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Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289 ameliorates chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16189. [PMID: 33004948 PMCID: PMC7530769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral mucositis (OM) is a common complication of cancer therapy, however OM management remains unsatisfactory. There is a growing interest in the therapeutic potential of probiotics in OM due to positive findings of its use in intestinal mucositis. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of the probiotic combination Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289 strains in chemotherapy-induced OM. Mice were divided into 4 groups. PBS/water and PBS/LR groups comprised of mice injected with PBS intraperitoneally (i.p.), and were given water or the mixture of L. reuteri (LR) DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289 in water respectively. The 5-FU/water and 5-FU/LR groups comprised of mice injected with 5-FU i.p., and were given water or L. reuteri DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289 in water respectively. Histopathological analysis revealed that the oral epithelia of the 5-FU/water and 5-FU/LR groups were thinner compared to PBS/water and PBS/LR groups. However, epithelial damage was significantly reduced in the 5-FU/LR compared to 5-FU/water group. Additionally, the 5-FU/LR group showed reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in the oral mucosa. We further showed that L. reuteri reduced oxidative stress through the nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) signalling. There was no evidence of translocation of L. reuteri systemically. This study demonstrated for the first time that L. reuteri protected oral mucosa against damage induced by chemotherapy.
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102
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Invernici MM, Furlaneto FAC, Salvador SL, Ouwehand AC, Salminen S, Mantziari A, Vinderola G, Ervolino E, Santana SI, Silva PHF, Messora MR. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis HN019 presents antimicrobial potential against periodontopathogens and modulates the immunological response of oral mucosa in periodontitis patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238425. [PMID: 32960889 PMCID: PMC7508403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 (HN019) on clinical periodontal parameters (plaque accumulation and gingival bleeding), on immunocompetence of gingival tissues [expression of beta-defensin (BD)-3, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), cluster of differentiation(CD)-57 and CD-4], and on immunological properties of saliva (IgA levels) in non-surgical periodontal therapy in generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) patients. Adhesion to buccal epithelial cells (BEC) and the antimicrobial properties of HN019 were also investigated. Materials and methods Thirty patients were recruited and monitored clinically at baseline (before scaling and root planing—SRP) and after 30 and 90 days. Patients were randomly assigned to Test (SRP+Probiotic, n = 15) or Control (SRP+Placebo, n = 15) group. Probiotic lozenges were used for 30 days. Gingival tissues and saliva were immunologically analyzed. The adhesion of HN019 with or without Porphyromonas gingivalis in BEC and its antimicrobial properties were investigated in in vitro assays. Data were statistically analyzed (p<0.05). Results Test group presented lower plaque index (30 days) and lower marginal gingival bleeding (90 days) when compared with Control group. Higher BD-3, TLR4 and CD-4 expressions were observed in gingival tissues in Test group than in Control group. HN019 reduced the adhesion of P. gingivalis to BEC and showed antimicrobial potential against periodontopathogens. Conclusion Immunological and antimicrobial properties of B. lactis HN019 make it a potential probiotic to be used in non-surgical periodontal therapy of patients with GCP. Clinical relevance B. lactis HN019 may be a potential probiotic to improve the effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy. Name of the registry and registration number (ClinicalTrials.gov): “Effects of probiotic therapy in the treatment of periodontitis”—NCT03408548.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos M. Invernici
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo – USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia A. C. Furlaneto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo – USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Sérgio L. Salvador
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo – USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Seppo Salminen
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Gabriel Vinderola
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (UNL-CONICET), National University of the Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Division of Histology, Department of Basic Sciences, Dental School of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Isaías Santana
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo – USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Felix Silva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo – USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michel R. Messora
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo – USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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103
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Myneni SR, Brocavich K, Wang H. Biological strategies for the prevention of periodontal disease: Probiotics and vaccines. Periodontol 2000 2020; 84:161-175. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Rao Myneni
- Department of Periodontology Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
| | - Kristen Brocavich
- Department of Periodontology Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
| | - Howard Wang
- Department of Periodontology Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
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104
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Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius M18 on head and neck cancer patients post-radiotherapy: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13201. [PMID: 32764634 PMCID: PMC7411050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Xerostomia detrimentally affects the oral health of many head and neck cancer patients who undergo radiotherapy. Its sequelae become an ongoing burden for patients that often manifest as periodontal disease and dental decay. Bacteria play a major role in the pathogenesis of these conditions and here we explore the use of an oral probiotic to beneficially modulate the oral bacterial community post-radiotherapy. In this pilot study, a four-week intervention with oral probiotic lozenges containing Streptococcus salivarius M18 was trialled in seven patients. Post-intervention changes in oral health and in the composition of the plaque and saliva bacterial communities were compared with six patients in a placebo group. An improvement in periodontal screening and plaque index scores was observed in both groups after the intervention period. The oral probiotic lozenges did not significantly impact bacterial community composition or diversity, nor did the probiotic lozenges increase the relative sequence abundance of ZOTU_1 (the probiotic-associated sequence assigned to S. salivarius) detected in the samples. Network analyses suggest negative interactions occurred between ZOTU_1 and species from the periopathogenic genera Campylobacter, Fretibacterium, Selenomonas and Treponema but further investigation is required to more fully understand the beneficial properties of this oral probiotic.
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105
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Pudgar P, Povšič K, Čuk K, Seme K, Petelin M, Gašperšič R. Probiotic strains of Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum as adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy: 3-month results of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1411-1422. [PMID: 32666349 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if periodontitis patients benefit from treatment with Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum strains, applied into periodontal pockets as gel and thereafter taken as lozenges, as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP). MATERIALS AND METHODS In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 40 patients received scaling and root planing (SRP) in two sessions within 7 days. Patients then received either probiotic gel and lozenges (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20). The primary outcome variable was the number of diseased sites (DS: PD > 4 mm + BOP) at the 3-month re-evaluation. The effects of gender, age, probiotic therapy, presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, smoking, tooth being a molar and interdental location were evaluated using a multivariate multilevel logistic regression model. RESULTS The number of DS after 3 months was similar in the test (Me = 8, IQR = 5-11) and control (Me = 5, IQR = 1-10) groups. Both groups showed substantial but equivalent improvements in periodontal parameters. The logistic regression showed higher odds for the healing of gingival bleeding (OR = 2.12, p = 0.048) and lower odds for the healing of DS (OR = 0.51; p < 0.001) in the probiotic group. CONCLUSIONS Patients with periodontitis benefit from adjunctive use of probiotics containing L. brevis and L. plantarum in terms of reduction of gingival bleeding. However, adjunctive probiotics increase the number of persisting diseased sites with PD > 4 mm and BOP. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The adjunctive use of probiotics containing L. brevis and L. plantarum strains in treating chronic periodontitis results in a higher number of residual diseased sites when compared with SRP + placebo; its use is therefore unfounded.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pudgar
- Public Health Centre, 2360, Radlje ob Dravi, Slovenia
| | - K Povšič
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski trg 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - K Čuk
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski trg 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - K Seme
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Petelin
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski trg 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - R Gašperšič
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski trg 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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106
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Salhi L, Sakalihasan N, Okroglic AG, Labropoulos N, Seidel L, Albert A, Teughels W, Defraigne JO, Lambert F. Further evidence on the relationship between abdominal aortic aneurysm and periodontitis: A cross-sectional study. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1453-1464. [PMID: 32329066 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by Gram-negative bacteria responsible for the degradation of tissues surrounding tooth. Moreover, periopathogens can invade the bloodstream, disseminate and promote cardiovascular disease, such as the link between Porphyromonas gingivalis and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the severity of periodontitis and of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). METHODS This cross-sectional study compared patients with stable AAA (n = 30) and patients with unstable AAA (n = 31) based on aortic diameter, growth rate, and eligibility for surgical intervention. Periodontal clinical parameters were recorded as well as the Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area and the Periodontal Index for Risk of Infectiousness (PIRI). Microbiological analyses were performed on saliva and supragingival and subgingival plaque. Quantification of Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), and Prevotella intermedia (Pi) was done by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The two AAA groups were homogeneous for age, sex, and most risk factors except hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Periodontal parameters were comparable but the proportion of patients with high PIRI scores was greater in those with unstable AAA (51.6% versus 23.3%). The probing depth (PD) and the proportion of PD >6 mm were positively correlated with AAA size and thrombus volume. Several associations were found between periopathogens such as Pg and AAA diameters and volumes, but no difference could be evidenced between stable and unstable AAA groups. CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis was highly prevalent in both stable and unstable AAA patients. Severe and progressive periodontitis (stage IV and grade C) tended to be more frequent in the group of patients with unstable AAA. Moreover, Pg was observed in all the samples (saliva, supragingival, and subgingival plaque) and was correlated with AAA diameters and volumes. The study evidenced potential relationships between periodontitis severity and size of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Salhi
