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Abstract
Netrin-1, a classic neuronal guidance cue, can promote angiogenesis under certain developmental and pathological conditions, but key receptors on vascular endothelium have remained elusive. A recent study published in Cell Research by Tu et al. reveals that CD146, an endothelial receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily, binds netrin-1 with high affinity and may play an important role in regulating angiogenesis.
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102
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Tu T, Zhang C, Yan H, Luo Y, Kong R, Wen P, Ye Z, Chen J, Feng J, Liu F, Wu JY, Yan X. CD146 acts as a novel receptor for netrin-1 in promoting angiogenesis and vascular development. Cell Res 2015; 25:275-87. [PMID: 25656845 PMCID: PMC4349246 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2015.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, a process that newly-formed blood vessels sprout from pre-existing ones, is vital for vertebrate development and adult homeostasis. Previous studies have demonstrated that the neuronal guidance molecule netrin-1 participates in angiogenesis and morphogenesis of the vascular system. Netrin-1 exhibits dual activities in angiogenesis: either promoting or inhibiting angiogenesis. The anti-angiogenic activity of netrin-1 is mediated by UNC5B receptor. However, how netrin-1 promotes angiogenesis remained unclear. Here we report that CD146, an endothelial transmembrane protein of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is a receptor for netrin-1. Netrin-1 binds to CD146 with high affinity, inducing endothelial cell activation and downstream signaling in a CD146-dependent manner. Conditional knockout of the cd146 gene in the murine endothelium or disruption of netrin-CD146 interaction by a specific anti-CD146 antibody blocks or reduces netrin-1-induced angiogenesis. In zebrafish embryos, downregulating either netrin-1a or CD146 results in vascular defects with striking similarity. Moreover, knocking down CD146 blocks ectopic vascular sprouting induced by netrin-1 overexpression. Together, our data uncover CD146 as a previously unknown receptor for netrin-1 and also reveal a functional ligand for CD146 in angiogenesis, demonstrating the involvement of netrin-CD146 signaling in angiogenesis during vertebrate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tu
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huiwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yongting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ruirui Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pushuai Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhongde Ye
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jane Y Wu
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xiyun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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103
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Schäker K, Bartsch S, Patry C, Stoll SJ, Hillebrands JL, Wieland T, Kroll J. The bipartite rac1 Guanine nucleotide exchange factor engulfment and cell motility 1/dedicator of cytokinesis 180 (elmo1/dock180) protects endothelial cells from apoptosis in blood vessel development. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6408-18. [PMID: 25586182 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.633701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Engulfment and cell motility 1/dedicator of cytokinesis 180 (Elmo1/Dock180) is a bipartite guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the monomeric GTPase Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1). Elmo1/Dock180 regulates Rac1 activity in a specific spatiotemporal manner in endothelial cells (ECs) during zebrafish development and acts downstream of the Netrin-1/Unc5-homolog B (Unc5B) signaling cascade. However, mechanistic details on the pathways by which Elmo1/Dock180 regulates endothelial function and vascular development remained elusive. In this study, we aimed to analyze the vascular function of Elmo1 and Dock180 in human ECs and during vascular development in zebrafish embryos. In vitro overexpression of Elmo1 and Dock180 in ECs reduced caspase-3/7 activity and annexin V-positive cell number upon induction of apoptosis. This protective effect of Elmo1 and Dock180 is mediated by activation of Rac1, p21-activated kinase (PAK) and AKT/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling. In zebrafish, Elmo1 and Dock180 overexpression reduced the total apoptotic cell and apoptotic EC number and promoted the formation of blood vessels during embryogenesis. In conclusion, Elmo1 and Dock180 protect ECs from apoptosis by the activation of the Rac1/PAK/AKT signaling cascade in vitro and in vivo. Thus, Elmo1 and Dock180 facilitate blood vessel formation by stabilization of the endothelium during angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Schäker
- From the Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, and
| | - Susanne Bartsch
- From the Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and
| | - Christian Patry
- From the Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and
| | - Sandra J Stoll
- From the Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jens Kroll
- From the Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, and
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104
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Arnold CR, Lamont RE, Walker JT, Spice PJ, Chan CK, Ho CY, Childs SJ. Comparative analysis of genes regulated by Dzip1/iguana and hedgehog in zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:211-23. [PMID: 25476803 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The zebrafish genetic mutant iguana (igu) has defects in the ciliary basal body protein Dzip1, causing improper cilia formation. Dzip1 also interacts with the downstream transcriptional activators of Hedgehog (Hh), the Gli proteins, and Hh signaling is disrupted in igu mutants. Hh governs a wide range of developmental processes, including stabilizing developing blood vessels to prevent hemorrhage. Using igu mutant embryos and embryos treated with the Hh pathway antagonist cyclopamine, we conducted a microarray to determine genes involved in Hh signaling mediating vascular stability. RESULTS We identified 40 genes with significantly altered expression in both igu mutants and cyclopamine-treated embryos. For a subset of these, we used in situ hybridization to determine localization during embryonic development and confirm the expression changes seen on the array. CONCLUSIONS Through comparing gene expression changes in a genetic model of vascular instability with a chemical inhibition of Hh signaling, we identified a set of 40 differentially expressed genes with potential roles in vascular stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey R Arnold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
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105
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Opitz R, Hitz MP, Vandernoot I, Trubiroha A, Abu-Khudir R, Samuels M, Désilets V, Costagliola S, Andelfinger G, Deladoëy J. Functional zebrafish studies based on human genotyping point to netrin-1 as a link between aberrant cardiovascular development and thyroid dysgenesis. Endocrinology 2015; 156:377-88. [PMID: 25353184 PMCID: PMC4272402 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism caused by thyroid dysgenesis (CHTD) is a common congenital disorder with a birth prevalence of 1 case in 4000 live births, and up to 8% of individuals with CHTD have co-occurring congenital heart disease. Initially we found nine patients with cardiac and thyroid congenital disorders in our cohort of 158 CHTD patients. To enrich for a rare phenotype likely to be genetically simpler, we selected three patients with a ventricular septal defect for molecular studies. Then, to assess whether rare de novo copy number variants and coding mutations in candidate genes are a source of genetic susceptibility, we used a genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism array and Sanger sequencing to analyze blood DNA samples from selected patients with co-occurring CHTD a congenital heart disease. We found rare variants in all three patients, and we selected Netrin-1 as the biologically most plausible contributory factor for functional studies. In zebrafish, ntn1a and ntn1b were not expressed in thyroid tissue, but ntn1a was expressed in pharyngeal arch mesenchyme, and ntn1a-deficient embryos displayed defective aortic arch artery formation and abnormal thyroid morphogenesis. The functional activity of the thyroid in ntn1a-deficient larvae was, however, preserved. Phenotypic analysis of affected zebrafish indicates that abnormal thyroid morphogenesis resulted from a lack of proper guidance exerted by the dysplastic vasculature of ntn1a-deficient embryos. Hence, careful phenotyping of patients combined with molecular and functional studies in zebrafish identify Netrin-1 as a potential shared genetic factor for cardiac and thyroid congenital defects.
