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Newman AH, Battiti FO, Bonifazi A. 2016 Philip S. Portoghese Medicinal Chemistry Lectureship: Designing Bivalent or Bitopic Molecules for G-Protein Coupled Receptors. The Whole Is Greater Than the Sum of Its Parts. J Med Chem 2019; 63:1779-1797. [PMID: 31499001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The genesis of designing bivalent or bitopic molecules that engender unique pharmacological properties began with Portoghese's work directed toward opioid receptors, in the early 1980s. This strategy has evolved as an attractive way to engineer highly selective compounds for targeted G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) with optimized efficacies and/or signaling bias. The emergence of X-ray crystal structures of many GPCRs and the identification of both orthosteric and allosteric binding sites have provided further guidance to ligand drug design that includes a primary pharmacophore (PP), a secondary pharmacophore (SP), and a linker between them. It is critical to note the synergistic relationship among all three of these components as they contribute to the overall interaction of these molecules with their receptor proteins and that strategically designed combinations have and will continue to provide the GPCR molecular tools of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Francisco O Battiti
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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102
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Casadó-Anguera V, Cortés A, Casadó V, Moreno E. Targeting the receptor-based interactome of the dopamine D1 receptor: looking for heteromer-selective drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:1297-1312. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1664469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verònica Casadó-Anguera
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Antoni Cortés
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Estefanía Moreno
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
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103
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Manchia M, Comai S, Pinna M, Pinna F, Fanos V, Denovan-Wright E, Carpiniello B. Biomarkers in aggression. Adv Clin Chem 2019; 93:169-237. [PMID: 31655730 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive behavior exerts an enormous impact on society remaining among the main causes of worldwide premature death. Effective primary interventions, relying on predictive models of aggression that show adequate sensitivity and specificity are currently lacking. One strategy to increase the accuracy and precision of prediction would be to include biological data in the predictive models. Clearly, to be included in such models, biological markers should be reliably associated with the specific trait under study (i.e., diagnostic biomarkers). Aggression, however, is phenotypically highly heterogeneous, an element that has hindered the identification of reliable biomarkers. However, current research is trying to overcome these challenges by focusing on more homogenous aggression subtypes and/or by studying large sample size of aggressive individuals. Further advance is coming by bioinformatics approaches that are allowing the integration of inter-species biological data as well as the development of predictive algorithms able to discriminate subjects on the basis of the propensity toward aggressive behavior. In this review we first present a brief summary of the available evidence on neuroimaging of aggression. We will then treat extensively the data on genetic determinants, including those from hypothesis-free genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate gene studies. Transcriptomic and neurochemical biomarkers will then be reviewed, and we will dedicate a section on the role of metabolomics in aggression. Finally, we will discuss how biomarkers can inform the development of new pharmacological tools as well as increase the efficacy of preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Stefano Comai
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita Salute University, Milano, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Martina Pinna
- Forensic Psychiatry Unit, Sardinia Health Agency, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Pinna
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Bernardo Carpiniello
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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104
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Duncan AL, Song W, Sansom MSP. Lipid-Dependent Regulation of Ion Channels and G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Insights from Structures and Simulations. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 60:31-50. [PMID: 31506010 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are regulated by lipids in their membrane environment. Structural studies combined with biophysical and molecular simulation investigations reveal interaction sites for specific lipids on membrane protein structures. For K channels, PIP2 plays a key role in regulating Kv and Kir channels. Likewise, several recent cryo-EM structures of TRP channels have revealed bound lipids, including PIP2 and cholesterol. Among the pentameric ligand-gated ion channel family, structural and biophysical studies suggest the M4 TM helix may act as a lipid sensor, e.g., forming part of the binding sites for neurosteroids on the GABAA receptor. Structures of GPCRs have revealed multiple cholesterol sites, which may modulate both receptor dynamics and receptor oligomerization. PIP2 also interacts with GPCRs and may modulate their interactions with G proteins. Overall, it is evident that multiple lipid binding sites exist on channels and receptors that modulate their function allosterically and are potential druggable sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Duncan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom;
| | - Wanling Song
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom;
| | - Mark S P Sansom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom;
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105
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Nagano K, Kwon C, Ishida J, Hashimoto T, Kim JD, Kishikawa N, Murao M, Kimura K, Kasuya Y, Kimura S, Chen YC, Tsuchimochi H, Shirai M, Pearson JT, Fukamizu A. Cooperative action of APJ and α1A-adrenergic receptor in vascular smooth muscle cells induces vasoconstriction. J Biochem 2019; 166:383-392. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The apelin receptor (APJ), a receptor for apelin and elabela/apela, induces vasodilation and vasoconstriction in blood vessels. However, the prolonged effects of increased APJ-mediated signalling, involving vasoconstriction, in smooth muscle cells have not been fully characterized. Here, we investigated the vasoactive effects of APJ gain of function under the control of the smooth muscle actin (SMA) gene promoter in mice. Transgenic overexpression of APJ (SMA-APJ) conferred sensitivity to blood pressure and vascular contraction induced by apelin administration in vivo. Interestingly, ex vivo experiments showed that apelin markedly increased the vasoconstriction of isolated aorta induced by noradrenaline (NA), an agonist for α- and β-adrenergic receptors, or phenylephrine, a specific agonist for α1-adrenergic receptor (α1-AR). In addition, intracellular calcium influx was augmented by apelin with NA in HEK293T cells expressing APJ and α1A-AR. To examine the cooperative action of APJ and α1A-AR in the regulation of vasoconstriction, we developed α1A-AR deficient mice using a genome-editing technique, and then established SMA-APJ/α1A-AR-KO mice. In the latter mouse line, aortic vasoconstriction induced by a specific agonist for α1A-AR, A-61603, were significantly less than in SMA-APJ mice. These results suggest that the APJ-enhanced response requires α1A-AR to contract vessels coordinately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumasa Nagano
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chulwon Kwon
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junji Ishida
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Hashimoto
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun-Dal Kim
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nana Kishikawa
- College of Agro-biological Resource Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mei Murao
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kimura
- Tokyo Takanawa Hospital, 3-10-11 Takanawa, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Kasuya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sadao Kimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yi-Ching Chen
- Cardiovascular Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Hirotsugu Tsuchimochi
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikiyasu Shirai
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - James T Pearson
- Cardiovascular Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Fukamizu
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- The World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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106
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Puchert M, Obst J, Koch C, Zieger K, Engele J. CXCL11 promotes tumor progression by the biased use of the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CXCR7. Cytokine 2019; 125:154809. [PMID: 31437604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine, CXCL11, is highly expressed in different solid tumors and controls tumor growth, metastasis, and lymphocyte infiltration. Although of potential clinical interest, it is presently unknown whether these tumor-promoting activities involve the CXCL11 receptors, CXCR3 and/or CXCR7. This issue is further intrigued by the fact that CXCR3 exists in the two functionally divergent splice variants, CXCR3A and CXCR3B, which exert pro- and anti-tumorigenic influences, respectively. To unravel the role of the various CXCL11 receptors in tumor progression, we have now defined their role in CXCL11-induced chemotaxis of the tumor cell lines, A549, C33-A, DLD-1, MDA-MB-231, and PC-3. CXCL11-induced cell migration was either sensitive to the CXCR3 antagonist, ÀMG487 (DLD-1), the CXCR7 antagonist, CCX771 (C33-A, PC-3), or both (A549, MDA-231). Moreover, in C33-A and PC-3 cells, but not in the other tumor cells, pharmacological activation and inhibition of CXCR3B prevented and potentiated CXCL11-induced cell migration, respectively. Both immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis finally revealed that the observed cell type specific organization of the CXCL11 system is not the result of differences in expression levels or subcellular location of CXCL11 receptors. Our findings imply that the therapeutic use of CXCR3 antagonists in cancer patients requires exact knowledge of the organization of the CXCR3 system in the respective tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Puchert
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jessica Obst
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Koch
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konstanze Zieger
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Engele
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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107
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Sierra S, Gupta A, Gomes I, Fowkes M, Ram A, Bobeck EN, Devi LA. Targeting Cannabinoid 1 and Delta Opioid Receptor Heteromers Alleviates Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:219-229. [PMID: 31565698 PMCID: PMC6764458 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid 1 (CB1R) and delta opioid receptors (DOR) associate to form heteromers that exhibit distinct pharmacological properties. Not much is known about CB1R-DOR heteromer location or signaling along the pain circuit in either animal models or patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Here, we use paclitaxel to induce CIPN in mice and confirm the development of mechanical allodynia. Under these conditions, we find significant increases in CB1R-DOR heteromers in the dorsal spinal cord of mice with CIPN as well as in postmortem spinal cords from human subjects with CIPN compared to controls. Next, we investigated receptor signaling in spinal cords of mice with CIPN and found that treatment with a combination of low signaling doses of CB1R and DOR ligands leads to significant enhancement in G-protein activity that could be selectively blocked by the CB1R-DOR antibody. Consistent with this, administration of subthreshold doses of a combination of ligands (CB1R agonist, Hu-210, and DOR agonist, SNC80) leads to significant attenuation of allodynia in mice with CIPN that is not seen with the administration of individual ligands, and this could be blocked by the CB1R-DOR antibody. Together, these results imply that CB1R-DOR heteromers upregulated during CIPN-associated mechanical allodynia could serve as a potential target for treatment of neuropathic pain including CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Sierra
