101
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Van der Meeren T, Verschuren D. Zoobenthos community turnover in a 1650‐yr lake‐sediment record of climate‐driven hydrological change. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk Verschuren
- Limnology Unit Department of Biology Ghent University GentB‐9000Belgium
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102
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Brown J, Barton P, Cunningham SA. How bioregional history could shape the future of agriculture. ADV ECOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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103
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Bergamin RS, Seger GDS, Carlucci MB, Molz M, Mello RSP, Martins R, Jarenkow JA, Brack P, Müller SC, Duarte LDS. Elevational shifts in phylogenetic diversity of angiosperm trees across the subtropical Brazilian Atlantic Forest. AUSTRAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo S. Bergamin
- Laboratório de Ecologia Filogenética e Funcional (LEFF) Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CP 15007 Porto Alegre RS91501‐970Brazil
| | - Guilherme D. S. Seger
- Departamento Interdisciplinar Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos (CECLIMAR) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Imbé RSBrazil
| | - Marcos B. Carlucci
- Laboratório de Ecologia Funcional de Comunidades (LABEF) Departamento de Botânica Setor de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba PRBrazil
| | - Martin Molz
- Seção de Botânica de Fanerógamas Museu de Ciências Naturais Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre RSBrazil
| | - Ricardo S. P. Mello
- Laboratório ArtzEcologia KAAconde Pesquisas e Conservação da Biodiversidade Unidade em São Francisco de Paula Mestrado Profissional em Ambiente e Sustentabilidade Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul – UERGS TapesRSBrazil
| | - Rafael Martins
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma SCBrazil
| | - João A. Jarenkow
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Paulo Brack
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Sandra C. Müller
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal (LEVeg) Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Leandro D. S. Duarte
- Laboratório de Ecologia Filogenética e Funcional (LEFF) Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CP 15007 Porto Alegre RS91501‐970Brazil
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104
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Sugai LSM, Silva TSF, Llusia D, Siqueira T. Drivers of assemblage-wide calling activity in tropical anurans and the role of temporal resolution. J Anim Ecol 2020; 90:673-684. [PMID: 33289069 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Temporal scale in animal communities is often associated with seasonality, despite the large variation in species activity during a diel cycle. A gap thus remains in understanding the dynamics of short-term activity in animal communities. Here we assessed calling activity of tropical anurans and addressed how species composition varied during night activity in assemblages along gradients of local and landscape environmental heterogeneity. We investigated 39 anuran assemblages in the Pantanal wetlands (Brazil) with passive acoustic monitoring during the peak of one breeding season, and first determined changes in species composition between night periods (early, mid and late) using two temporal resolutions (1- and 3-hr intervals). Then, we addressed the role of habitat structure (local and landscape heterogeneity variables from field-based and remote sensing metrics) and ecological context (species richness and phylogenetic relatedness) in determining changes in species composition (a) between night periods and (b) across days. Nocturnal calling activity of anuran assemblages varied more within the 1-hr resolution than the 3-hr resolution. Differences in species composition between early- and late-night periods were related to local habitat structure and phylogenetic relatedness, while a low variation in compositional changes across days was associated with low-heterogeneous landscapes. None of these relationships were observed using the coarser temporal resolution (3 hr). Our findings on the variation of calling activity in tropical anuran assemblages suggest potential trade-offs mediated by fine-temporal partitioning. Local and landscape heterogeneity may provide conditions for spatial partitioning, while the relatedness among co-signalling species provides cues on the ecological overlap of species with similar requirements. These relationships suggest a role of niche dimensional complementarity on the structuring of these anuran assemblages over fine-temporal scales. We argue that fine-temporal differences between species in breeding activity can influence the outcome of species interaction and thus, addressing temporal scaling issues can improve our understanding of the dynamics of animal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa S M Sugai
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rio Claro, Brazil.,Terrestrial Ecology Group, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Facultad de Ciencias, Biología, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thiago S F Silva
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rio Claro, Brazil.,Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Diego Llusia
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Facultad de Ciencias, Biología, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratório de Herpetologia e Comportamento Animal, Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Tadeu Siqueira
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rio Claro, Brazil
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105
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Zhao ZX, Yang L, Long JK, Chang ZM, Zhou ZX, Zhi Y, Yang LJ, Li HX, Sui YJ, Gong N, Wang XY, Chen XS. Testing Seven Hypotheses to Determine What Explains the Current Planthopper (Fulgoridae) Geographical and Species Richness Patterns in China. INSECTS 2020; 11:E892. [PMID: 33348760 PMCID: PMC7766541 DOI: 10.3390/insects11120892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Although many hypotheses have been proposed to understand the mechanisms underlying large-scale richness patterns, the environmental determinants are still poorly understood, particularly in insects. Here, we tested the relative contributions of seven hypotheses previously proposed to explain planthopper richness patterns in China. The richness patterns were visualized at a 1° × 1° grid size, using 14,722 distribution records for 1335 planthoppers. We used ordinary least squares and spatial error simultaneous autoregressive models to examine the relationships between richness and single environmental variables and employed model averaging to assess the environmental variable relative roles. Species richness was unevenly distributed, with high species numbers occurring in the central and southern mountainous areas. The mean annual temperature change since the Last Glacial Maximum was the most important factor for richness patterns, followed by mean annual temperature and net primary productivity. Therefore, historical climate stability, ambient energy, and productivity hypotheses were supported strongly, but orogenic processes and geological isolation may also play a vital role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Xue Zhao
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.-X.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.-X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (L.-J.Y.); (H.-X.L.); (Y.-J.S.); (N.G.); (X.-Y.W.)
- Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.-X.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.-X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (L.-J.Y.); (H.-X.L.); (Y.-J.S.); (N.G.); (X.-Y.W.)
- Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jian-Kun Long
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.-K.L.); (Z.-M.C.)
| | - Zhi-Min Chang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.-K.L.); (Z.-M.C.)
| | - Zheng-Xiang Zhou
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.-X.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.-X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (L.-J.Y.); (H.-X.L.); (Y.-J.S.); (N.G.); (X.-Y.W.)
- Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yan Zhi
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.-X.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.-X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (L.-J.Y.); (H.-X.L.); (Y.-J.S.); (N.G.); (X.-Y.W.)
- Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Liang-Jing Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.-X.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.-X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (L.-J.Y.); (H.-X.L.); (Y.-J.S.); (N.G.); (X.-Y.W.)
- Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hong-Xing Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.-X.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.-X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (L.-J.Y.); (H.-X.L.); (Y.-J.S.); (N.G.); (X.-Y.W.)
- Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yong-Jin Sui
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.-X.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.-X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (L.-J.Y.); (H.-X.L.); (Y.-J.S.); (N.G.); (X.-Y.W.)
- Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Nian Gong
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.-X.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.-X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (L.-J.Y.); (H.-X.L.); (Y.-J.S.); (N.G.); (X.-Y.W.)
- Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Wang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.-X.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.-X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (L.-J.Y.); (H.-X.L.); (Y.-J.S.); (N.G.); (X.-Y.W.)
- Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiang-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.-X.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.-X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (L.-J.Y.); (H.-X.L.); (Y.-J.S.); (N.G.); (X.-Y.W.)
- Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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106
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Elo M, Ketola T, Komonen A. Species co-occurrence networks of ground beetles in managed grasslands. COMMUNITY ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42974-020-00034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGrassland biodiversity, including traditional rural biotopes maintained by traditional agricultural practices, has become threatened worldwide. Road verges have been suggested to be complementary or compensatory habitats for species inhabiting grasslands. Species co-occurrence patterns linked with species traits can be used to separate between the different mechanisms (stochasticity, environmental filtering, biotic interactions) behind community structure. Here, we study species co-occurrence networks and underlying mechanisms of ground beetle species (Carabidae) in three different managed grassland types (meadows, pastures, road verges, n = 12 in each type) in Central Finland. We aimed to find out whether road verges can be considered as compensatory to traditional rural biotopes (meadows and pastures). We found that stochasticity explained over 90% of the pairwise co-occurrences, and the non-random co-occurrences were best explained by environmental filtering, regardless of the grassland type. However, the identities and traits of the species showing non-random co-occurrences differed among the habitat types. Thus, environmental factors behind environmental filtering differ among the habitat types and are related to the site-specific characteristics and variation therein. This poses challenges to habitat management since the species’ response to management action may depend on the site-specific characteristics. Although road verges are not fully compensatory to meadows and pastures, the high similarity of species richness and the high level of shared species suggest that for carabids road verges may be corridors connecting the sparse network of the remaining traditional rural biotopes.
