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Schuetz A, Radusheva V, Krug SM, Heinemann U. Crystal structure of the tricellulin C-terminal coiled-coil domain reveals a unique mode of dimerization. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1405:147-159. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schuetz
- Helmholtz Protein Sample Production Facility; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - Veselina Radusheva
- Helmholtz Protein Sample Production Facility; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - Susanne M. Krug
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Udo Heinemann
- Helmholtz Protein Sample Production Facility; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
- Macromolecular Structure and Interaction; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Institute; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin Germany
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102
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Takasawa K, Takasawa A, Osanai M, Aoyama T, Ono Y, Kono T, Hirohashi Y, Murata M, Sawada N. Claudin-18 coupled with EGFR/ERK signaling contributes to the malignant potentials of bile duct cancer. Cancer Lett 2017. [PMID: 28624624 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Our recent work revealed that elevated expression of claudin-18 is involved in bile duct neoplasia. In the present study, we found that wound generation of a cell sheet de novo induced claudin-18 expression in its leading edge, coincident with high mitotic activity. We also found that the suppression of claudin-18 expression significantly reduced cell growth and invasiveness of bile duct cancer cell lines and tumorigenicity in vivo. In addition, an antibody specific to an extracellular loop of claudin-18 showed similar effects on the cells such as cell proliferation. Interestingly, treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and overexpression of RAS oncogene induced claudin-18 expression by activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)1/2. Furthermore, enhanced claudin-18 expression activated ERK1/2. These findings provide evidence for an oncogenic property of claudin-18 in bile duct carcinoma cells via modulation of EGFR/ERK signaling, indicating that claudin-18 is a possible therapeutic target for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumi Takasawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Takasawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Makoto Osanai
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Aoyama
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kono
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hirohashi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Murata
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Sawada
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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103
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Osanai M. Cellular retinoic acid bioavailability in various pathologies and its therapeutic implication. Pathol Int 2017; 67:281-291. [PMID: 28422378 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, is a critical signaling molecule in various cell types. We found that RA depletion caused by expression of the RA-metabolizing enzyme CYP26A1 promotes carcinogenesis, implicating CYP26A1 as a candidate oncogene. Several studies of CYP26s have suggested that the biological effect of RA on target cells is primarily determined by "cellular RA bioavailability", which is defined as the RA level in an individual cell, rather than by the serum concentration of RA. Consistently, stellate cells store approximately 80% of vitamin A in the body, and the state of cellular RA bioavailability regulates their function. Based on the similarities between stellate cells and astrocytes, we demonstrated that retinal astrocytes regulate tight junction-based endothelial integrity in a paracrine manner. Since diabetic retinopathy is characterized by increased vascular permeability in its early pathogenesis, RA normalized retinal astrocytes that are compromised in diabetes, resulting in suppression of vascular leakiness. RA also attenuated the loss of the epithelial barrier in murine experimental colitis. The concept of "cellular RA bioavailability" in various diseases will be directed at understanding various pathologies caused by RA insufficiency, implying the potential feasibility of a therapeutic strategy targeting the stellate cell system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Osanai
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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104
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Beatty JK, Akierman SV, Motta JP, Muise S, Workentine ML, Harrison JJ, Bhargava A, Beck PL, Rioux KP, McKnight GW, Wallace JL, Buret AG. Giardia duodenalis induces pathogenic dysbiosis of human intestinal microbiota biofilms. Int J Parasitol 2017; 47:311-326. [PMID: 28237889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is a prevalent cause of acute diarrheal disease worldwide. However, recent outbreaks in Italy and Norway have revealed a link between giardiasis and the subsequent development of chronic post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. While the mechanisms underlying the causation of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome remain obscure, recent findings suggest that alterations in gut microbiota communities are linked to the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome. In the present study, we use a laboratory biofilm system to culture and enrich mucosal microbiota from human intestinal biopsies. Subsequently, we show that co-culture with Giardia induces disturbances in biofilm species composition and biofilm structure resulting in microbiota communities that are intrinsically dysbiotic - even after the clearance of Giardia. These microbiota abnormalities were mediated in part by secretory-excretory Giardia cysteine proteases. Using in vitro cell culture and germ-free murine infection models, we show that Giardia-induced disruptions of microbiota promote bacterial invasion, resulting in epithelial apoptosis, tight junctional disruption, and bacterial translocation across an intestinal epithelial barrier. Additionally, these dysbiotic microbiota communities resulted in increased activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway, and overproduction of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta in humanized germ-free mice. Previous studies that have sought explanations and risk factors for the development of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome have focused on features of enteropathogens and attributes of the infected host. We propose that polymicrobial interactions involving Giardia and gut microbiota may cause persistent dysbiosis, offering a new interpretation of the reasons why those afflicted with giardiasis are predisposed to gastrointestinal disorders post-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Beatty
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sarah V Akierman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Stacy Muise
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Matthew L Workentine
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Joe J Harrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Amol Bhargava
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Paul L Beck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Kevin P Rioux
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Gordon Webb McKnight
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - John L Wallace
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Andre G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
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105
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Tilston-Lünel AM, Haley KE, Schlecht NF, Wang Y, Chatterton ALD, Moleirinho S, Watson A, Hundal HS, Prystowsky MB, Gunn-Moore FJ, Reynolds PA. Crumbs 3b promotes tight junctions in an ezrin-dependent manner in mammalian cells. J Mol Cell Biol 2016; 8:439-455. [PMID: 27190314 PMCID: PMC5055084 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjw020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Crumbs 3 (CRB3) is a component of epithelial junctions, which has been implicated in apical-basal polarity, apical identity, apical stability, cell adhesion, and cell growth. CRB3 undergoes alternative splicing to yield two variants: CRB3a and CRB3b. Here, we describe novel data demonstrating that, as with previous studies on CRB3a, CRB3b also promotes the formation of tight junctions (TJs). However, significantly we demonstrate that the 4.1-ezrin-radixin-moesin-binding motif of CRB3b is required for CRB3b functionality and that ezrin binds to the FBM of CRB3b. Furthermore, we show that ezrin contributes to CRB3b functionality and the correct distribution of TJ proteins. We demonstrate that both CRB3 isoforms are required for the production of functionally mature TJs and also the localization of ezrin to the plasma membrane. Finally, we demonstrate that reduced CRB3b expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) correlates with cytoplasmic ezrin, a biomarker for aggressive disease, and shows evidence that while CRB3a expression has no effect, low CRB3b and high cytoplasmic ezrin expression combined may be prognostic for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Tilston-Lünel
- Medical and Biological Sciences Building, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Kathryn E Haley
- Medical and Biological Sciences Building, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Nicolas F Schlecht
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Abigail L D Chatterton
- Medical and Biological Sciences Building, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Susana Moleirinho
- Medical and Biological Sciences Building, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK.,Medical and Biological Sciences Building, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK.,Present address: Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Ailsa Watson
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Harinder S Hundal
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Frank J Gunn-Moore
- Medical and Biological Sciences Building, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Paul A Reynolds
- Medical and Biological Sciences Building, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
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106
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Osanai M, Takasawa A, Murata M, Sawada N. Claudins in cancer: bench to bedside. Pflugers Arch 2016; 469:55-67. [PMID: 27624415 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1877-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The claudin family, in mammals, encoded by at least 27 members of a single ancestral gene, CLDN, is the main constituent as integral membrane proteins of tight junctions. It has been shown that the expression levels of claudins are often decreased or that their expressions are absent in human neoplasias. These findings are consistent with the well-accepted concept that carcinogenesis is accompanied by the disruption or loss of functional tight junctions. In contrast, accumulating data have showed elevated or aberrant expression of claudins in various cancers, indicating specific roles of claudins in tumorigenesis. Importantly, dysregulated claudins play an oncogenic role or conversely have a tumor-suppressive effect depending on target tissues or cell types, and thus, they contribute to tumor development and progression. Although tight junctions are intercellular structures in epithelial cells, specific roles of claudins in cancer are supported by the evidence that TJs are not simple static constituents for establishing cell adhesion structures but are also cell signaling components that have functions in receiving environmental cues and transmitting signals inside cells. Since the expression profile of claudins is associated with patients' outcome and prognosis in several cancer types, an understanding of the expression pattern and subcellular localization of claudins in various pathologies will lead to the establishment of claudins as useful biomarkers for the detection and diagnosis of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Osanai
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.