- Department
of Pharmacological Sciences and Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Achla Gupta
- Department
of Pharmacological Sciences and Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Ivone Gomes
- Department
of Pharmacological Sciences and Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Mary Fowkes
- Department
of Pharmacological Sciences and Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Akila Ram
- Department
of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Erin N. Bobeck
- Department
of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Lakshmi A. Devi
- Department
of Pharmacological Sciences and Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
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108
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sun H, Zhang C, Ma Y, Du M, Chen T. Controlling and online measurement of automatic dual-channel E-FRET microscope. Biomed Signal Process Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2019.101585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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109
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Sanna MD, Borgonetti V, Galeotti N. μ Opioid Receptor-Triggered Notch-1 Activation Contributes to Morphine Tolerance: Role of Neuron–Glia Communication. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:331-345. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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110
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Xue L, Sun Q, Zhao H, Rovira X, Gai S, He Q, Pin JP, Liu J, Rondard P. Rearrangement of the transmembrane domain interfaces associated with the activation of a GPCR hetero-oligomer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2765. [PMID: 31235691 PMCID: PMC6591306 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10834-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can integrate extracellular signals via allosteric interactions within dimers and higher-order oligomers. However, the structural bases of these interactions remain unclear. Here, we use the GABAB receptor heterodimer as a model as it forms large complexes in the brain. It is subjected to genetic mutations mainly affecting transmembrane 6 (TM6) and involved in human diseases. By cross-linking, we identify the transmembrane interfaces involved in GABAB1-GABAB2, as well as GABAB1-GABAB1 interactions. Our data are consistent with an oligomer made of a row of GABAB1. We bring evidence that agonist activation induces a concerted rearrangement of the various interfaces. While the GB1-GB2 interface is proposed to involve TM5 in the inactive state, cross-linking of TM6s lead to constitutive activity. These data bring insight for our understanding of the allosteric interaction between GPCRs within oligomers. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as GABAB, can integrate extracellular signals via allosteric interactions within dimers and oligomers. Here authors use crosslinking and identify two transmembrane interfaces in GABAB which undergo a concerted rearrangement upon agonist activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xue
- Cellular Signaling laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Cellular Signaling laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Cellular Signaling laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Xavier Rovira
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34094 Montpellier cedex 05, France.,Molecular Photopharmacology Research Group, The Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, C. de la Laura, 13, Vic, 08500, Spain
| | - Siyu Gai
- Cellular Signaling laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Qianwen He
- Cellular Signaling laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34094 Montpellier cedex 05, France.
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Cellular Signaling laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Philippe Rondard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34094 Montpellier cedex 05, France
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111
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Luminescence- and Fluorescence-Based Complementation Assays to Screen for GPCR Oligomerization: Current State of the Art. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122958. [PMID: 31213021 PMCID: PMC6627893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have the propensity to form homo- and heterodimers. Dysfunction of these dimers has been associated with multiple diseases, e.g., pre-eclampsia, schizophrenia, and depression, among others. Over the past two decades, considerable efforts have been made towards the development of screening assays for studying these GPCR dimer complexes in living cells. As a first step, a robust in vitro assay in an overexpression system is essential to identify and characterize specific GPCR–GPCR interactions, followed by methodologies to demonstrate association at endogenous levels and eventually in vivo. This review focuses on protein complementation assays (PCAs) which have been utilized to study GPCR oligomerization. These approaches are typically fluorescence- and luminescence-based, making identification and localization of protein–protein interactions feasible. The GPCRs of interest are fused to complementary fluorescent or luminescent fragments that, upon GPCR di- or oligomerization, may reconstitute to a functional reporter, of which the activity can be measured. Various protein complementation assays have the disadvantage that the interaction between the reconstituted split fragments is irreversible, which can lead to false positive read-outs. Reversible systems offer several advantages, as they do not only allow to follow the kinetics of GPCR–GPCR interactions, but also allow evaluation of receptor complex modulation by ligands (either agonists or antagonists). Protein complementation assays may be used for high throughput screenings as well, which is highly relevant given the growing interest and effort to identify small molecule drugs that could potentially target disease-relevant dimers. In addition to providing an overview on how PCAs have allowed to gain better insights into GPCR–GPCR interactions, this review also aims at providing practical guidance on how to perform PCA-based assays.
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112
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Bansal R, Engle SE, Antonellis PJ, Whitehouse LS, Baucum AJ, Cummins TR, Reiter JF, Berbari NF. Hedgehog Pathway Activation Alters Ciliary Signaling in Primary Hypothalamic Cultures. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:266. [PMID: 31249512 PMCID: PMC6582312 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia dysfunction has been associated with hyperphagia and obesity in both ciliopathy patients and mouse models of cilia perturbation. Neurons throughout the brain possess these solitary cellular appendages, including in the feeding centers of the hypothalamus. Several cell biology questions associated with primary neuronal cilia signaling are challenging to address in vivo. Here we utilize primary hypothalamic neuronal cultures to study ciliary signaling in relevant cell types. Importantly, these cultures contain neuronal populations critical for appetite and satiety such as pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and agouti related peptide (AgRP) expressing neurons and are thus useful for studying signaling involved in feeding behavior. Correspondingly, these cultured neurons also display electrophysiological activity and respond to both local and peripheral signals that act on the hypothalamus to influence feeding behaviors, such as leptin and melanin concentrating hormone (MCH). Interestingly, we found that cilia mediated hedgehog signaling, generally associated with developmental processes, can influence ciliary GPCR signaling (Mchr1) in terminally differentiated neurons. Specifically, pharmacological activation of the hedgehog-signaling pathway using the smoothened agonist, SAG, attenuated the ability of neurons to respond to ligands (MCH) of ciliary GPCRs. Understanding how the hedgehog pathway influences cilia GPCR signaling in terminally differentiated neurons could reveal the molecular mechanisms associated with clinical features of ciliopathies, such as hyperphagia-associated obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Bansal
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Staci E Engle
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Patrick J Antonellis
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Logan S Whitehouse
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Anthony J Baucum
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Theodore R Cummins
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jeremy F Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nicolas F Berbari
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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113
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Pelassa S, Guidolin D, Venturini A, Averna M, Frumento G, Campanini L, Bernardi R, Cortelli P, Buonaura GC, Maura G, Agnati LF, Cervetto C, Marcoli M. A2A-D2 Heteromers on Striatal Astrocytes: Biochemical and Biophysical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102457. [PMID: 31109007 PMCID: PMC6566402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous findings indicate that A2A and D2 receptors are co-expressed on adult rat striatal astrocytes and on the astrocyte processes, and that A2A-D2 receptor–receptor interaction can control the release of glutamate from the processes. Functional evidence suggests that the receptor–receptor interaction was based on heteromerization of native A2A and D2 receptors at the plasma membrane of striatal astrocyte processes. We here provide biochemical and biophysical evidence confirming that receptor–receptor interaction between A2A and D2 receptors at the astrocyte plasma membrane is based on A2A-D2 heteromerization. To our knowledge, this is the first direct demonstration of the ability of native A2A and D2 receptors to heteromerize on glial cells. As striatal astrocytes are recognized to be involved in Parkinson’s pathophysiology, the findings that adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors can form A2A-D2 heteromers on the astrocytes in the striatum (and that these heteromers can play roles in the control of the striatal glutamatergic transmission) may shed light on the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pelassa
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy.
| | - Diego Guidolin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35122 Padova, Italy.
| | - Arianna Venturini
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy.
| | - Monica Averna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Giulia Frumento
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy.
| | - Letizia Campanini
- Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy.
| | - Rosa Bernardi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy.
| | - Pietro Cortelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM) Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy.
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Calandra Buonaura
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM) Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy.
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Guido Maura
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy.
| | - Luigi F Agnati
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy.
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Chiara Cervetto
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy.
