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Nightingale TE, Heneghan NR, Fenton SAM, Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJCS, Jutzeler CR. Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults With a Neurologically-Related Mobility Disability During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Analysis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:699884. [PMID: 34512516 PMCID: PMC8429606 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.699884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: During the coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic various containment strategies were employed. Their impact on individuals with neurological conditions, considered vulnerable to COVID-19 complications, remains to be determined. Objective: To investigate associations between physical activity and health-related quality of life outcomes in individuals with a neurological condition during government mandated COVID-19 restrictions. Methods: An e-survey assessing fear of COVID-19, physical activity level and health-related quality of life outcomes (functional disability and pain, anxiety and depression, loneliness, fatigue, and vitality) was distributed to individuals with a neurologically-related mobility disability living in the United Kingdom. Open-ended questions were also included to contextualize barriers and facilitators to engage in physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gamma-weighted generalized linear models and tree-structured regression models were employed to determine the associations between physical activity and health-related quality of life. Results: Of 199 responses, 69% reported performing less physical activity compared to pre-pandemic. Tree-structured regression models revealed that lower leisure-time physical activity was significantly associated (p ≤ 0.009) with higher depression and fatigue, but lower vitality. The closure of leisure facilities and organized sport (27%) was the most commonly cited barrier to engage in physical activity, while 31% of participants mentioned concerns around their physical and mental health as a facilitator. Conclusion: Our analysis identified homogenous subgroups for depression, fatigue, and vitality based specifically on leisure-time physical activity cut points, irrespective of additional demographic or situational characteristics. Findings highlight the importance of and need to safely promote leisure-time physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic in this at-risk population to help support health-related quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom E Nightingale
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nicola R Heneghan
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sally A M Fenton
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jet J C S Veldhuijzen van Zanten
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine R Jutzeler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Ecublens, Switzerland
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Bingham DD, Daly-Smith A, Hall J, Seims A, Dogra SA, Fairclough SJ, Ajebon M, Kelly B, Hou B, Shire KA, Crossley KL, Mon-Williams M, Wright J, Pickett K, McEachan R, Dickerson J, Barber SE. Covid-19 lockdown: Ethnic differences in children's self-reported physical activity and the importance of leaving the home environment; a longitudinal and cross-sectional study from the Born in Bradford birth cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:117. [PMID: 34488785 PMCID: PMC8419665 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In England, the onset of COVID-19 and a rapidly increasing infection rate resulted in a lockdown (March-June 2020) which placed strict restrictions on movement of the public, including children. Using data collected from children living in a multi-ethnic city with high levels of deprivation, this study aimed to: (1) report children's self-reported physical activity (PA) during the first COVID-19 UK lockdown and identify associated factors; (2) examine changes of children's self-reported PA prior to and during the first UK lockdown. METHODS This study is part of the Born in Bradford (BiB) COVID-19 Research Study. PA (amended Youth Activity Profile), sleep, sedentary behaviours, daily frequency/time/destination/activity when leaving the home, were self-reported by 949 children (9-13 years). A sub-sample (n = 634) also self-reported PA (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children) pre-pandemic (2017-February 2020). Univariate analysis assessed differences in PA between sex and ethnicity groups; multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with children's PA. Differences in children's levels of being sufficiently active prior to and during the lockdown were examined using the McNemar test; and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors explaining change. RESULTS During the pandemic, White British (WB) children were more sufficiently active (34.1%) compared to Pakistani Heritage children (PH) (22.8%) or 'Other' ethnicity children (O) (22.8%). WB children reported leaving the home more frequently and for longer periods than PH and O children. Modifiable variables related to being sufficiently active were frequency, duration, type of activity, and destination away from the home environment. There was a large reduction in children being sufficiently active during the first COVID-19 lockdown (28.9%) compared to pre-pandemic (69.4%). CONCLUSIONS Promoting safe extended periods of PA everyday outdoors is important for all children, in particular for children from ethnic minority groups. Children's PA during the first COVID-19 UK lockdown has drastically reduced from before. Policy and decision makers, and practitioners should consider the findings in order to begin to understand the impact and consequences that COVID-19 has had upon children's PA which is a key and vital behaviour for health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Bingham
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK.