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Natzi Sakalihasan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ambre Gau Okroglic
- Department of Medical Imagery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicos Labropoulos
- Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Laurence Seidel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Adelin Albert
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Wim Teughels
- Department of Periodontology, Research Group for Microbial Adhesion, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Olivier Defraigne
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - France Lambert
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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107
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Pelekos G, Acharya A, Eiji N, Hong G, Leung WK, McGrath C. Effects of adjunctive probiotic L. reuteri lozenges on S/RSD outcomes at molar sites with deep pockets. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:1098-1107. [PMID: 32511775 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate effects of probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) lozenges as an S/RSD adjunct on site-level changes at molars with deep pockets. MATERIALS AND METHODS 447 molar sites with pockets ≥ 5 mm from a previous randomized clinical trial of adjunctive L. reuteri lozenges for 28 days were analyzed. Multilevel mixed-effect models (MLM) were constructed to analyze site-level outcomes "change in CAL" and "pocket closure" (residual PPD < 5 mm) in placebo and probiotic groups at 90 and 180 days. Possible patient-, tooth-, and site-level predictors were analyzed as fixed-effects. RESULTS Estimated change in CAL in probiotic (90 day: 0.87 mm, 180 day: 0.68 mm) was greater than placebo treated molar sites (90 day: 0.73 mm, 180 day: 0.66 mm) and the relative risk (RR) of pocket closure in the probiotic group (90 day: 1.7, 180 day: 1.6) was higher as compared to placebo. Furcation involvement and BOP at site predicted significantly worse treatment outcomes. CONCLUSION As compared to S/RSD with placebo, a 28-day course of adjunctive probiotic L. reuteri lozenges improved CAL change at molar sites with ≥ 5 mm deep pockets and conferred a higher probability of shallow residual pocket depth. Presence of furcation-involvement and bleeding on probing worsened treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Pelekos
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aneesha Acharya
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, D.Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Nemoto Eiji
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Guang Hong
- Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wai Keung Leung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Colman McGrath
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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108
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Miessi DMJ, Garcia VG, Ervolino E, Scalet V, Nuernberg MAA, Dos Santos Neto OM, da Rocha TE, Theodoro LH. Lactobacillus reuteri associated with scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontitis in rats submitted to chemotherapy. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104825. [PMID: 32622257 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus reuteri applied locally or systemically with scaling and root planing (SRP) to the treatment of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats treated with 5-fluorouracil. METHODS A cotton ligature was installed on the molars of rats. The animals (n = 54) underwent chemotherapy and were divided into groups: SRP (n = 18), scaling and root planing only; LP (n = 18), SRP and 4 sessions of local probiotic (PRO); SP, SRP and 4 sessions of systemic PRO. The molar furcation area was submitted to histopathological, histometric of alveolar bone loss (ABL) and immunolabeling analysis after euthanasia at 7, 15 and 30 days. The data were submitted to statistical analysis (α = 5%). RESULTS At 15 days ABL was higher in LP compared to SP. At 30 days, ABL was higher in LP compared to SRP and SP. Higher immunolabeling of TGF-β1 was observed in LP and SP at 7 days compared to SRP (p < 0.05). Lower immunolabeling of OCN and higher immunolabeling of RANKL were observed at all periods in SRP compared to SP (p < 0.05). At 30 days, SRP showed lower immunolabeling of OPG compared to SP and LP (p < 0.05). In SP, lower immunolabeling was observed at 15 days compared at 30 days (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The ABL was similar among the groups treated with SRP associated or not to probiotic therapeutic, although the systemic use of Lactobacillus reuteri considerably reduced inflammation and favored periodontal tissues repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Janjácomo Miessi
- Periodontics Division, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Valdir Gouveia Garcia
- Periodontics Division, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Latin American Institute of Dental Research and Education (ILAPEO), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Scalet
- Periodontics Division, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marta Aparecida Alberton Nuernberg
- Periodontics Division, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Otavio Marino Dos Santos Neto
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University (USP). Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Esgalha da Rocha
- Periodontics Division, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Leticia Helena Theodoro
- Periodontics Division, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
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109
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Moman R, O'Neill CA, Ledder RG, Cheesapcharoen T, McBain AJ. Mitigation of the Toxic Effects of Periodontal Pathogens by Candidate Probiotics in Oral Keratinocytes, and in an Invertebrate Model. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:999. [PMID: 32612578 PMCID: PMC7308727 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The larvae of the wax moth Galleria mellonella and human oral keratinocytes were used to investigate the protective activity of the candidate oral probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LHR), Lactobacillus reuteri (LR), and Streptococcus salivarius K-12 (SS) against the periodontal pathogens Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN), Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (AA). Probiotics were delivered to the larvae (i) concomitantly with the pathogen in the same larval pro-leg; (ii) concomitantly with the pathogen in different pro-legs, and (iii) before inoculation with the pathogen in different pro-legs. Probiotics were delivered as viable cells, cell lysates or cell supernatants to the oral keratinocytes concomitantly with the pathogen. The periodontal pathogens killed at least 50% of larvae within 24 h although PG and FN were significantly more virulent than AA in the order FN > PG > AA and were also significantly lethal to mammalian cells. The candidate probiotics, however, were not lethal to the larvae or human oral keratinocytes at doses up to 107 cells/larvae. Wax worm survival rates increased up to 60% for some probiotic/pathogen combinations compared with control larvae inoculated with pathogens only. SS was the most effective probiotic against FN challenge and LHR the least, in simultaneous administration and pre-treatment, SS and LR were generally the most protective against all pathogens (up to 60% survival). For P. gingivalis, LR > LHR > SS, and for A. actinomycetemcomitans SS > LHR and LR. Administering the candidate probiotics to human oral keratinocytes significantly decreased the toxic effects of the periodontal pathogens. In summary, the periodontal pathogens were variably lethal to G. mellonella and human oral keratinocytes and the candidate probiotics had measurable protective effects, which were greatest when administrated simultaneously with the periodontal pathogens, suggesting protective effects based on bacterial interaction, and providing a basis for mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Moman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Catherine A O'Neill
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth G Ledder
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tanaporn Cheesapcharoen
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J McBain
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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110
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Mendes FSF, Garcia LM, Moraes TDS, Casemiro LA, Alcântara CBD, Ambrósio SR, Veneziani RCS, Miranda MLD, Martins CHG. Antibacterial activity of salvia officinalis L. against periodontopathogens: An in vitro study. Anaerobe 2020; 63:102194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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111
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Nguyen T, Brody H, Lin GH, Rangé H, Kuraji R, Ye C, Kamarajan P, Radaic A, Gao L, Kapila Y. Probiotics, including nisin-based probiotics, improve clinical and microbial outcomes relevant to oral and systemic diseases. Periodontol 2000 2020; 82:173-185. [PMID: 31850634 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of probiotic supplementation on systemic health and gastrointestinal diseases have been investigated in numerous studies. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of probiotics and their effects on periodontal health. Probiotics show beneficial effects as adjunctive therapeutics and as stand-alone agents in the treatment and prevention of gingivitis as well as specific clinical parameters of periodontitis. This review focuses on the clinical and microbiological aspects of probiotics in the context of health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. In addition, a special focus on nisin-producing probiotics and nisin itself showcase their significant potential for oral and systemic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Nguyen
- School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hanna Brody
- School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Guo-Hao Lin
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hélène Rangé
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Periodontology, UFR of Odontology, APHP, Rothschild Hospital, University of Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France
| | - Ryutaro Kuraji
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Life Science Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Changchang Ye
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Allan Radaic
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, The University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Periodontology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yvonne Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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112