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy.
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research CEBR, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 5, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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Human nonvisual opsin 3 regulates pigmentation of epidermal melanocytes through functional interaction with melanocortin 1 receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:11508-11517. [PMID: 31097585 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902825116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Opsins form a family of light-activated, retinal-dependent, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that serve a multitude of visual and nonvisual functions. Opsin 3 (OPN3 or encephalopsin), initially identified in the brain, remains one of the few members of the mammalian opsin family with unknown function and ambiguous light absorption properties. We recently discovered that OPN3 is highly expressed in human epidermal melanocytes (HEMs)-the skin cells that produce melanin. The melanin pigment is a critical defense against ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and its production is mediated by the Gαs-coupled melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). The physiological function and light sensitivity of OPN3 in melanocytes are yet to be determined. Here, we show that in HEMs, OPN3 acts as a negative regulator of melanin production by modulating the signaling of MC1R. OPN3 negatively regulates the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response evoked by MC1R via activation of the Gαi subunit of G proteins, thus decreasing cellular melanin levels. In addition to their functional relationship, OPN3 and MC1R colocalize at both the plasma membrane and in intracellular structures, and can form a physical complex. Remarkably, OPN3 can bind retinal, but does not mediate light-induced signaling in melanocytes. Our results identify a function for OPN3 in the regulation of the melanogenic pathway in epidermal melanocytes; we have revealed a light-independent function for the poorly characterized OPN3 and a pathway that greatly expands our understanding of melanocyte and skin physiology.
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115
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Lu E, Cyster JG. G-protein coupled receptors and ligands that organize humoral immune responses. Immunol Rev 2019; 289:158-172. [PMID: 30977196 PMCID: PMC6464390 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
B-cell responses are dynamic processes that depend on multiple types of interactions. Rare antigen-specific B cells must encounter antigen and specialized systems are needed-unique to each lymphoid tissue type-to ensure this happens efficiently. Lymphoid tissue barrier cells act to ensure that pathogens, while being permitted entry for B-cell recognition, are blocked from replication or dissemination. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells often need to be primed by dendritic cells before supporting B-cell responses. For most responses, antigen-specific helper T cells and B cells need to interact, first to initiate clonal expansion and the plasmablast response, and later to support the germinal center (GC) response. Newly formed plasma cells need to travel to supportive niches. GC B cells must become confined to the follicle center, organize into dark and light zones, and interact with Tfh cells. Memory B cells need to be positioned for rapid responses following reinfection. Each of these events requires the actions of multiple G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their ligands, including chemokines and lipid mediators. This review will focus on the guidance cue code underlying B-cell immunity, with an emphasis on findings from our laboratory and on newer advances in related areas. We will discuss our recent identification of geranylgeranyl-glutathione as a ligand for P2RY8. Our goal is to provide the reader with a focused knowledge about the GPCRs guiding B-cell responses and how they might be therapeutic targets, while also providing examples of how multiple types of GPCRs can cooperate or act iteratively to control cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Lu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Pin JP, Kniazeff J, Prézeau L, Liu JF, Rondard P. GPCR interaction as a possible way for allosteric control between receptors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 486:89-95. [PMID: 30849406 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For more than twenty years now, GPCR dimers and larger oligomers have been the subject of intense debates. Evidence for a role of such complexes in receptor trafficking to and from the plasma membrane have been provided. However, one main issue is of course to determine whether or not such a phenomenon can be responsible for an allosteric and reciprocal control (allosteric control) of the subunits. Such a possibility would indeed add to the possible ways a cell integrates various signals targeting GPCRs. Among the large GPCR family, the class C receptors that include mGlu and GABAB receptors, represent excellent models to examine such a possibility as they are mandatory dimers. In the present review, we will report on the observed allosteric interaction between the subunits of class C GPCRs, both mGluRs and GABABRs, and on the structural bases of these interactions. We will then discuss these findings for other GPCR types such as the rhodopsin-like class A receptors. We will show that many of the observations made with class C receptors have also been reported with class A receptors, suggesting that the mechanisms involved in the allosteric control between subunits in GPCR dimers may not be unique to class C GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Julie Kniazeff
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Prézeau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jiang-Feng Liu
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Philippe Rondard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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Moreno E, Cavic M, Krivokuca A, Casadó V, Canela E. The Endocannabinoid System as a Target in Cancer Diseases: Are We There Yet? Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:339. [PMID: 31024307 PMCID: PMC6459931 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been placed in the anti-cancer spotlight in the last decade. The immense data load published on its dual role in both tumorigenesis and inhibition of tumor growth and metastatic spread has transformed the cannabinoid receptors CB1 (CB1R) and CB2 (CB2R), and other members of the endocannabinoid-like system, into attractive new targets for the treatment of various cancer subtypes. Although the clinical use of cannabinoids has been extensively documented in the palliative setting, clinical trials on their application as anti-cancer drugs are still ongoing. As drug repurposing is significantly faster and more economical than de novo introduction of a new drug into the clinic, there is hope that the existing pharmacokinetic and safety data on the ECS ligands will contribute to their successful translation into oncological healthcare. CB1R and CB2R are members of a large family of membrane proteins called G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). GPCRs can form homodimers, heterodimers and higher order oligomers with other GPCRs or non-GPCRs. Currently, several CB1R and CB2R-containing heteromers have been reported and, in cancer cells, CB2R form heteromers with the G protein-coupled chemokine receptor CXCR4, the G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) and the tyrosine kinase receptor (TKR) human V-Erb-B2 Avian Erythroblastic Leukemia Viral Oncogene Homolog 2 (HER2). These protein complexes possess unique pharmacological and signaling properties, and their modulation might affect the antitumoral activity of the ECS. This review will explore the potential of the endocannabinoid network in the anti-cancer setting as well as the clinical and ethical pitfalls behind it, and will develop on the value of cannabinoid receptor heteromers as potential new targets for anti-cancer therapies and as prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Moreno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Milena Cavic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Krivokuca
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enric Canela
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Cai NS, Quiroz C, Bonaventura J, Bonifazi A, Cole TO, Purks J, Billing AS, Massey E, Wagner M, Wish ED, Guitart X, Rea W, Lam S, Moreno E, Casadó-Anguera V, Greenblatt AD, Jacobson AE, Rice KC, Casadó V, Newman AH, Winkelman JW, Michaelides M, Weintraub E, Volkow ND, Belcher AM, Ferré S. Opioid-galanin receptor heteromers mediate the dopaminergic effects of opioids. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2730-2744. [PMID: 30913037 DOI: 10.1172/jci126912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying non-addictive opioid medications is a high priority in medical sciences, but μ-opioid receptors mediate both the analgesic and addictive effects of opioids. We found a significant pharmacodynamic difference between morphine and methadone that is determined entirely by heteromerization of μ-opioid receptors with galanin Gal1 receptors, rendering a profound decrease in the potency of methadone. This was explained by methadone's weaker proficiency to activate the dopaminergic system as compared to morphine and predicted a dissociation of therapeutic versus euphoric effects of methadone, which was corroborated by a significantly lower incidence of self-report of "high" in methadone-maintained patients. These results suggest that μ-opioid-Gal1 receptor heteromers mediate the dopaminergic effects of opioids that may lead to a lower addictive liability of opioids with selective low potency for the μ-opioid-Gal1 receptor heteromer, exemplified by methadone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jordi Bonaventura
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, and
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Intramural Research Program (IRP), NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas O Cole
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Julia Purks
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy S Billing
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Ebonie Massey
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Wagner
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric D Wish
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Sherry Lam
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, and
| | - Estefanía Moreno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verònica Casadó-Anguera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aaron D Greenblatt
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Vicent Casadó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amy H Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Intramural Research Program (IRP), NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John W Winkelman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Eric Weintraub
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Annabelle M Belcher
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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120
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Ehrlich AT, Kieffer BL, Darcq E. Current strategies toward safer mu opioid receptor drugs for pain management. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:315-326. [PMID: 30802415 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1586882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pain relief remains a major public health challenge. The most efficient available painkillers are opioids targeting the mu opioid receptor (MOR). MORs are expressed in the areas of the brain [including pain and respiratory centers] that are important for processing reward and aversion. Thus, MOR activation efficiently alleviates severe pain, but the concomitant reward and respiratory depressant effects pose a threat; patients taking opioids potentially develop opioid addiction and high risk for overdose. Areas covered: Ongoing efforts to generate safer opioid analgesics are reviewed here. The design of biased compounds that trigger MOR induced G protein over β-arrestin signaling, peripheral opioids, drugs targeting MORs in heteromers and drugs enhancing endogenous opioid activity are discussed. Expert opinion: There is evidence that throttling MOR signaling may lead to an era of opioids that are truly efficient painkillers with lower side effects and risk of overdose. However, few of the drugs derived from the advanced approaches outlined here, are getting approval by regulatory committees for use in clinical settings. Thus, there is an urgent need to (i) better clarify mechanisms underlying the hazardous physiological effects of MOR activation, and (ii) fully validate the safety of these new MOR-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza T Ehrlich
