101
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Johnson SC, Frattolin J, Edgar LT, Jafarnejad M, Moore Jr JE. Lymph node swelling combined with temporary effector T cell retention aids T cell response in a model of adaptive immunity. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210464. [PMID: 34847790 PMCID: PMC8633806 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Swelling of lymph nodes (LNs) is commonly observed during the adaptive immune response, yet the impact on T cell (TC) trafficking and subsequent immune response is not well known. To better understand the effect of macro-scale alterations, we developed an agent-based model of the LN paracortex, describing the TC proliferative response to antigen-presenting dendritic cells alongside inflammation-driven and swelling-induced changes in TC recruitment and egress, while also incorporating regulation of the expression of egress-modulating TC receptor sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1. Analysis of the effector TC response under varying swelling conditions showed that swelling consistently aided TC activation. However, subsequent effector CD8+ TC production was reduced in scenarios where swelling occurred too early in the TC proliferative phase or when TC cognate frequency was low due to increased opportunity for TC exit. Temporarily extending retention of newly differentiated effector TCs, mediated by sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 expression, mitigated any negative effects of swelling by allowing facilitation of activation to outweigh increased access to exit areas. These results suggest that targeting temporary effector TC retention and egress associated with swelling offers new ways to modulate effector TC responses in, for example, immuno-suppressed patients and to optimize of vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Johnson
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Lowell T. Edgar
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mohammad Jafarnejad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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102
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Kim KH, Choi A, Kim SH, Song H, Jin S, Kim K, Jang J, Choi H, Jung YW. Neural-Cadherin Influences the Homing of Terminally Differentiated Memory CD8 T Cells to the Lymph Nodes and Bone Marrow. Mol Cells 2021; 44:795-804. [PMID: 34819396 PMCID: PMC8627834 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory T (TM) cells play an important role in the long-term defense against pathogen reinvasion. However, it is still unclear how these cells receive the crucial signals necessary for their longevity and homeostatic turnover. To understand how TM cells receive these signals, we infected mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and examined the expression sites of neural cadherin (N-cadherin) by immunofluorescence microscopy. We found that N-cadherin was expressed in the surroundings of the white pulps of the spleen and medulla of lymph nodes (LNs). Moreover, TM cells expressing high levels of killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1), a ligand of N-cadherin, were co-localized with N-cadherin+ cells in the spleen but not in LNs. We then blocked N-cadherin in vivo to investigate whether it regulates the formation or function of TM cells. The numbers of CD127hiCD62Lhi TM cells in the spleen of memory P14 chimeric mice declined when N-cadherin was blocked during the contraction phase, without functional impairment of these cells. In addition, when CD127loKLRG1hi TM cells were adoptively transferred into anti-N-cadherin-treated mice compared with control mice, the number of these cells was reduced in the bone marrow and LNs, without functional loss. Taken together, our results suggest that N-cadherin participates in the development of CD127hiCD62Lhi TM cells and homing of CD127loKLRG1hi TM cells to lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Aryeong Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Heonju Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Seohoon Jin
- Department of Applied Statistics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Kyungim Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Jaebong Jang
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Hanbyeul Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Yong Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
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103
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G-protein-coupled receptor P2Y10 facilitates chemokine-induced CD4 T cell migration through autocrine/paracrine mediators. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6798. [PMID: 34815397 PMCID: PMC8611058 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), especially chemokine receptors, play a central role in the regulation of T cell migration. Various GPCRs are upregulated in activated CD4 T cells, including P2Y10, a putative lysophospholipid receptor that is officially still considered an orphan GPCR, i.e., a receptor with unknown endogenous ligand. Here we show that in mice lacking P2Y10 in the CD4 T cell compartment, the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and cutaneous contact hypersensitivity is reduced. P2Y10-deficient CD4 T cells show normal activation, proliferation and differentiation, but reduced chemokine-induced migration, polarization, and RhoA activation upon in vitro stimulation. Mechanistically, CD4 T cells release the putative P2Y10 ligands lysophosphatidylserine and ATP upon chemokine exposure, and these mediators induce P2Y10-dependent RhoA activation in an autocrine/paracrine fashion. ATP degradation impairs RhoA activation and migration in control CD4 T cells, but not in P2Y10-deficient CD4 T cells. Importantly, the P2Y10 pathway appears to be conserved in human T cells. Taken together, P2Y10 mediates RhoA activation in CD4 T cells in response to auto-/paracrine-acting mediators such as LysoPS and ATP, thereby facilitating chemokine-induced migration and, consecutively, T cell-mediated diseases.
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104
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Chatzikonstantinou S, Poulidou V, Arnaoutoglou M, Kazis D, Heliopoulos I, Grigoriadis N, Boziki M. Signaling through the S1P-S1PR Axis in the Gut, the Immune and the Central Nervous System in Multiple Sclerosis: Implication for Pathogenesis and Treatment. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113217. [PMID: 34831439 PMCID: PMC8626013 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a signaling molecule with complex biological functions that are exerted through the activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors 1–5 (S1PR1–5). S1PR expression is necessary for cell proliferation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis and, importantly, for the egress of lymphocytes from secondary lymphoid organs. Since the inflammatory process is a key element of immune-mediated diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), S1PR modulators are currently used to ameliorate systemic immune responses. The ubiquitous expression of S1PRs by immune, intestinal and neural cells has significant implications for the regulation of the gut–brain axis. The dysfunction of this bidirectional communication system may be a significant factor contributing to MS pathogenesis, since an impaired intestinal barrier could lead to interaction between immune cells and microbiota with a potential to initiate abnormal local and systemic immune responses towards the central nervous system (CNS). It appears that the secondary mechanisms of S1PR modulators affecting the gut immune system, the intestinal barrier and directly the CNS, are coordinated to promote therapeutic effects. The scope of this review is to focus on S1P−S1PR functions in the cells of the CNS, the gut and the immune system with particular emphasis on the immunologic effects of S1PR modulation and its implication in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simela Chatzikonstantinou
- 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, “G.Papanikolaou” Hospital, Leoforos Papanikolaou, Exohi, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Vasiliki Poulidou
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1, Stilp Kyriakidi st., 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Marianthi Arnaoutoglou
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1, Stilp Kyriakidi st., 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Dimitrios Kazis
- 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, “G.Papanikolaou” Hospital, Leoforos Papanikolaou, Exohi, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Ioannis Heliopoulos
- Department of Neurology, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1, Stilp Kyriakidi st., 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Marina Boziki
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1, Stilp Kyriakidi st., 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence:
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105
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Greiwe G, Moritz E, Amschler K, Poppe A, Sarwari H, Nierhaus A, Kluge S, Reichenspurner H, Zoellner C, Schwedhelm E, Daum G, Tampe B, Winkler MS. Dynamics of Vascular Protective and Immune Supportive Sphingosine-1-Phosphate During Cardiac Surgery. Front Immunol 2021; 12:761475. [PMID: 34745137 PMCID: PMC8563789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.761475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a signaling lipid and crucial in vascular protection and immune response. S1P mediated processes involve regulation of the endothelial barrier, blood pressure and S1P is the only known inducer of lymphocyte migration. Low levels of circulatory S1P correlate with severe systemic inflammatory syndromes such as sepsis and shock states, which are associated with endothelial barrier breakdown and immunosuppression. We investigated whether S1P levels are affected by sterile inflammation induced by cardiac surgery. Materials and Methods In this prospective observational study we included 46 cardiac surgery patients, with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB, n=31) and without CPB (off-pump, n=15). Serum-S1P, S1P-sources and carriers, von-Willebrand factor (vWF), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured at baseline, post-surgery and at day 1 (POD 1) and day 4 (POD 4) after surgical stimulus. Results Median S1P levels at baseline were 0.77 nmol/mL (IQR 0.61-0.99) and dropped significantly post-surgery. S1P was lowest post-surgery with median levels of 0.37 nmol/mL (IQR 0.31-0.47) after CPB and 0.46 nmol/mL (IQR 0.36-0.51) after off-pump procedures (P<0.001). The decrease of S1P was independent of surgical technique and observed in all individuals. In patients, in which S1P levels did not recover to preoperative baseline ICU stay was longer and postoperative inflammation was more severe. S1P levels are associated with its sources and carriers and vWF, as a more specific endothelial injury marker, in different phases of the postoperative course. Determination of S1P levels during surgery suggested that also the anticoagulative effect of heparin might influence systemic S1P. Discussion In summary, serum-S1P levels are disrupted by major cardiac surgery. Low S1P levels post-surgery may play a role as a new marker for severity of cardiac surgery induced inflammation. Due to well-known protective effects of S1P, low S1P levels may further contribute to the observed prolonged ICU stay and worse clinical status. Moreover, we cannot exclude a potential inhibitory effect on circulating S1P levels by heparin anticoagulation during surgery, which would be a new pro-inflammatory pleiotropic effect of high dose heparin in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillis Greiwe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eileen Moritz