- Faculties of Life Sciences and Health Studies, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.
| | - Andy Daly-Smith
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
- Faculties of Life Sciences and Health Studies, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
- Centre for Applied Education Research, Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Jennifer Hall
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
- Faculties of Life Sciences and Health Studies, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Amanda Seims
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
- Faculties of Life Sciences and Health Studies, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Sufyan A Dogra
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
- Faculties of Life Sciences and Health Studies, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Stuart J Fairclough
- Health Research Institute and Movement Behaviours, Health, and Wellbeing Research Group, Department Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, L39 4QP, UK
| | - Mildred Ajebon
- Department of Health Sciences, SeebohmRowntree Building, University of York, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, York, UK
| | - Brian Kelly
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Bo Hou
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Katy A Shire
- Centre for Applied Education Research, Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
- Department of Health Sciences, SeebohmRowntree Building, University of York, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, York, UK
| | - Kirsty L Crossley
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Mark Mon-Williams
- Centre for Applied Education Research, Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Kate Pickett
- Department of Health Sciences, SeebohmRowntree Building, University of York, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, York, UK
| | - Rosemary McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
- Faculties of Life Sciences and Health Studies, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Josie Dickerson
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Sally E Barber
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
- Faculties of Life Sciences and Health Studies, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
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Antequera A, Lawson DO, Noorduyn SG, Dewidar O, Avey M, Bhutta ZA, Chamberlain C, Ellingwood H, Francis D, Funnell S, Ghogomu E, Greer-Smith R, Horsley T, Juando-Prats C, Jull J, Kristjansson E, Little J, Nicholls SG, Nkangu M, Petticrew M, Rada G, Rizvi A, Shamseer L, Sharp MK, Tufte J, Tugwell P, Verdugo-Paiva F, Wang H, Wang X, Mbuagbaw L, Welch V. Improving Social Justice in COVID-19 Health Research: Interim Guidelines for Reporting Health Equity in Observational Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9357. [PMID: 34501949 PMCID: PMC8431098 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the global imperative to address health inequities. Observational studies are a valuable source of evidence for real-world effects and impacts of implementing COVID-19 policies on the redistribution of inequities. We assembled a diverse global multi-disciplinary team to develop interim guidance for improving transparency in reporting health equity in COVID-19 observational studies. We identified 14 areas in the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) checklist that need additional detail to encourage transparent reporting of health equity. We searched for examples of COVID-19 observational studies that analysed and reported health equity analysis across one or more social determinants of health. We engaged with Indigenous stakeholders and others groups experiencing health inequities to co-produce this guidance and to bring an intersectional lens. Taking health equity and social determinants of health into account contributes to the clinical and epidemiological understanding of the disease, identifying specific needs and supporting decision-making processes. Stakeholders are encouraged to consider using this guidance on observational research to help provide evidence to close the inequitable gaps in health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Antequera
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daeria O. Lawson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (D.O.L.); (S.G.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Stephen G. Noorduyn
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (D.O.L.); (S.G.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Omar Dewidar
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada; (O.D.); (T.H.); (J.L.); (M.N.); (P.T.); (V.W.)
| | - Marc Avey
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada;
| | - Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada;
- Institute for Global Health & Development, The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Catherine Chamberlain
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
- Ngangk Yira Research Centre for Aboriginal Health and Social Equity, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Holly Ellingwood
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
- Public Safety, Ottawa, ON K1A 0P8, Canada
| | - Damian Francis
- Center for Health and Social Issues, School of Health and Human Performance, Georgia College, Milledgville, GA 31061, USA;
| | - Sarah Funnell
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3G2, Canada;
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Ghogomu
- Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 5C8, Canada;
| | - Regina Greer-Smith
- Healthcare Research Associates, LLC/The S.T.A.R. Initiative, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Tanya Horsley
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada; (O.D.); (T.H.); (J.L.); (M.N.); (P.T.); (V.W.)