- a Department of Psychiatry , McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Center , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- a Department of Psychiatry , McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Center , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Emmanuel Darcq
- a Department of Psychiatry , McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Center , Montréal , QC , Canada
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121
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Albee LJ, LaPorte HM, Gao X, Eby JM, Cheng YH, Nevins AM, Volkman BF, Gaponenko V, Majetschak M. Identification and functional characterization of arginine vasopressin receptor 1A : atypical chemokine receptor 3 heteromers in vascular smooth muscle. Open Biol 2019; 8:rsob.170207. [PMID: 29386406 PMCID: PMC5795052 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent observations suggest that atypical chemokine receptor (ACKR)3 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor (CXCR)4 regulate human vascular smooth muscle function through hetero-oligomerization with α1-adrenoceptors. Here, we show that ACKR3 also regulates arginine vasopressin receptor (AVPR)1A. We observed that ACKR3 agonists inhibit arginine vasopressin (aVP)-induced inositol trisphosphate (IP3) production in human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs) and antagonize aVP-mediated constriction of isolated arteries. Proximity ligation assays, co-immunoprecipitation and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer experiments suggested that recombinant and endogenous ACKR3 and AVPR1A interact on the cell surface. Interference with ACKR3 : AVPR1A heteromerization using siRNA and peptide analogues of transmembrane domains of ACKR3 abolished aVP-induced IP3 production. aVP stimulation resulted in β-arrestin 2 recruitment to AVPR1A and ACKR3. While ACKR3 activation failed to cross-recruit β-arrestin 2 to AVPR1A, the presence of ACKR3 reduced the efficacy of aVP-induced β-arrestin 2 recruitment to AVPR1A. AVPR1A and ACKR3 co-internalized upon agonist stimulation in hVSMC. These data suggest that AVPR1A : ACKR3 heteromers are constitutively expressed in hVSMC, provide insights into molecular events at the heteromeric receptor complex, and offer a mechanistic basis for interactions between the innate immune and vasoactive neurohormonal systems. Our findings suggest that ACKR3 is a regulator of vascular smooth muscle function and a possible drug target in diseases associated with impaired vascular reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Albee
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S. 1st Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Heather M LaPorte
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S. 1st Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Xianlong Gao
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S. 1st Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Jonathan M Eby
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S. 1st Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - You-Hong Cheng
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S. 1st Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Amanda M Nevins
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Vadim Gaponenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Matthias Majetschak
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S. 1st Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S. 1st Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Signaling characteristics and functional regulation of delta opioid-kappa opioid receptor (DOP-KOP) heteromers in peripheral sensory neurons. Neuropharmacology 2019; 151:208-218. [PMID: 30776373 PMCID: PMC6500751 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Receptor heteromers often display distinct pharmacological and functional properties compared to the individual receptor constituents. In this study, we compared the properties of the DOP-KOP heteromer agonist, 6'-guanidinonaltrindole (6'-GNTI), with agonists for DOP ([D-Pen2,5]-enkephalin [DPDPE]) and KOP (U50488) in peripheral sensory neurons in culture and in vivo. In primary cultures, all three agonists inhibited PGE2-stimulated cAMP accumulation as well as activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) with similar efficacy. ERK activation by U50488 was Gi-protein mediated but that by DPDPE or 6'-GNTI was Gi-protein independent (i.e., pertussis toxin insensitive). Brief pretreatment with DPDPE or U50488 resulted in loss of cAMP signaling, however, no desensitization occurred with 6'-GNTI pretreatment. In vivo, following intraplantar injection, all three agonists reduced thermal nociception. The dose-response curves for DPDPE and 6'-GNTI were monotonic whereas the curve for U50488 was an inverted U-shape. Inhibition of ERK blocked the downward phase and shifted the curve for U50488 to the right. Following intraplantar injection of carrageenan, antinociceptive responses to either DPDPE or U50488 were transient but could be prolonged with inhibitors of 12/15-lipoxgenases (LOX). By contrast, responsiveness to 6'-GNTI remained for a prolonged time in the absence of LOX inhibitors. Further, pretreatment with the 12/15-LOX metabolites, 12- and 15- hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, abolished responses to U50488 and DPDPE but had no effect on 6'-GNTI-mediated responses either in cultures or in vivo. Overall, these results suggest that DOP-KOP heteromers exhibit unique signaling and functional regulation in peripheral sensory neurons and may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of pain.
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Matera C, Bono F, Pelucchi S, Collo G, Bontempi L, Gotti C, Zoli M, De Amici M, Missale C, Fiorentini C, Dallanoce C. The novel hybrid agonist HyNDA-1 targets the D3R-nAChR heteromeric complex in dopaminergic neurons. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:154-168. [PMID: 30772268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we designed, synthesized and tested a small set of three new derivatives potentially targeting the D3R-nAChR heteromer, a receptor complex recently identified and characterized as the molecular entity that, in dopaminergic neurons, mediates the neurotrophic effects of nicotine. By means of a partially rigidified spacer of variable length, we incorporated in the new compounds (1a-c) the pharmacophoric substructure of a known β2-subunit-containing nAChR agonist (A-84543) and that of the D2/D3R agonist drug ropinirole. All the compounds retained the ability to bind with high affinity both β2-subunit-containing nAChR and D3R. Compound 1a, renamed HyNDA-1, which is characterized by the shortest linker moiety, was the most interesting ligand. We found, in fact, that HyNDA-1 significantly modulated structural plasticity on both mice and human dopaminergic neurons, an effect strongly prevented by co-incubating this ligand with either nAChR or D3R antagonists. Moreover, the neurotrophic effects of HyNDA-1 were specifically lost by disrupting the complex with specific interfering peptides. Interestingly, by using the Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer 2 (BRET2) assay in HEK-293 transfected cells, we also found that HyNDA-1 has the ability to increase the affinity of interaction between nAChR and D3R. Overall, our results indicate that the neurotrophic effects of HyNDA-1 are mediated by activation of the D3R-nAChR heteromeric complex specifically expressed on dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Matera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche - Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Bono
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale - Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Pelucchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ginetta Collo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale - Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bontempi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale - Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gotti
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, CNR, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Zoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco De Amici
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche - Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Missale
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale - Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorentini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale - Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Clelia Dallanoce
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche - Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Cortés A, Casadó-Anguera V, Moreno E, Casadó V. The heterotetrameric structure of the adenosine A 1-dopamine D 1 receptor complex: Pharmacological implication for restless legs syndrome. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2019; 84:37-78. [PMID: 31229177 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dopaminergic and purinergic signaling play a pivotal role in neurological diseases associated with motor symptoms, including Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington disease, Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), spinal cord injury (SCI), and ataxias. Extracellular dopamine and adenosine exert their functions interacting with specific dopamine (DR) or adenosine (AR) receptors, respectively, expressed on the surface of target cells. These receptors are members of the family A of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which is the largest protein superfamily in mammalian genomes. GPCRs are target of about 40% of all current marketed drugs, highlighting their importance in clinical medicine. The striatum receives the densest dopamine innervations and contains the highest density of dopamine receptors. The modulatory role of adenosine on dopaminergic transmission depends largely on the existence of antagonistic interactions mediated by specific subtypes of DRs and ARs, the so-called A2AR-D2R and A1R-D1R interactions. Due to the dopamine/adenosine antagonism in the CNS, it was proposed that ARs and DRs could form heteromers in the neuronal cell surface. Therefore, adenosine can affect dopaminergic signaling through receptor-receptor interactions and by modulations in their shared intracellular pathways in the striatum and spinal cord. In this work we describe the allosteric modulations between GPCR protomers, focusing in those of adenosine and dopamine within the A1R-D1R heteromeric complex, which is involved in RLS. We also propose that the knowledge about the intricate allosteric interactions within the A1R-D1R heterotetramer, may facilitate the treatment of motor alterations, not only when the dopamine pathway is hyperactivated (RLS, chorea, etc.) but also when motor function is decreased (SCI, aging, PD, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Cortés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verònica Casadó-Anguera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estefanía Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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125
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Lobas MA, Tao R, Nagai J, Kronschläger MT, Borden PM, Marvin JS, Looger LL, Khakh BS. A genetically encoded single-wavelength sensor for imaging cytosolic and cell surface ATP. Nat Commun 2019; 10:711. [PMID: 30755613 PMCID: PMC6372613 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine 5' triphosphate (ATP) is a universal intracellular energy source and an evolutionarily ancient, ubiquitous extracellular signal in diverse species. Here, we report the generation and characterization of single-wavelength genetically encoded fluorescent sensors (iATPSnFRs) for imaging extracellular and cytosolic ATP from insertion of circularly permuted superfolder GFP into the epsilon subunit of F0F1-ATPase from Bacillus PS3. On the cell surface and within the cytosol, iATPSnFR1.0 responds to relevant ATP concentrations (30 μM to 3 mM) with fast increases in fluorescence. iATPSnFRs can be genetically targeted to specific cell types and sub-cellular compartments, imaged with standard light microscopes, do not respond to other nucleotides and nucleosides, and when fused with a red fluorescent protein function as ratiometric indicators. After careful consideration of their modest pH sensitivity, iATPSnFRs represent promising reagents for imaging ATP in the extracellular space and within cells during a variety of settings, and for further application-specific refinements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lobas
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1751, USA
- Koniku Inc., 740 Heinz Avenue, Berkeley, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Rongkun Tao
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1751, USA
| | - Jun Nagai
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1751, USA
| | - Mira T Kronschläger
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1751, USA
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philip M Borden
- Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | | | - Loren L Looger
- Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA.