| | - Akira Takasawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Masaki Murata
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Norimasa Sawada
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
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107
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Resveratrol Protects Oxidative Stress-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction by Upregulating Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:2522-34. [PMID: 27146412 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Obstructive jaundice (OJ) is frequently complicated by infections and has been associated with increased bacterial translocation, intestinal epithelial hyperpermeability, and oxidative stress, but the mechanism remains unclear. The potential effect of resveratrol (Res) on modifying intestinal epithelial dysfunction was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Caco-2 cells (in vitro) and male Wistar rats (n = 60; in vivo) were used to evaluate the role of Res on intestinal epithelial dysfunction. Hydrogen peroxide was used to induce oxidative stress in the Caco-2 cells. In bile duct-ligated group, OJ was successfully established on Day 7 after bile duct ligation, whereas sham-operated and vehicle-treated rats served as controls. Western blot and RT-qPCR were performed to analyze TJ proteins expression in epithelium isolated from rat intestine. RESULTS Intestinal hyperpermeability was associated with decreased expression and phosphorylation of occludin and zonula occluden (ZO-1), but increased oxidation in Caco-2 cells and the intestinal epithelium. Res treatment increased the epithelial expression and phosphorylation of occludin and ZO-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, Res which protected Caco-2 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage clearly reduced malondialdehyde level and intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, but increased the expression levels of superoxide dismutase and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Further studies showed that Res also inhibited H2O2-induced protein kinase C activity and p38 phosphorylation. Interestingly, these effects of Res were abolished by the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin or knockdown of HO-1 by siRNA. CONCLUSIONS Res protected gut barrier function possibly by initiating HO-1-dependent signaling which is essential for common expression of key tight junction proteins. It also provides a rationale to develop Res clinical applications of intestinal disorders.
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108
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Ono Y, Hiratsuka Y, Murata M, Takasawa A, Fukuda R, Nojima M, Tanaka S, Osanai M, Hirata K, Sawada N. Claudins-4 and -7 might be valuable markers to distinguish hepatocellular carcinoma from cholangiocarcinoma. Virchows Arch 2016; 469:417-26. [PMID: 27444172 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1984-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The claudin family members are the functional components of tight junctions. Expression and localization of claudins vary among organs and tumor types. In this study, we examined expression and localization of tight junction proteins (TJP) in human liver tumors, to estimate their usefulness as differential diagnostic markers. The materials used for immunohistochemical analysis were 47 liver tumor specimens including 29 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 15 cases of cholangiocarcinoma (CC), 3 cases of combined HCC and CC (CHC), and 3 cases of cholangiolocellular carcinoma (CoCC). Samples were examined using semiquantitative and statistical analysis of immunoreactivity. In HCC, claudin-1, occludin, tricellulin, and JAM-A were expressed on the cell membrane as well as in hepatocytes. In CC, claudins-1, -4, and -7, tricellulin, and JAM-A were expressed on the cell membrane and occludin was predominantly expressed in the apicalmost areas of the cell membrane. Significant differences in the immunohistochemical scores of claudin-4 and claudin-7 were observed when comparing HCC and CC. CHC was positive for all of the TJPs examined in this study. The expression pattern of CoCC was found to be similar to that of CC. There were differences in the distribution of intensity scores of claudins-4 and -7 and occludin between CoCC and HCC. In addition, CHC was positive for Glypican-3 and CK-19. CoCC was positive for only CK-19. The results suggest that claudins-4 and -7 might be valuable markers for distinguishing HCC and CC and that CoCC might arise from hepatic ductal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ono
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1. W17, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Yutaro Hiratsuka
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1. W17, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Masaki Murata
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1. W17, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.
| | - Akira Takasawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1. W17, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Rieko Fukuda
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1. W17, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Masanori Nojima
- Division of Advanced Medicine Promotion, The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1. W17, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Makoto Osanai
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1. W17, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Koichi Hirata
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Sawada
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1. W17, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
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109
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Babkair H, Yamazaki M, Uddin MS, Maruyama S, Abé T, Essa A, Sumita Y, Ahsan MS, Swelam W, Cheng J, Saku T. Aberrant expression of the tight junction molecules claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1 mediates cell growth and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2016; 57:51-60. [PMID: 27436828 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We reported that altered cell contact mediated by E-cadherin is an initial event in the pathogenesis of oral epithelial malignancies. To assess other effects of cell adhesion, we examined the expression levels of tight junction (TJ) molecules in oral carcinoma in situ (CIS) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). To identify changes in the expression of TJ molecules, we conducted an analysis of the immunohistochemical profiles of claudin-1 (CLDN-1) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in surgical specimens acquired from patients with oral SCC containing foci of epithelial dysplasia or from patients with CIS. We used immunofluorescence, Western blotting, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and RNA interference to evaluate the functions of CLDN-1 and ZO-1 in cultured oral SCC cells. TJ molecules were not detected in normal oral epithelial tissues but were expressed in SCC/CIS cells. ZO-1 was localized within the nucleus of proliferating cells. When CLDN-1 expression was inhibited by transfecting cells with specific small interference RNAs, SCC cells dissociated, and their ability to proliferate and invade Matrigel was inhibited. In contrast, although RNA interference-mediated inhibition of ZO-1 expression did not affect cell morphology, it inhibited cell proliferation and invasiveness. Our findings indicated that the detection of TJ molecules in the oral epithelia may serve as a marker for the malignant phenotype of cells in which CLDN-1 regulates proliferation and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzah Babkair
- Division of Oral Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Oral Basic and Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medina 41311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manabu Yamazaki
- Division of Oral Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Md Shihab Uddin
- Division of Oral Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maruyama
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Abé
- Division of Oral Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
| | - Ahmed Essa
- Division of Oral Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Sumita
- Division of Oral Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Md Shahidul Ahsan
- Division of Oral Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Wael Swelam
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Oral Basic and Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medina 41311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Cheng
- Division of Oral Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Takashi Saku
- Division of Oral Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
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Hsu LI, Briggs F, Shao X, Metayer C, Wiemels JL, Chokkalingam AP, Barcellos LF. Pathway Analysis of Genome-wide Association Study in Childhood Leukemia among Hispanics. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:815-22. [PMID: 26941364 PMCID: PMC4873450 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is nearly 20% higher among Hispanics than non-Hispanic Whites. Previous studies have shown evidence for association between risk of ALL and variation within IKZF1, ARID5B, CEBPE, CDKN2A, GATA3, and BM1-PIP4K2A genes. However, variants identified only account for <10% of the genetic risk of ALL. METHODS We applied pathway-based analyses to genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from the California Childhood Leukemia Study to determine whether different biologic pathways were overrepresented in childhood ALL and major ALL subtypes. Furthermore, we applied causal inference and data reduction methods to prioritize candidate genes within each identified overrepresented pathway, while accounting for correlation among SNPs. RESULTS Pathway analysis results indicate that different ALL subtypes may involve distinct biologic mechanisms. Focal adhesion is a shared mechanism across the different disease subtypes. For ALL, the top five overrepresented Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways include axon guidance, protein digestion and absorption, melanogenesis, leukocyte transendothelial migration, and focal adhesion (PFDR < 0.05). Notably, these pathways are connected to downstream MAPK or Wnt signaling pathways which have been linked to B-cell malignancies. Several candidate genes for ALL, such as COL6A6 and COL5A1, were identified through targeted maximum likelihood estimation. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show distinct biologic pathways are overrepresented in different ALL subtypes using pathway-based approaches, and identified potential gene candidates using causal inference methods. IMPACT The findings demonstrate that newly developed bioinformatics tools and causal inference methods can provide insights to furthering our understanding of the pathogenesis of leukemia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(5); 815-22. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-I Hsu
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California.
