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Smekalova EM, Martinez MG, Combe E, Kumar A, Dejene S, Leboeuf D, Chen CY, Dorkin JR, Shuang LS, Kieft S, Young L, Barrera LA, Packer MS, Ciaramella G, Testoni B, Gregoire F, Zoulim F. Cytosine base editing inhibits hepatitis B virus replication and reduces HBsAg expression in vitro and in vivo. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2024; 35:102112. [PMID: 38292874 PMCID: PMC10825689 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global health problem due to the lack of treatments that prevent viral rebound from HBV covalently closed circular (ccc)DNA. In addition, HBV DNA integrates in the human genome, serving as a source of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) expression, which impairs anti-HBV immune responses. Cytosine base editors (CBEs) enable precise conversion of a cytosine into a thymine within DNA. In this study, CBEs were used to introduce stop codons in HBV genes, HBs and Precore. Transfection with mRNA encoding a CBE and a combination of two guide RNAs led to robust cccDNA editing and sustained reduction of the viral markers in HBV-infected HepG2-NTCP cells and primary human hepatocytes. Furthermore, base editing efficiently reduced HBsAg expression from HBV sequences integrated within the genome of the PLC/PRF/5 and HepG2.2.15 cell lines. Finally, in the HBV minicircle mouse model, using lipid nanoparticulate delivery, we demonstrated antiviral efficacy of the base editing approach with a >3log10 reduction in serum HBV DNA and >2log10 reduction in HBsAg, and 4/5 mice showing HBsAg loss. Combined, these data indicate that base editing can introduce mutations in both cccDNA and integrated HBV DNA, abrogating HBV replication and silencing viral protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria G. Martinez
- INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR 5286, 69008 Lyon, France
- University of Lyon, UMR_S1052, UCBL, 69008 Lyon, France
- Hepatology Institute of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Combe
- INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR 5286, 69008 Lyon, France
- University of Lyon, UMR_S1052, UCBL, 69008 Lyon, France
- Hepatology Institute of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Anuj Kumar
- INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR 5286, 69008 Lyon, France
- University of Lyon, UMR_S1052, UCBL, 69008 Lyon, France
- Hepatology Institute of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Barbara Testoni
- INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR 5286, 69008 Lyon, France
- University of Lyon, UMR_S1052, UCBL, 69008 Lyon, France
- Hepatology Institute of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | | | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR 5286, 69008 Lyon, France
- University of Lyon, UMR_S1052, UCBL, 69008 Lyon, France
- Hepatology Institute of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Hepatology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), 69004 Lyon, France
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2
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Packer MS, Chowdhary V, Lung G, Cheng LI, Aratyn-Schaus Y, Leboeuf D, Smith S, Shah A, Chen D, Zieger M, Cafferty BJ, Yan B, Ciaramella G, Gregoire FM, Mueller C. Evaluation of Cytosine Base Editing and Adenine Base Editing as a Potential Treatment for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1396-1406. [PMID: 35121111 PMCID: PMC9077367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare autosomal codominant disease caused by mutations within the SERPINA1 gene. The most prevalent variant in patients is PiZ SERPINA1, containing a single G > A transition mutation. PiZ alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is prone to misfolding, leading to the accumulation of toxic aggregates within hepatocytes. In addition, the abnormally low level of AAT secreted into circulation provides insufficient inhibition of neutrophil elastase within the lungs, eventually causing emphysema. Cytosine and adenine base editors enable the programmable conversion of C⋅G to T⋅A and A⋅T to G⋅C base pairs, respectively. In this study, two different base editing approaches were developed: use of a cytosine base editor to install a compensatory mutation (p.Met374Ile) and use of an adenine base editor to mediate the correction of the pathogenic PiZ mutation. After treatment with lipid nanoparticles formulated with base editing reagents, PiZ-transgenic mice exhibited durable editing of SERPINA1 in the liver, increased serum AAT, and improved liver histology. These results indicate that base editing has the potential to address both lung and liver disease in AATD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Chowdhary
- Gene Therapy Department, UMass Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Genesis Lung
- Beam Therapeutics, 238 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lo-I Cheng
- Beam Therapeutics, 238 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah Smith
- Beam Therapeutics, 238 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aalok Shah
- Beam Therapeutics, 238 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Delai Chen
- Beam Therapeutics, 238 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marina Zieger
- Gene Therapy Department, UMass Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | | | - Bo Yan
- Beam Therapeutics, 238 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | - Christian Mueller
- Gene Therapy Department, UMass Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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3
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Reker D, Rybakova Y, Kirtane AR, Cao R, Yang JW, Navamajiti N, Gardner A, Zhang RM, Esfandiary T, L'Heureux J, von Erlach T, Smekalova EM, Leboeuf D, Hess K, Lopes A, Rogner J, Collins J, Tamang SM, Ishida K, Chamberlain P, Yun D, Lytton-Jean A, Soule CK, Cheah JH, Hayward AM, Langer R, Traverso G. Computationally guided high-throughput design of self-assembling drug nanoparticles. Nat Nanotechnol 2021; 16:725-733. [PMID: 33767382 PMCID: PMC8197729 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00870-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanoformulations of therapeutic drugs are transforming our ability to effectively deliver and treat a myriad of conditions. Often, however, they are complex to produce and exhibit low drug loading, except for nanoparticles formed via co-assembly of drugs and small molecular dyes, which display drug-loading capacities of up to 95%. There is currently no understanding of which of the millions of small-molecule combinations can result in the formation of these nanoparticles. Here we report the integration of machine learning with high-throughput experimentation to enable the rapid and large-scale identification of such nanoformulations. We identified 100 self-assembling drug nanoparticles from 2.1 million pairings, each including one of 788 candidate drugs and one of 2,686 approved excipients. We further characterized two nanoparticles, sorafenib-glycyrrhizin and terbinafine-taurocholic acid both ex vivo and in vivo. We anticipate that our platform can accelerate the development of safer and more efficacious nanoformulations with high drug-loading capacities for a wide range of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Reker
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yulia Rybakova
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ameya R Kirtane
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruonan Cao
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Engineering Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jee Won Yang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Natsuda Navamajiti
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apolonia Gardner
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rosanna M Zhang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tina Esfandiary
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Johanna L'Heureux
