101
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Jargeat P, Moreau PA, Gryta H, Chaumeton JP, Gardes M. Paxillus rubicundulus (Boletales, Paxillaceae) and two new alder-specific ectomycorrhizal species, Paxillus olivellus and Paxillus adelphus, from Europe and North Africa. Fungal Biol 2016; 120:711-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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102
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Matsuoka S, Kawaguchi E, Osono T. Temporal distance decay of similarity of ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition in a subtropical evergreen forest in Japan. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw061. [PMID: 26989126 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Community compositions of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are known to show spatial distance decay of similarity, which arises from both deterministic niche-based processes and stochastic spatial-based processes (e.g. dispersal limitation). Recent studies have highlighted the importance of incorporating the spatial-based processes in the study of community ecology of ECM fungi. However, few studies have investigated the temporal distance decay of similarity of ECM fungal communities. More specifically, the role of stochastic temporal-based processes, which could drive the temporal distance decay of similarity independently of niche-based processes, in the temporal variation of the communities remains unclear. Here we investigated ECM fungi associated with roots of Castanopsis sieboldii at 3-month intervals over a 2-year period. We found that dissimilarity of the ECM fungal community composition was significantly correlated with temporal distance but not with environmental distance among sampling dates. Both climatic and temporal variables significantly explained the temporal variation of the community composition. These results suggest that temporal variations of ECM fungi can be affected not only by niche-based processes but also by temporal-based processes. Our findings imply that priority effects may play important roles in the temporal turnover of ECM fungal community at the site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Matsuoka
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu 520-2113, Shiga, Japan
| | - Eri Kawaguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takashi Osono
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu 520-2113, Shiga, Japan
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103
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Callender KL, Roy S, Khasa DP, Whyte LG, Greer CW. Actinorhizal Alder Phytostabilization Alters Microbial Community Dynamics in Gold Mine Waste Rock from Northern Quebec: A Greenhouse Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150181. [PMID: 26928913 PMCID: PMC4771167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytotechnologies are rapidly replacing conventional ex-situ remediation techniques as they have the added benefit of restoring aesthetic value, important in the reclamation of mine sites. Alders are pioneer species that can tolerate and proliferate in nutrient-poor, contaminated environments, largely due to symbiotic root associations with the N2-fixing bacteria, Frankia and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. In this study, we investigated the growth of two Frankia-inoculated (actinorhizal) alder species, A. crispa and A. glutinosa, in gold mine waste rock from northern Quebec. Alder species had similar survival rates and positively impacted soil quality and physico-chemical properties in similar ways, restoring soil pH to neutrality and reducing extractable metals up to two-fold, while not hyperaccumulating them into above-ground plant biomass. A. glutinosa outperformed A. crispa in terms of growth, as estimated by the seedling volume index (SVI), and root length. Pyrosequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for fungi provided a comprehensive, direct characterization of microbial communities in gold mine waste rock and fine tailings. Plant- and treatment-specific shifts in soil microbial community compositions were observed in planted mine residues. Shannon diversity and the abundance of microbes involved in key ecosystem processes such as contaminant degradation (Sphingomonas, Sphingobium and Pseudomonas), metal sequestration (Brevundimonas and Caulobacter) and N2-fixation (Azotobacter, Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium and Pseudomonas) increased over time, i.e., as plants established in mine waste rock. Acetate mineralization and most probable number (MPN) assays showed that revegetation positively stimulated both bulk and rhizosphere communities, increasing microbial density (biomass increase of 2 orders of magnitude) and mineralization (five-fold). Genomic techniques proved useful in investigating tripartite (plant-bacteria-fungi) interactions during phytostabilization, contributing to our knowledge in this field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L. Callender
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
- Energy, Mining and the Environment, National Research Council, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Roy
- Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Lyle G. Whyte
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles W. Greer
- Energy, Mining and the Environment, National Research Council, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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104
