101
|
Heale KA, Alisaraie L. C-terminal Tail of β-Tubulin and its Role in the Alterations of Dynein Binding Mode. Cell Biochem Biophys 2020; 78:331-345. [PMID: 32462384 PMCID: PMC10020315 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-020-00920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dynein is a cytoskeletal molecular motor protein that moves along the microtubule (MT) and transports various cellular cargos during its movement. Using standard Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation, Principle Component Analysis (PCA), and Normal Mode Analysis (NMA) methods, this investigation studied large-scale movements and local interactions of dynein's Microtubule Binding Domain (MTBD) when bound to tubulin heterodimer subunits. Examination of the interactions between the MTBD segments, and their adjustments in terms of intra- and intermolecular distances at the interfacial area with tubulin heterodimer, particularly at α-H16, β-H18, and β-tubulin C-terminal tail (CTT), was the main focus of this study. The specific intramolecular interactions, electrostatic forces, and the salt bridge residue pairs were shown to be the dominating factors in orchestrating movements of the MTBD and MT interfacial segments in the dynein's low-high-affinity binding modes. Important interactions included β-Glu447 and β-Glu449 (CTT) with Arg3469 (MTBD-H6), Lys3472 (MTBD-H6-H7 loop) and Lys3479 (MTBD-H7); β-Glu449 with Lys3384 (MTBD-H8), Lys3386 and His3387 (MTBD-H1). The structural and precise position, orientation, and functional effects of the CTTs on the MT-MTBD, within reasonable cut-off distance for non-bonding interactions and under physiological conditions, are unavailable from previous studies. The absence of the residues in the highly flexible MT-CTTs in the experimentally solved structures is perhaps in some cases due to insufficient data from density maps, but these segments are crucial in protein binding. The presented work contributes to the information useful for the MT-MTBD structure refinement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kali A Heale
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Dr., St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Laleh Alisaraie
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Dr., St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Zhu Y, Zhang Y, He Z, Duan Y, Li Y, Wang J, Zhou M. Detrimental Effects of Multiple Mutations in Position 240 of Fusarium graminearum β 2-Tubulin. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:1522-1529. [PMID: 32352861 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-19-0409-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight (FHB), a destructive disease of cereal crops worldwide. Carbendazim (methylbenzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate [MBC]) is widely used for controlling FHB. A previous study showed that the F240L mutation in the β2-tubulin of F. graminearum (Fgβ2-tubulin) confers hypersensitivity to MBC. Whether the substitution of phenylalanine by other amino acids in position 240 of the Fgβ2-tubulin gene also confers hypersensitivity to MBC is unknown. Moreover, the biological fitness of these mutants is poorly understood. In this study, we substituted position 240 of Fgβ2-tubulin with other amino acids. We found that the F240A, F240E, F240I, and F240Y mutations in Fgβ2-tubulin could also confer F. graminearum hypersensitivity to MBC, although the effective concentration resulting in 50% inhibition (EC50) differed among the mutations. The F240G mutation, in contrast, decreased the sensitivity to MBC. In addition, a molecular docking assay indicated that the binding affinity between Fgβ2-tubulin and MBC were increased by the F240A, F240E, F240I, and F240Y mutations but decreased by the F240G mutation. All mutants had normal conidial morphology, but the growth rates and pathogenicity of the F240A, F240E, F240G, F240I, and F240Y mutants were significantly decreased. Moreover, the F240A and F240G mutants produced twisted hyphae. In addition, microtubules were sparse and rarely observed in β2F240A-EGFP, β2F240E-EGFP, and β2F240G-EGFP. These results indicate that position 240 (phenylalanine) is not only vital to the function of Fgβ2-tubulin but also plays an important role in regulating the sensitivity of F. graminearum to MBC. Any mutation in this site would be detrimental to survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanye Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; and State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuanshuai Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; and State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zongzhe He
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; and State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yabing Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; and State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; and State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; and State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingguo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; and State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Vane EW, He S, Maibaum L, Nath A. Rapid Formation of Peptide/Lipid Coaggregates by the Amyloidogenic Seminal Peptide PAP 248-286. Biophys J 2020; 119:924-938. [PMID: 32814060 PMCID: PMC7474197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein/lipid coassembly is an understudied phenomenon that is important to the function of antimicrobial peptides as well as the pathological effects of amyloid. Here, we study the coassembly process of PAP248-286, a seminal peptide that displays both amyloid-forming and antimicrobial activity. PAP248-286 is a peptide fragment of prostatic acid phosphatase and has been reported to form amyloid fibrils, known as semen-derived enhancer of viral infection (SEVI), that enhance the viral infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus. We find that in addition to forming amyloid, PAP248-286 much more readily assembles with lipid vesicles into peptide/lipid coaggregates that resemble amyloid fibrils in some important ways but are a distinct species. The formation of these PAP248-286/lipid coaggregates, which we term "messicles," is controlled by the peptide:lipid (P:L) ratio and by the lipid composition. The optimal P:L ratio is around 1:10, and at least 70% anionic lipid is required for coaggregate formation. Once formed, messicles are not disrupted by subsequent changes in P:L ratio. We propose that messicles form through a polyvalent assembly mechanism, in which a critical surface density of PAP248-286 on liposomes enables peptide-mediated particle bridging into larger species. Even at ∼50-fold lower PAP248-286 concentrations, messicles form at least 10-fold faster than amyloid fibrils. It is therefore possible that some or all of the biological activities assigned to SEVI, the amyloid form of PAP248-286, could instead be attributed to a PAP248-286/lipid coaggregate. More broadly speaking, this work could provide a potential framework for the discovery and characterization of nonamyloid peptide/lipid coaggregates by other amyloid-forming proteins and antimicrobial peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor W Vane
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Biological Physics, Structure and Design Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Shushan He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lutz Maibaum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Abhinav Nath
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Biological Physics, Structure and Design Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Donthiboina K, Anchi P, Gurram S, Sai Mani G, Lakshmi Uppu J, Godugu C, Shankaraiah N, Kamal A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted N-(2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)cinnamides as tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104191. [PMID: 32891862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A new series of N-(2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl) cinnamides was prepared and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity using various cancer cell lines viz. A549 (human non-small cell lung cancer), MDA-MB-231 (human triple negative breast cancer), B16-F10 (mouse melanoma), BT-474 (human breast cancer), and 4 T1 (mouse triple negative breast cancer). In the series of tested compounds, 12h showed potent cytotoxic activity against non-small cell lung cancer cell line with IC50 value of 0.29 ± 0.02 µM. The cytoxicity of most potent compound 12h was also tested on NRK-52E (normal rat kidney epithelial cell line) and showed less cytotoxicity compared to cancer cells. Tubulin polymerization assay indicated that the compound 12h was able to impede the cell division by inhibiting tubulin polymerization. Moreover, molecular docking study also suggested the binding of 12h at the colchicine-binding site of the tubulin protein. Cell cycle analysis revealed that the compound 12h arrests G2/M phase. In addition, 12h induced apoptosis in A549 cell lines was evaluated by various staining studies like acridine orange, DAPI, analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential, annexin V-FITC, and DCFDA assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Donthiboina
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Pratibha Anchi
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Sowmyasree Gurram
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Geeta Sai Mani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Jaya Lakshmi Uppu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India; School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Sai KKS, Prabhakaran J, Damuka N, Craft S, Rajagopal SA, Mintz A, Mann J, Kumar D. Synthesis and Initial In Vivo Evaluations of [
11
C]WX‐132‐18B, a Microtubule PET Imaging Agent. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaya Prabhakaran
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical Center 1051 Riverside Drive New York 10032 USA
- Area of Molecular Imaging and neuropathologyNew York State Psychiatric Institute 1051 Riverside Drive New York 10032 USA
| | - Naresh Damuka
- Department of RadiologyWake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem North Carolina 27157 USA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Internal MedicineWake Forest University School of Medicine Winston Salem North Carolina 27157 USA
| | - Shamyaa A. Rajagopal