- Research Unit, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1S 5N8, Canada
| | - Clara Juando-Prats
- Applied Health Research Center, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada;
- Dalla School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Janet Jull
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (J.J.); (A.R.)
| | - Elizabeth Kristjansson
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Julian Little
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada; (O.D.); (T.H.); (J.L.); (M.N.); (P.T.); (V.W.)
| | - Stuart G. Nicholls
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
| | - Miriam Nkangu
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada; (O.D.); (T.H.); (J.L.); (M.N.); (P.T.); (V.W.)
| | - Mark Petticrew
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK;
| | - Gabriel Rada
- Epistemonikos Foundation, Santiago 7510299, Chile; (G.R.); (F.V.-P.)
- UC Evidence Center, Cochrane Chile Associated Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago Región Metropolitana, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Anita Rizvi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (J.J.); (A.R.)
| | - Larissa Shamseer
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada;
| | - Melissa K. Sharp
- Health Research Board Centre for Primary Care Research, Department of General Practice, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin DO2 H638, Ireland;
| | | | - Peter Tugwell
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada; (O.D.); (T.H.); (J.L.); (M.N.); (P.T.); (V.W.)
- Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 5C8, Canada;
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
| | - Francisca Verdugo-Paiva
- Epistemonikos Foundation, Santiago 7510299, Chile; (G.R.); (F.V.-P.)
- UC Evidence Center, Cochrane Chile Associated Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago Región Metropolitana, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Harry Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
| | - Lawrence Mbuagbaw
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (D.O.L.); (S.G.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Vivian Welch
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada; (O.D.); (T.H.); (J.L.); (M.N.); (P.T.); (V.W.)
- Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 5C8, Canada;
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Ahmad MS, Hicks SR, Watson R, Ahmed RA, Jones L, Vaselli M, Wu MS, Hayat F, Ratcliffe L, McKenna M, Hine P, Defres S, Wingfield T. A patient satisfaction survey and educational package to improve the care of people hospitalised with COVID-19: a quality improvement project, Liverpool, UK. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:222. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17163.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The perspectives and experiences of people hospitalised with COVID-19 have been under-reported during the coronavirus pandemic. We developed and conducted a COVID-19 patient satisfaction survey in a large university-affiliated secondary healthcare centre in Liverpool, UK, during Europe’s first coronavirus wave (April-June 2020). The survey found that care was rated highly, including among people of Black Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) background. However, sleep-quality and communication about medications and discharge-planning were identified as areas for improvement. Methods: To improve care for people with COVID-19 admitted to our centre, we designed an educational package for healthcare professionals working on COVID-19 wards. The package, implemented in August 2020, included healthcare worker training sessions on providing holistic care and placement of “Practice Pointers” posters. Patient satisfaction was re-evaluated during the second/third COVID-19 waves in Liverpool (September 2020 - February 2021). Results: Across waves, most (95%) respondents reported that they would recommend our hospital to friends and/or family and rated overall care highly. Comparison of the responses of second/third-wave respondents (n=101) with first-wave respondents (n=94) suggested improved patient satisfaction across most care domains but especially those related to having worries and fears addressed and being consulted about medications and their side-effects. Conclusions: People admitted with COVID-19 to our centre in Liverpool, including those from BAME background, rated the care they received highly. A simple education package improved the feedback on care received by respondents between the first and second/third waves. These UK-first findings are informing regional strategies to improve person-centred care of hospitalised people with COVID-19.