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of General Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Amschler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annika Poppe
- Clinic and Policlinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Harun Sarwari
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Axel Nierhaus
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Zoellner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Günter Daum
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Vascular Medicine, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Tampe
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Sebastian Winkler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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106
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Anwar M, Amin MR, Balaji Ragunathrao VA, Matsche J, Karginov A, Minshall RD, Mo GCH, Komarova Y, Mehta D. Tyrosine phosphorylation of S1PR1 leads to chaperone BiP-mediated import to the endoplasmic reticulum. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212707. [PMID: 34652421 PMCID: PMC8562845 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202006021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell surface G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), upon agonist binding, undergo serine–threonine phosphorylation, leading to either receptor recycling or degradation. Here, we show a new fate of GPCRs, exemplified by ER retention of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1). We show that S1P phosphorylates S1PR1 on tyrosine residue Y143, which is associated with recruitment of activated BiP from the ER into the cytosol. BiP then interacts with endocytosed Y143-S1PR1 and delivers it into the ER. In contrast to WT-S1PR1, which is recycled and stabilizes the endothelial barrier, phosphomimicking S1PR1 (Y143D-S1PR1) is retained by BiP in the ER and increases cytosolic Ca2+ and disrupts barrier function. Intriguingly, a proinflammatory, but non-GPCR agonist, TNF-α, also triggered barrier-disruptive signaling by promoting S1PR1 phosphorylation on Y143 and its import into ER via BiP. BiP depletion restored Y143D-S1PR1 expression on the endothelial cell surface and rescued canonical receptor functions. Findings identify Y143-phosphorylated S1PR1 as a potential target for prevention of endothelial barrier breakdown under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtaz Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Md Ruhul Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Vijay Avin Balaji Ragunathrao
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jacob Matsche
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Andrei Karginov
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Gary C H Mo
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Yulia Komarova
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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107
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Formes H, Bernardes JP, Mann A, Bayer F, Pontarollo G, Kiouptsi K, Schäfer K, Attig S, Nikolova T, Hofmann TG, Schattenberg JM, Todorov H, Gerber S, Rosenstiel P, Bopp T, Sommer F, Reinhardt C. The gut microbiota instructs the hepatic endothelial cell transcriptome. iScience 2021; 24:103092. [PMID: 34622147 PMCID: PMC8479694 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota affects remote organ functions but its impact on organotypic endothelial cell (EC) transcriptomes remains unexplored. The liver endothelium encounters microbiota-derived signals and metabolites via the portal circulation. To pinpoint how gut commensals affect the hepatic sinusoidal endothelium, a magnetic cell sorting protocol, combined with fluorescence-activated cell sorting, was used to isolate hepatic sinusoidal ECs from germ-free (GF) and conventionally raised (CONV-R) mice for transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing. This resulted in a comprehensive map of microbiota-regulated hepatic EC-specific transcriptome profiles. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that several functional processes in the hepatic endothelium were affected. The absence of microbiota influenced the expression of genes involved in cholesterol flux and angiogenesis. Specifically, genes functioning in hepatic endothelial sphingosine metabolism and the sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway showed drastically increased expression in the GF state. Our analyses reveal a prominent role for the microbiota in shaping the transcriptional landscape of the hepatic endothelium. Germ-free mice show transcriptome differences in the liver sinusoidal endothelium Gut microbiota suppresses sphingolipid metabolism in the hepatic sinusoidal endothelium Cholesterol flux and angiogenesis in liver endothelium is microbiota-regulated Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron did not affect expression levels of the identified genes
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Formes
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Joana P Bernardes
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Amrit Mann
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Franziska Bayer
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Giulia Pontarollo
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klytaimnistra Kiouptsi
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katrin Schäfer
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Attig
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,TRON, Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz gGmbH, Freiligrathstrasse 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Teodora Nikolova
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas G Hofmann
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Metabolic Liver Research Program, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hristo Todorov
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Gerber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Felix Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
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108
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Wu ZX, Wang F, Li L, Yao Y, Long J, Luo QQ, Zhao ZB, Li WL, Cao J, Lian ZX. The Clinical Significance of Mesenteric Lymphocytes in Human Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:685577. [PMID: 34604029 PMCID: PMC8481834 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.685577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The mesentery is a potential site of residual tumor in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mesenteric immune microenvironment remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the immune landscape of the mesentery, particularly the role of lymphocytes and its association with the clinicopathological characteristics of CRC. Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect lymphocytes in the paired mesenteric tissue specimens adjacent to the colorectal tumors and normal mesenteric tissue specimens 10 cm away from the colorectal tumor edge and preoperative peripheral blood samples obtained from patients with CRC who underwent surgery. T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding was utilized to analyze multiparameter flow cytometry data. Multiplex immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate T cells subsets in the paired mesentery adjacent to the colorectal tumors and normal mesentery. The Fisher’s exact test and non-parametric Wilcoxon’s matched-pairs tests were used for statistical analysis. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine associations between percentage data and clinical parameters of patients with CRC. Results We found that immune cells in the normal mesentery were mainly of lymphoid lineage. Compared with peripheral blood, the normal mesentery showed decreased NK cells and the CD4/CD8 ratio and increased CD3+ CD56+, memory CD4+ T, memory CD8+ T, CD4+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM), and CD8+ TRM cells. Compared with the normal mesentery, the mesentery adjacent to the colorectal tumor showed increased B and regulatory T cells and decreased NK, CD3+ CD56+, CD4+ TRM, and CD8+ TRM cells. Moreover, memory CD8+ T cells and plasmablasts are negatively correlated with the depth of invasion of CRC. Increased memory CD4+ T cells are associated with distant metastasis of CRC and high preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels. Conclusion The mesentery shows a specific immune microenvironment, which differs from that observed in peripheral blood. CRC can alter the mesenteric immune response to promote tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xin Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Li
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Long
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Qing Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang-Lin Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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109
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Biologically active lipids in the regulation of lymphangiogenesis in disease states. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:108011. [PMID: 34614423 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels have crucial roles in the regulation of interstitial fluids, immune surveillance, and the absorption of dietary fat in the intestine. Lymphatic function is also closely related to the pathogenesis of various disease states such as inflammation, lymphedema, endometriosis, liver dysfunction, and tumor metastasis. Lymphangiogenesis, the formation of new lymphatic vessels from pre-existing lymphatic vessels, is a critical determinant in the above conditions. Although the effect of growth factors on lymphangiogenesis is well-characterized, and biologically active lipids are known to affect smooth muscle contractility and vasoaction, there is accumulating evidence that biologically active lipids are also important inducers of growth factors and cytokines that regulate lymphangiogenesis. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of biologically active lipids, including arachidonic acid metabolites, sphingosine 1-phosphate, and lysophosphatidic acid, as regulators of lymphangiogenesis, and the emerging importance of the lymphangiogenesis as a therapeutic target.
