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Delisi R, Saiano F, Pagliaro M, Ciriminna R. Quick assessment of the economic value of olive mill waste water. Chem Cent J 2016; 10:63. [PMID: 27803730 PMCID: PMC5067881 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olive biophenols are emerging as a valued class of natural products finding practical application in the food, pharmaceutical, beverage, cosmetic and nutraceutical industries due to their powerful biological activity which includes antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Olive mill waste water (OMWW), a by-product in olive oil manufacturing, is rich in biophenols such as hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. The amount of biophenols depends on the cultivar, the geographical area of cultivation, and the seasonal conditions. The goal of this study was to develop a straightforward method to assess the economic value of OMWW via quantification of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. RESULTS The amount of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol phenolic compounds in the OMWW from four different cultivars grown in four different regions of Sicily was analyzed using liquid-liquid and solid-liquid analytical protocols developed ad hoc. Results showed significant differences amongst the different cultivars and their geographical origin. In all samples, the concentration of hydroxytyrosol was generally from 2 to 10 times higher than that of tyrosol. In general, the liquid-liquid extraction protocol gave higher amounts of extracted biophenols. The cultivar Cerasuola had the highest amount of both hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. The cultivar Nocellara Etnea had the lowest content of both biophenols. CONCLUSIONS A quick method to assess the economic value of olive mill waste water via quantification of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol in olive phenolic enriched extracts is now available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Delisi
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Filippo Saiano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, viale delle Scienze, Ed. 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Pagliaro
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosaria Ciriminna
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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102
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Kitsati N, Mantzaris MD, Galaris D. Hydroxytyrosol inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptotic signaling via labile iron chelation. Redox Biol 2016; 10:233-242. [PMID: 27810738 PMCID: PMC5094689 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that Mediterranean diet plays an important role in maintaining human health, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. The aim of this investigation was to elucidate the potential role of ortho-dihydroxy group containing natural compounds in H2O2-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. For this purpose, the main phenolic alcohols of olive oil, namely hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, were examined for their ability to protect cultured cells under conditions of oxidative stress. A strong correlation was observed between the ability of hydroxytyrosol to mitigate intracellular labile iron level and the protection offered against H2O2-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. On the other hand, tyrosol, which lacks the ortho-dihydroxy group, was ineffective. Moreover, hydroxytyrosol (but not tyrosol), was able to diminish the late sustained phase of H2O2-induced JNK and p38 phosphorylation. The derangement of intracellular iron homeostasis, following exposure of cells to H2O2, played pivotal role both in the induction of DNA damage and the initiation of apoptotic signaling. The presented results suggest that the protective effects exerted by ortho-dihydroxy group containing dietary compounds against oxidative stress-induced cell damage are linked to their ability to influence changes in the intracellular labile iron homeostasis. The ortho-dihydroxy moiety is essential for the protective action of polyphenols. Hydroxytyrosol protects cell constituents by mitigating intracellular labile iron. Hydroxytyrosol diminishes H2O2-induced JNK and p38 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kitsati
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, University of Ioannina, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michalis D Mantzaris
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, University of Ioannina, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Galaris
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, University of Ioannina, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece.
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting large and medium arteries and is considered to be a major underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the development of pharmacotherapies to treat CVD has contributed to a decline in cardiac mortality in the past few decades, CVD is estimated to be the cause of one-third of deaths globally. Nutraceuticals are natural nutritional compounds that are beneficial for the prevention or treatment of disease and, therefore, are a possible therapeutic avenue for the treatment of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this Review is to highlight potential nutraceuticals for use as antiatherogenic therapies with evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies. Furthermore, the current evidence from observational and randomized clinical studies into the role of nutraceuticals in preventing atherosclerosis in humans will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe W E Moss
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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104
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Forte M, Conti V, Damato A, Ambrosio M, Puca AA, Sciarretta S, Frati G, Vecchione C, Carrizzo A. Targeting Nitric Oxide with Natural Derived Compounds as a Therapeutic Strategy in Vascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:7364138. [PMID: 27651855 PMCID: PMC5019908 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7364138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Within the family of endogenous gasotransmitters, nitric oxide (NO) is the smallest gaseous intercellular messenger involved in the modulation of several processes, such as blood flow and platelet aggregation control, essential to maintain vascular homeostasis. NO is produced by nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and its effects are mediated by cGMP-dependent or cGMP-independent mechanisms. Growing evidence suggests a crosstalk between the NO signaling and the occurrence of oxidative stress in the onset and progression of vascular diseases, such as hypertension, heart failure, ischemia, and stroke. For these reasons, NO is considered as an emerging molecular target for developing therapeutic strategies for cardio- and cerebrovascular pathologies. Several natural derived compounds, such as polyphenols, are now proposed as modulators of NO-mediated pathways. The aim of this review is to highlight the experimental evidence on the involvement of nitric oxide in vascular homeostasis focusing on the therapeutic potential of targeting NO with some natural compounds in patients with vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Forte
- IRCCS Neuromed, Vascular Physiopathology Unit, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Valeria Conti
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Antonio Damato
- IRCCS Neuromed, Vascular Physiopathology Unit, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Annibale A. Puca
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Baronissi, Italy
- IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- IRCCS Neuromed, Vascular Physiopathology Unit, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- IRCCS Neuromed, Vascular Physiopathology Unit, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- IRCCS Neuromed, Vascular Physiopathology Unit, Pozzilli, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- IRCCS Neuromed, Vascular Physiopathology Unit, Pozzilli, Italy
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105
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López-Villodres JA, Abdel-Karim M, De La Cruz JP, Rodríguez-Pérez MD, Reyes JJ, Guzmán-Moscoso R, Rodriguez-Gutierrez G, Fernández-Bolaños J, González-Correa JA. Effects of hydroxytyrosol on cardiovascular biomarkers in experimental diabetes mellitus. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 37:94-100. [PMID: 27648880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of hydroxytyrosol (HT) on cardiovascular biomarkers and morphometric parameters of the arterial wall in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Seven groups of rats (N=10 per group) were studied for 2 months: nondiabetic rats (NDR), diabetic rats treated with saline (DR) and DR treated with HT (0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg kg-1 day-1 p.o.). DR had higher platelet aggregation values, higher thromboxane B2, plasma lipid peroxidation, 3-nitrotyrosine, oxidized LDL (oxLDL), myeloperoxidase, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentrations, and lower aortic 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α and nitric oxide production than NDR. Aortic wall area and smooth muscle cell count were also higher in DR than in NDR. HT significantly reduced both oxidative and nitrosative stress, oxLDL concentration, VCAM-1 and inflammatory mediators, platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 production. Morphometric values in the aortic wall were reduced to values near those in NDR. In conclusion, HT influenced the major biochemical processes leading to diabetic vasculopathy, and reduced cell proliferation in the vascular wall in this experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio López-Villodres
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga
| | - Miriam Abdel-Karim
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga
| | - José Pedro De La Cruz
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga
| | - María Dolores Rodríguez-Pérez
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga
| | - José Julio Reyes
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga
| | - Rocío Guzmán-Moscoso
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga
| | - Guillermo Rodriguez-Gutierrez
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ctra Utrera km 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Fernández-Bolaños
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ctra Utrera km 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Seville, Spain
| | - José Antonio González-Correa
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga.