| | - Farren Briggs
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xiaorong Shao
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Catherine Metayer
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Joseph L Wiemels
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Anand P Chokkalingam
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Lisa F Barcellos
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
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111
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GUO YAXIONG, LIN DONGJING, ZHANG MINGZI, ZHANG XIAOWEI, LI YANRU, YANG RUAN, LU YAN, JIN XIANGSHU, YANG MINLAN, WANG MIAOMIAO, ZHAO SHUAI, QUAN CHENGSHI. CLDN6-induced apoptosis via regulating ASK1-p38/JNK signaling in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2435-44. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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112
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Abe A, Takano K, Kojima T, Nomura K, Kakuki T, Kaneko Y, Yamamoto M, Takahashi H, Himi T. Interferon-gamma increased epithelial barrier function via upregulating claudin-7 expression in human submandibular gland duct epithelium. J Mol Histol 2016; 47:353-63. [PMID: 26956365 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-016-9667-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are necessary for salivary gland function and may serve as indicators of salivary gland epithelial dysfunction. IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a newly recognized fibro-inflammatory condition which disrupts the TJ associated epithelial barrier. The salivary glands are one of the most frequently involved organs in IgG4-RD, however, changes of the TJ associated epithelial barrier in salivary gland duct epithelium is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the regulation and function of TJs in human submandibular gland ductal epithelial cells (HSDECs) in normal and IgG4-RD. We examined submandibular gland (SMG) tissue from eight control individuals and 22 patients with IgG4-RD and established an HSDEC culture system. Immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, western blotting, and measurement of transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) were performed. Claudin-4, claudin-7, occludin, and JAM-A were expressed at the apical side of the duct epithelium in submandibular gland (SMG) tissue and at the cell borders in HSDECs of normal and IgG4-RD. The expression and distribution of TJs in SMG tissue were not different in control individuals and patients with IgG4-RD in vivo and in vitro. Although interferon-gamma (IFNγ) generally disrupts the integrity and function of TJs, as manifested by decreased epithelial barrier function, IFNγ markedly increased the epithelial barrier function of HSDECs via upregulation of claudin-7 expression in HSDECs from patients with IgG4-RD. This is the first report showing an IFNγ-dependent increase in epithelial barrier function in the salivary gland duct epithelium. Our results provide insights into the functional significance of TJs in salivary gland duct epithelium in physiological and pathological conditions, including IgG4-RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Abe
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1W16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Kenichi Takano
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1W16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nomura
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1W16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Takuya Kakuki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1W16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.,Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yakuto Kaneko
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1W16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.,Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Motohisa Yamamoto
- Department of the Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of the Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Himi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1W16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
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113
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Smith YE, Vellanki SH, Hopkins AM. Dynamic interplay between adhesion surfaces in carcinomas: Cell-cell and cell-matrix crosstalk. World J Biol Chem 2016; 7:64-77. [PMID: 26981196 PMCID: PMC4768125 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v7.i1.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell and cell-matrix signaling and communication between adhesion sites involve mechanisms which are required for cellular functions during normal development and homeostasis; however these cellular functions and mechanisms are often deregulated in cancer. Aberrant signaling at cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion sites often involves downstream mediators including Rho GTPases and tyrosine kinases. This review discusses these molecules as putative mediators of cellular crosstalk between cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion sites, in addition to their attractiveness as therapeutic targets in cancer. Interestingly, inter-junctional crosstalk mechanisms are frequently typified by the way in which bacterial and viral pathogens opportunistically infect or intoxicate mammalian cells. This review therefore also discusses the concept of learning from pathogen-host interaction studies to better understand coordinated communication between cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion sites, in addition to highlighting the potential therapeutic usefulness of exploiting pathogens or their products to tap into inter-junctional crosstalk. Taken together, we feel that increased knowledge around mechanisms of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion site crosstalk and consequently a greater understanding of their therapeutic targeting offers a unique opportunity to contribute to the emerging molecular revolution in cancer biology.
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114
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Increased expressions of claudin 4 and 7 in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the lung. Med Mol Morphol 2016; 49:163-9. [PMID: 26872891 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-016-0135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal expression of claudin (Cldn), the main constituent of tight junctions, may play a crucial role in carcinogenesis. To elucidate these abnormalities of tight junctions in lung adenocarcinoma during carcinogenesis, we examined immunohistochemical expressions of Cldn4 and Cldn7 in human lung resection materials. Lung resection specimens from 86 patients were studied, including 16 atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), 19 adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), 32 invasive adenocarcinoma (ADC), 5 AIS with AAH, 2 ADC with AAH, 10 ADC with AIS, and 2 ADC with AIS and AAH. The immunohistochemical staining (IHC) score was defined for both the extent and intensity of staining. IHC score for Cldn4 in AIS and ADC was significantly higher than that in alveolar epithelium (AE) and AAH (p < 0.001 for both). In addition, the AAH score was significantly higher than that in AE (p < 0.001). The Cldn7 score in ADC was significantly increased compared with AE and AAH (p < 0.001 for both). These results suggested that increase of Cldn4-expression may be involved in early molecular events during carcinogenesis of adenocarcinoma, whereas increase of Cldn7-expression may be associated with tumor invasion or progression.