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Chatzigiannidou I, Teughels W, Van de Wiele T, Boon N. Oral biofilms exposure to chlorhexidine results in altered microbial composition and metabolic profile. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2020; 6:13. [PMID: 32198347 PMCID: PMC7083908 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-0124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases (e.g., dental caries, periodontitis) are developed when the healthy oral microbiome is imbalanced allowing the increase of pathobiont strains. Common practice to prevent or treat such diseases is the use of antiseptics, like chlorhexidine. However, the impact of these antiseptics on the composition and metabolic activity of the oral microbiome is poorly addressed. Using two types of oral biofilms—a 14-species community (more controllable) and human tongue microbiota (more representative)—the impact of short-term chlorhexidine exposure was explored in-depth. In both models, oral biofilms treated with chlorhexidine exhibited a pattern of inactivation (>3 log units) and fast regrowth to the initial bacterial concentrations. Moreover, the chlorhexidine treatment induced profound shifts in microbiota composition and metabolic activity. In some cases, disease associated traits were increased (such as higher abundance of pathobiont strains or shift in high lactate production). Our results highlight the need for alternative treatments that selectively target the disease-associated bacteria in the biofilm without targeting the commensal microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wim Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
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113
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Ercan N, Olgun E, Kisa Ü, Yalim M. Effect of synbiotics in the treatment of smokers and non-smokers with gingivitis: randomized controlled trial. Aust Dent J 2020; 65:210-219. [PMID: 32147827 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the efficacy of synbiotic tablets on the clinical and biochemical parameters of smokers and non-smokers with gingivitis. METHODS Eighty patients with gingivitis [40 smokers (+), 40 non-smokers (-)] were randomly assigned to test (T) or control (C) groups. Four groups were defined: T(+), T(-), C(+) and C(-). The subjects daily chewed a synbiotic or placebo tablet for 30 days. The gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were determined as the primary outcome variables. RESULTS The clinical and biochemical parameters for all groups significantly reduced compared with the baseline (P < 0.05). While there were no significant differences between the groups for gingival index, the plaque index was significantly higher in both smoker groups than that in the T(-) group during the second month (P < 0.05). IL-8 levels in C(-) and IL-6 levels in both control groups were significantly higher than those in the T(+) group. The IL-10 levels in both control groups were significantly higher than those in the T(-) group during the second month (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive synbiotic tablets significantly reduce subclinical therapeutic outcomes for both smokers and non-smokers compared with placebo according to the biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ercan
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - E Olgun
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ü Kisa
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - M Yalim
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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114
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Vives-Soler A, Chimenos-Küstner E. Effect of probiotics as a complement to non-surgical periodontal therapy in chronic periodontitis: a systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2020; 25:e161-e167. [PMID: 31893476 PMCID: PMC7103449 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve the results of the classic periodontal treatment, probiotics have been suggested recently to decrease the number of bacteria and the expression of mediators of inflammation. This systematic review aimed to assess the literature for the effectiveness of different probiotic strains as adjuvants to non-surgical periodontal therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The electronic database of MEDLINE (via Pubmed) was searched up to December 2017 for randomised clinical trials in English comparing non-surgical periodontal treatment and probiotics versus periodontal treatment and placebo. The primary outcome investigated was reduction in pocket probing depth. Secondary outcomes were bleeding on probing, plaque index reduction and bacteria counts. RESULTS Nine trials were included. A narrative data synthesis did not result in any major improvement of overall pocket probing depth but moderate pockets from 4 to 6 mm showed larger reductions in study groups, which could decrease the need for surgery. Sites with bleeding on probing and presence of plaque decreased after treatment. For periimplant mucositis, there was a small tendency to better results in the study group. CONCLUSIONS With the available data, it is concluded that probiotics may provide an additional benefit to manual debridement in chronic periodontitis. More studies are required on dose, route of administration and strains of probiotics used.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vives-Soler
- C/Sabino Arana, 6, 10th floor 1st door 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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115
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Schlagenhauf U, Rehder J, Gelbrich G, Jockel‐Schneider Y. Consumption of
Lactobacillus reuteri
‐containing lozenges improves periodontal health in navy sailors at sea: A randomized controlled trial. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1328-1338. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Götz Gelbrich
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
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116
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In vitro inhibitory effect of two commercial probiotics on chromogenic actinomycetes. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2020; 21:673-677. [PMID: 32034698 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Black extrinsic discoloration is a common clinical and aesthetic problem. This study aims to evaluate the potential in vitro antagonistic activity of two commercial probiotics, Streptococcus salivarius M18 and Lactobacillus reuteri ProDentis, against microorganisms associated with black stains. METHODS Streptococcus salivarius M18 and Lactobacillus reuteri were tested against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Actinomyces naeslundiiusing their cell-free fermentative broth in a planktonic growth inhibition test. RESULTS Both probiotic cell-free supernatants showed the ability to reduce the pathogenic bacteria growth in a dose-dependent way. Streptococcus salivarius M18 showed a stronger antimicrobial activity than Lactobacillus reuteri ProDentis against the two indicator strains used. A. naeslundi was less susceptible to the probiotic activity of both S. salivarius and L. reuteri compared to A. actinomycetemcomitans. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results demonstrate a potent antagonistic ability of probiotics to reduce the growth of microorganisms associated with black tooth stains. Therefore, these strains could be evaluated for a therapeutic use against dental pigmentations.
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117
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Gao J, Yu S, Zhu X, Yan Y, Zhang Y, Pei D. Does Probiotic Lactobacillus Have an Adjunctive Effect in the Nonsurgical Treatment of Peri-Implant Diseases? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2020; 20:101398. [PMID: 32381407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2020.101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the additional effect of probiotic Lactobacillus in the nonsurgical management of peri-implant diseases (peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis). METHODS Six databases were searched up to May 2019 without time and language restrictions. Study selection and data extraction were conducted independently by 2 reviewers. The inclusion criteria for this systematic review were defined based on the participants, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and study design (PICOS) format. Randomized controlled trials comparing nonsurgical treatment combined with probiotic Lactobacillus or placebo agent in patients with peri-implant diseases were included. The methodological quality of retrieved studies was assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool, and the quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to describe dichotomous data, while mean difference and standardized mean difference with 95% CI were used to describe continuous variables. RESULTS Seven randomized controlled trials with 296 implants were included in this meta-analysis. The mean difference of probing pocket depth (PPD) was -0.05 (95% CI: -0.28 to 0.18; P = .67) immediately after treatment termination and -0.17 (95% CI: -1.01 to 0.67, P = .69) at least 2 months after treatment termination. There was a slight reduction of PPD after treatment termination. Compared with placebo, Lactobacillus provided limited benefits in peri-implant mucositis. There were no significant differences in the secondary outcomes of bleeding on probing or plaque index (P > .05). In a narrative synthesis of peri-implantitis, the effect of Lactobacillus on PPD and bleeding on probing remained controversial. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that probiotic Lactobacillus provide limited benefits to the nonsurgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis or peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuchen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiufeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuzhu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dandan Pei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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118
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Ho SN, Acharya A, Sidharthan S, Li KY, Leung WK, McGrath C, Pelekos G. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical, Immunological, and Microbiological Shift in Periodontitis After Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy With Adjunctive Use of Probiotics. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2020; 20:101397. [PMID: 32381406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2020.101397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a lack of evidence regarding long-term effects of probiotics as adjuncts to nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in the management of periodontitis. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to evaluate the clinical, microbiological, and immunological outcomes of probiotics applied as an adjunct to NSPT with at least 3 months of follow-up. METHODS Electronic searches of 5 databases were performed. Clinical trials that compared the adjunctive use of probiotics in NSPT with NSPT alone, reporting clinical or immunological or microbiological outcomes, were selected. The primary clinical outcome variables were clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing pocket depth (PPD). Meta-analyses were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics over different longitudinal intervals. RESULTS Ten randomized controlled trials were included, and high heterogeneity in methods was noted. Meta-analysis revealed CAL gain, and PPD reduction in the probiotics group was significant at 3 months and 12 months, but no significant difference was noted at 6 months and 9 months. There was no significant difference in periodontal pathogen levels between groups at 3 months. Immunological data were not sufficient for quantitative analysis. Ancillary sensitivity analysis indicated a subset of studies with severe mean baseline PPD (≥5 mm) at baseline showed significant and more CAL gain and PPD reduction at 3 months, with probiotics administration of 2-4 weeks. CONCLUSION Heterogenous evidence implied a long-term clinical benefit of probiotics as an adjunct to NSPT. Outcomes may be impacted by baseline disease severity. Limited microbiological and immunological data precluded any conclusive findings. Current evidence is insufficient to formulate clinical recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Nga Ho
