogenous additives. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00135. [PMID: 31245773 PMCID: PMC6589526 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Legumes develop root nodules that harbor endosymbiotic bacteria, rhizobia. These rhizobia convert nitrogen to ammonia by biological nitrogen fixation. A thorough understanding of the biological nitrogen fixation in legumes and its regulation is key to develop sustainable agriculture. It is well known that plant hormones affect nodule formation; however, most studies are limited to model legumes due to their suitability for in vitro, plate-based assays. Specifically, it is almost impossible to measure the effects of exogenous hormones or other additives during nodule development in crop legumes such as soybean as they have huge root system in soil. To circumvent this issue, the present research develops suitable media and growth conditions for efficient nodule development under in vitro, soil-free conditions in an important legume crop, soybean. Moreover, we also evaluate the effects of all major phytohormones on soybean nodule development under identical growing conditions. Phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) had an overall inhibitory effect and those such as gibberellic acid (GA) or brassinosteroids (BRs) had an overall positive effect on nodule formation. This versatile, inexpensive, scalable, and simple protocol provides several advantages over previously established methods. It is extremely time- and resource-efficient, does not require special training or equipment, and produces highly reproducible results. The approach is expandable to other large legumes as well as for other exogenous additives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sona Pandey
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMissouri
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Mamenko TP, Khomenko YO, Kots SY. Influence of fungicides on activities of enzymes of phenolic metabolism in the early stages of formation and functioning of soybean symbiotic apparatus. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.15421/021917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of complex seed treatment with fungicides and rhizobium culture on the activity of phenolic metabolism enzymes – polyphenol oxidase and guaiacol peroxidase in the early stages of the formation and functioning of various symbiotic systems Glycine max – Bradyrhizobium japonicum. In the research we used microbiological, physiological, biochemical methods, gas chromatography and spectrophotometry. The objects of the study were selected symbiotic systems formed with the participation of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), Diamond variety, strains Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b (active, virulent) and 604k (inactive, highly virulent) and fungicides Maxim XL 035 PS (fludioxonil, 25 g/L, metalaxyl, 10 g/L), and Standak Top (fipronil, 250 g/L, thiophanate methyl, 225 g/L, piraclostrobin, 25 g/L). Before sowing, the seeds of soybean were treated with solutions of fungicides, calculated on the basis of one rate of expenditure of the active substance of each preparation indicated by the producer per ton of seed. One part of the seeds treated with fungicides was inoculated with rhizobium culture for 1 h (the titre of bacteria was 108 cells in 1 ml). The other part of the fungicide-treated seeds was not inoculated by rhizobium culture. As a result of the research, it was revealed that an effective symbiotic system formed with the participation of soybean plants and the active strain rhizobia 634b is characterized by a high level of polyphenol oxidase activity and low guaiacol peroxidase in roots and root nodules in the stages of second and third true leaves. Such changes in the activity of enzymes occurred along with the formation of nodules which actively fixed the molecular nitrogen of the atmosphere. An ineffective symbiotic system (strain 604k) is characterized by an elevated level of polyphenol oxidase activity in the roots and guaiacol peroxidase in the root nodules, which is accompanied by activation of the process of nodulation. Treatment of soybean seeds with fungicides in an effective symbiotic system leads to a change in the activity of the enzymes of the phenolic metabolism, which induced adaptive changes in plant metabolism and growth of nitrogenase activity of the root nodules. The recorded changes in the activity of both enzymes for the action of fungicides in the ineffective symbiotic system can be considered as a kind of response of the plant to the treatment and were observed along with the reduction of the processes of nodulation into the stage of the third true leaf.
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Sańko-Sawczenko I, Łotocka B, Mielecki J, Rekosz-Burlaga H, Czarnocka W. Transcriptomic Changes in Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus Root Nodules during Drought Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1204. [PMID: 30857310 PMCID: PMC6429210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the major environmental factors limiting biomass and seed yield production in agriculture. In this research, we focused on plants from the Fabaceae family, which has a unique ability for the establishment of symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and are relatively susceptible to water limitation. We have presented the changes in nitrogenase activity and global gene expression occurring in Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus root nodules during water deficit. Our results proved a decrease in the efficiency of nitrogen fixation, as well as extensive changes in plant and bacterial transcriptomes, shortly after watering cessation. We showed for the first time that not only symbiotic plant components but also Sinorhizobium meliloti and Mesorhizobium loti bacteria residing in the root nodules of M. truncatula and L. japonicus, respectively, adjust their gene expression in response to water shortage. Although our results demonstrated that both M. truncatula and L. japonicus root nodules were susceptible to water deprivation, they indicated significant differences in plant and bacterial response to drought between the tested species, which might be related to the various types of root nodules formed by these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sańko-Sawczenko
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Barbara Łotocka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jakub Mielecki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Hanna Rekosz-Burlaga