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110
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Park SL, Mackay LK. Decoding Tissue-Residency: Programming and Potential of Frontline Memory T Cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a037960. [PMID: 33753406 PMCID: PMC8485744 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Memory T-cell responses are partitioned between the blood, secondary lymphoid organs, and nonlymphoid tissues. Tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells are a population of immune cells that remain permanently in tissues without recirculating in blood. These nonrecirculating cells serve as a principal node in the anamnestic response to invading pathogens and developing malignancies. Here, we contemplate how T-cell tissue residency is defined and shapes protective immunity in the steady state and in the context of disease. We review the properties and heterogeneity of Trm cells, highlight the critical roles these cells play in maintaining tissue homeostasis and eliciting immune pathology, and explore how they might be exploited to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone L Park
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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Tian J, Huang T, Chang S, Wang Y, Fan W, Ji H, Wang J, Yang J, Kang J, Zhou Y. Role of sphingosine-1-phosphate mediated signalling in systemic lupus erythematosus. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 156:106584. [PMID: 34352381 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a highly prevalent autoimmune disease characterized by the malfunction of the immune system and the persistent presence of an inflammatory environment. Multiple organs can be affected during SLE, leading to heterogeneous manifestations, which eventually result in the death of patients. Due to the lack of understanding regarding the pathogenesis of SLE, the currently available treatments remain suboptimal. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a central bioactive lipid of sphingolipid metabolism, which serves a pivotal role in regulating numerous physiological and pathological processes. As a well-recognized regulator of lymphocyte trafficking, S1P has been shown to be closely associated with autoimmune diseases, including SLE. Importantly, S1P levels have been found to be elevated in patients with SLE. In murine models of lupus, the increased levels of S1P also contribute to disease activity and organ impairment. Moreover, data from several studies also support the hypothesis that S1P receptors and its producer-sphingosine kinases (SPHK) may serve as the potential targets for the treatment of SLE and its co-morbidities. Given the significant success that intervening with S1P signaling has achieved in treating multiple sclerosis, further exploration of its role in SLE is necessary. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to summarize the recent advances in understanding the potential mechanism by which S1P influences SLE, with a primary focus on its role in immune regulation and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Taiping Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Sijia Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Weiping Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - He Ji
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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112
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Park HS, Jeon Y, Lee H, Lee H, Kim YA, Park IA, Bang WS, Lee M, Cho YJ, Kim J, Gong G, Lee HJ. Phenotypic Differences of CD103+ Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells Associated with Various Cancers. Pathobiology 2021; 89:116-126. [PMID: 34592745 DOI: 10.1159/000518972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The presence and clinical importance of tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells have been recently described in association with various cancer types. However, the frequency and the traditional naïve-effector-memory phenotypic characteristics of TRM cells are largely unknown. METHODS We analyzed single-cell populations of colorectal cancer (CC, n = 18), stomach cancer (SC, n = 13), renal cell carcinoma (RCC, n = 19), and breast cancer (BC, n = 16) by dissociation of tumor tissue with collagenase/hyaluronidase. We investigated populations of naïve, effector, and memory T and TRM cells by flow cytometry. RESULTS Among CD8- cells, CC was associated with a significantly higher proportion of CD103+ T cells than other tumor types (p < 0.001). Among CD8+ cells, CC and SC were associated with higher CD103+ T-cell proportions than RCC and BC (p < 0.001). Significantly more CD8+ than CD8- cells expressed CD103 (p < 0.001). In association with SC, RCC, and BC, CD8+ T cells had a similar T-cell phenotype composition pattern: fewer effector T cells and more memory-type T cells among CD103+ cells compared with CD103- cells (p < 0.05). Tumors with higher proportion of CD103+ cells had no specific clinicopathologic characteristics than those with lower proportion of CD103+ cells. CONCLUSION TRM cell abundance and phenotypes varied among CC, SC, RCC, and BC. Further studies regarding the functional differences of TRM associated with various tumors are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Seon Park
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjin Jeon
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejae Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ae Kim
- Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ah Park
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seon Bang
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miseon Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeong Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyungyub Gong
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ravaud C, Ved N, Jackson DG, Vieira JM, Riley PR. Lymphatic Clearance of Immune Cells in Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102594. [PMID: 34685572 PMCID: PMC8533855 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of the lymphatic system, its function, development, and role in pathophysiology have changed our views on its importance. Historically thought to be solely involved in the transport of tissue fluid, lipids, and immune cells, the lymphatic system displays great heterogeneity and plasticity and is actively involved in immune cell regulation. Interference in any of these processes can be deleterious, both at the developmental and adult level. Preclinical studies into the cardiac lymphatic system have shown that invoking lymphangiogenesis and enhancing immune cell trafficking in ischaemic hearts can reduce myocardial oedema, reduce inflammation, and improve cardiac outcome. Understanding how immune cells and the lymphatic endothelium interact is also vital to understanding how the lymphatic vascular network can be manipulated to improve immune cell clearance. In this Review, we examine the different types of immune cells involved in fibrotic repair following myocardial infarction. We also discuss the development and function of the cardiac lymphatic vasculature and how some immune cells interact with the lymphatic endothelium in the heart. Finally, we establish how promoting lymphangiogenesis is now a prime therapeutic target for reducing immune cell persistence, inflammation, and oedema to restore heart function in ischaemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Ravaud
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (C.R.); (N.V.); (J.M.V.)
| | - Nikita Ved
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (C.R.); (N.V.); (J.M.V.)
| | - David G. Jackson
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK;
| | - Joaquim Miguel Vieira
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (C.R.); (N.V.); (J.M.V.)
| | - Paul R. Riley
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (C.R.); (N.V.); (J.M.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a systemic autoimmune disease marked by xerostomia (dry mouth), keratoconjunctivitis sicca (eye dryness), and other systematic disorders. Its pathogenesis involves an inflammatory process that is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration into exocrine glands and other tissues. Although the development of ectopic lymphoid tissue and overproduction of autoantibodies by hyperactive B cells suggest that they may promote SjS development, treatment directed towards them fails to induce significant laboratory or clinical improvement. T cells are overwhelming infiltrators in most phases of the disease, and the involvement of multiple T cell subsets of suggests the extraordinary complexity of SjS pathogenesis. The factors, including various cellular subtypes and molecules, regulate the activation and suppression of T cells. T cell activation induces inflammatory cell infiltration, B cell activation, tissue damage, and metabolic changes in SjS. Knowledge of the pathways that link these T cell subtypes and regulation of their activities are not completely understood. This review comprehensively summarizes the research progress and our understanding of T cells in SjS, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ TRM cells, and innate T cells, to provide insights into for clinical treatment.
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115
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Jenkins MM, Bachus H, Botta D, Schultz MD, Rosenberg AF, León B, Ballesteros-Tato A. Lung dendritic cells migrate to the spleen to prime long-lived TCF1 hi memory CD8 + T cell precursors after influenza infection. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabg6895. [PMID: 34516781 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg6895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan M Jenkins
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Holly Bachus
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Davide Botta
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michael D Schultz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alexander F Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Beatriz León
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - André Ballesteros-Tato
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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116
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Vella G, Guelfi S, Bergers G. High Endothelial Venules: A Vascular Perspective on Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:736670. [PMID: 34484246 PMCID: PMC8416033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.736670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
High endothelial venules (HEVs) are specialized postcapillary venules composed of cuboidal blood endothelial cells that express high levels of sulfated sialomucins to bind L-Selectin/CD62L on lymphocytes, thereby facilitating their transmigration from the blood into the lymph nodes (LN) and other secondary lymphoid organs (SLO). HEVs have also been identified in human and murine tumors in predominantly CD3+T cell-enriched areas with fewer CD20+B-cell aggregates that are reminiscent of tertiary lymphoid-like structures (TLS). While HEV/TLS areas in human tumors are predominantly associated with increased survival, tumoral HEVs (TU-HEV) in mice have shown to foster lymphocyte-enriched immune centers and boost an immune response combined with different immunotherapies. Here, we discuss the current insight into TU-HEV formation, function, and regulation in tumors and elaborate on the functional implication, opportunities, and challenges of TU-HEV formation for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerlanda Vella
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB)-Center for Cancer Biology, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Guelfi
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB)-Center for Cancer Biology, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Bergers
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB)-Center for Cancer Biology, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
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117
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Rezzola S, Sigmund EC, Halin C, Ronca R. The lymphatic vasculature: An active and dynamic player in cancer progression. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:576-614. [PMID: 34486138 PMCID: PMC9291933 DOI: 10.1002/med.21855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature has been widely described and explored for its key functions in fluid homeostasis and in the organization and modulation of the immune response. Besides transporting immune cells, lymphatic vessels play relevant roles in tumor growth and tumor cell dissemination. Cancer cells that have invaded into afferent lymphatics are propagated to tumor‐draining lymph nodes (LNs), which represent an important hub for metastatic cell arrest and growth, immune modulation, and secondary dissemination to distant sites. In recent years many studies have reported new mechanisms by which the lymphatic vasculature affects cancer progression, ranging from induction of lymphangiogenesis to metastatic niche preconditioning or immune modulation. In this review, we provide an up‐to‐date description of lymphatic organization and function in peripheral tissues and in LNs and the changes induced to this system by tumor growth and progression. We will specifically focus on the reported interactions that occur between tumor cells and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), as well as on interactions between immune cells and LECs, both in the tumor microenvironment and in tumor‐draining LNs. Moreover, the most recent prognostic and therapeutic implications of lymphatics in cancer will be reported and discussed in light of the new immune‐modulatory roles that have been ascribed to LECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena C Sigmund
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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118