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106
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Theurl M, Schgoer W, Albrecht-Schgoer K, Lener D, Wolf D, Wolf M, Demetz E, Tymoszuk P, Tancevski I, Fischer-Colbrie R, Franz WM, Marschang P, Kirchmair R. Secretoneurin gene therapy improves hind limb and cardiac ischaemia in Apo E⁻/⁻ mice without influencing systemic atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 105:96-106. [PMID: 25377726 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hypercholesterolaemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and has been shown to influence angiogenesis in the hind limb ischaemia (HLI) model. The impaired up-regulation of angiogenic factors seems to be one of the underlying mechanisms for reduced vessel formation. Since we found that secretoneurin (SN) is up-regulated in hypoxic skeletal muscle cells and exerts beneficial effects in myocardial and HLI, we hypothesized that SN therapy might improve neovascularization in hypercholesterolaemic Apo E(-/-) (Apo E knockout) mice suffering from an impaired vascular response. METHODS AND RESULTS For in vitro experiments, endothelial cells (ECs) were incubated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) to mimic hypercholesterolaemia. EC function was impaired by oxLDL, but SN induced EC proliferation and in vitro tube formation under these conditions. In the HLI model, injection of SN plasmid resulted in a significant better outcome regarding blood flow recovery, amputation rate, and vessel density. In the myocardial infarction (MI) model, the SN group showed improvement in cardiac parameters. Aortic plaque area was not influenced by local SN injection. Interestingly, SN-induced recruitment of angiogenic monocytic cells was abolished under hypercholesterolaemia. CONCLUSIONS SN gene therapy exerts beneficial effects in cardiovascular animal models in Apo E(-/-) mice without influencing atherosclerosis and might qualify as a promising therapy for cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Theurl
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Internal Medicine III, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Wilfried Schgoer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Internal Medicine III, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Karin Albrecht-Schgoer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Internal Medicine III, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Daniela Lener
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Internal Medicine III, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Medical Clinic 3, Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany Department of Haematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Internal Medicine V, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria Wolf
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Internal Medicine V, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Clinically Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Clinically Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Clinically Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Wolfgang-Michael Franz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Internal Medicine III, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Peter Marschang
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Internal Medicine III, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Rudolf Kirchmair
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Internal Medicine III, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
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107
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Michaelis UR. Mechanisms of endothelial cell migration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4131-48. [PMID: 25038776 PMCID: PMC11113960 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration plays a central role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes during our whole life. Cellular movement is a complex, tightly regulated multistep process. Although the principle mechanisms of migration follow a defined general motility cycle, the cell type and the context of moving influences the detailed mode of migration. Endothelial cells migrate during vasculogenesis and angiogenesis but also in a damaged vessel to restore vessel integrity. Depending on the situation they migrate individually, in chains or sheets and complex signaling, intercellular signals as well as environmental cues modulate the process. Here, the different modes of cell migration, the peculiarities of endothelial cell migration and specific guidance molecules controlling this process will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ruth Michaelis
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,
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108
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Génot E, Gligorijevic B. Invadosomes in their natural habitat. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:367-79. [PMID: 25457677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Podosomes and invadopodia (collectively known as invadosomes) are small, F-actin-rich protrusions that are located at points of cell-ECM contacts and endow cells with invasive capabilities. So far, they have been identified in human or murine immune (myelomonocytic), vascular and cancer cells. The overarching reason for studying invadosomes is their connection to human disease. For example, macrophages and osteoclasts lacking Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) are not able to form podosomes, and this leads to altered macrophage chemotaxis and defective bone resorption by osteoclasts. In contrast, the ability of cancer cells to form invadopodia is associated with high invasive and metastatic potentials. While invadosome composition, dynamics and signaling cascades leading to their assembly can be followed easily in in vitro assays, studying their contribution to pathophysiological processes in situ remains challenging. A number of recent papers have started to address this issue and describe invadosomes in situ in mouse models of cancer, cardiovascular disease and angiogenesis. In addition, in vivo invadosome homologs have been reported in developmental model systems such as C. elegans, zebrafish and sea squirt. Comparative analyses among different invasion mechanisms as they happen in their natural habitats, i.e., in situ, may provide an outline of the invadosome evolutionary history, and guide our understanding of the roles of the invasion process in pathophysiology versus development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Génot
- Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1045, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33 600 Pessac, France.
| | - Bojana Gligorijevic
- Department of Systems & Computational Biology and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Price Center, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, 10461 Bronx, NY, USA.
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109
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Netrin-4 regulates thalamocortical axon branching in an activity-dependent fashion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:15226-31. [PMID: 25288737 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1402095111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon branching is remodeled by sensory-evoked and spontaneous neuronal activity. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the netrin family member netrin-4 (NTN4) contributes to activity-dependent thalamocortical (TC) axon branching. In the postnatal developmental stages of rodents, ntn4 expression was abundant in and around the TC recipient layers of sensory cortices. Neuronal activity dramatically altered the ntn4 expression level in the cortex in vitro and in vivo. TC axon branching was promoted by exogenous NTN4 and suppressed by depletion of the endogenous protein. Moreover, unc-5 homolog B (Unc5B), which strongly bound to NTN4, was expressed in the sensory thalamus, and knockdown of Unc5B in thalamic cells markedly reduced TC axon branching. These results suggest that NTN4 acts as a positive regulator for TC axon branching through activity-dependent expression.
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110
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Tang Y, Li Y, Lin X, Miao P, Wang Y, Yang GY. Stimulation of cerebral angiogenesis by gene delivery. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1135:317-29. [PMID: 24510875 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0320-7_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, an important process for long term neurological recovery, could be induced by ischemic brain injury. In this chapter, we describe a system to deliver adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated gene therapy for ischemic stroke. This includes the methods to construct, produce, and purify an AAV vector expressing target gene and an approach to quantify the number of microvessels and capillary density with synchrotron radiation angiography (SRA) imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Tang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
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111
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Guo H, Jia Y, Shang M, Zhang Y, Xie F, Wang H, Yuan M, Yuan L, Ye J. Comparison of two in vitro angiogenesis assays for evaluating the effects of netrin-1 on tube formation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:810-6. [PMID: 25022751 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Netrin-1 is a neural guidance cue that also regulates vascular development. Controversial results, however, have been obtained concerning the roles of netrin-1 in vascular development both in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, two in vitro angiogenesis assays were compared to evaluate the effects of netrin-1 secreted by retrovirally transduced melanoma cells (Mel2a-netrin1) on tube formation. The results showed that there was no obvious difference in tube formation induced by conditioned media (CM) from the control, Mel2a-netrin1 and Mel2a cells in a matrigel assay. The results of another in vitro assay, in which endothelial cells were co-cultured with human fibroblasts, however, showed that Mel2a-netrin1 CM inhibited the tube formation, supposedly through blocking the elongation and coalescence of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). These results confirmed that the matrigel assay is not able to demonstrate the anti-angiogenic roles of netrin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Min Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fu'an Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Heng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mingjing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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112
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Liu D, Xiong SQ, Shang L, Tian XF, Yang J, Xia XB. Expression of netrin-1 receptors in retina of oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice. BMC Ophthalmol 2014; 14:102. [PMID: 25149138 PMCID: PMC4236681 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-14-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Netrin-1 has been reported to promote retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). However, netrin-1 receptors, which may mediate netrin-1 action during retinal neovascularization, have not been characterized. In this study, we investigated netrin-1 receptor subtype expression and associated changes in the retinas of mice with OIR. Methods C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 75±2% oxygen for 5 days and then returned to normal air to induce retinal neovascularization. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were used to examine the expression of netrin-1 receptor subtypes in the mouse retinas. Double staining of netrin-1 receptor subtypes and isolectin B4 was used to determine the location of the netrin-1 receptor subtypes in the retinas. Inhibition of retinal neovascularization was achieved by UNC5B shRNA plasmid intravitreal injection. Retinal neovascularization was examined by fluorescein angiography and quantification of preretinal neovascular nuclei in retinal sections. Results RT-PCR results showed that, except for UNC5A, netrin-1 receptor subtypes UNC5B, UNC5C, UNC5D, DCC, neogenin, and A2b were all expressed in the retinas of OIR mice 17 days after birth. Western blots showed that only UNC5B expression was significantly increased on that day, and immunofluorescence results showed that only UNC5B and neogenin were expressed in retinal vessels. Treatment of OIR mice with the UNC5B shRNA plasmid dramatically reduced neovascular tufts and neovascular outgrowth into the inner limiting membrane. Conclusions UNC5B may promote retinal neovascularization in OIR mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiao-Bo Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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113