- Department of Microbial Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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Alaswad AA, Oehrle NW, Krishnan HB. Classical Soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr) Symbionts, Sinorhizobium fredii USDA191 and Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110, Reveal Contrasting Symbiotic Phenotype on Pigeon Pea ( Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1091. [PMID: 30832430 PMCID: PMC6429105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh) is cultivated widely in semiarid agricultural regions in over 90 countries around the world. This important legume can enter into symbiotic associations with a wide range of rhizobia including Bradyrhizobium and fast-growing rhizobia. In comparison with other major legumes such as soybean and common bean, only limited information is available on the symbiotic interaction of pigeon pea with rhizobia. In this study, we investigated the ability of two classical soybean symbionts-S. fredii USDA191 and B. diazoefficiens USDA110-and their type 3 secretion system (T3SS) mutants, to nodulate pigeon pea. Both S. fredii USDA191 and a T3SS mutant S. fredii RCB26 formed nitrogen-fixing nodules on pigeon pea. Inoculation of pigeon pea roots with B. diazoefficiens USDA110 and B. diazoefficiens Δ136 (a T3SS mutant) resulted in the formation of Fix- and Fix+ nodules, respectively. Light and transmission electron microscopy of Fix- nodules initiated by B. diazoefficiens USDA110 revealed the complete absence of rhizobia within these nodules. In contrast, Fix+ nodules formed by B. diazoefficiens Δ136 revealed a central region that was completely filled with rhizobia. Ultrastructural investigation revealed the presence of numerous bacteroids surrounded by peribacteroid membranes in the infected cells. Analysis of nodule proteins by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that leghemoglobin was absent in B. diazoefficiens USDA110 nodules, while it was abundantly present in B. diazoefficiens Δ136 nodules. Results of competitive nodulation assays indicated that B. diazoefficiens Δ136 had greater competitiveness for nodulation on pigeon pea than did the wild type strain. Our results suggest that this T3SS mutant of B. diazoefficiens, due to its greater competitiveness and ability to form Fix+ nodules, could be exploited as a potential inoculant to boost pigeon pea productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A Alaswad
- Plant Science Division, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
- King Abdul Aziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nathan W Oehrle
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Hari B Krishnan
- Plant Science Division, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Fernandez-Göbel TF, Deanna R, Muñoz NB, Robert G, Asurmendi S, Lascano R. Redox Systemic Signaling and Induced Tolerance Responses During Soybean- Bradyrhizobium japonicum Interaction: Involvement of Nod Factor Receptor and Autoregulation of Nodulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:141. [PMID: 30828341 PMCID: PMC6384266 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The symbiotic relationship between legumes and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia induces local and systemic responses, which ultimately lead to nodule formation. The autoregulation of nodulation (AON) is a systemic mechanism related to innate immunity that controls nodule development and involves different components ranging from hormones, peptides, receptors to small RNAs. Here, we characterized a rapid systemic redox changes induced during soybean-Bradyrhizobium japonicum symbiotic interaction. A transient peak of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was found in soybean leaves after 30 min of root inoculation with B. japonicum. The ROS response was accompanied by changes in the redox state of glutathione and by activation of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, the ROS peak and antioxidant enzyme activation were abolished in leaves by the addition, in either root or leaf, of DPI, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor. Likewise, these systemic redox changes primed the plant increasing its tolerance to photooxidative stress. With the use of non-nodulating nfr5-mutant and hyper-nodulating nark-mutant soybean plants, we subsequently studied the systemic redox changes. The nfr5-mutant lacked the systemic redox changes after inoculation, whereas the nark-mutant showed a similar redox systemic signaling than the wild type plants. However, neither nfr5- nor nark-mutant exhibited tolerance to photooxidative stress condition. Altogether, these results demonstrated that (i) the early redox systemic signaling during symbiotic interaction depends on a Nod factor receptor, and that (ii) the induced tolerance response depends on the AON mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeo F. Fernandez-Göbel
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rocío Deanna
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nacira B. Muñoz
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Germán Robert
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Asurmendi
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Lascano
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Damodaran S, Dubois A, Xie J, Ma Q, Hindié V, Subramanian S. GmZPR3d Interacts with GmHD-ZIP III Proteins and Regulates Soybean Root and Nodule Vascular Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E827. [PMID: 30769886 PMCID: PMC6412583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabaceans produce two major classes of symbiotic nodules: the indeterminate type characterized by a persistent meristem, and the determinate type that lacks a persistent meristem. The class III homeodomain leucine zipper (HD-ZIP III) transcription factor family influence development of multiple lateral organs and meristem maintenance, but their role in determinate nodule development is not known. HD-ZIP III protein activity is post-translationally regulated by members of the small leucine zipper protein (ZPR) family in arabidopsis. We characterized the ZPR gene family in soybean and evaluated their ability to interact with two key members of GmHD-ZIP III family through yeast two-hybrid assays. GmZPR3d displayed the strongest interaction with GmHD-ZIP III-2 among the different pairs evaluated. GmHD-ZIP III-1, -2, and GmZPR3d showed overlapping expression patterns in the root stele and in nodule parenchyma tissues. Over-expression of GmZPR3d resulted in ectopic root secondary xylem formation, and enhanced expression of vessel-specific master switch genes in soybean. The nodules in ZPR3d over-expressing roots were larger in size, had a relatively larger central zone and displayed increased nodule vascular branching. The results from this study point to a key role for GmZPR3d in soybean root and nodule development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Damodaran
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
- Department of Biology, Washington Univeristy in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Amélie Dubois
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, BP32607 Auzeville-Tolosane, France.
