101
|
Abruzzi KC, Gobet C, Naef F, Rosbash M. Comment on "Circadian rhythms in the absence of the clock gene Bmal1". Science 2021; 372:372/6539/eabf0922. [PMID: 33859000 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf0922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ray et al (Reports, 14 February 2020, p. 800) recently claimed temperature-compensated, free-running mRNA oscillations in Bmal1 -/- liver slices and skin fibroblasts. We reanalyzed these data and found far fewer reproducible mRNA oscillations in this genotype. We also note errors and potentially inappropriate analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cédric Gobet
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Felix Naef
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Rosbash
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Ness-Cohn E, Allada R, Braun R. Comment on "Circadian rhythms in the absence of the clock gene Bmal1". Science 2021; 372:eabe9230. [PMID: 33859007 PMCID: PMC9172996 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe9230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Ray et al (Reports, 14 February 2020, p. 800) report apparent transcriptional circadian rhythms in mouse tissues lacking the core clock component BMAL1. To better understand these surprising results, we reanalyzed the associated data. We were unable to reproduce the original findings, nor could we identify reliably cycling genes. We conclude that there is insufficient evidence to support circadian transcriptional rhythms in the absence of Bmal1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elan Ness-Cohn
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ravi Allada
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Rosemary Braun
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Ray S, Valekunja UK, Stangherlin A, Howell SA, Snijders AP, Damodaran G, Reddy AB. Response to Comment on "Circadian rhythms in the absence of the clock gene Bmal1". Science 2021; 372:372/6539/eabf1941. [PMID: 33859003 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abruzzi et al argue that transcriptome oscillations found in our study in the absence of Bmal1 are of low amplitude, statistical significance, and consistency. However, their conclusions rely solely on a different statistical algorithm than we used. We provide statistical measures and additional analyses showing that our original analyses and observations are accurate. Further, we highlight independent lines of evidence indicating Bmal1-independent 24-hour molecular oscillations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Ray
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Utham K Valekunja
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alessandra Stangherlin
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | | | | | - Akhilesh B Reddy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. .,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Kamphuis JBJ, Worrall WPM, Stackowicz J, Mougel A, Mauré E, Conde E, Bruhns P, Guilleminault L, Gaudenzio N, Chen J, Gentek R, Reber LL. Comment on "Tumor-initiating cells establish an IL-33-TGF-β niche signaling loop to promote cancer progression". Science 2021; 372:372/6538/eabf2022. [PMID: 33833094 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Taniguchi et al (Research Articles, 17 July 2020, p. 269) claim that the cytokine interleukin-33 induces accumulation of tumor-associated macrophages expressing the immunoglobulin E receptor FcεRI. Although these findings hold great therapeutic promise, we provide evidence that the anti-FcεRI antibody used in this study is not specific for FcεRI on macrophages, which raises concerns about the validity of some of the conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasper B J Kamphuis
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM U1291, University of Toulouse, CNRS U5282, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - William P M Worrall
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM U1291, University of Toulouse, CNRS U5282, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Stackowicz
- Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, UMR1222 INSERM, 75015 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Mougel
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM U1291, University of Toulouse, CNRS U5282, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Emilie Mauré
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM U1291, University of Toulouse, CNRS U5282, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Eva Conde
- Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, UMR1222 INSERM, 75015 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bruhns
- Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, UMR1222 INSERM, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Guilleminault
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM U1291, University of Toulouse, CNRS U5282, 31024 Toulouse, France.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toulouse University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Gaudenzio
- Unité de Différenciation Epithéliale et Autoimmunité Rhumatoïde (UDEAR), UMR 1056, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 138648 Singapore
| | - Rebecca Gentek
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, UK
| | - Laurent L Reber
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM U1291, University of Toulouse, CNRS U5282, 31024 Toulouse, France. .,Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, UMR1222 INSERM, 75015 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Taniguchi S, Elhance A, Van Duzer A, Kumar S, Leitenberger J, Oshimori N. Response to Comment on "Tumor-initiating cells establish an IL-33-TGF-β niche signaling loop to promote cancer progression". Science 2021; 372:372/6538/eabf3316. [PMID: 33833096 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf3316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Kamphuis et al argue that macrophages accumulated in the proximity of tumor-initiating cells do not express the high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor FcεRIα. Although we cannot exclude the possibility of nonspecific binding of anti-FcεRIα antibody (clone MAR-1), we provide evidence that macrophages in squamous cell carcinomas express FcεRIα and that IL-33 induces FcεRIα expression in bone marrow cell-derived macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Taniguchi