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115
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Watari A, Hasegawa M, Yagi K, Kondoh M. Checkpoint Kinase 1 Activation Enhances Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function via Regulation of Claudin-5 Expression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145631. [PMID: 26727128 PMCID: PMC4699696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Several stressors are known to influence epithelial tight junction (TJ) integrity, but the association between DNA damage and TJ integrity remains unclear. Here we examined the effects of daunorubicin and rebeccamycin, two anti-tumor chemicals that induce DNA damage, on TJ integrity in human intestinal epithelial cells. Daunorubicin and rebeccamycin dose-dependently enhanced transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and decreased flux of the 4 kDa FITC-dextran in Caco-2 cell monolayer. Daunorubicin- or rebeccamycin-induced enhancement of the TJ barrier function partly rescued attenuation of the barrier function by the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ. Daunorubicin and rebeccamycin increased claudin-5 expression and the product was distributed in the actin cytoskeleton fraction, which was enriched with TJ proteins. Caffeine, which is an inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related protein (ATR), and the Chk1 inhibitor inhibited the TER increases induced by daunorubicin and rebeccamycin, whereas a Chk2 inhibitor did not. Treatment with Chk1 siRNA also significantly inhibited the TER increases. Induction of claudin-5 expression was inhibited by Chk1 inhibitor and by siRNA treatment. Our results suggest that Chk1 activation by daunorubicin and rebeccamycin induced claudin-5 expression and enhanced TJ barrier function in Caco-2 cell monolayer, which suggests a link between DNA damage and TJ integrity in the human intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Watari
- Laboratories of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (AW); (MK)
| | - Maki Hasegawa
- Laboratories of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Yagi
- Laboratories of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masuo Kondoh
- Laboratories of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (AW); (MK)
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116
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Khan N, Pantakani DVK, Binder L, Qasim M, Asif AR. Immunosuppressant MPA Modulates Tight Junction through Epigenetic Activation of MLCK/MLC-2 Pathway via p38MAPK. Front Physiol 2015; 6:381. [PMID: 26733876 PMCID: PMC4687409 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an important immunosuppressive drug (ISD) prescribed to prevent graft rejection in the organ transplanted patients, however, its use is also associated with adverse side effects like sporadic gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances. Recently, we reported the MPA induced tight junctions (TJs) deregulation which involves MLCK/MLC-2 pathway. Here, we investigated the global histone acetylation as well as gene-specific chromatin signature of several genes associated with TJs regulation in Caco-2 cells after MPA treatment. RESULTS The epigenetic analysis shows that MPA treatment increases the global histone acetylation levels as well as the enrichment for transcriptional active histone modification mark (H3K4me3) at promoter regions of p38MAPK, ATF-2, MLCK, and MLC-2. In contrast, the promoter region of occludin was enriched for transcriptional repressive histone modification mark (H3K27me3) after MPA treatment. In line with the chromatin status, MPA treatment increased the expression of p38MAPK, ATF-2, MLCK, and MLC-2 both at transcriptional and translational level, while occludin expression was negatively influenced. Interestingly, the MPA induced gene expression changes and functional properties of Caco-2 cells could be blocked by the inhibition of p38MAPK using a chemical inhibitor (SB203580). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results highlight that MPA disrupts the structure of TJs via p38MAPK-dependent activation of MLCK/MLC-2 pathway that results in decreased integrity of Caco-2 monolayer. These results led us to suggest that p38MAPK-mediated lose integrity of epithelial monolayer could be the possible cause of GI disturbance (barrier dysfunction) in the intestine, leading to leaky style diarrhea observed in the organ-transplanted patients treated with MPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamat Khan
- Proteomics Group, Institute for Clinical Chemistry/UMG-Laboratories, University Medical CentreGoettingen, Germany; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and TechnologyKohat, Pakistan
| | - D V Krishna Pantakani
- Proteomics Group, Institute for Clinical Chemistry/UMG-Laboratories, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Binder
- Proteomics Group, Institute for Clinical Chemistry/UMG-Laboratories, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Germany
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Proteomics Group, Institute for Clinical Chemistry/UMG-Laboratories, University Medical CentreGoettingen, Germany; Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and TechnologyKohat, Pakistan
| | - Abdul R Asif
- Proteomics Group, Institute for Clinical Chemistry/UMG-Laboratories, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Germany
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117
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Tanaka H, Takechi M, Kiyonari H, Shioi G, Tamura A, Tsukita S. Intestinal deletion of Claudin-7 enhances paracellular organic solute flux and initiates colonic inflammation in mice. Gut 2015; 64:1529-38. [PMID: 25691495 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To design novel anti-inflammation treatments, it is important to recognise two distinct steps of inflammation: initiation and acceleration. In IBDs, intestinal inflammation is reported to be accelerated by dysfunction in the epithelial paracellular barrier formed by tight junctions (TJs). However, it is unclear whether changes in paracellular barrier function initiate inflammation. Some of the intestinal claudin-family proteins, which form the paracellular barrier, show aberrant expression levels and localisations in IBDs. We aimed to elucidate the role of paracellular-barrier change in initiating colonic inflammation. DESIGN We generated intestine-specific conditional knockout mice of claudin-7 (Cldn7), one of the predominant intestinal claudins. RESULTS The intestine-specific Cldn7 deficiency caused colonic inflammation, even though TJ structures were still present due to other claudins. The paracellular flux (pFlux), determined by measuring the paracellular permeability across the colon epithelium, was enhanced by the Cldn7 deficiency for the small organic solute Lucifer Yellow (457 Da), but not for the larger organic solute FITC-Dextran (4400 Da). Consistent with these results, the intestine-specific claudin-7 deficiency enhanced the pFlux for N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP) (438 Da), a major bacterial product, to initiate colonic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that specific enhancement of the pFlux for small organic solutes across the claudin-based TJs initiates colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Tanaka
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Maki Takechi
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Go Shioi
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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118
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Rodríguez-Fernández JL, de Lacoba MG. Plasma membrane-associated superstructure: Have we overlooked a new type of organelle in eukaryotic cells? J Theor Biol 2015; 380:346-58. [PMID: 26066286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A variety of intriguing plasma membrane-associated regions, including focal adhesions, adherens junctions, tight junctions, immunological synapses, neuromuscular junctions and the primary cilia, among many others, have been described in eukaryotic cells. Emphasizing their importance, alteration in their molecular structures induces or correlates with different pathologies. These regions display surface proteins connected to intracellular molecules, including cytoskeletal component, which maintain their cytoarchitecture, and signalling proteins, which regulate their organization and functions. Based on the molecular similarities and other common features observed, we suggest that, despite differences in external appearances, all these regions are just the same superstructure that appears in different locations and cells. We hypothesize that this superstructure represents an overlooked new type of organelle that we call plasma membrane-associated superstructure (PMAS). Therefore, we suggest that eukaryotic cells include classical organelles (e.g. mitochondria, Golgi and others) and also PMAS. We speculate that this new type of organelle might be an innovation associated to the emergence of eukaryotes. Finally we discuss the implications of the hypothesis proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Rodríguez-Fernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Mario García de Lacoba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, Madrid 28040, Spain
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119
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The Roles of Tight Junctions and Claudin-1 in the Microbubble-Mediated Ultrasound-Induced Enhancement of Drug Concentrations in Rat Prostate. J Membr Biol 2015; 248:1167-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-015-9834-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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120
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Remodeling of Tight Junctions and Enhancement of Barrier Integrity of the CACO-2 Intestinal Epithelial Cell Layer by Micronutrients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133926. [PMID: 26226276 PMCID: PMC4520484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The micronutrients zinc, quercetin, butyrate, indole and berberine were evaluated for their ability to induce remodeling of epithelial tight junctions (TJs) and enhance barrier integrity in the CACO-2 gastrointestinal epithelial cell culture model. All five of these chemically very diverse micronutrients increased transepithelial electrical resistance (Rt) significantly, but only berberine also improved barrier integrity to the non-electrolyte D-mannitol. Increases of Rt as much as 200% of untreated controls were observed. Each of the five micronutrients also induced unique, signature-like changes in TJ protein composition, suggesting multiple pathways (and TJ arrangements) by which TJ barrier function can be enhanced. Decreases in abundance by as much as 90% were observed for claudin-2, and increases of over 300% could be seen for claudins -5 and -7. The exact effects of the micronutrients on barrier integrity and TJ protein composition were found to be highly dependent on the degree of differentiation of the cell layer at the time it was exposed to the micronutrient. The substratum to which the epithelial layer adheres was also found to regulate the response of the cell layer to the micronutrient. The implications of these findings for therapeutically decreasing morbidity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease are discussed.