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Fowell DJ, Kim M. The spatio-temporal control of effector T cell migration. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:582-596. [PMID: 33627851 PMCID: PMC9380693 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Effector T cells leave the lymph nodes armed with specialized functional attributes. Their antigenic targets may be located anywhere in the body, posing the ultimate challenge: how to efficiently identify the target tissue, navigate through a complex tissue matrix and, ultimately, locate the immunological insult. Recent advances in real-time in situ imaging of effector T cell migratory behaviour have revealed a great degree of mechanistic plasticity that enables effector T cells to push and squeeze their way through inflamed tissues. This process is shaped by an array of 'stop' and 'go' guidance signals including target antigens, chemokines, integrin ligands and the mechanical cues of the inflamed microenvironment. Effector T cells must sense and interpret these competing signals to correctly position themselves to mediate their effector functions for complete and durable responses in infectious disease and malignancy. Tuning T cell migration therapeutically will require a new understanding of this complex decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J. Fowell
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Minsoo Kim
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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119
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Johansen KH, Golec DP, Thomsen JH, Schwartzberg PL, Okkenhaug K. PI3K in T Cell Adhesion and Trafficking. Front Immunol 2021; 12:708908. [PMID: 34421914 PMCID: PMC8377255 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.708908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3K signalling is required for activation, differentiation, and trafficking of T cells. PI3Kδ, the dominant PI3K isoform in T cells, has been extensively characterised using PI3Kδ mutant mouse models and PI3K inhibitors. Furthermore, characterisation of patients with Activated PI3K Delta Syndrome (APDS) and mouse models with hyperactive PI3Kδ have shed light on how increased PI3Kδ activity affects T cell functions. An important function of PI3Kδ is that it acts downstream of TCR stimulation to activate the major T cell integrin, LFA-1, which controls transendothelial migration of T cells as well as their interaction with antigen-presenting cells. PI3Kδ also suppresses the cell surface expression of CD62L and CCR7 which controls the migration of T cells across high endothelial venules in the lymph nodes and S1PR1 which controls lymph node egress. Therefore, PI3Kδ can control both entry and exit of T cells from lymph nodes as well as the recruitment to and retention of T cells within inflamed tissues. This review will focus on the regulation of adhesion receptors by PI3Kδ and how this contributes to T cell trafficking and localisation. These findings are relevant for our understanding of how PI3Kδ inhibitors may affect T cell redistribution and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer H Johansen
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dominic P Golec
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Julie H Thomsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Hutami IR, Izawa T, Khurel-Ochir T, Sakamaki T, Iwasa A, Tanaka E. Macrophage Motility in Wound Healing Is Regulated by HIF-1α via S1P Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168992. [PMID: 34445695 PMCID: PMC8396560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the molecular pathways mediating wound healing induce cell migration and localization of cytokines to sites of injury. Macrophages are immune cells that sense and actively respond to disturbances in tissue homeostasis by initiating, and subsequently resolving, inflammation. Hypoxic conditions generated at a wound site also strongly recruit macrophages and affect their function. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α is a transcription factor that contributes to both glycolysis and the induction of inflammatory genes, while also being critical for macrophage activation. For the latter, HIF-1α regulates sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) to affect the migration, activation, differentiation, and polarization of macrophages. Recently, S1P and HIF-1α have received much attention, and various studies have been performed to investigate their roles in initiating and resolving inflammation via macrophages. It is hypothesized that the HIF-1α/S1P/S1P receptor axis is an important determinant of macrophage function under inflammatory conditions and during disease pathogenesis. Therefore, in this review, biological regulation of monocytes/macrophages in response to circulating HIF-1α is summarized, including signaling by S1P/S1P receptors, which have essential roles in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islamy Rahma Hutami
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (I.R.H.); (T.K.-O.); (T.S.); (A.I.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang 50112, Indonesia
| | - Takashi Izawa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (I.R.H.); (T.K.-O.); (T.S.); (A.I.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-235-6691; Fax: +81-88-235-6694
| | - Tsendsuren Khurel-Ochir
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (I.R.H.); (T.K.-O.); (T.S.); (A.I.); (E.T.)
| | - Takuma Sakamaki
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (I.R.H.); (T.K.-O.); (T.S.); (A.I.); (E.T.)
| | - Akihiko Iwasa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (I.R.H.); (T.K.-O.); (T.S.); (A.I.); (E.T.)
| | - Eiji Tanaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (I.R.H.); (T.K.-O.); (T.S.); (A.I.); (E.T.)
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121
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 PMCID: PMC8371859 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn’s disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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122
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Farsakoglu Y, McDonald B, Kaech SM. Motility Matters: How CD8 + T-Cell Trafficking Influences Effector and Memory Cell Differentiation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:cshperspect.a038075. [PMID: 34001529 PMCID: PMC8327832 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunological memory is a hallmark of adaptive immunity that confers long-lasting protection from reinfections. Memory CD8+ T cells provide protection by actively scanning for their cognate antigen and migrating into inflamed tissues. Trafficking patterns of CD8+ T cells are also a major determinant of cell fate outcomes during differentiation into effector and memory cell states. CD8+ T-cell trafficking must therefore be dynamically and tightly regulated to ensure that CD8+ T cells arrive at the correct locations and differentiate to acquire appropriate effector functions. This review aims to discuss the importance of CD8+ T-cell trafficking patterns in regulating effector and memory differentiation, maintenance, and reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Farsakoglu
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Bryan McDonald
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Susan M Kaech
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Campione E, Cosio T, Di Prete M, Lanna C, Dattola A, Bianchi L. Experimental Pharmacological Management of Psoriasis. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:725-737. [PMID: 34345187 PMCID: PMC8323855 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s265632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, relapsing, immune-mediated systemic disease. Its pathogenesis is complex and not fully understood yet. Genetic and epigenetic factors interact with molecular pathways involving TNF-α, IL-23/IL-17 axis, and peculiar cytokines, as IL-36 or phosphodiesterase 4. This review discusses the mechanisms involved in the development of the disease, as well as the therapeutic options proposed following the investigation of the inflammatory psoriatic pathways. We performed a comprehensive search using the words “psoriasis” and the newest molecules currently under investigation and approval. From these data, a new scenario in psoriasis is occurring to personalize the therapies - especially systemic ones and those using small molecules – and avoid topical and injectable drugs. We reported the newest therapeutic opportunities, including the inhibitors of Janus kinase/tyrosine kinase 2, phosphodiesterase-4 and IL-36 receptor. Today, more than 20 molecules are under investigation for the treatment of cutaneous psoriasis. Most of them are constituted by small molecules or biologic therapies. This underlines how psoriasis needs systemic therapies, due to its complex pathogenesis and multisystemic involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Campione
- Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Terenzio Cosio
- Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Monia Di Prete
- Anatomic Pathology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Caterina Lanna
- Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Annunziata Dattola
- Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
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124
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Barreto de Albuquerque J, Mueller C, Gungor B. Tissue-Resident T Cells in Chronic Relapsing-Remitting Intestinal Disorders. Cells 2021; 10:1882. [PMID: 34440651 PMCID: PMC8393248 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells critically contribute to the rapid immunoprotection and efficient immunosurveillance against pathogens, particularly in barrier tissues, but also during anti-tumor responses. However, the involvement of TRM cells also in the induction and exacerbation of immunopathologies, notably in chronically relapsing auto-inflammatory disorders, is becoming increasingly recognized as a critical factor. Thus, TRM cells may also represent an attractive target in the management of chronic (auto-) inflammatory disorders, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease and inflammatory bowel diseases. In this review, we focus on current concepts of TRM cell biology, particularly in the intestine, and discuss recent findings on their involvement in chronic relapsing-remitting inflammatory disorders. Potential therapeutic strategies to interfere with these TRM cell-mediated immunopathologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bilgi Gungor
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland;
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125
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Innate-like self-reactive B cells infiltrate human renal allografts during transplant rejection. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4372. [PMID: 34272370 PMCID: PMC8285506 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrarenal B cells in human renal allografts indicate transplant recipients with a poor prognosis, but how these cells contribute to rejection is unclear. Here we show using single-cell RNA sequencing that intrarenal class-switched B cells have an innate cell transcriptional state resembling mouse peritoneal B1 or B-innate (Bin) cells. Antibodies generated by Bin cells do not bind donor-specific antigens nor are they enriched for reactivity to ubiquitously expressed self-antigens. Rather, Bin cells frequently express antibodies reactive with either renal-specific or inflammation-associated antigens. Furthermore, local antigens can drive Bin cell proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells expressing self-reactive antibodies. These data show a mechanism of human inflammation in which a breach in organ-restricted tolerance by infiltrating innate-like B cells drives local tissue destruction. Intrarenal B cells are indicative of poor prognosis in human renal allografts. Here the authors use single cell RNA sequencing to examine how intrarenal B cells contribute to renal rejection and find a population of innate B cells reactive to renal-specific or inflammation-associated antigens.
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126
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Biomaterial vaccines capturing pathogen-associated molecular patterns protect against bacterial infections and septic shock. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 6:8-18. [PMID: 34239117 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Most bacterial vaccines work for a subset of bacterial strains or require the modification of the antigen or isolation of the pathogen before vaccine development. Here we report injectable biomaterial vaccines that trigger potent humoral and T-cell responses to bacterial antigens by recruiting, reprogramming and releasing dendritic cells. The vaccines are assembled from regulatorily approved products and consist of a scaffold with absorbed granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and CpG-rich oligonucleotides incorporating superparamagnetic microbeads coated with the broad-spectrum opsonin Fc-mannose-binding lectin for the magnetic capture of pathogen-associated molecular patterns from inactivated bacterial-cell-wall lysates. The vaccines protect mice against skin infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, mice and pigs against septic shock from a lethal Escherichia coli challenge and, when loaded with pathogen-associated molecular patterns isolated from infected animals, uninfected animals against a challenge with different E. coli serotypes. The strong immunogenicity and low incidence of adverse events, a modular manufacturing process, and the use of components compatible with current good manufacturing practice could make this vaccine technology suitable for responding to bacterial pandemics and biothreats.