| | - Juan Xie
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Valérie Hindié
- Hybrigenics Services, 3-5 Impasse Reille, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Senthil Subramanian
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
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130
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Cherni AE, Perret X. Deletion of rRNA Operons of Sinorhizobium fredii Strain NGR234 and Impact on Symbiosis With Legumes. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:154. [PMID: 30814981 PMCID: PMC6381291 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During their lifecycle, from free-living soil bacteria to endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteroids of legumes, rhizobia must colonize, and cope with environments where nutrient concentrations and compositions vary greatly. Bacterial colonization of legume rhizospheres and of root surfaces is subject to a fierce competition for plant exudates. By contrast root nodules offer to rhizobia sheltered nutrient-rich environments within which the cells that successfully propagated via infection threads can rapidly multiply. To explore the effects on symbiosis of a slower rhizobia growth and metabolism, we deleted one or two copies of the three functional rRNA operons of the promiscuous Sinorhizobium fredii strain NGR234 and examined the impact of these mutations on free-living and symbiotic lifestyles. Strains with two functional rRNA operons (NGRΔrRNA1 and NGRΔrRNA3) grew almost as rapidly as NGR234, and NGRΔrRNA1 was as proficient as the parent strain on all of the five legume species tested. By contrast, the NGRΔrRNA1,3 double mutant, which carried a single rRNA operon and grew significantly slower than NGR234, had a reduced symbiotic proficiency on Cajanus cajan, Macroptilium atropurpureum, Tephrosia vogelii, and Vigna unguiculata. In addition, while NGRΔrRNA1 and NGR234 equally competed for nodulation of V. unguiculata, strain NGRΔrRNA1,3 was clearly outcompeted by wild-type. Surprisingly, on Leucaena leucocephala, NGRΔrRNA1,3 was the most proficient strain and competed equally NGR234 for nodule occupation. Together, these results indicate that for strains with otherwise identical repertoires of symbiotic genes, a faster growth on roots and/or inside plant tissues may contribute to secure access to nodules of some hosts. By contrast, other legumes such as L. leucocephala appear as less selective and capable of providing symbiotic environments susceptible to accommodate strains with a broader spectrum of competences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala Eddine Cherni
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Perret
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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131
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Hernández-López A, Díaz M, Rodríguez-López J, Guillén G, Sánchez F, Díaz-Camino C. Uncovering Bax inhibitor-1 dual role in the legume-rhizobia symbiosis in common bean roots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1049-1061. [PMID: 30462254 PMCID: PMC6363093 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bax-inhibitor 1 (BI-1) is a cell death suppressor conserved in all eukaryotes that modulates cell death in response to abiotic stress and pathogen attack in plants. However, little is known about its role in the establishment of symbiotic interactions. Here, we demonstrate the functional relevance of an Arabidopsis thaliana BI-1 homolog (PvBI-1a) to symbiosis between the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Rhizobium tropici. We show that the changes in expression of PvBI-1a observed during early symbiosis resemble those of some defence response-related proteins. By using gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we demonstrate that the overexpression of PvBI-1a in the roots of common bean increases the number of rhizobial infection events (and therefore the final number of nodules per root), but induces the premature death of nodule cells, affecting their nitrogen fixation efficiency. Nodule morphological alterations are known to be associated with changes in the expression of genes tied to defence, autophagy, and vesicular trafficking. Results obtained in the present work suggest that BI-1 has a dual role in the regulation of programmed cell death during symbiosis, extending our understanding of its critical function in the modulation of host immunity while responding to beneficial microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandrina Hernández-López
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jonathan Rodríguez-López
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Guillén
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Federico Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Claudia Díaz-Camino
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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132
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Yang Q, Yang Y, Xu R, Lv H, Liao H. Genetic Analysis and Mapping of QTLs for Soybean Biological Nitrogen Fixation Traits Under Varied Field Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:75. [PMID: 30774643 PMCID: PMC6367678 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is an important economic and green manure crop that is widely used in intercropping and rotation systems due to its high biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) capacity and the resulting reduction in N fertilization. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying soybean BNF are largely unknown. Here, two soybean parent genotypes contrasting in BNF traits and 168 F9:11 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were evaluated under four conditions in the field. The parent FC1 always produced more big nodules, yet fewer nodules in total than the parent FC2 in the field. Furthermore, nodulation in FC1 was more responsive to environmental changes than that in FC2. Broad-sense heritability (h2 b ) for all BNF traits varied from 0.48 to 0.87, which suggests that variation in the observed BNF traits was primarily determined by genotype. Moreover, two new QTLs for BNF traits, qBNF-16 and qBNF-17, were identified in this study. The qBNF-16 locus was detected under all of the four tested conditions, where it explained 15.9-59.0% of phenotypic variation with LOD values of 6.31-32.5. Meanwhile qBNF-17 explained 12.6-18.6% of observed variation with LOD values of 4.93-7.51. Genotype group analysis indicated that the FC1 genotype of qBNF-16 primarily affected nodule size (NS), while the FC2 genotype of qBNF-16 promoted nodule number (NN). On the other hand, the FC1 genotype of qBNF-17 influenced NN and the FC2 genotype of qBNF-17 impacted NS. The results on the whole suggest that these two QTLs might be valuable markers for breeding elite soybean varieties with high BNF capacities.