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas von Erlach
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elena M Smekalova
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Kaitlyn Hess
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Lopes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jaimie Rogner
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joy Collins
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Siddartha M Tamang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Keiko Ishida
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paul Chamberlain
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - DongSoo Yun
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Abigail Lytton-Jean
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christian K Soule
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jaime H Cheah
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alison M Hayward
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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4
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Leboeuf D, Pyatkov M, Zatsepin TS, Piatkov K. The Arg/N-Degron Pathway-A Potential Running Back in Fine-Tuning the Inflammatory Response? Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060903. [PMID: 32545869 PMCID: PMC7356051 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of danger signals by a cell initiates a powerful cascade of events generally leading to inflammation. Inflammatory caspases and several other proteases become activated and subsequently cleave their target proinflammatory mediators. The irreversible nature of this process implies that the newly generated proinflammatory fragments need to be sequestered, inhibited, or degraded in order to cancel the proinflammatory program or prevent chronic inflammation. The Arg/N-degron pathway is a ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway that specifically degrades protein fragments bearing N-degrons, or destabilizing residues, which are recognized by the E3 ligases of the pathway. Here, we report that the Arg/N-degron pathway selectively degrades a number of proinflammatory fragments, including some activated inflammatory caspases, contributing in tuning inflammatory processes. Partial ablation of the Arg/N-degron pathway greatly increases IL-1β secretion, indicating the importance of this ubiquitous pathway in the initiation and resolution of inflammation. Thus, we propose a model wherein the Arg/N-degron pathway participates in the control of inflammation in two ways: in the generation of inflammatory signals by the degradation of inhibitory anti-inflammatory domains and as an “off switch” for inflammatory responses through the selective degradation of proinflammatory fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Leboeuf
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.); (T.S.Z.)
| | - Maxim Pyatkov
- Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology, Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Timofei S. Zatsepin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.); (T.S.Z.)
| | - Konstantin Piatkov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.); (T.S.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Leboeuf D, Abakumova T, Prikazchikova T, Rhym L, Anderson DG, Zatsepin TS, Piatkov KI. Downregulation of the Arg/N-degron Pathway Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy In Vivo. Mol Ther 2020; 28:1092-1104. [PMID: 32087767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The N-degron pathway is an emerging target for anti-tumor therapies, because of its capacity to positively regulate many hallmarks of cancer, including angiogenesis, cell proliferation, motility, and survival. Thus, inhibition of the N-degron pathway offers the potential to be a highly effective anti-cancer treatment. With the use of a small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated approach for selective downregulation of the four Arg/N-degron-dependent ubiquitin ligases, UBR1, UBR2, UBR4, and UBR5, we demonstrated decreased cell migration and proliferation and increased spontaneous apoptosis in cancer cells. Chronic treatment with lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) loaded with siRNA in mice efficiently downregulates the expression of UBR-ubiquitin ligases in the liver without any significant toxic effects but engages the immune system and causes inflammation. However, when used in a lower dose, in combination with a chemotherapeutic drug, downregulation of the Arg/N-degron pathway E3 ligases successfully reduced tumor load by decreasing proliferation and increasing apoptosis in a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma, while avoiding the inflammatory response. Our study demonstrates that UBR-ubiquitin ligases of the Arg/N-degron pathway are promising targets for the development of improved therapies for many cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luke Rhym
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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6
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Abstract
For several years, it was believed that the thymus was entirely responsible for maintaining T cell homeostasis. Today, it is well-known that homeostatic peripheral mechanisms are essential in order to maintain T cell numbers and diversity constant in the periphery. Naïve and memory T cells require continual access to self-peptide MHC class I and II molecules and/or cytokines to survive in the periphery. Under normal conditions, homeostatic resources are low, and lymphocytes undergo very slow proliferation and survive. Following T cell depletion, the bioavailability of homeostatic resources is significantly increased, and T cell proliferation is dramatically augmented. The development of lymphopenic mouse models has helped our current understanding of factors involved in the regulation of peripheral T cell homeostasis. In this minireview, we will give a brief overview about basic techniques used to study peripheral T cell homeostasis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moutuaata M Moutuou
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon-David Gauthier
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chen
- Département de Biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Martin Guimond
- Division Immunologie-Oncologie, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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7
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Gauthier SD, Moutuou MM, Daudelin F, Leboeuf D, Guimond M. IL-7 Is the Limiting Homeostatic Factor that Constrains Homeostatic Proliferation of CD8 + T Cells after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation and Graft-versus-Host Disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2018; 25:648-655. [PMID: 30576835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Immune reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation relies primarily on homeostatic proliferation (HP) of mature T lymphocytes, but this process is typically impaired during graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We previously showed that low IL-7 levels combined with lack of dendritic cell (DC) regeneration constrain CD4+ T cell HP during GVHD. However, it is not clear whether these alterations to the peripheral CD4+ T cell niche also contribute to impair CD8+ T cell regeneration during GVHD. We found that IL-7 therapy was sufficient for restoring CD8+ T cell HP in GVHD hosts while forcing DC regeneration with Flt3-L had only a modest effect on CD8+ T cell HP in IL-7 treated mice. Using bone marrow chimeras, we showed that HP of naïve CD8+ T cells is primarily regulated by MHC class I on radio-resistant stromal cells, yet optimal recovery of CD8+ T cell counts still requires expression of MHC class I on both radio-resistant and radio-sensitive hematopoietic cells. Thus, IL-7 level is the primary limiting factor that constrains naïve CD8+ T cell HP during GVHD, and accessibility of MHC class I on stromal cells explains how IL-7 therapy, as a single agent, can induce robust CD8 + T cell HP in the absence of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon-David Gauthier