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107
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Zweig CL, Newman S, Saunders CJ. Applied use of alternate stable state modeling in restoration ecology. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02195. [PMID: 32524665 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The concept of alternate stable states is important in ecological theory and models, but the application and implementation of these models have the potential to make significant future advances in the field of patterned landscapes. The bistable ridge and slough landscape is a central feature of Everglades restoration and provides an important opportunity to test stable state theory with multistate transition models. We used these models to estimate environmental parameters associated with state changes (water depths, edaphic factors, etc.) and develop a quantitative method to measure resilience and stability. The multistate model indicates that long-term, local hydrology (15-yr mean maximums and 15-yr mean amplitude) and edaphic factors control the local scale shifts between ridge and slough states. We show that multistate models can provide hydrologic envelopes for managers, produce a tool to help assess future water management scenarios, and address issues of sustainability, resilience, and restoration for any bistable system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa L Zweig
- South Florida Water Management District, 8894 Belvedere Road, West Palm Beach, Florida, 33411, USA
| | - Sue Newman
- South Florida Water Management District, 8894 Belvedere Road, West Palm Beach, Florida, 33411, USA
| | - Colin J Saunders
- South Florida Water Management District, 8894 Belvedere Road, West Palm Beach, Florida, 33411, USA
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108
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Bae S, Heidrich L, Levick SR, Gossner MM, Seibold S, Weisser WW, Magdon P, Serebryanyk A, Bässler C, Schäfer D, Schulze E, Doerfler I, Müller J, Jung K, Heurich M, Fischer M, Roth N, Schall P, Boch S, Wöllauer S, Renner SC, Müller J. Dispersal ability, trophic position and body size mediate species turnover processes: Insights from a multi‐taxa and multi‐scale approach. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Bae
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Lea Heidrich
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | | | - Martin M. Gossner
- Forest Entomology WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute Birmensdorf Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Seibold
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group Technical University of MunichFreising and Berchtesgaden National Park Berchtesgaden Germany
| | - Wolfgang W. Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Paul Magdon
- Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Alla Serebryanyk
- Department of Geoinformatics Munich University of Applied Sciences München Germany
| | - Claus Bässler
- Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences Institute for Ecology, Evolution and DiversityGoethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | | | | | - Inken Doerfler
- Plant Biodiversity Research Group Department of Ecology & Ecosystem Management Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Science Vegetation Science & Nature ConservationUniversity of Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Department of Nature Conservation Heinz Sielmann Foundation Wustermark Germany
- Institute of Biology and Biochemistry University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany
| | - Kirsten Jung
- Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics University Ulm Ulm Germany
| | - Marco Heurich
- Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Wildlife Management University of Freiburg Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences University of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F) Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Nicolas Roth
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
- Forest Entomology WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute Birmensdorf Switzerland
- School of Agricultural Forest and Food Sciences Bern University of Applied Sciences Zollikofen Switzerland
| | - Peter Schall
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Steffen Boch
- Research Unit Biodiversity & Conservation Biology WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Stephan Wöllauer
- Faculty of Geography Philipps‐University Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Swen C. Renner
- Head of Ornithology Natural History Museum Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Jörg Müller
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany
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109
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Leopold DR, Fukami T. Greater local diversity under older species pools may arise from enhanced competitive equivalence. Ecol Lett 2020; 24:310-318. [PMID: 33216438 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ecological communities typically contain more species when located within geologically older regions. This pattern is traditionally attributed to the long-term accumulation of species in the regional species pool, with local species interactions playing a minor role. We provide evidence suggesting a more important role of local species interactions than generally assumed. We assembled 320 communities of root-associated fungi under 80 species pools, varying species pool richness and the mean age of the sites from which the fungi were collected across a 4-myr soil chronosequence. We found that local diversity increased more with increasing species pool richness when species were from older sites. We also found that older species pools had lower functional and phylogenetic diversity, indicating greater competitive equivalence among species. Our results suggest that older regions have higher local richness not simply because older pools are more speciose but also because species have evolved traits that allow them to locally co-occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin R Leopold
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Tadashi Fukami
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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110
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Russo SE, McMahon SM, Detto M, Ledder G, Wright SJ, Condit RS, Davies SJ, Ashton PS, Bunyavejchewin S, Chang-Yang CH, Ediriweera S, Ewango CEN, Fletcher C, Foster RB, Gunatilleke CVS, Gunatilleke IAUN, Hart T, Hsieh CF, Hubbell SP, Itoh A, Kassim AR, Leong YT, Lin YC, Makana JR, Mohamad MB, Ong P, Sugiyama A, Sun IF, Tan S, Thompson J, Yamakura T, Yap SL, Zimmerman JK. The interspecific growth-mortality trade-off is not a general framework for tropical forest community structure. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 5:174-183. [PMID: 33199870 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-01340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Resource allocation within trees is a zero-sum game. Unavoidable trade-offs dictate that allocation to growth-promoting functions curtails other functions, generating a gradient of investment in growth versus survival along which tree species align, known as the interspecific growth-mortality trade-off. This paradigm is widely accepted but not well established. Using demographic data for 1,111 tree species across ten tropical forests, we tested the generality of the growth-mortality trade-off and evaluated its underlying drivers using two species-specific parameters describing resource allocation strategies: tolerance of resource limitation and responsiveness of allocation to resource access. Globally, a canonical growth-mortality trade-off emerged, but the trade-off was strongly observed only in less disturbance-prone forests, which contained diverse resource allocation strategies. Only half of disturbance-prone forests, which lacked tolerant species, exhibited the trade-off. Supported by a theoretical model, our findings raise questions about whether the growth-mortality trade-off is a universally applicable organizing framework for understanding tropical forest community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina E Russo
- School of Biological Science and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Sean M McMahon
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Institute, Washington DC, USA.,Forest Ecology Group, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - Matteo Detto
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Institute, Washington DC, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Glenn Ledder
- Department of Mathematics, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Institute, Washington DC, USA
| | | | - Stuart J Davies
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Institute, Washington DC, USA
| | - Peter S Ashton
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin
- Research Office, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chia-Hao Chang-Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Sisira Ediriweera
- Department of Science and Technology, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, Sri Lanka
| | - Corneille E N Ewango
- Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources Management & Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | | | - C V Savi Gunatilleke
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Terese Hart
- Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba Project, Lukuru Wildlife Research Foundation, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Chang-Fu Hsieh
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Stephen P Hubbell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Akira Itoh
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yao Tze Leong
- Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yi Ching Lin
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jean-Remy Makana
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Mohizah Bt Mohamad
- Forest Department Sarawak, Bangunan Wisma Sumber Alam, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Perry Ong
- Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Anna Sugiyama
- School of Life Sciences, Lyon Arboretum, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - I-Fang Sun
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualian, Taiwan
| | - Sylvester Tan
- Smithsonian ForestGEO, Lambir Hills National Park, Miri, Malaysia
| | - Jill Thompson
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, UK.,Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, PR, USA
| | - Takuo Yamakura
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Jess K Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, PR, USA
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111
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CaraDonna PJ, Burkle LA, Schwarz B, Resasco J, Knight TM, Benadi G, Blüthgen N, Dormann CF, Fang Q, Fründ J, Gauzens B, Kaiser-Bunbury CN, Winfree R, Vázquez DP. Seeing through the static: the temporal dimension of plant-animal mutualistic interactions. Ecol Lett 2020; 24:149-161. [PMID: 33073900 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Most studies of plant-animal mutualistic networks have come from a temporally static perspective. This approach has revealed general patterns in network structure, but limits our ability to understand the ecological and evolutionary processes that shape these networks and to predict the consequences of natural and human-driven disturbance on species interactions. We review the growing literature on temporal dynamics of plant-animal mutualistic networks including pollination, seed dispersal and ant defence mutualisms. We then discuss potential mechanisms underlying such variation in interactions, ranging from behavioural and physiological processes at the finest temporal scales to ecological and evolutionary processes at the broadest. We find that at the finest temporal scales (days, weeks, months) mutualistic interactions are highly dynamic, with considerable variation in network structure. At intermediate scales (years, decades), networks still exhibit high levels of temporal variation, but such variation appears to influence network properties only weakly. At the broadest temporal scales (many decades, centuries and beyond), continued shifts in interactions appear to reshape network structure, leading to dramatic community changes, including loss of species and function. Our review highlights the importance of considering the temporal dimension for understanding the ecology and evolution of complex webs of mutualistic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J CaraDonna
- Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, IL, 60647, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 519, Crested Butte, CO, 81224, USA
- Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Laura A Burkle
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Benjamin Schwarz
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79106, Germany
| | - Julian Resasco
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Tiffany M Knight
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, Halle (Saale), 06108, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Gita Benadi
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79106, Germany
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 3, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
| | - Carsten F Dormann
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79106, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79104, Germany
| | - Qiang Fang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Jochen Fründ
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79106, Germany
| | - Benoit Gauzens
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christopher N Kaiser-Bunbury
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Rachael Winfree
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Diego P Vázquez
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79104, Germany
- Argentine Institute for Dryland Research, CONICET, National University of Cuyo, Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, National University of Cuyo, Padre Jorge Contreras 1300, Mendoza, M5502JMA, Argentina
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112
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Barnagaud J, Geniez P, Cheylan M, Crochet P. Climate overrides the effects of land use on the functional composition and diversity of Mediterranean reptile assemblages. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Yves Barnagaud
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE‐PSL, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Philippe Geniez
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE‐PSL, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Marc Cheylan
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE‐PSL, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Pierre‐André Crochet
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
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113
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The effect of slope aspect on vegetation attributes in a mountainous dry valley, Southwest China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16465. [PMID: 33020576 PMCID: PMC7536199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Slope aspect plays a critical role in influencing vegetation pattern in semiarid area. The dry valleys of the Hengduan Mountains Region, southwestern China, are striking geographical landscape, suffering from severe ecological degradation. Here, we comprehensively investigated how slope aspect affects vegetation attributes in one of these valleys- the dry valley in the upper reaches of Min River. Three sites were selected along the valley and we quantitively examined the vegetation difference between slope aspects at the whole valley scale and each site level. We found significant vegetation differences between slope aspects in species composition, vegetative structure, and biodiversity pattern, which were in accordance with the observed significant difference in soil nutrient. Generally, north-facing slopes are associated with higher biomass, coverage and height, and species diversity than south-facing slopes. We also found between-aspect differences varied among the study sites, resulting in increased biomass, height, and β diversity differences, decreased density and coverage differences, and opposite trend observed in α diversity at relatively wet site. In conclusion, slope aspect had significant effect on vegetation attributes, which was significantly influenced by local climate (aridity) in terms of both strength and direction depending on the specific attributes investigated.