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Finci LI, Krüger N, Sun X, Zhang J, Chegkazi M, Wu Y, Schenk G, Mertens HDT, Svergun DI, Zhang Y, Wang JH, Meijers R. The crystal structure of netrin-1 in complex with DCC reveals the bifunctionality of netrin-1 as a guidance cue. Neuron 2014; 83:839-849. [PMID: 25123307 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Netrin-1 is a guidance cue that can trigger either attraction or repulsion effects on migrating axons of neurons, depending on the repertoire of receptors available on the growth cone. How a single chemotropic molecule can act in such contradictory ways has long been a puzzle at the molecular level. Here we present the crystal structure of netrin-1 in complex with the Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) receptor. We show that one netrin-1 molecule can simultaneously bind to two DCC molecules through a DCC-specific site and through a unique generic receptor binding site, where sulfate ions staple together positively charged patches on both DCC and netrin-1. Furthermore, we demonstrate that UNC5A can replace DCC on the generic receptor binding site to switch the response from attraction to repulsion. We propose that the modularity of binding allows for the association of other netrin receptors at the generic binding site, eliciting alternative turning responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo I Finci
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 02215, USA
| | - Nina Krüger
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xiaqin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Magda Chegkazi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Gundolf Schenk
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Haydyn D T Mertens
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dmitri I Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jia-Huai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 02215, USA
| | - Rob Meijers
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
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114
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Kim M, Farmer WT, Bjorke B, McMahon SA, Fabre PJ, Charron F, Mastick GS. Pioneer midbrain longitudinal axons navigate using a balance of Netrin attraction and Slit repulsion. Neural Dev 2014; 9:17. [PMID: 25056828 PMCID: PMC4118263 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8104-9-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Longitudinal axons grow parallel to the embryonic midline to connect distant regions of the central nervous system. Previous studies suggested that repulsive midline signals guide pioneer longitudinal axons by blocking their entry into the floor plate; however, the role of midline attractants, and whether attractant signals may cooperate with repulsive signals, remains unclear. In this study we investigated the navigation of a set of pioneer longitudinal axons, the medial longitudinal fasciculus, in mouse embryos mutant for the Netrin/Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) attractants, and for Slit repellents, as well as the responses of explanted longitudinal axons in vitro. Results In mutants for Netrin1 chemoattractant or DCC receptor signaling, longitudinal axons shifted away from the ventral midline, suggesting that Netrin1/DCC signals act attractively to pull axons ventrally. Analysis of mutants in the three Slit genes, including Slit1/2/3 triple mutants, suggest that concurrent repulsive Slit/Robo signals push pioneer axons away from the ventral midline. Combinations of mutations between the Netrin and Slit guidance systems provided genetic evidence that the attractive and repulsive signals balance against each other. This balance is demonstrated in vitro using explant culture, finding that the cues can act directly on longitudinal axons. The explants also reveal an unexpected synergy of Netrin1 and Slit2 that promotes outgrowth. Conclusions These results support a mechanism in which longitudinal trajectories are positioned by a push-pull balance between opposing Netrin and Slit signals. Our evidence suggests that longitudinal axons respond directly and simultaneously to both attractants and repellents, and that the combined signals constrain axons to grow longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Grant S Mastick
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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115
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Netrins and their roles in placental angiogenesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:901941. [PMID: 25143950 PMCID: PMC4124232 DOI: 10.1155/2014/901941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Netrins, a family of laminin-related proteins, were originally identified as axonal guidance molecules. Subsequently, netrins were found to modulate various biological processes including morphogenesis, tumorogenesis, adhesion, and, recently, angiogenesis. In human placenta, the most vascularized organ, the presence of netrins has also been reported. Recent studies demonstrated the involvement of netrins in the regulation of placental angiogenesis. In this review we focused on the role of netrins in human placental angiogenesis. Among all netrins examined, netrin-4 and netrin-1 have been found to be either pro- or antiangiogenic factors. These opposite effects appear to be related to the endothelial cell phenotype studied and seem also to depend on the receptor type to which netrin binds, that is, the canonical receptor member of the DCC family, the members of the UNC5 family, or the noncanonical receptor members of the integrin family or DSCAM.
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116
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Chen T, Chen D, Li F, Tan Z. Netrin-1 with stem cells promote angiogenesis in limb ischemic rats. J Surg Res 2014; 192:664-9. [PMID: 25240286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent findings have elucidated that netrin-1 has ability of promoting angiogenesis besides the functions in nervous system. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation is now proved to be an effective method to treat peripheral arterial disease. However there are still many patients who cannot complete full treatments. Therefore it is necessary to improve the effectiveness. This study estimated the curative effects in chronic limb ischemia when MSCs allied with netrin-1. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six rats were made into chronic limb ischemia models. They were randomly assigned to four groups, netrin-1 + MSCs group (treated with netrin-1 and MSCs derived from peripheral blood), MSCs group (treated with MSCs individually), netrin-1 group (treated with netrin-1 individually), and control group (treated with saline). Measurements of murine behaviors, vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and capillary density in ischemia limb were performed on days 7, 14, and 28 after treatments; measurements of contraction force in ischemia limb was performed on day 28 after treatments to compare differences among the groups. RESULTS Netrin-1 allied with MSCs significantly increased Tarlov score, vascular endothelial growth factor expression, capillary density, and muscular strength in ischemia limb. CONCLUSIONS Netrin-1 allied with MSCs derived from peripheral blood significantly promoted angiogenesis in aged rats with chronic limb ischemia. It may be a promising method of treating peripheral arterial disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan city, Hubei province, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Xiangyang Central Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang Center Hospital, Xiangyang city, Hubei province, China
| | - Dejie Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Xiangyang Central Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang Center Hospital, Xiangyang city, Hubei province, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Xiangyang Central Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang Center Hospital, Xiangyang city, Hubei province, China
| | - Zui Tan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan city, Hubei province, China.
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117
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Angiogenesis in zebrafish. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 31:106-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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118
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Wen J, Qian S, Yang Q, Deng L, Mo Y, Yu Y. Overexpression of netrin-1 increases the expression of tight junction-associated proteins, claudin-5, occludin, and ZO-1, following traumatic brain injury in rats. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:881-886. [PMID: 25120618 PMCID: PMC4113541 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) depends on the integrity of tight junction (TJ)-associated proteins. Netrin-1 is known to promote angiogenesis and may also regulate the BBB. To understand the association between netrin-1 and the TJ-associated proteins, the expression levels of proteins involved in maintaining the integrity of the BBB, including netrin-1, claudin-5, occludin and zonula occluden (ZO)-1, were investigated in the present study using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. The aim of the present study was to determine the changes in BBB permeability and whether pZsGreen1-N1 mediated overexpression of netrin-1 increased the expression of the TJ-associated proteins following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The results demonstrated that the levels of mRNA transcription and protein expression of the TJ-associated proteins, claudin-5, occludin and ZO-1, were significantly reduced following TBI. Furthermore, the changes in the expression of these three TJ proteins were consistent with the changes in the BBB permeability, indicating that weakening intercellular junctions leads to BBB opening. The present study also demonstrated that netrin-1 significantly increased the downregulation of claudin-5, occludin and ZO-1 expression levels induced by TBI, which provided a basis for further investigation on the role of netrin-1 in the integrity of TJs and proper functioning of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changcheng Sub-Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330002, P.R. China ; Department of Neurosurgery, The 94 Hospital of PLA, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330002, P.R. China
| | - Suokai Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 94 Hospital of PLA, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330002, P.R. China
| | - Qifan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 94 Hospital of PLA, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330002, P.R. China
| | - Lei Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 94 Hospital of PLA, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330002, P.R. China
| | - Ye Mo
- Department of Nursing, The 94 Hospital of PLA, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330002, P.R. China
| | - Yuefei Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changcheng Sub-Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330002, P.R. China ; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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119
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Brunet I, Gordon E, Han J, Cristofaro B, Broqueres-You D, Liu C, Bouvrée K, Zhang J, del Toro R, Mathivet T, Larrivée B, Jagu J, Pibouin-Fragner L, Pardanaud L, Machado MJC, Kennedy TE, Zhuang Z, Simons M, Levy BI, Tessier-Lavigne M, Grenz A, Eltzschig H, Eichmann A. Netrin-1 controls sympathetic arterial innervation. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3230-40. [PMID: 24937433 DOI: 10.1172/jci75181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autonomic sympathetic nerves innervate peripheral resistance arteries, thereby regulating vascular tone and controlling blood supply to organs. Despite the fundamental importance of blood flow control, how sympathetic arterial innervation develops remains largely unknown. Here, we identified the axon guidance cue netrin-1 as an essential factor required for development of arterial innervation in mice. Netrin-1 was produced by arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) at the onset of innervation, and arterial innervation required the interaction of netrin-1 with its receptor, deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC), on sympathetic growth cones. Function-blocking approaches, including cell type-specific deletion of the genes encoding Ntn1 in SMCs and Dcc in sympathetic neurons, led to severe and selective reduction of sympathetic innervation and to defective vasoconstriction in resistance arteries. These findings indicate that netrin-1 and DCC are critical for the control of arterial innervation and blood flow regulation in peripheral organs.