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106
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Boss A, Bishop KS, Marlow G, Barnett MPG, Ferguson LR. Evidence to Support the Anti-Cancer Effect of Olive Leaf Extract and Future Directions. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8080513. [PMID: 27548217 PMCID: PMC4997426 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with long life and lower prevalence of cardiovascular disease and cancers. The main components of this diet include high intake of fruit, vegetables, red wine, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and fish, low intake of dairy and red meat. Olive oil has gained support as a key effector of health benefits and there is evidence that this relates to the polyphenol content. Olive leaf extract (OLE) contains a higher quantity and variety of polyphenols than those found in EVOO. There are also important structural differences between polyphenols from olive leaf and those from olive fruit that may improve the capacity of OLE to enhance health outcomes. Olive polyphenols have been claimed to play an important protective role in cancer and other inflammation-related diseases. Both inflammatory and cancer cell models have shown that olive leaf polyphenols are anti-inflammatory and protect against DNA damage initiated by free radicals. The various bioactive properties of olive leaf polyphenols are a plausible explanation for the inhibition of progression and development of cancers. The pathways and signaling cascades manipulated include the NF-κB inflammatory response and the oxidative stress response, but the effects of these bioactive components may also result from their action as a phytoestrogen. Due to the similar structure of the olive polyphenols to oestrogens, these have been hypothesized to interact with oestrogen receptors, thereby reducing the prevalence and progression of hormone related cancers. Evidence for the protective effect of olive polyphenols for cancer in humans remains anecdotal and clinical trials are required to substantiate these claims idea. This review aims to amalgamate the current literature regarding bioavailability and mechanisms involved in the potential anti-cancer action of olive leaf polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Boss
- Discipline of Nutrition, FM & HS, University of Auckland Medical School, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Karen S Bishop
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, FM & HS, University of Auckland Medical School, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Gareth Marlow
- Discipline of Nutrition, FM & HS, University of Auckland Medical School, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Matthew P G Barnett
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Lynnette R Ferguson
- Discipline of Nutrition, FM & HS, University of Auckland Medical School, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, FM & HS, University of Auckland Medical School, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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107
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Cytokines: roles in atherosclerosis disease progression and potential therapeutic targets. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:1317-30. [PMID: 27357616 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the primary cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), is a chronic inflammatory disorder in the walls of medium and large arteries. CVD is currently responsible for about one in three global deaths and this is expected to rise in the future due to an increase in the prevalence of obesity and diabetes. Current therapies for atherosclerosis mainly modulate lipid homeostasis and while successful at reducing the risk of a CVD-related death, they are associated with considerable residual risk and various side effects. There is, therefore, a need for alternative therapies aimed at regulating inflammation in order to reduce atherogenesis. This review will highlight the key role cytokines play during disease progression as well as potential therapeutic strategies to target them.
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108
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Razavi-Azarkhiavi K, Iranshahy M, Sahebkar A, Shirani K, Karimi G. The Protective Role of Phenolic Compounds Against Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity: A Comprehensive Review. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:892-917. [PMID: 27341037 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1187280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although doxorubicin (DOX) is among the most widely used anticancer agents, its clinical application is hampered owing to its cardiotoxicity. Adjuvant therapy with an antioxidant has been suggested as a promising strategy to reduce DOX-induced adverse effects. In this context, many phenolic compounds have been reported to protect against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. The cardioprotective effects of phenolic compounds are exerted via multiple mechanisms including inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation, apoptosis, NF-κB, p53, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage. In this review, we present a summary of the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical findings on the protective mechanisms of phenolic compounds against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Razavi-Azarkhiavi
- a Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Milad Iranshahy
- b Biotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- c Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Kobra Shirani
- d Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- e Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,f Pharmaceutical Research Center and Pharmacy School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
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109
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Rodríguez-Morató J, Boronat A, Kotronoulas A, Pujadas M, Pastor A, Olesti E, Pérez-Mañá C, Khymenets O, Fitó M, Farré M, de la Torre R. Metabolic disposition and biological significance of simple phenols of dietary origin: hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 48:218-36. [PMID: 27186796 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2016.1179754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol are dietary phenolic compounds present in virgin olive oil and wine. Both compounds are also endogenously synthesized in our body as byproducts of dopamine and tyramine metabolisms, respectively. Over the last decades, research into hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol has experienced an increasing interest due to the role that these compounds may play in the prevention of certain pathologies (e.g. cardiovascular, metabolic, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer). The translation of promising in vitro and in vivo biological effects from preclinical studies to the context of human disease prevention initially depends on whether the dose ingested becomes available at the site of action. In this regard, information regarding the bioavailability and metabolic disposition of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol is of most importance to evaluate the impact they may have on human health. In this review, we discuss and summarize the state of the art of the scientific evidence regarding the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of both hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. We also examine the impact of these compounds and their metabolites on biological activity in terms of beneficial health effects. Finally, we evaluate the different analytical approaches that have been developed to measure the plasma and urinary levels of hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF) , Barcelona , Spain ;,c CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Anna Boronat
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Aristotelis Kotronoulas
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mitona Pujadas
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,c CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Eulalia Olesti
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Clara Pérez-Mañá
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,d Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Cerdanyola, Spain
| | - Olha Khymenets
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- c CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición , Santiago de Compostela , Spain ;,e Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Magí Farré
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,d Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Cerdanyola, Spain ;,f Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP) , Badalona , Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF) , Barcelona , Spain ;,c CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
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110
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Lipophilic hydroxytyrosol esters significantly improve the oxidative state of human red blood cells. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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111
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Martín-Peláez S, Castañer O, Solà R, Motilva MJ, Castell M, Pérez-Cano FJ, Fitó M. Influence of Phenol-Enriched Olive Oils on Human Intestinal Immune Function. Nutrients 2016; 8:213. [PMID: 27077879 PMCID: PMC4848682 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive oil (OO) phenolic compounds (PC) are able to influence gut microbial populations and metabolic output. Our aim was to investigate whether these compounds and changes affect the mucosal immune system. In a randomized, controlled, double blind cross-over human trial, for three weeks, preceded by two-week washout periods, 10 hypercholesterolemic participants ingested 25 mL/day of three raw virgin OO differing in their PC concentration and origin: (1) an OO containing 80 mg PC/kg (VOO); (2) a PC-enriched OO containing 500 mg PC/kg from OO (FVOO); and (3) a PC-enriched OO containing a mixture of 500 mg PC/kg from OO and thyme (1:1, FVOOT). Intestinal immunity (fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA-coated bacteria) and inflammation markers (C-reactive protein (CRP) and fecal interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and calprotectin) was analyzed. The ingestion of high amounts of OO PC, as contained in FVOO, tended to increase the proportions of IgA-coated bacteria and increased plasma levels of CRP. However, lower amounts of OO PC (VOO) and the combination of two PC sources (FVOOT) did not show significant effects on the variables investigated. Results indicate a potential stimulation of the immune system with very high doses of OO PC, which should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martín-Peláez
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Olga Castañer
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Rosa Solà
- Unit of Farmacobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus 43201, Spain.
| | - María José Motilva
- Food Technology Department, UTPV-XaRTA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida 25198, Spain.