- Department of RadiologyWake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem North Carolina 27157 USA
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of RadiologyColumbia University Irving Medical Center New York 10032 USA
| | - John Mann
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical Center 1051 Riverside Drive New York 10032 USA
- Area of Molecular Imaging and neuropathologyNew York State Psychiatric Institute 1051 Riverside Drive New York 10032 USA
- Department of RadiologyColumbia University Irving Medical Center New York 10032 USA
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Area of Molecular Imaging and neuropathologyNew York State Psychiatric Institute 1051 Riverside Drive New York 10032 USA
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Olatunde OZ, Yong J, Lu C. The Progress of the Anticancer Agents Related to the Microtubules Target. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:2165-2192. [PMID: 32727327 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200729162510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer drugs based on the microtubules target are potent mitotic spindle poison agents, which interact directly with the microtubules, and were classified as microtubule-stabilizing agents and microtubule-destabilizing agents. Researchers have worked tremendously towards the improvements of anticancer drugs, in terms of improving the efficacy, solubility and reducing the side effects, which brought about advancement in chemotherapy. In this review, we focused on describing the discovery, structures and functions of the microtubules as well as the progress of anticancer agents related to the microtubules, which will provide adequate references for researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olagoke Zacchaeus Olatunde
- CAS Key Laboratory of Desing and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structures of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Jianping Yong
- Xiamen Institute of Rare-Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Canzhong Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Desing and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structures of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Abstract
Expansion microscopy (ExM) improves image resolution of specimens without requirements of sophisticated techniques or equipment. Probes or proteins are anchored onto an acrylamide gel matrix which is then expanded with osmotic pressure. As the physical distance between two signal points increases, previously confounded signals can be resolved while their relative spatial locations are retained. ExM has been successfully applied to several animal tissues, but its application to plant tissues was only recently demonstrated. Here we provide a detailed ExM protocol for plant tissues using fluorescent immunostaining of developing Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) seeds as an example. This modified ExM protocol enables expansion of ovule/seed samples, and preserves the majority of fluorescent protein signals in the expanded samples. The fluorescent immunostaining observed using this protocol demonstrates the feasibility of detecting cellular events and subcellular structures in expanded plant samples. This ExM protocol variant for plants can serve as a guideline for applying ExM to various plant tissues and help increase the resolution of corresponding microscopy based studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Kao
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael D Nodine
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Jain N, Moeller J, Vogel V. Mechanobiology of Macrophages: How Physical Factors Coregulate Macrophage Plasticity and Phagocytosis. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2020; 21:267-297. [PMID: 31167103 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-062117-121224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their early-recognized functions in host defense and the clearance of apoptotic cell debris, macrophages play vital roles in tissue development, homeostasis, and repair. If misregulated, they steer the progression of many inflammatory diseases. Much progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying macrophage signaling, transcriptomics, and proteomics, under physiological and pathological conditions. Yet, the detailed mechanisms that tune circulating monocytes/macrophages and tissue-resident macrophage polarization, differentiation, specification, and their functional plasticity remain elusive. We review how physical factors affect macrophage phenotype and function, including how they hunt for particles and pathogens, as well as the implications for phagocytosis, autophagy, and polarization from proinflammatory to prohealing phenotype. We further discuss how this knowledge can be harnessed in regenerative medicine and for the design of new drugs and immune-modulatory drug delivery systems, biomaterials, and tissue scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Jain
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Jens Moeller
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Singh AP, Nigam L, Yadav Y, Shekhar S, Subbarao N, Dey S. Design and in vitro analysis of SIRT2 inhibitor targeting Parkinson's disease. Mol Divers 2020; 25:2261-2270. [PMID: 32591930 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of Sirtuin2 (SIRT2) protein rescues the α-synuclein toxicity in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Thioacetyl group can structurally mimic the acetyl group and restrain the deacetylating p53 reaction by SIRT2. This work evaluated the biological activity of designed pentapeptides inhibitor containing N-thioacetyl-lysine against SIRT2. Pentapeptide by introducing thioacetyl-lysine as an inhibitor of SIRT2 was screened by molecular docking and synthesized by solid phase method. The inhibition of pure recombinant SIRT2 as well as SIRT2 in serum of PD patients by peptide was done by fluorescent activity assay. The inhibition of SIRT2 was assessed in PC12 cell line by measuring acetylated α-tubulin level. The peptide YKK(ε-thioAc)AM and HRK(ε-thioAc)AM were found to be SIRT2 inhibitors by molecular docking. However, YKK(ε-thioAc)AM was more specific towards SIRT2 than SIRT1 (Sirtuin1). It inhibited recombinant SIRT2 by IC50 value of 0.15 µM and KD values 9.92 × 10-8/M. It also inhibited serum SIRT2 of PD. It increased the acetylation of α-tubulin in PC12 neuroblastoma cells which is essential for maintaining the microtubular cell functions of brain. It can be concluded that novel peptide YKK(ε-thioAc)AM may be a platform for therapeutic agent for Parkinson's disease targeting SIRT2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra Pratap Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Lokesh Nigam
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Yudhishthir Yadav
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Naidu Subbarao
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sharmistha Dey
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Hansen WA, Khare SD. Recent progress in designing protein-based supramolecular assemblies. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 63:106-114. [PMID: 32569994 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The design of protein-based assemblies is an emerging area in bionanotechnology with wide ranging applications, from vaccines to smart biomaterials. Design approaches have sought to mimic both the topologies of assemblies observed in nature, as well as their functionally relevant properties, such as being responsive to external cues. In the last few years, diverse design approaches have been used to construct assemblies with integer-dimensional (e.g. filaments, layers, lattices and polyhedra) and non-integer-dimensional (fractal) topologies. Supramolecular structures that assemble/disassemble in response to chemical and physical stimuli have also been built. Hybrid protein-DNA assemblies have expanded the set of building blocks used for generating supramolecular architectures. While still far from reproducing the sophistication of natural assemblies, these exciting results represent important steps towards the design of responsive and functional biomaterials built from the bottom up. As the complexity of topologies and diversity of building blocks increases, considerations of both thermodynamics and kinetics of assembly formation will play crucial roles in making the design of protein-based assemblies robust and useful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William A Hansen
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, NJ, USA
| | - Sagar D Khare
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, NJ, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Geisterfer ZM, Zhu DY, Mitchison TJ, Oakey J, Gatlin JC. Microtubule Growth Rates Are Sensitive to Global and Local Changes in Microtubule Plus-End Density. Curr Biol 2020; 30:3016-3023.e3. [PMID: 32531285 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The microtubule cytoskeleton plays critically important roles in numerous cellular functions in eukaryotes, and it does so across a functionally diverse and morphologically disparate range of cell types [1]. In these roles, microtubule assemblies must adopt distinct morphologies and physical dimensions to perform specific functions [2-5]. As such, these macromolecular assemblies-as well as the dynamics of the individual microtubule polymers from which they are made-must scale and change in accordance with cell size, geometry, and function. Microtubules in cells typically assemble to a steady state in mass, leaving enough of their tubulin subunits soluble to allow rapid growth and turnover. This suggests some negative feedback that limits the extent of assembly, for example, decrease in growth rate, or increase in catastrophe rate, as the soluble subunit pool decreases. Although these ideas have informed the field for decades, they have not been observed experimentally. Here, we describe the application of an experimental approach that combines cell-free extracts with photo-patterned hydrogel micro-enclosures as a means to investigate microtubule dynamics in cytoplasmic volumes of defined size and shape. Our measurements reveal a negative correlation between microtubule plus-end density and microtubule growth rates and suggest that these rates are sensitive to the presence of nearby growing ends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Geisterfer
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82070, USA.