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Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli carrying the hybrid acetone-biosynthesis pathway for efficient acetone biosynthesis from acetate. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:6. [PMID: 30642338 PMCID: PMC6330746 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The shortage of food based feedstocks has been one of the stumbling blocks in industrial biomanufacturing. The acetone bioproduction from the traditional acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation is limited by the non-specificity of products and competitive utilization of food-based substrates. Using genetically modified Escherichia coli to produce acetone as sole product from the cost-effective non-food based substrates showed great potential to overcome these problems. Results A novel acetone biosynthetic pathway were constructed based on genes from Clostridium acetobutylicum (thlA encoding for thiolase, adc encoding for acetoacetate decarboxylase, ctfAB encoding for coenzyme A transferase) and Escherichia coli MG1655 (atoB encoding acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, atoDA encoding for acetyl-CoA: acetoacetyl-CoA transferase subunit α and β). Among these constructs, one recombinant MG1655 derivative containing the hybrid pathway consisting of thlA, atoDA, and adc, produced the highest level of acetone from acetate. Reducing the gluconeogenesis pathway had little effect on acetone production, while blocking the TCA cycle by knocking out the icdA gene enhanced the yield of acetone significantly. As a result, acetone concentration increased up to 113.18 mM in 24 h by the resting cell culture coupling with gas-stripping methods. Conclusions An engineered E. coli strain with optimized hybrid acetone biosynthetic pathway can utilize acetate as substrate efficiently to synthesize acetone without other non-gas byproducts. It provides a potential method for industrial biomanufacturing of acetone by engineered E. coli strains from non-food based substrate. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-019-1054-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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134
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Sańko-Sawczenko I, Dmitruk D, Łotocka B, Różańska E, Czarnocka W. Expression Analysis of PIN Genes in Root Tips and Nodules of Lotus japonicus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E235. [PMID: 30634426 PMCID: PMC6359356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Auxins are postulated to be one of the pivotal factors in nodulation. However, their transporters in Lotus japonicus, the model species for the study of the development of determinate-type root nodules, have been scarcely described so far, and thus their role in nodulation has remained unknown. Our research is the first focusing on polar auxin transporters in L. japonicus. We analyzed and compared expression of PINs in 20 days post rhizobial inoculation (dpi) and 54 dpi root nodules of L. japonicus by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) along with the histochemical β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene assay in transgenic hairy roots. The results indicate that LjPINs are essential during root nodule development since they are predominantly expressed in the primordia and young, developing nodules. However, along with differentiation, expression levels of several PINs decreased and occurred particularly in the nodule vascular bundles, especially in connection with the root's stele. Moreover, our study demonstrated the importance of both polar auxin transport and auxin intracellular homeostasis during L. japonicus root nodule development and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sańko-Sawczenko
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominika Dmitruk
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Barbara Łotocka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Różańska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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135
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Kafle A, Garcia K, Wang X, Pfeffer PE, Strahan GD, Bücking H. Nutrient demand and fungal access to resources control the carbon allocation to the symbiotic partners in tripartite interactions of Medicago truncatula. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:270-284. [PMID: 29859016 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Legumes form tripartite interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia, and both root symbionts exchange nutrients against carbon from their host. The carbon costs of these interactions are substantial, but our current understanding of how the host controls its carbon allocation to individual root symbionts is limited. We examined nutrient uptake and carbon allocation in tripartite interactions of Medicago truncatula under different nutrient supply conditions, and when the fungal partner had access to nitrogen, and followed the gene expression of several plant transporters of the Sucrose Uptake Transporter (SUT) and Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) family. Tripartite interactions led to synergistic growth responses and stimulated the phosphate and nitrogen uptake of the plant. Plant nutrient demand but also fungal access to nutrients played an important role for the carbon transport to different root symbionts, and the plant allocated more carbon to rhizobia under nitrogen demand, but more carbon to the fungal partner when nitrogen was available. These changes in carbon allocation were consistent with changes in the SUT and SWEET expression. Our study provides important insights into how the host plant controls its carbon allocation under different nutrient supply conditions and changes its carbon allocation to different root symbionts to maximize its symbiotic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Kafle
- South Dakota State University, Biology and Microbiology Department, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Kevin Garcia
- South Dakota State University, Biology and Microbiology Department, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Xiurong Wang
- South Dakota State University, Biology and Microbiology Department, Brookings, South Dakota
- South China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Root Biology Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Philip E Pfeffer
- Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, Pennslyvania
| | - Gary D Strahan
- Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, Pennslyvania
| | - Heike Bücking
- South Dakota State University, Biology and Microbiology Department, Brookings, South Dakota
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136
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Ferguson BJ, Mens C, Hastwell AH, Zhang M, Su H, Jones CH, Chu X, Gresshoff PM. Legume nodulation: The host controls the party. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:41-51. [PMID: 29808564 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Global demand to increase food production and simultaneously reduce synthetic nitrogen fertilizer inputs in agriculture are underpinning the need to intensify the use of legume crops. The symbiotic relationship that legume plants establish with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia bacteria is central to their advantage. This plant-microbe interaction results in newly developed root organs, called nodules, where the rhizobia convert atmospheric nitrogen gas into forms of nitrogen the plant can use. However, the process of developing and maintaining nodules is resource intensive; hence, the plant tightly controls the number of nodules forming. A variety of molecular mechanisms are used to regulate nodule numbers under both favourable and stressful growing conditions, enabling the plant to conserve resources and optimize development in response to a range of circumstances. Using genetic and genomic approaches, many components acting in the regulation of nodulation have now been identified. Discovering and functionally characterizing these components can provide genetic targets and polymorphic markers that aid in the selection of superior legume cultivars and rhizobia strains that benefit agricultural sustainability and food security. This review addresses recent findings in nodulation control, presents detailed models of the molecular mechanisms driving these processes, and identifies gaps in these processes that are not yet fully explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett J Ferguson