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aneesha Acharya
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China; Dr D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | | | - Kar Yan Li
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Keung Leung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Colman McGrath
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Georgios Pelekos
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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119
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Levi YLDAS, Picchi RN, Silva EKT, Bremer Neto H, Prado RLD, Neves ADP, Messora MR, Maia LP. Probiotic Administration Increases Mandibular Bone Mineral Density on Rats Exposed to Cigarette Smoke Inhalation. Braz Dent J 2019; 30:634-640. [PMID: 31800759 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201802862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is one of the main risk factor for periodontal disease, increasing its prevalence and severity. Probiotics emerged as an alternative for the prevention and treatment of many diseases, since it can modulate the host immune response and modify the modify the microbiome. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of probiotic administration on the periodontal tissues in rats exposed to cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI). Forty rats were allocated into the following groups (n=10): group C (control, without CSI and probiotic); group PROB (control+probiotic); group CSI (CSI) and group CSI+PROB (CSI+probiotic). Groups PROB and CSI+PROB received 2g of an association of probiotic microorganisms incorporated into the feed during 6 months. Groups CSI and CSI+PROB were exposed to CSI for 60 min daily. After six months all the animals were euthanized and the hemi-mandibles were collected and processed for microcomputed tomography analyses. Regarding the body weight of the animals, feed consumption was similar among the groups, however, after the second month groups C and PROB showed higher body weight gain when compared to groups CSI and CSI+PROB (p<0.05). Group CSI presented reduced bone mineral density (BMD), whereas group PROB showed the highest values (p=0.01). It can be concluded that administration of probiotics promoted an increase in BMD and, consequently, a protective effect on the mandibular bone structures in rats exposed to inhalation of cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Narciso Picchi
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, UNOESTE - Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Hermann Bremer Neto
- Department of Functional Sciences, UNOESTE - Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosana Leal do Prado
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, UNOESTE - Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Adrieli de Paula Neves
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, UNOESTE - Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Michel Reis Messora
- Departament of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Prado Maia
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, UNOESTE - Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, UNOPAR - Universidade Norte do Paraná, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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120
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Mousquer CR, Della Bona A, Milani DC, Callegari-Jacques SM, Ishikawa K, Mayer MPA, Rösing CK, Fornari F. Are Lactobacillus salivarius G60 and inulin more efficacious to treat patients with oral halitosis and tongue coating than the probiotic alone and placebo? A randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol 2019; 91:775-783. [PMID: 31799694 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of probiotics and prebiotics might be useful to treat oral halitosis. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Lactobacillus salivarius G60 (LS) and inulin on oral halitosis and tongue coating. METHODS In this double-masked, randomized, phase II clinical trial, 45 patients (aged 35 ± 15 years, 66% female) with oral halitosis and tongue coating were allocated to three treatment groups (n = 15) using gums of oral dissolution (one gum every 12 hours) for 10 days. Each gum contained LS (1 billion colony forming units [CFUs]) + inulin (1 g), LS (1 billion CFU) or placebo. Primary outcomes were organoleptic test, Halimeter, and tongue coating, whereas secondary outcomes were quality of life (QOL) and treatment safety. Generalized linear models were used, adjusting for age and sex. In vitro tests were performed to verify whether LS interacts with inulin and whether LS inhibits the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. RESULTS Forty-four patients (97%) completed the study. Patients treated with LS + inulin showed greater reduction in halitosis measured by Halimeter compared with placebo (adjusted post-intervention average: 96.7 versus 142.5 ppb; P = 0.003), whereas LS and placebo did not differ (115.7 versus 142.5 ppb; P = 0.097). Organoleptic measurements and coating index showed a similar decrease for all groups. QOL improved in patients treated with LS + inulin compared with placebo (P = 0.029). Side effects were mild and transient in all groups. LS did not metabolize inulin but inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis and P. intermedia after 72 hours. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with L. salivarius G60 combined or not with inulin showed significant decrease in the outcomes organoleptic test, Halimeter, and coating index, improving oral halitosis. However, no significant difference was obtained between the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Rafaela Mousquer
- Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Della Bona
- Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Daiane Cristina Milani
- Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | | | - Karin Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing
- Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernando Fornari
- Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil.,School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
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Akram Z, Shafqat SS, Aati S, Kujan O, Fawzy A. Clinical efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of gingivitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Aust Dent J 2019; 65:12-20. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Akram
- UWA Dental School University of Western Australia Nedlends Western Australia Australia
| | - SS Shafqat
- Medilink Consultation Clinics Karachi Pakistan
| | - S Aati
- UWA Dental School University of Western Australia Nedlends Western Australia Australia
| | - O Kujan
- UWA Dental School University of Western Australia Nedlends Western Australia Australia
| | - A Fawzy
- UWA Dental School University of Western Australia Nedlends Western Australia Australia
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122
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Laleman I, Pauwels M, Quirynen M, Teughels W. A dual-strain Lactobacilli reuteri probiotic improves the treatment of residual pockets: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 47:43-53. [PMID: 31520543 PMCID: PMC6973056 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aim To examine the adjunctive effect of a Lactobacillus reuteri probiotic (ATCC PTA 5289 & DSM 17938) on the re‐instrumentation of residual pockets. Materials and Methods This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study included 39 previously non‐surgically treated periodontitis patients. A re‐instrumentation was carried out, and probiotic and/or placebo drops were applied according to the study protocoll. Patients afterwards received lozenges to use 2×/day for 12 weeks. Probing pocket depth (PPD), recession, bleeding on probing and plaque levels were analysed, next to the microbiological impact. Results No effects of the probiotic drops could be found. However, after 24 weeks, the overall PPD in the probiotic lozenges group (2.64 ± 0.33 mm) was significantly lower compared to the control lozenges (2.92 ± 0.42 mm). This difference was even more pronounced in moderate (4–6 mm) and deep (≥7 mm) pockets. In the probiotic lozenges group, there were also significantly more pockets converting from ≥4 mm at baseline to ≤3 mm at 24 weeks (67 ± 18% versus 54 ± 17%) and less sites in need for surgery (4 ± 4% versus 8 ± 6%). However, the probiotic products did not influence the microbiological counts of the periodontopathogens. Conclusion The adjunctive consumption of L. reuteri lozenges after re‐instrumentation improved the PPD reduction, without an impact on pocket colonization with periodontopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Laleman
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martine Pauwels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Quirynen
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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123
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Laleman I, Pauwels M, Quirynen M, Teughels W. The usage of a lactobacilli probiotic in the non-surgical therapy of peri-implantitis: A randomized pilot study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2019; 31:84-92. [PMID: 31705683 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Examine the clinical and microbiological benefits of a dual-strain Lactobacillus reuteri probiotic on the non-surgical therapy of initial peri-implantitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized, double-blind study targeted patients with initial peri-implantitis, that is peri-implantitis with a maximum mean probing pocket depth of 6 mm and maximum 3 mm bone loss compared with loading. A full-mouth prophylaxis was performed and the peri-implantitis sites were debrided. Subsequently, local application of the study drops was carried out at the peri-implantitis sites and the study lozenges were handed out. The patients in the probiotic group received drops and lozenges containing L. reuteri (ATCC PTA 5289 & DSM 17938), those in the control group received placebo products. At the implant level the measurements of interest were bleeding, probing pocket depth and plaque. Full-mouth bleeding and plaque scores were also recorded. Microbiological samples were taken from the tongue, saliva and subgingivally around the implants. RESULTS All clinical parameters were significantly decreased after 12 and 24 weeks. At the implant level the only statistically significant difference was a greater decrease in plaque levels in the probiotic versus the control group (p = .002 at 24 weeks). At the full-mouth level, the only intergroup difference was the greater decrease in full-mouth bleeding on probing sites in the probiotic group compared with the control group (p < .001 at 24 weeks). Concerning the microbiological outcomes, no significant differences could be found at any time point, neither intra- nor intergroup. CONCLUSIONS No adjunctive effects of the use of L. reuteri probiotics in the treatment of peri-implantitis were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Laleman
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martine Pauwels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Quirynen