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Barnes CJ, van der Gast CJ, Burns CA, McNamara NP, Bending GD. Temporally Variable Geographical Distance Effects Contribute to the Assembly of Root-Associated Fungal Communities. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:195. [PMID: 26941720 PMCID: PMC4766365 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Root-associated fungi are key contributors to ecosystem functioning, however, the factors which determine community assembly are still relatively poorly understood. This study simultaneously quantified the roles of geographical distance, environmental heterogeneity and time in determining root-associated fungal community composition at the local scale within a short rotation coppice (SRC) willow plantation. Culture independent molecular analyses of the root-associated fungal community suggested a strong but temporally variable effect of geographical distance among fungal communities in terms of composition at the local geographical level. Whilst these distance effects were most prevalent on October communities, soil pH had an effect on structuring of the communities throughout the sampling period. Given the temporal variation in the effects of geographical distance and the environment for shaping root-associated fungal communities, there is clearly need for a temporal component to sampling strategies in future investigations of fungal ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Barnes
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of WarwickCoventry, UK
- Section of Evolutionary Genomics, National History Museum of Denmark, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Caitlin A. Burns
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of WarwickCoventry, UK
| | - Niall P. McNamara
- Natural Environment Research Council Centre for Ecology and Hydrology – Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster, UK
| | - Gary D. Bending
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of WarwickCoventry, UK
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105
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Tedersoo L, Bahram M, Cajthaml T, Põlme S, Hiiesalu I, Anslan S, Harend H, Buegger F, Pritsch K, Koricheva J, Abarenkov K. Tree diversity and species identity effects on soil fungi, protists and animals are context dependent. THE ISME JOURNAL 2016; 10:346-62. [PMID: 26172210 PMCID: PMC4737927 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Plant species richness and the presence of certain influential species (sampling effect) drive the stability and functionality of ecosystems as well as primary production and biomass of consumers. However, little is known about these floristic effects on richness and community composition of soil biota in forest habitats owing to methodological constraints. We developed a DNA metabarcoding approach to identify the major eukaryote groups directly from soil with roughly species-level resolution. Using this method, we examined the effects of tree diversity and individual tree species on soil microbial biomass and taxonomic richness of soil biota in two experimental study systems in Finland and Estonia and accounted for edaphic variables and spatial autocorrelation. Our analyses revealed that the effects of tree diversity and individual species on soil biota are largely context dependent. Multiple regression and structural equation modelling suggested that biomass, soil pH, nutrients and tree species directly affect richness of different taxonomic groups. The community composition of most soil organisms was strongly correlated due to similar response to environmental predictors rather than causal relationships. On a local scale, soil resources and tree species have stronger effect on diversity of soil biota than tree species richness per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leho Tedersoo
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mohammad Bahram
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tomáš Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sergei Põlme
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Indrek Hiiesalu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sten Anslan
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Helery Harend
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | - Julia Koricheva
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, UK
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106
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Looney BP, Ryberg M, Hampe F, Sánchez-García M, Matheny PB. Into and out of the tropics: global diversification patterns in a hyperdiverse clade of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:630-47. [PMID: 26642189 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, symbiotic mutualists of many dominant tree and shrub species, exhibit a biogeographic pattern counter to the established latitudinal diversity gradient of most macroflora and fauna. However, an evolutionary basis for this pattern has not been explicitly tested in a diverse lineage. In this study, we reconstructed a mega-phylogeny of a cosmopolitan and hyperdiverse genus of ECM fungi, Russula, sampling from annotated collections and utilizing publically available sequences deposited in GenBank. Metadata from molecular operational taxonomic unit cluster sets were examined to infer the distribution and plant association of the genus. This allowed us to test for differences in patterns of diversification between tropical and extratropical taxa, as well as how their associations with different plant lineages may be a driver of diversification. Results show that Russula is most species-rich at temperate latitudes and ancestral state reconstruction shows that the genus initially diversified in temperate areas. Migration into and out of the tropics characterizes the early evolution of the genus, and these transitions have been frequent since this time. We propose the 'generalized diversification rate' hypothesis to explain the reversed latitudinal diversity gradient pattern in Russula as we detect a higher net diversification rate in extratropical lineages. Patterns of diversification with plant associates support host switching and host expansion as driving diversification, with a higher diversification rate in lineages associated with Pinaceae and frequent transitions to association with angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Looney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 332 Hesler Biology Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-1610, USA