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105
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Ryus CR, Yang D, Tsai J, Meldrum J, Ngaruiya C. Using community-based participatory research methods to inform care for patients experiencing homelessness: An opportunity for resident education on health care disparities. AEM EDUCATION AND TRAINING 2021; 5:S121-S125. [PMID: 34616985 PMCID: PMC8480493 DOI: 10.1002/aet2.10681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
People experiencing homelessness (PEH) suffer higher burdens of chronic illnesses, have higher rates of emergency medicine (ED) use and hospitalization, and ultimately are at increased risk for premature death compared to housed counterparts. Structural racism contributes to a disproportionate burden of homelessness among people of color. PEH experience not only significant medical concerns but also complex social needs that need to be addressed concurrently for effective healing, issues that have been magnified by the COVID-19 pandemic. As health disparities and structural racism intersect among PEH, it is critically important to develop PEH-centered interventions to improve care and health outcomes as part of an effort to dismantle racism. One opportunity to address these disparities in care for PEH is through training ED physicians on methods for identifying and intervening on the unique needs of vulnerable patient groups. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has outlined health quality pathways in the clinical learning environment to address health disparities. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is particularly well suited for this scenario as it allows experiential learning for trainees to work with and understand a diverse group of stakeholders, to deepen their knowledge of local health disparities, and to lead research and measure outcomes of interventions to tackle health disparities. In this paper, we highlight the utility of CBPR in fostering experiential learning for EM residents on tackling health disparities and the importance of community collaboration in trainee-led interventions for comprehensive ED care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin R. Ryus
- Department of Emergency MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - David Yang
- Department of Emergency MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Jennifer Tsai
- Department of Emergency MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Jonathan Meldrum
- Department of Emergency MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Christine Ngaruiya
- Department of Emergency MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
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Mohammed FS, Farooqi YN, Mohammed S. The Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 3 -rs12252 Allele May Predict COVID-19 Severity Among Ethnic Minorities. Front Genet 2021; 12:692254. [PMID: 34434219 PMCID: PMC8380955 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.692254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fahad S Mohammed
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Suneel Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, Carolinas HealthCare System - Blue Ridge, Morganton, NC, United States
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Abdulah DM. Prevalence and correlates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the general public in Iraqi Kurdistan: A cross-sectional study. J Med Virol 2021; 93:6722-6731. [PMID: 34347294 PMCID: PMC8427006 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Low vaccine acceptance is a major barrier to vaccination coverage in every health system. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and associated factors of the COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy in a sample of the general population in Iraqi Kurdistan. The general population with both genders with different educational levels and sociodemographic characteristics from the Duhok governorate was eligible to participate in this cross‐sectional study in 2021. Therefore, an online Google form was sent to main pages and social groups through two main social media platforms. To obtain a representative sample of individuals with different educational levels, the author visited the main shopping center in Duhok city to collect the information from illiterate and low‐level education individuals. The study found that 83.5% (n = 773) of the participants have not received and 51.4% (n = 476) did not intend to receive the COVID‐19 vaccine. A small percentage has not decided to receive a COVID‐19 vaccine yet (n = 17, 1.8%). The intention to receive a COVID‐19 vaccine was increased with increasing level of education; 25.9%, 26.7%, 39.8%, and 53.6% in illiterate, under high school, high school, and college and higher, respectively (p < 0.0001). Healthcare workers were more likely to intend to receive a COVID‐19, 57.5% vs 40.1%, p < 0.0001. Individuals who had concerns about the side effects of a COVID‐19 vaccine were more likely to not receive and not intend to receive the COVID‐19 vaccine. Prevalence of COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy was high in this region and was correlated with lower education and concerns about side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deldar Morad Abdulah
- Community and Maternity Health Unit, College of Nursing, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraqi Kurdistan, Iraq
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109
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Local Government Approaches to Combating COVID-19 Inequities: A Durham County Department of Public Health Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126544. [PMID: 34206993 PMCID: PMC8296331 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
When a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) made major headlines in 2020, it further exposed an existing public health crisis related to inequities within our communities and health care delivery system. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, populations of color had higher infection and mortality rates, and even experienced greater disease severity compared to whites. Populations of color often bear the brunt of COVID-19 and other health inequities, due to the multifaceted relationship between systemic racism and the social determinants of health. As this relationship continues to perpetuate health inequities, the local health department is an agency that has the jurisdiction and responsibility to prevent disease and protect the health of the communities they serve. When equity is integrated into a health department’s operational infrastructure as a disease prevention strategy, it can elevate the agency’s response to public health emergencies. Collecting, reporting, and tracking demographic data that is necessary to identify inequities becomes a priority to facilitate a more robust public health response. The purpose of this paper is to present strategies of how a local health department operationalized equity in various stages of COVID-19 response and apply these methods to future public health emergencies to better serve vulnerable communities.