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127
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Jin P, Li J, Meng Y, Wu L, Bai M, Yu J, Meng X. PET/CT metabolic patterns in systemic immune activation: A new perspective on the assessment of immunotherapy response and efficacy. Cancer Lett 2021; 520:91-99. [PMID: 34237407 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in immunotherapy, extensive challenges remain in its clinical application. Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is widely used in the diagnosis and follow-up of malignant tumors and in the prediction of treatment outcomes. Successful cancer immunotherapy requires systemic immune activation. In addition to local immune responses, a systemic antitumor response involving primary and secondary lymphoid organs is required for tumor eradication. Immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) are considered to be a manifestation of excessive immune activation. PET/CT can monitor the metabolic changes in peripheral lymphoid organs and related organs. Thus, it can identify patients with effective immune activation and predict the efficacy and outcomes of immunotherapy. This review aimed to investigate the theoretical basis and feasibility of applying PET/CT for monitoring the immune activation status of peripheral lymphoid organs after immunotherapy and predict its effectiveness. Towards this goal, we reviewed the cellular components and structural composition of peripheral lymphoid organs, as well as their functions in the systemic immune response. We analyzed the theoretical basis and feasibility of applying PET/CT to monitor the immune activation status of peripheral lymphoid organs after immunotherapy to predict the effectiveness of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yingtao Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Leilei Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Menglin Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Xue Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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128
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Sato T, Wakao S, Kushida Y, Tatsumi K, Kitada M, Abe T, Niizuma K, Tominaga T, Kushimoto S, Dezawa M. A Novel Type of Stem Cells Double-Positive for SSEA-3 and CD45 in Human Peripheral Blood. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720923574. [PMID: 32525407 PMCID: PMC7586270 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720923574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood (PB) contains several types of stem/progenitor cells, including hematopoietic stem and endothelial progenitor cells. We identified a population positive for both the pluripotent surface marker SSEA-3 and leukocyte common antigen CD45 that comprises 0.04% ± 0.003% of the mononuclear cells in human PB. The average size of the SSEA-3(+)/CD45(+) cells was 10.1 ± 0.3 µm and ∼22% were positive for CD105, a mesenchymal marker; ∼85% were positive for CD19, a B cell marker; and ∼94% were positive for HLA-DR, a major histocompatibility complex class II molecule relevant to antigen presentation. These SSEA-3(+)/CD45(+) cells expressed the pluripotency markers Nanog, Oct3/4, and Sox2, as well as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 2, and migrated toward S1P, although their adherence and proliferative activities in vitro were low. They expressed NeuN at 7 d, Pax7 and desmin at 7 d, and alpha-fetoprotein and cytokeratin-19 at 3 d when supplied to mouse damaged tissues of the brain, skeletal muscle and liver, respectively, suggesting the ability to spontaneously differentiate into triploblastic lineages compatible to the tissue microenvironment. Multilineage-differentiating stress enduring (Muse) cells, identified as SSEA-3(+) in tissues such as the bone marrow and organ connective tissues, express pluripotency markers, migrate to sites of damage via the S1P-S1P receptor 2 system, and differentiate spontaneously into tissue-compatible cells after homing to the damaged tissue where they participate in tissue repair. After the onset of acute myocardial infarction and stroke, patients are reported to have an increase in the number of SSEA-3(+) cells in the PB. The SSEA-3(+)/CD45(+) cells in the PB showed similarity to tissue-Muse cells, although with difference in surface marker expression and cellular properties. Thus, these findings suggest that human PB contains a subset of cells that are distinct from known stem/progenitor cells, and that CD45(+)-mononuclear cells in the PB comprise a novel subpopulation of cells that express pluripotency markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Sato
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shohei Wakao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kushida
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tatsumi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Regenerative Medicine Division, Life Science Institute, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kitada
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Abe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kuniyasu Niizuma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kushimoto
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mari Dezawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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129
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The Bone Marrow as Sanctuary for Plasma Cells and Memory T-Cells: Implications for Adaptive Immunity and Vaccinology. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061508. [PMID: 34203839 PMCID: PMC8232593 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) is key to protective immunological memory because it harbors a major fraction of the body’s plasma cells, memory CD4+ and memory CD8+ T-cells. Despite its paramount significance for the human immune system, many aspects of how the BM enables decade-long immunity against pathogens are still poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the relationship between BM survival niches and long-lasting humoral immunity, how intrinsic and extrinsic factors define memory cell longevity and show that the BM is also capable of adopting many responsibilities of a secondary lymphoid organ. Additionally, with more and more data on the differentiation and maintenance of memory T-cells and plasma cells upon vaccination in humans being reported, we discuss what factors determine the establishment of long-lasting immunological memory in the BM and what we can learn for vaccination technologies and antigen design. Finally, using these insights, we touch on how this holistic understanding of the BM is necessary for the development of modern and efficient vaccines against the pandemic SARS-CoV-2.
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130
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Yeo KP, Lim HY, Angeli V. Leukocyte Trafficking via Lymphatic Vessels in Atherosclerosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061344. [PMID: 34072313 PMCID: PMC8229118 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, lymphatic vessels have received increasing attention and our understanding of their development and functional roles in health and diseases has greatly improved. It has become clear that lymphatic vessels are critically involved in acute and chronic inflammation and its resolution by supporting the transport of immune cells, fluid, and macromolecules. As we will discuss in this review, the involvement of lymphatic vessels has been uncovered in atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of medium- and large-sized arteries causing deadly cardiovascular complications worldwide. The progression of atherosclerosis is associated with morphological and functional alterations in lymphatic vessels draining the diseased artery. These defects in the lymphatic vasculature impact the inflammatory response in atherosclerosis by affecting immune cell trafficking, lymphoid neogenesis, and clearance of macromolecules in the arterial wall. Based on these new findings, we propose that targeting lymphatic function could be considered in conjunction with existing drugs as a treatment option for atherosclerosis.
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131
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Coppi E, Cencetti F, Cherchi F, Venturini M, Donati C, Bruni P, Pedata F, Pugliese AM. A 2 B Adenosine Receptors and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signaling Cross-Talk in Oligodendrogliogenesis. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:677988. [PMID: 34135730 PMCID: PMC8202686 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.677988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte-formed myelin sheaths allow fast synaptic transmission in the brain. Impairments in the process of myelination, or demyelinating insults, might cause chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Under physiological conditions, remyelination is an ongoing process throughout adult life consisting in the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs). During pathological events, this process fails due to unfavorable environment. Adenosine and sphingosine kinase/sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling axes (SphK/S1P) play important roles in remyelination processes. Remarkably, fingolimod (FTY720), a sphingosine analog recently approved for MS treatment, plays important roles in OPC maturation. We recently demonstrated that the selective stimulation of A2 B adenosine receptors (A2 B Rs) inhibit OPC differentiation in vitro and reduce voltage-dependent outward K+ currents (I K ) necessary to OPC maturation, whereas specific SphK1 or SphK2 inhibition exerts the opposite effect. During OPC differentiation A2 B R expression increases, this effect being prevented by SphK1/2 blockade. Furthermore, selective silencing of A2 B R in OPC cultures prompts maturation and, intriguingly, enhances the expression of S1P lyase, the enzyme responsible for irreversible S1P catabolism. Finally, the existence of an interplay between SphK1/S1P pathway and A2 B Rs in OPCs was confirmed since acute stimulation of A2 B Rs activates SphK1 by increasing its phosphorylation. Here the role of A2 B R and SphK/S1P signaling during oligodendrogenesis is reviewed in detail, with the purpose to shed new light on the interaction between A2 B Rs and S1P signaling, as eventual innovative targets for the treatment of demyelinating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Coppi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Cencetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Cherchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Venturini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Donati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Bruni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Felicita Pedata
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Pugliese
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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132