| | - Margarida Castell
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Francisco José Pérez-Cano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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112
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Medina-Martínez MS, Truchado P, Castro-Ibáñez I, Allende A. Antimicrobial activity of hydroxytyrosol: a current controversy. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:801-10. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1116924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study focus on the main factors that affect the antimicrobial capacity of hydroxytyrosol, including the concentration (200, 400, and 1000 μg/mL), target strains, and the culture media (nutrient-rich and less-rich culture media). The potential HT degradation was also evaluated by HPLC-PAD. Kinetic parameters from growth curves showed that HT concentrations produced a doses-dependent shift when compared to the untreated control. In most of the cases, the highest tested dose (1000 μg/mL) was needed to inhibit growth of the selected strains. However, all the strains were able to grow even at the highest HT dose when cultivated in nutrient-rich culture media. It was observed that HT concentrations were reduced by about 15%, except for Escherichia coli 533 and 679 in Muller Hinton broth, where HT was reduced up to 35%. The results showed a limited antimicrobial activity, contrary to information previously published in some research papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- María S Medina-Martínez
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Truchado
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Irene Castro-Ibáñez
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Allende
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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113
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García A, Rodríguez-Juan E, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez G, Rios JJ, Fernández-Bolaños J. Extraction of phenolic compounds from virgin olive oil by deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Food Chem 2016; 197:554-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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114
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Cetrullo S, D'Adamo S, Guidotti S, Borzì RM, Flamigni F. Hydroxytyrosol prevents chondrocyte death under oxidative stress by inducing autophagy through sirtuin 1-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1181-91. [PMID: 26947008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a major phenolic antioxidant found in olive oil, can afford protection from oxidative stress in several types of non-tumoral cells, including chondrocytes. Autophagy was recently identified as a protective process during osteoarthritis (OA) development and critical for survival of chondrocytes. Therefore we have investigated the possibility to modulate chondrocyte autophagy by HT treatment. METHODS DNA damage and cell death were estimated in human C-28/I2 and primary OA chondrocytes exposed to hydrogen peroxide. Autophagic flux and mitophagy were monitored by measuring levels and location of autophagy markers through western blot, immunostaining and confocal laser microscopy. Late autophagic vacuoles were stained with monodansylcadaverine. The involvement of sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, western blot and gene silencing with specific siRNA. RESULTS HT increases markers of autophagy and protects chondrocytes from DNA damage and cell death induced by oxidative stress. The protective effect requires the deacetylase SIRT-1, which accumulated in the nucleus following HT treatment. In fact silencing of this enzyme prevented HT from promoting the autophagic process and cell survival. Furthermore HT supports autophagy even in a SIRT-1-independent manner, by increasing p62 transcription, required for autophagic degradation of polyubiquitin-containing bodies. CONCLUSIONS These results support the potential of HT as a chondroprotective nutraceutical compound against OA, not merely for its antioxidant ability, but as an autophagy and SIRT-1 inducer as well. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE HT may exert a cytoprotective action by promoting autophagy in cell types that may be damaged in degenerative diseases by oxidative and other stress stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cetrullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania D'Adamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Guidotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia and Rigenerazione Tissutale/Laboratorio RAMSES, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Borzì
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia and Rigenerazione Tissutale/Laboratorio RAMSES, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavio Flamigni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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115
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Pastor A, Rodríguez-Morató J, Olesti E, Pujadas M, Pérez-Mañá C, Khymenets O, Fitó M, Covas MI, Solá R, Motilva MJ, Farré M, de la Torre R. Analysis of free hydroxytyrosol in human plasma following the administration of olive oil. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1437:183-190. [PMID: 26877176 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) from olive oil, a potent bioactive molecule with health benefits, has a poor bioavailability, its free form (free HT) being undetectable so far. This fact leads to the controversy whether attained HT concentrations after olive oil polyphenol ingestion are too low to explain the observed biological activities. Due to this, an analytical methodology to determine free HT in plasma is crucial for understanding HT biological activity. Plasma HT instability and low concentrations have been major limitations for its quantification in clinical studies. Here, we describe a method to detect and quantify free HT in human plasma by using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The method encompasses different steps of sample preparation including plasma stabilization, protein precipitation, selective derivatization with benzylamine, and purification by solid-phase extraction. A high sensitivity (LOD, 0.3ng/mL), specificity and stability of HT is achieved following these procedures. The method was validated and its applicability was demonstrated by analyzing human plasma samples after olive oil intake. A pharmacokinetic comparison was performed measuring free HT plasma concentrations following the intake of 25mL of ordinary olive oil (nearly undetectable concentrations) versus an extra-virgin olive oil (Cmax=4.40ng/mL). To our knowledge, this is the first time that an analytical procedure for quantifying free HT in plasma after olive oil dietary doses has been reported. The present methodology opens the door to a better understanding of the relationship between HT plasma concentrations and its beneficial health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Pastor
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eulàlia Olesti
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mitona Pujadas
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - Clara Pérez-Mañá
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Olha Khymenets
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María-Isabel Covas
- CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment), Handesbolag (NUPROAS HB), Nacka, Sweden.
| | - Rosa Solá
- NFOC Group, CIBERDEM, St. Joan de Reus University Hospital, IISPV, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
| | - María-José Motilva
- Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio Research Center, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Magí Farré
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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116
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Officioso A, Alzoubi K, Lang F, Manna C. Hydroxytyrosol inhibits phosphatidylserine exposure and suicidal death induced by mercury in human erythrocytes: Possible involvement of the glutathione pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 89:47-53. [PMID: 26774912 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a phenolic antioxidant naturally occurring in virgin olive oil. In this study, we investigated the possible protective effects of HT on programmed suicidal death (eryptosis) induced by mercury (Hg) treatment in intact human erythrocytes (RBC). Our study confirms that the Hg-eryptosis is characterized by phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure at the cell surface, with cell shrinkage and ATP and glutathione depletion; calcium influx is also a key event that triggers eryptosis. Here we report that cell preconditioning with an optimal dose (1-5 μM) of HT prior to exposure to 2.5 μM HgCl2 causes a noteworthy decrease in PS-exposing RBC, almost restoring ATP and GSH content. Conversely, HT shows no effect against decrease in cell volume nor against influx of extracellular calcium. Taken together our data provide the first experimental evidence of the efficacy of HT in modulating the programmed suicidal death in non nucleated cells; the reported findings also confirm that the prevention of Hg toxicity should be regarded as an additional mechanism responsible for the health-promoting potential of this dietary phenol. Finally, virgin olive oil would appear to be a promising healthy food to reduce the adverse effects of chronic mercury exposure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbace Officioso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy; Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kousi Alzoubi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caterina Manna
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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117
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Pirozzi C, Lama A, Simeoli R, Paciello O, Pagano TB, Mollica MP, Di Guida F, Russo R, Magliocca S, Canani RB, Raso GM, Calignano A, Meli R. Hydroxytyrosol prevents metabolic impairment reducing hepatic inflammation and restoring duodenal integrity in a rat model of NAFLD. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 30:108-15. [PMID: 27012627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The potential mechanisms of action of polyphenols in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are overlooked. Here, we evaluate the beneficial therapeutic effects of hydroxytyrosol (HT), the major metabolite of the oleuropein, in a nutritional model of insulin resistance (IR) and NAFLD by high-fat diet. Young male rats were divided into three groups receiving (1) standard diet (STD; 10.5% fat), (2) high-fat diet (HFD; 58.0% fat) and (3) HFD+HT (10 mg/kg/day by gavage). After 5 weeks, the oral glucose tolerance test was performed, and at 6th week, blood sample and tissues (liver and duodenum) were collected for following determinations. The HT-treated rats showed a marked reduction in serum AST, ALT and cholesterol and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, reducing homeostasis model assessment index. HT significantly corrected the metabolic impairment induced by HFD, increasing hepatic peroxisome proliferator activated receptor PPAR-α and its downstream-regulated gene fibroblast growth factor 21, the phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and the mRNA carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a. HT also reduced liver inflammation and nitrosative/oxidative stress decreasing the nitrosylation of proteins, reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation. Moreover, HT restored intestinal barrier integrity and functions (fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran permeability and mRNA zona occludens ZO-1). Our data demonstrate the beneficial effect of HT in the prevention of early inflammatory events responsible for the onset of IR and steatosis, reducing hepatic inflammation and nitrosative/oxidative stress and restoring glucose homeostasis and intestinal barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Simeoli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Bruna Pagano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Guida
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Magliocca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases and CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
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118
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Oleuropein-Enriched Olive Leaf Extract Affects Calcium Dynamics and Impairs Viability of Malignant Mesothelioma Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:908493. [PMID: 26693247 PMCID: PMC4674619 DOI: 10.1155/2015/908493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is a poor prognosis cancer in urgent need of alternative therapies. Oleuropein, the major phenolic of olive tree (Olea europaea L.), is believed to have therapeutic potentials for various diseases, including tumors. We obtained an oleuropein-enriched fraction, consisting of 60% w/w oleuropein, from olive leaves, and assessed its effects on intracellular Ca2+ and cell viability in mesothelioma cells. Effects of the oleuropein-enriched fraction on Ca2+ dynamics and cell viability were studied in the REN mesothelioma cell line, using fura-2 microspectrofluorimetry and MTT assay, respectively. Fura-2-loaded cells, transiently exposed to the oleuropein-enriched fraction, showed dose-dependent transient elevations of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). Application of standard oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, and of the inhibitor of low-voltage T-type Ca2+ channels NNC-55-0396, suggested that the effect is mainly due to oleuropein acting through its hydroxytyrosol moiety on T-type Ca2+ channels. The oleuropein-enriched fraction and standard oleuropein displayed a significant antiproliferative effect, as measured on REN cells by MTT cell viability assay, with IC50 of 22 μg/mL oleuropein. Data suggest that our oleuropein-enriched fraction from olive leaf extract could have pharmacological application in malignant mesothelioma anticancer therapy, possibly by targeting T-type Ca2+ channels and thereby dysregulating intracellular Ca2+ dynamics.