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Geraldo BMC, Batalha MN, Milhan NVM, Rossoni RD, Scorzoni L, Anbinder AL. Heat-killed Lactobacillus reuteri and cell-free culture supernatant have similar effects to viable probiotics during interaction with Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodontal Res 2019; 55:215-220. [PMID: 31691977 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In the last decade, numerous studies have been published to clarify the role of probiotics, especially Lactobacillus reuteri, as an adjunct to conventional periodontal treatment. Although the health benefits of probiotics are numerous, they are live bacteria, and the administration of live organisms is not risk-free. We evaluated the antimicrobial effect of L reuteri and its cell-free culture supernatant on Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone periodontal pathogen, in vitro. We also evaluated the influence of this probiotic in its live, heat-killed (HKL, paraprobiotic) form and its supernatant on the Galleria mellonella invertebrate model after infection by P gingivalis. METHODS The interaction assay was conducted with P gingivalis and L reuteri preparations (live cells and supernatant preparation). For this, P gingivalis and L reuteri preparations were added to tubes containing Brain Heart Infusion broth and incubated for 3 days. The suspensions were then seeded onto appropriate culture media for the calculation of colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL). An in vivo assay with the G mellonella model was also performed. Live L reuteri, HKL, or supernatant was inoculated 2 hours prior to infection with P gingivalis. Survival was evaluated over 7 days, and the number of hemocytes in the hemolymph was estimated 3 hours after P gingivalis infection. Data were then subjected to statistical testing (α = 5%). RESULTS Both live L reuteri and its supernatant had antimicrobial activity against P gingivalis (CFU reduction up to 86%, P < .05). Moreover, treatment with live and HKL had similar effects on G mellonella survival (increased survival up to 46%, P < .05). However, only live L reuteri was able to significantly increase the hemocyte density in this invertebrate model. CONCLUSION Lactobacillus reuteri antimicrobial activity against P gingivalis and its effects on G mellonella survival after infection with a periodontopathogen do not depend on cell viability. This allows the development of products without live bacterium while maintaining similar effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M C Geraldo
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Marianna N Batalha
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Noala V M Milhan
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Rodnei D Rossoni
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Ana Lia Anbinder
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
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125
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Pelekos G, Ho SN, Acharya A, Leung WK, McGrath C. A double‐blind, paralleled‐arm, placebo‐controlled and randomized clinical trial of the effectiveness of probiotics as an adjunct in periodontal care. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:1217-1227. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Pelekos
- Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Sze Nga Ho
- Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Aneesha Acharya
- Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- Dr D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital Pune India
| | - Wai Keung Leung
- Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Colman McGrath
- Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
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126
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Clinical efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri-containing lozenges in the supportive therapy of generalized periodontitis stage III and IV, grade C: 1-year results of a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:2015-2024. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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127
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Chua JCL, Hale JDF, Silcock P, Bremer PJ. Bacterial survival and adhesion for formulating new oral probiotic foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2926-2937. [PMID: 31556313 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1669528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms, which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the host. Traditionally, probiotic food research has heavily focused on the genera Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, along with their benefits for gut health. Recently with the identification of new probiotic strains specifically intended for oral health applications, the development of probiotic foods for oral health benefits has garnered interest, with a renewed focus on identifying new food formats for delivering probiotics. The development of novel oral probiotic foods is highly complex, as the composition of a food matrix dictates: (1) bacterial viability during production and shelf life and (2) how bacteria partition with components within a food matrix and subsequently adhere to oral cavity surfaces. At present, virtually no information is available on oral probiotic strains such as Streptococcus salivarius; specifically, how orally-derived strains survive under different food parameters. Furthermore, limited information exists on the partition behavior of probiotics with food components, governed by physico-chemical interactions and adhesion phenomena. This review aspires to examine this framework by providing a foundation with existing literature related to the common probiotic genera, in order to inform and drive future attempts of designing new oral probiotic food formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C L Chua
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | | | - Pat Silcock
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Phil J Bremer
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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128
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Meurman JH, Stamatova IV. Probiotics: Evidence of Oral Health Implications. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2019; 60:21-29. [PMID: 29668457 DOI: 10.1515/folmed-2017-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of common oral diseases, such as dental caries, periodontal diseases and oral candidiasis remains high in the general population. Various preventive strategies have been proposed and included in national health programs promoting oral health. Interest in probiotics in light of oral health has gradually evolved as attractive means in prevention of oral infectious diseases. The aim of the present review is to outline the current evidence on the role of probiotic species on oral health parameters and their beneficial role in contributing to healthier oral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka H Meurman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iva V Stamatova
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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129
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Cosme-Silva L, Dal-Fabbro R, Cintra LTA, Dos Santos VR, Duque C, Ervolino E, Mogami Bomfim S, Gomes-Filho JE. Systemic administration of probiotics reduces the severity of apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1738-1749. [PMID: 31356689 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of systemic administration of probiotics on the severity of apical periodontitis (AP). METHODOLOGY Twenty-four male Wistar rats were used. AP was induced in the maxillary left/right first molars. The animals were arranged into groups: Control, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Probiotics were administered orally for gavage (109 colony-forming units diluted in 5 mL of water for 30 days) during the development of AP. After 30 days, cardiac puncture was performed to analyse the complete blood count. Moreover, microbiological analysis of the root canal contents and saliva was performed. Then, the animals were euthanized and the jaw removed for histopathological and IL-10, IL-1β and IL-6 immunolabeling analyses. After the Shapiro-Wilk test of normality, the Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn's test was performed for nonparametric data, and analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test was performed for parametric data (P < 0.05). RESULTS No significance difference was observed in the blood profiles and in the counts of microorganisms from the saliva samples among the groups (P > 0.05). Total microorganism counts in the root canal, the inflammatory infiltrate and the immunostaining for IL-1β and IL-6 in AP were significantly lower in the probiotic groups when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). IL-10 was significantly more immunolabled in the probiotic groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Supplementation with probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus acidophilus) had a significant effect on the severity of apical periodontitis in rats, demonstrating the anti-inflammatory effect of probiotics on the development of apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - C Duque
- Department of Paediatric and Social Dentistry
| | - E Ervolino
- Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School
| | - S Mogami Bomfim
- Department of Clinic and Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Araçatuba Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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130
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Takahashi N, Sulijaya B, Yamada-Hara M, Tsuzuno T, Tabeta K, Yamazaki K. Gingival epithelial barrier: regulation by beneficial and harmful microbes. Tissue Barriers 2019; 7:e1651158. [PMID: 31389292 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2019.1651158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gingival epithelium acts as a physical barrier to separate the biofilm from the gingival tissue, providing the first line of defense against bacterial invasion in periodontal disease. Disruption of the gingival epithelial barrier, and the subsequent penetration of exogenous pathogens into the host tissues, triggers an inflammatory response, establishing chronic infection. Currently, more than 700 different bacterial species have been identified in the oral cavity, some of which are known to be periodontopathic. These bacteria contribute to epithelial barrier dysfunction in the gingiva by producing several virulence factors. However, some bacteria in the oral cavity appear to be beneficial, helping gingival epithelial cells maintain their integrity and barrier function. This review aims to discuss current findings regarding microorganism interactions and epithelial barrier function in the oral cavity, with reference to investigations in the gut, where this interaction has been extensively studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takahashi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan.,Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Benso Sulijaya
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan.,Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia , Jakarta , Indonesia
| | - Miki Yamada-Hara
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan.,Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuzuno
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan.,Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Koichi Tabeta
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yamazaki
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
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131