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Callegari I, Derfuss T, Galli E. Update on treatment in multiple sclerosis. Presse Med 2021; 50:104068. [PMID: 34033862 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2021.104068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. In recent years, many disease-modifying therapies (DMT) have been approved for MS treatment. For this reason, a profound knowledge of the characteristics and indications of the available compounds is required to tailor the therapeutic strategy to the individual patient characteristics. This should include the mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic of the drug, the safety and efficacy profile provided by clinical trials, as well as the understanding of possible side effects. Moreover, the evolving knowledge of the disease is paving the way to new and innovative therapeutic approaches, as well as the development of new biomarkers to monitor the therapeutic response and to guide the clinician's therapeutic choices. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview on currently approved therapies in MS and the emerging evidence-based strategies to adopt for initiating, monitoring, and eventually adapting a therapeutic regimen with DMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Callegari
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Derfuss
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Edoardo Galli
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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133
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Tomaipitinca L, Russo E, Bernardini G. NK cell surveillance of hematological malignancies. Therapeutic implications and regulation by chemokine receptors. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 80:100968. [PMID: 34045078 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
NK cells are circulating innate lymphoid cells that constantly move from bloodstream into tissues, exerting several functions including tumor surveillance. For this reason, NK cells are considered attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. Several strategies are employed to harness NK cell efficacy especially in hematological tumors, including adoptive transfer, genetic manipulation to overexpress chimeric antigen receptors and cytokine or immunomodulatory drug treatments of ex-vivo cultivated and expanded NK cells. Several chemokine receptors support NK cell tissue homing and are required for efficient tumor infiltration. Nevertheless, chemokine receptor expression is often insufficient, or their respective ligands may not be expressed in the tumor microenvironment, thus limiting NK cell localization at the tumor site. Therefore, strategies to implement expression or promote the function of the correct chemokine receptor/ligand axes have been employed in the last years with promising results in preclinical models. In this review, we discuss how chemokine receptors and their ligands regulate the trafficking and localization of NK cells in hematological tumors and how the chemokine function can be manipulated to improve current therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Tomaipitinca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Institute Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Institute Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Institute Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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134
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Rohrhofer J, Zwirzitz B, Selberherr E, Untersmayr E. The Impact of Dietary Sphingolipids on Intestinal Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Immune Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:635704. [PMID: 34054805 PMCID: PMC8160510 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The large surfaces of gastrointestinal (GI) organs are well adapted to their diverse tasks of selective nutritional uptake and defense against the external environment. To maintain a functional balance, a vast number of immune cells is located within the mucosa. A strictly regulated immune response is required to impede constant inflammation and to maintain barrier function. An increasing prevalence of GI diseases has been reported in Western societies over the past decades. This surge in GI disorders has been linked to dietary changes followed by an imbalance of the gut microbiome, leading to a chronic, low grade inflammation of the gut epithelium. To counteract the increasing health care costs associated with diseases, it is paramount to understand the mechanisms driving immuno-nutrition, the associations between nutritional compounds, the commensal gut microbiota, and the host immune response. Dietary compounds such as lipids, play a central role in GI barrier function. Bioactive sphingolipids (SLs), e.g. sphingomyelin (SM), sphingosine (Sph), ceramide (Cer), sphingosine-1- phosphate (S1P) and ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) may derive from dietary SLs ingested through the diet. They are not only integral components of cell membranes, they additionally modulate cell trafficking and are precursors for mediators and second messenger molecules. By regulating intracellular calcium levels, cell motility, cell proliferation and apoptosis, SL metabolites have been described to influence GI immune homeostasis positively and detrimentally. Furthermore, dietary SLs are suggested to induce a shift in the gut microbiota. Modes of action range from competing with the commensal bacteria for intestinal cell attachment to prevention from pathogen invasion by regulating innate and immediate defense mechanisms. SL metabolites can also be produced by gut microorganisms, directly impacting host metabolic pathways. This review aims to summarize recent findings on SL signaling and functional variations of dietary SLs. We highlight novel insights in SL homeostasis and SL impact on GI barrier function, which is directly linked to changes of the intestinal microbiota. Knowledge gaps in current literature will be discussed to address questions relevant for understanding the pivotal role of dietary SLs on chronic, low grade inflammation and to define a balanced and healthy diet for disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Rohrhofer
- Gastrointestinal Immunology Group, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Zwirzitz
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Evelyne Selberherr
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Gastrointestinal Immunology Group, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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135
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Christian LS, Wang L, Lim B, Deng D, Wu H, Wang XF, Li QJ. Resident memory T cells in tumor-distant tissues fortify against metastasis formation. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109118. [PMID: 33979626 PMCID: PMC8204287 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a critical machinery for rapid pathogen removal, resident memory T cells (TRMs) are locally generated after the initial encounter. However, their development accompanying tumorigenesis remains elusive. Using a murine breast cancer model, we show that TRMs develop in the tumor, the contralateral mammary mucosa, and the pre-metastatic lung. Single-cell RNA sequencing of TRMs reveals two phenotypically distinct populations representing their active versus quiescent phases. These TRMs in different tissue compartments share the same TCR clonotypes and transcriptomes with a subset of intratumoral effector/effector memory T cells (TEff/EMs), indicating their developmental ontogeny. Furthermore, CXCL16 is highly produced by tumor cells and CXCR6- TEff/EMs are the major subset preferentially egressing the tumor to form distant TRMs. Functionally, releasing CXCR6 retention in the primary tumor amplifies tumor-derived TRMs in the lung and leads to superior protection against metastases. This immunologic fortification suggests a potential strategy to prevent metastasis in clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Christian
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Liuyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Bryan Lim
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dachuan Deng
- TCRCure (TianKeYa) Biopharma, Ltd., Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Haiyang Wu
- TCRCure (TianKeYa) Biopharma, Ltd., Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Qi-Jing Li
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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136
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Gisleskog PO, Valenzuela B, Scherz T, Burcklen M, Pérez-Ruixo JJ, Poggesi I. An Exposure-Response Analysis of the Clinical Efficacy of Ponesimod in a Randomized Phase II Study in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Clin Pharmacokinet 2021; 60:1227-1237. [PMID: 33914286 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-021-01020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Ponesimod is a sphingosphine-1-phosphate receptor modulator being developed for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. The effects of disease-modifying treatments on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions in relapsing multiple sclerosis accurately predict effects on clinical relapses, therefore MRI lesion counts are generally accepted efficacy endpoints in phase II clinical studies of multiple sclerosis disease-modifying treatments. Here, we characterize the effect of ponesimod systemic exposure on the cumulative number of T1 gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) lesions and the annualized relapse rate in a phase IIb study. METHODS This study assessed the cumulative number of new Gd+ lesions on T1-weighted MRI scans (primary endpoint) at weeks 12, 16, 20, and 24 and the annualized relapse rate (secondary endpoint). The effect of the demographic and prognostic covariates of sex, age, weight, T1 Gd+ lesions at baseline, and Expanded Disability Status Scale score at baseline were explored. Analyses were performed using NONMEM, Version 7.3.0 (ICON plc). RESULTS An increase in ponesimod exposure led to a statistically significant decrease in the cumulative T1 Gd+ lesions on MRI from week 12 to 24 of treatment. Increasing the ponesimod daily dose beyond 20 mg did not provide significant additional benefits. Sex, age, T1 Gd+ lesions at baseline, and Expanded Disability Status Scale score at baseline were associated with a higher number of new cumulative T1 Gd+ from week 12 to 24 of treatment. CONCLUSIONS This analysis shows a relationship between ponesimod exposure and the cumulative number of new T1 Gd+ lesions. Sex, age, T1 Gd+ lesions at baseline, and Expanded Disability Status Score at baseline were not found to be importantly associated with the magnitude of ponesimod effect, and consequently, there is no indication from these analyses that dosage adjustments based on the explored covariates are warranted. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01006265, registration date 1 November, 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Belén Valenzuela
- Janssen-Cilag Spain, part of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tatiana Scherz
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, part of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Michel Burcklen
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, part of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Italo Poggesi
- Janssen-Cilag Italy, part of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, Milan, Italy.