| | - Daniel Y Zhu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82070, USA
| | - Timothy J Mitchison
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Marine Biological Laboratory, Cell Division and Organization Group, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - John Oakey
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Cell Division and Organization Group, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82070, USA
| | - Jesse C Gatlin
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82070, USA; Marine Biological Laboratory, Cell Division and Organization Group, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Li XH, Li WJ, Ju JQ, Pan MH, Xu Y, Sun MH, Li M, Sun SC. CHK2 is essential for spindle assembly and DNA repair during the first cleavage of mouse embryos. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10415-10426. [PMID: 32484784 PMCID: PMC7346029 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The quality of the early embryo is critical for embryonic development and implantation. Errors during cleavage lead to aneuploidy in embryos. As a cell cycle checkpoint protein, CHK2 participates in DNA replication, cell cycle arrest and spindle assembly. However, the functions of CHK2 in early development of the mouse embryo remain largely unknown. In this study, we show that CHK2 is localized on the spindle in metaphase and mainly accumulates at spindle poles in anaphase/telophase during the first cleavage of the mouse embryo. CHK2 inhibition led to cleavage failure in early embryonic development, accompanied by abnormal spindle assembly and misaligned chromosomes. Moreover, the loss of CHK2 activity increased the level of cellular DNA damage, which resulted in oxidative stress. Then, apoptosis and autophagy were found to be active in these embryos. In summary, our results suggest that CHK2 is an essential regulator of spindle assembly and DNA repair during early embryonic development in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Han Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wen-Jing Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jia-Qian Ju
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Meng-Hao Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ming-Hong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mo Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Ding Z, Li F, Zhong C, Li F, Liu Y, Wang S, Zhao J, Li W. Structure-based design and synthesis of novel furan-diketopiperazine-type derivatives as potent microtubule inhibitors for treating cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115435. [PMID: 32278711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plinabulin, a synthetic analog of the marine natural product "diketopiperazine phenylahistin," displayed depolymerization effects on microtubules and targeted the colchicine site, which has been moved into phase III clinical trials for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the prevention of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN). To develop more potent anti-microtubule and cytotoxic derivatives, the co-crystal complexes of plinabulin derivatives were summarized and analyzed. We performed further modifications of the tert-butyl moiety or C-ring of imidazole-type derivatives to build a library of molecules through the introduction of different groups for novel skeletons. Our structure-activity relationship study indicated that compounds 17o (IC50 = 14.0 nM, NCI-H460) and 17p (IC50 = 2.9 nM, NCI-H460) with furan groups exhibited potent cytotoxic activities at the nanomolar level against various human cancer cell lines. In particular, the 5-methyl or methoxymethyl substituent of furan group could replace the alkyl group of imidazole at the 5-position to maintain cytotoxic activity, contradicting previous reports that the tert-butyl moiety at the 5-position of imidazole was essential for the activity of such compounds. Immunofluorescence assay indicated that compounds 17o and 17p could efficiently inhibit microtubule polymerization. Overall, the novel furan-diketopiperazine-type derivatives could be considered as a potential scaffold for the development of anti-cancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongpeng Ding
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Feifei Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Changjiang Zhong
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Feng Li
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqian Liu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shixiao Wang
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianchun Zhao
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenbao Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Tubulin tails and their modifications regulate protein diffusion on microtubules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:8876-8883. [PMID: 32245812 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914772117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are essential components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton that serve as "highways" for intracellular trafficking. In addition to the well-known active transport of cargo by motor proteins, many MT-binding proteins seem to adopt diffusional motility as a transportation mechanism. However, because of the limited spatial resolution of current experimental techniques, the detailed mechanism of protein diffusion has not been elucidated. In particular, the precise role of tubulin tails and tail modifications in the diffusion process is unclear. Here, using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations validated against atomistic simulations, we explore the molecular mechanism of protein diffusion along MTs. We found that electrostatic interactions play a central role in protein diffusion; the disordered tubulin tails enhance affinity but slow down diffusion, and diffusion occurs in discrete steps. While diffusion along wild-type MT is performed in steps of dimeric tubulin, the removal of the tails results in a step of monomeric tubulin. We found that the energy barrier for diffusion is larger when diffusion on MTs is mediated primarily by the MT tails rather than the MT body. In addition, globular proteins (EB1 and PRC1) diffuse more slowly than an intrinsically disordered protein (Tau) on MTs. Finally, we found that polyglutamylation and polyglycylation of tubulin tails lead to slower protein diffusion along MTs, although polyglycylation leads to faster diffusion across MT protofilaments. Taken together, our results explain experimentally observed data and shed light on the roles played by disordered tubulin tails and tail modifications in the molecular mechanism of protein diffusion along MTs.
Collapse
|
115
|
Kwon S, Kim KS. Qualitative analysis of contribution of intracellular skeletal changes to cellular elasticity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1345-1355. [PMID: 31605149 PMCID: PMC11105102 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cells are dynamic structures that continually generate and sustain mechanical forces within their environments. Cells respond to mechanical forces by changing their shape, moving, and differentiating. These reactions are caused by intracellular skeletal changes, which induce changes in cellular mechanical properties such as stiffness, elasticity, viscoelasticity, and adhesiveness. Interdisciplinary research combining molecular biology with physics and mechanical engineering has been conducted to characterize cellular mechanical properties and understand the fundamental mechanisms of mechanotransduction. In this review, we focus on the role of cytoskeletal proteins in cellular mechanics. The specific role of each cytoskeletal protein, including actin, intermediate filaments, and microtubules, on cellular elasticity is summarized along with the effects of interactions between the fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Shin SC, Im SK, Jang EH, Jin KS, Hur EM, Kim EE. Structural and Molecular Basis for Katanin-Mediated Severing of Glutamylated Microtubules. Cell Rep 2020; 26:1357-1367.e5. [PMID: 30699360 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Katanin was the first microtubule (MT)-severing enzyme discovered, but how katanin executes MT severing remains poorly understood. Here, we report X-ray crystal structures of the apo and ATPγS-bound states of the catalytic AAA domain of human katanin p60 at 3.0 and 2.9 Å resolution, respectively. Comparison of the two structures reveals conformational changes induced by ATP binding and how such changes ensure hexamer stability. Moreover, we uncover structural details of pore loops (PLs) and show that Arg283, a residue unique to katanin among MT-severing enzymes, protrudes from PL1 and lines the entry of the catalytic pore. Functional studies suggest that PL1 and Arg283 play essential roles in the recognition and remodeling of the glutamylated, C-terminal tubulin tail and regulation of axon growth. In addition, domain-swapping experiments in katanin and spastin suggest that the non-homologous N-terminal region, which contains the MT-interacting and trafficking domain and a linker, confers specificity to the severing process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Chul Shin
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Kyoung Im
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hae Jang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuroscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Sik Jin
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Hur
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunice EunKyeong Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Altonsy MO, Ganguly A, Amrein M, Surmanowicz P, Li SS, Lauzon GJ, Mydlarski PR. Beta3-Tubulin is Critical for Microtubule Dynamics, Cell Cycle Regulation, and Spontaneous Release of Microvesicles in Human Malignant Melanoma Cells (A375). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051656. [PMID: 32121295 PMCID: PMC7084453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs), microfilaments, and intermediate filaments, the main constituents of the cytoskeleton, undergo continuous structural changes (metamorphosis), which are central to cellular growth, division, and release of microvesicles (MVs). Altered MTs dynamics, uncontrolled proliferation, and increased production of MVs are hallmarks of carcinogenesis. Class III beta-tubulin (β3-tubulin), one of seven β-tubulin isotypes, is a primary component of MT, which correlates with enhanced neoplastic cell survival, metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. We studied the effects of β3-tubulin gene silencing on MTs dynamics, cell cycle, and MVs release in human malignant melanoma cells (A375). The knockdown of β3-tubulin induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, impaired MTs dynamics, and reduced spontaneous MVs release. Additional studies are therefore required to elucidate the pathophysiologic and therapeutic role of β3-tubulin in melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed O. Altonsy
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2T 5C7, Canada; (M.O.A.); (A.G.); (P.S.); (G.J.L.)