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Céline Mens
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - April H Hastwell
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mengbai Zhang
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Huanan Su
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life and Environmental Science, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Candice H Jones
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xitong Chu
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter M Gresshoff
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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137
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Kaur H, Peel A, Acosta K, Gebril S, Ortega JL, Sengupta‐Gopalan C. Comparison of alfalfa plants overexpressing glutamine synthetase with those overexpressing sucrose phosphate synthase demonstrates a signaling mechanism integrating carbon and nitrogen metabolism between the leaves and nodules. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00115. [PMID: 31245757 PMCID: PMC6508842 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa, like other legumes, establishes a symbiotic relationship with the soil bacteria, Sinorhizobium meliloti, which results in the formation of the root nodules. Nodules contain the bacteria enclosed in a membrane-bound vesicle, the symbiosome where it fixes atmospheric N2 and converts it into ammonia using the bacterial enzyme, nitrogenase. The ammonia released into the cytoplasm from the symbiosome is assimilated into glutamine (Gln) using carbon skeletons produced by the metabolism of sucrose (Suc), which is imported into the nodules from the leaves. The key enzyme involved in the synthesis of Suc in the leaves is sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and glutamine synthetase (GS) is the enzyme with a role in ammonia assimilation in the root nodules. Alfalfa plants, overexpressing SPS or GS, or both showed increased growth and an increase in nodule function. The endogenous genes for the key enzymes in C/N metabolism showed increased expression in the nodules of both sets of transformants. Furthermore, the endogenous SPS and GS genes were also induced in the leaves and nodules of the transformants, irrespective of the transgene, suggesting that the two classes of plants share a common signaling pathway regulating C/N metabolism in the nodules. This study reaffirms the utility of the nodulated legume plant to study C/N interaction and the cross talk between the source and sink for C and N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmanpreet Kaur
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew Mexico
| | - Amanda Peel
- Department of Learning, Teaching and CurriculumUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri
| | - Karen Acosta
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Sayed Gebril
- Department of HorticultureSohag UniversitySohagEgypt
| | - Jose Luis Ortega
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew Mexico
| | - Champa Sengupta‐Gopalan
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew Mexico
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138
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Foyer CH, Siddique KHM, Tai APK, Anders S, Fodor N, Wong FL, Ludidi N, Chapman MA, Ferguson BJ, Considine MJ, Zabel F, Prasad PVV, Varshney RK, Nguyen HT, Lam HM. Modelling predicts that soybean is poised to dominate crop production across Africa. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:373-385. [PMID: 30329164 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The superior agronomic and human nutritional properties of grain legumes (pulses) make them an ideal foundation for future sustainable agriculture. Legume-based farming is particularly important in Africa, where small-scale agricultural systems dominate the food production landscape. Legumes provide an inexpensive source of protein and nutrients to African households as well as natural fertilization for the soil. Although the consumption of traditionally grown legumes has started to decline, the production of soybeans (Glycine max Merr.) is spreading fast, especially across southern Africa. Predictions of future land-use allocation and production show that the soybean is poised to dominate future production across Africa. Land use models project an expansion of harvest area, whereas crop models project possible yield increases. Moreover, a seed change in farming strategy is underway. This is being driven largely by the combined cash crop value of products such as oils and the high nutritional benefits of soybean as an animal feed. Intensification of soybean production has the potential to reduce the dependence of Africa on soybean imports. However, a successful "soybean bonanza" across Africa necessitates an intensive research, development, extension, and policy agenda to ensure that soybean genetic improvements and production technology meet future demands for sustainable production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amos P K Tai
- Earth System Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Sven Anders
- Department of Resource Economics and Environmental Sociology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nándor Fodor
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Agricultural Institute, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Fuk-Ling Wong
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ndiko Ludidi
- Department of Biotechnology and the DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Food Security, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Mark A Chapman
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Brett J Ferguson
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael J Considine
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Florian Zabel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - P V Vara Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Henry T Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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139
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Hastwell AH, Corcilius L, Williams JT, Gresshoff PM, Payne RJ, Ferguson BJ. Triarabinosylation is required for nodulation-suppressive CLE peptides to systemically inhibit nodulation in Pisum sativum. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:188-197. [PMID: 29722016 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Legumes form root nodules to house beneficial nitrogen-fixing rhizobia bacteria. However, nodulation is resource demanding; hence, legumes evolved a systemic signalling mechanism called autoregulation of nodulation (AON) to control nodule numbers. AON begins with the production of CLE peptides in the root, which are predicted to be glycosylated, transported to the shoot, and perceived. We synthesized variants of nodulation-suppressing CLE peptides to test their activity using petiole feeding to introduce CLE peptides into the shoot. Hydroxylated, monoarabinosylated, and triarabinosylated variants of soybean GmRIC1a and GmRIC2a were chemically synthesized and fed into recipient Pisum sativum (pea) plants, which were used due to the availability of key AON pathway mutants unavailable in soybean. Triarabinosylated GmRIC1a and GmRIC2a suppressed nodulation of wild-type pea, whereas no other peptide variant tested had this ability. Suppression also occurred in the supernodulating hydroxyproline O-arabinosyltransferase mutant, Psnod3, but not in the supernodulating receptor mutants, Pssym29, and to some extent, Pssym28. During our study, bioinformatic resources for pea became available and our analyses identified 40 CLE peptide-encoding genes, including orthologues of nodulation-suppressive CLE peptides. Collectively, we demonstrated that soybean nodulation-suppressive CLE peptides can function interspecifically in the AON pathway of pea and require arabinosylation for their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- April H Hastwell