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Kayı İ, Madran B, Keske Ş, Karanfil Ö, Arribas JR, Psheniсhnaya N, Petrosillo N, Gönen M, Ergönül Ö. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among health care workers before the era of vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 27:1242-1249. [PMID: 34116205 PMCID: PMC8186944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care workers (HCWs) provides information about the spread of COVID-19 within health care facilities, and the risk groups. OBJECTIVES We aimed to describe the rate of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and its determinants among HCWs. DATA SOURCES We used Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, EBSCOhost and Cochrane Library. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included the reports of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence with a sample size of minimum 1000 HCWs. METHODS The study was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, no. CRD42021230456). We used PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. The keywords were "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "Coronavirus", "seroprevalence", "health care workers" and "risk factors". RESULTS In total 4329 reports were retrieved, duplications were removed; after filtering according to the title and abstract, 25 studies were selected. Risk of bias was assessed in 25 studies; it was low in 13 studies, medium in four studies, and high in eight studies. In meta-analysis using the random effect model, the weighted average of seroprevalence was calculated as 8% (95% CI 6-10%). The pooled seroprevalence rates of the selected variables that have a rate above the average were male HCWs with 9% (95% CI 7-11%); HCWs from ethnic minorities with 13% (95% CI 9-17%); high exposure 9% (95% CI 6-13%); exposure to the virus outside the health care setting 22% (95% CI 14-32%). CONCLUSIONS Our analysis indicates a SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence rate of 8% among studies that included >1000 HCWs for the year 2020, before vaccinations started. The most common risk factors associated with higher seroprevalence rate were ethnicity, male gender and having a higher number of household contacts. Working as a frontline HCW was inconsistent in its association with higher seroprevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlker Kayı
- Koç University, School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Madran
- Koç University, School of Nursing, Department of Public Health, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şiran Keske
- Koç University İş Bank Research Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID), Istanbul, Turkey; Koç University, School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özge Karanfil
- Koç University, College of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Department of Operations Management, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jose Ramon Arribas
- La Paz Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Psheniсhnaya
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Clinical Department of Infectious Pathology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nicola Petrosillo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani', IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mehmet Gönen
- Koç University İş Bank Research Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID), Istanbul, Turkey; Koç University, College of Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Önder Ergönül
- Koç University İş Bank Research Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID), Istanbul, Turkey; Koç University, School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
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111
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Caspi G, Dayan A, Eshal Y, Liverant-Taub S, Twig G, Shalit U, Lewis Y, Shina A, Caspi O. Socioeconomic disparities and COVID-19 vaccination acceptance: a nationwide ecologic study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 27:1502-1506. [PMID: 34111591 PMCID: PMC8183100 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective To analyse the correlation between COVID-19 vaccination percentage and socioeconomic status (SES). Methods A nationwide ecologic study based on open-sourced, anonymized, aggregated data provided by the Israel Ministry of Health. The correlations between municipal SES, vaccination percentage and active COVID-19 cases during the vaccination campaign were analysed by using weighted Pearson correlations. To assess the adequacy of first dose vaccination rollout relative to the municipality COVID-19 disease burden, a metric termed the vaccination need ratio was devised by dividing the total number of active cases (per 10 000 people) by the vaccination percentage of the population over 60 in each municipality, and its correlation with the SES was examined. Results 23 days after initiation of the vaccination campaign, 760 916 (56.8%) individuals over the age of 60 were vaccinated in Israel with the first dose of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine. A negative correlation was found between the COVID-19 active case burden and the vaccination percentage of the study population in each municipality (r = –0.47, 95% CI –0.59 to –0.30). The vaccination percentage significantly correlated with the municipal SES (r = 0.83, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.87). This finding persisted but was attenuated over a 5-week period. A negative correlation between the vaccination need ratio and municipal SES (r = –0.80, 95% CI –0.88 to –0.66) was found. Discussion Lower COVID-19 vaccination percentage was associated with lower SES and high active disease burden. Vaccination efforts should focus on areas with lower SES and high disease burden to assure equality of vaccine allocation and potentially provide a more diligent disease mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Caspi