- Départment de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Moutuaata M Moutuou
- Départment de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Francis Daudelin
- Départment de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dominique Leboeuf
- Division d'Hématologie-Oncologie, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Martin Guimond
- Départment de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Division d'Hématologie-Oncologie, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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8
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Ducret JE, Batani D, Boutoux G, Chancé A, Gastineau B, Guillard JC, Harrault F, Jakubowska K, Lantuejoul-Thfoin I, Leboeuf D, Loiseau D, Lotode A, Pès C, Rabhi N, Saïd A, Semsoum A, Serani L, Thomas B, Toussaint JC, Vauzour B. Calibration of the low-energy channel Thomson parabola of the LMJ-PETAL diagnostic SEPAGE with protons and carbon ions. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:023304. [PMID: 29495838 DOI: 10.1063/1.5009737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The SEPAGE diagnostic will detect charged particles (electrons, protons, and ions) accelerated in the interaction of the PETAL (PETawatt Aquitaine Laser) laser with its targets on the LMJ (Laser MegaJoule)-PETAL laser facility. SEPAGE will be equipped with a proton-radiography front detector and two Thomson parabolas (TP), corresponding to different ranges of the particle energy spectra: Above 0.1 MeV for electrons and protons in the low-energy channel, with a separation capability between protons and 12C6+ up to 20 MeV proton energy and above 8 MeV for the high-energy channel, with a separation capability between protons and 12C6+ up to 200 MeV proton kinetic energy. This paper presents the calibration of the SEPAGE's low-energy channel TP at the Tandem facility of Orsay (France) with proton beams between 3 and 22 MeV and carbon-ion beams from 5.8 to 84 MeV. The magnetic and electric fields' integrals were determined with an accuracy of 10-3 by combining the deflections measured at different energies with different target thicknesses and materials, providing different in-target energy losses of the beam particles and hence different detected energies for given beam energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-E Ducret
- CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - G Boutoux
- CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Chancé
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - B Gastineau
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J-C Guillard
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - F Harrault
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - K Jakubowska
- CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | | | - D Leboeuf
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Loiseau
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Lotode
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Pès
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N Rabhi
- CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Saïd
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - A Semsoum
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - L Serani
- Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5797 CNRS/IN2P3, Gradignan 33175, France
| | - B Thomas
- Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5797 CNRS/IN2P3, Gradignan 33175, France
| | - J-C Toussaint
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - B Vauzour
- CEA DAM DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
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9
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Leboeuf D, Zatsepin T, Anderson DG, Piatkov K. Abstract 3131: Ubiquitin ligases: a new target for RNAi therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-3131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. HCC is a very aggressive cancer, resistant to all conventional chemotherapies and capable of acquiring resistance to Sorafenib, which is the only approved chemotherapeutic drug for HCC. This highlights the need to look for new therapeutic options and improve the survival of patients with advanced HCC. The N-end rule pathway is an emerging player in the field of cancer biology, because of its capacity to positively regulate many hallmarks of cancer including angiogenesis, cell proliferation, motility and survival. Therefore, the N-end rule pathway offers the potential to be a target for highly effective anti-tumor treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of the N-end rule pathway in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo. We used siRNA-mediated RNA interference as the main approach for selective downregulation of the four N-end rule-dependent cognate ubiquitin ligases: UBR1, UBR2, UBR4 and UBR5. Initial screening of siRNAs was performed in Hepa 1-6 cells, followed by in vitro phenotyping using proliferation assays, migration assays, and TUNEL assays. The most potent siRNA against Ubr1, Ubr2, Ubr4 and Ubr5 were formulated into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and injected into mice in order to modulate the function of the N-end rule in vivo. We have confirmed that Ubr1, Ubr2, Ubr4 and Ubr5 are overexpressed in Hepa 1-6 cells and in mouse liver tumors, in comparison to normal liver. Upon transfection of siRNAs in Hepa 1-6 cells or injection of LNPs loaded with the same siRNAs into mice, we obtained successful down regulation of Ubr1, Ubr2, Ubr4 and Ubr5 both in vitro and in vivo (in the liver and in tumor tissue). We have also demonstrated that down regulation of these four Ubr proteins negatively affects cell migration and proliferation, and renders cells more susceptible to apoptosis. Bi-weekly injections of the LNPs in mice for a period up to 6 weeks efficiently downregulates the expression of Ubr1, Ubr2, Ubr4 and Ubr5 without any toxic effects. Indeed, we found no significant increase of ALT, AST or total bilirubin in the blood compared to controls. Considering that all four Ubrs are overexpressed in mouse liver tumors, and that the N-end rule plays a major role in many key pathways of cancer development, we expect that even a partial down regulation of this pathway will have prominent effects on tumor development and progression due to the suppression of tumor vascularization, cell proliferation and viability.
Citation Format: Dominique Leboeuf, Timofei Zatsepin, Daniel G. Anderson, Konstantin Piatkov. Ubiquitin ligases: a new target for RNAi therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3131. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3131
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Leboeuf
- 1Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Timofei Zatsepin
- 1Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Konstantin Piatkov
- 1Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Moutuou MM, Thiant S, Leboeuf D, Guimond M. ‘Interleukin-7 production by dendritics cells is critical for negative selection of CD4+ lymphocytes in the thymus’. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.156.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
IL-7 plays a crucial role in thymopoiesis, this cytokine is mainly expressed by thymic epithelial stroma cells and dendritics cells (DCs). During thymopoiesis, thymocytes undergo positive and negative selection which ensures the generation of a functional T-cell repertoire. In the thymus, Antigen presenting cells including medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC) and DCs, express a variety of self-peptides that contribute to purge the repertoire of self-reactive thymocytes. Studies have indicated that co-stimulation through cell surface molecules and cytokine mediated by DCs is important during negative selection. Given that DCs produce IL-7 and IL-7 can modulate TCR signaling, we hypothesized that IL-7 production by DCs might increases TCR sensitivity and modulates negative selection.