| | - Martin Ryberg
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Evolutionsbiologiskt Centrum, Norbyv. 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Felix Hampe
- Department of Biology, Gent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Marisol Sánchez-García
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 332 Hesler Biology Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-1610, USA
| | - P Brandon Matheny
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 332 Hesler Biology Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-1610, USA
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107
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Montoya L, Bandala VM, Garay-Serrano E. The ectomycorrhizas of Lactarius cuspidoaurantiacus and Lactarius herrerae associated with Alnus acuminata in Central Mexico. MYCORRHIZA 2015; 25:457-467. [PMID: 25619188 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-015-0625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two pure Alnus acuminata stands established in a montane forest in central Mexico (Puebla State) were monitored between 2010 and 2013 to confirm and recognize the ectomycorrhizal (EcM) systems of A. acuminata with Lactarius cuspidoaurantiacus and Lactarius herrerae, two recently described species. Through comparison of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences from basidiomes and ectomycorrhizas sampled in the forest stands, we confirmed their ectomycorrhizal association. The phytobiont was corroborated by comparing ITS sequences obtained from EcM root tips and leaves collected in the study site and from other sequences of A. acuminata available in Genbank. Detailed morphological and anatomical descriptions of the ectomycorrhizal systems are presented and complemented with photographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Montoya
- Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., P.O. Box 63, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91000, México,
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108
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Miyamoto Y, Sakai A, Hattori M, Nara K. Strong effect of climate on ectomycorrhizal fungal composition: evidence from range overlap between two mountains. THE ISME JOURNAL 2015; 9:1870-9. [PMID: 25647348 PMCID: PMC4511943 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Separating the effects of environmental factors and spatial distance on microbial composition is difficult when these factors covary. We examined the composition of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi along elevation gradients on geographically distant mountains to clarify the effect of climate at the regional scale. Soil cores were collected from various forest types along an elevation gradient in southwestern Japan. Fungal species were identified by the internal transcribed spacer regions of the rDNA using direct sequencing. The occurrence of fungal species in this study was compared with a previous study conducted on a mountain separated by ∼550 km. In total, we recorded 454 EM fungi from 330 of 350 soil cores. Forty-seven fungal species (∼20% of the total excluding singletons) were shared between two mountains, mostly between similar forest types on both mountains. Variation partitioning in redundancy analysis revealed that climate explained the largest variance in EM fungal composition. The similarity of forest tree composition, which is usually determined by climatic conditions, was positively correlated with the similarity of the EM fungal composition. However, the lack of large host effects implied that communities of forest trees and EM fungi may be determined independently by climate. Our data provide important insights that host plants and mutualistic fungi may respond to climate change idiosyncratically, potentially altering carbon and nutrient cycles in relation to the plant-fungus associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Miyamoto
- Department of Natural Environmental Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakai
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Kochi, Japan
| | - Masahira Hattori
- Center for Omics and Bioinformatics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Nara
- Department of Natural Environmental Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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109
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Bahram M, Peay KG, Tedersoo L. Local-scale biogeography and spatiotemporal variability in communities of mycorrhizal fungi. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:1454-1463. [PMID: 25767850 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of spatiotemporal patterns in species distribution is fundamental to understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes shaping communities. The emergence of DNA-based tools has expanded the geographic and taxonomic scope of studies examining spatial and temporal distribution of mycorrhizal fungi. However, the nature of spatiotemporal patterns documented and subsequent interpretation of ecological processes can vary significantly from study to study. In order to look for general patterns we synthesize the available data across different sampling scales and mycorrhizal types. The results of this analysis shed light on the relative importance of space, time and vertical soil structure on community variability across different mycorrhizal types. Although we found no significant trend in spatiotemporal variation amongmycorrhizal types, the vertical community variation was distinctly greater than the spatial and temporal variability in mycorrhizal fungal communities. Both spatial and temporal variability of communities was greater in topsoil compared with lower horizons, suggesting that greater environmental heterogeneity drives community variation on a fine scale. This further emphasizes the importance of both niche differentiation and environmental filtering in maintaining diverse fungal communities.