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Leo Corcilius
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - James T Williams
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Peter M Gresshoff
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Brett J Ferguson
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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140
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Ferguson BJ, Minamisawa K, Muñoz NB, Lam HM. Editorial: Metabolic Adjustments and Gene Expression Reprogramming for Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Legume Nodules. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:898. [PMID: 31338104 PMCID: PMC6629857 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brett James Ferguson
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Brett James Ferguson
| | | | | | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Center for Soybean Research of The State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Hon-Ming Lam
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141
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A differential k-mer analysis pipeline for comparing RNA-Seq transcriptome and meta-transcriptome datasets without a reference. Funct Integr Genomics 2018; 19:363-371. [PMID: 30483906 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-018-0647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation DNA sequencing technologies, such as RNA-Seq, currently dominate genome-wide gene expression studies. A standard approach to analyse this data requires mapping sequence reads to a reference and counting the number of reads which map to each gene. However, for many transcriptome studies, a suitable reference genome is unavailable, especially for meta-transcriptome studies which assay gene expression from mixed populations of organisms. Where a reference is unavailable, it is possible to generate a reference by the de novo assembly of the sequence reads. However, the high cost of generating high-coverage data for de novo assembly hinders this approach and more importantly the accurate assembly of such data is challenging, especially for meta-transcriptome data, and resulting assemblies frequently suffer from collapsed regions or chimeric sequences. As an alternative to the standard reference mapping approach, we have developed a k-mer-based analysis pipeline (DiffKAP) to identify differentially expressed reads between RNA-Seq datasets without the requirement for a reference. We compared the DiffKAP approach with the traditional Tophat/Cuffdiff method using RNA-Seq data from soybean, which has a suitable reference genome. We subsequently examined differential gene expression for a coral meta-transcriptome where no reference is available, and validated the results using qRT-PCR. We conclude that DiffKAP is an accurate method to study differential gene expression in complex meta-transcriptomes without the requirement of a reference genome.
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142
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Libault M. Transcriptional Reprogramming of Legume Genomes: Perspective and Challenges Associated With Single-Cell and Single Cell-Type Approaches During Nodule Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1600. [PMID: 30467509 PMCID: PMC6237103 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomic approaches revealed thousands of genes differentially or specifically expressed during nodulation, a biological process resulting from the symbiosis between leguminous plant roots and rhizobia, atmospheric nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacteria. Ultimately, nodulation will lead to the development of a new root organ, the nodule. Through functional genomic studies, plant transcriptomes have been used by scientists to reveal plant genes potentially controlling nodulation. However, it is important to acknowledge that the physiology, transcriptomic programs, and biochemical properties of the plant cells involved in nodulation are continuously regulated. They also differ between the different cell-types composing the nodules. To generate a more accurate picture of the transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, and metabolome of the cells infected by rhizobia and cells composing the nodule, there is a need to implement plant single-cell and single cell-types strategies and methods. Accessing such information would allow a better understanding of the infection of plant cells by rhizobia and will help understanding the complex interactions existing between rhizobia and the plant cells. In this mini-review, we are reporting the current knowledge on legume nodulation gained by plant scientists at the level of single cell-types, and provide perspectives on single cell/single cell-type approaches when applied to legume nodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Libault
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Centre for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Center for Root and Rhizobiome Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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143
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Liu H, Sandal N, Andersen KR, James EK, Stougaard J, Kelly S, Kawaharada Y. A genetic screen for plant mutants with altered nodulation phenotypes in response to rhizobial glycan mutants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:526-538. [PMID: 29959893 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nodule primordia induced by rhizobial glycan mutants often remain uninfected. To identify processes involved in infection and organogenesis we used forward genetics to identify plant genes involved in perception and responses to bacterial glycans. To dissect the mechanisms underlying the negative plant responses to the Mesorhizobium loti R7AexoU and ML001cep mutants, a screen for genetic suppressors of the nodulation phenotypes was performed on a chemically mutagenized Lotus population. Two mutant lines formed infected nitrogen-fixing pink nodules, while five mutant lines developed uninfected large white nodules, presumably altered in processes controlling organogenesis. Genetic mapping identified a mutation in the cytokinin receptor Lhk1 resulting in an alanine to valine substitution adjacent to a coiled-coil motif in the juxta-membrane region of LHK1. This results in a spontaneous nodulation phenotype and increased ethylene production. The allele was renamed snf5, and segregation studies of snf5 together with complementation studies suggest that snf5 is a gain-of-function allele. This forward genetic approach to investigate the role of glycans in the pathway synchronizing infection and organogenesis shows that a combination of plant and bacterial genetics opens new possibilities to study glycan responses in plants as well as identification of mutant alleles affecting nodule organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niels Sandal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kasper R Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Euan K James