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120
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Mulligan TS, Weinstein BM. Emerging from the PAC: studying zebrafish lymphatic development. Microvasc Res 2014; 96:23-30. [PMID: 24928500 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently the zebrafish has emerged as a promising vertebrate model of lymphatic vasculature development. The establishment of numerous transgenic lines that label the lymphatic endothelium in the zebrafish has allowed the fine examination of the developmental timing and the anatomy of their lymphatic vasculature. Although many questions remain, studying lymphatic development in the zebrafish has resulted in the identification and characterization of novel and established mediators of lymphatic development and lymphangiogenesis. Here, we review the main stages involved in the development of the lymphatic vasculature in the zebrafish from its origins in the embryonic veins to the formation of the primary lymphatic vessels and highlight some of the key molecules necessary for these stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Mulligan
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 6B, Room 309, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 6B, Room 309, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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121
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Ding Q, Liao SJ, Yu J. Axon guidance factor netrin-1 and its receptors regulate angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:683-91. [PMID: 24875332 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis and angiogenesis play important roles in functional recovery after ischemic stroke. When cerebral ischemia occurs, axon regeneration can compensate for the loss of apoptotic neurons in the ischemic area. The formation of new blood vessels ameliorates the local decrease in blood supply, enhancing the supply of oxygen and nutrients to newly-formed neurons. New blood vessels also act as a scaffold for the migration of neuroblasts to the infarct area after ischemic stroke. In light of this, researchers have been actively searching for methods to treat cerebral infarction. Netrins were first identified as a family of proteins that mediate axon guidance and direct axon migration during embryogenesis. Later studies have revealed other functions of this protein family. In this review, we focus on netrin-1, which has been shown to be involved in axon migration and angiogenesis, which are required for recovery after cerebral ischemia. Thus, therapies targeting netrin-1 may be useful for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Ding
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department, National Key Discipline, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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122
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Enoki Y, Sato T, Tanaka S, Iwata T, Usui M, Takeda S, Kokabu S, Matsumoto M, Okubo M, Nakashima K, Yamato M, Okano T, Fukuda T, Chida D, Imai Y, Yasuda H, Nishihara T, Akita M, Oda H, Okazaki Y, Suda T, Yoda T. Netrin-4 derived from murine vascular endothelial cells inhibits osteoclast differentiation in vitro and prevents bone loss in vivo. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2262-9. [PMID: 24846137 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a highly vascularized organ, thus angiogenesis is a vital process during bone remodeling. However, the role of vascular systems in bone remodeling is not well recognized. Here we show that netrin-4 inhibits osteoclast differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Co-cultures of bone marrow macrophages with vascular endothelial cells markedly inhibited osteoclast differentiation. Adding a neutralizing antibody, or RNA interference against netrin-4, restored in vitro osteoclast differentiation. Administration of netrin-4 prevented bone loss in an osteoporosis mouse model by decreasing the osteoclast number. We propose that vascular endothelial cells interact with bone in suppressing bone through netrin-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Enoki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiko Usui
- Department of Periodontology, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shu Takeda
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Kokabu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masahito Matsumoto
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Medicine, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masahiko Okubo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan; Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Medicine, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakashima
- Department of Periodontology, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamato
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Fukuda
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dai Chida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuuki Imai
- Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hisataka Yasuda
- Planning & Development, Bioindustry Division, Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Nishihara
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masumi Akita
- Division of Morphological Science, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiromi Oda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Medicine, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Suda
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Medicine, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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123
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Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a common condition that occurs in patients with diabetes with long-standing hyperglycemia that is characterized by inappropriate angiogenesis. This pathological angiogenesis could be a sort of physiological proliferative response to injury by the endothelium. Recent studies suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a significant role in this angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic growth factor that plays a significant role in diabetic retinopathy. The interaction between VEGF and ROS, and theirs in turn with pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory bioactive lipid molecules such as lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins is particularly relevant to understand the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy and develop future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ma
- a Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , 310029 , China
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124
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Akino T, Han X, Nakayama H, McNeish B, Zurakowski D, Mammoto A, Klagsbrun M, Smith E. Netrin-1 promotes medulloblastoma cell invasiveness and angiogenesis, and demonstrates elevated expression in tumor tissue and urine of patients with pediatric medulloblastoma. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3716-26. [PMID: 24812271 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Invasion and dissemination of medulloblastoma within the central nervous system is the principal factor predicting medulloblastoma treatment failure and death. Netrin-1 is an axon guidance factor implicated in tumor and vascular biology, including in invasive behaviors. We found that exogenous netrin-1 stimulated invasion of human medulloblastoma cells and endothelial cells in contrast to VEGF-A, which promoted invasion of endothelial cells but not medulloblastoma cells. Furthermore, medulloblastoma cells expressed endogenous netrin-1 along with its receptors, neogenin and UNC5B. Blockades in endogenous netrin-1, neogenin, or UNC5B reduced medulloblastoma invasiveness. Neogenin blockade inhibited netrin-1-induced endothelial cells tube formation and recruitment of endothelial cells into Matrigel plugs, two hallmarks of angiogenesis. In patients with pediatric medulloblastoma, netrin-1 mRNA levels were increased 1.7-fold in medulloblastoma tumor specimens compared with control specimens from the same patient. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that netrin-1 was elevated in medulloblastoma tumors versus cerebellum controls. Notably, urinary levels of netrin-1 were 9-fold higher in patients with medulloblastoma compared with control individuals. Moreover, urinary netrin-1 levels were higher in patients with invasive medulloblastoma compared with patients with noninvasive medulloblastoma. Finally, we noted that urinary netrin-1 levels diminished after medulloblastoma resection in patients. Our results suggest netrin-1 is a candidate biomarker capable of detecting an invasive, disseminated phenotype in patients with medulloblastoma and predicting their disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoshige Akino
- Authors' Affiliations: Vascular Biology Program; Departments of Surgery
| | - Xuezhe Han
- Authors' Affiliations: Vascular Biology Program; Departments of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Neurosurgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Hironao Nakayama
- Authors' Affiliations: Vascular Biology Program; Departments of Surgery
| | - Brendan McNeish
- Authors' Affiliations: Vascular Biology Program; Departments of Surgery
| | | | - Akiko Mammoto
- Authors' Affiliations: Vascular Biology Program; Departments of Surgery
| | - Michael Klagsbrun
- Authors' Affiliations: Vascular Biology Program; Departments of Surgery, Pathology,
| | - Edward Smith
- Authors' Affiliations: Vascular Biology Program; Departments of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
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125