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ajit Elhance
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Avery Van Duzer
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Justin Leitenberger
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Naoki Oshimori
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Parnell AA, De Nobrega AK, Lyons LC. Translating around the clock: Multi-level regulation of post-transcriptional processes by the circadian clock. Cell Signal 2021; 80:109904. [PMID: 33370580 PMCID: PMC8054296 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous circadian clock functions to maintain optimal physiological health through the tissue specific coordination of gene expression and synchronization between tissues of metabolic processes throughout the 24 hour day. Individuals face numerous challenges to circadian function on a daily basis resulting in significant incidences of circadian disorders in the United States and worldwide. Dysfunction of the circadian clock has been implicated in numerous diseases including cancer, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular and hepatic abnormalities, mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The circadian clock regulates molecular, metabolic and physiological processes through rhythmic gene expression via transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. Mounting evidence indicates that post-transcriptional regulation by the circadian clock plays a crucial role in maintaining tissue specific biological rhythms. Circadian regulation affecting RNA stability and localization through RNA processing, mRNA degradation, and RNA availability for translation can result in rhythmic protein synthesis, even when the mRNA transcripts themselves do not exhibit rhythms in abundance. The circadian clock also targets the initiation and elongation steps of translation through multiple pathways. In this review, the influence of the circadian clock across the levels of post-transcriptional, translation, and post-translational modifications are examined using examples from humans to cyanobacteria demonstrating the phylogenetic conservation of circadian regulation. Lastly, we briefly discuss chronotherapies and pharmacological treatments that target circadian function. Understanding the complexity and levels through which the circadian clock regulates molecular and physiological processes is important for future advancement of therapeutic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber A Parnell
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Aliza K De Nobrega
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Lisa C Lyons
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Putker M, Wong DCS, Seinkmane E, Rzechorzek NM, Zeng A, Hoyle NP, Chesham JE, Edwards MD, Feeney KA, Fischer R, Peschel N, Chen K, Vanden Oever M, Edgar RS, Selby CP, Sancar A, O’Neill JS. CRYPTOCHROMES confer robustness, not rhythmicity, to circadian timekeeping. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106745. [PMID: 33491228 PMCID: PMC8013833 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are a pervasive property of mammalian cells, tissues and behaviour, ensuring physiological adaptation to solar time. Models of cellular timekeeping revolve around transcriptional feedback repression, whereby CLOCK and BMAL1 activate the expression of PERIOD (PER) and CRYPTOCHROME (CRY), which in turn repress CLOCK/BMAL1 activity. CRY proteins are therefore considered essential components of the cellular clock mechanism, supported by behavioural arrhythmicity of CRY-deficient (CKO) mice under constant conditions. Challenging this interpretation, we find locomotor rhythms in adult CKO mice under specific environmental conditions and circadian rhythms in cellular PER2 levels when CRY is absent. CRY-less oscillations are variable in their expression and have shorter periods than wild-type controls. Importantly, we find classic circadian hallmarks such as temperature compensation and period determination by CK1δ/ε activity to be maintained. In the absence of CRY-mediated feedback repression and rhythmic Per2 transcription, PER2 protein rhythms are sustained for several cycles, accompanied by circadian variation in protein stability. We suggest that, whereas circadian transcriptional feedback imparts robustness and functionality onto biological clocks, the core timekeeping mechanism is post-translational.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aiwei Zeng
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
| | | | | | - Mathew D Edwards
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
- Present address:
UCL Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and BehaviourLondonUK
| | | | | | | | - Ko‐Fan Chen
- Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Present address:
Department of Genetics and Genome BiologyUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | | | | | - Christopher P Selby
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Aziz Sancar
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
108
|