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114
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Best RJ. The evolution of community assembly in marine foundation species. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Best
- School of Earth & Sustainability Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ USA
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115
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Kroll AJ, Springford A, Verschuyl J. Conservation and production responses vary by disturbance intensity in a long-term forest management experiment. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02148. [PMID: 32339366 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reductions in management intensity are often proposed to support a broader range of beneficial ecosystem responses than traditional management approaches. However, few studies evaluate ecosystem responses across approaches. Also, managers lack information about how species traits mediate responses across management approaches, a potentially substantial source of spatial and temporal variation in population and community responses that if ignored may hinder effectiveness of management programs. We used data collected over eight years from a manipulative experiment to test how four forest management strategies influenced avian community composition and wood production. After harvesting, we evaluated responses to three levels of plant cover suppression (Light, Moderate, and Intensive herbicide applications) in relation to a control without herbicide. We predicted the Moderate and Intensive treatments would exert strong negative effects on leaf-gleaning insectivores, including species of conservation concern due to long-term population declines. However, given high forest productivity, we expected temporal duration of effects to be short. Richness of leaf-gleaning bird species was reduced by 20-50% during the first four years post-harvest (when herbicide treatments were on-going), but the effect size declined over the next four years once treatments were completed (13-20% reduction). Effect sizes were substantially smaller for the non-leaf-gleaner group during years 1-4 (19-27%) and disappeared during years 5-8 (2-3%). However, in our final year of observation, we did find an average of five fewer non-leaf-gleaner species on Light vs. Control units. In the last two years of observation, turnover probabilities for the leaf-gleaner species remained higher on all treatments compared to the Control (0.11-0.21), indicating that new species continued to colonize treatments. Planted conifers were 40-44% taller and 74-81% larger in diameter in the Moderate and Intensive treatments compared to the Control, leading to substantial gains in wood biomass. Current practices provided more balance between two ecosystem responses, avian diversity and wood production, compared to less intensive alternatives. When short-term negative effects occur, the spatial distribution of harvesting and regeneration regionally indicates that habitat is often available locally to support leaf-gleaning and non-leaf-gleaning bird populations while releasing other portions of the region for high priority conservation objectives including late-successional forest reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Kroll
- Weyerhaeuser, 785 N 42nd Street, Springfield, Oregon, 97478, USA
| | - Aaron Springford
- Weyerhaeuser, 220 Occidental Avenue S, Seattle, Washington, 98104, USA
| | - Jake Verschuyl
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc., P.O. Box 1259, Anacortes, Washington, 98221, USA
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116
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Jung S, Cho Y. Redefining floristic zones in the Korean Peninsula using high-resolution georeferenced specimen data and self-organizing maps. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:11549-11564. [PMID: 33144983 PMCID: PMC7593177 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biota to analyze the distribution pattern of biogeographic regions is essential to gain a better understanding of the ecological processes that cause biotic differentiation and biodiversity at multiple spatiotemporal scales. Recently, the collection of high-resolution biological distribution data (e.g., specimens) and advances in analytical theory have led to the quantitative analysis and more refined spatial delineation of biogeographic regions. This study was conducted to redefine floristic zones in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and to better understand the eco-evolutionary significance of the spatial distribution patterns. Based on 309,333 distribution data of 2,954 vascular plant species in the Korean Peninsula, we derived floristic zones using self-organizing maps. We compared the characteristics of the derived regions with those of historical floristic zones and ecologically important environmental factors (climate, geology, and geography). In the clustering analysis of the floristic assemblages, four distinct regions were identified, namely, the cold floristic zone (Zone I) in high-altitude regions at the center of the Korean Peninsula, cool floristic zone (Zone II) in high-altitude regions in the south of the Korean Peninsula, warm floristic zone (Zone III) in low-altitude regions in the central and southern parts of the Korean Peninsula, and maritime warm floristic zone (Zone IV) including the volcanic islands Jejudo and Ulleungdo. Totally, 1,099 taxa were common to the four floristic zones. Zone IV showed the highest abundance of specific plants (those found in only one zone), with 404 taxa. Our study improves floristic zone definitions using high-resolution regional biological distribution data. It will help better understand and re-establish regional species diversity. In addition, our study provides key data for hotspot analysis required for the conservation of plant diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhie Jung
- Gwangneung Forest Conservation CenterKorea National ArboretumPocheonKorea
| | - Yong‐chan Cho
- Gwangneung Forest Conservation CenterKorea National ArboretumPocheonKorea
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117
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Broad feeding niches of capelin and sand lance may overlap those of polar cod and other native fish in the eastern Canadian Arctic. Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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118
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Johnson JA, Sharma A, Rajput V, Dubey VK, Sivakumar K. Taxonomic and guild structure of fish assemblages in the streams of Western Himalaya, India. COMMUNITY ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42974-020-00026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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119
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Gamba D, Muchhala N. Global patterns of population genetic differentiation in seed plants. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:3413-3428. [PMID: 32743850 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the factors that drive patterns of population differentiation in plants is critical for understanding several biological processes such as local adaptation and incipient speciation. Previous studies have given conflicting results regarding the significance of pollination mode, seed dispersal mode, mating system, growth form and latitudinal region in shaping patterns of genetic structure, as estimated by FST values, and no study to date has tested their relative importance together across a broad scale. Here, we assembled a 337-species data set for seed plants from publications with data on FST from nuclear markers and species traits, including variables pertaining to the sampling scheme of each study. We used species traits, while accounting for sampling variables, to perform phylogenetic multiple regressions. Results demonstrated that FST values were higher for tropical, mixed-mating, non-woody species pollinated by small insects, indicating greater population differentiation, and lower for temperate, outcrossing trees pollinated by wind. Among the factors we tested, latitudinal region explained the largest portion of variance, followed by pollination mode, mating system and growth form, while seed dispersal mode did not significantly relate to FST . Our analyses provide the most robust and comprehensive evaluation to date of the main ecological factors predicted to drive population differentiation in seed plants, with important implications for understanding the basis of their genetic divergence. Our study supports previous findings showing greater population differentiation in tropical regions and is the first that we are aware of to robustly demonstrate greater population differentiation in species pollinated by small insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gamba
- Biology Department, University of Missouri, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nathan Muchhala
- Biology Department, University of Missouri, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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120
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Can differences between continental and insular habitats influence the parasites communities associated with the endemic frog Haddadus binotatus? J Helminthol 2020; 94:e178. [PMID: 32772953 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x20000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Habitats characterized by geographic isolation such as islands have been studied using different organisms as models for understanding the dynamic and insular patterns of biodiversity. Determinants of parasite richness in insular host populations have been conducted mainly with mammals and birds, showing that parasite richness decreases in insular areas. In the present study, we predicted that the type of environment (insular or continental) can influence the richness, diversity and abundance of parasites associated with the endemic frog Haddadus binotatus (Spix, 1824). We sampled frogs in two insular and two mainland fragments to survey their helminth parasites. The total richness was composed of 15 taxa of Nematoda and two of Acanthocephala, and the community composition of the two islands had more similarities between them than the two mainland localities. The insular effect was positive for richness and abundance of helminths, and no significant effect was observed on helminth diversity - even the mean diversity presented high numbers for the islands. We presumed that insular hosts could have lost some parasites in the colonization process when these continental islands were separated from the mainland, approximately 11,000 years ago. However, the high richness and abundance on islands can be explained by an epidemiological argument, which considers high population density due to insularity and other features of the host as factors that increase parasite transmission success among individuals.