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Boutsikou T, Giotaki M, Gourgiotis D, Boutsikou M, Briana DD, Marmarinos A, Baka S, Hassiakos D, Malamitsi-Puchner A. Cord blood netrin-1 and -4 concentrations in term pregnancies with normal, restricted and increased fetal growth. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 27:1849-53. [PMID: 24716747 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.905530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine levels of the possible angioregulatory molecules netrin-1 and -4, in intrauterine-growth-restricted (IUGR), large for gestational age (LGA) (both groups characterized by altered angiogenic mechanisms) and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) pregnancies. METHODS Cord blood (UC) netrin-1 and -4 concentrations were measured in 30 IUGR, 30 LGA and 20 AGA infants and their mothers (MS). RESULTS Netrin-1 and -4 concentrations did not differ in all groups. UC netrin-4 increased with gestational age (b = 0.075, 95% CI 0.029-0.121, p = 0.002). In the IUGR group, MS netrin-4 decreased as birth-weight centiles increased [b = -0.058, 95% CI -0.112 to -0.004, p = 0.036]. In the LGA group, MS netrin-1 decreased with advanced gestational age [b = -0.063, 95% CI -0.105 to -0.022, p = 0.004]. In all cases, MS netrin-1 positively correlated with MS netrin-4 (r = 0.299, p = 0.007), while UC netrin-1 negatively correlated with UC netrin-4 (r = -0.239, p = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS Increased UC netrin-4 levels with advancing gestational age may reflect its effect on fetal development. Decreased maternal netrin-1 levels in the LGA group possibly represent a negative feedback mechanism against increased angiogenesis. Increased maternal netrin-4 levels in IUGR neonates may reflect in utero hypoxia, while the negative correlations between fetal netrin-1 and -4 levels may exert the dynamic balance between their angio- and anti-angiogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Boutsikou
- Department of Neonatology, Athens University Medical School , Athens , Greece and
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126
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Howangyin KY, Silvestre JS. Diabetes mellitus and ischemic diseases: molecular mechanisms of vascular repair dysfunction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1126-35. [PMID: 24675660 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In patients with diabetes mellitus, the ability of ischemic tissue to synchronize the molecular and cellular events leading to restoration of tissue perfusion in response to the atherosclerotic occlusion of a patent artery is markedly impaired. As a consequence, adverse tissue remodeling and the extent of ischemic injury are intensified, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Growing evidence from preclinical and clinical studies has implicated alterations in hypoxia-inducible factor 1 levels in the abrogation of proangiogenic pathways, including vascular endothelial growth factor A/phosphoinositide 3' kinase/AKT/endothelial nitric oxide synthase and in the activation of antiangiogenic signals characterized by accumulation of advanced glycation end products, reactive oxygen species overproduction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In addition, the diabetic milieu shows a switch toward proinflammatory antiregenerative pathways. Finally, the mobilization, subsequent recruitment, and the proangiogenic potential of the different subsets of angiogenesis-promoting bone marrow-derived cells are markedly impaired in the diabetic environment. In this review, we will give an overview of the current understanding on the signaling molecules contributing to the diabetes mellitus-induced impairment of postischemic revascularization mainly in the setting of myocardial infarction or critical limb ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiave Yune Howangyin
- From the INSERM UMRS 970, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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127
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Du X, Dong Y, Shi H, Li J, Kong S, Shi D, Sun LV, Xu T, Deng K, Tao W. Mst1 and mst2 are essential regulators of trophoblast differentiation and placenta morphogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90701. [PMID: 24595170 PMCID: PMC3942462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is essential for survival and growth of the fetus because it promotes the delivery of nutrients and oxygen from the maternal circulation as well as fetal waste disposal. Mst1 and Mst2 (Mst1/2), key components of the mammalian hpo/Mst signaling pathway, encode two highly conserved Ser/Thr kinases and play important roles in the prevention of tumorigenesis and autoimmunity, control of T cell development and trafficking, and embryonic development. However, their functions in placental development are not fully understood, and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigated the functions of Mst1/2 in mouse placental development using both conventional and conditional (endothelial) Mst1/2 double knockout mice. We found that the number of trophoblast giant cells dramatically increased while spongiotrophoblast cells almost completely disappeared in Mst1/2 deficient placentas. We showed that Mst1/2 deficiency down regulated the expression of Mash2, which is required for suppressing the differentiation of trophoblast giant cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that endothelial-specific deletion of Mst1/2 led to impaired placental labyrinthine vasculature and embryonic lethality at E11.5, but neither affected vasculature in yolk sac and embryo proper nor endocardium development. Collectively, our findings suggest that Mst1/2 regulate placental development by control of trophoblast cell differentiation and labyrinthine vasculature at midgestation and Mst1/2 control labyrinth morphogenesis in trophoblast- and fetal endothelial-dependent manners. Thus, our studies have defined novel roles of Mst1/2 in mouse placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongli Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling V. Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Kejing Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (WT); (KD)
| | - Wufan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (WT); (KD)
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128
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Ramkhelawon B, Hennessy EJ, Ménager M, Ray TD, Sheedy FJ, Hutchison S, Wanschel A, Oldebeken S, Geoffrion M, Spiro W, Miller G, McPherson R, Rayner KJ, Moore KJ. Netrin-1 promotes adipose tissue macrophage retention and insulin resistance in obesity. Nat Med 2014; 20:377-84. [PMID: 24584118 PMCID: PMC3981930 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During obesity, macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue propagates the chronic inflammation and insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes. The factors, however, that regulate the accrual of macrophages in adipose tissue are not well understood. Here we show that the neuroimmune guidance cue netrin-1 is highly expressed in obese but not lean adipose tissue of humans and mice, where it directs the retention of macrophages. Netrin-1, whose expression is induced in macrophages by the saturated fatty acid palmitate, acts via its receptor Unc5b to block their migration. In a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, we show that adipose tissue macrophages exhibit reduced migratory capacity, which can be restored by blocking netrin-1. Furthermore, hematopoietic deletion of Ntn1 facilitates adipose tissue macrophage emigration, reduces inflammation and improves insulin sensitivity. Collectively, these findings identify netrin-1 as a macrophage retention signal in adipose tissue during obesity that promotes chronic inflammation and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhama Ramkhelawon
- Department of Medicine, Marc and Ruti Bell Program for Vascular Biology and Disease, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Hennessy
- Department of Medicine, Marc and Ruti Bell Program for Vascular Biology and Disease, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mickaël Ménager
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tathagat Dutta Ray
- Department of Medicine, Marc and Ruti Bell Program for Vascular Biology and Disease, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Frederick J Sheedy
- Department of Medicine, Marc and Ruti Bell Program for Vascular Biology and Disease, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susan Hutchison
- Department of Medicine, Marc and Ruti Bell Program for Vascular Biology and Disease, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amarylis Wanschel
- Department of Medicine, Marc and Ruti Bell Program for Vascular Biology and Disease, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Scott Oldebeken
- Department of Medicine, Marc and Ruti Bell Program for Vascular Biology and Disease, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Westley Spiro
- Department of Medicine, Marc and Ruti Bell Program for Vascular Biology and Disease, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - George Miller
- Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ruth McPherson
- Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katey J Rayner
- Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn J Moore
- Department of Medicine, Marc and Ruti Bell Program for Vascular Biology and Disease, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Polygenic inheritance of paclitaxel-induced sensory peripheral neuropathy driven by axon outgrowth gene sets in CALGB 40101 (Alliance). THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2014; 14:336-42. [PMID: 24513692 PMCID: PMC4111770 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2014.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is a common dose-limiting toxicity for patients treated with paclitaxel. For most individuals there are no known risk factors that predispose patients to the adverse event, and pathogenesis for paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy is unknown. Determining whether there is a heritable component to paclitaxel induced peripheral neuropathy would be valuable in guiding clinical decisions and may provide insight into treatment of and mechanisms for the toxicity. Using genotype and patient information from the paclitaxel arm of CALGB 40101 (Alliance), a phase III clinical trial evaluating adjuvant therapies for breast cancer in women, we estimated the variance in maximum grade and dose at first instance of sensory peripheral neuropathy. Our results suggest that paclitaxel-induced neuropathy has a heritable component, driven in part by genes involved in axon outgrowth. Disruption of axon outgrowth may be one of the mechanisms by which paclitaxel treatment results in sensory peripheral neuropathy in susceptible patients.