Xin H, Deng F, Zhou M, Huang R, Ma X, Tian H, Tan Y, Chen X, Deng D, Shui G, Zhang Z, Li MD. A multi-tissue multi-omics analysis reveals distinct kineztics in entrainment of diurnal transcriptomes by inverted feeding. iScience 2021; 24:102335. [PMID: 33889826 PMCID: PMC8050734 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Time of eating synchronizes circadian rhythms of metabolism and physiology. Inverted feeding can uncouple peripheral circadian clocks from the central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. However, system-wide changes of circadian metabolism and physiology entrained to inverted feeding in peripheral tissues remain largely unexplored. Here, we performed a 24-h global profiling of transcripts and metabolites in mouse peripheral tissues to study the transition kinetics during inverted feeding, and revealed distinct kinetics in phase entrainment of diurnal transcriptomes by inverted feeding, which graded from fat tissue (near-completely entrained), liver, kidney, to heart. Phase kinetics of tissue clocks tracked with those of transcriptomes and were gated by light-related cues. Integrated analysis of transcripts and metabolites demonstrated that fatty acid oxidation entrained completely to inverted feeding in heart despite the slow kinetics/resistance of the heart clock to entrainment by feeding. This multi-omics resource defines circadian signatures of inverted feeding in peripheral tissues (www.CircaMetDB.org.cn). A multi-omics analysis of food entrainment in mouse peripheral tissues Inverted feeding rhythm entrains diurnal transcriptomes with distinct kinetics Phase kinetics of tissue clocks is conditioned by constant light Cardiac metabolism entrains to feeding fast with slow kinetics of the heart clock
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Xin
- Department of Cardiology and the Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Meiyu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology and the Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Department of Cardiology and the Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaogen Ma
- Department of Cardiology and the Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - He Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xinghua Chen
- Department of Cardiology and the Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dan Deng
- Department of Cardiology and the Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and the Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Min-Dian Li
- Department of Cardiology and the Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Koronowski KB, Sassone-Corsi P. Communicating clocks shape circadian homeostasis. Science 2021; 371:371/6530/eabd0951. [PMID: 33574181 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd0951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks temporally coordinate physiology and align it with geophysical time, which enables diverse life-forms to anticipate daily environmental cycles. In complex organisms, clock function originates from the molecular oscillator within each cell and builds upward anatomically into an organism-wide system. Recent advances have transformed our understanding of how clocks are connected to achieve coherence across tissues. Circadian misalignment, often imposed in modern society, disrupts coordination among clocks and has been linked to diseases ranging from metabolic syndrome to cancer. Thus, uncovering the physiological circuits whereby biological clocks achieve coherence will inform on both challenges and opportunities in human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Koronowski
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Velingkaar N, Mezhnina V, Poe A, Kondratov RV. Two-meal caloric restriction induces 12-hour rhythms and improves glucose homeostasis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21342. [PMID: 33543540 PMCID: PMC7898832 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002470r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is tightly regulated and disrupting glucose homeostasis is a hallmark of many diseases. Caloric restriction (CR), periodic fasting, and circadian rhythms are interlinked with glucose metabolism. Here, we directly investigated if CR depends on periodic fasting and circadian rhythms to improve glucose metabolism. CR was implemented as two-meals per day (2M-CR), provided at 12-hour intervals, and compared with one meal per day CR, mealtime (MT), and ad libitum (AL) feeding. The 2M-CR impacted the circadian rhythms in blood glucose, metabolic signaling, circadian clock, and glucose metabolism gene expression. 2M-CR significantly reduced around the clock blood glucose and improved glucose tolerance. Twenty-four-hour rhythms in mTOR signaling and gene expression observed under AL, MT, and CR, became 12-hour rhythms in 2M-CR. The 12-hour rhythms in behavior, gene expression, and signaling persisted in fasted mice, implicating some internal regulation. The study highlights that the reduction in caloric intake rather than meal frequency and duration of fasting is essential for metabolic reprograming and improvement in glucose metabolism and provides evidence on food-entrained molecular pacemaker, which can be uncoupled from the light-entrained circadian clock and rhythms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikkhil Velingkaar
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease and Department of Biological Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Volha Mezhnina
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease and Department of Biological Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Allan Poe
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease and Department of Biological Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Roman V Kondratov
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease and Department of Biological Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Sengupta S, Ince L, Sartor F, Borrmann H, Zhuang X, Naik A, Curtis A, McKeating JA. Clocks, Viruses, and Immunity: Lessons for the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Biol Rhythms 2021; 36:23-34. [PMID: 33480287 PMCID: PMC7970201 DOI: 10.1177/0748730420987669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are evolutionarily conserved anticipatory systems that
allow the host to prepare and respond to threats in its environment.