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Sulijaya B, Takahashi N, Yamazaki K. Host modulation therapy using anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents in periodontitis: A review to a clinical translation. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 105:72-80. [PMID: 31288144 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To highlight the shifting paradigm of periodontitis, describe mechanism of periodontal bone destruction, and propose an updated host modulation therapy (HMT) strategy. To add further clinical relevance, related studies investigating the efficacy of several HMT agents in periodontitis will be discussed. DESIGN Literature searches were conducted from articles published in PubMed using keywords "periodontal disease AND periodontitis AND host modulation therapy AND anti-inflammatory AND antioxidant", and then the findings were comprehensively summarized and elaborated. RESULT Accumulating evidence indicates that periodontitis is no longer defined solely as a pathogen-induced disease; rather, it is now recognized as a consequence of uncontrolled immune response and oxidative stress leading to periodontal tissue damage. Although periodontopathic bacteria initiate the disease, inflammation and oxidative stress were reported to be the main causes for the severity of tissue destruction. Thus, since the concept of periodontitis has shifted, our approach to its management needs to be adjusted to accommodate the latest paradigm. Nowadays, the modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress is considered a target of HMT. HMT agents, such as probiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-chemokines, lipid mediators, and bio-active fatty acids, have been extensively investigated for their remarkable functions in modulating the immune response and providing antioxidant effects. CONCLUSION Findings from in vitro, in vivo, and human studies frequently demonstrate positive association by the administration of HMT in periodontitis. HMT strategy targeted on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant in periodontitis might serve as an excellent therapeutic approach to reach the level of clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benso Sulijaya
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan; Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yamazaki
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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132
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Kuka GI, Gursoy H, Emekli-Alturfan E, Ustundag UV, Kuru B. Evaluation of nitric oxide levels in chronic periodontitis patients treated with initial periodontal therapy and probiotic food supplements: a double blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1632740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Ince Kuka
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hare Gursoy
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Unsal Veli Ustundag
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Kuru
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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133
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Belibasakis GN, Bostanci N, Marsh PD, Zaura E. Applications of the oral microbiome in personalized dentistry. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 104:7-12. [PMID: 31153099 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the era of personalized medicine, it is imperative that oral health is integrated into this concept. The oral cavity fosters a highly individualized microbiome that has evolved to promote oral health, and which exists in a dynamic balance with the host. Microecological changes to the biology of the mouth [e.g. in the host diet and lifestyle, or status of the immune system] may drive deleterious shifts in the composition or metabolic activity of the oral microbiome ['dysbiosis']. This review aims to explore how knowledge of the oral microbiome may be utilized for personalized dentistry at the point-of-care. DESIGN This is a comprehensive narrative review of the literature, summarizing the perspectives of the authors. RESULTS The huge increase in recent knowledge on the ecology and microbiology of the oral cavity generated by 'OMIC' technologies may indeed be clinically translated to support patient care, in terms of prevention, monitoring, risk classification or early diagnosis. The identified clinical applications may not only include dental caries and periodontal disease, but also dental implants and orthodontics. Population-based applications may include systemic health, pregnancy and elderly populations. CONCLUSIONS Applications of selected oral microbiome and host-related biochemical parameters [e.g. the saliva proteome] for personalized dentistry can be customized for different clinical applications or individual populations, at point-of-care hubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Philip D Marsh
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Egija Zaura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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134
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Van der Weijden GAF, Dekkers GJ, Slot DE. Success of non-surgical periodontal therapy in adult periodontitis patients: A retrospective analysis. Int J Dent Hyg 2019; 17:309-317. [PMID: 30942938 PMCID: PMC6852011 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the results of active non‐surgical treatment in patients diagnosed with adult periodontitis treated in a specialized clinic for periodontology. Material & Methods In total, 1182 patients with adult periodontitis received active non‐surgical therapy, which involved professional oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planing, supragingival polishing and elective systemic antimicrobial medication. The results of this therapy were based on a full‐mouth periodontal chart as assessed at the time of evaluation. Successful treatment as periodontal pocket depth (PPD) ≤5 mm was the main outcome parameter with bleeding on pocket probing as secondary outcome. Patient‐related factors such as smoking and severity of periodontitis at baseline and site‐related factors such as tooth type, furcation involvement and endodontic treatment were analysed. Possible relations with assessed parameters and the success of active periodontal therapy were evaluated. Results Overall 39% of the patients reached the successful treatment objective and a mean bleeding on pocket probing tendency of 14%. Treatment success appeared to be dependent on tooth type where the results at single‐rooted front teeth (85%) and premolar teeth (78%) were more successful than at molar teeth (47%). Analysis revealed that in 55% of the cases furcation involvement at molars was associated with the absence of success. Endodontic treatment was associated with absence of success in 8%‐11% of the cases. Smoking negatively influences successful treatment outcome (P < 0.001). Conclusion Active non‐surgical periodontal therapy in patients with adult periodontitis resulted in approximately one third of the cases in the success endpoint of PPD ≤ 5mm. Sub‐analysis showed that the outcome appeared to be dependent on tooth type, furcation involvement, severity of periodontal disease at intake and smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Fridus Van der Weijden
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Clinic for Periodontology Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs J Dekkers
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dagmar E Slot
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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135
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Suzuki N, Yoneda M, Takeshita T, Hirofuji T, Hanioka T. Induction and inhibition of oral malodor. Mol Oral Microbiol 2019; 34:85-96. [PMID: 30927516 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) such as hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) and methyl mercaptan (CH3 SH) are the main components of oral malodor, and are produced as the end products of the proteolytic processes of oral microorganisms. The main pathway of proteolysis is the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids by gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria may promote VSC production by gram-negative anaerobes by cleaving sugar chains from glycoproteins and thus providing proteins. A large variety of bacteria within the oral microbiota are thought to be involved in the complex phenomenon of halitosis. Oral microbiota associated with a lack of oral malodor, oral microbiota associated with severe and H2 S-dominant oral malodor, and oral microbiota associated with severe and CH3 SH-dominant oral malodor have been distinguished through molecular approaches using the 16S rRNA gene. Pathological halitosis may primarily be addressed through treatment of causative diseases. In all cases, plaque control is the basis of oral malodor control, and dentifrices, mouthwashes, and functional foods play a supplementary role in addition to brushing. Recently, the use of natural ingredients in products tends to be favored due to the increase in antibiotic-resistant strains and the side effects of some chemical ingredients. In addition, probiotics and vaccines are expected to offer new strategies for improving the oral conditions through mechanisms other than antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Suzuki
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoneda
- Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toru Takeshita
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takao Hirofuji
- Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Hanioka
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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136
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Theodoro L, Cláudio M, Nuernberg M, Miessi D, Batista J, Duque C, Garcia V. Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri as an adjunct to the treatment of periodontitis in smokers: randomised clinical trial. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:375-384. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this randomised clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus reuteri in chewable tablets as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment of chronic periodontitis in smoking patients. 34 patient smokers were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The SRP group (n=17) received scaling and root planing (SRP) in one session and a placebo; the PRO group (n=17) received SRP in one session and 2 probiotic tablets 2× per day, for 21 days. Bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), and pockets with PD≥5 mm and bleeding were measured at baseline and 90 days. After 90 days of treatment, the PD and pockets with PD≥5 mm and bleeding were significantly lower in both groups compared to baseline (P<0.05). In the PRO group, the BOP had significantly reduced at 90 days when compared with the baseline (P<0.05). There was statistically significant reduction in PD between baseline and 90 days in the PRO group in deep pockets (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the reduction in PD (P=0.95) or gain in CAL (P=0.97) in moderate and deep pockets. The adjuvant use of L. reuteri in the treatment of chronic periodontitis was effective in controlling gingival inflammation because reduced bleeding on probing which means reduced gingival inflammation and was effective in reducing deep pocket in manner clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.H. Theodoro
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Division of Periodontology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - M.M. Cláudio
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Division of Periodontology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - M.A.A. Nuernberg
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Division of Periodontology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - D.M.J. Miessi
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Division of Periodontology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - J.A. Batista
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Division of Periodontology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - C. Duque
- Department of Pediatric and Social Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dentistry School of Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - V.G. Garcia