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119
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Toxicological evaluation of an olive extract, H35: Subchronic toxicity in the rat. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 84:18-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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120
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Antimicrobial and antioxidant amphiphilic random copolymers to address medical device-centered infections. Acta Biomater 2015; 22:131-40. [PMID: 25917843 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are known to support a number of human infections, including those related to medical devices. This work is focused on the development of novel dual-function amphiphilic random copolymers to be employed as coatings for medical devices. Particularly, copolymers were obtained by polymerization of an antimicrobial cationic monomer (bearing tertiary amine) and an antioxidant and antimicrobial hydrophobic monomer (containing hydroxytyrosol, HTy). To obtain copolymers with various amphiphilic balance, different molar ratios of the two monomers were used. (1)H NMR and DSC analyses evidenced that HTy aromatic rings are able to interact with each other leading to a supra-macromolecular re-arrangement and decrease the copolymer size in water. All copolymers showed good antioxidant activity and Fe(2+) chelating ability. Cytotoxicity and hemolytic tests evidenced that the amphiphilic balance, cationic charge density and polymer size in solution are key determinants for polymer biocompatibility. As for the antimicrobial properties, the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC = 40 μg/mL) against Staphylococcus epidermidis was shown by the water-soluble copolymer having the highest HTy molar content (0.3). This copolymer layered onto catheter surfaces was also able to prevent staphylococcal adhesion. This approach permits not only prevention of biofilm infections but also reduction of the risk of emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Indeed, the combination of two active compounds in the same polymer can provide a synergistic action against biofilms and suppress reactive species oxygen (ROS), known to promote the occurrence of antibiotic resistance.
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121
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Salido S, Pérez-Bonilla M, Adams RP, Altarejos J. Phenolic Components and Antioxidant Activity of Wood Extracts from 10 Main Spanish Olive Cultivars. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6493-6500. [PMID: 26154988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition and radical-scavenging activity of wood samples from 10 main Spanish olive cultivars were studied. The wood samples were collected during the pruning works from trees growing under the same agronomical and environmental conditions. The 10 ethyl acetate extracts were submitted to HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS analysis to determine the phenolic constituents. Seventeen compounds were identified (10 secoiridoids, 3 lignans, 2 phenol alcohols, 1 iridoid, and 1 flavonoid) by comparison with authentic samples. Significant quantitative and qualitative differences were found among olive cultivars. The lignan (+)-1-hydroxypinoresinol 1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside was the major compound in all olive cultivars, except in cultivars 'Farga' and 'Picual'. The multivariate analysis of all data revealed three sets of cultivars with similar compositions. Cultivars 'Gordal sevillana' and 'Picual' had the most distinct chemical profiles. With regard to the radical-scavenging activity, cultivar 'Picual', with oleuropein as the major phenolic, showed the highest activity (91.4 versus 18.6-32.7%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Salido
- †Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica y Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Mercedes Pérez-Bonilla
- †Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica y Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Robert P Adams
- §Biology Department, Baylor University, Box 97388, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Joaquín Altarejos
- †Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica y Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
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122
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Vann KR, Sedgeman CA, Gopas J, Golan-Goldhirsh A, Osheroff N. Effects of Olive Metabolites on DNA Cleavage Mediated by Human Type II Topoisomerases. Biochemistry 2015; 54:4531-41. [PMID: 26132160 PMCID: PMC4520624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Several
naturally occurring dietary polyphenols with chemopreventive
or anticancer properties are topoisomerase II poisons. To identify
additional phytochemicals that enhance topoisomerase II-mediated DNA
cleavage, a library of 341 Mediterranean plant extracts was screened
for activity against human topoisomerase IIα. An extract from Phillyrea latifolia L., a member of the olive tree family,
displayed high activity against the human enzyme. On the basis of
previous metabolomics studies, we identified several polyphenols (hydroxytyrosol,
oleuropein, verbascoside, tyrosol, and caffeic acid) as potential
candidates for topoisomerase II poisons. Of these, hydroxytyrosol,
oleuropein, and verbascoside enhanced topoisomerase II-mediated DNA
cleavage. The potency of these olive metabolites increased 10–100-fold
in the presence of an oxidant. Hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, and verbascoside
displayed hallmark characteristics of covalent topoisomerase II poisons.
(1) The activity of the metabolites was abrogated by a reducing agent.
(2) Compounds inhibited topoisomerase II activity when they were incubated
with the enzyme prior to the addition of DNA. (3) Compounds were unable
to poison a topoisomerase IIα construct that lacked the N-terminal
domain. Because hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, and verbascoside are broadly
distributed across the olive family, extracts from the leaves, bark,
and fruit of 11 olive tree species were tested for activity against
human topoisomerase IIα. Several of the extracts enhanced enzyme-mediated
DNA cleavage. Finally, a commercial olive leaf supplement and extra
virgin olive oils pressed from a variety of Olea europea subspecies enhanced DNA cleavage mediated by topoisomerase IIα.
Thus, olive metabolites appear to act as topoisomerase II poisons
in complex formulations intended for human dietary consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jacob Gopas
- ∥Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,⊥Department of Oncology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Avi Golan-Goldhirsh
- @The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research (BIDR), French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Beer Sheva 84990, Israel
| | - Neil Osheroff
- §VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
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De La Cruz JP, Ruiz-Moreno MI, Guerrero A, Reyes JJ, Benitez-Guerrero A, Espartero JL, González-Correa JA. Differences in the Neuroprotective Effect of Orally Administered Virgin Olive Oil (Olea europaea) Polyphenols Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5957-5963. [PMID: 26066316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The neuroprotective effect of virgin olive oil (VOO) polyphenols has been related to their antioxidant effect. The main objective was to analyze how tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol contribute to the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of VOO in a model of hypoxia-reoxygenation in rat brain slices. Rats were treated per os (po) (10 or 20 mg/kg/day) with hydroxytyrosol ethyl ether (HTEE), tyrosol ethyl ether (TEE), or 3,4-di-o-methylidene-hydroxytyrosol ethyl ether (MHTEE), used as a negative control for antioxidant effects. Lipid peroxidation was inhibited with HTEE, TEE, and MHTEE (from 5.0 ± 1.5 to 2.6 ± 1.5, 4.5 ± 1.5, and 4.8 ± 1.5 nmol/mg protein, respectively). However, all three compounds had similar neuroprotective effects: from 2.8 ± 0.07 to 1.8 ± 0.02 arbitrary units for HTEE, 1.4 ± 0.09 arbitrary units for TEE, and 1.3 ± 0.2 arbitrary units for MHTEE. All three compounds inhibited 3-nitrotyrosine production (from 3.7 ± 0.3 to 1.2 ± 0.03 nmol/0.1 g tissue for HTEE, 1.0 ± 0.2 nmol/0.1 g tissue for TEE, and 1.3 ± 0.1 nmol/0.1 g tissue for MHTEE), prostaglandin E2 production (from 55.7 ± 2.2 to 46.4 ± 1.9 pg/0.1 g tissue for HTEE, 24.7 ± 1.3 pg/0.1 g tissue for TEE, and 27.6 ± 2.6 pg/0.1 g tissue for MHTEE), whereas only HTEE inhibited IL1β production (from 35.7 ± 1.5 to 21.6 ± 0.8 pg/0.1 g tissue). Pearson correlation coefficients related neuroprotective effect with an antioxidant effect for HTEE (R = 0.72, p < 0.001), and inhibition of nitrosative stress (R = 0.78, 0.67, and 0.66 for HTEE, TEE, and MHTEE, respectively, p < 0.001) and inflammatory mediators (R = 0.72, 0.79, and 0.64 for HTEE, TEE, and MHTEE, respectively, p < 0.001) with all three compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro De La Cruz
- †Laboratorio de Investigaciones Antitrombóticas e Isquemia Tisular (LIAIT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Ruiz-Moreno
- †Laboratorio de Investigaciones Antitrombóticas e Isquemia Tisular (LIAIT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Ana Guerrero
- †Laboratorio de Investigaciones Antitrombóticas e Isquemia Tisular (LIAIT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - José Julio Reyes
- †Laboratorio de Investigaciones Antitrombóticas e Isquemia Tisular (LIAIT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Espartero
- #Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José Antonio González-Correa
- †Laboratorio de Investigaciones Antitrombóticas e Isquemia Tisular (LIAIT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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Non-Nutrient, Naturally Occurring Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant Activity for the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontal Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:447-81. [PMID: 26783837 PMCID: PMC4665427 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main factors able to explain the pathophysiological mechanism of inflammatory conditions that occur in periodontal disease is oxidative stress. Given the emerging understanding of this relationship, host-modulatory therapies using antioxidants could be interesting to prevent or slow the breakdown of soft and hard periodontal tissues. In this context, non-nutrient phenolic compounds of various foods and plants have received considerable attention in the last decade. Here, studies focusing on the relationship between different compounds of this type with periodontal disease have been collected. Among them, thymoquinone, coenzyme Q (CoQ), mangiferin, resveratrol, verbascoside and some flavonoids have shown to prevent or ameliorate periodontal tissues damage in animal models. However evidence regarding this effect in humans is poor and only limited to topical treatments with CoQ and catechins. Along with animal experiments, in vitro studies indicate that possible mechanisms by which these compounds might exert their protective effects include antioxidative properties, oxygen and nitrogen scavenging abilities, and also inhibitory effects on cell signaling cascades related to inflammatory processes which have an effect on RNS or ROS production as well as on antioxidant defense systems.