Objective
We limited IL-7 production to thymic epithelial cells by engineering chimeric Rag−/− mice transplanted with hematopoietic stem cells from IL-7−/− mice. Following bone marrow (BM) transplantation, control mice (C57BL/6 BM in Rag−/−) remains healthy whereas recipients of IL-7−/− BM developed signs of illness and dies within 5–6 weeks. Adoptive transfer of CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells recapitulated the disease host. We confirmed a defect in negative selection by observing the production of autoreactive anti-HY T cells TCR transgenic Marilyn male mice receiving IL-7−/− BM.
Conclusion
Our data identified an unsuspected role of DCs-derived IL-7 in negative selection of CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Martin Guimond
- 1Univ. of Montreal, Canada
- 2Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Canada
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Smekalova EM, Kotelevtsev YV, Leboeuf D, Shcherbinina EY, Fefilova AS, Zatsepin TS, Koteliansky V. lncRNA in the liver: Prospects for fundamental research and therapy by RNA interference. Biochimie 2016; 131:159-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Thiant S, Moutuou MM, Leboeuf D, Guimond M. Homeostatic cytokines in immune reconstitution and graft-versus-host disease. Cytokine 2016; 82:24-32. [PMID: 26795458 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For numerous patients, allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is the only therapeutic option that could potentially cure their disease. Despite significant progress made in clinical management of allogeneic SCT, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains the second cause of death after disease recurrence. aGVHD is highly immunosuppressive and the adverse effect of allogeneic SCT on T cell regeneration is typically more important than the levels of immunosuppression normally seen after autologous SCT. In these patients, immune reconstitution often takes several years to occur and restoring immunocompetence after allogeneic SCT represents an important challenge, principally because clinical options are limited and current methods used to accelerate immune reconstitution are associated with increased GVHD. Interleukin-7 and IL-15 are both under clinical investigation and demonstrate the greatest potential on peripheral T cells regeneration in mice and humans. However, awareness has been raised about the use of IL-7 and IL-15 after allogeneic SCT with regards to potential adverse effects on aGVHD. In this review, we will discuss about recent progress made in lymphocyte regeneration, the critical role played by IL-7 and IL-15 in T cell homeostasis and how these cytokines could be used to improve immune reconstitution after allogeneic SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Thiant
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Moutuaata M Moutuou
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dominique Leboeuf
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin Guimond
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Gauthier SD, Leboeuf D, Manuguerra-Gagné R, Gaboury L, Guimond M. Stromal-Derived Factor-1α and Interleukin-7 Treatment Improves Homeostatic Proliferation of Naïve CD4(+) T Cells after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015; 21:1721-31. [PMID: 26151303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) impairs immune reconstitution after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) and effective therapies aimed at restoring T cell counts in GVHD patients have yet to be developed. During GVHD, CD4(+) T cell reconstitution is particularly affected and current models hold that GVHD insult to the peripheral lymphoid niche is responsible for this effect. Here, we show that naïve CD4(+) T cell homeostatic proliferation (HP) is lost during GVHD because of low systemic IL-7 and impaired dendritic cell (DC) regeneration. We assessed factors involved in DC differentiation and found that although fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3-L) levels were normal, stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) was diminished in the blood of GVHD mice. Unlike Flt3-L treatment, the administration of SDF-1α specifically increased CD8α(+) DC numbers and did not worsen GVHD. Importantly, CD4(+) T cell HP was enhanced only when IL-7 and SDF-1α or Flt3L were coadministered, confirming the crucial role of DCs and IL-7 in restoring CD4(+) T cell regeneration during GVHD. Altogether, our results indicate that CD8α(+) DCs are part of the peripheral niche that controls CD4(+) T cell HP and that their depletion, combined with low systemic IL-7, explains how GVHD constrains naïve CD4(+) T cell reconstitution after allo-SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon-David Gauthier
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dominique Leboeuf
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Renaud Manuguerra-Gagné
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis Gaboury
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Guimond
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Cosson E, Bihan H, Vittaz L, Khiter C, Carbillon L, Faghfouri F, Leboeuf D, Dauphin H, Lepagnol A, Reach G, Valensi P. Improving postpartum glucose screening after gestational diabetes mellitus: a cohort study to evaluate the multicentre IMPACT initiative. Diabet Med 2015; 32:189-97. [PMID: 25393823 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate a mobilization campaign, the IMPACT initiative, which included multidisciplinary meetings, provision of information and a systematic prescription of an oral glucose tolerance test to improve the rate of glucose screening in women with gestational diabetes mellitus in the four largest maternity units in our area, starting in March 2011. METHODS We retrospectively compared the level of self-reported screening during the first 6 months postpartum of women who gave birth after having been diagnosed with gestational diabetes before (January 2009 to December 2010) and after the IMPACT campaign (April 2011 to February 2012). RESULTS We included 961 women (589 in the period before and 372 in the period after the campaign was initiated) with a mean ± SD age of 33.2 ± 5.3 years and BMI of 27.8 ± 5.3 kg/m². Multivariate analysis, stratified using a propensity score in order to limit bias caused by imbalance between both periods, showed that the postpartum screening rate was higher after the campaign began (48.9 vs 33.3%, odds ratio 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.5; P = 0.019) and higher in women who received insulin treatment during pregnancy (odds ratio 2.3, 95% CI 1.5-3.6; P < 0.001), consumed fruit and vegetables daily (odds ratio 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.4; P = 0.035) and did not smoke (smoking vs non-smoking: odds ratio 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.7; P = 0.01). There was no interaction between the campaign effect and these particular conditions. The proportion of oral glucose tolerance tests performed in women who underwent screening increased from 6.3 to 33.0%. CONCLUSIONS The IMPACT campaign increased postpartum screening, and the use the oral glucose tolerance test in particular. The effect of this initiative might be reinforced in women who are non-daily consumers of fruit and vegetables, smokers and those who do not receive insulin treatment during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cosson