| | - Baljit S Khakh
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1751, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1751, USA.
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126
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Lewis MH, Primiani CT, Muehlmann AM. Targeting Dopamine D 2, Adenosine A 2A, and Glutamate mGlu 5 Receptors to Reduce Repetitive Behaviors in Deer Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 369:88-97. [PMID: 30745415 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.256081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive behaviors are seemingly purposeless patterns of behavior that vary little in form and are characteristic of many neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and neurologic disorders. Our work has identified an association between hypofunctioning of the indirect basal ganglia pathway and the expression of repetitive behavior in the deer mouse model. In this study, we targeted indirect pathway cells of the striatum with single drugs and drug combinations that bind to dopamine D2, adenosine A2A, and glutamate mGlu5 receptors. These receptors function both individually and as receptor heteromers. We found that only the triple drug cocktail (L-741,626+CGS21680+CDPPB) that was designed to increase striatal indirect basal ganglia pathway cell function reduced repetitive behavior in adult male deer mice. No single drug or double drug combinations were effective at selectively reducing repetitive behavior. We found this triple drug cocktail reduced repetitive behavior in both short-acting and long-acting formulations and was effective throughout 7 days of daily administration. Conversely, another triple drug cocktail (quinpirole+SCH58261+MTEP) that was designed to further reduce striatal indirect basal ganglia pathway cell function caused a significant increase in repetitive behavior. Significant and behaviorally selective effects on repetitive behavior were only achieved with the triple drug cocktails that included doses of L-741,626 and quinpirole that have off-target effects (e.g., dopamine D3 receptors). These data further a role for decreased indirect basal ganglia pathway activation in repetitive behavior and suggest that targeting these receptors and/or heteromeric complexes on the indirect pathway neurons of the striatum may offer pharmacotherapeutic benefit for individuals with repetitive behavior disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Amber M Muehlmann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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127
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Therapeutic targeting of HER2-CB 2R heteromers in HER2-positive breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3863-3872. [PMID: 30733293 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815034116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapies have dramatically improved the clinical outcome of HER2-positive breast cancer patients, innate and acquired resistance remains an important clinical challenge. New therapeutic approaches and diagnostic tools for identification, stratification, and treatment of patients at higher risk of resistance and recurrence are therefore warranted. Here, we unveil a mechanism controlling the oncogenic activity of HER2: heteromerization with the cannabinoid receptor CB2R. We show that HER2 physically interacts with CB2R in breast cancer cells, and that the expression of these heteromers correlates with poor patient prognosis. The cannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) disrupts HER2-CB2R complexes by selectively binding to CB2R, which leads to (i) the inactivation of HER2 through disruption of HER2-HER2 homodimers, and (ii) the subsequent degradation of HER2 by the proteasome via the E3 ligase c-CBL. This in turn triggers antitumor responses in vitro and in vivo. Selective targeting of CB2R transmembrane region 5 mimicked THC effects. Together, these findings define HER2-CB2R heteromers as new potential targets for antitumor therapies and biomarkers with prognostic value in HER2-positive breast cancer.
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128
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Pourrahimi AM, Abbasnejad M, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Kooshki R, Raoof M. Intra-periaqueductal gray matter administration of orexin-A exaggerates pulpitis-induced anxiogenic responses and c-fos expression mainly through the interaction with orexin 1 and cannabinoid 1 receptors in rats. Neuropeptides 2019; 73:25-33. [PMID: 30587409 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Different types of trigeminal pains are frequently associated with psychophysiological concerns. Orexin-A and orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) are involved in modulation of both trigeminal pain and anxiety responses. Ventrolateral periaqueductal gray matter (vlPAG), a controlling site for nociception and emotion, receives orexinergic inputs. Here, the role of vlPAG OX1Rs and their interaction with cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor was evaluated in anxiety-like behavior following capsaicin-induced dental pulp pain. Rats were cannulated in the vlPAG and orexin-A was injected at the doses of 0.17, 0.35 and 0.51 μg/rat prior to the induction of pain. The elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) tests were used for assessing the anxiety responses. In addition, the induction of c-fos, in the vlPAG, was investigated using immunofluorescence microscopy. Capsaicin-treated rats displayed significantly higher anxiogenic behavior on EPM and OF tests. Pretreatment with orexin-A (0.51 μg/rat) attenuated capsaicin-mediated nociception, while exaggerated anxiogenic responses (p < 0.05). In addition, orexin-A effects were diminished by the administration of OX1R (SB-334867, 12 μg/rat) and cannabinoid 1 (AM251, 4 μg/rat) receptor antagonists. Intradental capsaicin induced a significant increase in c-fos expression in the vlPAG that was exaggerated by orexin-A (0.51 μg/rat). Blockage of OX1R and CB1 receptors attenuated the effect of orexin-A on c-fos expression in capsaicin-treated rats. In conclusion, the data suggest that manipulation of OX1R and CB1 receptors in the vlPAG alters capsaicin-evoked anxiety like behaviors and c-fos induction in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammad Pourrahimi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Abbasnejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Razieh Kooshki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Raoof
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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129
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Mak SOK, Zhang L, Chow BKC. In vivo
actions of SCTR/AT1aR heteromer in controlling Vp expression and release
via
cFos/cAMP/CREB pathway in magnocellular neurons of PVN. FASEB J 2019; 33:5389-5398. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801732rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah O. K. Mak
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Li Zhang
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau (GHM) Institute of Central Nervous System (CNS) RegenerationJinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Billy K. C. Chow
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
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130
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Sleno R, Hébert TE. Shaky ground - The nature of metastable GPCR signalling complexes. Neuropharmacology 2019; 152:4-14. [PMID: 30659839 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
How G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) interact with one another remains an area of active investigation. Obligate dimers of class C GPCRs such as metabotropic GABA and glutamate receptors are well accepted, although whether this is a general feature of other GPCRs is still strongly debated. In this review, we focus on the idea that GPCR dimers and oligomers are better imagined as parts of larger metastable signalling complexes. We discuss the nature of functional oligomeric entities, their stabilities and kinetic features and how structural and functional asymmetries of such metastable entities might have implications for drug discovery. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Receptor heteromers and their allosteric receptor-receptor interactions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Sleno
- Marketed Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Bureau, Marketed Health Products Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Canada
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Canada.