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125
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Peng S, Zhang B, Yao J, Duan D, Fang J. Dual protection of hydroxytyrosol, an olive oil polyphenol, against oxidative damage in PC12 cells. Food Funct 2015; 6:2091-100. [PMID: 26037629 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00097a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol, HT), a major polyphenol in olive oils, has received increasing attention due to its multiple pharmacological activities. However, it is not well understood how HT works on the neuronal system. We report herein that HT efficiently scavenges free radicals in vitro and displays cytoprotection against oxidative stress-induced damage in PC12 cells. HT completely protects the cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced death and rescues the cells from 6-hydroxydopamine-induced damage. Mechanistic studies reveal that Nrf2 is a prerequisite for the neuroprotection of HT as knocking down Nrf2 eliminated this action. HT, via activation of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, elevates a panel of cytoprotective enzymes, including glutamate-cysteine ligase, HO-1, NQO1 and thioredoxin reductase. Our study reveals that HT provides dual neuroprotection and cellular antioxidant defense as both a free radical scavenger and Nrf2 activator, suggesting the potential pharmaceutical usage of HT for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujiao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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126
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The protective role of olive oil hydroxytyrosol against oxidative alterations induced by mercury in human erythrocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 82:59-63. [PMID: 25957742 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a phenolic antioxidant naturally occurring in virgin olive oil. In this study, we investigated the possible protective effects of HT on the oxidative and morphological alterations induced by mercury (Hg) in intact human erythrocytes. These cells preferentially accumulate this toxic heavy metal. More importantly, Hg-induced echinocyte formation correlates with increased coagulability of these cells. Our results indicate that HT treatment (10-50 µM) prevents the increase in hemolysis and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation induced by exposure of cells to micromolar HgCl2 concentrations as well as the decrease in GSH intracellular levels. Moreover, as indicated by scanning electron microscopy, the morphological alterations are also significantly reduced by HT co-treatment. Taken together our data provide the first experimental evidence that HT has the potential to counteract mercury toxicity. The reported effect may be regarded as an additional mechanism underlying the beneficial cardio-protective effects of this dietary antioxidant, also endowed with significant anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties.
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127
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Pérez-Mañá C, Farré M, Pujadas M, Mustata C, Menoyo E, Pastor A, Langohr K, de la Torre R. Ethanol induces hydroxytyrosol formation in humans. Pharmacol Res 2015; 95-96:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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128
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Varela-López A, Quiles JL, Cordero M, Giampieri F, Bullón P. Oxidative Stress and Dietary Fat Type in Relation to Periodontal Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:322-44. [PMID: 26783708 PMCID: PMC4665476 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the main factors studied to explain the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory conditions, such as periodontitis. In this respect, nutrition may be of great importance. Actually, research on nutrients' effects on periodontal diseases has expanded to include those influencing the redox status, which correlates to the inflammatory process. Dietary fat or lipids are often blamed as the major source of excess energy. Consequently, when caloric intake exceeds energy expenditure, the resultant substrate-induced increase in citric acid cycle activity generates an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, dietary fatty acid intake influences in relative fatty acid composition of biological membranes determining its susceptibility to oxidative alterations. From this standpoint, here, we reviewed studies analyzing the dietary fat role in periodontal disease. Research data suggest that periodontal health could be achieved by main dietary strategies which include substitution of saturated fats with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly n-3 PUFA. Maybe in the future, we should analyze the diet and provide some advice to periodontitis patients to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Varela-López
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla, Granada 18100, Spain.
| | - José L Quiles
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla, Granada 18100, Spain.
| | - Mario Cordero
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Sevilla, C/Avicena s.n., Sevilla 41009, Spain.
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona 60100, Italy.
| | - Pedro Bullón
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Sevilla, C/Avicena s.n., Sevilla 41009, Spain.
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129
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The Toluene o-Xylene Monooxygenase Enzymatic Activity for the Biosynthesis of Aromatic Antioxidants. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124427. [PMID: 25915063 PMCID: PMC4411060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyclic phenols and catechols are important antioxidant compounds for the food and pharmaceutic industries; their production through biotransformation of low-added value starting compounds is of major biotechnological interest. The toluene o-xylene monooxygenase (ToMO) from Pseudomonas sp. OX1 is a bacterial multicomponent monooxygenase (BMM) that is able to hydroxylate a wide array of aromatic compounds and has already proven to be a versatile biochemical tool to produce mono- and dihydroxylated derivatives of aromatic compounds. The molecular determinants of its regioselectivity and substrate specificity have been thoroughly investigated, and a computational strategy has been developed which allows designing mutants able to hydroxylate non-natural substrates of this enzyme to obtain high-added value compounds of commercial interest. In this work, we have investigated the use of recombinant ToMO, expressed in cells of Escherichia coli strain JM109, for the biotransformation of non-natural substrates of this enzyme such as 2-phenoxyethanol, phthalan and 2-indanol to produce six hydroxylated derivatives. The hydroxylated products obtained were identified, isolated and their antioxidant potential was assessed both in vitro, using the DPPH assay, and on the rat cardiomyoblast cell line H9c2. Incubation of H9c2 cells with the hydroxylated compounds obtained from ToMO-catalyzed biotransformation induced a differential protective effect towards a mild oxidative stress induced by the presence of sodium arsenite. The results obtained confirm once again the versatility of the ToMO system for oxyfunctionalization reactions of biotechnological importance. Moreover, the hydroxylated derivatives obtained possess an interesting antioxidant potential that encourages the use of the enzyme for further functionalization reactions and their possible use as scaffolds to design novel bioactive molecules.
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130
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Pérez-Mañá C, Farré M, Rodríguez-Morató J, Papaseit E, Pujadas M, Fitó M, Robledo P, Covas MI, Cheynier V, Meudec E, Escudier JL, de la Torre R. Moderate consumption of wine, through both its phenolic compounds and alcohol content, promotes hydroxytyrosol endogenous generation in humans. A randomized controlled trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1213-6. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Pérez-Mañá
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group; Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- Department of Pharmacology; Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona; Cerdanyola Spain
| | - Magí Farré
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group; Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- Department of Pharmacology; Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona; Cerdanyola Spain
| | - Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group; Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Santiago de Compostela; Spain
| | - Esther Papaseit
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group; Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- Department of Pharmacology; Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona; Cerdanyola Spain
| | - Mitona Pujadas
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group; Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Santiago de Compostela; Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Santiago de Compostela; Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
| | - Patricia Robledo
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group; Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF); Barcelona Spain
| | - Maria-Isabel Covas
- CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Santiago de Compostela; Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- NUPROAS Handesbolag (NUPROAS HB); Nacka Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Rafael de la Torre
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group; Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Santiago de Compostela; Spain
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131
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Rodríguez-Morató J, Xicota L, Fitó M, Farré M, Dierssen M, de la Torre R. Potential role of olive oil phenolic compounds in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Molecules 2015; 20:4655-80. [PMID: 25781069 PMCID: PMC6272603 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been associated with a reduced incidence of neurodegenerative diseases and better cognitive performance. Virgin olive oil, the main source of lipids in the MD, is rich in minor phenolic components, particularly hydroxytyrosol (HT). HT potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions have attracted researchers' attention and may contribute to neuroprotective effects credited to MD. In this review HT bioavailability and pharmacokinetics are presented prior to discussing health beneficial effects. In vitro and in vivo neuroprotective effects together with its multiple mechanisms of action are reviewed. Other microconstituents of olive oil are also considered due to their potential neuroprotective effects (oleocanthal, triterpenic acids). Finally, we discuss the potential role of HT as a therapeutic tool in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - Laura Xicota
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Cellular & Systems Neurobiology Research Group, Center of Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Montse Fitó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Magí Farré
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain.