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137
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Valenzuela B, Pérez-Ruixo JJ, Leirens Q, Ouwerkerk-Mahadevan S, Poggesi I. Effect of Ponesimod Exposure on Total Lymphocyte Dynamics in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Clin Pharmacokinet 2021; 60:1239-1250. [PMID: 33914285 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-021-01019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize the relationship between ponesimod plasma concentrations and the temporal evolution of lymphocyte counts in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. METHODS Population pharmacokinetic (PK) and PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) models were developed using data from phase I, II, and III trials, and the impact of clinically relevant covariates on PK and PD parameters was assessed. Simulations were conducted to evaluate the maximal lymphocyte count reduction after ponesimod treatment, and the time required for total lymphocyte counts to return to normal values after treatment interruption. RESULTS In MS patients, ponesimod PK were characterized by a low mean apparent plasma clearance (5.52 L/h) and a moderate mean apparent volume of distribution at steady state (239 L). The model developed indicated that none of the evaluated covariates (age, sex, formulation, food, body weight, clinical condition, and renal impairment) had a clinically relevant impact on the PK/PD parameters. In MS patients, total lymphocyte counts were characterized by a maximum reduction of 88.0% and a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 54.9 ng/mL. Simulations indicated that in patients with normal hepatic function treated with ponesimod 20 mg daily, total lymphocyte counts were reduced to 41% of baseline at trough. After stopping treatment, lymphocyte counts were restored to normal levels within one week. CONCLUSIONS The population PK/PD model well-characterized the PK of ponesimod and the time course of total lymphocyte counts in MS patients. Additionally, none of the evaluated covariates had a clinically relevant impact. This should be taken into consideration when assessing the risk of infection, administration of live-attenuated vaccines, and concomitant use of immunosuppressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Valenzuela
- Janssen-Cilag Spain, Part of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan-José Pérez-Ruixo
- Janssen-Cilag Spain, Part of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Madrid, Spain
| | - Quentin Leirens
- SGS Exprimo, part of SGS Belgium NV, Mechelen, Belgium.,Pharmetheus AB, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Italo Poggesi
- Janssen-Cilag Italy, part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Cologno Monzese, Italy
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138
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In Sickness and in Health: The Immunological Roles of the Lymphatic System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094458. [PMID: 33923289 PMCID: PMC8123157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays crucial roles in immunity far beyond those of simply providing conduits for leukocytes and antigens in lymph fluid. Endothelial cells within this vasculature are distinct and highly specialized to perform roles based upon their location. Afferent lymphatic capillaries have unique intercellular junctions for efficient uptake of fluid and macromolecules, while expressing chemotactic and adhesion molecules that permit selective trafficking of specific immune cell subsets. Moreover, in response to events within peripheral tissue such as inflammation or infection, soluble factors from lymphatic endothelial cells exert “remote control” to modulate leukocyte migration across high endothelial venules from the blood to lymph nodes draining the tissue. These immune hubs are highly organized and perfectly arrayed to survey antigens from peripheral tissue while optimizing encounters between antigen-presenting cells and cognate lymphocytes. Furthermore, subsets of lymphatic endothelial cells exhibit differences in gene expression relating to specific functions and locality within the lymph node, facilitating both innate and acquired immune responses through antigen presentation, lymph node remodeling and regulation of leukocyte entry and exit. This review details the immune cell subsets in afferent and efferent lymph, and explores the mechanisms by which endothelial cells of the lymphatic system regulate such trafficking, for immune surveillance and tolerance during steady-state conditions, and in response to infection, acute and chronic inflammation, and subsequent resolution.
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139
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Blair TC, Alice AF, Zebertavage L, Crittenden MR, Gough MJ. The Dynamic Entropy of Tumor Immune Infiltrates: The Impact of Recirculation, Antigen-Specific Interactions, and Retention on T Cells in Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:653625. [PMID: 33968757 PMCID: PMC8101411 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.653625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of tumor infiltration using conventional methods reveals a snapshot view of lymphocyte interactions with the tumor environment. However, lymphocytes have the unique capacity for continued recirculation, exploring varied tissues for the presence of cognate antigens according to inflammatory triggers and chemokine gradients. We discuss the role of the inflammatory and cellular makeup of the tumor environment, as well as antigen expressed by cancer cells or cross-presented by stromal antigen presenting cells, on recirculation kinetics of T cells. We aim to discuss how current cancer therapies may manipulate lymphocyte recirculation versus retention to impact lymphocyte exclusion in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany C Blair
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University (OHSU), Portland, OR, United States.,Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Alejandro F Alice
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Lauren Zebertavage
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University (OHSU), Portland, OR, United States.,Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Marka R Crittenden
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States.,The Oregon Clinic, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Michael J Gough
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
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140
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Hirahara K, Kokubo K, Aoki A, Kiuchi M, Nakayama T. The Role of CD4 + Resident Memory T Cells in Local Immunity in the Mucosal Tissue - Protection Versus Pathology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:616309. [PMID: 33968018 PMCID: PMC8097179 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.616309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory T cells are crucial for both local and systemic protection against pathogens over a long period of time. Three major subsets of memory T cells; effector memory T (TEM) cells, central memory T (TCM) cells, and tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells have been identified. The most recently identified subset, TRM cells, is characterized by the expression of the C-type lectin CD69 and/or the integrin CD103. TRM cells persist locally at sites of mucosal tissue, such as the lung, where they provide frontline defense against various pathogens. Importantly, however, TRM cells are also involved in shaping the pathology of inflammatory diseases. A number of pioneering studies revealed important roles of CD8+ TRM cells, particularly those in the local control of viral infection. However, the protective function and pathogenic role of CD4+ TRM cells that reside within the mucosal tissue remain largely unknown. In this review, we discuss the ambivalent feature of CD4+ TRM cells in the protective and pathological immune responses. We also review the transcriptional and epigenetic characteristics of CD4+ TRM cells in the lung that have been elucidated by recent technical approaches. A better understanding of the function of CD4+ TRM cells is crucial for the development of both effective vaccination against pathogens and new therapeutic strategies for intractable inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases and chronic allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kota Kokubo
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ami Aoki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiba, Japan
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141
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Atrioventricular block after fingolimod resumption: a consequence of sphingosine-1-phosphate axis alteration due to COVID-19? J Neurol 2021; 268:3975-3979. [PMID: 33852086 PMCID: PMC8045443 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns raised regarding the use of immunosuppressants in multiple sclerosis, even if current data do not support an increased risk of infection. Although fingolimod can be temporarily suspended during COVID-19, the benefit-risk balance of suspension can be challenging. Till now, no adverse events have been described after the resumption of fingolimod, following a previous discontinuation. We report the occurrence of atrioventricular block following fingolimod restart. Fingolimod acts on sphingosine-1-phosphate-axis, a pathway that is altered with COVID-19 and hypoxic conditions. Herein we discuss how these metabolic changes may have influenced fingolimod pharmacology leading to a cardiac event.
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142
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Wendt CH, Castro-Pearson S, Proper J, Pett S, Griffin TJ, Kan V, Carbone J, Koulouris N, Reilly C, Neaton JD. Metabolite profiles associated with disease progression in influenza infection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247493. [PMID: 33798209 PMCID: PMC8018623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed metabolomic profiling to identify metabolites that correlate with disease progression and death. METHODS We performed a study of adults hospitalized with Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. Cases (n = 32) were defined by a composite outcome of death or transfer to the intensive care unit during the 60-day follow-up period. Controls (n = 64) were survivors who did not require transfer to the ICU. Four hundred and eight metabolites from eight families were measured on plasma sample at enrollment using a mass spectrometry based Biocrates platform. Conditional logistic regression was used to summarize the association of the individual metabolites and families with the composite outcome and its major two components. RESULTS The ten metabolites with the strongest association with disease progression belonged to five different metabolite families with sphingolipids being the most common. The acylcarnitines, glycerides, sphingolipids and biogenic metabolite families had the largest odds ratios based on the composite endpoint. The tryptophan odds ratio for the composite is largely associated with death (OR 17.33: 95% CI, 1.60-187.76). CONCLUSIONS Individuals that develop disease progression when infected with Influenza H1N1 have a metabolite signature that differs from survivors. Low levels of tryptophan had a strong association with death. REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01056185.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris H. Wendt
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Section, Minneapolis Veterans Administration Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sandra Castro-Pearson
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Proper
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sarah Pett
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Virginia Kan
- Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Administration Health Care System, and George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Javier Carbone
- Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nikolaos Koulouris
- Respiratory Medicine Dept, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Cavan Reilly
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - James D. Neaton
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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143
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Ma Y, Liu G, Tang M, Fang J, Jiang H. Epigallocatechin Gallate Can Protect Mice From Acute Stress Induced by LPS While Stabilizing Gut Microbes and Serum Metabolites Levels. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640305. [PMID: 33868268 PMCID: PMC8047319 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has potent biological activity as well as strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims to explore the protective effect of EGCG on LPS-induced acute injury. We randomly divided 18 mice into three groups: CON, LPS, and EGCG-LPS. We gave the EGCG-LPS group gavage treatment with EGCG on day 8–15 and an intraperitoneal injection of LPS on day 16 to induce acute injury. The results showed that, compared with the LPS group, the bodyweight of the mice in the EGCG-LPS group increased significantly and effectively inhibited the morphological damage of the jejunum and liver. We measured liver tissue and found that the EGCG gavage treatment significantly inhibited the pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, MIP-2, IFN-γ) and oxidation indicators (MPO, NO, ALT, and AST) levels increase. The microbiological results showed that the EGCG gavage treatment reshaped the disturbance done to the intestinal microbial community in the mice by LPS, reversed the changes in the abundance ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, and significantly reduced the abundance of Enterobacteriales. Finally, the serum metabolomics results showed that, when compared with the LPS group, the gavage treatment of EGCG significantly increased the concentration of sphingomyelin (d17:1/17:0), sphingomyelin (d16:1/20:0), and significantly reduced the content of trans-Hexadec-2-enoyl carnitine, and so on. Therefore, we believe that EGCG can protect mice from acute stress induced by LPS while stabilizing gut microbes in general, improving the metabolism of sphingolipids, and inhibiting the content of harmful metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
| | - Muyang Tang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
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144
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Piao W, Kasinath V, Saxena V, Lakhan R, Iyyathurai J, Bromberg JS. LTβR Signaling Controls Lymphatic Migration of Immune Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040747. [PMID: 33805271 PMCID: PMC8065509 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic functions of lymphotoxin (LT)β receptor (LTβR) signaling are linked to the control of secondary lymphoid organ development and structural maintenance, inflammatory or autoimmune disorders, and carcinogenesis. Recently, LTβR signaling in endothelial cells has been revealed to regulate immune cell migration. Signaling through LTβR is comprised of both the canonical and non-canonical-nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathways, which induce chemokines, cytokines, and cell adhesion molecules. Here, we focus on the novel functions of LTβR signaling in lymphatic endothelial cells for migration of regulatory T cells (Tregs), and specific targeting of LTβR signaling for potential therapeutics in transplantation and cancer patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Piao
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (W.P.); (R.L.)