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Anutosh Ganguly
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2T 5C7, Canada; (M.O.A.); (A.G.); (P.S.); (G.J.L.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Matthias Amrein
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Philip Surmanowicz
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2T 5C7, Canada; (M.O.A.); (A.G.); (P.S.); (G.J.L.)
| | - Shu Shun Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Gilles J. Lauzon
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2T 5C7, Canada; (M.O.A.); (A.G.); (P.S.); (G.J.L.)
| | - P. Régine Mydlarski
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2T 5C7, Canada; (M.O.A.); (A.G.); (P.S.); (G.J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-403-955-8345; Fax: +1-403-955-8200
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Hwang W, Yoo J, Hwang I, Lee J, Ko YH, Kim HW, Kim Y, Lee Y, Hur MY, Park KM, Seo J, Baek K, Kim K. Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Poly‐Pseudorotaxanes into Artificial Microtubules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wooseup Hwang
- Department of ChemistryPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Jejoong Yoo
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC)Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - In‐Chul Hwang
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC)Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Lee
- Department of ChemistryPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Ko
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC)Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC)Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of ChemistryPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsang Lee
- Department of ChemistryPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Young Hur
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC)Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeng Min Park
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC)Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Jongcheol Seo
- Department of ChemistryPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Kangkyun Baek
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC)Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC)Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of ChemistryPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Ali H, Braga L, Giacca M. Cardiac regeneration and remodelling of the cardiomyocyte cytoarchitecture. FEBS J 2020; 287:417-438. [PMID: 31743572 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult mammals are unable to regenerate their hearts after cardiac injury, largely due to the incapacity of cardiomyocytes (CMs) to undergo cell division. However, mammalian embryonic and fetal CMs, similar to CMs from fish and amphibians during their entire life, exhibit robust replicative activity, which stops abruptly after birth and never significantly resumes. Converging evidence indicates that formation of the highly ordered and stable cytoarchitecture of mammalian mature CMs is coupled with loss of their proliferative potential. Here, we review the available information on the role of the cardiac cytoskeleton and sarcomere in the regulation of CM proliferation. The actin cytoskeleton, the intercalated disc, the microtubular network and the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex each sense mechanical cues from the surrounding environment. Furthermore, they participate in the regulation of CM proliferation by impinging on the yes-associated protein/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif, β-catenin and myocardin-related transcription factor transcriptional co-activators. Mastering the molecular mechanisms regulating CM proliferation would permit the development of innovative strategies to stimulate cardiac regeneration in adult individuals, a hitherto unachieved yet fundamental therapeutic goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hashim Ali
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, UK.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Braga
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, UK.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, UK.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Hwang W, Yoo J, Hwang IC, Lee J, Ko YH, Kim HW, Kim Y, Lee Y, Hur MY, Park KM, Seo J, Baek K, Kim K. Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Poly-Pseudorotaxanes into Artificial Microtubules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3460-3464. [PMID: 31863556 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hierarchical self-assembly of building blocks over multiple length scales is ubiquitous in living organisms. Microtubules are one of the principal cellular components formed by hierarchical self-assembly of nanometer-sized tubulin heterodimers into protofilaments, which then associate to form micron-length-scale, multi-stranded tubes. This peculiar biological process is now mimicked with a fully synthetic molecule, which forms a 1:1 host-guest complex with cucurbit[7]uril as a globular building block, and then polymerizes into linear poly-pseudorotaxanes that associate laterally with each other in a self-shape-complementary manner to form a tubular structure with a length over tens of micrometers. Molecular dynamic simulations suggest that the tubular assembly consists of eight poly-pseudorotaxanes that wind together to form a 4.5 nm wide multi-stranded tubule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wooseup Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jejoong Yoo
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Hwang
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Ko
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsang Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Young Hur
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeng Min Park
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongcheol Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangkyun Baek
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
In vivo comparison of N- 11CH 3 vs O- 11CH 3 radiolabeled microtubule targeted PET ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126785. [PMID: 31753695 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Altered dynamics of microtubules (MT) are implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of brain diseases. Therefore, radiolabeled MT targeted ligands that can penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB) may offer a direct and sensitive approach for diagnosis, and assessing the clinical potential of MT targeted therapeutics using PET imaging. We recently reported two BBB penetrating radioligands, [11C]MPC-6827 and [11C]HD-800 as specific PET ligands for imaging MTs in brain. The major metabolic pathway of the above molecules is anticipated to be via the initial labeling site, O-methyl, compared to the N-methyl group. Herein, we report the radiosynthesis of N-11CH3-MPC-6827 and N-11CH3-HD-800 and a comparison of their in vivo binding with the corresponding O-11CH3 analogues using microPET imaging and biodistribution methods. Both O-11CH3 and N-11CH3 labeled MT tracers exhibit high specific binding and brain. The N-11CH3 labeled PET ligands demonstrated similar in vivo binding characteristics compared with the corresponding O-11CH3 labeled tracers, [11C]MPC-6827 and [11C]HD-800 respectively.
Collapse
|
122
|
Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of new chalcone derivatives containing diaryl ether moiety as potential anticancer agents and tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 95:103565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
123
|
Tabatabaei M, Tafazzoli-Shadpour M, Khani MM. Correlation of the cell mechanical behavior and quantified cytoskeletal parameters in normal and cancerous breast cell lines. Biorheology 2019; 56:207-219. [DOI: 10.3233/bir-190214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammad Mehdi Khani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Vajente N, Norante R, Redolfi N, Daga A, Pizzo P, Pendin D. Microtubules Stabilization by Mutant Spastin Affects ER Morphology and Ca 2+ Handling. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1544. [PMID: 31920731 PMCID: PMC6933510 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) extends as a network of interconnected tubules and sheet-like structures in eukaryotic cells. ER tubules dynamically change their morphology and position within the cells in response to physiological stimuli and these network rearrangements depend on the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton. Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) relies on the repositioning of ER tubules to form specific ER-plasma membrane junctions. Indeed, the tips of polymerizing MTs are supposed to provide the anchor for ER tubules to move toward the plasma membrane, however the precise role of the cytoskeleton during SOCE has not been conclusively clarified. Here we exploit an in vivo approach involving the manipulation of MT dynamics in Drosophila melanogaster by neuronal expression of a dominant-negative variant of the MT-severing protein spastin to induce MT hyper-stabilization. We show that MT stabilization alters ER morphology, favoring an enrichment in ER sheets at the expense of tubules. Stabilizing MTs has a negative impact on the process of SOCE and results in a reduced ER Ca2+ content, affecting the flight ability of the flies. Restoring proper MT organization by administering the MT-destabilizing drug vinblastine, chronically or acutely, rescues ER morphology, SOCE and flight ability, indicating that MT dynamics impairment is responsible for all the phenotypes observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Vajente
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Rosa Norante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Nelly Redolfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Daga
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Lecco, Italy
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute-Italian National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy