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Cellular & Systems Neurobiology Research Group, Center of Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
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132
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Herrmann US, Sonati T, Falsig J, Reimann RR, Dametto P, O’Connor T, Li B, Lau A, Hornemann S, Sorce S, Wagner U, Sanoudou D, Aguzzi A. Prion infections and anti-PrP antibodies trigger converging neurotoxic pathways. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004662. [PMID: 25710374 PMCID: PMC4339193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prions induce lethal neurodegeneration and consist of PrPSc, an aggregated conformer of the cellular prion protein PrPC. Antibody-derived ligands to the globular domain of PrPC (collectively termed GDL) are also neurotoxic. Here we show that GDL and prion infections activate the same pathways. Firstly, both GDL and prion infection of cerebellar organotypic cultured slices (COCS) induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accordingly, ROS scavenging, which counteracts GDL toxicity in vitro and in vivo, prolonged the lifespan of prion-infected mice and protected prion-infected COCS from neurodegeneration. Instead, neither glutamate receptor antagonists nor inhibitors of endoplasmic reticulum calcium channels abolished neurotoxicity in either model. Secondly, antibodies against the flexible tail (FT) of PrPC reduced neurotoxicity in both GDL-exposed and prion-infected COCS, suggesting that the FT executes toxicity in both paradigms. Thirdly, the PERK pathway of the unfolded protein response was activated in both models. Finally, 80% of transcriptionally downregulated genes overlapped between prion-infected and GDL-treated COCS. We conclude that GDL mimic the interaction of PrPSc with PrPC, thereby triggering the downstream events characteristic of prion infection. Prion diseases are a group of infectious, invariably fatal neurodegenerative diseases. Progress in developing therapeutics is slow, partly because animal models of prion diseases require stringent biosafety and are very slow. We recently found that treatment of cerebellar slices with antibodies targeting the globular domain (GD ligands) of the prion protein (PrP) is neurotoxic. Here we compared this model to prion infection, and describe striking similarities. Both models involved the production of reactive oxygen species, and antioxidants could reverse the toxicity in cerebellar slices and even prolong the survival time of prion-infected mice. Antibodies targeting the flexible tail of PrP that prevent toxicity of GD ligands reduced the toxicity induced by prions. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, which is involved in prion toxicity, is also found in GD-ligand induced neurotoxicity. Finally, changes of gene expression were similar in both models. We conclude that prion infection and GD ligands use converging neurotoxic pathways. Because GD ligands induce toxicity within days rather than months and do not pose biosafety hazards, they may represent a powerful tool for furthering our understanding of prion pathogenesis and also for the discovery of antiprion drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uli S. Herrmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tiziana Sonati
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeppe Falsig
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regina R. Reimann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Dametto
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tracy O’Connor
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bei Li
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Agnes Lau
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Hornemann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Sorce
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Uli Wagner
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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133
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Uribe E, Pasten A, Lemus-Mondaca R, Vega-Gálvez A, Quispe-Fuentes I, Ortiz J, Di Scala K. Comparison of Chemical Composition, Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Three Olive-Waste Cakes. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Uribe
- Department of Food Engineering; Universidad de La Serena; La Serena Chile
| | - A. Pasten
- Department of Food Engineering; Universidad de La Serena; La Serena Chile
| | - R. Lemus-Mondaca
- Department of Food Engineering; Universidad de La Serena; La Serena Chile
| | - A. Vega-Gálvez
- Department of Food Engineering; Universidad de La Serena; La Serena Chile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA); La Serena Chile
| | - I. Quispe-Fuentes
- Department of Food Engineering; Universidad de La Serena; La Serena Chile
| | - J. Ortiz
- Department of Food Science and Chemical Technology; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - K. Di Scala
- Food Engineering Research Group; Facultad de Ingeniería; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Av. Juan B. Justo 4302 Mar del Plata 7600 Argentina
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas); Buenos Aires Argentina
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134
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Reboredo-Rodríguez P, González-Barreiro C, Cancho-Grande B, Fregapane G, Salvador MD, Simal-Gándara J. BlendingLocalolive oils with Arbequina or Picual oils produces high quality, distinctive EVOOs. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Reboredo-Rodríguez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group; Analytical and Food Chemistry Department. Faculty of Food Science and Technology; University of Vigo; Ourense Spain
| | - Carmen González-Barreiro
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group; Analytical and Food Chemistry Department. Faculty of Food Science and Technology; University of Vigo; Ourense Spain
| | - Beatriz Cancho-Grande
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group; Analytical and Food Chemistry Department. Faculty of Food Science and Technology; University of Vigo; Ourense Spain
| | - Giuseppe Fregapane
- Food Technology Department; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real Spain
| | | | - Jesus Simal-Gándara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group; Analytical and Food Chemistry Department. Faculty of Food Science and Technology; University of Vigo; Ourense Spain
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135
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Sánchez-Fidalgo S, Villegas I, Aparicio-Soto M, Cárdeno A, Rosillo MÁ, González-Benjumea A, Marset A, López Ó, Maya I, Fernández-Bolaños JG, Alarcón de la Lastra C. Effects of dietary virgin olive oil polyphenols: hydroxytyrosyl acetate and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylglycol on DSS-induced acute colitis in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:513-20. [PMID: 25736481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol, a polyphenolic compound from extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has exhibited an improvement in a model of DSS-induced colitis. However, other phenolic compounds present such as hydroxytyrosyl acetate (HTy-Ac) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) need to be explored to complete the understanding of the overall effects of EVOO on inflammatory colon mucosa. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of both HTy-Ac and DHPG dietary supplementation in the inflammatory response associated to colitis model. Six-week-old mice were randomized in four dietary groups: sham and control groups received standard diet, and other two groups were fed with HTy-Ac and DHPG, respectively, at 0.1%. After 30 days, all groups except sham received 3% DSS in drinking water for 5 days followed by a regime of 5 days of water. Acute inflammation was evaluated by Disease Activity Index (DAI), histology and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Colonic expression of iNOS, COX-2, MAPKs, NF-kB and FOXP3 were determined by western blotting. Only HTy-Ac-supplemented group showed a significant DAI reduction as well as an improvement of histological damage and MPO. COX-2 and iNOS protein expression were also significantly reduced. In addition, this dietary group down-regulated JNK phosphorylation and prevented the DSS-induced nuclear translocation level of p65. However, no significant differences were observed in the FOXP3 expression. These results demonstrated, for the first time, that HTy-Ac exerts an antiinflammatory effect on acute ulcerative colitis. We concluded that HTy-Ac supplement might provide a basis for developing a new dietary strategy for the prevention of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Villegas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville
| | | | - Ana Cárdeno
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville
| | | | | | - Azucena Marset
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville
| | - Óscar López
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville
| | - Inés Maya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville
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136
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Aparicio-Soto M, Sánchez-Fidalgo S, González-Benjumea A, Maya I, Fernández-Bolaños JG, Alarcón-de-la-Lastra C. Naturally occurring hydroxytyrosol derivatives: hydroxytyrosyl acetate and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol modulate inflammatory response in murine peritoneal macrophages. Potential utility as new dietary supplements. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:836-846. [PMID: 25526103 DOI: 10.1021/jf503357s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluated the effects of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) phenols, hydroxytyrosyl acetate (2) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (3), as well as two new acyl derivatives of 3, 4-(1,2-di(butanoyloxy)ethyl)benzene-1,2-diol (7) and 4-(1,2-di(lauroyloxy)ethyl)benzene-1,2-diol (8), on LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages in comparison with hydroxytyrosol (HTy, 1). Compounds 2, 3, 7, and 8 showed a strong reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging activity, reducing significantly nitrite levels with a significant decrease on iNOS expression [2 (50 μM, 0.44 ± 0.03; 100 μM, 0.44 ± 0.01; p < 0.01); 3 (50 μM, 0.37 ± 0.03; 100 μM, 0.37 ± 0.01; p < 0.001); 7 (50 μM, 0.45 ± 0.06; p < 0.01)] . However, only 2 and 3 down-regulated COX-2 expression [2 (50 μM, 0.72 ± 0.04, p < 0.05; 100 μM, 0.54 ± 0.06, p < 0.01); 3 (50 μM, 0.56 ± 0.05, p < 0.05; 100 μM, 0.37 ± 0.04; p < 0.001)] and prevented IKBα degradation [2 (100 μM, 1.63 ± 0.14, p < 0.01); 3 (100 μM, 1.82 ± 0.09; p < 0.01)] ; the diacylated compounds 7 and 8 showed worse anti-inflammatory activity than the parent 3. In conclusion, 2 and 3 phenolic derivatives could play an important role in the anti-inflammatory effect of EVOO. The implication of this study for the nutrition and general health of the population rests in the possible use of natural HTy derivatives with better hydrophilic/lipophilic balance, thus improving its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles, as new dietary supplements in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Aparicio-Soto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville , Profesor García González Street 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
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137
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Crisante F, Taresco V, Donelli G, Vuotto C, Martinelli A, D’Ilario L, Pietrelli L, Francolini I, Piozzi A. Antioxidant Hydroxytyrosol-Based Polyacrylate with Antimicrobial and Antiadhesive Activity Versus Staphylococcus Epidermidis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 901:25-36. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2015_5013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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138