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (V.S.); (J.I.)
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Vikas Saxena
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (V.S.); (J.I.)
| | - Ram Lakhan
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (W.P.); (R.L.)
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (V.S.); (J.I.)
| | - Jegan Iyyathurai
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (V.S.); (J.I.)
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (W.P.); (R.L.)
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (V.S.); (J.I.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +410-328-6430
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Robertson TF, Chengappa P, Gomez Atria D, Wu CF, Avery L, Roy NH, Maillard I, Petrie RJ, Burkhardt JK. Lymphocyte egress signal sphingosine-1-phosphate promotes ERM-guided, bleb-based migration. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211919. [PMID: 33764397 PMCID: PMC8006814 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202007182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) family proteins regulate cytoskeletal responses by tethering the plasma membrane to the underlying actin cortex. Mutations in ERM proteins lead to severe combined immunodeficiency, but the function of these proteins in T cells remains poorly defined. Using mice in which T cells lack all ERM proteins, we demonstrate a selective role for these proteins in facilitating S1P-dependent egress from lymphoid organs. ERM-deficient T cells display defective S1P-induced migration in vitro, despite normal responses to standard protein chemokines. Analysis of these defects revealed that S1P promotes a fundamentally different mode of migration than chemokines, characterized by intracellular pressurization and bleb-based motility. ERM proteins facilitate this process, controlling directional migration by limiting blebbing to the leading edge. We propose that the distinct modes of motility induced by S1P and chemokines are specialized to allow T cell migration across lymphatic barriers and through tissue stroma, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner F Robertson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Daniela Gomez Atria
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christine F Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lyndsay Avery
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nathan H Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ryan J Petrie
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Janis K Burkhardt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Hutami IR, Izawa T, Khurel-Ochir T, Sakamaki T, Iwasa A, Tomita S, Tanaka E. HIF-1α controls palatal wound healing by regulating macrophage motility via S1P/S1P 1 signaling axis. Oral Dis 2021; 28:1157-1169. [PMID: 33759275 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) signaling, the expression profile of M1 and M2 macrophages, and the role of the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor system in palatal wound healing of heterozygous HIF-1α-deficient (HIF-1α HET) mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS HIF-1α HET and wild-type (WT) littermates underwent palatal tissue excision at the mid-hard palate. Histological analysis, immunostaining, real-time PCR, Western blotting (WB), and cellular migration assays were performed to analyze wound closure and macrophage infiltration. RESULTS DMOG pretreatment showed an acceleration of palatal wound closure in WT mice. In contrast, the delayed palatal wound closure was observed in HIF-1α HET mice with diminished production of Col1a1, MCP-1, and MIP-1α, compared with WT mice. Decreased infiltration of M1 macrophage (F4/80+ TNF-α+ , F4/80+ iNOS+ ) and M2 macrophage (F4/80+ Arginase-1+ , F4/80+ CD163+ ) was observed. The numbers of F4/80+ S1P1 + macrophages of HIF-1α HET wounded tissues were significantly lower compared with WT tissues. S1P treatment of bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) significantly upregulated expression of S1P1 in WT mice compared with HIF-1α HET. Phosphorylation of MAPK rapidly decreased in BMMs of HIF-1α HET mice than in BMMs of WT mice by S1P stimulation. Moreover, S1P enhanced HIF-1α expression via S1P1 receptors to affect macrophage migration. CONCLUSIONS HIF-1α deficiency aggravates M1 and M2 macrophage infiltration and controls macrophage motility via S1P/S1P1 signaling. These results suggest that HIF-1α signaling may contribute to the regulation of palatal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islamy Rahma Hutami
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
| | - Takashi Izawa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tsendsuren Khurel-Ochir
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takuma Sakamaki
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akihiko Iwasa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tomita
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Tanaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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147
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Rakhra K, Abraham W, Wang C, Moynihan KD, Li N, Donahue N, Baldeon AD, Irvine DJ. Exploiting albumin as a mucosal vaccine chaperone for robust generation of lung-resident memory T cells. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabd8003. [PMID: 33741657 PMCID: PMC8279396 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd8003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) can profoundly enhance mucosal immunity, but parameters governing TRM induction by vaccination remain poorly understood. Here, we describe an approach exploiting natural albumin transport across the airway epithelium to enhance mucosal TRM generation by vaccination. Pulmonary immunization with albumin-binding amphiphile conjugates of peptide antigens and CpG adjuvant (amph-vaccines) increased vaccine accumulation in the lung and mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs). Amph-vaccines prolonged antigen presentation in MLNs over 2 weeks, leading to 25-fold increased lung-resident T cell responses over traditional immunization and enhanced protection from viral or tumor challenge. Mimicking such prolonged exposure through repeated administration of soluble vaccine revealed that persistence of both antigen and adjuvant was critical for optimal TRM induction, mediated through T cell priming in MLNs after prime, and directly in the lung tissue after boost. Thus, vaccine persistence strongly promotes TRM induction, and amph-conjugates may provide a practical approach to achieve such kinetics in mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Rakhra
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wuhbet Abraham
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chensu Wang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kelly D Moynihan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Na Li
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nathan Donahue
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexis D Baldeon
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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148
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Progression of Metastasis through Lymphatic System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030627. [PMID: 33808959 PMCID: PMC7999434 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes are the most common sites of metastasis in cancer patients. Nodal disease status provides great prognostic power, but how lymph node metastases should be treated is under debate. Thus, it is important to understand the mechanisms by which lymph node metastases progress and how they can be targeted to provide therapeutic benefits. In this review, we focus on delineating the process of cancer cell migration to and through lymphatic vessels, survival in draining lymph nodes and further spread to other distant organs. In addition, emerging molecular targets and potential strategies to inhibit lymph node metastasis are discussed.
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149
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Wang Y, Zhang Z, Wan W, Liu Y, Jing H, Dong F. FAM19A5/S1PR1 signaling pathway regulates the viability and proliferation of mantle cell lymphoma. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2021; 42:225-229. [PMID: 33685344 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2021.1895220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Several intracellular pathological processes have been reported to be regulated by the FAM19A5/S1PR1 signaling pathway. However, the role of FAM19A5/S1PR1 signaling pathway in the viability and proliferation of mantle cell lymphoma is not been completely understood. The task of this study is to explore the influence of FAM19A5/S1PR1 signaling pathway in affecting the survival and growth of mantle cell lymphoma. shRNAs against FAM19A5 or S1PR1 were transfected into mantle cell lymphom. Cell viability and proliferation were measured through MTT assay and CCK8 assay, respectively. Our results demonstrated that loss of FAM19A5 significantly reduced the viability of mantle cell lymphom, an effect that was followed by a drop in cell proliferation capacity. Besides, inhibition of S1PR1 also impairs cell survival and interrupt mantle cell lymphom proliferation in vitro. Taken together, our results illustrate that FAM19A5/S1PR1 signaling pathway is associated with the regulation of mantle cell lymphom viability and proliferation. This finding will provide a potential target for the treatment of malignant lymphoma in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wan
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Jing
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Dong
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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150
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Nakai A, Leach S, Suzuki K. Control of immune cell trafficking through inter-organ communication. Int Immunol 2021; 33:327-335. [PMID: 33751050 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a cardinal feature of the immune system. Immune cell trafficking is orchestrated principally by chemokines and adhesion molecules, which guide the cells to the right place and at the right time to efficiently induce immune responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that signals from other organ systems influence the expression of and responsiveness to these guidance cues and consequentially immune cell migration. Neuronal inputs control entry and exit of immune cells to and from lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. The circadian clock helps establish diurnal variations in immune cell distribution among tissues. Nutritional status also alters immune cell homing to the bone marrow. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about inter-organ control of immune cell trafficking and discuss the physiological and pathological significance of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nakai
- Laboratory of Immune Response Dynamics, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Immune Response Dynamics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sarah Leach
- Laboratory of Immune Response Dynamics, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Laboratory of Immune Response Dynamics, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Immune Response Dynamics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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