- The Faculty of Electrical Engineering the Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Avshalom Dayan
- The B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yael Eshal
- The B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sigal Liverant-Taub
- Division of General Medicine, Medical Directorate, Israel Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gilad Twig
- The Israeli Defense Forces Medical Corps, Israel; The Dr Pinchas Bornstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Institute of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Department of Military Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Uri Shalit
- The Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Avi Shina
- The Israeli Defense Forces Medical Corps, Israel; The Dr Pinchas Bornstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Military Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Oren Caspi
- The B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel; The Department of Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
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112
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Razai MS, Oakeshott P, Esmail A, Wiysonge CS, Viswanath K, Mills MC. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: the five Cs to tackle behavioural and sociodemographic factors. J R Soc Med 2021; 114:295-298. [PMID: 34077688 PMCID: PMC8209756 DOI: 10.1177/01410768211018951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Razai
- Population Health Research Institute, St
George University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Pippa Oakeshott
- Population Health Research Institute, St
George University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Aneez Esmail
- School of Primary Care Research, National
Institute for Health Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Charles Shey Wiysonge
- South African Medical Research; and Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch,7505, South
Africa
| | - Kasisomayajula Viswanath
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences,
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (HSPH), Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
02215, USA
| | - Melinda C Mills
- Department of Sociology, University of Oxford
and Nuffield College, Oxford, OX1 1NF, UK
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113
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Ng A. Mapping the unmappable? Epidemiology of pancreatic adenocarcinoma of varying onset: In response to Ramai et al.: Early- and late-onset pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A population-based comparative study. Pancreatology 2021; 21:837-838. [PMID: 33865723 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ng
- University College London, 4-8 Endsleigh Gardens, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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114
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Deal A, Hayward SE, Huda M, Knights F, Crawshaw AF, Carter J, Hassan OB, Farah Y, Ciftci Y, Rowland-Pomp M, Rustage K, Goldsmith L, Hartmann M, Mounier-Jack S, Burns R, Miller A, Wurie F, Campos-Matos I, Majeed A, Hargreaves S. Strategies and action points to ensure equitable uptake of COVID-19 vaccinations: A national qualitative interview study to explore the views of undocumented migrants, asylum seekers, and refugees. J Migr Health 2021; 4:100050. [PMID: 34075367 PMCID: PMC8154190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2021.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early evidence confirms lower COVID-19 vaccine uptake in established ethnic minority populations, yet there has been little focus on understanding vaccine hesitancy and barriers to vaccination in migrants. Growing populations of precarious migrants (including undocumented migrants, asylum seekers and refugees) in the UK and Europe are considered to be under-immunised groups and may be excluded from health systems, yet little is known about their views on COVID-19 vaccines specifically, which are essential to identify key solutions and action points to strengthen vaccine roll-out. METHODS We did an in-depth semi-structured qualitative interview study of recently arrived migrants (foreign-born, >18 years old; <10 years in the UK) to the UK with precarious immigration status between September 2020 and March 2021, seeking their input into strategies to strengthen COVID-19 vaccine delivery and uptake. We used the 'Three Cs' model (confidence, complacency and convenience) to explore COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, barriers and access. Data were analysed using a thematic framework approach. Data collection continued until data saturation was reached, and no novel concepts were arising. The study was approved by the University of London ethics committee (REC 2020.00630). RESULTS We approached 20 migrant support groups nationwide, recruiting 32 migrants (mean age 37.1 years; 21 [66%] female; mean time in the UK 5.6 years [SD 3.7 years]), including refugees (n = 3), asylum seekers (n = 19), undocumented migrants (n = 8) and migrants with limited leave to remain (n = 2) from 15 different countries (5 WHO regions). 