| | - Diana Pendin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute-Italian National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Xie B, Wan J, Chen X, Han W, Wang H. Preclinical Evaluation of a Cabazitaxel Prodrug Using Nanoparticle Delivery for the Treatment of Taxane-Resistant Malignancies. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:822-834. [PMID: 31848296 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Taxane-based chemotherapeutics are clinically available as frontline treatment regimens for cervical cancer. However, drug resistance and life-threatening toxicity impair the clinical efficacy of taxanes, so more effective and less toxic therapeutic modalities are urgently needed. Cabazitaxel has attracted increasing interest due to its potential to circumvent the drug resistance by taxanes. We previously showed that tethering docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to cabazitaxel enabled the prodrug to self-assemble into nanoparticles in water. Despite this encouraging finding, the DHA-cabazitaxel conjugate formulation requires further optimization to enhance nanoparticle retention and tumor delivery. We here integrated this conjugate into amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(D,L-lactic acid) copolymers to assemble dCTX NPs The nanoparticle abrogated P-glycoprotein-mediated resistance in cancer cells. In a docetaxel-resistant cervical tumor xenograft-bearing mouse model, the efficacy was augmented by the nanotherapy when compared with solution-based free drugs (i.e., docetaxel and cabazitaxel). Dose intensification of dCTX NPs markedly suppressed the tumor growth in this model. Detailed studies revealed that systemic toxicity was alleviated, and MTD of dCTX NPs was at least 3 times higher than that of free cabazitaxel in animals, which may enable dose increases for clinical studies. In conclusion, the new formulation addresses essential requirements in terms of the stability, safety, and translational capacity for initiating early-phase clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianqin Wan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiaona Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Hangxiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Pradhan A, Kumari A, Srivastava R, Panda D. Quercetin Encapsulated Biodegradable Plasmonic Nanoparticles for Photothermal Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:5727-5738. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Pradhan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Anuradha Kumari
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
La Sala G, Olieric N, Sharma A, Viti F, de Asis Balaguer Perez F, Huang L, Tonra JR, Lloyd GK, Decherchi S, Díaz JF, Steinmetz MO, Cavalli A. Structure, Thermodynamics, and Kinetics of Plinabulin Binding to Two Tubulin Isotypes. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
128
|
Syamala PPN, Soberats B, Görl D, Gekle S, Würthner F. Thermodynamic insights into the entropically driven self-assembly of amphiphilic dyes in water. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9358-9366. [PMID: 32110300 PMCID: PMC7017873 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03103k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of amphiphilic dyes and π-systems are more difficult to understand and to control in water compared to organic solvents due to the hydrophobic effect. Herein, we elucidate in detail the self-assembly of a series of archetype bolaamphiphiles bearing a naphthalene bisimide (NBI) π-core with appended oligoethylene glycol (OEG) dendrons of different size. By utilizing temperature-dependent UV-vis spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), we have dissected the enthalpic and entropic parameters pertaining to the molecules' self-assembly. All investigated compounds show an enthalpically disfavored aggregation process leading to aggregate growth and eventually precipitation at elevated temperature, which is attributed to the dehydration of oligoethylene glycol units and their concomitant conformational changes. Back-folded conformation of the side chains plays a major role, as revealed by molecular dynamics (MD) and two dimensional NMR (2D NMR) studies, in directing the association. The sterical effect imparted by the jacketing of monomers and dimers also changes the aggregation mechanism from isodesmic to weakly anti-cooperative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep P N Syamala
- Universität Würzburg , Institut für Organische Chemie , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Bartolome Soberats
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Daniel Görl
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Stephan Gekle
- Universität Bayreuth , Biofluid Simulation and Modeling, Theoretische Physik VI & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) , 95440 Bayreuth , Germany .
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg , Institut für Organische Chemie , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Tang NH, Fong CS, Masuda H, Jourdain I, Yukawa M, Toda T. Generation of temperature sensitive mutations with error-prone PCR in a gene encoding a component of the spindle pole body in fission yeast. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1717-1720. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1611414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants provide powerful tools for investigation of cellular functions of essential genes. We report here asimple procedure to generate ts mutations using error-prone PCR within pcp1 that encodes aspindle pole body (SPB) component in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This manipulation is not restricted to pcp1, and can be suited to any essential genes involved in other processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngang Heok Tang
- Section of Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Chii Shyang Fong
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hirohisa Masuda
- Telomere Biology Section, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Isabelle Jourdain
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Masashi Yukawa
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Toda
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Wenta T, Jarzab M, Rychlowski M, Borysiak M, Latala A, Zurawa-Janicka D, Filipek A, Lipinska B. Cellular substrates and pro-apoptotic function of the human HtrA4 protease. J Proteomics 2019; 209:103505. [PMID: 31470122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The human HtrA4 protein, belonging to the HtrA family of proteases/chaperones, participates in oncogenesis and placentation, and plays a role in preeclampsia. As the knowledge concerning the biochemical features of this protein and its role at the molecular level is limited, in this work we characterized the HtrA4 molecule and searched for its cellular function. We found that recombinant HtrA4 composed of the protease and PDZ domains is a trimeric protein of intermediate thermal stability whose activity is considerably lower compared to other human HtrA proteases. By pull-down combined with mass spectrometry we identified a large array of potential HtrA4 partners. Using other experimental approaches, including immunoprecipitation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence microscopy we confirmed that HtrA4 formed complexes in vitro and in cellulo with proteins such as XIAP (inhibitor of apoptosis protein), caspases 7 and 9, β-tubulin, actin, TCP1α and S100A6. The recombinant HtrA4 degraded XIAP, the caspases, β-tubulin and actin but not TCP1α or S100A6. Together, these results suggest that HtrA4 may influence various cellular functions, including apoptosis. Furthermore, the panel of potential HtrA4 partners may serve as a basis for future studies of HtrA4 function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wenta
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Jarzab
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michal Rychlowski
- Laboratory of Virus Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Borysiak
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Latala
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota Zurawa-Janicka
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Filipek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Lipinska
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Partial inhibition of the main energetic pathways and its metabolic consequences after in vivo treatment with benzimidazole derivatives in experimental neurocysticercosis. Parasitology 2019; 146:1578-1582. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182019000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBenzimidazole derivatives such as albendazole (ABZ) and mebendazole are important molecules used in helminthic treatment. Neurocysticercosis is the main cause of acquired epilepsy throughout the world and is currently treated with ABZ. New molecules have been studied in order to aid in the treatment of this neglected tropical disease, among them RCB15 and RCB20. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic impact of RCB15 and RCB20 on Taenia crassiceps cysticerci intracranially inoculated in Balb/c mice. Thirty days after the inoculation the mice were treated with 50 mg kg−1 of RCB15, RCB20, ABZ or NaCl 0.9%. The euthanasia and cysticerci removal were performed 24 h after the treatment. The cysticerci were analysed through high performance liquid chromatography. After the treatments, there was an impairment in the main energetic pathways such as glycolytic pathway, homolactic fermentation or in mitochondrion energy production detected through the decrease in pyruvate, lactate, oxaloacetate, malate and fumarate concentrations. This induced the parasite to resort to alternative energetic pathways such as proteins catabolism, propionate fermentation and fatty acids oxidation. Therefore, benzimidazole derivatives are a promising alternative to ABZ use as they also reach the brain tissue and induce a metabolic stress in the cysticerci.