- AP-HP, Jean Verdier Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bondy; Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR U1153 Inserm / U1125 Inra / Cnam / Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
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Gauthier SD, Leboeuf D, Guimond M. Low levels of SDF-1α constrain DC recovery and diminish homeostatic proliferation of naïve CD4+ T cells during graft-versus-host disease. (TRAN3P.892). The Journal of Immunology 2014. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.202.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) and its effect on T cell regeneration greatly increases the immunodeficiency normally associated with SCT. As a result, GVHD patients experience profound lymphopenia and lymphocyte reconstitution takes generally several months or years. The goal of this work was to assess the impact of GVHD on homeostatic proliferation (HP) of non-alloreactive naïve CD4+ T lymphocytes with the hypothesis that regeneration of the peripheral niche permissive to CD4 HP is constrained by GVHD. To study the impact of GVHD on the peripheral niche regulating CD4 HP, we used a Parent→F1 mouse model and observed a complete abrogation of CD4 HP in GVHD hosts. Loss of HP was related to depletion of all DC subsets as well as low levels of IL-7. While Flt3-ligand (FL) levels were normal, Stromal Derived Factor-1α (SDF-1α) was significantly diminished in GVHD mice. Administration of FL or SDF-1α significantly increased DC counts but CD4 HP was restored only when FL or SDF-1α was combined to IL-7. Importantly, while FL treatment aggravated GVHD, GVHD was improved by SDF-1α therapy. Our study shows that lack of immune reconstitution of CD4+ T cells is primarily due to failure of DC recovery owing to diminished SDF-1α production and diminished IL-7 and that the combination of SDF-1α and IL-7 could be used to enhance CD4 HP in GVHD hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon David Gauthier
- 1Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- 2University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Martin Guimond
- 1Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- 2University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Bihan H, Cosson E, Khiter C, Vittaz L, Faghfouri F, Leboeuf D, Carbillon L, Dauphin H, Reach G, Valensi P. Factors associated with screening for glucose abnormalities after gestational diabetes mellitus: baseline cohort of the interventional IMPACT study. Diabetes Metab 2014; 40:151-7. [PMID: 24503190 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although it is important to screen women who have had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) for abnormal post-partum glucose levels, such testing is rarely performed. The aim of this study was to use data from the first observational phase of the IMPACT study to determine rates of screening within 6 months of delivery in a multiethnic cohort, focusing in particular on the effects of social deprivation and the risk of future diabetes. PATIENTS AND METHODS To investigate the frequency of post-partum screening, charts were analyzed, and all women attending four centres located in a deprived area who had had GDM between January 2009 and December 2010 were contacted by phone. The Evaluation of Precarity and Inequalities in Health Examination Centres (EPICES) deprivation index and Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISK) questionnaire were also evaluated. RESULTS Data were evaluable for 589 of the 719 women contacted (mean age: 33.4 ± 5.2 years; mean body mass index: 27.6 ± 5.4 kg/m(2)), and 196 (33.3%) reported having been screened. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with a lack of screening were smoking [odds ratio (OR): 0.42 (0.20-0.90), P<0.05], low consumption of fruit and vegetables [OR: 0.58 (0.39-0.82), P<0.01] and heavier offspring birth weight (P<0.05), although there were no differences in FINDRISK and EPICES scores between screened and unscreened women. CONCLUSION One-third of women who had had GDM reported having been screened for dysglycaemia at 6 months post-partum. However, it is expected that the interventional phase of the IMPACT study will increase screening rates, especially in women with the risk factors associated with lower screening rates during this observational phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bihan
- AP-HP, Avicenne Hospital, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases, CRNH-IdF, CINFO, Bobigny, France; Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR U557 Inserm/U1125 Inra/Cnam/Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France.
| | - E Cosson
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR U557 Inserm/U1125 Inra/Cnam/Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France; AP-HP, Jean-Verdier Hospital, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition, CRNH-IdF, CINFO, Bondy, France
| | - C Khiter
- De La Fontaine Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Denis, France
| | - L Vittaz
- Ballanger Hospital, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, Aulnay-Sous-Bois, France
| | - F Faghfouri
- AP-HP, Jean-Verdier Hospital, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition, CRNH-IdF, CINFO, Bondy, France
| | - D Leboeuf
- Seine-Saint-Denis Private Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Le Blanc Mesnil, France
| | - L Carbillon
- AP-HP, Jean-Verdier Hospital, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Department of Gynaecology-Obstetrics, Bondy, France
| | - H Dauphin
- Ballanger Hospital, Department of Gynecology, Aulnay-Sous-Bois, France
| | - G Reach
- AP-HP, Avicenne Hospital, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases, CRNH-IdF, CINFO, Bobigny, France
| | - P Valensi
- AP-HP, Jean-Verdier Hospital, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition, CRNH-IdF, CINFO, Bondy, France
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Favret S, Binet F, Lapalme E, Leboeuf D, Carbadillo J, Rubic T, Picard E, Mawambo G, Tetreault N, Joyal JS, Chemtob S, Sennlaub F, Sangiovanni JP, Guimond M, Sapieha P. Deficiency in the metabolite receptor SUCNR1 (GPR91) leads to outer retinal lesions. Aging (Albany NY) 2013; 5:427-44. [PMID: 23833031 PMCID: PMC3832265 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a prominent cause of blindness in the Western world. To date, its molecular pathogenesis as well as the sequence of events leading to retinal degeneration remain largely ill-defined. While the invasion of choroidal neovasculature in the retina is the primary mechanism that precipitates loss of sight, an earlier dry form may accompany it. Here we provide the first evidence for the protective role of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE)-resident metabolite receptor, succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1; G-Protein coupled Receptor-91 (GPR91), in preventing dry AMD-like lesions of the outer retina. Genetic analysis of 925 patients with geographic atrophy and 1199 AMD-free peers revealed an increased risk of developing geographic atrophy associated with intronic variants in the SUCNR1 gene. In mice, outer retinal expression of SUCNR1 is observed in the RPE as well as microglial cells and decreases progressively with age. Accordingly, Sucnr1−/− mice show signs of premature sub-retinal dystrophy with accumulation of oxidized-LDL, abnormal thickening of Bruch's membrane and a buildup of subretinal microglia. The accumulation of microglia in Sucnr1-deficient mice is likely triggered by the inefficient clearance of oxidized lipids by the RPE as bone marrow transfer of wild-type microglia into Sucnr1−/− mice did not salvage the patho-phenotype and systemic lipolysis was equivalent between wild-type and control mice. Our findings suggest that deficiency in SUCNR1 is a possible contributing factor to the pathogenesis of dry AMD and thus broaden our understanding of this clinically unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Favret