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121
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Zihni C, Balda MS, Matter K. Signalling at tight junctions during epithelial differentiation and microbial pathogenesis. J Cell Sci 2015; 127:3401-13. [PMID: 25125573 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.145029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions are a component of the epithelial junctional complex, and they form the paracellular diffusion barrier that enables epithelial cells to create cellular sheets that separate compartments with different compositions. The assembly and function of tight junctions are intimately linked to the actomyosin cytoskeleton and, hence, are under the control of signalling mechanisms that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics. Tight junctions not only receive signals that guide their assembly and function, but transmit information to the cell interior to regulate cell proliferation, migration and survival. As a crucial component of the epithelial barrier, they are often targeted by pathogenic viruses and bacteria, aiding infection and the development of disease. In this Commentary, we review recent progress in the understanding of the molecular signalling mechanisms that drive junction assembly and function, and the signalling processes by which tight junctions regulate cell behaviour and survival. We also discuss the way in which junctional components are exploited by pathogenic viruses and bacteria, and how this might affect junctional signalling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceniz Zihni
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Maria S Balda
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Karl Matter
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
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122
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Cravo AS, Carter E, Erkan M, Harvey E, Furutani-Seiki M, Mrsny R. Hippo pathway elements Co-localize with Occludin: A possible sensor system in pancreatic epithelial cells. Tissue Barriers 2015; 3:e1037948. [PMID: 26451343 PMCID: PMC4574897 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2015.1037948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
External adherens junction-based cell-cell contacts involving E-cadherin interactions function to sense planar cell status and modulate epithelial cell proliferation through Hippo (Hpo) and non-canonical Wnt pathways signaling. We hypothesized these regulatory processes should also be sensitive to a similar cell-cell contact sensor associated with apical-basal polarity events at epithelial surfaces. We used 2 human pancreatic cancer cell lines to explore this hypothesis: one with the capacity to form functional tight junction structures and polarize (HPAFII) and one lacking this capacity (AsPc1). Occludin (Ocln), a tetraspanning protein associated with TJ structures and capable of establishing external cell-cell contacts, was observed to partially co-localize with Hpo elements YAP (c-yes associated protein) and TEAD (TEA-dependent), which function to drive a proliferative transcription program. Treatment with dobutamine, known to affect YAP, was shown to suppress proliferation in an Ocln-dependent manner. Blockade of protein kinase C-zeta (PKC-ζ) diminished transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) of HPAFII monolayers that was not corrected by dobutamine treatment while the loss of TER resulting from inhibition of ROCK1 could be partially recovered. Examination of normal and cancerous human pancreatic biopsies showed that the cellular localization of Ocln, c-Yes, YAP, and TEAD were similar to HPAFII for normal cells and AsPc1 for cancerous cells. Together, these results suggest a link between Hpo and signals emanating from cell-cell contacts involving Ocln that may regulate pancreatic cell proliferation through the coordination of planar cell polarity with apical-basal polarity events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Santos Cravo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; University of Bath ; Bath, UK
| | - Edward Carter
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; University of Bath ; Bath, UK
| | - Mert Erkan
- Department of Surgery; Koc University School of Medicine ; Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emma Harvey
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; University of Bath ; Bath, UK
| | | | - Randall Mrsny
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; University of Bath ; Bath, UK
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Alonso A, Domènech E, Julià A, Panés J, García-Sánchez V, Mateu PN, Gutiérrez A, Gomollón F, Mendoza JL, Garcia-Planella E, Barreiro-de Acosta M, Muñoz F, Vera M, Saro C, Esteve M, Andreu M, Chaparro M, Manyé J, Cabré E, López-Lasanta M, Tortosa R, Gelpí JL, García-Montero AC, Bertranpetit J, Absher D, Myers RM, Marsal S, Gisbert JP. Identification of risk loci for Crohn's disease phenotypes using a genome-wide association study. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:794-805. [PMID: 25557950 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Crohn's disease is a highly heterogeneous inflammatory bowel disease comprising multiple clinical phenotypes. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have associated a large number of loci with disease risk but have not associated any specific genetic variants with clinical phenotypes. We performed a GWAS of clinical phenotypes in Crohn's disease. METHODS We genotyped 576,818 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in a well-characterized cohort of 1090 Crohn's disease patients of European ancestry. We assessed their association with 17 phenotypes of Crohn's disease (based on disease location, disease behavior, disease course, age at onset, and extraintestinal manifestations). A total of 57 markers with strong associations to Crohn's disease phenotypes (P < 2 × 10(-4)) were subsequently analyzed in an independent replication cohort of 1296 patients of European ancestry. RESULTS We replicated the association of 4 loci with different Crohn's disease phenotypes. Variants in MAGI1, CLCA2, 2q24.1, and LY75 loci were associated with a complicated stricturing disease course (Pcombined = 2.01 × 10(-8)), disease location (Pcombined = 1.3 × 10(-6)), mild disease course (Pcombined = 5.94 × 10(-7)), and erythema nodosum (Pcombined = 2.27 × 10(-6)), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In a GWAS, we associated 4 loci with clinical phenotypes of Crohn's disease. These findings indicate a genetic basis for the clinical heterogeneity observed for this inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnald Alonso
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Enginyeria de Sistemes, Automática i Informàtica Industrial, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugeni Domènech
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio Julià
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián Panés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valle García-Sánchez
- Digestive System Service, Universidad de Córdoba/Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pilar Nos Mateu
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; Digestive Medicine Service, Hospital la Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; Gastroenterology Service, Hospital General de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Fernando Gomollón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; Digestive System Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan L Mendoza
- Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Fernando Muñoz
- Gastroenterology Service, Complejo Hospitalario de León, León, Spain
| | - Maribel Vera
- Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Saro
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital de Cabueñes, Gijón, Spain
| | - Maria Esteve
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Andreu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Institute of Research Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Chaparro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Manyé
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Cabré
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María López-Lasanta
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raül Tortosa
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lluís Gelpí
- Life Sciences, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, National Institute of Bioinformatics, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Devin Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama
| | - Sara Marsal
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Javier P Gisbert
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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Hiyoshi H, Okada R, Matsuda S, Gotoh K, Akeda Y, Iida T, Kodama T. Interaction between the type III effector VopO and GEF-H1 activates the RhoA-ROCK pathway. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004694. [PMID: 25738744 PMCID: PMC4349864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important pathogen that causes food-borne gastroenteritis in humans. The type III secretion system encoded on chromosome 2 (T3SS2) plays a critical role in the enterotoxic activity of V. parahaemolyticus. Previous studies have demonstrated that T3SS2 induces actin stress fibers in various epithelial cell lines during infection. This stress fiber formation is strongly related to pathogenicity, but the mechanisms that underlie T3SS2-dependent actin stress fiber formation and the main effector have not been elucidated. In this study, we identified VopO as a critical T3SS2 effector protein that activates the RhoA-ROCK pathway, which is an essential pathway for the induction of the T3SS2-dependent stress fiber formation. We also determined that GEF-H1, a RhoA guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), directly binds VopO and is necessary for T3SS2-dependent stress fiber formation. The GEF-H1-binding activity of VopO via an alpha helix region correlated well with its stress fiber-inducing capacity. Furthermore, we showed that VopO is involved in the T3SS2-dependent disruption of the epithelial barrier. Thus, VopO hijacks the RhoA-ROCK pathway in a different manner compared with previously reported bacterial toxins and effectors that modulate the Rho GTPase signaling pathway. Many bacterial pathogens manipulate the actin cytoskeleton of mammalian cells to establish pathogenesis via invasion, to evade killing by phagocytes, to disrupt a barrier function, and to induce inflammation caused by translocation type III secretion (T3S) effector proteins. We demonstrated that the T3S effector protein (VopO) of the enteric pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus induced robust actin stress fiber formation in infected host cells. Furthermore, this actin rearrangement induced barrier disruption in a colon epithelial cell line. Although many types of effector proteins have been reported, VopO does not share homology with previously reported effector proteins, and no putative functional motifs could be identified. Finally, we determined that the direct binding of VopO to a RhoA guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) is a key step in the induction of stress fiber formation. These findings indicate that VopO plays a unique role in the pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Hiyoshi