Collapse
|
132
|
Ducray SP, Natarajan K, Garland GD, Turner SD, Egger G. The Transcriptional Roles of ALK Fusion Proteins in Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081074. [PMID: 31366041 PMCID: PMC6721376 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a tyrosine kinase involved in neuronal and gut development. Initially discovered in T cell lymphoma, ALK is frequently affected in diverse cancers by oncogenic translocations. These translocations involve different fusion partners that facilitate multimerisation and autophosphorylation of ALK, resulting in a constitutively active tyrosine kinase with oncogenic potential. ALK fusion proteins are involved in diverse cellular signalling pathways, such as Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and Janus protein tyrosine kinase (JAK)/STAT. Furthermore, ALK is implicated in epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation and miRNA expression, and an interaction with nuclear proteins has been described. Through these mechanisms, ALK fusion proteins enable a transcriptional programme that drives the pathogenesis of a range of ALK-related malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Ducray
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | | | - Gavin D Garland
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK.
| | - Gerda Egger
- Department of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Wang G, Peng Z, Li Y. Synthesis, Anticancer Activity and Molecular Modeling Studies of Novel Chalcone Derivatives Containing Indole and Naphthalene Moieties as Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:725-728. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University
| | - Zhiyun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University
| | - Yongjun Li
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Inaba H, Yamamoto T, Iwasaki T, Kabir AMR, Kakugo A, Sada K, Matsuura K. Fluorescent Tau-derived Peptide for Monitoring Microtubules in Living Cells. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:11245-11250. [PMID: 31460226 PMCID: PMC6648849 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are key cytoskeletal components that modulate various cellular activities with their dynamic structural changes, including polymerization and depolymerization. To monitor the dynamics of MTs in living cells, many drug-based fluorescent probes have been developed; however, these also potentially disturb the polymerization/depolymerization of MTs. Here, we report nondrug, peptide-based fluorescent probes to monitor MTs in living cells. We employed a Tau-derived peptide (TP) that has been shown to bind MTs without inhibiting polymerization/depolymerization in vitro. We show that a tetramethylrhodamine (TMR)-labeled TP (TP-TMR) is internalized into HepG2 cells and binds to intracellular MTs, enabling visualization of MTs as clear, fibrous structures. The binding of TP-TMR shows no apparent effects on polymerization/depolymerization of MTs induced by MT-targeted drugs and temperature change. The main uptake mechanism of TP-TMR was elucidated as endocytosis, and partial endosomal escape resulted in the binding of TP-TMR to MTs. TP-TMR exhibited no cytotoxicity compared with MT-targeted drug scaffolds. These results indicate that TP scaffolds can be exploited as useful MT-targeted tools in living cells, such as in long-term imaging of MTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Inaba
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering and Centre for Research
on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori
University, Koyama-Minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Takahisa Yamamoto
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering and Centre for Research
on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori
University, Koyama-Minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwasaki
- Department
of Bioresources Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Koyama-Minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Arif Md. Rashedul Kabir
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Akira Kakugo
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sada
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kazunori Matsuura
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering and Centre for Research
on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori
University, Koyama-Minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Benzimidazoles Downregulate Mdm2 and MdmX and Activate p53 in MdmX Overexpressing Tumor Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112152. [PMID: 31181622 PMCID: PMC6600429 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 is mutated in about 50% of cancers. Most malignant melanomas carry wild-type p53, but p53 activity is often inhibited due to overexpression of its negative regulators Mdm2 or MdmX. We performed high throughput screening of 2448 compounds on A375 cells carrying p53 activity luciferase reporter construct to reveal compounds that promote p53 activity in melanoma. Albendazole and fenbendazole, two approved and commonly used benzimidazole anthelmintics, stimulated p53 activity and were selected for further studies. The protein levels of p53 and p21 increased upon the treatment with albendazole and fenbendazole, indicating activation of the p53–p21 pathway, while the levels of Mdm2 and MdmX decreased in melanoma and breast cancer cells overexpressing these proteins. We also observed a reduction of cell viability and changes of cellular morphology corresponding to mitotic catastrophe, i.e., G2/M cell cycle arrest of large multinucleated cells with disrupted microtubules. In summary, we established a new tool for testing the impact of small molecule compounds on the activity of p53 and used it to identify the action of benzimidazoles in melanoma cells. The drugs promoted the stability and transcriptional activity of wild-type p53 via downregulation of its negative regulators Mdm2 and MdmX in cells overexpressing these proteins. The results indicate the potential for repurposing the benzimidazole anthelmintics for the treatment of cancers overexpressing p53 negative regulators.
Collapse
|
136
|
A Survey on Tubulin and Arginine Methyltransferase Families Sheds Light on P. lividus Embryo as Model System for Antiproliferative Drug Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092136. [PMID: 31052191 PMCID: PMC6539552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubulins and microtubules (MTs) represent targets for taxane-based chemotherapy. To date, several lines of evidence suggest that effectiveness of compounds binding tubulin often relies on different post-translational modifications on tubulins. Among them, methylation was recently associated to drug resistance mechanisms impairing taxanes binding. The sea urchin is recognized as a research model in several fields including fertilization, embryo development and toxicology. To date, some α- and β-tubulin genes have been identified in P. lividus, while no data are available in echinoderms for arginine methyl transferases (PRMT). To evaluate the exploiting of the sea urchin embryo in the field of antiproliferative drug development, we carried out a survey of the expressed α- and β-tubulin gene sets, together with a comprehensive analysis of the PRMT gene family and of the methylable arginine residues in P. lividus tubulins. Because of their specificities, the sea urchin embryo may represent an interesting tool for dissecting mechanisms of tubulin targeting drug action. Therefore, results herein reported provide evidences supporting the P. lividus embryo as animal system for testing antiproliferative drugs.
Collapse
|
137
|
Wu F, Xu K, Liu L, Zhang K, Xia L, Zhang M, Teng C, Tong H, He Y, Xue Y, Zhang H, Chen D, Hu A. Vitamin B 12 Enhances Nerve Repair and Improves Functional Recovery After Traumatic Brain Injury by Inhibiting ER Stress-Induced Neuron Injury. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:406. [PMID: 31105562 PMCID: PMC6491933 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of neurological damage in young human populations. Vitamin B12 has been reported to promote axon growth of neuronal cells after peripheral nerve injury, which is currently used for the treatment of peripheral nerve damage in the clinical trial. Thus, we hypothesized that TBI can be attenuated by vitaminB12 treatment through its beneficial role on axon regeneration after nerve injury. To confirm it, the biological function of vitaminB12 was characterized using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry staining. The results showed that the neurological functional recovery was improved in the VitaminB12-treated group after TBI, which may be due to downregulation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis signaling pathway. Moreover, the microtubule stabilization, remyelination and myelin reparation were rescued by vitamin B12, which was consistent with the treatment of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor. The study suggests that vitamin B12 may be useful as a novel neuroprotective drug for TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kairui Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Leilei Xia
- Department of Emergency, Wenzhou People's Hospital, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenhuai Teng
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Heyan Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yifang He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yujie Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Daqing Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Aiping Hu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Zúñiga MA, Alderete JB, Jaña GA, Navarrete KR, Jiménez VA. Molecular modeling study on the differential microtubule‐stabilizing effect in singly‐ and doubly‐bonded complexes with peloruside A and paclitaxel. Proteins 2019; 87:668-678. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.25692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matías A. Zúñiga
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciencies, Universidad Andres BelloSede Concepción Autopista Concepción‐Talcahuano Talcahuano Chile
| | - Joel B. Alderete
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca Casilla Talca Chile
| | - Gonzalo A. Jaña
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciencies, Universidad Andres BelloSede Concepción Autopista Concepción‐Talcahuano Talcahuano Chile
| | - Karen R. Navarrete
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciencies, Universidad Andres BelloSede Concepción Autopista Concepción‐Talcahuano Talcahuano Chile
| | - Verónica A. Jiménez
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciencies, Universidad Andres BelloSede Concepción Autopista Concepción‐Talcahuano Talcahuano Chile
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Radakovic A, Boger DL. Ultra-potent vinblastine analogues improve on-target activity of the parent microtubulin-targeting compound. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1370-1374. [PMID: 30952593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent efforts, several C20' urea vinblastine analogues were discovered that displayed remarkable potency against vinblastine-sensitive tumor cell lines (IC50 50-75 pM), being roughly 100-fold more potent than vinblastine, and that exhibited decreased susceptibility to Pgp efflux-derived resistance in a vinblastine-resistant cell line. Their extraordinary activity indicate that it is not likely or even possible that their cellular functional activity is derived from stoichiometric occupancy of the intracellular tubulin binding sites. Rather, their potency indicates sub-stoichiometric or even catalytic occupancy of candidate binding sites may be sufficient to disrupt tubulin dynamics or microtubule assembly during mitosis. We detail efforts to delineate the underlying behavior responsible for the increased potency and show that the ultra-potent extended C20' ureas retain the mechanistic behavior of vinblastine, display enhanced affinity for tubulin and on-target activity approximately 100-fold both in vitro and in HeLa cells, but do not show evidence of catalytic disassembly of microtubulin. We also use the analogues to show that, in live interphase cells, the effects of the vinblastine class of drugs do not display a catastrophic effect on the microtubule skeleton, but rather a subtler insult to its dynamicity, acting as sub-stoichiometric drugs that inhibit normal microtubulin maturation and dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Radakovic
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Polymorphs, co-crystal structure and pharmacodynamics study of MBRI-001, a deuterium-substituted plinabulin derivative as a tubulin polymerization inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1836-1844. [PMID: 30910474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
MBRI-001, a deuterium-substituted plinabulin derivative, has been reported to have better pharmacokinetic and similar antitumor effects in comparison with plinabulin. In this approach, we further carried out its polymorphs, co-crystal structure of MBRI-001-tubulin and tubulin inhibition study. Among the different polymorphs, Form F (MBRI-001/H2O) was prepared and evaluated, which had better physical stability and suitable process for scale-up production. Co-crystal structure of MBRI-001-tubulin (PDB:5XI5) was prepared and analyzed. The result of tubulin polymerization assay demonstrated that MBRI-001 could inhibit tubulin polymerization which was similar as plinabulin. Subsequently, the anti-proliferative activities of plinabulin and MBRI-001 were evaluated against two different human lung cancer cell lines. In vivo study, MBRI-001 revealed similar antitumor inhibition in comparison with plinabulin in A549 xenograft tumor model. Therefore, we suggested that MBRI-001 could be developed as a promising anti-cancer agent in near future.