23 (72%) of 32 migrants reported being hesitant about accepting a COVID-19 vaccine and two (6%) would definitely not accept a vaccine. Participants communicated concerns over vaccine content, side-effects, lack of accessible information in an appropriate language, lack of trust in the health system and low perceived need. A range of barriers to accessing the COVID-19 vaccine were reported and concerns expressed that their communities would be excluded from or de-prioritised in the roll-out. Undocumented migrants described fears over being charged and facing immigration checks if they present for a vaccine. Participants (n = 10) interviewed after recent government announcements that COVID-19 vaccines can be accessed without facing immigration checks remained unaware of this. Participants stated that convenience of access would be a key factor in their decision around whether to accept a vaccine and proposed alternative access points to primary care services (for example, walk-in centres in trusted places such as foodbanks, community centres and charities), alongside promoting registration with primary care for all, and working closely with communities to produce accessible information on COVID-19 vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Precarious migrants may be hesitant about accepting a COVID-19 vaccine and face multiple and unique barriers to access, requiring simple but innovative solutions to ensure equitable access and uptake. Vaccine hesitancy and low awareness around entitlement and relevant access points could be easily addressed with clear, accessible, and tailored information campaigns, co-produced and delivered by trusted sources within marginalised migrant communities. These findings have immediate relevance to the COVID-19 vaccination initiatives in the UK and in other European and high-income countries with diverse migrant populations. FUNDING NIHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Deal
- The Migrant Health Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, UK
- Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sally E Hayward
- The Migrant Health Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, UK
- Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mashal Huda
- The Migrant Health Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, UK
| | - Felicity Knights
- The Migrant Health Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, UK
| | - Alison F Crawshaw
- The Migrant Health Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, UK
| | - Jessica Carter
- The Migrant Health Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, UK
| | - Osama B Hassan
- The Migrant Health Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, UK
| | - Yasmin Farah
- The Migrant Health Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, UK
| | - Yusuf Ciftci
- Doctors of the World UK (Médecins du Monde), London, UK
| | - May Rowland-Pomp
- The Migrant Health Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, UK
| | - Kieran Rustage
- The Migrant Health Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, UK
| | - Lucy Goldsmith
- The Migrant Health Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, UK
| | | | - Sandra Mounier-Jack
- Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rachel Burns
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK
| | - Anna Miller
- Doctors of the World UK (Médecins du Monde), London, UK
| | - Fatima Wurie
- Health Improvement Directorate, Public Health England, London, UK
| | | | - Azeem Majeed
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sally Hargreaves
- The Migrant Health Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, UK
| | - on behalf of the ESCMID Study Group for Infections in Travellers and Migrants (ESGITM)
- The Migrant Health Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, UK
- Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Doctors of the World UK (Médecins du Monde), London, UK
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK
- Health Improvement Directorate, Public Health England, London, UK
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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115
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Bhopal RS. Structural racism hide and seek: only one of five official UK reports on health has found structural racism. BMJ 2021; 373:n1340. [PMID: 34039557 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raj S Bhopal
- Usher Institute, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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116
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Affiliation(s)
- George Penty
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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117
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Razai
- Population Health Research Institute, St George University of London, London, UK
| | - Umar A R Chaudhry
- Population Health Research Institute, St George University of London, London, UK
| | - Katja Doerholt
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Linda Bauld
- Usher Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Azeem Majeed
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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118
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Thomas A, Danon L, Christensen H, Northstone K, Smith D, Nixon E, Trickey A, Hemani G, Sauchelli S, Finn A, Timpson N, Brooks-Pollock E. Limits of lockdown: characterising essential contacts during strict physical distancing. Wellcome Open Res 2021. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16785.