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130
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Jayakumar C, Nauta FL, Bakker SJL, Bilo H, Gansevoort RT, Johnson MH, Ramesh G. Netrin-1, a urinary proximal tubular injury marker, is elevated early in the time course of human diabetes. J Nephrol 2014; 27:151-7. [PMID: 24510764 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-014-0055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Netrin-1 was recently identified as an early diagnostic biomarker of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in an experimental animal model. However, its usefulness for early diagnosis of CKD in humans is unknown. The current study evaluated whether netrin-1 is increased in urine from human diabetic patients. METHODS Spot urine samples from healthy volunteers, diabetes without microalbuminuria, diabetes with microalbuminuria and diabetes with macroalbuminuria were collected after receiving consent. Netrin-1 in urine was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the data analyzed to determine whether urinary netrin-1 significantly correlates with disease progression. RESULTS Urinary netrin-1 levels were significantly increased in normoalbuminuric diabetic patients compared to healthy controls, and still further elevated in patients with microalbuminuria and overt nephropathy. Urinary netrin-1 was significantly associated with albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate, independently of age and sex. CONCLUSION Netrin-1 is detectable in urine from diabetic patients and may serve as a useful early diagnostic biomarker predicting the development of CKD in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calpurnia Jayakumar
- Vascular Biology Center, CB-3702, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney-Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
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131
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Lejmi E, Bouras I, Camelo S, Roumieux M, Minet N, Leré-Déan C, Merkulova-Rainon T, Autret G, Vayssettes C, Clement O, Plouët J, Leconte L. Netrin-4 promotes mural cell adhesion and recruitment to endothelial cells. Vasc Cell 2014; 6:1. [PMID: 24472220 PMCID: PMC3909532 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-6-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Netrins are secreted molecules involved in axon guidance and angiogenesis. We previously showed that Netrin-4 acts as an anti-angiogenic factor by inhibiting endothelial cell (EC) functions. In this study, we investigated the effects of Netrin-4 on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) activity in vitro and in vivo. We show that exogenous Netrin-4 stimulated VSMC adhesion and migration, and increased their coverage on EC tubes (grown on a Matrigel substrate). siRNA knock-down of endogenous Netrin-4 expression in VSMC decreased their recruitment to EC tubes. VSMC expressed Netrin-4 and three of the six Netrin-1 cognate receptors: DCC, Neogenin, and Unc5B. Silencing of these receptors reduced Netrin-4 adhesion to VSMC, strongly suggesting that these receptors were involved in the recruitment process. We previously showed that Netrin-4 overexpression in PC3 cancer cells delayed tumor growth in a model of subcutaneous xenograft by reducing tumor vessel density. Here, we show that Netrin-4 overexpression improved tumor blood vessel structure and increased VSMC coverage. Thus, Netrin-4 induced mural cell recruitment may play a role in the inhibition of tumor growth. Our data suggest that Netrin-4 is important for blood vessel normalization through the regulation of both endothelial and perivascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laurence Leconte
- Present address: SISENE, Pépinière Paris Santé Cochin, 29 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, Paris 75014, France.
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132
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Dai YJ, Jia YF, Chen N, Bian WP, Li QK, Ma YB, Chen YL, Pei DS. Zebrafish as a model system to study toxicology. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:11-7. [PMID: 24307630 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring and assessing the effects of contaminants in the aquatic eco-environment is critical in protecting human health and the environment. The zebrafish has been widely used as a prominent model organism in different fields because of its small size, low cost, diverse adaptability, short breeding cycle, high fecundity, and transparent embryos. Recent studies have demonstrated that zebrafish sensitivity can aid in monitoring environmental contaminants, especially with the application of transgenic technology in this area. The present review provides a brief overview of recent studies on wild-type and transgenic zebrafish as a model system to monitor toxic heavy metals, endocrine disruptors, and organic pollutants for toxicology. The authors address the new direction of developing high-throughput detection of genetically modified transparent zebrafish to open a new window for monitoring environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
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Li L, Hu Y, Ylivinkka I, Li H, Chen P, Keski-Oja J, Hyytiäinen M. NETRIN-4 protects glioblastoma cells FROM temozolomide induced senescence. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80363. [PMID: 24265816 PMCID: PMC3827196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system. The drug temozolomide (TMZ) prolongs lifespan in many glioblastoma patients. The sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to TMZ is interfered by many factors, such as the expression of O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and activation of AKT signaling. We have recently identified the interaction between netrin-4 (NTN4) and integrin beta-4 (ITGB4), which promotes glioblastoma cell proliferation via activating AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. In the current work we have explored the effect of NTN4/ITGB4 interaction on TMZ induced glioblastoma cell senescence. We report here that the suppression of either ITGB4 or NTN4 in glioblastoma cell lines significantly enhances cellular senescence. The sensitivity of GBM cells to TMZ was primarily determined by the expression of MGMT. To omit the effect of MGMT, we concentrated on the cell lines devoid of expression of MGMT. NTN4 partially inhibited TMZ induced cell senescence and rescued AKT from dephosphorylation in U251MG cells, a cell line bearing decent levels of ITGB4. However, addition of exogenous NTN4 displayed no significant effect on TMZ induced senescence rescue or AKT activation in U87MG cells, which expressed ITGB4 at low levels. Furthermore, overexpression of ITGB4 combined with exogenous NTN4 significantly attenuated U87MG cell senescence induced by TMZ. These data suggest that NTN4 protects glioblastoma cells from TMZ induced senescence, probably via rescuing TMZ triggered ITGB4 dependent AKT dephosphorylation. This suggests that interfering the interaction between NTN4 and ITGB4 or concomitant use of the inhibitors of the AKT pathway may improve the therapeutic efficiency of TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Departments of Virology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, the Haartman Institute, Translational Cancer Biology Research Program and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, the Second Clinical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhou Hu
- Departments of Virology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, the Haartman Institute, Translational Cancer Biology Research Program and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irene Ylivinkka
- Departments of Virology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, the Haartman Institute, Translational Cancer Biology Research Program and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Huini Li
- Departments of Virology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, the Haartman Institute, Translational Cancer Biology Research Program and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ping Chen
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Keski-Oja
- Departments of Virology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, the Haartman Institute, Translational Cancer Biology Research Program and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Hyytiäinen
- Departments of Virology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, the Haartman Institute, Translational Cancer Biology Research Program and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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134
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White JJ, Mohamed R, Jayakumar C, Ramesh G. Tubular injury marker netrin-1 is elevated early in experimental diabetes. J Nephrol 2013; 26:1055-64. [PMID: 24052471 PMCID: PMC4001783 DOI: 10.5301/jn.5000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Netrin-1 was recently identified as an early diagnostic biomarker of acute kidney injury. However, its usefulness for early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unknown. The current study evaluated whether these proteins are increased in urine from experimental animals with diabetes. METHODS The current study evaluated whether netrin-1 is increased in urine from diabetic rats and mice, and whether netrin-1 correlated with development of nephropathy. RESULTS In rats, urinary netrin-1 excretion was significantly (p<0.001) higher in the diabetic group at 4 and 10 weeks after induction of diabetes as compared with the control group. Similarly, netrin-1 was increased significantly (p<0.001) in urine from hypertensive rats at 4 weeks as compared with controls. Likewise, urinary albumin excretion rates were increased in diabetic rats at 4 and 10 weeks as compared with controls and were increased in hypertensive rats at 4 weeks. Consistent with the diabetic model in rats, netrin-1 excretion was also increased early in diabetic mice's urine, and peak levels correlated with disease severity. CONCLUSION Netrin-1 can be detected in urine from diabetic and hypertensive rats and may serve as a useful early diagnostic biomarker for development of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J White
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Riyaz Mohamed
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University Augusta, GA 30912
| | | | - Ganesan Ramesh
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University Augusta, GA 30912
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University Augusta, GA 30912
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Ranganathan P, Jayakumar C, Navankasattusas S, Li DY, Kim IM, Ramesh G. UNC5B receptor deletion exacerbates tissue injury in response to AKI. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 25:239-49. [PMID: 24115477 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013040418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Netrin-1 regulates cell survival and apoptosis by activation of its receptors, including UNC5B. However, the in vivo role of UNC5B in cell survival during cellular stress and tissue injury is unknown. We investigated the role of UNC5B in cell survival in response to stress using mice heterozygously expressing the UNC5B gene (UNC5B(-/flox)) and mice with targeted homozygous deletion of UNC5B in kidney epithelial cells (UNC5B(-/flox/GGT-cre)). Mice were subjected to two different models of organ injury: ischemia reperfusion injury of the kidney and cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Both mouse models of UNC5B depletion had normal organ function and histology under basal conditions. After AKI, however, UNC5B(-/flox/GGT-cre) mice exhibited significantly worse renal function and damage, increased tubular apoptosis, enhanced p53 activation, and exacerbated inflammation compared with UNC5B(-/flox) and wild-type mice. shRNA-mediated suppression of UNC5B expression in cultured tubular epithelial cells exacerbated cisplatin-induced cell death in a p53-dependent manner and blunted Akt phosphorylation. Inhibition of PI3 kinase similarly exacerbated cisplatin-induced apoptosis; in contrast, overexpression of UNC5B reduced cisplatin-induced apoptosis in these cells. Taken together, these results show that the netrin-1 receptor UNC5B plays a critical role in cell survival and kidney injury through Akt-mediated inactivation of p53 in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punithavathi Ranganathan