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121
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Simão TLL, Utz LRP, Dias R, Giongo A, Triplett EW, Eizirik E. Remarkably Complex Microbial Community Composition in Bromeliad Tank Waters Revealed by eDNA Metabarcoding. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2020; 67:593-607. [PMID: 32562451 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To investigate patterns of biotic community composition at different spatial scales and biological contexts, we used environmental DNA metabarcoding to characterize eukaryotic and prokaryotic assemblages present in the phytotelmata of three bromeliad species (Aechmea gamosepala, Vriesea friburgensis, and Vriesea platynema) at a single Atlantic Forest site in southern Brazil. We sampled multiple individuals per species and multiple tanks from each individual, totalizing 30 samples. We observed very high levels of diversity in these communities, and remarkable variation across individuals and even among tanks from the same individual. The alpha diversity was higher for prokaryotes than eukaryotes, especially for A. gamosepala and V. platynema samples. Some biotic components appeared to be species-specific, while most of the biota was shared among species, but varied substantially in frequency among samples. Interestingly, V. friburgensis communities (which were sampled at nearby locations) tended to be more heterogeneous across samples, for both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The opposite was true for V. platynema, whose samples were more broadly spaced but whose communities were more similar to each other. Our results indicate that additional attention should be devoted to within-individual heterogeneity when assessing bromeliad phytotelmata biodiversity, and highlight the complexity of the biotic assemblages gathered in these unique habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiz L L Simão
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, prédio 12., Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Laura R P Utz
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aquática, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, prédio 12., Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Raquel Dias
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Translational Institute, 3344 North Torrey Pines Court, Suite 300, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Adriana Giongo
- Instituto do Petróleo e Recursos Naturais, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga 6681, prédio 96J, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Eric W Triplett
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, 1052 Museum Road, P.O. Box 110700, Gainesville, Florida, 32608, USA
| | - Eduardo Eizirik
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, prédio 12., Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Brazil
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122
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α- and β-Diversity Patterns of Macrophytes and Freshwater Fishes are Driven by Different Factors and Processes in Lakes of the Unexplored Southern Balkan Biodiversity Hotspot. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12071984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Disentangling the main drivers of species richness and community composition is a central theme in ecology. Freshwater biodiversity patterns have been poorly explored; yet, it has been shown that different freshwater biota have different, often contrasting responses to environmental gradients. In this study, we investigated the relative contribution of geographical and environmental (habitat-, climate- and water quality-related) factors/gradients in shaping the α- and β-diversity patterns of macrophytes and fish in sixteen natural freshwater lakes of an unexplored Balkan biodiversity hotspot, the Southern Balkan Peninsula. We employed generalized linear modeling to identify drivers of α-diversity, and generalized dissimilarity modeling to explore commonalities and dissimilarities of among-biota β-diversity. Species richness of both biota was significantly associated with lake surface area, whereas macrophytes had an inverse response to altitude, compared to fish. Both species turnover and nestedness significantly contributed to the total β-diversity of macrophytes. In contrast, species turnover was the most significant contributor to the total fish β-diversity. We found that the compositional variation of macrophytes is primarily limited by dispersal and ultimately shaped by environmental drivers, resulting in spatially structured assemblages. Fish communities were primarily shaped by altitude, highlighting the role of species sorting. We conclude that among-biota diversity patterns are shaped by different/contrasting factors, and, thus, effective/sustainable conservation strategies should encompass multiple aquatic biota.
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123
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Gauzere P, Morin X, Violle C, Caspeta I, Ray C, Blonder B. Vacant yet invasible niches in forest community assembly. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gauzere
- School of Life Science Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
- LECAUniversity of Grenoble AlpesUniversity of Savoie Mont BlancCNRS Grenoble France
| | - Xavier Morin
- UMR 5175 CEFE CNRSUniversité de MontpellierUniversité Paul‐Valéry MontpellierEPHEIRD Montpellier France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- UMR 5175 CEFE CNRSUniversité de MontpellierUniversité Paul‐Valéry MontpellierEPHEIRD Montpellier France
| | - Ivanna Caspeta
- School of Life Science Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
| | - Courtenay Ray
- School of Life Science Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | - Benjamin Blonder
- School of Life Science Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley CA USA
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124
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Hernández-Hernández T, Wiens JJ. Why Are There So Many Flowering Plants? A Multiscale Analysis of Plant Diversification. Am Nat 2020; 195:948-963. [DOI: 10.1086/708273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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125
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126
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Boucher FC, Quatela AS, Ellis AG, Verboom GA. Diversification rate vs. diversification density: Decoupled consequences of plant height for diversification of Alooideae in time and space. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233597. [PMID: 32453786 PMCID: PMC7250425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
While biodiversity hotspots are typically identified on the basis of species number per unit area, their exceptional richness is often attributed, either implicitly or explicitly, to high diversification rates. High species concentrations, however, need not reflect rapid diversification, with the diversity of some hotspots accumulating at modest rates over long timespans. Here we explore the relationship between diversification in time vs. diversification in space and develop the concept of diversification density to describe the spatial scale of species accumulation in a clade. We investigate how plant height is associated with both aspects of diversification in Alooideae, a large plant subfamily with its center of diversity in the Greater Cape Floristic Region. We first reconstruct a time-calibrated phylogeny for Alooideae and demonstrate an evolutionary tendency towards reduced plant height. While plant height does not correlate with diversification rate across Alooideae it does so with diversification per unit space: clades of small plants tend to have the highest diversification densities. Furthermore, we find that diversification in time vs. space are uncorrelated. Our results show that diversification rate and density can be decoupled, and suggest that while some biodiversity hotspots might have been generated by high diversification rates, others are the product of high diversification density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian C Boucher
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Quatela
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Allan G Ellis
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
| | - G Anthony Verboom
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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127
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Iop S, Gomes dos Santos T, Zanini Cechin S, Vélez‐Martin E, D. Pillar V, Inácio Prado P. The interplay between local and landscape scales on the density of pond‐dwelling anurans in subtropical grasslands. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Iop
- LAGE at the Department of Ecology Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Sonia Zanini Cechin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Eduardo Vélez‐Martin
- Department of Ecology Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Valério D. Pillar
- Department of Ecology Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Paulo Inácio Prado
- LAGE at the Department of Ecology Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
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128
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Sreekar R, Koh LP, Mammides C, Corlett RT, Dayananda S, Goodale UM, Kotagama SW, Goodale E. Drivers of bird beta diversity in the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot are scale dependent: roles of land use, climate, and distance. Oecologia 2020; 193:801-809. [PMID: 32447456 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the last 50 years, intensive agriculture has replaced large tracts of rainforests. Such changes in land use are driving niche-based ecological processes that determine local community assembly. However, little is known about the relative importance of these anthropogenic niche-based processes, in comparison to climatic niche-based processes and spatial processes such as dispersal limitation. In this study, we use a variation partitioning approach to determine the relative importance of land-use change (ranked value of forest loss), climatic variation (temperature and precipitation), and distance between transects, on bird beta diversity at two different spatial scales within the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot. Our results show that the drivers of local community assembly are scale dependent. At the larger spatial scale, distance was more important than climate and land use for bird species composition, suggesting that dispersal limitation over the Palk Strait, which separates the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, is the main driver of local community assembly. At the smaller scale, climate was more important than land use, suggesting the importance of climatic niches. Therefore, to conserve all species in a biodiversity hotspot, it is important to consider geographic barriers and climatic variation along with land-use change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachakonda Sreekar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Christos Mammides
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Salindra Dayananda
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.,Foundation for Nature Conservation and Preservation, Panadura, 12500, Sri Lanka
| | - Uromi M Goodale
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Sarath W Kotagama
- Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka, Department of Zoology, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Eben Goodale
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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129
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Miyazawa E, Montilla LM, Agudo-Adriani EA, Ascanio A, Mariño-Briceño G, Croquer A. On the importance of spatial scales on beta diversity of coral assemblages: a study from Venezuelan coral reefs. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9082. [PMID: 32411533 PMCID: PMC7204821 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimating variability across spatial scales has been a major issue in ecology because the description of patterns in space is extremely valuable to propose specific hypotheses to unveil key processes behind these patterns. This paper aims to estimate the variability of the coral assemblage structure at different spatial scales in order to determine which scales explain the largest variability on β-diversity. For this, a fully-nested design including a series of hierarchical-random factors encompassing three spatial scales: (1) regions, (2) localities and (3) reefs sites across the Venezuelan territory. The variability among spatial scales was tested with a permutation-based analysis of variance (Permanova) based on Bray-Curtis index. Dispersion in species presence/absence across scales (i.e., β-diversity) was tested with a PermDisp analysis based on Jaccard's index. We found the highest variability in the coral assemblage structure between sites within localities (Pseudo-F = 5.34; p-value = 0.001, CV = 35.10%). We also found that longitude (Canonical corr = 0.867, p = 0.001) is a better predictor of the coral assemblage structure in Venezuela, than latitude (Canonical corr = 0.552, p = 0.021). Largest changes in β-diversity of corals occurred within sites (F = 2.764, df1= 35, df2 = 107, p = 0.045) and within localities (F = 4.438, df1= 6, df2 = 29, p = 0.026). Our results suggest that processes operating at spatial scales of hundreds of meters and hundreds of kilometers might both be critical to shape coral assemblage structure in Venezuela, whereas smaller scales (i.e., hundreds of meters) showed to be highly- important for the species turnover component of β-diversity. This result highlights the importance of creating scale-adapted management actions in Venezuela and likely across the Caribbean region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emy Miyazawa
- Laboratorio de Ecología Experimental, Universidad Simón Bolivar, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Luis M. Montilla
- Laboratorio de Ecología Experimental, Universidad Simón Bolivar, Caracas, Venezuela
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Esteban Alejandro Agudo-Adriani
- Laboratorio de Ecología Experimental, Universidad Simón Bolivar, Caracas, Venezuela
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alfredo Ascanio
- Laboratorio de Ecología Experimental, Universidad Simón Bolivar, Caracas, Venezuela
- Department of Biology, Miami University of Ohio, Oxford, OH, United States of America
| | | | - Aldo Croquer
- Laboratorio de Ecología Experimental, Universidad Simón Bolivar, Caracas, Venezuela
- Centro de Innovación Marina, The Nature Conservancy, Punta Cana, Dominican Republic
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130
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Tinius A, Russell AP, Jamniczky HA, Anderson JS. Ecomorphological associations of scapulocoracoid form in Greater Antillean Anolis lizards. Ann Anat 2020; 231:151527. [PMID: 32380193 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
External morphological metrics have featured prominently in comparative studies examining the morphological convergence that characterizes anoline ecomorphs. To what degree the appendicular-skeletal morphology of Greater Antillean island Anolis lizards tracks their diversity and ecological adaptation, however, remains relatively unexplored. Here we employ computed tomographic scanning techniques to visualize in situ the scapulocoracoid of ecomorph representatives (trunk-ground, trunk-crown, crown-giant, twig) from three islands (Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico), and compare its three-dimensional geometry using qualitative-descriptive and quantitative-morphometric techniques. In contrast to our previous, similarly-conducted study of the pelvic girdle of these same species, the form of the scapulocoracoid varies markedly both within and between species, with much of the variation relating to phylogenetic relationship, specimen size, and assigned ecomorph category. Morphometric variation that correlates with size and/or phylogenetic signal varies between species and cannot be eliminated from the data set without markedly reducing its overall variability. The discovered patterns of skeletal variation are consistent with the demands of locomotor mechanics imposed by the structural configuration of the microhabitat of these ecomorphs. Most pertinently the ecomorphs differ in the anteroposterior length of the coracoid, the dorsoventral height of the scapulocoracoid, the dorsoventral height of the scapula in relation to the height of the suprascapula, and the relative positioning of the borders of the scapulocoracoid fenestra. In the examined ecomorph categories these skeletal differences likely relate to microhabitat usage by permitting different degrees of tilting and displacement of the scapulocoracoid in the parasagittal plane and influencing the sizes of muscle origins and the vectors of their actions. These differences relate to the amount of humeral adduction applied during its protraction, and to the structural stability of the shoulder girdle during acrobatic maneuvers, thus influencing the perch diameter that can be effectively negotiated, a critical factor in the microhabitat structure of Anolis ecomorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tinius
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4.