This article summarizes a European Biological Rhythms Society (EBRS)
workshop held in July 2020 to review current knowledge of the
interplay between the circadian clock and viral infections to inform
therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. A large body
of work supports the role of the circadian clock in regulating various
aspects of viral replication, host responses, and associated
pathogenesis. We review the evidence describing the multifaceted role
of the circadian clock, spanning host susceptibility, antiviral
mechanisms, and host resilience. Finally, we define the most pressing
research questions and how our knowledge of chronobiology can inform
key translational research priorities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaon Sengupta
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Louise Ince
- Departement de Pathologie et Immunologie, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Sartor
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helene Borrmann
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amruta Naik
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Annie Curtis
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jane A McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Revealing the hidden reality of the mammalian 12-h ultradian rhythms. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3127-3140. [PMID: 33449146 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biological oscillations often cycle at different harmonics of the 24-h circadian rhythms, a phenomenon we coined "Musica Universalis" in 2017. Like the circadian rhythm, the 12-h oscillation is also evolutionarily conserved, robust, and has recently gained new traction in the field of chronobiology. Originally thought to be regulated by the circadian clock and/or environmental cues, recent new evidences support the notion that the majority of 12-h rhythms are regulated by a distinct and cell-autonomous pacemaker that includes the unfolded protein response (UPR) transcription factor spliced form of XBP1 (XBP1s). 12-h cycle of XBP1s level in turn transcriptionally generates robust 12-h rhythms of gene expression enriched in the central dogma information flow (CEDIF) pathway. Given the regulatory and functional separation of the 12-h and circadian clocks, in this review, we will focus our attention on the mammalian 12-h pacemaker, and discuss our current understanding of its prevalence, evolutionary origin, regulation, and functional roles in both physiological and pathological processes.
Collapse
|
113
|
Ch R, Rey G, Ray S, Jha PK, Driscoll PC, Dos Santos MS, Malik DM, Lach R, Weljie AM, MacRae JI, Valekunja UK, Reddy AB. Rhythmic glucose metabolism regulates the redox circadian clockwork in human red blood cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:377. [PMID: 33452240 PMCID: PMC7810875 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks coordinate mammalian behavior and physiology enabling organisms to anticipate 24-hour cycles. Transcription-translation feedback loops are thought to drive these clocks in most of mammalian cells. However, red blood cells (RBCs), which do not contain a nucleus, and cannot perform transcription or translation, nonetheless exhibit circadian redox rhythms. Here we show human RBCs display circadian regulation of glucose metabolism, which is required to sustain daily redox oscillations. We found daily rhythms of metabolite levels and flux through glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). We show that inhibition of critical enzymes in either pathway abolished 24-hour rhythms in metabolic flux and redox oscillations, and determined that metabolic oscillations are necessary for redox rhythmicity. Furthermore, metabolic flux rhythms also occur in nucleated cells, and persist when the core transcriptional circadian clockwork is absent in Bmal1 knockouts. Thus, we propose that rhythmic glucose metabolism is an integral process in circadian rhythms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratnasekhar Ch
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Guillaume Rey
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Unilabs Genetics Laboratory, 1003, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandipan Ray
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502285, Telangana, India
| | - Pawan K Jha
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Paul C Driscoll
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Dania M Malik
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Radoslaw Lach
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - James I MacRae
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Utham K Valekunja
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Akhilesh B Reddy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA.