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada
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Binet F, Mawambo G, Sitaras N, Tetreault N, Lapalme E, Favret S, Cerani A, Leboeuf D, Tremblay S, Rezende F, Juan AM, Stahl A, Joyal JS, Milot E, Kaufman RJ, Guimond M, Kennedy TE, Sapieha P. Neuronal ER stress impedes myeloid-cell-induced vascular regeneration through IRE1α degradation of netrin-1. Cell Metab 2013; 17:353-71. [PMID: 23473031 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In stroke and proliferative retinopathy, despite hypoxia driven angiogenesis, delayed revascularization of ischemic tissue aggravates the loss of neuronal function. What hinders vascular regrowth in the ischemic central nervous system remains largely unknown. Using the ischemic retina as a model of neurovascular interaction in the CNS, we provide evidence that the failure of reparative angiogenesis is temporally and spatially associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The canonical ER stress pathways of protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) and inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α) are activated within hypoxic/ischemic retinal ganglion neurons, initiating a cascade that results in angiostatic signals. Our findings demonstrate that the endoribonuclease IRE1α degrades the classical guidance cue netrin-1. This neuron-derived cue triggers a critical reparative-angiogenic switch in neural macrophage/microglial cells. Degradation of netrin-1, by persistent neuronal ER stress, thereby hinders vascular regeneration. These data identify a neuronal-immune mechanism that directly regulates reparative angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Binet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
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Putzke C, Coldea AI, Guillamón I, Vignolles D, McCollam A, Leboeuf D, Watson MD, Mazin II, Kasahara S, Terashima T, Shibauchi T, Matsuda Y, Carrington A. de Haas-van Alphen study of the Fermi surfaces of superconducting LiFeP and LiFeAs. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:047002. [PMID: 22400881 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.047002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report a de Haas-van Alphen oscillation study of the 111 iron pnictide superconductors LiFeAs with T(c) ≈ 18 K and LiFeP with T(c) ≈ 5 K. We find that for both compounds the Fermi surface topology is in good agreement with density functional band-structure calculations and has almost nested electron and hole bands. The effective masses generally show significant enhancement, up to ~3 for LiFeP and ~5 for LiFeAs. However, one hole Fermi surface in LiFeP shows a very small enhancement, as compared with its other sheets. This difference probably results from k-dependent coupling to spin fluctuations and may be the origin of the different nodal and nodeless superconducting gap structures in LiFeP and LiFeAs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Putzke
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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Leboeuf D, Letellier K, Alos N, Edery P, Moldovan F. Do estrogens impact adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2009; 20:147-52. [PMID: 19349194 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 12/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent discoveries in the pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) indicate that various hormones, especially estrogens, have a role in its onset and development. This role for estrogen seems possible because of its interaction with factors that influence the development and progression of this spinal deformity. Additionally, estrogens impact bone remodeling and growth, as well as bone acquisition, all of which are affected in AIS. Despite the fact that estrogens are not causative factors of AIS, they could impact the progression of spinal deformity by interacting with factors that modulate bone growth, biomechanics and structure. Thus, clarifying the role of estrogens is essential for understanding how AIS evolves during skeletal growth and for the development of new therapeutic interventions.
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Lejus C, Pichenot V, Péan D, Leboeuf D, Le Roux C, Asehnoune K. Intubation avec l’Airtraq™ chez un enfant porteur de séquelles graves de brûlure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 28:399-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2009.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bangura AF, Fletcher JD, Carrington A, Levallois J, Nardone M, Vignolle B, Heard PJ, Doiron-Leyraud N, Leboeuf D, Taillefer L, Adachi S, Proust C, Hussey NE. Small Fermi surface pockets in underdoped high temperature superconductors: observation of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in YBa2Cu4O8. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:047004. [PMID: 18352322 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.047004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in the underdoped cuprate superconductor YBa2Cu4O8 (Y124). For fields aligned along the c axis, the frequency of the oscillations is 660+/-30 T, which corresponds to approximately 2.4% of the total area of the first Brillouin zone. The effective mass of the quasiparticles on this orbit is measured to be 2.7+/-0.3 times the free electron mass. Both the frequency and mass are comparable to those recently observed for ortho-II YBa2Cu3O6.5 (Y123-II). We show that although small Fermi surface pockets may be expected from band-structure calculations in Y123-II, no such pockets are predicted for Y124. Our results therefore imply that these small pockets are a generic feature of the copper oxide plane in underdoped cuprates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Bangura
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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23
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Koffi K, Leboeuf D. [Nursing competences in scientific research, a universal standard]. Soins 2007:47-50. [PMID: 17877254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kan Koffi
- Istitut national de formation des agents de santé (Infas), Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
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24