- Laboratory of Genomic Research on Pathogenic Bacteria, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryu Okada
- Laboratory of Genomic Research on Pathogenic Bacteria, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Matsuda
- Laboratory of Genomic Research on Pathogenic Bacteria, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Gotoh
- Laboratory of Genomic Research on Pathogenic Bacteria, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Infectious Diseases, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Iida
- Laboratory of Genomic Research on Pathogenic Bacteria, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Kodama
- Microbe Repository Unit, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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125
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Cao X, Lin H, Muskhelishvili L, Latendresse J, Richter P, Heflich RH. Tight junction disruption by cadmium in an in vitro human airway tissue model. Respir Res 2015; 16:30. [PMID: 25851441 PMCID: PMC4352288 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The cadmium (Cd) present in air pollutants and cigarette smoke has the potential of causing multiple adverse health outcomes involving damage to pulmonary and cardiovascular tissue. Injury to pulmonary epithelium may include alterations in tight junction (TJ) integrity, resulting in impaired epithelial barrier function and enhanced penetration of chemicals and biomolecules. Herein, we investigated mechanisms involved in the disruption of TJ integrity by Cd exposure using an in vitro human air-liquid-interface (ALI) airway tissue model derived from normal primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Methods ALI cultures were exposed to noncytotoxic doses of CdCl2 basolaterally and TJ integrity was measured by Trans-Epithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) and immunofluorescence staining with TJ markers. PCR array analysis was used to identify genes involved with TJ collapse. To explore the involvement of kinase signaling pathways, cultures were treated with CdCl2 in the presence of kinase inhibitors specific for cellular Src or Protein Kinase C (PKC). Results Noncytotoxic doses of CdCl2 resulted in the collapse of barrier function, as demonstrated by TEER measurements and Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin staining. CdCl2 exposure altered the expression of several groups of genes encoding proteins involved in TJ homeostasis. In particular, down-regulation of select junction-interacting proteins suggested that a possible mechanism for Cd toxicity involves disruption of the peripheral junctional complexes implicated in connecting membrane-bound TJ components to the actin cytoskeleton. Inhibition of kinase signaling using inhibitors specific for cellular Src or PKC preserved the integrity of TJs, possibly by preventing occludin tyrosine hyperphosphorylation, rather than reversing the down-regulation of the junction-interacting proteins. Conclusions Our findings indicate that acute doses of Cd likely disrupt TJ integrity in human ALI airway cultures both through occludin hyperphosphorylation via kinase activation and by direct disruption of the junction-interacting complex.
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126
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Keira Y, Takasawa A, Murata M, Nojima M, Takasawa K, Ogino J, Higashiura Y, Sasaki A, Kimura Y, Mizuguchi T, Tanaka S, Hirata K, Sawada N, Hasegawa T. An immunohistochemical marker panel including claudin-18, maspin, and p53 improves diagnostic accuracy of bile duct neoplasms in surgical and presurgical biopsy specimens. Virchows Arch 2014; 466:265-77. [PMID: 25503275 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers have an extremely poor outcome, and specific diagnostic markers and effective treatments are needed urgently. In this study, we assessed the capacity of panel of immunohistochemical markers including claudin-18, maspin, and p53 to distinguish biliary tract carcinoma and biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN) from non-neoplastic epithelium. We performed a retrospective study of 66 biliary tract cancer specimens and 63 specimens with non-neoplastic lesions. Of the surgical specimens, 96.7 % with adenocarcinoma/BilIN were detected as neoplastic, and all 63 specimens histologically diagnosed as non-neoplastic lesion were detected as non-neoplastic with high sensitivity (91.1 %) and specificity (100 %). Of presurgical endobiliary forceps biopsy specimens, all with adenocarcinoma/BilIN and only 1 of the 19 with a non-neoplastic lesion were distinguished as neoplastic with high sensitivity (100 %) and specificity (94.7 %). Moreover, this panel provided good separation of neoplasm from malignancy-undetermined atypical epithelium (18/21, 85.7 %). This panel achieves a more reliable distinction of biliary tract cancers and BilINs from non-neoplastic epithelia in both surgical and biopsy specimens than immunohistochemical analysis with single antibodies and is useful in supporting a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma and BilIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Keira
- Departments of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Guo W, Ye P, Yu H, Liu Z, Yang P, Hunter N. CD24 activates the NLRP3 inflammasome through c-Src kinase activity in a model of the lining epithelium of inflamed periodontal tissues. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2014; 2:239-53. [PMID: 25866631 PMCID: PMC4386918 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis is characterized by perturbation of the epithelial attachment to the tooth with subsequent migration of the lining epithelium and formation of a cleft or pocket. This non-keratinized lining epithelium provides initial responses to bacterial products by signalling through receptors of innate immunity to activate inflammasome pathways. These comprise an intracellular network of regulatory and effector molecules leading to synthesis and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conversely, CD24 is characteristically strongly expressed by the pocket epithelium and is reported to function as an important negative regulator for danger signals, protecting tissues from excessive leukocyte activity. The objective of the study was to determine the impact of ligation of CD24 on expression of inflammasome components. An epithelial mimic of pocket epithelium was used to evaluate activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Surprisingly, antibody ligation of CD24 enhanced expression of NLRP3 together with co-activators ASC and caspase-1 resulting in burst release of activated interleukin (IL)-18. Potent product inhibition was detected with IL-18 suppressing expression of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1. Scant distribution of these products within pocket epithelium compared with healthy gingival attachment provided indication of potential cycling of NLRP3 inflammasome expression. As subjects with mild chronic periodontitis have increased titres of serum antibodies auto-reactive with CD24 compared with those of subjects with severe periodontitis, a molecular mechanism for regulated expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome mediated by c-Src kinase activity, is proposed. This pathway could be regionally disrupted by products of pathogenic bacteria with profound downregulation in the dysbiosis associated with severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Shandong University Shandong Province, China ; Yantai Stomatological Hospital Shandong Province, China
| | - Ping Ye
- Institute of Dental Research, Westmead Millennium Institute and Westmead Centre for Oral Health Westmead Hospital, Australia
| | - Hong Yu
- Microscopy Laboratory, Westmead Millennium Institute Westmead Hospital, Australia
| | - Zhonghao Liu
- Yantai Stomatological Hospital Shandong Province, China
| | - Pishan Yang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Shandong University Shandong Province, China
| | - Neil Hunter
- Institute of Dental Research, Westmead Millennium Institute and Westmead Centre for Oral Health Westmead Hospital, Australia ; Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Sydney Sydney, Australia
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128
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Shang Y, Cui D, Yi S. Opening tight junctions may be key to opening the blood-prostate barrier. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:2504-7. [PMID: 25448323 PMCID: PMC4262056 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-prostate barrier could be the major factor that preventing delivery of drugs to prostate tissue and leads to the failure of treatment. Studies indicate that ultrasonic sonoporation can break the blood-prostate barrier and increase the concentration of drugs, but the mechanism is still unclear. Tight junctions exist widely in the endothelial and epithelial cells of mammalians, and form the biological barrier, along with other factors. Through studies on the mechanism of ultrasound microbubbles opening the blood-brain barrier, researchers found that the main mechanism is to change the expression level of TJs proteins. Since there might be some similarities between the blood-brain barrier and the blood-prostate barrier, changing the expression level of TJs proteins may also be the main mechanism by which ultrasound microbubbles opens the blood-prostate barrier, which is worth further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Shang