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Chronobiology and Sleep institute (CSI), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
McFarlane G, Guatelli-Steinberg D, Loch C, White S, Bayle P, Floyd B, Pitfield R, Mahoney P. An inconstant biorhythm: The changing pace of Retzius periodicity in human permanent teeth. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 175:172-186. [PMID: 33368148 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human tooth enamel retains evidence of growth in the form of Retzius lines. The number of daily growth increments between the regularly occurring lines defines their repeat interval, or periodicity. Retzius periodicity is often incorporated into enamel formation times, age-at-death reconstructions, or used to provide a basis from which to explore an underlying biorhythm. Biological anthropologists typically assume that RP remains constant within an individual and does not vary along the tooth-row. Here, we test that assumption. MATERIALS AND METHODS RP was calculated from n = 223 thin sections of human permanent teeth from individuals of British and southern African origin. Forty individuals provided multiple teeth (n = 102 teeth) and a further 121 individuals each provided a single tooth. RESULTS We report first evidence that RP of permanent teeth does not always remain constant within an individual. Of those individuals that provided multiple teeth, 42% (n = 17/40) demonstrated a decrease in RP along the tooth row, with most shifting by two or more days (n = 11). Across the entire sample, mean RP of anterior teeth was significantly higher than molars. Mean premolar RP tended to be intermediate between anterior teeth and molars. DISCUSSION Our data do not support the assumption that RP invariably remains constant within the permanent teeth of an individual. Transferring RP from molars to incisors within an individual can result in a miscalculation of formation time and age-at-death by up to 1 year. Implications for biological anthropologists and the source of the underlying long period biorhythm are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina McFarlane
- Human Osteology Lab, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg
- Human Osteology Lab, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.,Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Carolina Loch
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Sophie White
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | | | - Bruce Floyd
- School of Social Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rosie Pitfield
- Human Osteology Lab, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Patrick Mahoney
- Human Osteology Lab, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Minami Y, Yoshikawa T, Nagano M, Koinuma S, Morimoto T, Fujioka A, Furukawa K, Ikegami K, Tatemizo A, Egawa K, Tamaru T, Taniguchi T, Shigeyoshi Y. Transgenic rats expressing dominant negative BMAL1 showed circadian clock amplitude reduction and rapid recovery from jet lag. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:1783-1793. [PMID: 33351992 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythms are endogenous rhythms of about 24 h, and are driven by the circadian clock. The clock centre locates in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Light signals from the retina shift the circadian rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, but there is a robust part of the suprachiasmatic nucleus that causes jet lag after an abrupt shift of the environmental lighting condition. To examine the effect of attenuated circadian rhythm on the duration of jet lag, we established a transgenic rat expressing BMAL1 dominant negative form under control by mouse Prnp-based transcriptional regulation cassette [BMAL1 DN (+)]. The transgenic rats became active earlier than controls, just after light offset. Compared to control rats, BMAL1 DN (+) rats showed smaller circadian rhythm amplitudes in both behavioural and Per2 promoter driven luciferase activity rhythms. A light pulse during the night resulted in a larger phase shift of behavioural rhythm. Furthermore, at an abrupt shift of the light-dark cycle, BMAL1 DN (+) rat showed faster entrainment to the new light-dark cycle compared to controls. The circadian rhythm has been regarded as a limit cycle phenomenon, and our results support the hypothesis that modification of the amplitude of the circadian limit cycle leads to alteration in the length of the phase shift.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Minami
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yoshikawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mamoru Nagano
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koinuma
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadamitsu Morimoto
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuko Fujioka
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Furukawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ikegami
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Tatemizo
- Central Research Facilities, Faculty of Medicine Center for Animal Experiment, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Egawa
- Central Research Facilities, Faculty of Medicine Center for Animal Experiment, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Teruya Tamaru
- Department of Physiology and Advanced Research Center for Medical Science, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taizo Taniguchi
- Research Institute for Human Health Science, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Shigeyoshi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Hallmarks of Health. Cell 2020; 184:33-63. [PMID: 33340459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Health is usually defined as the absence of pathology. Here, we endeavor to define health as a compendium of organizational and dynamic features that maintain physiology. The biological causes or hallmarks of health include features of spatial compartmentalization (integrity of barriers and containment of local perturbations), maintenance of homeostasis over time (recycling and turnover, integration of circuitries, and rhythmic oscillations), and an array of adequate responses to stress (homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, and repair and regeneration). Disruption of any of these interlocked features is broadly pathogenic, causing an acute or progressive derailment of the system coupled to the loss of numerous stigmata of health.