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131
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Majewski MW, Gandhi DM, Rosas R, Kodali R, Arnold LA, Dockendorff C. Design and Evaluation of Heterobivalent PAR1-PAR2 Ligands as Antagonists of Calcium Mobilization. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:121-126. [PMID: 30655958 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel class of bivalent ligands targeting putative protease-activated receptor (PAR) heteromers has been prepared based upon reported antagonists for the subtypes PAR1 and PAR2. Modified versions of the PAR1 antagonist RWJ-58259 containing alkyne adapters were connected via cycloaddition reactions to azide-capped polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacers attached to imidazopyridazine-based PAR2 antagonists. Initial studies of the PAR1-PAR2 antagonists indicated that they inhibited G alpha q-mediated calcium mobilization in endothelial and cancer cells driven by both PAR1 and PAR2 agonists. Compounds of this novel class hold promise for the prevention of restenosis, cancer cell metastasis, and other proliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Majewski
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Disha M. Gandhi
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Ricardo Rosas
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Revathi Kodali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Leggy A. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Chris Dockendorff
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
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132
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Bagher AM, Kelly MEM, Denovan-Wright EM. Combining SRET 2 and BiFC to Study GPCR Heteromerization and Protein-Protein Interactions. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1947:199-215. [PMID: 30969418 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9121-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the target for many drugs. Evidence continues to accumulate demonstrating that multiple receptors form homo- and heteromeric complexes, which in turn dynamically couple with G proteins, and other interacting proteins. Here, we describe a method to simultaneously determine the identity of up to four distinct constituents of GPCR complexes using a combination of sequential bioluminescence resonance energy transfer 2-fluorescence resonance energy transfer (SRET2) with bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). The method is amenable to moderate throughput screening of changes in response to ligands and time-course analysis of protein-protein oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina M Bagher
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Melanie E M Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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133
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Measuring Recruitment of β-Arrestin to G Protein-Coupled Heterodimers Using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1957:83-91. [PMID: 30919348 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9158-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Initially identified as monomers, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can also form functional dimers that act as distinct signalling hubs for the integration of cellular signalling. We previously found that the angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) and the prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) receptor (FP), both important in the control of smooth muscle contractility, form such a functional heterodimeric complex in HEK 293 and vascular smooth muscle cells (Goupil et al., J Biol Chem 290:3137-3148, 2015; Sleno et al., J Biol Chem 292:12139-12152, 2017). In addition to canonical G protein coupling, GPCRs recruit and engage β-arrestin-dependent pathways. Using BRET-based biosensors, we demonstrate how to assess recruitment of β-arrestin-1 and -2 to AT1R and the AT1R/FP dimer in response to Ang II. Surprisingly, β-arrestin-1 and -2 were recruited to the dimer, in response to PGF2α as well, even though FP alone cannot recruit either β-arrestin-1 and -2.
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134
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Machelska H, Celik MÖ. Advances in Achieving Opioid Analgesia Without Side Effects. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1388. [PMID: 30555325 PMCID: PMC6282113 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are the most effective drugs for the treatment of severe pain, but they also cause addiction and overdose deaths, which have led to a worldwide opioid crisis. Therefore, the development of safer opioids is urgently needed. In this article, we provide a critical overview of emerging opioid-based strategies aimed at effective pain relief and improved side effect profiles. These approaches comprise biased agonism, the targeting of (i) opioid receptors in peripheral inflamed tissue (by reducing agonist access to the brain, the use of nanocarriers, or low pH-sensitive agonists); (ii) heteromers or multiple receptors (by monovalent, bivalent, and multifunctional ligands); (iii) receptor splice variants; and (iv) endogenous opioid peptides (by preventing their degradation or enhancing their production by gene transfer). Substantial advancements are underscored by pharmaceutical development of new opioids such as peripheral κ-receptor agonists, and by treatments augmenting the action of endogenous opioids, which have entered clinical trials. Additionally, there are several promising novel opioids comprehensively examined in preclinical studies, but also strategies such as biased agonism, which might require careful rethinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Machelska
- Department of Experimental Anesthesiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melih Ö Celik
- Department of Experimental Anesthesiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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135
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Casadó-Anguera V, Moreno E, Mallol J, Ferré S, Canela EI, Cortés A, Casadó V. Reinterpreting anomalous competitive binding experiments within G protein-coupled receptor homodimers using a dimer receptor model. Pharmacol Res 2018; 139:337-347. [PMID: 30472462 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been reported to be expressed in the plasma membrane as dimers. Since most ligand binding data are currently fitted by classical equations developed only for monomeric receptors, the interpretation of data could be misleading in the presence of GPCR dimers. On the other hand, the equations developed from dimer receptor models assuming the existence of two orthosteric binding sites within the dimeric molecule offer the possibility to directly calculate macroscopic equilibrium dissociation constants for the two sites, an index of cooperativity (DC) that reflects the molecular communication within the dimer and, importantly, a constant of radioligand-competitor allosteric interaction (KDAB) in competitive assays. Here, we provide a practical way to fit competitive binding data that allows the interpretation of apparently anomalous results, such as competition curves that could be either bell-shaped, monophasic or biphasic depending on the assay conditions. The consideration of a radioligand-competitor allosteric interaction allows fitting these curve patterns both under simulation conditions and in real radioligand binding experiments, obtaining competitor affinity parameters closer to the actual values. Our approach is the first that, assuming the formation of receptor homodimers, is able to explain several experimental results previously considered erroneous due to their impossibility to be fitted. We also deduce the radioligand concentration responsible for the conversion of biphasic to monophasic or to bell-shaped curves in competitive radioligand binding assays. In conclusion, bell-shaped curves in competitive binding experiments constitute evidence for GPCR homodimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verònica Casadó-Anguera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Estefanía Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Josefa Mallol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sergi Ferré
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, I.R.P., N.I.H., D.H.H.S., Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Enric I Canela
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antoni Cortés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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136
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Mores KL, Cassell RJ, van Rijn RM. Arrestin recruitment and signaling by G protein-coupled receptor heteromers. Neuropharmacology 2018; 152:15-21. [PMID: 30419245 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) have a long history of being considered a prime target for drug development to treat a plethora of diseases and disorders. In fact in 1827, the first approved therapeutic in the United States was morphine, a drug that targets a GPCR, namely the mu opioid receptor. However, with the rise in biologics over the last two decades, the market share of small molecules targeting GPCRs has declined. Still, two phenomena concerning GPCR pharmacology, specifically heteromerization and biased signaling, have bolstered new interests in this particular class of drug targets. Heteromerization, the process by which two distinct GPCRs come together to form a unique signaling complex, has been demonstrated between many different GPCRs and has spurred efforts to discover heteromer selective drugs. Additionally, the discovery of biased signaling, a concept by which a GPCR can transduce intracellular signaling by favoring a specific pathway (e.g. G-protein) over another pathway (e.g. arrestin), has led to the development of signal-biased drugs with potentially fewer side effects. Our goal for this review is to highlight studies that have investigated the interplay of these two phenomena by providing an overview of the current literature describing instances where GPCR heteromers have distinct arrestin recruitment profiles when compared to the individual GPCRs, with a focus on those GPCRs expressed in the central nervous system. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Receptor heteromers and their allosteric receptor-receptor interactions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall L Mores
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, United States
| | - Robert J Cassell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, United States
| | - Richard M van Rijn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, United States; Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, United States; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States.
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137
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Cruz SL, Sánchez-Miranda E, Castillo-Arellano JI, Cervantes-Villagrana RD, Ibarra-Sánchez A, González-Espinosa C. Anandamide inhibits FcεRI-dependent degranulation and cytokine synthesis in mast cells through CB 2 and GPR55 receptor activation. Possible involvement of CB 2-GPR55 heteromers. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 64:298-307. [PMID: 30243065 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Activation of high affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI) by IgE/antigen complexes in mast cells (MCs) leads to the release of preformed pro-inflammatory mediators stored in granules by a Ca2+-dependent process known as anaphylactic degranulation. Degranulation inhibition has been proposed as a strategy to control allergies and chronic inflammation conditions. Cannabinoids are important inhibitors of inflammatory reactions but their effects on IgE/Ag-mediated MCs responses are not well described. In this study, we analyzed the effect of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA), the selective CB2 receptor agonist HU308, and the GPR55 receptor agonist lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) on FcεRI-induced activation in murine bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). Our results show that AEA, HU380 and LPI inhibited FcεRI-induced degranulation in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was mediated by CB2 and GPR55 receptor activation through a mechanism insensitive to pertussis toxin. Degranulation inhibition was prevented by CB2 and GPR55 antagonism, but not by CB1 receptor blockage. AEA also inhibited calcium-dependent cytokine mRNA synthesis induced by FcεRI crosslinking, without affecting early phosphorylation events. In addition, AEA, HU308 and LPI inhibited intracellular Ca2+ rise in response to IgE/Ag. CB2 and GPR55 receptor antagonism could not prevent the inhibition produced by AEA and HU308, but partially blocked the one caused by LPI. These results indicate that AEA inhibits IgE/Ag-induced degranulation through a mechanism that includes the participation of CB2 and GPR55 receptors acting in close crosstalk, and show that CB2-GPR55 heteromers are important negative regulators of FcεRI-induced responses in MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia L Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Sede Sur, Mexico.
| | - Elizabeth Sánchez-Miranda
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Sede Sur, Mexico; Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ivan Castillo-Arellano
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Sede Sur, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Daniel Cervantes-Villagrana
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Sede Sur, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Ibarra-Sánchez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Sede Sur, Mexico
| | - Claudia González-Espinosa
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Sede Sur, Mexico.