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Lepore SM, Morittu VM, Celano M, Trimboli F, Oliverio M, Procopio A, Di Loreto C, Damante G, Britti D, Bulotta S, Russo D. Oral Administration of Oleuropein and Its Semisynthetic Peracetylated Derivative Prevents Hepatic Steatosis, Hyperinsulinemia, and Weight Gain in Mice Fed with High Fat Cafeteria Diet. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:431453. [PMID: 26798341 PMCID: PMC4700197 DOI: 10.1155/2015/431453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The high consumption of olive tree products in the Mediterranean diet has been associated with a lower incidence of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. In particular, the protective effects of olive oil have been attributed to the presence of polyphenols such as oleuropein (Ole) and its derivatives. We have synthesized a peracetylated derivative of Ole (Ac-Ole) which has shown in vitro antioxidant and growth-inhibitory activity higher than the natural molecule. In this study, male C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice were fed with a standard (std), cafeteria (caf) diet, and caf diet supplemented with Ole (0.037 mmol/kg/day) and Ac-Ole (0.025 mmol/kg/day) for 15 weeks. We observed a significant reduction in the caf diet-induced body weight gain and increase of abdominal adipose tissue. Also, Ole and Ac-Ole prevented the development of hepatic steatosis. Finally, Ole and Ac-Ole determined a lower increase of HDL and LDL-cholesterol levels and corrected caf diet-induced elevation of plasma glucose concentrations by improving insulin sensitivity. The observed beneficial properties of Ole and Ac-Ole make these compounds and in particular Ac-Ole promising candidates for a potential pharmaceutic use in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Massimo Lepore
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Maria Morittu
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marilena Celano
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Trimboli
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Manuela Oliverio
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carla Di Loreto
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Bulotta
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- *Stefania Bulotta: and
| | - Diego Russo
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- *Diego Russo:
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139
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Rigacci S. Olive Oil Phenols as Promising Multi-targeting Agents Against Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 863:1-20. [PMID: 26092624 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18365-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid diseases are characterized by the deposition of typically aggregated proteins/peptides in tissues, associated with degeneration and progressive functional impairment. Alzheimer's disease is one of the most studied neurodegenerative amyloid diseases and, in Western countries, a significant cause of dementia in the elderly. The so-called "Mediterranean diet" has been considered for long as the healthier dietary regimen, characterised by a great abundance in vegetables and fruits, extra virgin olive oil as the main source of fat, a moderate consumption of red wine and a reduced intake of proteins from red meat. Recent epidemiological studies support the efficacy of the Mediterranean diet not only against cardiovascular and cancer diseases (as previously demonstrated) but also against the cognitive decline associated with ageing, and several data are highlighting the role played by natural phenols, of which red wine and extra virgin olive oil are rich, in such context. In the meantime, studies conducted both in vivo and in vitro have started to reveal the great potential of the phenolic component of extra virgin olive oil (mainly oleuropein aglycone and oleocanthal) in counteracting amyloid aggregation and toxicity, with a particular emphasis on the pathways involved in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease: amyloid precursor protein processing, amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide and tau aggregation, autophagy impairment, neuroinflammation. The aim of this review is to summarize the results of such research efforts, showing how the action of these phenols goes far beyond their renowned antioxidant activity and revealing their potential as multi-targeting agents against Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Rigacci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy,
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140
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Characterisation of extra virgin olive oils from Galician autochthonous varieties and their co-crushings with Arbequina and Picual cv. Food Chem 2014; 176:493-503. [PMID: 25624261 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current trend of the olive oil market is the production of high quality extra from traditional minor olive varieties with peculiar and differentiated characteristics (especially with respect to the aromatic and phenolic composition). In this way, the interest of Galician oil producers (NW Spain) in recovering old autochthonous Local olive fruits has increased substantially in recent years. In order to investigate the potential of the Local olives by either producing high quality monovarietal oils or mixing with the most widespread olives in Galicia (Arbequina and Picual cv.), quality indices, and fatty acid composition as well as volatile and phenolic profiles were determined and compared. All EVOOs studied in this work can be considered as "extra virgin olive oil" due to quality indices fell within the ranges established in legislation. Picual and Local olive oils as well as those resulting from their co-crushing reach values which are required by EU legislation to add the specific health claim on the oil label. Co-crushing Picual:Local (80:20) provided a significant enhancement of grass and apple nuances and a decrease of banana notes with respect to Picual oils. The co-crushing process improved sensory and health properties of Picual extra virgin olive oils. The effect of co-crushing on phenolics, ester volatiles and banana nuances cannot be easily modulated, contrary to quality indices and fatty acid composition, both changing linearly in strict correlation with the fruit mass ratio.
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141
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Liu H, Huang H, Li B, Wu D, Wang F, Zheng XH, Chen Q, Wu B, Fan X. Olive oil in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis after artificial menopause. Clin Interv Aging 2014; 9:2087-95. [PMID: 25506212 PMCID: PMC4259560 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s72006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The goal of this study was to investigate the anti-osteoporosis effect of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) in vivo, and explore its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties in Sprague Dawley rats and its anticancer properties in patients. Materials and methods A total of 120 healthy female Sprague Dawley rats aged 6 months were divided into four groups: 1) sham-operated control (Sham group, n=30); 2) ovariectomized (OVX group, n=30); 3) ovariectomized rats supplemented with EVOO (OVX + Olive, n=30); 4) ovariectomized rats supplemented with estrogen (OVX + E2, n=30). EVOO and estrogen were administered by oral gavage at a dose of 1 mL/100 g weight on a daily basis for 12 consecutive weeks. Twelve weeks later blood samples were obtained to detect the levels of calcium, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus, interleukin-6 (IL-6), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), and nitrate content. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometer measured bone mineral density (BMD) of ovariectomized Sprague Dawley rats that had been fed olive oil for 3 months. Blood samples from patients, who regularly consumed olive oil over a 1 year period were also used to measure carbohydrate antigen 125, carcino-embryonic antigen, α-fetoprotein, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels. BMD of lumbar spine and left femur was also evaluated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results Animal experiments showed that EVOO significantly increased BMD and decreased phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, IL-6, MDA, and nitrate levels. However, it had no significant effect on the Ca2+ level. In clinical follow-up, EVOO also improved patient BMD levels on L3, L4, and left femoral neck, and reduced carbohydrate antigen 125, α-fetoprotein, and carcino-embryonic antigen levels. But it had no significant effect on the carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level. Conclusion EVOO illustrated significant anti-osteoporosis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties in vivo. However, further studies are required to determine the active component(s) responsible for these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Boheng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao hua Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxia Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Bifang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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142
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Vilaplana-Pérez C, Auñón D, García-Flores LA, Gil-Izquierdo A. Hydroxytyrosol and potential uses in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and AIDS. Front Nutr 2014; 1:18. [PMID: 25988120 PMCID: PMC4428486 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2014.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol is one of the main phenolic components of olive oil. It is present in the fruit and leaf of the olive (Olea europaea L.). During the past decades, it has been well documented that this phenolic compound has health benefits and a protective action has been found in preclinical studies against several diseases. Here, we review its bioavailability in human beings and several assays showing significant results related with cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Mechanisms of action include potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, among others. The importance of hydroxytyrosol in protection of low-density lipoproteins and consequently its implication in the reduction of cardiovascular disease risk has been highlighted by the European Food Safety Authority, concluding that 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives should be consumed daily to reach this effect at physiological level. We discuss the potential uses of this compound in supplements, nutraceutic foods, or topical formulations in the disease risk reduction. Finally, we conclude that more studies are needed to sustain or reject many other health claims not yet fully documented and to validate these newly available hydroxytyrosol-based products, because it seems to be a good candidate to reduce the risk of diseases mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Vilaplana-Pérez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC , Murcia , Spain
| | - David Auñón
- Department of Research and Development, Seprox BIOTECH, S.L. , Madrid , Spain
| | - Libia A García-Flores
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC , Murcia , Spain
| | - Angel Gil-Izquierdo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC , Murcia , Spain
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143
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Scoditti E, Capurso C, Capurso A, Massaro M. Vascular effects of the Mediterranean diet-part II: role of omega-3 fatty acids and olive oil polyphenols. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 63:127-34. [PMID: 25446163 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The lower occurrence of cardiovascular disease and cancer in populations around the Mediterranean basin as detected in the 1950s was correctly attributed to the peculiar dietary habits of those populations. Essentially, until the mid-20th century, typical Mediterranean diets were rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole-wheat bread, nuts, fish, and, as a common culinary trait, the routine use of extra-virgin olive oil. Nowadays, the regular adoption of such dietary patterns is still thought to result in healthful benefits. Such patterns ensure the assumption of molecules with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, among which ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), ω-9 monounsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid), and phenolic compounds. The aim of this review is to provide an update of the vasculo-protective pathways mediated by ω-3 PUFAs and polyphenols in the context of the modern Mediterranean dietary habits, including the possible cross-talk and synergy between these typical components. This review complements a parallel one focusing on the role of dietary nitrates and alimentary fats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Cristiano Capurso
- Dept. of Medical and Surgical Science, Section on Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Foggia, Italy.