| | - Anthony P Russell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Heather A Jamniczky
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Jason S Anderson
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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131
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Ellingsen KE, Yoccoz NG, Tveraa T, Frank KT, Johannesen E, Anderson MJ, Dolgov AV, Shackell NL. The rise of a marine generalist predator and the fall of beta diversity. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2897-2907. [PMID: 32181966 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Determining the importance of physical and biological drivers in shaping biodiversity in diverse ecosystems remains a global challenge. Advancements have been made towards this end in large marine ecosystems with several studies suggesting environmental forcing as the primary driver. However, both empirical and theoretical studies point to additional drivers of changes in diversity involving trophic interactions and, in particular, predation. Moreover, a more integrated but less common approach to the assessment of biodiversity changes involves analyses of spatial β diversity, whereas most studies to date assess only changes in species richness (α diversity). Recent research has established that when cod, a dominant generalist predator, was overfished and collapsed in a northwest Atlantic food web, spatial β diversity increased; that is, the spatial structure of the fish assemblage became increasingly heterogeneous. If cod were to recover, would this situation be reversible, given the inherent complexity and non-linear dynamics that typify such systems? A dramatic increase of cod in an ecologically similar large marine ecosystem may provide an answer. Here we show that spatial β diversity of fish assemblages in the Barents Sea decreased with increasing cod abundance, while decadal scale changes in temperature did not play a significant role. These findings indicate a reversibility of the fish assemblage structure in response to changing levels of an apex predator and highlight the frequently overlooked importance of trophic interactions in determining large-scale biodiversity patterns. As increased cod abundance was largely driven by changes in fisheries management, our study also shows that management policies and practices, particularly those involving apex predators, can have a strong effect in shaping spatial diversity patterns, and one should not restrict the focus to effects of climate change alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari E Ellingsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nigel G Yoccoz
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torkild Tveraa
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kenneth T Frank
- Ocean Sciences Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
| | | | - Marti J Anderson
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study (NZIAS), Albany Campus, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrey V Dolgov
- Polar Branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography" ("PINRO" named after N.M. Knipovich), Murmansk, Russia
| | - Nancy L Shackell
- Ocean Sciences Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
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132
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May F, Wiegand T, Huth A, Chase JM. Scale‐dependent effects of conspecific negative density dependence and immigration on biodiversity maintenance. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix May
- Leuphana Univ. Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1 DE‐21335 Lüneburg
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Thorsten Wiegand
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Dept of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Leipzig Germany
| | - Andreas Huth
- Dept of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Leipzig Germany
- Inst. for Environmental Systems Research, Univ. of Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
| | - Jonathan M. Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Inst. of Computer Science, Martin‐Luther Univ. Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
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133
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Dehling DM, Peralta G, Bender IMA, Blendinger PG, Böhning-Gaese K, Muñoz MC, Neuschulz EL, Quitián M, Saavedra F, Santillán V, Schleuning M, Stouffer DB. Similar composition of functional roles in Andean seed-dispersal networks, despite high species and interaction turnover. Ecology 2020; 101:e03028. [PMID: 32112402 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The species composition of local communities varies in space, and its similarity generally decreases with increasing geographic distance between communities, a phenomenon known as distance decay of similarity. It is, however, not known how changes in local species composition affect ecological processes, that is, whether they lead to differences in the local composition of species' functional roles. We studied eight seed-dispersal networks along the South American Andes and compared them with regard to their species composition and their composition of functional roles. We tested (1) if changes in bird species composition lead to changes in the composition of bird functional roles, and (2) if the similarity in species composition and functional-role composition decreased with increasing geographic distance between the networks. We also used cluster analysis to (3) identify bird species with similar roles across all networks based on the similarity in the plants they consume, (i) considering only the species identity of the plants and (ii) considering the functional traits of the plants. Despite strong changes in species composition, the networks along the Andes showed similar composition of functional roles. (1) Changes in species composition generally did not lead to changes in the composition of functional roles. (2) Similarity in species composition, but not functional-role composition, decreased with increasing geographic distance between the networks. (3) The cluster analysis considering the functional traits of plants identified bird species with similar functional roles across all networks. The similarity in functional roles despite the high species turnover suggests that the ecological process of seed dispersal is organized similarly along the Andes, with similar functional roles fulfilled locally by different sets of species. The high species turnover, relative to functional turnover, also indicates that a large number of bird species are needed to maintain the seed-dispersal process along the Andes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Matthias Dehling
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Guadalupe Peralta
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Irene M A Bender
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Instituto de Ecología Regional, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CC34, 4107, Yerba Buena, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Pedro G Blendinger
- Instituto de Ecología Regional, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CC34, 4107, Yerba Buena, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Katrin Böhning-Gaese
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, Frankfurt am Main, 60439, Germany
| | - Marcia C Muñoz
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Programa de Biología, Universidad de la Salle, Carrera 2 # 10-70, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Eike Lena Neuschulz
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marta Quitián
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Francisco Saavedra
- Instituto de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Vinicio Santillán
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniel B Stouffer
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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134
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Lyu Y, Wang X, Luo J. Geographic patterns of insect diversity across China's nature reserves: The roles of niche conservatism and range overlapping. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:3305-3317. [PMID: 32273988 PMCID: PMC7141035 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Insects are the most species-rich clade in the world, but the broad-scale diversity pattern and the potential drivers have not been well documented for the clade as a whole. We aimed to examine the relative roles of contemporary and historical climate, niche conservatism, range overlapping, and other environmental factors on geographic patterns of species richness and phylogenetic structure, for insects across China. LOCATION China. METHODS We collected insect data from 184 nature reserves and examined geographic patterns of species richness and mean root distance (MRD, a metric of the evolutionary development of assemblages) for different biogeographic affinities (Palearctic, Oriental, and widespread species) and for clades originated during the warm and cold geohistorical periods ("warm clades" and "cold clades," respectively). We related richness and MRD to contemporary and historical climate, area, habitat heterogeneity, and human disturbance to evaluate their relative importance. RESULTS Total species richness revealed a hump-shaped latitudinal pattern, peaking between 30°~35°N. Richness patterns differed markedly among evolutionary groups: Oriental species richness decreased significantly with higher latitude but Palearctic species increased, while other groups again peaked between 30°~35°N. The range overlapping of different biogeographic groups in midlatitudes may be an important contributor to humped latitudinal richness patterns. MRD was positively related to latitude and increased more rapidly for "warm clades" than "cold clades." Historical climate factors (especially winter coldness) were among the strongest predictors for both richness and phylogenetic patterns, for each evolutionary group, suggesting the strong influence of niche conservatism. CONCLUSIONS The hump-shaped latitudinal pattern of insect richness in China is mainly shaped by niche conservatism and range overlapping, supplemented by habitat heterogeneity and contemporary climate. The role of niche conservatism and range overlapping may have been overlooked if only total species richness was analyzed, suggesting the importance of examining different evolutionary groups separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Lyu
- College of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiangping Wang
- College of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Juchun Luo
- College of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
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135
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Menezes BS, Martins FR, Dantas Carvalho EC, Souza BC, Silveira AP, Loiola MIB, Araújo FS. Assembly rules in a resource gradient: Competition and abiotic filtering determine the structuring of plant communities in stressful environments. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230097. [PMID: 32168330 PMCID: PMC7069682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative importance of different community assembly mechanisms varies depending on the environment. According to the stress-dominance hypothesis (SDH), assembly mechanisms range from strong abiotic filtering to competition as the environment becomes more favourable. Most evidence for the SDH comes from studies in gradients of conditions (i.e. abiotic environmental factors that influence the functioning of organisms but are not consumed by them). However, we hypothesized that in resource gradients, competition increases as abiotic filtering becomes stronger. To test our hypothesis, we set up eight plots at different sites along an abiotic severity gradient in the Brazilian semi-arid region (BSAR). In each plot, we identified and measured each woody plant species found, and we recorded 11 functional traits of the main species, dividing the traits into alpha (competition effects) and beta (abiotic filtering effects). We investigated the presence of phylogenetic signal in the traits, the community phylogenetic and phenotypic patterns, and associated the variation in these patterns with the availability of water and soil nutrients. We found phylogenetic signal for most (91%) of the traits analysed. The phylogenetic patterns varied from clustered in stressful sites to random or overdispersed in favourable sites, and we concluded that these phylogenetic patterns were the result of historical processes influencing community assembly in different environments in the BSAR. In general, the phenotypic patterns varied from clustered at the most stressful end to random at less stressful sites. Our results show that in resource gradients, any restriction of the resource (hydric or edaphic) intensifies abiotic filtering and, at the same time, increases the competitive hierarchy among species. On the other hand, stochastic processes seem to have a stronger influence under more favourable abiotic conditions, where abiotic filtering and competition are weaker. Thus, we conclude that the SDH is not supported in resource gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Sousa Menezes
- Department of Biology, Science Centre, Federal University of Ceará—UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fernando Roberto Martins
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Cruz Souza
- Department of Biology, Science Centre, Federal University of Ceará—UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisca Soares Araújo
- Department of Biology, Science Centre, Federal University of Ceará—UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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136
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Mapping the dynamics of research networks in ecology and evolution using co-citation analysis (1975–2014). Scientometrics 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-019-03340-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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137