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138
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Mechanisms of signalling and biased agonism in G protein-coupled receptors. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2018; 19:638-653. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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139
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Keri D, Barth P. Reprogramming G protein coupled receptor structure and function. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2018; 51:187-194. [PMID: 30055347 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The prominence of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in human physiology and disease has resulted in their intense study in various fields of research ranging from neuroscience to structural biology. With over 800 members in the human genome and their involvement in a myriad of diseases, GPCRs are the single largest family of drug targets, and an ever-present interest exists in further drug discovery and structural characterization efforts. However, low GPCR expression and stability outside the natural lipid environments have challenged these efforts. In vivo functional studies of GPCR signaling are complicated not only by the need for specific spatiotemporal activation, but also by downstream effector promiscuity. In this review, we summarize the present and emerging GPCR engineering methods that have been employed to overcome the challenges involved in receptor characterization, and to better understand the functional role of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Keri
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Barth
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne Branch, 1066 Lausanne, Switzerland; Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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140
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Cervetto C, Venturini A, Guidolin D, Maura G, Passalacqua M, Tacchetti C, Cortelli P, Genedani S, Candiani S, Ramoino P, Pelassa S, Marcoli M, Agnati LF. Homocysteine and A2A-D2 Receptor-Receptor Interaction at Striatal Astrocyte Processes. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 65:456-466. [PMID: 30030763 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors in striatal neurons is a well-established phenomenon and has opened up new perspectives on the molecular mechanisms involved in Parkinson's disease. However, it has barely been investigated in astrocytes. Here, we show by immunofluorescence that both A2A and D2 receptors are expressed in adult rat striatal astrocytes in situ, and investigate on presence, function, and interactions of the receptors in the astrocyte processes-acutely prepared from the adult rat striatum-and on the effects of homocysteine on the A2A-D2 receptor-receptor interaction. We found that A2A and D2 receptors were co-expressed on vesicular glutamate transporter-1-positive astrocyte processes, and confirmed that A2A-D2 receptor-receptor interaction controlled glutamate release-assessed by measuring the [3H]D-aspartate release-from the processes. The complexity of A2A-D2 receptor-receptor interaction is suggested by the effect of intracellular homocysteine, which reduced D2-mediated inhibition of glutamate release (homocysteine allosteric action on D2), without interfering with the A2A-mediated antagonism of the D2 effect (maintained A2A-D2 interaction). Our findings indicate the crucial integrative role of A2A-D2 molecular circuits at the plasma membrane of striatal astrocyte processes. The fact that homocysteine reduced D2-mediated inhibition of glutamate release could provide new insights into striatal astrocyte-neuron intercellular communications. As striatal astrocytes are recognized to be involved in Parkinson's pathophysiology, these findings may shed light on the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease and contribute to the development of new drugs for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cervetto
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Arianna Venturini
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Diego Guidolin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Guido Maura
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Passalacqua
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Italian Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Tacchetti
- Experimental Imaging Center, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Cortelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM) Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Susanna Genedani
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Simona Candiani
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Ramoino
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simone Pelassa
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy. .,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research CEBR, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Luigi F Agnati
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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141
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Xue Q, Bai B, Ji B, Chen X, Wang C, Wang P, Yang C, Zhang R, Jiang Y, Pan Y, Cheng B, Chen J. Ghrelin Through GHSR1a and OX1R Heterodimers Reveals a Gαs-cAMP-cAMP Response Element Binding Protein Signaling Pathway in Vitro. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:245. [PMID: 30065627 PMCID: PMC6056640 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1α (GHSR1a) and Orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) are involved in various important physiological processes, and have many similar characteristics in function and distribution in peripheral tissues and the central nervous system. We explored the possibility of heterodimerization between GHSR1a and OX1R and revealed a signal transduction pathway mechanism. In this study, bioluminescence and fluorescence resonance energy transfer and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) analyses were performed to demonstrate the formation of functional GHSR1a/OX1R heterodimers. This showed that a peptide corresponding to the 5-transmembrane domain of OX1R impaired heterodimer construction. We found that ghrelin stimulated GHSR1a/OX1R heterodimer cells to increase the activation of Gαs protein, compared to the cells that express GHSR1a. Stimulation of GHSR1a/OX1R heterodimers with orexin-A did not alter GPCR interactions with Gα protein subunits. GHSR1a/OX1R heterodimers induced Gαs and downstream signaling pathway activity, including increase of cAMP-response element luciferase reporter activity and cAMP levels. In addition, ghrelin induced a higher proliferation rate in SH-SY5Y cells than in controls. This suggests that ghrelin GHSR1a/OX1R heterodimers promotes an upregulation of a Gαs-cAMP-cAMP-responsive element signaling pathway in vitro and an increase in neuroblastoma cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Xue
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bo Bai
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bingyuan Ji
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Physiology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Peixiang Wang
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chunqing Yang
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Rumin Zhang
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yunlu Jiang
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yanyou Pan
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Baohua Cheng
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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142
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143
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Marceau F, Bawolak MT, Fortin JP, Morissette G, Roy C, Bachelard H, Gera L, Charest-Morin X. Bifunctional ligands of the bradykinin B 2 and B 1 receptors: An exercise in peptide hormone plasticity. Peptides 2018; 105:37-50. [PMID: 29802875 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Kinins are the small and fragile hydrophilic peptides related to bradykinin (BK) and derived from circulating kininogens via the action of kallikreins. Kinins bind to the preformed and widely distributed B2 receptor (B2R) and to the inducible B1 receptor (B1R). B2Rs and B1Rs are related G protein coupled receptors that possess natural agonist ligands of nanomolar affinity (BK and Lys BK for B2Rs, Lys-des-Arg9-BK for B1R). Decades of structure-activity exploration have resulted in the production of peptide analogs that are antagonists, one of which is clinically used (the B2R antagonist icatibant), and also non-peptide ligands for both receptor subtypes. The modification of kinin receptor ligands has made them resistant to extracellular or endosomal peptidases and/or produced bifunctional ligands, defined as agonist or antagonist peptide ligands conjugated with a chemical fluorophore (emitting in the whole spectrum, from the infrared to the ultraviolet), a drug-like moiety, an epitope, an isotope chelator/carrier, a cleavable sequence (thus forming a pro-drug) and even a fused protein. Dual molecular targets for specific modified peptides may be a source of side effects or of medically exploitable benefits. Biotechnological protein ligands for either receptor subtype have been produced: they are enhanced green fluorescent protein or the engineered peroxidase APEX2 fused to an agonist kinin sequence at their C-terminal terminus. Antibodies endowed with pharmacological actions (agonist, antagonist) at B2R have been reported, though not monoclonal antibodies. These findings define classes of alternative ligands of the kinin receptor of potential therapeutic and diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Caroline Roy
- CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1 V 4G2, Canada
| | | | - Lajos Gera
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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144
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Porzionato A, Stocco E, Guidolin D, Agnati L, Macchi V, De Caro R. Receptor-Receptor Interactions of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the Carotid Body: A Working Hypothesis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:697. [PMID: 29930516 PMCID: PMC6000251 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the carotid body (CB), a wide series of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators have been identified. They are mainly produced and released by type I cells and act on many different ionotropic and metabotropic receptors located in afferent nerve fibers, type I and II cells. Most metabotropic receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In other transfected or native cells, GPCRs have been demonstrated to establish physical receptor–receptor interactions (RRIs) with formation of homo/hetero-complexes (dimers or receptor mosaics) in a dynamic monomer/oligomer equilibrium. RRIs modulate ligand binding, signaling, and internalization of GPCR protomers and they are considered of relevance for physiology, pharmacology, and pathology of the nervous system. We hypothesize that RRI may also occur in the different structural elements of the CB (type I cells, type II cells, and afferent fibers), with potential implications in chemoreception, neuromodulation, and tissue plasticity. This ‘working hypothesis’ is supported by literature data reporting the contemporary expression, in type I cells, type II cells, or afferent terminals, of GPCRs which are able to physically interact with each other to form homo/hetero-complexes. Functional data about cross-talks in the CB between different neurotransmitters/neuromodulators also support the hypothesis. On the basis of the above findings, the most significant homo/hetero-complexes which could be postulated in the CB include receptors for dopamine, adenosine, ATP, opioids, histamine, serotonin, endothelin, galanin, GABA, cannabinoids, angiotensin, neurotensin, and melatonin. From a methodological point of view, future studies should demonstrate the colocalization in close proximity (less than 10 nm) of the above receptors, through biophysical (i.e., bioluminescence/fluorescence resonance energy transfer, protein-fragment complementation assay, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and photoactivated localization microscopy, X-ray crystallography) or biochemical (co-immunoprecipitation, in situ proximity ligation assay) methods. Moreover, functional approaches will be able to show if ligand binding to one receptor produces changes in the biochemical characteristics (ligand recognition, decoding, and trafficking processes) of the other(s). Plasticity aspects would be also of interest, as development and environmental stimuli (chronic continuous or intermittent hypoxia) produce changes in the expression of certain receptors which could potentially invest the dynamic monomer/oligomer equilibrium of homo/hetero-complexes and the correlated functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Stocco