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Dupret C, Asnafi V, Leboeuf D, Millien C, Ben Abdelali R, Preudhomme C, Beldjord K, Delabesse E, Macintyre E. IgH/TCR rearrangements are common in MLL translocated adult AML and suggest an early T/myeloid or B/myeloid maturation arrest, which correlates with the MLL partner. Leukemia 2005; 19:2337-8. [PMID: 16304577 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Delabesse E, Bernard M, Landman-Parker J, Davi F, Leboeuf D, Varet B, Valensi F, Macintyre EA. Simultaneous SIL-TAL1 RT-PCR detection of all tal(d) deletions and identification of novel tal(d) variants. Br J Haematol 1997; 99:901-7. [PMID: 9432040 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1997.4833286.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Site-specific deletions of the 5' part of the TAL1 gene (tal(d)) are among the most frequent non-random genetic abnormalities in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL). They are usually detected by PCR from DNA with several primer pairs or by Southern blot analysis. Since tal(d) lead to expression of a SIL-TAL1 fusion transcript, irrespective of the genomic breakpoint, we have used a single monoplex RT-PCR reaction to screen 55 T-ALL patients at diagnosis. SIL-TAL1 transcripts were demonstrated in 12 (22%) cases, including 7/27 (26%) children <15 years of age, 2/8 (25%) adolescents and 2/17 (12%) adults aged >20 years. SIL-TAL1 RT-PCR was preferrable to tal(d) DNA PCR since it allowed the simultaneous detection of tal(d), tal(d2) and two previously undescribed tal(d) variants. SIL-TAL1 RT-PCR screening should therefore increase the detection rate of tal(d) by approximately 15-20%, with an at least comparable sensitivity to tal(d) genomic PCR, and represents a more practical and economic alternative to multiple DNA PCRs or Southern blotting when incorporated into molecular screening for multiple transcripts at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Delabesse
- CNRS URA 1461, Université Paris V, CHU Necker-Enfants Malades, France
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26
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Macintyre E, Bourquelot P, Leboeuf D, Rimokh R, Archimbaud E, Smetsers T, Zittoun R. MLL cleavage occurs in approximately 5% of de novo acute myeloid leukemia, including in patients analyzed before treatment induction. Blood 1997; 89:2224-6. [PMID: 9058751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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27
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Landman-Parker J, Aubin J, Delabesse E, Tabone MD, Adam M, Millien C, Leboeuf D, Buzyn-Veil A, Dollfus C, Leverger G, Macintyre EA. Simplified strategies for minimal residual disease detection in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 1996; 95:281-90. [PMID: 8904883 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.d01-1917.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a simplified fluorescent run-off (FluRO) based IgH PCR strategy in order to facilitate follow-up of large numbers of B-cell precursor (BCP) acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (ALL) in a routine molecular diagnostic laboratory. DNA samples from 26 BCP-ALL and one B-cell line were amplified using IgH FR1 and FR2 consensus primers and analysed in parallel either by ethidium bromide non-denaturing PAGE or, after rendering the PCR products fluorescent with an internal JH consensus primer, by high-resolution analysis on an automated fragment analyser. The latter led to a minimum of one log increase in sensitivity of detection in 62% of alleles from 19 samples (16/28 in FR1; 11/15 in FR2) tested in parallel on log DNA dilutions, and to at least a 10(-2) level of sensitivity of detection in 15/19. The improved resolution allowed an approximate 20% increase in the number of clonal alleles detected, and consequently doubled the incidence of oligoclonality (6/26; 23%). Using these strategies, 6/17 (35%) of children analysed prospectively showed residual IgH positivity in the post induction complete remission bone marrow sample. Both early deaths occurred within this subgroup of patients and of the three of four surviving patients tested, two remained positive 2-3 months later. Although this simplified strategy is, as expected, less sensitive than anti-V-D-J junction specific strategies, it enables detection of a category of 'slow-remitters' which may have prognostic significance at a stage where therapeutic decisions are taken.
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28
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Poirel H, Rack K, Delabesse E, Radford-Weiss I, Troussard X, Debert C, Leboeuf D, Bastard C, Picard F, Veil-Buzyn A, Flandrin G, Bernard O, Macintyre E. Incidence and characterization of MLL gene (11q23) rearrangements in acute myeloid leukemia M1 and M5. Blood 1996; 87:2496-505. [PMID: 8630416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the incidence of MLL rearrangement in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) French-American-British (FAB) type M1 and to evaluate optimal screening strategies for the characterization of such abnormalities, we analyzed specimens from 41 patients with AML by Southern blotting with two MLL genomic probes and compared the capacities of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to identify the types of rearrangement found in AML M1 with those observed in AML M5. MLL rearrangement was found in 6 of 29 (20%) AML M1 and 6 of 10 AML M5 cases. RT-PCR characterization of 11 cases showed four MLL self-fusions, four MLL-AF6, two MLL-AF9, including a novel AF9 breakpoint, and one uncharacterized t(11:19). Only 5 of 10 MLL-rearranged cases tested demonstrated karyotypic 11q23 abnormalities. FISH analysis of nine cases with an MLL-specific yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) confirmed the cytogenetic abnormalities in two cases, clarified them in one, and did not detect six cases, including three MLL self-fusions, one case with a probable MLL-rearranged subclone not represented karyotypically, and twoMLL-AF6. A whole chromosome 11 paint detected one of these MLL-AF6, and an AF6 cosmid demonstrated that the other was probably due to insertion of a submicroscopic portion of chromosome 6, including part of AF6, into an apparently normal chromosome 11. We conclude that MLL rearrangements are common in adult AML M1, that MLL self-fusion and MLL-AF6 are the most frequent types of abnormalities, and that RT-PCR is preferable to 11q23 FISH analysis for their characterization.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Base Sequence
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/ultrastructure
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Down Syndrome/complications
- Female
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Infant
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogenes
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Proto-Oncogenes
- Retrospective Studies
- Transcription Factors
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- H Poirel
- Department of Haematology, University Paris V, France
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29