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Brasil LS, Luiza-Andrade A, Calvão LB, Dias-Silva K, Faria APJ, Shimano Y, Oliveira-Junior JMB, Cardoso MN, Juen L. Aquatic insects and their environmental predictors: a scientometric study focused on environmental monitoring in lotic environmental. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:194. [PMID: 32086640 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since early studies about aquatic ecology, it has been found that changes in environmental conditions alter aquatic insect communities. Based on this, the combined study of environmental conditions and aquatic insect communities has become an important tool to monitor and manage freshwater systems. However, there is no consensus about which environmental predictors and facets of diversity are more useful for environmental monitoring. The objective of this work was to conduct a scientometric analysis to identify the main environmental predictors and biological groups used to monitor and manage lotic freshwater systems. We conducted a scientometric study on the Web of Science platform using the following words: stream, river, aquatic insect, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Odonata, Heteroptera, Chironomidae, bioindicator, environmental change, anthropic, and land use. Although most of the environmental predictors employed are local, intrinsic of freshwater systems using local environmental and associated landscape variables is a better strategy to predict aquatic insect communities. The facets of diversity most used are composition and richness of species and genera, which are not efficient at measuring the loss of ecosystem services and extinction of phylogenetic lineages. Although very important, these functional and phylogenetic facets are poorly explored for this purpose. Even though tropical regions are the most diverse globally and are experiencing major losses of native vegetation, these ecosystems are the least studied, a knowledge gap that needs addressing to better understand the effect of anthropogenic activities on the diversity of aquatic insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Schlemmer Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, UFPA/MPEG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, N° 1, Bairro Guamá, Belém, Pará, CEP 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Ana Luiza-Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, UFPA/MPEG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, N° 1, Bairro Guamá, Belém, Pará, CEP 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Lenize Batista Calvão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, UFPA/MPEG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, N° 1, Bairro Guamá, Belém, Pará, CEP 66075-110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia-PPGECO, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, N° 1, Bairro Guamá, Belém, Pará, CEP 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Karina Dias-Silva
- campus de Altamira, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação-PPGBC, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA, Altamira, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Justino Faria
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia-PPGECO, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, N° 1, Bairro Guamá, Belém, Pará, CEP 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Yulie Shimano
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa do Pantanal, campus avançado do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, INPP/MPEG, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, n° 2367-,Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, CEP 78060-900, Brazil
| | - José Max Barbosa Oliveira-Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia-PPGECO, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, N° 1, Bairro Guamá, Belém, Pará, CEP 66075-110, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas (ICTA), Rua Vera Paz, s/n (Unidade Tapajós) Bairro, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, n° 2367-, Bairro Boa Esperança, Salé, Santarém, 68040-255, Brazil
| | - Mylena Neves Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, UFPA/MPEG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, N° 1, Bairro Guamá, Belém, Pará, CEP 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Leandro Juen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, UFPA/MPEG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, N° 1, Bairro Guamá, Belém, Pará, CEP 66075-110, Brazil
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138
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Evolutionary conservation of within-family biodiversity patterns. Nat Commun 2020; 11:882. [PMID: 32060281 PMCID: PMC7021778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The tendency for species to retain their ancestral biological properties has been widely demonstrated, but the effect of phylogenetic constraints when progressing from species to ensemble-level properties requires further assessment. Here we test whether community-level patterns (environmental shifts in local species richness and turnover) are phylogenetically conserved, assessing whether their similarity across different families of lichens, insects, and birds is dictated by the relatedness of these families. We show a significant phylogenetic signal in the shape of the species richness-elevation curve and the decay of community similarity with elevation: closely related families share community patterns within the three major taxa. Phylogenetic influences are partly explained by similarities among families in conserved traits defining body plan and interactions, implying a scaling of phylogenetic effects from the organismal to the community level. Consequently, the phylogenetic signal in community-level patterns informs about how the historical legacy of a taxon and shared responses among related taxa to similar environments contribute to community assembly and diversity patterns.
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139
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Diatom Species Richness in Swiss Springs Increases with Habitat Complexity and Elevation. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12020449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the drivers of species richness gradients is a central challenge of ecological and biodiversity research in freshwater science. Species richness along elevational gradients reveals a great variety of patterns. Here, we investigate elevational changes in species richness and turnover between microhabitats in near-natural spring habitats across Switzerland. Species richness was determined for 175 subsamples from 71 near-natural springs, and Poisson regression was applied between species richness and environmental predictors. Compositional turnover was calculated between the different microhabitats within single springs using the Jaccard index based on observed species and the Chao index based on estimated species numbers. In total, 539 diatom species were identified. Species richness increased monotonically with elevation. Habitat diversity and elevation explaining some of the species richness per site. The Jaccard index for the measured compositional turnover showed a mean similarity of 70% between microhabitats within springs, whereas the Chao index which accounts for sampling artefacts estimated a turnover of only 37%. Thus, the commonly applied method of counting 500 valves led to an undersampling of the rare species and might need to be reconsidered when assessing diatom biodiversity.
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140
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Kennedy JD, Marki PZ, Fjeldså J, Rahbek C. The association between morphological and ecological characters across a global passerine radiation. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:1094-1108. [PMID: 31873967 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Strong relationships between morphological and ecological characters are commonly predicted to reflect the association between form and function, with this hypothesis being well supported in restricted taxonomic and geographical contexts. Conversely, among broader sets of species, ecological variables have been shown to have limited power to explain morphological variation. To understand these apparent discrepancies, for a large and globally distributed passerine radiation, we test whether (a) the character states of four ecological variables (foraging mode, diet, strata and habitat) have different morphological optima, (b) ecological variables explain substantial variance in morphology and (c) ecological character states can be accurately predicted from morphology. We collected 10 linear morphological measurements for 782 species of corvoid passerines, and assessed (a) the fit of models of continuous trait evolution with different morphological optima for each ecological character state, (b) variation in morphological traits among ecological character states using phylogenetically corrected regressions and (c) the accuracy of morphological traits in predicting species-level membership of ecological character states using linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Models of morphological evolution with different ecological optima were well supported across numerous morphological axes, corresponding with significant differences in trait distributions among ecological character states. LDA also showed that membership of the ecological categories can be predicted with relatively high accuracy by morphology. In contrast to these findings, ecological variables explain limited amounts of variation in morphological traits. For a global radiation of passerine birds, we confirm that the generation of morphological variation is generally consistent with ecological selection pressures, but that ecological characters are of limited utility in explaining morphological differences among species. Although selection towards different optima means that membership of ecological character states tend to be well predicted by morphology, the overall morphospace of individual ecological character states tend to be broad, implying that morphology can evolve in multiple ways in response to similar selection pressures. Extensive variation in morphological adaptations among similar ecological strategies is likely to be a widespread phenomenon across the tree of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Kennedy
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Petter Z Marki
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Fjeldså
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Rahbek
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.,Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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141
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Lourenço‐de‐Moraes R, Campos FS, Ferreira RB, Beard KH, Solé M, Llorente GA, Bastos RP. Functional traits explain amphibian distribution in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY 2020; 47:275-287. [PMID: 32336868 PMCID: PMC7166796 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM Species distributions are one of the most important ways to understand how communities interact through macroecological relationships. The functional abilities of a species, such as its plasticity in various environments, can determine its distribution, species richness and beta diversity patterns. In this study, we evaluate how functional traits influence the distribution of amphibians, and hypothesize which functional traits explain the current pattern of amphibian species composition. LOCATION Atlantic Forest, Brazil. TAXON Amphibia (Anura and Gymnophiona). METHODS Using potential distributions of Brazilian amphibians from Atlantic Forest based on their functional traits, we analysed the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on species richness, endemism (with permutation multivariate analysis) and beta diversity components (i.e. total, turnover and nestedness dissimilarities). RESULTS Environmental variables explained 59.5% of species richness, whereas functional traits explained 15.8% of species distribution (geographical species range) for Anuran and 88.8% for Gymnophiona. Body size had the strongest correlation with species distribution. Results showed that species with medium to large body size, and species that are adapted to living in open areas tended to disperse from west to east direction. Current forest changes directly affected beta diversity patterns (i.e. most species adapted to novel environments increase their ranges). Beta diversity partitioning between humid and dry forests showed decreased nestedness and increased turnover by increasing altitude in the south-eastern region of the Atlantic Forest. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that functional traits directly influence the ability of the species to disperse. With the alterations of the natural environment, species more apt to these alterations have dispersed or increased their distribution, which consequently changes community structure. As a result, there are nested species distribution patterns and homogenization of amphibian species composition throughout the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lourenço‐de‐Moraes
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia e Monitoramento Ambiental (PPGEMA)Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)Rio TintoPBBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais (PEA)Universidade Estadual de MaringáMaringáPRBrazil
- Laboratório de Herpetologia e Comportamento AnimalUniversidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaGOBrazil
| | - Felipe S. Campos
- Departament de Biologia EvolutivaEcologia i Ciències AmbientalsFacultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS)Universidade Nova de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Rodrigo B. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Herpetofauna NeotropicalUniversidade Vila VelhaVila VelhaESBrazil
| | - Karen H. Beard
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUTUSA
| | - Mirco Solé
- Departamento de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBABrazil
| | - Gustavo A. Llorente
- Departament de Biologia EvolutivaEcologia i Ciències AmbientalsFacultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Rogério P. Bastos
- Laboratório de Herpetologia e Comportamento AnimalUniversidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaGOBrazil
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142
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Clark DE, Hewitt JE, Pilditch CA, Ellis JI. The development of a national approach to monitoring estuarine health based on multivariate analysis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 150:110602. [PMID: 31740183 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
New Zealand has a complex coastal environment spanning a large latitudinal gradient and three water masses. Here we assess whether multivariate analyses of benthic macrofaunal community composition can be a sensitive approach to assessing relative estuarine health across the country, negating the need for regional indices and reducing reliance on reference sites. Community data were used in separate canonical analyses of principal coordinates to create multivariate models of community responses to gradients in mud content and heavy metal contamination. Both models performed well (R2 = 0.81, 0.71), and were unaffected by regional and estuarine typology differences. The models demonstrate a sensitive and standardized approach to assessing estuarine health that allowed separation of the two stressors. This approach could be applied to other stressors, countries or regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Clark
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand; University of Waikato, Gate 1, Knighton Rd, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.