- Department of Medicine and Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia; and
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136
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Dalpe G, Tarsitano M, Persico MG, Zheng H, Culotti J. C. elegans PVF-1 inhibits permissive UNC-40 signalling through CED-10 GTPase to position the male ray 1 sensillum. Development 2013; 140:4020-30. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.095190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Graded distributions of netrin and semaphorin guidance cues convey instructive polarity information to migrating cells and growth cones, but also have permissive (i.e. non-polarity determining) functions in mammalian development and repair. The permissive functions of these cues are largely uncharacterised at a molecular level. We found previously that UNC-6 (netrin) signals permissively through UNC-40 (DCC) and UNC-5 receptors to prevent anterior displacement of the ray 1 sensillum in the C. elegans male tail. UNC-6/UNC-40 signalling functions in parallel with SMP-1 (semaporin 1)/PLX-1 (plexin) signalling to prevent this defect. Here, we report that a deletion allele of pvf-1, which encodes a VEGF-related protein, causes no ray 1 defects, but enhances ray 1 defects of a plx-1 mutant, and unexpectedly also suppresses unc-6(ev400)-null mutant ray 1 defects. These mutant ray 1 inductive and suppressive effects are mimicked by the ability of unc-40(+) and ced-10(gain-of-function) multi-copy transgene arrays to induce ray 1 defects or suppress unc-6 mutant ray 1 defects, depending on their dosage, suggesting the pvf-1 mutation causes UNC-40 overactivity that interferes with signalling but is partially sensitive to UNC-6. Additional data suggest PVF-1 functions through four VEGF receptor-related proteins and inhibits only CED-10 (a GTPase), but not MIG-2-dependent UNC-40 activity, even though UNC-40 functions through both GTPases to position ray 1. pvf-1 and receptor mutant ray 1 defects are rescued by transgenes expressing mouse VEGF164 and human VEGF receptors, respectively. These data report the first case of VEGF-induced inhibition of the netrin signalling and a molecular conservation of VEGF function from worms to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gratien Dalpe
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | | | | | - Hong Zheng
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Joseph Culotti
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1SA, Canada
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137
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Hagedorn EJ, Ziel JW, Morrissey MA, Linden LM, Wang Z, Chi Q, Johnson SA, Sherwood DR. The netrin receptor DCC focuses invadopodia-driven basement membrane transmigration in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 201:903-13. [PMID: 23751497 PMCID: PMC3678161 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201301091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Localized activation of netrin signaling induces focused F-actin formation and the protrusive force necessary for physical displacement of basement membrane during cell transmigration. Though critical to normal development and cancer metastasis, how cells traverse basement membranes is poorly understood. A central impediment has been the challenge of visualizing invasive cell interactions with basement membrane in vivo. By developing live-cell imaging methods to follow anchor cell (AC) invasion in Caenorhabditis elegans, we identify F-actin–based invadopodia that breach basement membrane. When an invadopodium penetrates basement membrane, it rapidly transitions into a stable invasive process that expands the breach and crosses into the vulval tissue. We find that the netrin receptor UNC-40 (DCC) specifically enriches at the site of basement membrane breach and that activation by UNC-6 (netrin) directs focused F-actin formation, generating the invasive protrusion and the cessation of invadopodia. Using optical highlighting of basement membrane components, we further demonstrate that rather than relying solely on proteolytic dissolution, the AC’s protrusion physically displaces basement membrane. These studies reveal an UNC-40–mediated morphogenetic transition at the cell–basement membrane interface that directs invading cells across basement membrane barriers.
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138
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Cayre M, Courtès S, Martineau F, Giordano M, Arnaud K, Zamaron A, Durbec P. Netrin 1 contributes to vascular remodeling in the subventricular zone and promotes progenitor emigration after demyelination. Development 2013; 140:3107-17. [PMID: 23824572 DOI: 10.1242/dev.092999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells are maintained in the adult brain, sustaining structural and functional plasticity and to some extent participating in brain repair. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms and factors involved in endogenous stem/progenitor cell mobilization is a major challenge in the promotion of spontaneous brain repair. The main neural stem cell niche in the adult brain is the subventricular zone (SVZ). Following demyelination insults, SVZ-derived progenitors act in concert with oligodendrocyte precursors to repopulate the lesion and replace lost oligodendrocytes. Here, we showed robust vascular reactivity within the SVZ after focal demyelination of the corpus callosum in adult mice, together with a remarkable physical association between these vessels and neural progenitors exiting from their niche. Endogenous progenitor cell recruitment towards the lesion was significantly reduced by inhibiting post-lesional angiogenesis in the SVZ using anti-VEGF blocking antibody injections, suggesting a facilitating role of blood vessels for progenitor cell migration towards the lesion. We identified netrin 1 (NTN1) as a key factor upregulated within the SVZ after demyelination and involved in local angiogenesis and progenitor cell migration. Blocking NTN1 expression using a neutralizing antibody inhibited both lesion-induced vascular reactivity and progenitor cell recruitment at the lesion site. We propose a model in which SVZ progenitors respond to a demyelination lesion by NTN1 secretion that both directly promotes cell emigration and contributes to local angiogenesis, which in turn indirectly facilitates progenitor cell emigration from the niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Cayre
- Aix-Marseille Université, IBDM-UMR7288, 13288 Marseille, France.
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139
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Cells as state machines: Cell behavior patterns arise during capillary formation as a function of BDNF and VEGF. J Theor Biol 2013; 326:43-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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140
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Koltowska K, Betterman KL, Harvey NL, Hogan BM. Getting out and about: the emergence and morphogenesis of the vertebrate lymphatic vasculature. Development 2013; 140:1857-70. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.089565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic vascular system develops from the pre-existing blood vasculature of the vertebrate embryo. New insights into lymphatic vascular development have recently been achieved with the use of alternative model systems, new molecular tools, novel imaging technologies and growing interest in the role of lymphatic vessels in human disorders. The signals and cellular mechanisms that facilitate the emergence of lymphatic endothelial cells from veins, guide migration through the embryonic environment, mediate interactions with neighbouring tissues and control vessel maturation are beginning to emerge. Here, we review the most recent advances in lymphatic vascular development, with a major focus on mouse and zebrafish model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Koltowska
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Development, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kelly L. Betterman
- Division of Haematology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Natasha L. Harvey
- Division of Haematology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Benjamin M. Hogan
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Development, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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141
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GE RUILIANG, HU LEI, TAI YILIN, XUE FENG, YUAN LEI, WEI GONGTIAN, WANG YI. Flufenamic acid promotes angiogenesis through AMPK activation. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1945-50. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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142
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Binet F, Mawambo G, Sitaras N, Tetreault N, Lapalme E, Favret S, Cerani A, Leboeuf D, Tremblay S, Rezende F, Juan AM, Stahl A, Joyal JS, Milot E, Kaufman RJ, Guimond M, Kennedy TE, Sapieha P. Neuronal ER stress impedes myeloid-cell-induced vascular regeneration through IRE1α degradation of netrin-1. Cell Metab 2013; 17:353-71. [PMID: 23473031 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In stroke and proliferative retinopathy, despite hypoxia driven angiogenesis, delayed revascularization of ischemic tissue aggravates the loss of neuronal function. What hinders vascular regrowth in the ischemic central nervous system remains largely unknown. Using the ischemic retina as a model of neurovascular interaction in the CNS, we provide evidence that the failure of reparative angiogenesis is temporally and spatially associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The canonical ER stress pathways of protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) and inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α) are activated within hypoxic/ischemic retinal ganglion neurons, initiating a cascade that results in angiostatic signals. Our findings demonstrate that the endoribonuclease IRE1α degrades the classical guidance cue netrin-1. This neuron-derived cue triggers a critical reparative-angiogenic switch in neural macrophage/microglial cells. Degradation of netrin-1, by persistent neuronal ER stress, thereby hinders vascular regeneration. These data identify a neuronal-immune mechanism that directly regulates reparative angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Binet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
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Abstract
AbstractDiffuse human gliomas constitute a group of most treatment-refractory tumors even if maximum treatment strategies including neurosurgical resection followed by combined radio-/chemotherapy are applied. In contrast to most other neoplasms, diffusely infiltrating gliomas invade the brain along pre-existing structures such as axonal tracts and perivascular spaces. Even in cases of early diagnosis single or small clusters of glioma cells are already encountered far away from the main tumor bulk. Complex interactions between glioma cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix and considerable changes in the cytoskeletal apparatus are prerequisites for the cellular movement of glioma cells through the brain thereby escaping from most current treatments. This review provides an overview about classical and current concepts of glioma cell migration/invasion and promising preclinical treatment approaches.