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110
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Sheedy EM, Van de Wouw AP, Howlett BJ, May TW. Population genetic structure of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria sp . A resembles that of its host tree Nothofagus cunninghamii. FUNGAL ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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111
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Bogar LM, Dickie IA, Kennedy PG. Testing the co-invasion hypothesis: ectomycorrhizal fungal communities onAlnus glutinosaandSalix fragilisin New Zealand. DIVERS DISTRIB 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Bogar
- Department of Biology; Stanford University; 371 Serra Mall Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Ian A. Dickie
- Bio-Protection Research Centre; Lincoln University; Box 85084 Lincoln New Zealand
- Landcare Research; Box 69040 Lincoln New Zealand
| | - Peter G. Kennedy
- Department of Plant Biology; 250 Biological Science Center; University of Minnesota; 1445 Gortner Ave St. Paul MN 55108 USA
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112
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Molina R, Horton TR. Mycorrhiza Specificity: Its Role in the Development and Function of Common Mycelial Networks. ECOLOGICAL STUDIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-7395-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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113
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Resource Transfer Between Plants Through Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Networks. ECOLOGICAL STUDIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-7395-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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114
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Gao C, Zhang Y, Shi NN, Zheng Y, Chen L, Wubet T, Bruelheide H, Both S, Buscot F, Ding Q, Erfmeier A, Kühn P, Nadrowski K, Scholten T, Guo LD. Community assembly of ectomycorrhizal fungi along a subtropical secondary forest succession. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:771-85. [PMID: 25303438 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Environmental selection and dispersal limitation are two of the primary processes structuring biotic communities in ecosystems, but little is known about these processes in shaping soil microbial communities during secondary forest succession. We examined the communities of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi in young, intermediate and old forests in a Chinese subtropical ecosystem, using 454 pyrosequencing. The EM fungal community consisted of 393 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), belonging to 21 EM fungal lineages, in which three EM fungal lineages and 11 EM fungal OTUs showed significantly biased occurrence among the young, intermediate and old forests. The EM fungal community was structured by environmental selection and dispersal limitation in old forest, but only by environmental selection in young, intermediate, and whole forests. Furthermore, the EM fungal community was affected by different factors in the different forest successional stages, and the importance of these factors in structuring EM fungal community dramatically decreased along the secondary forest succession series. This study suggests that different assembly mechanisms operate on the EM fungal community at different stages in secondary subtropical forest succession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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115
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Tedersoo L, Bahram M, Põlme S, Kõljalg U, Yorou NS, Wijesundera R, Villarreal Ruiz L, Vasco-Palacios AM, Thu PQ, Suija A, Smith ME, Sharp C, Saluveer E, Saitta A, Rosas M, Riit T, Ratkowsky D, Pritsch K, Põldmaa K, Piepenbring M, Phosri C, Peterson M, Parts K, Pärtel K, Otsing E, Nouhra E, Njouonkou AL, Nilsson RH, Morgado LN, Mayor J, May TW, Majuakim L, Lodge DJ, Lee SS, Larsson KH, Kohout P, Hosaka K, Hiiesalu I, Henkel TW, Harend H, Guo LD, Greslebin A, Grelet G, Geml J, Gates G, Dunstan W, Dunk C, Drenkhan R, Dearnaley J, De Kesel A, Dang T, Chen X, Buegger F, Brearley FQ, Bonito G, Anslan S, Abell S, Abarenkov K. Fungal biogeography. Global diversity and geography of soil fungi. Science 2014; 346:1256688. [PMID: 25430773 DOI: 10.1126/science.1256688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1527] [Impact Index Per Article: 152.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Fungi play major roles in ecosystem processes, but the determinants of fungal diversity and biogeographic patterns remain poorly understood. Using DNA metabarcoding data from hundreds of globally distributed soil samples, we demonstrate that fungal richness is decoupled from plant diversity. The plant-to-fungus richness ratio declines exponentially toward the poles. Climatic factors, followed by edaphic and spatial variables, constitute the best predictors of fungal richness and community composition at the global scale. Fungi show similar latitudinal diversity gradients to other organisms, with several notable exceptions. These findings advance our understanding of global fungal diversity patterns and permit integration of fungi into a general macroecological framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leho Tedersoo
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Mohammad Bahram
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sergei Põlme
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Urmas Kõljalg
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nourou S Yorou
- Faculté d'Agronomie, Université de Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Ravi Wijesundera
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Colombo, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka
| | - Luis Villarreal Ruiz
- Postgrado en Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Genética, LARGEMBIO, Colegio de Postgraduados-Líneas Prioritarias de Investigación 6, México City, Mexico
| | - Aída M Vasco-Palacios