- Latin American Institute of Dental Research and Education (ILAPEO), Department of Periodontology, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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137
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Sulijaya B, Takahashi N, Yamazaki K, Yamazaki K. Nutrition as Adjunct Therapy in Periodontal Disease Management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-019-0216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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138
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Ikram S, Hassan N, Baig S, Borges KJJ, Raffat MA, Akram Z. Effect of local probiotic (Lactobacillus reuteri) vs systemic antibiotic therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment in chronic periodontitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 10:e12393. [PMID: 30663271 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the clinical efficacy of local probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) and systemic antibiotics as adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis (CP). METHODS Thirty systemically-healthy participants (15 probiotic and 15 antibiotic), clinically diagnosed with CP, were enrolled. All patients underwent SRP. Adjunctive probiotics were administered twice daily for 3 months, whereas a combination of amoxicillin and metronidazole were given three times daily for 7 days. RESULTS Intragroup analysis showed statistically-significant improvement in all clinical parameters: plaque index, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket depth, and clinical attachment level gain at each follow-up visit. However, intergroup comparison of clinical periodontal parameters did not show statistical significance. CONCLUSION The adjunctive use of L. reuteri and systemic antibiotics along with SRP showed similar improvement in all clinical periodontal parameters. This indicates that both adjunctive therapeutic agents showed similar efficacy in resolving inflammation and improving periodontal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ikram
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nuzhat Hassan
- Department of Anatomy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saeeda Baig
- Department of Biochemistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Zohaib Akram
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Oral Restorative and Rehabilitative Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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139
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Fang F, Xu J, Li Q, Xia X, Du G. Characterization of a Lactobacillus brevis strain with potential oral probiotic properties. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:221. [PMID: 30577728 PMCID: PMC6303927 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microflora composition of the oral cavity affects oral health. Some strains of commensal bacteria confer probiotic benefits to the host. Lactobacillus is one of the main probiotic genera that has been used to treat oral infections. The objective of this study was to select lactobacilli with a spectrum of probiotic properties and investigate their potential roles in oral health. RESULTS An oral isolate characterized as Lactobacillus brevis BBE-Y52 exhibited antimicrobial activities against Streptococcus mutans, a bacterial species that causes dental caries and tooth decay, and secreted antimicrobial compounds such as hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid. Compared to other bacteria, L. brevis BBE-Y52 was a weak acid producer. Further studies showed that this strain had the capacity to adhere to oral epithelial cells. Co-incubation of L. brevis BBE-Y52 with S. mutans ATCC 25175 increased the IL-10-to-IL-12p70 ratio in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which indicated that L. brevis BBE-Y52 could alleviate inflammation and might confer benefits to host health by modulating the immune system. CONCLUSIONS L. brevis BBE-Y52 exhibited a spectrum of probiotic properties, which may facilitate its applications in oral care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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140
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Invernici MM, Salvador SL, Silva PHF, Soares MSM, Casarin R, Palioto DB, Souza SLS, Taba M, Novaes AB, Furlaneto FAC, Messora MR. Effects of Bifidobacterium probiotic on the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:1198-1210. [PMID: 30076613 PMCID: PMC6221043 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM This randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated the effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) HN019-containing probiotic lozenges as adjuvant to scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with generalized chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-one chronic periodontitis patients were recruited and monitored clinically, immunologically, and microbiologically at baseline (before SRP) and 30 and 90 days after SRP. All patients were randomly assigned to a Test (SRP + Probiotic, n = 20) or Control (SRP + Placebo, n = 21) group. The probiotic lozenges were used twice a day for 30 days. The data were statistically analysed. RESULTS The Test group presented a decrease in probing pocket depth and a clinical attachment gain significantly higher than those of the Control group at 90 days. The Test group also demonstrated significantly fewer periodontal pathogens of red and orange complexes, as well as lower proinflammatory cytokine levels when compared to the Control group. Only the Test group showed an increase in the number of B. lactis HN019 DNA copies on subgingival biofilm at 30 and 90 days. CONCLUSION The use of B. lactis HN019 as an adjunct to SRP promotes additional clinical, microbiological, and immunological benefits in the treatment of chronic periodontitis (NCT03408548).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos M Invernici
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L Salvador
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro H F Silva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana S M Soares
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Casarin
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Campinas State University - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela B Palioto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L S Souza
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Taba
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur B Novaes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia A C Furlaneto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Michel R Messora
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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141
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Kocher T, König J, Borgnakke WS, Pink C, Meisel P. Periodontal complications of hyperglycemia/diabetes mellitus: Epidemiologic complexity and clinical challenge. Periodontol 2000 2018; 78:59-97. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Jörgen König
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Wenche Sylling Borgnakke
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; University of Michigan School of Dentistry; Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Christiane Pink
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Peter Meisel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
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142
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Marsh PD, Zaura E. Dental biofilm: ecological interactions in health and disease. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 44 Suppl 18:S12-S22. [PMID: 28266111 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oral microbiome is diverse and exists as multispecies microbial communities on oral surfaces in structurally and functionally organized biofilms. AIM To describe the network of microbial interactions (both synergistic and antagonistic) occurring within these biofilms and assess their role in oral health and dental disease. METHODS PubMed database was searched for studies on microbial ecological interactions in dental biofilms. The search results did not lend themselves to systematic review and have been summarized in a narrative review instead. RESULTS Five hundred and forty-seven original research articles and 212 reviews were identified. The majority (86%) of research articles addressed bacterial-bacterial interactions, while inter-kingdom microbial interactions were the least studied. The interactions included physical and nutritional synergistic associations, antagonism, cell-to-cell communication and gene transfer. CONCLUSIONS Oral microbial communities display emergent properties that cannot be inferred from studies of single species. Individual organisms grow in environments they would not tolerate in pure culture. The networks of multiple synergistic and antagonistic interactions generate microbial inter-dependencies and give biofilms a resilience to minor environmental perturbations, and this contributes to oral health. If key environmental pressures exceed thresholds associated with health, then the competitiveness among oral microorganisms is altered and dysbiosis can occur, increasing the risk of dental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Marsh
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Egija Zaura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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143
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Evaluation of the effect of probiotics in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis: a triple-blind randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:1673-1683. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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144
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Becirovic A, Abdi-Dezfuli JF, Hansen MF, Lie SA, Vasstrand EN, Bolstad AI. The effects of a probiotic milk drink on bacterial composition in the supra- and subgingival biofilm: a pilot study. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:865-874. [PMID: 30041533 DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics can convert a dysbiotic bacterial environment into a healthy one. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of daily intake of a probiotic milk drink on the composition of bacterial species in dental supra- and subgingival biofilms. Sixteen dental students were enrolled into this study with a crossover, within subject, design. The participants were asked to allow plaque accumulation by refraining from cleaning their molars during two separate periods, each lasting three weeks. Each period consisted of an initial professional dental cleaning procedure done at the university clinic, then a 3 week plaque accumulation period, followed by a return to the clinic for supra- and subgingival plaque sampling. The first period served as a control, and during the second plaque accumulation period the participants drank 200 ml probiotic milk beverage each day. The accumulated plaque removed at the end of the accumulation period was later tested against a panel of 20 oral bacterial species using the checkerboard method. Three weeks consumption of a probiotic beverage led to a significant reduction in 15 of 20 bacterial species present in supragingival plaque and a reduction in 4 of 20 bacterial species in subgingival plaque (all P<0.05). This study showed a favorable effect of probiotics on periodontopathic bacteria in dental biofilms. The potential influence of this kind of probiotic in prevention or treatment of periodontal inflammation deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Becirovic
- 1 Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - J F Abdi-Dezfuli
- 1 Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - M F Hansen
- 1 Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - S A Lie
- 1 Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - E N Vasstrand
- 1 Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - A I Bolstad