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Simon Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yasuyuki Kawaharada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Plant BioSciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8-Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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144
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Pfau T, Christian N, Masakapalli SK, Sweetlove LJ, Poolman MG, Ebenhöh O. The intertwined metabolism during symbiotic nitrogen fixation elucidated by metabolic modelling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12504. [PMID: 30131500 PMCID: PMC6104047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30884-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-scale metabolic network models can be used for various analyses including the prediction of metabolic responses to changes in the environment. Legumes are well known for their rhizobial symbiosis that introduces nitrogen into the global nutrient cycle. Here, we describe a fully compartmentalised, mass and charge-balanced, genome-scale model of the clover Medicago truncatula, which has been adopted as a model organism for legumes. We employed flux balance analysis to demonstrate that the network is capable of producing biomass components in experimentally observed proportions, during day and night. By connecting the plant model to a model of its rhizobial symbiont, Sinorhizobium meliloti, we were able to investigate the effects of the symbiosis on metabolic fluxes and plant growth and could demonstrate how oxygen availability influences metabolic exchanges between plant and symbiont, thus elucidating potential benefits of inter organism amino acid cycling. We thus provide a modelling framework, in which the interlinked metabolism of plants and nodules can be studied from a theoretical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pfau
- Institute of Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Nils Christian
- Institute of Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Shyam K Masakapalli
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - Lee J Sweetlove
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark G Poolman
- Department Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Oliver Ebenhöh
- Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences CEPLAS, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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145
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Mens C, Li D, Haaima LE, Gresshoff PM, Ferguson BJ. Local and Systemic Effect of Cytokinins on Soybean Nodulation and Regulation of Their Isopentenyl Transferase ( IPT) Biosynthesis Genes Following Rhizobia Inoculation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1150. [PMID: 30135694 PMCID: PMC6092703 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins are important regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation in plant development. Here, a role for this phytohormone group in soybean nodulation is shown through the exogenous application of cytokinins (6-benzylaminopurine, N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)-adenine and trans-zeatin) via either root drenching or a petiole feeding technique. Overall, nodule numbers were reduced by treatment with high cytokinin concentrations, but increased with lower concentrations. This was especially evident when feeding the solutions directly into the vasculature via petiole feeding. These findings highlight the importance of cytokinin in nodule development. To further investigate the role of cytokinin in controlling nodule numbers, the IPT gene family involved in cytokinin biosynthesis was characterized in soybean. Bioinformatic analyses identified 17 IPT genes in the soybean genome and homeologous duplicate gene partners were subsequently identified including GmIPT5 and GmIPT6, the orthologs of LjIPT3. Expression of GmIPT5 was upregulated in the shoot in response to nodulation, but this was independent of a functional copy of the autoregulation of nodulation (AON) receptor, GmNARK, which suggests it is unlikely to have a role in the negative feedback system called AON. Legumes also control nodule numbers in the presence of soil nitrogen through nitrate-dependent regulation of nodulation, a locally acting pathway in soybean. Upon nitrate treatment to the root, the tandem duplicates GmIPT3 and GmIPT15 were upregulated in expression indicating a role for these genes in the plant's response to soil nitrogen, potentially including the nitrate-dependent regulation of legume nodulation pathway. Additional roles for cytokinin and their IPT biosynthetic genes in nodulation and the control of nodule numbers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Brett J. Ferguson
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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146
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Masson-Boivin C, Sachs JL. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation by rhizobia-the roots of a success story. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 44:7-15. [PMID: 29289792 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
By evolving the dual capacity of intracellular survival and symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes, rhizobia have achieved an ecological and evolutionary success that has reshaped our biosphere. Despite complex challenges, including a dual lifestyle of intracellular infection separated by a free-living phase in soil, rhizobial symbiosis has spread horizontally to hundreds of bacterial species and geographically throughout the globe. This symbiosis has also persisted and been reshaped through millions of years of history. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms, ecological settings, and evolutionary pathways that are collectively responsible for this symbiotic success story. We offer predictions of how this symbiosis can evolve under new influences and for the benefit of a burgeoning human population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel L Sachs
- Department of Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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147
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Xu L, Wang C, Cao W, Zhou S, Wu T. CLAVATA1-type receptor-like kinase CsCLAVATA1 is a putative candidate gene for dwarf mutation in cucumber. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:1393-1405. [PMID: 29971484 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dwarf mutations have played vital roles in elucidating the regulatory molecular mechanisms of plant height. In this study, we identified a mutant named Csdw, whose mutagenesis was induced by ethyl methyl sulfonate in cucumber, and this mutant exhibited a dwarf phenotype with a reduced internode length because of the reduction of cell division in the main stem. The dwarf phenotype of Csdw could be partially rescued through GA3 application, and endogenous GA3 levels from the stem of Csdw decreased distinctly. Genetic analysis showed that Csdw was attributed to a recessive gene. The MutMap and Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR genotyping results revealed that Csa3G872760 (CsCLAVATA1), encoding a CLAVATA1-type receptor-like kinase, was a putative candidate gene for dwarf mutation in cucumber. The expression of CsCLAVATA1 in the stem of Csdw was lower than that of wild-type plants. Therefore, CsCLAVATA1 could regulate the dwarf phenotype in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shengmao Zhou
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, 174 Daxuedong Road, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China.