| | - Antonio Capurso
- Faculty of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Gerontology, University of Bari, Italy.
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy.
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144
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Martin D, Moran-Valero MI, Casado V, Reglero G, Torres CF. Phosphatidyl derivative of hydroxytyrosol. In vitro intestinal digestion, bioaccessibility, and its effect on antioxidant activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9751-9759. [PMID: 25255083 DOI: 10.1021/jf503477h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal digestion of phosphatidyl derivatives of HT (PHT) and its bioaccessibility under in vitro conditions was performed. First, an in vitro intestinal digestion model for phospholipids was developed. The impact of digestion in the antioxidant ability of PHT was also assayed. PHT was progressively hydrolyzed to lyso-PHT. However, digestion was slower than the phospholipid control. Nevertheless, most hydrolysis products were found at the micellar phase fraction, meaning a high bioaccessibility. Either PHT or digested PHT showed lower antioxidant activity than HT. However, PHT improved its antioxidant ability after digestion, likely related to lyso-PHT. As a summary, the synthetic phosphatidyl derivative of HT as PHT is recognized by phospholipases during simulation of intestinal digestion, although less efficiently than analogous phospholipids. Nevertheless, taking into account the bioaccessibility and the antioxidant activity of digested PHT, the potential of carriers of HT under the form of phospholipids might be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Martin
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM) , 28049 Madrid, Spain
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145
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Hydroxytyrosol prevents increase of osteoarthritis markers in human chondrocytes treated with hydrogen peroxide or growth-related oncogene α. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109724. [PMID: 25279550 PMCID: PMC4184903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a phenolic compound mainly derived from olives, has been proposed as a nutraceutical useful in prevention or treatment of degenerative diseases. In the present study we have evaluated the ability of HT to counteract the appearance of osteoarthritis (OA) features in human chondrocytes. Pre-treatment of monolayer cultures of chondrocytes with HT was effective in preventing accumulation of reactive oxidant species (ROS), DNA damage and cell death induced by H2O2 exposure, as well as the increase in the mRNA level of pro-inflammatory, matrix-degrading and hypertrophy marker genes, such as iNOS, COX-2, MMP-13, RUNX-2 and VEGF. HT alone slightly enhanced ROS production, but did not enhance cell damage and death or the expression of OA-related genes. Moreover HT was tested in an in vitro model of OA, i.e. three-dimensional micromass cultures of chondrocytes stimulated with growth-related oncogene α (GROα), a chemokine involved in OA pathogenesis and known to promote hypertrophy and terminal differentiation of chondrocytes. In micromass constructs, HT pre-treatment inhibited the increases in caspase activity and the level of the messengers for iNOS, COX-2, MMP-13, RUNX-2 and VEGF elicited by GROα. In addition, HT significantly increased the level of SIRT-1 mRNA in the presence of GROα. In conclusion, the present study shows that HT reduces oxidative stress and damage, exerts pro-survival and anti-apoptotic actions and favourably influences the expression of critical OA-related genes in human chondrocytes treated with stressors promoting OA-like features.
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146
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Xing S, Peng Y, Wang M, Chen D, Li X. In vitro human fecal microbial metabolism of Forsythoside A and biological activities of its metabolites. Fitoterapia 2014; 99:159-65. [PMID: 25281775 PMCID: PMC7126381 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the metabolism of Forsythoside A (FTA) by human fecal bacteria to clarify the relationship between its intestinal metabolism and its pharmacological activities. FTA was incubated with human fecal microflora in vitro to investigate its metabolic process, and highly sensitive and specific ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was performed using MetaboLynx software for metabolite analysis. Caffeic acid (CA) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) were obtained by hydrolysis of FTA, and CA was further hydrogenated to form 3,4-dihydroxybenzenepropionic acid (DCA). The anticomplementary, antimicrobial and antiendotoxin activities of FTA and its metabolites by human fecal microflora were evaluated in vitro with a hemolysis assay, the agar disc-diffusion method, the MIC value and the gel clot LAL assay, respectively. The metabolites showed higher biological activity than FTA, especially HT and DCA. Orally administered FTA may be metabolized to HT and DCA, and the pharmacological effects of FTA may be dependent on intestinal bacterial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mengyue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Daofeng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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147
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Troise AD, Ferracane R, Palermo M, Fogliano V. Targeted metabolite profile of food bioactive compounds by Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry: The “FancyTiles” approach. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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148
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Gallardo E, Palma-Valdés R, Espartero JL, Santiago M. In vivo striatal measurement of hydroxytyrosol, and its metabolite (homovanillic alcohol), compared with its derivative nitrohydroxytyrosol. Neurosci Lett 2014; 579:173-6. [PMID: 25072818 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds were measured by in vivo brain microdialysis in rat striatum. Basal extracellular levels of hydroxytyrosol, homovanillic alcohol and nitro-hydroxytyrosol were not detectable by HPLC with electrochemical detection. However, systemic administration of hydroxytyrosol (20 and 40mg/kg, i.p.) showed a clear increase in the extracellular level of this compound. This increase was accompanied by an increase in the extracellular level of homovanillic alcohol, a metabolite of hydroxytyrosol formed by catechol-O-methyltransferase activity. Perfusion of hydroxytyrosol (20μM) through the microdialysis cannula also produced an increase in the extracellular level of homovanillic alcohol. Systemic administration of nitro-hydroxytyrosol (20 and 40mg/kg, i.p.) produced a small increase in the extracellular level of this compound. Our data show that hydroxytyrosol is a more brain penetrant phenolic compound than nitro-hydroxytyrosol. Accordingly, there is high cerebral metabolism of hydroxytyrosol to produce homovanillic alcohol by catechol-O-methyltransferase activity, that is saturated at the higher administered dose of hydroxytyrosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gallardo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Palma-Valdés
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - José Luis Espartero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Marti Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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149
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Granados-Principal S, El-azem N, Pamplona R, Ramirez-Tortosa C, Pulido-Moran M, Vera-Ramirez L, Quiles JL, Sanchez-Rovira P, Naudí A, Portero-Otin M, Perez-Lopez P, Ramirez-Tortosa MC. Hydroxytyrosol ameliorates oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats with breast cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 90:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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150
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Martin D, Garcia-Serrano A, Casado V, Vázquez L, Reglero G, Torres CF. Antioxidant activity of phosphatidyl derivatives of hydroxytyrosol in edible oils. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Martin
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL); CEI UAM+CSIC; Madrid Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias; Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; CEI UAM+CSIC; Madrid Spain
| | - Alba Garcia-Serrano
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL); CEI UAM+CSIC; Madrid Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias; Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; CEI UAM+CSIC; Madrid Spain
| | - Víctor Casado
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL); CEI UAM+CSIC; Madrid Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias; Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; CEI UAM+CSIC; Madrid Spain
| | - Luis Vázquez
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL); CEI UAM+CSIC; Madrid Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias; Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; CEI UAM+CSIC; Madrid Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL); CEI UAM+CSIC; Madrid Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias; Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; CEI UAM+CSIC; Madrid Spain
- Imdea-Food Institute; CEI UAM+CSIC; Madrid Spain
| | - Carlos F. Torres
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL); CEI UAM+CSIC; Madrid Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias; Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; CEI UAM+CSIC; Madrid Spain
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