- The Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures-Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Ave Suija
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Matthew E Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Erki Saluveer
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alessandro Saitta
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Miguel Rosas
- Department of Mycology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Taavi Riit
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - David Ratkowsky
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Karin Pritsch
- Institute of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kadri Põldmaa
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Meike Piepenbring
- Department of Mycology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cherdchai Phosri
- Department of Biology, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom, Thailand
| | - Marko Peterson
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaarin Parts
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadri Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eveli Otsing
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eduardo Nouhra
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - André L Njouonkou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - R Henrik Nilsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Jordan Mayor
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tom W May
- Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luiza Majuakim
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - D Jean Lodge
- Center for Forest Mycology Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture--Forest Service, Luquillo, Puerto Rico
| | - Su See Lee
- Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Petr Kohout
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kentaro Hosaka
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Indrek Hiiesalu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Terry W Henkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, USA
| | - Helery Harend
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liang-dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Alina Greslebin
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Facultad de Cs. Naturales, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia SJB, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Gwen Grelet
- Ecosystems and Global Change team, Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Jozsef Geml
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Genevieve Gates
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - William Dunstan
- School of Veterinary & Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chris Dunk
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rein Drenkhan
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - John Dearnaley
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Tan Dang
- Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiag University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Franz Buegger
- Institute of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Francis Q Brearley
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Gregory Bonito
- Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sten Anslan
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sandra Abell
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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116
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Kennedy P, Nguyen N, Cohen H, Peay K. Missing checkerboards? An absence of competitive signal in Alnus-associated ectomycorrhizal fungal communities. PeerJ 2014; 2:e686. [PMID: 25548729 PMCID: PMC4273934 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of recent studies suggest that interspecific competition plays a key role in determining the structure of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities. Despite this growing consensus, there has been limited study of ECM fungal community dynamics in abiotically stressful environments, which are often dominated by positive rather than antagonistic interactions. In this study, we examined the ECM fungal communities associated with the host genus Alnus, which live in soils high in both nitrate and acidity. The nature of ECM fungal species interactions (i.e., antagonistic, neutral, or positive) was assessed using taxon co-occurrence and DNA sequence abundance correlational analyses. ECM fungal communities were sampled from root tips or mesh in-growth bags in three monodominant A. rubra plots at a site in Oregon, USA and identified using Illumina-based amplification of the ITS1 gene region. We found a total of 175 ECM fungal taxa; 16 of which were closely related to known Alnus-associated ECM fungi. Contrary to previous studies of ECM fungal communities, taxon co-occurrence analyses on both the total and Alnus-associated ECM datasets indicated that the ECM fungal communities in this system were not structured by interspecific competition. Instead, the co-occurrence patterns were consistent with either random assembly or significant positive interactions. Pair-wise correlational analyses were also more consistent with neutral or positive interactions. Taken together, our results suggest that interspecific competition does not appear to determine the structure of all ECM fungal communities and that abiotic conditions may be important in determining the specific type of interaction occurring among ECM fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kennedy
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Biology, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nhu Nguyen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Hannah Cohen
- Department of Biology, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kabir Peay
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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117
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New evidence of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the Hawaiian Islands associated with the endemic host Pisonia sandwicensis (Nyctaginaceae). FUNGAL ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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118