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Poirel H, Radford-Weiss I, Rack K, Troussard X, Veil A, Valensi F, Picard F, Guesnu M, Leboeuf D, Melle J. Detection of the chromosome 16 CBF beta-MYH11 fusion transcript in myelomonocytic leukemias. Blood 1995; 85:1313-22. [PMID: 7858261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Karyotypic detection of chromosomal 16 abnormalities classically associated with AML M4Eo can be difficult. Characterization of the two genes involved in the inv(16)(p13q22), CBF beta and MYH11, has allowed the detection of fusion transcripts by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We have analyzed CBF beta-MYH11 fusion transcripts by RT-PCR in myelomonocytic leukemias, with or without eosinophilia, to determine whether their presence correlates with morphology. Fifty-three cases (11 AML M4Eo; 1 AML M4 with atypical abnormal eosinophils (AML M4 "Eo"); 29 AML M4; 8 AML M5; 3 CMML; and 1 AML M2 with eosinophilia) were analyzed. All 11 typical AML M4Eo were CBF beta-MYH11 positive. The single case of AML M4 with distinctive eosinophil abnormalities was negative by karyotype, RT-PCR and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Three of 29 (10%) AML M4 without abnormal eosinophils were CBF beta-MYH11 positive, 1 of which did not show any apparent chromosome 16 abnormalities by classical metaphase analysis (2 not tested). Both cases tested also showed MYH11 genomic rearrangement. None of the other leukemias were RT-PCR positive. Follow-up of three patient showed residual positivity in apparent complete remission. These data show that CBF beta-MYH11 fusion transcripts occur not only in the vast majority of typical AML M4Eo, but also in approximately 10% of AML M4 without eosinophilic abnormalities, a much higher incidence than the sporadic reports of chromosome 16 abnormalities in AML M4 would suggest. Taken together with the detection of CBF beta-MYH11 transcripts in the absence of apparent chromosome 16 abnormalities by classical banding techniques, these data show that additional screening by either RT-PCR or FISH should be performed in all AML M4, regardless of morphologic features, to allow accurate evaluation of the prognostic importance of this fusion transcript.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Base Sequence
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosome Inversion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/ultrastructure
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit
- Core Binding Factors
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Eosinophils/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Infant
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/classification
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Myosins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Transcription Factor AP-2
- Transcription Factors/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- H Poirel
- Department of Hematology, CHU Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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30
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Aubin J, Davi F, Nguyen-Salomon F, Leboeuf D, Debert C, Taher M, Valensi F, Canioni D, Brousse N, Varet B. Description of a novel FR1 IgH PCR strategy and its comparison with three other strategies for the detection of clonality in B cell malignancies. Leukemia 1995; 9:471-9. [PMID: 7533868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PCR amplification of IgH gene V-D-J junctional variability (IgH PCR) is increasingly replacing Southern analysis for the detection of clonal lymphoid populations in cases presenting diagnostic difficulties. In order to determine the most efficient strategy, we have compared three known methods, using consensus primers against the VH FR3 or FR2 (FR256) regions, or a mix of six primers against the FR1 region (FR1f), with a new approach using a consensus primer against FR1 (FR1c), never previously described for diagnostic purposes, on DNA from 89 monoclonal B-cell proliferations (16 ALL, 28 CLL/PLL, 15 myelomas, 30 NHL). We obtained a detection rate of 70% for FR3, 64% for FR1f and 77% and 78% for FR256 and FR1c, respectively. Polyclonal lymphocytes and mature T cell malignancies tested negative for all systems. Differences in the detection rate were related not only to the choice of VH primer but also the JH primer(s) used and the pathological subtype. All strategies led to adequate detection of leukaemic DNA, whereas the detection rate in myeloma varied between strategies from 47 to 80% and that of follicular lymphoma from 13 to 63%. The lowest detection rates were observed in follicular lymphoma and in mature CD5 negative proliferations, reflecting the probable correlation between somatic mutation and PCR false-negativity. The combined use of FR1c and FR256 allowed detection in at least one system of 92% of cases overall and at least 75% in all pathological subtypes, thus providing a simple, reliable and rapid non-radioactive system for the detection of B cell clonality.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Southern
- CD5 Antigens
- Clone Cells
- Consensus Sequence
- DNA Primers
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Evaluation Studies as Topic
- False Negative Reactions
- False Positive Reactions
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain
- Genes, Immunoglobulin
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin J-Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Leukemia, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multiple Myeloma/genetics
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Risk
- Sensitivity and Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aubin
- Department of Hematology, CHU Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
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31
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Troussard X, Rimokh R, Valensi F, Leboeuf D, Fenneteau O, Guitard AM, Manel AM, Schillinger F, Leglise C, Brizard A. Heterogeneity of t(1;19)(q23;p13) acute leukaemias. French Haematological Cytology Group. Br J Haematol 1995; 89:516-26. [PMID: 7734349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1995.tb08357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The t(1;19)(q23;p13) translocation occurs commonly in B-lineage ALL. Previous reports have demonstrated a predominance of cases with expression of cytoplasmic Ig mu (C mu+), and FAB L1/L2 phenotype, a poor prognosis and expression of a fusion transcript involving the E2A and PBX1 genes in C mu+ but not in C mu- cases. Of 38 patients with karyotypically proven t(1;19) (q23;p13) leukaemias, we extensively analysed 18 patients with acute leukaemia including 16 B-lineage ALLs, one T-ALL and one AML M4. The AML was associated with a classic E2A-PBX1 fusion transcript and may represent the human counterpart of the AMLs induced by E2A-PBX1 retroviral infection of murine marrow progenitors. The T-ALL was E2A-PBX1 negative and neither the E2A nor the LYL-1 genes, both situated at chromosome 19 p13, were rearranged. Of the 16 B-lineage ALLs, four had cytological features resembling an 'L3-like' phenotype classically associated with Burkitt's lymphoma, two at diagnosis and relapse and two exclusively at relapse. E2A-PBX1 fusion transcripts were detected by RT-PCR in all 13 C mu+ patients and in 2/3 C mu- cases. The 'L3-like' phenotype did not correlate with a particular stage of maturation arrest (one sIg+, one C mu+, one C mu-) or type of E2A-PBX1 transcript, but was associated in all cases with a trisomy 8. Translocation, rearrangement, amplification or over-expression of the c-myc gene was not observed in these cases, demonstrating that the apparent association with trisomy 8 is not due to deregulation of this gene. We therefore show that the E2A-PBX1 transcript, although occurring predominantly in C mu+ pre-B ALL, also occurs in C mu- early pre-B ALL, sIg+ B-ALL and even in AML. These results suggest that the stage of maturation arrest, and indirectly the prognosis, are not solely due to the type of fusion transcript associated with the t(1;19).
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Affiliation(s)
- X Troussard
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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32
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Leboeuf D. [Medical treatment of prolapse and of urinary incontinence]. Soins Gynecol Obstet Pueric Pediatr 1984:19-22. [PMID: 6334900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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