- Departmen of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Dong Cui
- Departmen of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Shanhong Yi
- Departmen of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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129
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Takano K, Kojima T, Sawada N, Himi T. Role of tight junctions in signal transduction: an update. EXCLI JOURNAL 2014; 13:1145-62. [PMID: 26417329 PMCID: PMC4464418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs), which are the most apically located of the intercellular junctional complexes, have a barrier function and a fence function. Recent studies show that they also participate in signal transduction mechanisms. TJs are modulated by intracellular signaling pathways including protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and NF-ϰB, to affect the epithelial barrier function in response to diverse stimuli. TJs are also regulated by various cytokines, growth factors, and hormones via signaling pathways. To investigate the regulation of TJ molecules via signaling pathways in human epithelial cells under normal and pathological conditions, we established a novel model of human telomerase reverse transcriptase-transfected human epithelial cells. In this review, we describe the recent progress in our understanding of the role of TJs for signal transduction under normal conditions in upper airway epithelium, pancreatic duct epithelial cells, hepatocytes, and endometrial epithelial cells, and in pathological conditions including cancer and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Takano
- Department of Otolaryngology,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Kenichi Takano, Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1W16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan, Phone +81-11-688-9655, Fax +81-11-615-5405, E-mail:
| | | | - Norimasa Sawada
- Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Zhao C, Lu F, Chen H, Zhao X, Sun J, Chen H. Dysregulation of JAM-A plays an important role in human tumor progression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:7242-7248. [PMID: 25400822 PMCID: PMC4230059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A) is a transmembrane protein that belongs to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily. Evidence determines that JAM-A plays a role in numerous cellular processes, including tight junction assembly, leukocyte migration, platelet activation, angiogenesis and virus binding. Recent research suggests that JAM-A is dysregulated in various cancers and is vital for tumor progression. JAM-A is implicated in carcinogenesis via different signal pathways such as TGF-β1 signaling. Furthermore, JAM-A expression in cancers is usually associated with certain outcome of patients and might be a prognostic indicator. In this review, the correlation between JAM-A expression and human cancers will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Funian Lu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Xianda Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei ProvinceWuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, P. R. China
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HIV-1 impairs human retinal pigment epithelial barrier function: possible association with the pathogenesis of HIV-associated retinopathy. J Transl Med 2014; 94:777-87. [PMID: 24840331 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The breakdown of human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) barrier is considered as the etiology of retinopathy, which affects the quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients. Here we demonstrate that HIV-1 could directly impair HRPE barrier function, which leads to the translocation of HIV-1 and bacteria. HRPE cells (D407) were grown to form polarized, confluent monolayers and treated with different HIV-1 infectious clones. A significant increase of monolayer permeability, as measured by trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and apical-basolateral movements of sodium fluorescein, was observed. Disrupted tightness of HRPE barrier was associated with the downregulation of several tight junction proteins in D407 cells, including ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1, Claudin-2, Claudin-3, Claudin-4, and Claudin-5, after exposure to HIV-1, without affecting the viability of cells. HIV-1 gp120 was shown to participate in the alteration of barrier properties, as evidenced by decreased TEER and weakened expression of tight junction proteins in D407 monolayers after exposure to pseudotyped HIV-1, UV-inactivated HIV-1, and free gp120, but not to an envelope (Env)-defective mutant of HIV. Furthermore, exposure to HIV-1 particles could induce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in D407, including IL-6 and MCP-1, both of which downregulated the expression of ZO-1 in the HRPE barrier. Disrupted HRPE monolayer allowed translocation of HIV-1 and bacteria across the epithelium. Overall, these findings suggest that HIV-1 may exploit its Env glycoprotein to induce an inflammatory state in HRPE cells, which could result in impairment of HRPE monolayer integrity, allowing virus and bacteria existing in ocular fluids to cross the epithelium and penetrate the HRPE barrier. Our study highlights the role of HIV-1 in the pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS-related retinopathy and suggests potential therapeutic targets for this ocular complication.
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132
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Yang Y, Chen L, Tian Y, Ye J, Liu Y, Song L, Pan Q, He Y, Chen W, Peng Z, Wang R. Numb modulates the paracellular permeability of intestinal epithelial cells through regulating apical junctional complex assembly and myosin light chain phosphorylation. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:3214-25. [PMID: 23872314 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Numb is highly expressed throughout the crypt-villus axis of intestinal mucosa and functions as cell fate determinant and integrator of cell-to-cell adhesion. Increased paracellular permeability of intestinal epithelial cells is associated with the epithelial barrier dysfunction of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). The apical junctional complex (AJC) assembly and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation regulate adherens junctions (AJ) and tight junctions (TJ). We determined whether and how Numb modulate the paracellular permeability of intestinal epithelial cells. Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells and their Numb-interfered counterparts were used in the study for physiological, morphological and biological analyses. Numb, expressed in intestinal epithelial cells and located at the plasma membrane of Caco-2 cells in a basolateral to apical distribution, increased in the intestinal epithelial cells with the formation of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Numb expression decreased and accumulated in the cytoplasm of intestinal epithelial cells in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model. Numb co-localized with E-cadherin, ZO-1 and Par3 at the plasma membrane and interacted with E-cadherin and Par3. Knockdown of Numb in Caco-2 cells altered the F-actin structure during the Ca(2+) switch assay, enhanced TNFα-/INF-γ-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and TJ destruction, and increased the Claudin-2 protein level. Immunofluorescence experiments revealed that NMIIA and F-actin co-localized at the cell surface of Caco-2 cells. Numb knockdown in Caco-2 cells increased F-actin contraction and the abundance of phosphorylated MLC. Numb modulated the intestinal epithelial barrier in a Notch signaling-independent manner. These findings suggest that Numb modulates the paracellular permeability by affecting AJC assembly and MLC phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
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Oliveira E, Casado M, Faria M, Soares AMVM, Navas JM, Barata C, Piña B. Transcriptomic response of zebrafish embryos to polyaminoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. Nanotoxicology 2013; 8 Suppl 1:92-9. [PMID: 24266889 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.858376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The progressive practical applications of engineered nanoparticles results in their ever-increasing release into the environment. Accurate assessment of their environmental and health risks requires the development of methods allowing their monitoring in different environmental compartments and the evaluation of their potential toxicity at different levels of organization. Toxic effects of third-generation (G3) and fourth-generation (G4) poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (ethylenediamine cored, imine-terminated) were assessed on zebrafish embryos during the first two days post-fertilization. Particle characterization by dynamic light scattering showed no tendency to form aggregates in the assay conditions. G3 particles showed somewhat a higher acute toxicity than G4 particles, with LC50 values of 1.8 and 2.3 mg/L, respectively. At sublethal concentrations, both particles affected the zebrafish transcriptome following similar patterns, suggesting a similar mode of action. About 700 transcripts were affected by at least one of the treatments, following a pattern with significant correlations to the effects of bacterial infection in zebrafish embryos. We concluded that the response to G3 and G4 dendrimers was consistent with the activation of the innate immune response, a still unreported potential effect of these particles. These data may contribute to the characterization of hazards of these nanomaterials for both human health and the environment.