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Põlme S, Bahram M, Kõljalg U, Tedersoo L. Global biogeography of Alnus-associated Frankia actinobacteria. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 204:979-988. [PMID: 25124146 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Macroecological patterns of microbes have received relatively little attention until recently. This study aimed to disentangle the determinants of the global biogeographic community of Alnus-associated actinobacteria belonging to the Frankia alni complex. By determining a global sequence similarity threshold for the nitrogenase reductase (nifH) gene, we separated Frankia into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and tested the relative effects of Alnus phylogeny, geographic relatedness, and climatic and edaphic variables on community composition at the global scale. Based on the optimal nifH gene sequence similarity threshold of 99.3%, we distinguished 43 Frankia OTUs from root systems of 22 Alnus species on four continents. Host phylogeny was the main determinant of Frankia OTU-based community composition, but there was no effect on the phylogenetic structure of Frankia. Biogeographic analyses revealed the strongest cross-continental links over the Beringian land bridge. Despite the facultative symbiotic nature of Frankia, phylogenetic relations among Alnus species play a prominent role in structuring root-associated Frankia communities and their biogeographic patterns. Our results suggest that Alnus species exert strong phylogenetically determined selection pressure on compatible Actinobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Põlme
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St., 51005, Tartu, Estonia; Natural History Museum of Tartu University, 46 Vanemuise Street, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
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119
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Huggins JA, Talbot J, Gardes M, Kennedy PG. Unlocking environmental keys to host specificity: differential tolerance of acidity and nitrate by Alnus-associated ectomycorrhizal fungi. FUNGAL ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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120
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121
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Hayward J, Horton TR. Phylogenetic trait conservation in the partner choice of a group of ectomycorrhizal trees. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:4886-98. [PMID: 25169622 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ecological interactions are frequently conserved across evolutionary time. In the case of mutualisms, these conserved interactions may play a large role in structuring mutualist communities. We hypothesized that phylogenetic trait conservation could play a key role in determining patterns of association in the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, a globally important trophic mutualism. We used the association between members of the pantropical plant tribe Pisonieae and its fungal mutualist partners as a model system to test the prediction that Pisonieae-associating ectomycorrhizal fungi will be more closely related than expected by chance, reflecting a conserved trait. We tested this prediction using previously published and newly generated sequences in a Bayesian framework incorporating phylogenetic uncertainty. We report that phylogenetic trait conservation does exist in this association. We generated a five-marker phylogeny of members of the Pisonieae and used this phylogeny in a Bayesian relaxed molecular clock analysis. We established that the most recent common ancestors of Pisonieae species and Pisonieae-associating fungi sharing phylogenetic conservation of their patterns of ectomycorrhizal association occurred no more recently than 14.2 Ma. We therefore suggest that phylogenetic trait conservation in the Pisonieae ectomycorrhizal mutualism association represents an inherited syndrome which has existed for at least 14 Myr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Hayward
- Department of Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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122
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Pellissier L, Niculita-Hirzel H, Dubuis A, Pagni M, Guex N, Ndiribe C, Salamin N, Xenarios I, Goudet J, Sanders IR, Guisan A. Soil fungal communities of grasslands are environmentally structured at a regional scale in the Alps. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:4274-90. [PMID: 25041483 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Studying patterns of species distributions along elevation gradients is frequently used to identify the primary factors that determine the distribution, diversity and assembly of species. However, despite their crucial role in ecosystem functioning, our understanding of the distribution of below-ground fungi is still limited, calling for more comprehensive studies of fungal biogeography along environmental gradients at various scales (from regional to global). Here, we investigated the richness of taxa of soil fungi and their phylogenetic diversity across a wide range of grassland types along a 2800 m elevation gradient at a large number of sites (213), stratified across a region of the Western Swiss Alps (700 km(2)). We used 454 pyrosequencing to obtain fungal sequences that were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The OTU diversity-area relationship revealed uneven distribution of fungal taxa across the study area (i.e. not all taxa are everywhere) and fine-scale spatial clustering. Fungal richness and phylogenetic diversity were found to be higher in lower temperatures and higher moisture conditions. Climatic and soil characteristics as well as plant community composition were related to OTU alpha, beta and phylogenetic diversity, with distinct fungal lineages suggesting distinct ecological tolerances. Soil fungi, thus, show lineage-specific biogeographic patterns, even at a regional scale, and follow environmental determinism, mediated by interactions with plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pellissier