- 1 Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway
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145
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Alanzi A, Honkala S, Honkala E, Varghese A, Tolvanen M, Söderling E. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis on gingival health, dental plaque, and periodontopathogens in adolescents: a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:593-602. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To determine the effect of a probiotic combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 on the gingival health, dental plaque accumulation, and the oral carriage of four putative periodontal pathogens in healthy adolescents. 108 schoolboys, aged 13-15 years, participated in this study. They were divided into two groups: probiotics (n=54) and placebo (n=54). Both groups received two probiotic-laced or placebo lozenges twice a day during a four-week period. Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI) were recorded at baseline and after four weeks. Salivary and plaque carriage of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum were also monitored likewise. 101 subjects completed the study. A statistically significant reduction in GI was seen in the probiotic group as compared to the placebo group (P=0.012). A reduction in PI was found for both groups, with no difference observed between the groups after intervention (P=0.819). Probiotic lozenges significantly reduced levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum in saliva and plaque (P<0.05) and levels of P. gingivalis in plaque (P<0.05), while no significant changes were found in the control group. A significant reduction (P<0.001) was also noted in the total salivary bacterial counts of the test group. The short-term daily consumption of LGG and BB-12 probiotic lozenges improved the gingival health in adolescents and decreased the microbial counts of A. actinomycetemcomitans, and P. gingivalis. Hence probiotic supplements may serve as a simple adjunct to standard oral care for promoting the oral health in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Alanzi
- Department of Developmental and Preventive Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Jabriyah, Kuwait
| | - S. Honkala
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - E. Honkala
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - A. Varghese
- Department of Developmental and Preventive Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Jabriyah, Kuwait
| | - M. Tolvanen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - E. Söderling
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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146
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Pockpa AD, Soueidan A, Louis P, Coulibaly NT, Badran Z, Struillou X. Twenty Years of Full-Mouth Disinfection: The Past, the Present and the Future. Open Dent J 2018; 12:435-442. [PMID: 29988213 PMCID: PMC5997853 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601812010435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Conventional periodontal treatment, performed quadrant by quadrant in multiple visits, was re-evaluated in the early 1990s when the full-mouth disinfection concept was introduced. Over the years, several modifications to the full-mouth disinfection approach have been suggested. Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the evolution of full-mouth disinfection during the past 20 years, to specify its indications and to consider the prospects for this approach. Materials and Methods: An electronic and manual search of the literature, ending in December 2016, was performed by two independent researchers. Only pivotal studies and randomized controlled clinical trials published in the English language that evaluated a new approach to full-mouth disinfection were selected. Results: According to the studies included in our analysis (21 articles), several modified full-mouth disinfection protocols have been designed including: full-mouth treatment without chlorhexidine, the extension of hygiene methods and an increase in the duration of post-treatment chlorhexidine use, the replacement of chlorhexidine with other antiseptics, supplementation with antibiotics or probiotics, full-mouth antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and one-stage full-mouth disinfection combined with a periodontal dressing. Conclusion: Since 1995, several modifications have been suggested to improve the effectiveness of full-mouth disinfection. The majority of the studies demonstrate that the results obtained with full-mouth disinfection and its variants are equivalent to each other and to those obtained with the conventional quadrant method. Currently, the selection of this technique remains empirical and depends on the preferences of the practitioner and the patient. In the future, a patient-centered approach should be the best indication for the use of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ange Désiré Pockpa
- Clinical Investigation Unit 11 Odontology, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Felix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | - Assem Soueidan
- Clinical Investigation Unit 11 Odontology, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Pauline Louis
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nadin Thérèse Coulibaly
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Felix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | - Zahi Badran
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Nantes, Nantes, France.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xavier Struillou
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
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147
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Graziani F, Karapetsa D, Alonso B, Herrera D. Nonsurgical and surgical treatment of periodontitis: how many options for one disease? Periodontol 2000 2018; 75:152-188. [PMID: 28758300 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of periodontitis aims at preventing further disease progression with the intentions to reduce the risk of tooth loss, minimize symptoms and perception of the disease, possibly restore lost periodontal tissue and provide information on maintaining a healthy periodontium. Therapeutic intervention includes introduction of techniques to change behavior, such as: individually tailored oral-hygiene instructions; a smoking-cessation program; dietary adjustment; subgingival instrumentation to remove plaque and calculus; local and systemic pharmacotherapy; and various types of surgery. No single treatment option has shown superiority, and virtually all types of mechanical periodontal treatment benefit from adjunctive antimicrobial chemotherapy. Periodontal treatment, because of the chronic nature of periodontitis, is a lifelong commitment to intricate oral-hygiene techniques, which, when properly implemented, will minimize the risk of disease initiation and progression.
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148
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Applications of the FIV Model to Study HIV Pathogenesis. Viruses 2018; 10:v10040206. [PMID: 29677122 PMCID: PMC5923500 DOI: 10.3390/v10040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a naturally-occurring retrovirus that infects domestic and non-domestic feline species, producing progressive immune depletion that results in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Much has been learned about FIV since it was first described in 1987, particularly in regard to its application as a model to study the closely related lentivirus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In particular, FIV and HIV share remarkable structure and sequence organization, utilize parallel modes of receptor-mediated entry, and result in a similar spectrum of immunodeficiency-related diseases due to analogous modes of immune dysfunction. This review summarizes current knowledge of FIV infection kinetics and the mechanisms of immune dysfunction in relation to opportunistic disease, specifically in regard to studying HIV pathogenesis. Furthermore, we present data that highlight changes in the oral microbiota and oral immune system during FIV infection, and outline the potential for the feline model of oral AIDS manifestations to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms of HIV-induced oral disease. Finally, we discuss advances in molecular biology, vaccine development, neurologic dysfunction, and the ability to apply pharmacologic interventions and sophisticated imaging technologies to study experimental and naturally occurring FIV, which provide an excellent, but often overlooked, resource for advancing therapies and the management of HIV/AIDS.
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149
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Abstract
The three main oral diseases of humans, that is, caries, periodontal diseases, and oral candidiasis, are associated with microbiome shifts initiated by changes in the oral environment and/or decreased effectiveness of mucosal immune surveillance. In this review, we discuss the role that microbial-based therapies may have in the control of these conditions. Most investigations on the use of microorganisms for management of oral disease have been conducted with probiotic strains with some positive but very discrete clinical outcomes. Other strategies such as whole oral microbiome transplantation or modification of community function by enrichment with health-promoting indigenous oral strains may offer more promise, but research in this field is still in its infancy. Any microbial-based therapeutics for oral conditions, however, are likely to be only one component within a holistic preventive strategy that should also aim at modification of the environmental influences responsible for the initiation and perpetuation of microbiome shifts associated with oral dysbiosis.
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150
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Ikram S, Hassan N, Raffat MA, Mirza S, Akram Z. Systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials using probiotics in chronic periodontitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 9:e12338. [PMID: 29604177 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics as an adjunct to scaling and root planning (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis (CP). METHODS The focused question of the study was: Does adjunctive use of probiotics yield better clinical periodontal outcomes compared to placebo/no treatment group in the treatment of CP? Electronic and manual literature searches were conducted up to December 2017 using the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register. Forest plots were computed reporting weighted mean difference (WMD) of outcomes and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Seven clinical studies were included. Four studies showed additional benefits in reducing periodontal probing depth (PPD) and gaining clinical attachment level (CAL), whereas, three studies showed comparable clinical periodontal outcomes between probiotics and SRP/placebo. Significant heterogeneity was observed for PPD reduction and CAL gain. The overall mean difference for CAL gain between probiotics and placebo/SRP was significant (WMD = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.15-2.67, P = .028) at follow up. CONCLUSION Adjunctive probiotics could result in additional benefits in CAL gain in CP. Nevertheless, further high-quality randomized clinical trials with microbiological outcomes are warranted to obtain strong conclusions in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ikram
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nuzhat Hassan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Health Sciences, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A Raffat
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sana Mirza
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Akram
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
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