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144
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Polverini PJ. Angiogenesis and wound healing: basic discoveries, clinical implications, and therapeutic opportunities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/etp.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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145
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Shimizu A, Nakayama H, Wang P, König C, Akino T, Sandlund J, Coma S, Italiano JE, Mammoto A, Bielenberg DR, Klagsbrun M. Netrin-1 promotes glioblastoma cell invasiveness and angiogenesis by multiple pathways including activation of RhoA, cathepsin B, and cAMP-response element-binding protein. J Biol Chem 2012. [PMID: 23195957 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.397398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are very difficult tumors to treat because they are highly invasive and disseminate within the normal brain, resulting in newly growing tumors. We have identified netrin-1 as a molecule that promotes glioblastoma invasiveness. As evidence, netrin-1 stimulates glioblastoma cell invasion directly through Matrigel-coated transwells, promotes tumor cell sprouting and enhances metastasis to lymph nodes in vivo. Furthermore, netrin-1 regulates angiogenesis as shown in specific angiogenesis assays such as enhanced capillary endothelial cells (EC) sprouting and by increased EC infiltration into Matrigel plugs in vivo, as does VEGF-A. This netrin-1 signaling pathway in glioblastoma cells includes activation of RhoA and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB). A novel finding is that netrin-1-induced glioblastoma invasiveness and angiogenesis are mediated by activated cathepsin B (CatB), a cysteine protease that translocates to the cell surface as an active enzyme and co-localizes with cell surface annexin A2 (ANXA2). The specific CatB inhibitor CA-074Me inhibits netrin-1-induced cell invasion, sprouting, and Matrigel plug angiogenesis. Silencing of CREB suppresses netrin-1-induced glioblastoma cell invasion, sprouting, and CatB expression. It is concluded that netrin-1 plays an important dual role in glioblastoma progression by promoting both glioblastoma cell invasiveness and angiogenesis in a RhoA-, CREB-, and CatB-dependent manner. Targeting netrin-1 pathways may be a promising strategy for brain cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Shimizu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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146
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Cao N, Feng J, Bai J, Sun L, Li S, Ma J, Wang L. Netrin-1 attenuates the progression of renal dysfunction by inhibiting peritubular capillary loss and hypoxia in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Kidney Blood Press Res 2012; 36:209-19. [PMID: 23147235 DOI: 10.1159/000343410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of netrin-1 on peritubular capillary (PTC) loss and hypoxia in 5/6 nephrectomized (Nx) rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (n = 10 rats/group): sham-operated rats treated with control adenovirus; 5/6 Nx rats treated with control adenovirus; and 5/6 Nx rats treated with recombinant adenovirus mediated netrin-1 gene (Ad-netrin-1) therapy. Rats were killed 12 weeks after surgery. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr) and 24-h urinary albumin excretion rates were measured. Pathological changes in renal tissues were analyzed histologically. The concentration of netrin-1, CD34, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and real-time PCR. RESULTS Renal function and histopathological damage were significantly improved in Adnetrin-1 treated 5/6 Nx rats, compared with rats treated with the control adenovirus in the 5/6 Nx group. Furthermore, Ad-netrin-1 treatment induced a significant increase in renal PTC density, accompanied by a significant decrease in HIF-1α expression. CONCLUSION Adenovirus mediated netrin-1 treatment attenuates PTC damage, relieves tissues hypoxia and improves renal function, thus alleviating renal pathological changes and interstitial fibrosis in 5/6 Nx rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cao
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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147
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Renin–angiotensin system involvement in the oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration of cultured retinal ganglion cells. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2012; 57:126-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10384-012-0204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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148
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Eveno C, Contreres JO, Hainaud P, Nemeth J, Dupuy E, Pocard M. Netrin-4 overexpression suppresses primary and metastatic colorectal tumor progression. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:73-8. [PMID: 23124703 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is closely associated with clinical staging and has been proposed to correlate with clinical response in terms of subsequent metastases following primary resection. Netrin-4 (NT-4) regulates angiogenic responses. Therefore, we sought to examine the effects of NT-4 on the primary tumor growth of colon cancer cells, liver and lung metastases of colon cancer cells, and responses following primary tumor resection. We used 3 different mouse models of orthotopic primary tumor and liver and lung metastases, comparing 2 human colon cancer cells lines: wild-type (low expression of NT-4) and NT-4 (overexpression of NT-4) LS174 cells. NT-4 overexpression inhibited the primary tumor growth of colorectal LS174 xenografts in nude mice (144.3±12.9 vs. 62.4±4.5 mm3; p<0.0001) as well as its related local and systemic recurrence (38 vs. 0%; p<0.01). NT-4 overexpression also markedly decreased colorectal cancer progression in terms of tumor number and volume of liver metastases in the NT-4 group of the orthotopic liver metastasis model (25 vs. 90% and 4±1 vs. 709±190 mm3, p<0.001 and p<0.05). Collectively, our findings indicate that NT-4 overexpression decreases colorectal lung metastasis and its associated lymph node involvement. NT-4 overexpression decreases tumor recurrence and metastasis after surgical resection, likely via an anti-angiogenic effect. These observations suggest that NT-4 may hold therapeutic potential in the treatment of colorectal cancer growth and major metastatic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Eveno
- INSERM U965 Angiogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Digestive Diseases, Paris Diderot, Paris 7 University, Lariboisière Hospital, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
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Abstract
This review is focusing on a critical mediator of embryonic and postnatal development with multiple implications in inflammation, neoplasia, and other pathological situations in brain and peripheral tissues. These morphogenetic guidance and dependence processes are involved in several malignancies targeting the epithelial and immune systems including the progression of human colorectal cancers. We consider the most important findings and their impact on basic, translational, and clinical cancer research. Expected information can bring new cues for innovative, efficient, and safe strategies of personalized medicine based on molecular markers, protagonists, signaling networks, and effectors inherent to the Netrin axis in pathophysiological states.
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Kefeli U, Yildirim ME, Aydin D, Madenci OC, Yasar N, Sener N, Mert AG, Yuksel S, Ercelep OB, Korkmaz T, Yildiz R, Gumus M. Netrin-1 concentrations in patients with advanced gastric cancer and its relation with treatment. Biomarkers 2012; 17:663-7. [PMID: 22889408 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.709882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Netrin-1 is found to be elevated and usable as a diagnostic biomarker in many human cancers. OBJECTIVES We evaluated serum Netrin-1 concentrations in patients with advanced gastric cancer compared with those in a healthy group. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty patients with advanced gastric cancer and thirty healthy people were included in the study. Serum netrin-1 concentrations were measured by quantitative ELISA method in both groups. RESULTS The mean serum Netrin-1 concentrations were found to be significantly higher in patients with gastric cancer than in healthy controls. The mean serum Netrin-1 concentrations were found to be significantly higher in patients with gastric cancer before the beginning of chemotherapy when compared after the completion of third cycle. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our results indicated that netrin-1 concentrations elevated in advanced gastric cancer compared to a healthy control group and netrin-1 concentrations decreased with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Kefeli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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