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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123
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Tedersoo L, Bahram M, Ryberg M, Otsing E, Kõljalg U, Abarenkov K. Global biogeography of the ectomycorrhizal /sebacina lineage (Fungi, Sebacinales) as revealed from comparative phylogenetic analyses. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:4168-83. [PMID: 24981058 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Compared with plants and animals, large-scale biogeographic patterns of microbes including fungi are poorly understood. By the use of a comparative phylogenetic approach and ancestral state reconstructions, we addressed the global biogeography, rate of evolution and evolutionary origin of the widely distributed ectomycorrhizal (EcM) /sebacina lineage that forms a large proportion of the Sebacinales order. We downloaded all publicly available internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and metadata and supplemented sequence information from three genes to construct dated phylogenies and test biogeographic hypotheses. The /sebacina lineage evolved 45-57 Myr ago that groups it with relatively young EcM taxa in other studies. The most parsimonious origin for /sebacina is inferred to be North American temperate coniferous forests. Among biogeographic traits, region and biome exhibited stronger phylogenetic signal than host family. Consistent with the resource availability (environmental energy) hypothesis, the ITS region is evolving at a faster rate in tropical than nontropical regions. Most biogeographic regions exhibited substantial phylogenetic clustering suggesting a strong impact of dispersal limitation over a large geographic scale. In northern Holarctic regions, however, phylogenetic distances and phylogenetic grouping of isolates indicate multiple recent dispersal events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leho Tedersoo
- Natural History Museum of Tartu University, 14A Ravila, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
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124
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Walker JKM, Cohen H, Higgins LM, Kennedy PG. Testing the link between community structure and function for ectomycorrhizal fungi involved in a global tripartite symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:287-296. [PMID: 24320607 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Alnus trees associate with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi and nitrogen-fixing Frankia bacteria and, although their ECM fungal communities are uncommonly host specific and species poor, it is unclear whether the functioning of Alnus ECM fungal symbionts differs from that of other ECM hosts. We used exoenzyme root tip assays and molecular identification to test whether ECM fungi on Alnus rubra differed in their ability to access organic phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) when compared with ECM fungi on the non-Frankia host Pseudotsuga menziesii. At the community level, potential acid phosphatase (AP) activity of ECM fungal root tips from A. rubra was significantly higher than that from P. menziesii, whereas potential leucine aminopeptidase (LA) activity was significantly lower for A. rubra root tips at one of the two sites. At the individual species level, there was no clear relationship between ECM fungal relative root tip abundance and relative AP or LA enzyme activities on either host. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that ECM fungal communities associated with Alnus trees have enhanced organic P acquisition abilities relative to non-Frankia ECM hosts. This shift, in combination with the chemical conditions present in Alnus forest soils, may drive the atypical structure of Alnus ECM fungal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K M Walker
- Department of Biology, Lewis and Clark College, 0615 SW Palatine Hill Rd, Portland, OR, 97219, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Hannah Cohen
- Department of Biology, Lewis and Clark College, 0615 SW Palatine Hill Rd, Portland, OR, 97219, USA
| | - Logan M Higgins
- Department of Biology, Lewis and Clark College, 0615 SW Palatine Hill Rd, Portland, OR, 97219, USA
| | - Peter G Kennedy
- Department of Biology, Lewis and Clark College, 0615 SW Palatine Hill Rd, Portland, OR, 97219, USA
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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125
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Gao C, Shi NN, Liu YX, Zheng Y, Ding Q, Mi XC, Ma KP, Wubet T, Buscot F, Guo LD. Host plant richness explains diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi: Response to the comment of Tedersooet al. (2014). Mol Ecol 2014; 23:996-9. [PMID: 24428237 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology; Institute of Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; NO. 1 Beichen West Road Chaoyang District Beijing 100101 China
| | - Nan-Nan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology; Institute of Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; NO. 1 Beichen West Road Chaoyang District Beijing 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yue-Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology; Institute of Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; NO. 1 Beichen West Road Chaoyang District Beijing 100101 China
| | - Yong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology; Institute of Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; NO. 1 Beichen West Road Chaoyang District Beijing 100101 China
| | - Qiong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology; Institute of Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; NO. 1 Beichen West Road Chaoyang District Beijing 100101 China
| | - Xiang-Cheng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change; Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100093 China
| | - Ke-Ping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change; Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100093 China