| | - J E Hewitt
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, PO Box 1115, Hillcrest, Hamilton, 3216, New Zealand
| | - C A Pilditch
- University of Waikato, Gate 1, Knighton Rd, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
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143
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Moresco GA, Bortolini JC, Rodrigues LC, Jati S, Machado Velho LF. A functional deconstructive approach to mixotrophic phytoplankton responds better to local, regional and biogeographic predictors than species. AUSTRAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geovani Arnhold Moresco
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Continentais; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Maringá PR Brazil
| | - Jascieli Carla Bortolini
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Goiás; ICB; Avenida Esperança, s/n 74690-900 Goiânia GO Brazil
| | - Luzia Cleide Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Continentais; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Maringá PR Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia; Ictiologia e Aquicultura; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Avenida Colombo; 5790, Bloco H-90, Sala 23 87020-900 Maringá PR Brazil
| | - Susicley Jati
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia; Ictiologia e Aquicultura; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Avenida Colombo; 5790, Bloco H-90, Sala 23 87020-900 Maringá PR Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Machado Velho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Continentais; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Maringá PR Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia; Ictiologia e Aquicultura; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Avenida Colombo; 5790, Bloco H-90, Sala 23 87020-900 Maringá PR Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias Limpas (PPGTL); Centro Universitário de Maringá; Avenida Guedner, 1610 Maringá 87050-390 Brazil
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144
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Quintero I, Landis MJ. Interdependent Phenotypic and Biogeographic Evolution Driven by Biotic Interactions. Syst Biol 2019; 69:739-755. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syz082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Biotic interactions are hypothesized to be one of the main processes shaping trait and biogeographic evolution during lineage diversification. Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that species with similar ecological requirements either spatially exclude each other, by preventing the colonization of competitors or by driving coexisting populations to extinction, or show niche divergence when in sympatry. However, the extent and generality of the effect of interspecific competition in trait and biogeographic evolution has been limited by a dearth of appropriate process-generating models to directly test the effect of biotic interactions. Here, we formulate a phylogenetic parametric model that allows interdependence between trait and biogeographic evolution, thus enabling a direct test of central hypotheses on how biotic interactions shape these evolutionary processes. We adopt a Bayesian data augmentation approach to estimate the joint posterior distribution of trait histories, range histories, and coevolutionary process parameters under this analytically intractable model. Through simulations, we show that our model is capable of distinguishing alternative scenarios of biotic interactions. We apply our model to the radiation of Darwin’s finches—a classic example of adaptive divergence—and find limited support for in situ trait divergence in beak size, but stronger evidence for convergence in traits such as beak shape and tarsus length and for competitive exclusion throughout their evolutionary history. These findings are more consistent with presympatric, rather than postsympatric, niche divergence. Our modeling framework opens new possibilities for testing more complex hypotheses about the processes underlying lineage diversification. More generally, it provides a robust probabilistic methodology to model correlated evolution of continuous and discrete characters. [Bayesian; biotic interactions; competition; data augmentation; historical biogeography; trait evolution.]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Quintero
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michael J Landis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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145
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Ritter CD, Faurby S, Bennett DJ, Naka LN, Ter Steege H, Zizka A, Haenel Q, Nilsson RH, Antonelli A. The pitfalls of biodiversity proxies: Differences in richness patterns of birds, trees and understudied diversity across Amazonia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19205. [PMID: 31844092 PMCID: PMC6915760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55490-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Most knowledge on biodiversity derives from the study of charismatic macro-organisms, such as birds and trees. However, the diversity of micro-organisms constitutes the majority of all life forms on Earth. Here, we ask if the patterns of richness inferred for macro-organisms are similar for micro-organisms. For this, we barcoded samples of soil, litter and insects from four localities on a west-to-east transect across Amazonia. We quantified richness as Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) in those samples using three molecular markers. We then compared OTU richness with species richness of two relatively well-studied organism groups in Amazonia: trees and birds. We find that OTU richness shows a declining west-to-east diversity gradient that is in agreement with the species richness patterns documented here and previously for birds and trees. These results suggest that most taxonomic groups respond to the same overall diversity gradients at large spatial scales. However, our results show a different pattern of richness in relation to habitat types, suggesting that the idiosyncrasies of each taxonomic group and peculiarities of the local environment frequently override large-scale diversity gradients. Our findings caution against using the diversity distribution of one taxonomic group as an indication of patterns of richness across all groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila D Ritter
- Department of Eukaryotic Microbiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5 S05 R04 H83, D-45141, Essen, Germany. .,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden. .,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Søren Faurby
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Dominic J Bennett
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Luciano N Naka
- Laboratório de Ornitologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Hans Ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Systems Ecology, Free University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Zizka
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Quiterie Haenel
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, CH-4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Henrik Nilsson
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.,Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3AE, Richmond, Surrey, UK
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146
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Native and Invasive Small Mammals in Urban Habitats along the Commercial Axis Connecting Benin and Niger, West Africa. DIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11120238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Based on compiled small mammal trapping data collected over 12 years from Benin and Niger (3701 individual records from 66 sampling sites), located in mainland Africa, we here describe the small mammal community assemblage in urban habitats along the commercial axis connecting the two countries, from the seaport of Cotonou to the Sahelian hinterland, with a particular focus on invasive species. In doing so, we document extant species distributions, which highlight the risks of continuing the range expansion of three synanthropic invasive rodent species, namely black rats (Rattus rattus), brown rats (R. norvegicus), and house mice (Mus musculus). Using various diversity estimates and community ecology approaches, we detect a latitudinal gradient of species richness that significantly decreased Northward. We show that shrews (Crocidura) represent a very important component of micro-mammal fauna in West African towns and villages, especially at lower latitudes. We also demonstrate that invasive and native synanthropic rodents do not distribute randomly in West Africa, which suggests that invasive species dynamics and history differ markedly, and that they involve gradual, as well as human-mediated, long distance dispersal. Patterns of segregation are also observed between native Mastomys natalensis and invasive rats R. rattus and R. norvegicus, suggesting potential native-to-invasive species turn over. Consequences of such processes, especially in terms of public health, are discussed.