Collapse
|
141
|
Wobser M, Weber A, Glunz A, Tauch S, Seitz K, Butelmann T, Hesbacher S, Goebeler M, Bartz R, Kohlhof H, Schrama D, Houben R. Elucidating the mechanism of action of domatinostat (4SC-202) in cutaneous T cell lymphoma cells. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:30. [PMID: 30885250 PMCID: PMC6423872 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0719-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Targeting epigenetic modifiers is effective in cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). However, there is a need for further improvement of this therapeutic approach. Here, we compared the mode of action of romidepsin (FK228), an established class I histone deacetylase inhibitor, and domatinostat (4SC-202), a novel inhibitor of class I HDACs, which has been reported to also target the lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (LSD1). Methods We performed MTS assays and flow cytometric analyses of propidium iodide or annexin V-stained cells to assess drug impact on cellular proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and survival. Histone acetylation and methylation as well as caspase activation was analyzed by immunoblot. Gene expression analysis was performed using NanosString technology. Knockdown and knockout of LSD1 was achieved with shRNA and CRISPR/Cas9, respectively, while the CRISPR/Cas9 synergistic activation mediator system was used to induce expression of endogenous HDACs and LSD1. Furthermore, time-lapse fluorescence microscopy and an in vitro tubulin polymerization assay were applied. Results While FK228 as well as 4SC-202 potently induced cell death in six different CTCL cell lines, only in the case of 4SC-202 death was preceded by an accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Surprisingly, apoptosis and accumulation of cells with double DNA content occurred already at 4SC-202 concentrations hardly affecting histone acetylation and methylation, and provoking significantly less changes in gene expression compared to biologically equivalent doses of FK228. Indeed, we provide evidence that the 4SC-202-induced G2/M arrest in CTCL cells is independent of de novo transcription. Furthermore, neither enforced expression of HDAC1 nor knockdown or knockout of LSD1 affected the 4SC-202-induced effects. Since time-lapse microscopy revealed that 4SC-202 could affect mitotic spindle formation, we performed an in vitro tubulin polymerization assay revealing that 4SC-202 can directly inhibit microtubule formation. Conclusions We demonstrate that 4SC-202, a drug currently tested in clinical trials, effectively inhibits growth of CTCL cells. The anti-cancer cell activity of 4SC-202 is however not limited to LSD1-inhibition, modulation of histone modifications, and consecutive alteration of gene expression. Indeed, the compound is also a potent microtubule-destabilizing agent. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-019-0719-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Wobser
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Weber
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Amelie Glunz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Tauch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Seitz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Butelmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Hesbacher
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Goebeler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - René Bartz
- 4SC company, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - David Schrama
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Houben
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus Activation of the Integrin α5β1-FAK-Cofilin Pathway Causes Cytoskeletal Rearrangement To Promote Its Invasion of N2a Cells. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01736-18. [PMID: 30541856 PMCID: PMC6384086 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01736-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PHEV, a member of the Coronaviridae family, is a typical neurotropic virus that primarily affects the nervous system of piglets to produce typical neurological symptoms. However, the mechanism of nerve damage caused by the virus has not been fully elucidated. Actin is an important component of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells and serves as the first obstacle to the entry of pathogens into host cells. Additionally, the morphological structure and function of nerve cells depend on the dynamic regulation of the actin skeleton. Therefore, exploring the mechanism of neuronal injury induced by PHEV from the perspective of the actin cytoskeleton not only helps elucidate the pathogenesis of PHEV but also provides a theoretical basis for the search for new antiviral targets. This is the first report to define a mechanistic link between alterations in signaling from cytoskeleton pathways and the mechanism of PHEV invading nerve cells. Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) is a highly neurotropic virus that causes diffuse neuronal infection with neurological damage and high mortality. Virus-induced cytoskeletal dynamics are thought to be closely related to this type of nerve damage. Currently, the regulation pattern of the actin cytoskeleton and its molecular mechanism remain unclear when PHEV enters the host cells. Here, we demonstrate that entry of PHEV into N2a cells induces a biphasic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and a dynamic change in cofilin activity. Viral entry is affected by the disruption of actin kinetics or alteration of cofilin activity. PHEV binds to integrin α5β1 and then initiates the integrin α5β1-FAK signaling pathway, leading to virus-induced early cofilin phosphorylation and F-actin polymerization. Additionally, Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42), and downstream regulatory gene p21-activated protein kinases (PAKs) are recruited as downstream mediators of PHEV-induced dynamic changes of the cofilin activity pathway. In conclusion, we demonstrate that PHEV utilizes the integrin α5β1-FAK-Rac1/Cdc42-PAK-LIMK-cofilin pathway to cause an actin cytoskeletal rearrangement to promote its own invasion, providing theoretical support for the development of PHEV pathogenic mechanisms and new antiviral targets. IMPORTANCE PHEV, a member of the Coronaviridae family, is a typical neurotropic virus that primarily affects the nervous system of piglets to produce typical neurological symptoms. However, the mechanism of nerve damage caused by the virus has not been fully elucidated. Actin is an important component of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells and serves as the first obstacle to the entry of pathogens into host cells. Additionally, the morphological structure and function of nerve cells depend on the dynamic regulation of the actin skeleton. Therefore, exploring the mechanism of neuronal injury induced by PHEV from the perspective of the actin cytoskeleton not only helps elucidate the pathogenesis of PHEV but also provides a theoretical basis for the search for new antiviral targets. This is the first report to define a mechanistic link between alterations in signaling from cytoskeleton pathways and the mechanism of PHEV invading nerve cells.