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- Department of Soil Ecology; UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Halle 06120 Germany
- German Centre for integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Deutscher Platz 5e Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - François Buscot
- Department of Soil Ecology; UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Halle 06120 Germany
- German Centre for integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Deutscher Platz 5e Leipzig 04103 Germany
- University of Leipzig; Institute of Biology; Johannisallee 21-23 Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - Liang-Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology; Institute of Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; NO. 1 Beichen West Road Chaoyang District Beijing 100101 China
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126
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Tedersoo L, Bahram M, Dickie IA. Does host plant richness explain diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi? Re-evaluation of Gao et al. (2013) data sets reveals sampling effects. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:992-5. [PMID: 24400823 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The generally positive relationship between biodiversity of groups of directly or indirectly interacting organisms is one of the most important ecological concepts (Gaston, 2000 Nature, 405, 220-227; Scherber C, Eisenhauer N, Weisser WW et al., 2010 Nature, 468, 553-556). In a recent issue of Molecular Ecology, Gao C, Shi N-N, Liu Y-X et al. (2013: 22, 3403-3414) reported that the richness of plants and ectomycorrhizal fungi is positively correlated both at local and at global scales. Here, we challenge these findings by re-analysis of data and ascribe the reported results to sampling effect and poor data compilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leho Tedersoo
- Natural History Museum and Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
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127
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128
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Blaalid R, Davey ML, Kauserud H, Carlsen T, Halvorsen R, Høiland K, Eidesen PB. Arctic root-associated fungal community composition reflects environmental filtering. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:649-59. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakel Blaalid
- Department of Biology; Microbial Evolution Research Group (MERG); University of Oslo; PO Box 1066 Blindern NO-0316 Oslo Norway
| | - Marie L. Davey
- The University Centre in Svalbard; PO Box 156 NO-9171 Longyearbyen Norway
| | - Håvard Kauserud
- Department of Biology; Microbial Evolution Research Group (MERG); University of Oslo; PO Box 1066 Blindern NO-0316 Oslo Norway
| | - Tor Carlsen
- Department of Biology; Microbial Evolution Research Group (MERG); University of Oslo; PO Box 1066 Blindern NO-0316 Oslo Norway
| | - Rune Halvorsen
- Natural History Museum; University of Oslo; PO Box 1172 Blindern NO-0318 Oslo Norway
| | - Klaus Høiland
- Department of Biology; Microbial Evolution Research Group (MERG); University of Oslo; PO Box 1066 Blindern NO-0316 Oslo Norway
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129
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Tedersoo L, Mett M, Ishida TA, Bahram M. Phylogenetic relationships among host plants explain differences in fungal species richness and community composition in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 199:822-31. [PMID: 23692134 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Geographic and taxonomic host ranges determine the distribution of biotrophic organisms. Host phylogenetic distance strongly affects the community composition of pathogens and parasites, but little is known about the host phylogeny effect on communities of mutualists, such as plant-pollinator and plant-mycorrhizal fungi systems. By incorporating phylogenetic eigenvectors into univariate and multivariate models, we aimed to determine the relative contribution of host phylogeny and environmental variables to mycorrhizal traits and community composition of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi in Salicaceae at the local scale. Host phylogeny explained 75% of the variation in fungal species richness and 20% of the variation in community composition. We also re-analyzed a system involving eight hosts from Japan, in which host phylogeny explained 26% and 9% of the variation in fungal richness and community composition, respectively. [Correction added after online publication 21 May 2013: in the preceding sentence the values 9% and 26% have been transposed.] Phylogenetic eigenvectors that differentially account for clades and terminal taxa across the phylogeny revealed stronger host effects than did the treatment of host species as categorical or dummy variables in multiregression models, and in comparison with methods such as Mantel test and its analogs. Our results indicate the usefulness of the eigenvector method for the quantification of the host phylogeny effect, which represents an integrated complex function of taxonomic sampling effect and phylogenetic distance per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leho Tedersoo
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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130
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Horton TR, Hayward J, Tourtellot SG, Taylor DL. Uncommon ectomycorrhizal networks: richness and distribution of Alnus-associating ectomycorrhizal fungal communities. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 198:978-980. [PMID: 23646860 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Horton
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Jeremy Hayward
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Samuel G Tourtellot
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - D Lee Taylor
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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