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Diego Guidolin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luigi Agnati
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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145
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Rivera-Oliver M, Moreno E, Álvarez-Bagnarol Y, Ayala-Santiago C, Cruz-Reyes N, Molina-Castro GC, Clemens S, Canela EI, Ferré S, Casadó V, Díaz-Ríos M. Adenosine A 1-Dopamine D 1 Receptor Heteromers Control the Excitability of the Spinal Motoneuron. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:797-811. [PMID: 29797183 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
While the role of the ascending dopaminergic system in brain function and dysfunction has been a subject of extensive research, the role of the descending dopaminergic system in spinal cord function and dysfunction is just beginning to be understood. Adenosine plays a key role in the inhibitory control of the ascending dopaminergic system, largely dependent on functional complexes of specific subtypes of adenosine and dopamine receptors. Combining a selective destabilizing peptide strategy with a proximity ligation assay and patch-clamp electrophysiology in slices from male mouse lumbar spinal cord, the present study demonstrates the existence of adenosine A1-dopamine D1 receptor heteromers in the spinal motoneuron by which adenosine tonically inhibits D1 receptor-mediated signaling. A1-D1 receptor heteromers play a significant control of the motoneuron excitability, represent main targets for the excitatory effects of caffeine in the spinal cord and can constitute new targets for the pharmacological therapy after spinal cord injury, motor aging-associated disorders and restless legs syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla Rivera-Oliver
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences, Rio Piedras and Cayey Campuses, San Juan, 00936, Puerto Rico
| | - Estefanía Moreno
- Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Network (CIBERNED) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yocasta Álvarez-Bagnarol
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences, Rio Piedras and Cayey Campuses, San Juan, 00936, Puerto Rico
| | - Christian Ayala-Santiago
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences, Rio Piedras and Cayey Campuses, San Juan, 00936, Puerto Rico
| | - Nicole Cruz-Reyes
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences, Rio Piedras and Cayey Campuses, San Juan, 00936, Puerto Rico
| | - Gian Carlo Molina-Castro
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences, Rio Piedras and Cayey Campuses, San Juan, 00936, Puerto Rico
| | - Stefan Clemens
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Enric I Canela
- Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Network (CIBERNED) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Ferré
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Triad Technology Building, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Network (CIBERNED) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Díaz-Ríos
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences, Rio Piedras and Cayey Campuses, San Juan, 00936, Puerto Rico
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146
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Gurevich VV, Gurevich EV. GPCRs and Signal Transducers: Interaction Stoichiometry. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:672-684. [PMID: 29739625 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Until the late 1990s, class A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) were believed to function as monomers. Indirect evidence that they might internalize or even signal as dimers has emerged, along with proof that class C GPCRs are obligatory dimers. Crystal structures of GPCRs and their much larger binding partners were consistent with the idea that two receptors might engage a single G protein, GRK, or arrestin. However, recent biophysical, biochemical, and structural evidence invariably suggests that a single GPCR binds G proteins, GRKs, and arrestins. Here we review existing evidence of the stoichiometry of GPCR interactions with signal transducers and discuss potential biological roles of class A GPCR oligomers, including proposed homo- and heterodimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vsevolod V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Eugenia V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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147
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Khan AB, Carpenter B, Santos e Sousa P, Pospori C, Khorshed R, Griffin J, Velica P, Zech M, Ghorashian S, Forrest C, Thomas S, Gonzalez Anton S, Ahmadi M, Holler A, Flutter B, Ramirez-Ortiz Z, Means TK, Bennett CL, Stauss H, Morris E, Lo Celso C, Chakraverty R. Redirection to the bone marrow improves T cell persistence and antitumor functions. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2010-2024. [PMID: 29485974 PMCID: PMC5919805 DOI: 10.1172/jci97454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A key predictor for the success of gene-modified T cell therapies for cancer is the persistence of transferred cells in the patient. The propensity of less differentiated memory T cells to expand and survive efficiently has therefore made them attractive candidates for clinical application. We hypothesized that redirecting T cells to specialized niches in the BM that support memory differentiation would confer increased therapeutic efficacy. We show that overexpression of chemokine receptor CXCR4 in CD8+ T cells (TCXCR4) enhanced their migration toward vascular-associated CXCL12+ cells in the BM and increased their local engraftment. Increased access of TCXCR4 to the BM microenvironment induced IL-15-dependent homeostatic expansion and promoted the differentiation of memory precursor-like cells with low expression of programmed death-1, resistance to apoptosis, and a heightened capacity to generate polyfunctional cytokine-producing effector cells. Following transfer to lymphoma-bearing mice, TCXCR4 showed a greater capacity for effector expansion and better tumor protection, the latter being independent of changes in trafficking to the tumor bed or local out-competition of regulatory T cells. Thus, redirected homing of T cells to the BM confers increased memory differentiation and antitumor immunity, suggesting an innovative solution to increase the persistence and functions of therapeutic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjum B. Khan
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Carpenter
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Santos e Sousa
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Constandina Pospori
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Reema Khorshed
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Griffin
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Velica
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias Zech
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Ghorashian
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Calum Forrest
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sharyn Thomas
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Gonzalez Anton
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Ahmadi
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angelika Holler
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barry Flutter
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zaida Ramirez-Ortiz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Terry K. Means
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Clare L. Bennett
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Stauss
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Morris
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Lo Celso
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ronjon Chakraverty
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
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148
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Abstract
Neuropeptides are the largest class of intercellular signaling molecules, contributing to a wide variety of physiological processes. Neuropeptide receptors are therapeutic targets for a broad range of drugs, including medications to treat pain, addiction, sleep disorders, and nausea. In addition to >100 peptides with known functions, many peptides have been identified in mammalian brain for which the cognate receptors have not been identified. Similarly, dozens of "orphan" G protein-coupled receptors have been identified in the mammalian genome. While it would seem straightforward to match the orphan peptides and receptors, this is not always easily accomplished. In this review we focus on peptides named PEN and big LEN, which are among the most abundant neuropeptides in mouse brain, and their recently identified receptors: GPR83 and GPR171. These receptors are co-expressed in some brain regions and are able to interact. Because PEN and big LEN are produced from the same precursor protein and co-secreted, the interaction of GPR83 and GPR171 is physiologically relevant. In addition to interactions of these two peptides/receptors, PEN and LEN are co-localized with neuropeptide Y and Agouti-related peptide in neurons that regulate feeding. In this review, using these peptide receptors as an example, we highlight the multiple modes of regulation of receptors and present the emerging view that neuropeptides function combinatorially to generate a network of signaling messages. The complexity of neuropeptides, receptors, and their signaling pathways is important to consider both in the initial deorphanization of peptides and receptors, and in the subsequent development of therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd D Fricker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Lakshmi A Devi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
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149
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Koshimizu TA, Honda K, Nagaoka-Uozumi S, Ichimura A, Kimura I, Nakaya M, Sakai N, Shibata K, Ushijima K, Fujimura A, Hirasawa A, Kurose H, Tsujimoto G, Tanoue A, Takano Y. Complex formation between the vasopressin 1b receptor, β-arrestin-2, and the μ-opioid receptor underlies morphine tolerance. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:820-833. [DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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150
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Sleno R, Hébert TE. The Dynamics of GPCR Oligomerization and Their Functional Consequences. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 338:141-171. [PMID: 29699691 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The functional importance of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) oligomerization remains controversial. Although obligate dimers of class C GPCRs are well accepted, the generalizability of this phenomenon is still strongly debated with respect to other classes of GPCRs. In this review, we focus on understanding the organization and dynamics between receptor equivalents and their signaling partners in oligomeric receptor complexes, with a view toward integrating disparate viewpoints into a unified understanding. We discuss the nature of functional oligomeric entities, and how asymmetries in receptor structure and function created by oligomers might have implications for receptor function as allosteric machines and for future drug discovery.
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