Collapse
|
143
|
Yang L, Zhao L, Cui L, Huang Y, Ye J, Zhang Q, Jiang X, Zhang D, Huang Y. Decreased α-tubulin acetylation induced by an acidic environment impairs autophagosome formation and leads to rat cardiomyocyte injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 127:143-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
144
|
La Regina G, Coluccia A, Naccarato V, Silvestri R. Towards modern anticancer agents that interact with tubulin. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 131:58-68. [PMID: 30690185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tubulin is the primary target of an ever growing number of natural, semisynthetic and synthetic products as potential anticancer agents. The mechanisms of interaction of these molecules with tubulin are varied. These drug classes have shown to inhibit effectively several cancer types with IC50 from midmicromolar to low nanomolar concentrations. However, some limiting obstacles still remain, such as the development of multidrug resistance and cytotoxicity. We have reviewed recent advances in different classes of tubulin binding agents, including colchicine site agents, Vinca alkaloids, tryprostatins, moroidin, hemiasterlin, diazonamide, taxanes, epothilones and laulimalide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe La Regina
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Coluccia
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Valentina Naccarato
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Karki P, Ke Y, Tian Y, Ohmura T, Sitikov A, Sarich N, Montgomery CP, Birukova AA. Staphylococcus aureus-induced endothelial permeability and inflammation are mediated by microtubule destabilization. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:3369-3384. [PMID: 30622143 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major etiological agent of sepsis and induces endothelial cell (EC) barrier dysfunction and inflammation, two major hallmarks of acute lung injury. However, the molecular mechanisms of bacterial pathogen-induced EC barrier disruption are incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the role of microtubules (MT) in the mechanisms of EC barrier compromise caused by heat-killed S. aureus (HKSA). Using a customized monolayer permeability assay in human pulmonary EC and MT fractionation, we observed that HKSA-induced barrier disruption is accompanied by MT destabilization and increased histone deacetylase-6 (HDAC6) activity resulting from elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Molecular or pharmacological HDAC6 inhibition rescued barrier function in HKSA-challenged vascular endothelium. The HKSA-induced EC permeability was associated with impaired MT-mediated delivery of cytoplasmic linker-associated protein 2 (CLASP2) to the cell periphery, limiting its interaction with adherens junction proteins. HKSA-induced EC barrier dysfunction was also associated with increased Rho GTPase activity via activation of MT-bound Rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor-H1 (GEF-H1) and was abolished by HDAC6 down-regulation. HKSA activated the NF-κB proinflammatory pathway and increased the expression of intercellular and vascular cell adhesion molecules in EC, an effect that was also HDAC6-dependent and mediated, at least in part, by a GEF-H1/Rho-dependent mechanism. Of note, HDAC6 knockout mice or HDAC6 inhibitor-treated WT mice were partially protected from vascular leakage and inflammation caused by both HKSA or methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Our results indicate that S. aureus-induced, ROS-dependent up-regulation of HDAC6 activity destabilizes MT and thereby activates the GEF-H1/Rho pathway, increasing both EC permeability and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Yunbo Ke
- the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Yufeng Tian
- the Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and
| | - Tomomi Ohmura
- the Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and
| | - Albert Sitikov
- the Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and
| | - Nicolene Sarich
- the Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and
| | - Christopher P Montgomery
- the Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and.,the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205
| | - Anna A Birukova
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201,
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
He M, Yi QY, Zhang WY, Bai L, Du F, Gu YY, Liu YJ, Wei P. Evaluation of anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo of iridium(iii) polypyridyl complexes. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01001g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Three new iridium(iii) polypyridyl complexes were synthesized. The cytotoxic activity in vitro and in vivo, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS and the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins were investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Yan Yi
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Yao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Lan Bai
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Fan Du
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yi-Ying Gu
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yun-Jun Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery
| | - Peng Wei
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Archaeal cell biology: diverse functions of tubulin-like cytoskeletal proteins at the cell envelope. Emerg Top Life Sci 2018; 2:547-559. [DOI: 10.1042/etls20180026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The tubulin superfamily of cytoskeletal proteins is widespread in all three domains of life — Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. Tubulins build the microtubules of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton, whereas members of the homologous FtsZ family construct the division ring in prokaryotes and some eukaryotic organelles. Their functions are relatively poorly understood in archaea, yet these microbes contain a remarkable diversity of tubulin superfamily proteins, including FtsZ for division, a newly described major family called CetZ that is involved in archaeal cell shape control, and several other divergent families of unclear function that are implicated in a variety of cell envelope-remodelling contexts. Archaeal model organisms, particularly halophilic archaea such as Haloferax volcanii, have sufficiently developed genetic tools and we show why their large, flattened cells that are capable of controlled differentiation are also well suited to cell biological investigations by live-cell high-resolution light and electron microscopy. As most archaea only have a glycoprotein lattice S-layer, rather than a peptidoglycan cell wall like bacteria, the activity of the tubulin-like cytoskeletal proteins at the cell envelope is expected to vary significantly, and may involve direct membrane remodelling or directed synthesis or insertion of the S-layer protein subunits. Further studies of archaeal cell biology will provide fresh insight into the evolution of cells and the principles in common to their fundamental activities across the full spectrum of cellular life.
Collapse
|
148
|
Manka SW, Moores CA. Microtubule structure by cryo-EM: snapshots of dynamic instability. Essays Biochem 2018; 62:737-751. [PMID: 30315096 PMCID: PMC6281474 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20180031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) allowed microtubules to be captured in their solution-like state, enabling decades of insight into their dynamic mechanisms and interactions with binding partners. Cryo-EM micrographs provide 2D visualization of microtubules, and these 2D images can also be used to reconstruct the 3D structure of the polymer and any associated binding partners. In this way, the binding sites for numerous components of the microtubule cytoskeleton-including motor domains from many kinesin motors, and the microtubule-binding domains of dynein motors and an expanding collection of microtubule associated proteins-have been determined. The effects of various microtubule-binding drugs have also been studied. High-resolution cryo-EM structures have also been used to probe the molecular basis of microtubule dynamic instability, driven by the GTPase activity of β-tubulin. These studies have shown the conformational changes in lattice-confined tubulin dimers in response to steps in the tubulin GTPase cycle, most notably lattice compaction at the longitudinal inter-dimer interface. Although work is ongoing to define a complete structural model of dynamic instability, attention has focused on the role of gradual destabilization of lateral contacts between tubulin protofilaments, particularly at the microtubule seam. Furthermore, lower resolution cryo-electron tomography 3D structures are shedding light on the heterogeneity of microtubule ends and how their 3D organization contributes to dynamic instability. The snapshots of these polymers captured using cryo-EM will continue to provide critical insights into their dynamics, interactions with cellular components, and the way microtubules contribute to cellular functions in diverse physiological contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szymon W Manka
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, U.K.
| | - Carolyn A Moores
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Murshid S, Takano-Yamamoto T, Kamioka H. Differential distribution of microtubules in immature osteocytes in vivo. J Oral Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
150
|
McMillan JR, Hayes OG, Remis JP, Mirkin CA. Programming Protein Polymerization with DNA. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15950-15956. [PMID: 30407003 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A strategy that utilizes DNA for controlling the association pathway of proteins is described. This strategy uses sequence-specific DNA interactions to program energy barriers for polymerization, allowing for either step-growth or chain-growth pathways to be accessed. Two sets of mutant green fluorescent protein (mGFP)-DNA monomers with single DNA modifications have been synthesized and characterized. Depending on the deliberately controlled sequence and conformation of the appended DNA, these monomers can be polymerized through either a step-growth or chain-growth pathway. Cryo-electron microscopy with Volta phase plate technology enables the visualization of the distribution of the oligomer and polymer products, and even the small mGFP-DNA monomers. Whereas cyclic and linear polymer distributions were observed for the step-growth DNA design, in the case of the chain-growth system linear chains exclusively were observed, and a dependence of the chain length on the concentration of the initiator strand was noted. Importantly, the chain-growth system possesses a living character whereby chains can be extended with the addition of fresh monomer. This work represents an important and early example of mechanistic control over protein assembly, thereby establishing a robust methodology for synthesizing oligomeric and polymeric protein-based materials with exceptional control over architecture.
Collapse
|