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148
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Genomic comparisons of Rhizobium species using in silico AFLP-PCR, endonuclease restriction, and AMPylating enzymes. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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149
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Murakami E, Cheng J, Gysel K, Bozsoki Z, Kawaharada Y, Hjuler CT, Sørensen KK, Tao K, Kelly S, Venice F, Genre A, Thygesen MB, Jong ND, Vinther M, Jensen DB, Jensen KJ, Blaise M, Madsen LH, Andersen KR, Stougaard J, Radutoiu S. Epidermal LysM receptor ensures robust symbiotic signalling in Lotus japonicus. eLife 2018; 7:33506. [PMID: 29957177 PMCID: PMC6025957 DOI: 10.7554/elife.33506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognition of Nod factors by LysM receptors is crucial for nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in most legumes. The large families of LysM receptors in legumes suggest concerted functions, yet only NFR1 and NFR5 and their closest homologs are known to be required. Here we show that an epidermal LysM receptor (NFRe), ensures robust signalling in L. japonicus. Mutants of Nfre react to Nod factors with increased calcium spiking interval, reduced transcriptional response and fewer nodules in the presence of rhizobia. NFRe has an active kinase capable of phosphorylating NFR5, which in turn, controls NFRe downstream signalling. Our findings provide evidence for a more complex Nod factor signalling mechanism than previously anticipated. The spatio-temporal interplay between Nfre and Nfr1, and their divergent signalling through distinct kinases suggests the presence of an NFRe-mediated idling state keeping the epidermal cells of the expanding root system attuned to rhizobia. Microbes – whether beneficial or harmful – play an important role in all organisms, including plants. The ability to monitor the surrounding microbes is therefore crucial for the survival of a species. For example, the roots of a soil-growing plant are surrounded by a microbial-rich environment and have therefore evolved sophisticated surveillance mechanisms. Unlike most other plants, legumes, such as beans, peas or lentils, are capable of growing in nitrogen-poor soils with the help of microbes. In a mutually beneficial process called root nodule symbiosis, legumes form a new organ called the nodule, where specific soil bacteria called rhizobia are hosted. Inside the nodule, rhizobia convert atmospheric dinitrogen into ammonium and provide it to the plant, which in turn supplies the bacteria with carbon resources. The interaction between the legume plants and rhizobia is very selective. Previous research has shown that plants are able to identify specific signaling molecules produced by these bacteria. One signal in particular, called the Nod factor, is crucial for establishing the relationship between these two organisms. To do so, the legumes use specific receptor proteins that can recognize the Nod factor molecules produced by bacteria. Two well-known Nod factor receptors, NFR1 and NFR5, belong to a large family of proteins, which suggests that other similar receptors may be involved in Nod factor signaling as well. Now, Murakami et al. identified the role of another receptor called NRFe by studying the legume species Lotus japonicus. The results showed that NFRe and NFR1 share distinct biochemical and molecular properties. NRFe is primarily active in the cells located in a specific area on the surface of the roots. Unlike NFR1, however, NFRe has a restricted signaling capacity limited to the outer root cell layer. Murakami et al. found that when NRFe was mutated, the Nod factor signaling inside the root was less activated and fewer nodules formed, suggesting NRFe plays an important role in this symbiosis. NFR1-type receptors have also been found in plants outside legumes, which do not form a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia. Identifying more receptors important for Nod-factor signaling could provide a basis for new biotechnological targets in non-symbiotic crops, to improve their growth in nutrient-poor conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Murakami
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jeryl Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kira Gysel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zoltan Bozsoki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yasuyuki Kawaharada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ke Tao
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Francesco Venice
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Genre
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Noor de Jong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria Vinther
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dorthe Bødker Jensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Knud Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Michael Blaise
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lene Heegaard Madsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simona Radutoiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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150
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McAdam EL, Reid JB, Foo E. Gibberellins promote nodule organogenesis but inhibit the infection stages of nodulation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2117-2130. [PMID: 29432555 PMCID: PMC6018947 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Leguminous plant roots can form a symbiosis with soil-dwelling nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, leading to the formation of a new root organ, the nodule. Successful nodulation requires co-ordination of spatially separated events in the root, including infection in the root epidermis and nodule organogenesis deep in the root cortex. We show that the hormone gibberellin plays distinct roles in these epidermal and cortical programmes. We employed a unique set of genetic material in pea that includes severely gibberellin-deficient lines and della-deficient lines that enabled us to characterize all stages of infection and nodule development. We confirmed that gibberellin suppresses infection thread formation and show that it also promotes nodule organogenesis into nitrogen-fixing organs. In both cases, this is achieved through the action of DELLA proteins. This study therefore provides a mechanism to explain how both low and high gibberellin signalling can result in reduced nodule number and reveals a clear role for gibberellin in the maturation of nodules into nitrogen-fixing organs. We also demonstrate that gibberellin acts independently of ethylene in promoting nodule development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L McAdam
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - James B Reid
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Eloise Foo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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