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Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a very simple molecule that plays key roles in complex communication mechanisms within the animal body. In the mammary glands, serotonin biosynthesis and secretion are induced in response to dilation of the alveolar spaces. Since its discovery several years ago, mammary 5-HT has been demonstrated to perform two homeostatic functions. First, serotonin regulates lactation and initiates the transition into the earliest phases of involution. Second, serotonin is a local signal that induces parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), which allows the mammary gland to drive the mobilization of calcium from the skeleton. These processes use different receptor types, 5-HT7 and 5-HT2, respectively. In this review, we provide synthetic perspectives on the fundamental processes of lactation homeostasis and the adaptation of calcium homeostasis for lactation. We analyze the role of the intrinsic serotonin system in the physiological regulation of the mammary glands. We also consider the importance of the mammary serotonin system in pathologies and therapies associated with lactation and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson D Horseman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Systems Biology and Physiology Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45208;
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Mercado J, Valenzano MC, Jeffers C, Sedlak J, Cugliari MK, Papanikolaou E, Clouse J, Miao J, Wertan NE, Mullin JM. Enhancement of tight junctional barrier function by micronutrients: compound-specific effects on permeability and claudin composition. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78775. [PMID: 24236048 PMCID: PMC3827273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amid an increasing number of reports in the literature concerning epithelial barrier enhancement by various nutrient compounds, there has never been a study performing side-by-side comparisons of these agents in a single epithelial model. We compare five nutrient compounds (previously reported in various epithelial models to enhance barrier function) regarding their ability to increase transepithelial electrical resistance (Rt) and decrease transepithelial mannitol permeability (Jm) across LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cell layers. The effects of these nutrients on the abundance of various tight junctional proteins are also compared. In the overall group of nutrients tested - zinc, indole, quercetin, butyrate and nicotine - only nicotine failed to improve barrier function by either parameter. Nicotine also was without effect on tight junctional proteins. Quercetin simultaneously increased Rt and decreased Jm. Zinc, butyrate and indole only exhibited statistically significant enhancement of Rt. Each of these four effective nutrient compounds had unique patterns of effects on the panel of tight junctional proteins studied. No two compounds produced the same pattern of effects. This unique pattern of effects on tight junctional complex composition by each compound establishes the chance for additive or even synergistic improvement of barrier function by combinations of compounds. A synergistic effect of the combination of quercetin and zinc on Rt is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mercado
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mary Carmen Valenzano
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Cameron Jeffers
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jason Sedlak
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | | | - Jacob Clouse
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jingya Miao
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nina E. Wertan
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James M. Mullin
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Grosse B, Degrouard J, Jaillard D, Cassio D. Build them up and break them down: Tight junctions of cell lines expressing typical hepatocyte polarity with a varied repertoire of claudins. Tissue Barriers 2013; 1:e25210. [PMID: 24665408 PMCID: PMC3783225 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.25210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) of cells expressing simple epithelial polarity have been extensively studied, but less is known about TJs of cells expressing complex polarity. In this paper we analyzed, TJs of four different lines, that form bile canaliculi (BC) and express typical hepatocyte polarity; WIF-B9, 11–3, Can 3–1, Can 10. Striking differences were observed in claudin expression. None of the cell lines produced claudin-1. WIF-B9 and 11–3 expressed only claudin-2 while Can 3–1 and Can 10 expressed claudin-2,-3,-4,-5. TJs of these two classes of lines differed in their ultra-stucture, paracellular permeability, and robustness. Lines expressing a large claudin repertoire, especially Can 10, had complex and efficient TJs, that were maintained when cells were depleted in calcium. Inversely, TJs of WIF-B9 and 11–3 were leaky, permissive and dismantled by calcium depletion. Interestingly, we found that during the polarization process, TJ proteins expressed by all lines were sequentially settled in a specific order: first occludin, ZO-1 and cingulin, then JAM-A and ZO-2, finally claudin-2. Claudins expressed only in Can lines were also sequentially settled: claudin-3 was the first settled. Inhibition of claudin-3 expression delayed BC formation in Can10 and induced the expression of simple epithelial polarity. These results highlight the role of claudins in the settlement and the efficiency of TJs in lines expressing typical hepatocyte polarity. Can 10 seems to be the most promising of these lines because of its claudin repertoire near that of hepatocytes and its capacity to form extended tubular BC sealed by efficient TJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Grosse
- Inserm, UMR-S 757; Orsay, France ; Université Paris-Sud; Orsay, France
| | | | | | - Doris Cassio
- Inserm, UMR-S 757; Orsay, France ; Université Paris-Sud; Orsay, France
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Wang X, Valenzano MC, Mercado JM, Zurbach EP, Flounders CJ, Mullin JM. Zinc enhancement of LLC-PK(1) renal epithelial barrier function. Clin Nutr 2013; 33:280-6. [PMID: 23755840 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Earlier work by our group and others has documented improvement of epithelial barrier function in human gastrointestinal models. Here we tested zinc's ability to improve a renal epithelial model. Our aim was to compare the functional and structural effects of zinc on the tight junctional (TJ) complexes of these two very distinct epithelial cell types. Zinc's ability to achieve barrier enhancement in very different epithelial cell types by action upon distinct molecular targets in each epithelial model may suggest a fundamental general role for supplemental zinc in epithelial barrier improvement throughout the body. METHODS Cell layers were exposed to 50 or 100 μM zinc on both cell surfaces for 48 h followed by measurement of transepithelial electrical resistance (Rt) and transepithelial (14)C-mannitol flux (Jm). TJ proteins in cell layers were analyzed by Western immunoblot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Zinc supplementation improved the basal TJ barrier function of LLC-PK1 renal cell layers, exemplified by increased Rt and decreased Jm. These zinc-induced changes were also accompanied by decreased NaCl dilution potentials. Of the tight junctional proteins that were tested (occludin, claudins 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, and tricellulin), we did not observe a zinc-induced change in abundance of any of them, in detergent-soluble fractions of lysates of confluent differentiated cell layers. However, examination of cytosolic fractions showed concentration-dependent increases in the levels of claudins -2 and -4 in this compartment as a result of supplemental zinc. The effects of supplemental zinc on the tight junctional complexes and barrier properties of this renal epithelial model are contrasted with zinc effects on the CACO-2 gastrointestinal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexuan Wang
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
| | | | - Joanna M Mercado
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
| | - E Peter Zurbach
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
| | - Christopher J Flounders
- School of Biomedical Engineering Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James M Mullin
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA.
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