Collapse
|
117
|
The mRNA-Binding Protein RBM3 Regulates Activity Patterns and Local Synaptic Translation in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons. J Neurosci 2020; 41:1157-1173. [PMID: 33310754 PMCID: PMC7888222 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0921-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity and the metabolism of the brain change rhythmically during the day/night cycle. Such rhythmicity is also observed in cultured neurons from the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is a critical center in rhythm maintenance. However, this issue has not been extensively studied in cultures from areas less involved in timekeeping, as the hippocampus. Using neurons cultured from the hippocampi of newborn rats (both male and female), we observed significant time-dependent changes in global activity, in synaptic vesicle dynamics, in synapse size, and in synaptic mRNA amounts. A transcriptome analysis of the neurons, performed at different times over 24 h, revealed significant changes only for RNA-binding motif 3 (Rbm3). RBM3 amounts changed, especially in synapses. RBM3 knockdown altered synaptic vesicle dynamics and changed the neuronal activity patterns. This procedure also altered local translation in synapses, albeit it left the global cellular translation unaffected. We conclude that hippocampal cultured neurons can exhibit strong changes in their activity levels over 24 h, in an RBM3-dependent fashion. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This work is important in several ways. First, the discovery of relatively regular activity patterns in hippocampal cultures implies that future studies using this common model will need to take the time parameter into account, to avoid misinterpretation. Second, our work links these changes in activity strongly to RBM3, in a fashion that is independent of the canonical clock mechanisms, which is a very surprising observation. Third, we describe here probably the first molecule (RBM3) whose manipulation affects translation specifically in synapses, and not at the whole-cell level. This is a key finding for the rapidly growing field of local synaptic translation.
Collapse
|
118
|
Xu W, Jain MK, Zhang L. Molecular link between circadian clocks and cardiac function: a network of core clock, slave clock, and effectors. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 57:28-40. [PMID: 33189913 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm has a strong influence on both cardiac physiology and disease in humans. Preclinical studies primarily using tissue-specific transgenic mouse models have contributed to our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the circadian clock in the cardiovascular system. The core clock driven by CLOCK:BMAL1 complex functions as a universal timing machinery that primarily sets the pace in all mammalian cell types. In one specific cell or tissue type, core clock may control a secondary transcriptional oscillator, conceptualized as slave clock, which confers the oscillatory expression of tissue-specific effectors. Here, we discuss a core clock-slave clock-effectors network, which links the molecular clock to cardiac function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Xu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, USA; School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Lilei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Chowdhury D, Wang C, Lu A, Zhu H. Identifying Transcription Factor Combinations to Modulate Circadian Rhythms by Leveraging Virtual Knockouts on Transcription Networks. iScience 2020; 23:101490. [PMID: 32920484 PMCID: PMC7492989 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian circadian systems consist of indigenous, self-sustained 24-h rhythm generators. They comprise many genes, molecules, and regulators. To decode their systematic controls, a robust computational approach was employed. It integrates transcription-factor-occupancy and time-series gene-expression data as input. The model equations were constructed and solved to determine the transcriptional regulatory logics in the mouse transcriptome network. This hypothesizes to explore the underlying mechanisms of combinatorial transcriptional regulations for circadian rhythms in mouse. We reconstructed the quantitative transcriptional-regulatory networks for circadian gene regulation at a dynamic scale. Transcriptional-simulations with virtually knocked-out mutants were performed to estimate their influence on networks. The potential transcriptional-regulators-combinations modulating the circadian rhythms were identified. Of them, CLOCK/CRY1 double knockout preserves the highest modulating capacity. Our quantitative framework offers a quick, robust, and physiologically relevant way to characterize the druggable targets to modulate the circadian rhythms at a dynamic scale effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Chowdhury
- HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chao Wang
- HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hailong Zhu
- HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Ch R, Chevallier O, Elliott CT. Metabolomics reveal circadian control of cellular metabolism. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
121
|
Abstract
Circadian clocks control the function of our immune system, virus replication and the severity of infections. Our daily rhythms also regulate the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of several therapeutics. Consequently, better understanding of the effects of circadian biology on SARS-CoV-2 infection would improve the clinical management of COVID-19. Circadian clocks control our immune system, infections and pharmacokinetics. Ray and Reddy argue that better understanding the effects of circadian biology on SARS-CoV-2 infection would improve COVID-19 management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Ray
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Akhilesh B Reddy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Finger AM, Dibner C, Kramer A. Coupled network of the circadian clocks: a driving force of rhythmic physiology. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2734-2769. [PMID: 32750151 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system is composed of coupled endogenous oscillators that allow living beings, including humans, to anticipate and adapt to daily changes in their environment. In mammals, circadian clocks form a hierarchically organized network with a 'master clock' located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, which ensures entrainment of subsidiary oscillators to environmental cycles. Robust rhythmicity of body clocks is indispensable for temporally coordinating organ functions, and the disruption or misalignment of circadian rhythms caused for instance by modern lifestyle is strongly associated with various widespread diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge about the molecular architecture and system-level organization of mammalian circadian oscillators. Furthermore, we discuss the regulatory roles of peripheral clocks for cell and organ physiology and their implication in the temporal coordination of metabolism in human health and disease. Finally, we summarize methods for assessing circadian rhythmicity in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Marie Finger
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Charna Dibner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Patient Education, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Scrima R, Cela O, Agriesti F, Piccoli C, Tataranni T, Pacelli C, Mazzoccoli G, Capitanio N. Mitochondrial calcium drives clock gene-dependent activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase and of oxidative phosphorylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118815. [PMID: 32763264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of metabolism is emerging as a major output of circadian clock circuitry in mammals. Accordingly, mitochondrial oxidative metabolism undergoes both in vivo and in vitro daily oscillatory activities. In a previous study we showed that both glycolysis and mitochondrial oxygen consumption display a similar time-resolved rhythmic activity in synchronized HepG2 cell cultures, which translates in overall bioenergetic changes as here documented by measurement of the ATP level. Treatment of synchronized cells with specific metabolic inhibitors unveiled pyruvate as a major source of reducing equivalents to the respiratory chain with its oxidation driven by the rhythmic (de)phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Further investigation enabled to causally link the autonomous cadenced mitochondrial respiration to a synchronous increase of the mitochondrial Ca2+. The rhythmic change of the mitochondrial respiration was dampened by inhibitors of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter as well as of the ryanodine receptor Ca2+ channel or the ADPR cyclase, indicating that the mitochondrial Ca2+ influx originated from the ER store, likely at contact sites with the mitochondrial compartment. Notably, blockage of the mitochondrial Ca2+ influx resulted in deregulation of the expression of canonical clock genes such as BMALl1, CLOCK, NR1D1. All together our findings unveil a hitherto unexplored function of Ca2+-mediated signaling in time keeping the mitochondrial metabolism and in its feed-back modulation of the circadian clockwork.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosella Scrima
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Olga Cela
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Francesca Agriesti
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy.
| | - Claudia Piccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Tataranni
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy.
| | - Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, (FG), Italy.