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147
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Tosso F, Doucet J, Daïnou K, Fayolle A, Hambuckers A, Doumenge C, Agbazahou H, Stoffelen P, Hardy OJ. Highlighting convergent evolution in morphological traits in response to climatic gradient in African tropical tree species: The case of genus Guibourtia Benn. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:13114-13126. [PMID: 31871633 PMCID: PMC6912925 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive evolution is a major driver of organism diversification, but the links between phenotypic traits and environmental niche remain little documented in tropical trees. Moreover, trait-niche relationships are complex because a correlation between the traits and environmental niches displayed by a sample of species may result from (a) convergent evolution if different environmental conditions have selected different sets of traits, and/or (b) phylogenetic inertia if niche and morphological differences between species are simply function of their phylogenetic divergence, in which case the trait-niche correlation does not imply any direct causal link. Here, we aim to assess the respective roles of phylogenetic inertia and convergent evolution in shaping the differences of botanical traits and environmental niches among congeneric African tree species that evolved in different biomes.This issue was addressed with the tree genus Guibourtia Benn. (Leguminosae and Detarioideae), which contains 13 African species occupying various forest habitat types, from rain forest to dry woodlands, with different climate and soil conditions. To this end, we combined morphological data with ecological niche modelling and used a highly resolved plastid phylogeny of the 13 African Guibourtia species.First, we demonstrated phylogenetic signals in both morphological traits (Mantel test between phylogenetic and morphological distances between species: r = .24, p = .031) and environmental niches (Mantel test between phylogenetic and niche distances between species: r = .23, p = .025). Second, we found a significant correlation between morphology and niche, at least between some of their respective dimensions (Mantel's r = .32, p = .013), even after accounting for phylogenetic inertia (Phylogenetic Independent Contrast: r = .69, p = .018). This correlation occurred between some leaflet and flower traits and solar radiation, relative humidity, precipitations, and temperature range.Our results demonstrate the convergent evolution of some morphological traits in response to climatic factors in congeneric tree species and highlight the action of selective forces, along with neutral ones, in shaping the divergence between congeneric tropical plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félicien Tosso
- Forest is LifeTERRA Teaching and Research CentreGembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology UnitFaculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
- Nature+ asbl, s/c Forest is LifeTERRA Teaching and Research CentreGembloux Agro-Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Jean‐Louis Doucet
- Forest is LifeTERRA Teaching and Research CentreGembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Kasso Daïnou
- Nature+ asbl, s/c Forest is LifeTERRA Teaching and Research CentreGembloux Agro-Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Adeline Fayolle
- Forest is LifeTERRA Teaching and Research CentreGembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | | | - Charles Doumenge
- Centre International de Recherche Agronomique pour le DéveloppementTA C‐105/D, Campus International de BaillarguetMontpellierFrance
| | - Honoré Agbazahou
- Centre International de Recherche Agronomique pour le DéveloppementTA C‐105/D, Campus International de BaillarguetMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Olivier J. Hardy
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology UnitFaculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
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148
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Cazelles K, Bartley T, Guzzo MM, Brice MH, MacDougall AS, Bennett JR, Esch EH, Kadoya T, Kelly J, Matsuzaki SI, Nilsson KA, McCann KS. Homogenization of freshwater lakes: Recent compositional shifts in fish communities are explained by gamefish movement and not climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:4222-4233. [PMID: 31502733 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Globally, lake fish communities are being subjected to a range of scale-dependent anthropogenic pressures, from climate change to eutrophication, and from overexploitation to species introductions. As a consequence, the composition of these communities is being reshuffled, in most cases leading to a surge in taxonomic similarity at the regional scale termed homogenization. The drivers of homogenization remain unclear, which may be a reflection of interactions between various environmental changes. In this study, we investigate two potential drivers of the recent changes in the composition of freshwater fish communities: recreational fishing and climate change. Our results, derived from 524 lakes of Ontario, Canada sampled in two periods (1965-1982 and 2008-2012), demonstrate that the main contributors to homogenization are the dispersal of gamefish species, most of which are large predators. Alternative explanations relating to lake habitat (e.g., area, phosphorus) or variations in climate have limited explanatory power. Our analysis suggests that human-assisted migration is the primary driver of the observed compositional shifts, homogenizing freshwater fish community among Ontario lakes and generating food webs dominated by gamefish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Cazelles
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy Bartley
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew M Guzzo
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Brice
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Ellen H Esch
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Taku Kadoya
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jocelyn Kelly
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Karin A Nilsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kevin S McCann
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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149
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Fung T, Chisholm RA, Anderson-Teixeira K, Bourg N, Brockelman WY, Bunyavejchewin S, Chang-Yang CH, Chitra-Tarak R, Chuyong G, Condit R, Dattaraja HS, Davies SJ, Ewango CEN, Fewless G, Fletcher C, Gunatilleke CVS, Gunatilleke IAUN, Hao Z, Hogan JA, Howe R, Hsieh CF, Kenfack D, Lin Y, Ma K, Makana JR, McMahon S, McShea WJ, Mi X, Nathalang A, Ong PS, Parker G, Rau EP, Shue J, Su SH, Sukumar R, Sun IF, Suresh HS, Tan S, Thomas D, Thompson J, Valencia R, Vallejo MI, Wang X, Wang Y, Wijekoon P, Wolf A, Yap S, Zimmerman J. Temporal population variability in local forest communities has mixed effects on tree species richness across a latitudinal gradient. Ecol Lett 2019; 23:160-171. [PMID: 31698546 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Among the local processes that determine species diversity in ecological communities, fluctuation-dependent mechanisms that are mediated by temporal variability in the abundances of species populations have received significant attention. Higher temporal variability in the abundances of species populations can increase the strength of temporal niche partitioning but can also increase the risk of species extinctions, such that the net effect on species coexistence is not clear. We quantified this temporal population variability for tree species in 21 large forest plots and found much greater variability for higher latitude plots with fewer tree species. A fitted mechanistic model showed that among the forest plots, the net effect of temporal population variability on tree species coexistence was usually negative, but sometimes positive or negligible. Therefore, our results suggest that temporal variability in the abundances of species populations has no clear negative or positive contribution to the latitudinal gradient in tree species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak Fung
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
| | - Ryan A Chisholm
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
| | - Kristina Anderson-Teixeira
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panamá.,Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Norm Bourg
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Warren Y Brockelman
- National Biobank of Thailand, BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin
- Research Office, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Chia-Hao Chang-Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung
| | - Rutuja Chitra-Tarak
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, P.O. Box 1663, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - George Chuyong
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, SWP, Cameroon
| | - Richard Condit
- Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
| | | | - Stuart J Davies
- Smithsonian Institution Global Earth Observatory, Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, 20013, USA
| | | | - Gary Fewless
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Lab Sciences 413, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, 2420 Nicolet Drive, Green Bay, Wisconsin, 54311, USA
| | - Christine Fletcher
- Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109, Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - C V Savitri Gunatilleke
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - I A U Nimal Gunatilleke
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Zhanqing Hao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning
| | - J Aaron Hogan
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Robert Howe
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Lab Sciences 413, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, 2420 Nicolet Drive, Green Bay, Wisconsin, 54311, USA
| | - Chang-Fu Hsieh
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - David Kenfack
- Smithsonian Institution Global Earth Observatory, Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, 20013, USA
| | - YiChing Lin
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung
| | - Keping Ma
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing
| | | | - Sean McMahon
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, P.O. Box 28, Edgewater, Maryland, 21037, USA
| | - William J McShea
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Xiangcheng Mi
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing
| | - Anuttara Nathalang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Perry S Ong
- Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Geoffrey Parker
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, P.O. Box 28, Edgewater, Maryland, 21037, USA
| | - E-Ping Rau
- Master 1 Mention Écologie, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jessica Shue
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, P.O. Box 28, Edgewater, Maryland, 21037, USA
| | - Sheng-Hsin Su
- Forest Management Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei
| | - Raman Sukumar
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.,Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - I-Fang Sun
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien
| | - Hebbalalu S Suresh
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.,Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Sylvester Tan
- Smithsonian Institution Global Earth Observatory, Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, 20013, USA
| | - Duncan Thomas
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Jill Thompson
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 70377, San Juan, PR, 00936-8377, USA.,Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Renato Valencia
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Apartado 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Martha I Vallejo
- Calle 37, Instituto Alexander von Humboldt, Number 8-40 Mezzanine, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Xugao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning
| | - Yunquan Wang
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing
| | - Pushpa Wijekoon
- Faculty of Science, Department of Statistics & Computer Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Amy Wolf
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Lab Sciences 413, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, 2420 Nicolet Drive, Green Bay, Wisconsin, 54311, USA
| | - Sandra Yap
- Institute of Arts and Sciences, Far Eastern University Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jess Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 70377, San Juan, PR, 00936-8377, USA
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Halliday FW, Rohr JR. Measuring the shape of the biodiversity-disease relationship across systems reveals new findings and key gaps. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5032. [PMID: 31695043 PMCID: PMC6834853 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13049-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse host communities commonly inhibit the spread of parasites at small scales. However, the generality of this effect remains controversial. Here, we present the analysis of 205 biodiversity-disease relationships on 67 parasite species to test whether biodiversity-disease relationships are generally nonlinear, moderated by spatial scale, and sensitive to underrepresentation in the literature. Our analysis of the published literature reveals that biodiversity-disease relationships are generally hump-shaped (i.e., nonlinear) and biodiversity generally inhibits disease at local scales, but this effect weakens as spatial scale increases. Spatial scale is, however, related to study design and parasite type, highlighting the need for additional multiscale research. Few studies are unrepresentative of communities at low diversity, but missing data at low diversity from field studies could result in underreporting of amplification effects. Experiments appear to underrepresent high-diversity communities, which could result in underreporting of dilution effects. Despite context dependence, biodiversity loss at local scales appears to increase disease, suggesting that at local scales, biodiversity loss could negatively impact human and wildlife populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fletcher W Halliday
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jason R Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute of Global Health, Environmental Change Initiative, 180 Galvin Life Science Center, University of Notre Dame, 46556, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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