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has exposed health inequalities within countries and globally. The fundamental determining factor behind an individual’s risk of infection is the number of social contacts they make. In many countries, physical distancing measures have been implemented to control transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), reducing social contacts to a minimum. We characterise social contacts to understand the drivers and inequalities behind differential risks for aiding in planning SARS-CoV-2 mitigation programmes. Methods: We utilised an existing longitudinal birth cohort (n=6807) to explore social contact patterns and behaviours when strict physical distancing measures were in place during the UK’s first lockdown in March-May 2020. We used an online questionnaire to capture information on participant contact patterns, health, SARS-CoV-2 exposure, behaviours and impacts resulting from COVID-19. We quantified daily contacts and examined the association between covariates and numbers of daily total contacts using a negative binomial regression model. Results: A daily average of 3.7 [standard deviation = 10.6] total contacts outside the household were reported. Essential workers, specifically those in healthcare, had 4.5 times as many contacts as non-essential workers [incident rate ratio = 4.42 (95% CI: 3.88–5.04)], whilst essential workers in other sectors, mainly teaching and the police force had three times as many contacts [IRR = 2.84 (2.58–3.13)]. The number of individuals in a household, which largely reflects number of children, increases essential social contacts by 40%. Self-isolation effectively reduces numbers of contacts outside of the home, but not entirely. Conclusions: Contextualising contact patterns has highlighted the health inequalities exposed by COVID-19, as well as potential sources of infection risk and transmission. Together, these findings will aid the interpretation of epidemiological data and impact the design of effective control strategies for SARS-CoV-2, such as vaccination, testing and contact tracing.
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119
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Crisis and Continuation: The Digital Relocation of Jain Socio-Religious Praxis during the COVID-19 Pandemic. RELIGIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rel12050342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In early 2020, Jain diaspora communities and organizations that had been painstakingly built over the past decades were faced with the far-reaching consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and its concomitant restrictions. With the possibility of regular face-to-face contact and participation in recurring events—praying, eating, learning, and meditating together—severely limited in most places, organizations were compelled to make a choice. They either had to suspend their activities, leaving members to organize their religious activities on an individual or household basis, or pursue the continuation of some of their habitual activities in an online format, relying on their members’ motivation and technical skills. This study will explore how many Jain organizations in London took to digital media in its different forms to continue to engage with their members throughout 2020. Looking at a selection of websites and social media channels, it will examine online discourses that reveal the social and mental impact of the pandemic on Jains and the broader community, explore the relocation of activities to the digital realm, and assess participation in these activities. In doing so, this article will open a discussion on the long-term effects of this crisis-induced digital turn in Jain religious praxis, and in socio-cultural life in general.
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120
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Razai MS, Majeed A, Esmail A. Structural racism is a fundamental cause and driver of ethnic disparities in health. BMJ 2021; 373:n938. [PMID: 33846121 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Azeem Majeed
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Aneez Esmail
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, UK
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121
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Addressing the elephant in the room: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Black and Asian communities. Br J Gen Pract 2021; 71:170. [PMID: 33771793 DOI: 10.3399/bjgp21x715433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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123
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Gruer L, Bhopal RS. Mitigating ethnic disparities in covid-19 and beyond: census linkage can help tackle the data deficit. BMJ 2021; 372:n642. [PMID: 33687927 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Gruer
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Raj S Bhopal
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
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124
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Osama T, Razai MS, Majeed A. COVID-19 vaccine allocation: addressing the United Kingdom's colour-blind strategy. J R Soc Med 2021; 114:240-243. [PMID: 33689530 PMCID: PMC8145446 DOI: 10.1177/01410768211001581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tasnime Osama
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, School of Public Health, 4615Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK
| | - Mohammad S Razai
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Azeem Majeed
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, School of Public Health, 4615Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK
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125
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Razai
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Tasnime Osama
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Douglas G J McKechnie
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Azeem Majeed
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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126
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127
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Kohli HS. Letter from Glasgow. NATIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDIA 2021; 34:51-52. [PMID: 34397008 DOI: 10.4103/0970-258x.323442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet S Kohli
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing-Public Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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