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Mahoney P, McFarlane G, Pitfield R, O'Hara MC, Miszkiewicz JJ, Deter C, Seal H, Guatelli-Steinberg D. A structural biorhythm related to human sexual dimorphism. J Struct Biol 2020; 211:107550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
125
|
Papakyrikos AM, Arora M, Austin C, Boughner JC, Capellini TD, Dingwall HL, Greba Q, Howland JG, Kato A, Wang X, Smith TM. Biological clocks and incremental growth line formation in dentine. J Anat 2020; 237:367-378. [PMID: 32266720 PMCID: PMC7369199 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentine- and enamel-forming cells secrete matrix in consistent rhythmic phases, resulting in the formation of successive microscopic growth lines inside tooth crowns and roots. Experimental studies of various mammals have proven that these lines are laid down in subdaily, daily (circadian), and multidaily rhythms, but it is less clear how these rhythms are initiated and maintained. In 2001, researchers reported that lesioning the so-called master biological clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), halted daily line formation in rat dentine, whereas subdaily lines persisted. More recently, a key clock gene (Bmal1) expressed in the SCN in a circadian manner was also found to be active in dentine- and enamel- secretory cells. To probe these potential neurological and local mechanisms for the production of rhythmic lines in teeth, we reexamined the role of the SCN in growth line formation in Wistar rats and investigated the presence of daily lines in Bmal1 knockout mice (Bmal1-/- ). In contrast to the results of the 2001 study, we found that both daily and subdaily growth lines persisted in rat dentine after complete or partial SCN lesion in the majority of individuals. In mice, after transfer into constant darkness, daily rhythms continued to manifest as incremental lines in the dentine of each Bmal1 genotype (wild-type, Bmal+/- , and Bmal1-/- ). These results affirm that the manifestation of biological rhythms in teeth is a robust phenomenon, imply a more autonomous role of local biological clocks in tooth growth than previously suggested, and underscore the need further to elucidate tissue-specific circadian biology and its role in incremental line formation. Investigations of this nature will strengthen an invaluable system for determining growth rates and calendar ages from mammalian hard tissues, as well as documenting the early lives of fossil hominins and other primates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Papakyrikos
- Department of AnthropologyWellesley CollegeWellesleyMAUSA
- Department of Developmental BiologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public HealthIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public HealthIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Julia C. Boughner
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and PharmacologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
| | | | | | - Quentin Greba
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and PharmacologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
| | - John G. Howland
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and PharmacologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
| | - Akiko Kato
- Department of Human Evolutionary BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Oral AnatomySchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Xiu‐Ping Wang
- Department of Developmental BiologyHarvard School of Dental MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Tanya M. Smith
- Department of Human Evolutionary BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
- Australian Research Centre for Human EvolutionGriffith UniversityNathanQldAustralia
- Griffith Centre for Social and Cultural ResearchGriffith UniversityNathanQldAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Prather AA. Better together: Sleep, circadian genes, and immunity. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:201-202. [PMID: 32272222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aric A Prather
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Basti A, Fior R, Yalҫin M, Póvoa V, Astaburuaga R, Li Y, Naderi J, Godinho Ferreira M, Relógio A. The Core-Clock Gene NR1D1 Impacts Cell Motility In Vitro and Invasiveness in A Zebrafish Xenograft Colon Cancer Model. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040853. [PMID: 32244760 PMCID: PMC7226575 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malfunctions of circadian clock trigger abnormal cellular processes and influence tumorigenesis. Using an in vitro and in vivo xenograft model, we show that circadian clock disruption via the downregulation of the core-clock genes BMAL1, PER2, and NR1D1 impacts the circadian phenotype of MYC, WEE1, and TP53, and affects proliferation, apoptosis, and cell migration. In particular, both our in vitro and in vivo results suggest an impairment of cell motility and a reduction in micrometastasis formation upon knockdown of NR1D1, accompanied by altered expression levels of SNAI1 and CD44. Interestingly we show that differential proliferation and reduced tumour growth in vivo may be due to the additional influence of the host-clock and/or to the 3D tumour architecture. Our results raise new questions concerning host–tumour interaction and show that core-clock genes are involved in key cancer properties, including the regulation of cell migration and invasion by NR1D1 in zebrafish xenografts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Basti
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rita Fior
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Department of Experimental Clinical Research, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Müge Yalҫin
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanda Póvoa
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Department of Experimental Clinical Research, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Rosario Astaburuaga
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yin Li
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Naderi
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Miguel Godinho Ferreira
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Department of Experimental Clinical Research, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, INSERM U 1081, CNRS UMR7284 UNS, Université Côte d’Azur, 06107 Nice, France
- Correspondence: (M.G.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Angela Relógio
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Systems Medicine and Bioinformatics, Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg—University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.G.F.); (A.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Affiliation(s)
- Steven A. Brown
- Chronobiology and Sleep Research Group, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Miho Sato
- Chronobiology and Sleep Research Group, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|