101
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Update on the Benefits and Mechanisms of Action of the Bioactive Vegetal Alkaloid Berberine on Lipid Metabolism and Homeostasis. CHOLESTEROL 2018; 2018:7173920. [PMID: 30057809 PMCID: PMC6051272 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7173920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Elevation of circulating levels of blood cholesterol, especially LDL cholesterol, and/or the decrease of HDL cholesterol levels have long been recognized as primary risk factors for developing atherosclerosis that leads to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Hypertriglyceridemia is an independent risk factor that is known to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Thus, various interventional efforts aimed at reducing hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia have been practiced clinically for decades to reduce morbidity and mortality risk associated with deleterious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. As such, many drugs have been developed and clinically used to treat hypocholesteremia and/or hypertriglyceridemia; however, dietary approaches including supplements along with changes in nutrition and lifestyle have become increasingly attractive and acceptable methods used to control borderline or moderately increased levels of blood cholesterol and triacylglycerols. In this regard, the use of a plant/herbal bioactive compound, berberine (BBR), has recently been studied extensively in terms of its efficacy as well as its mechanisms of action and safety as an alternative intervention that beneficially modulates blood lipids. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on BBR research, new concepts and directions in terms of product development and current challenges, and future prospects of using BBR to manage diseases and complications associated with dyslipidemia.
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102
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Add-on therapy with traditional Chinese medicine: An efficacious approach for lipid metabolism disorders. Pharmacol Res 2018; 134:200-211. [PMID: 29935947 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Add-on therapy with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been extensively researched in the intractable diseases, such as asthma, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. As an entirely new concept, add-on therapy of TCM has been also used to prevent and treat hyperlipidemia via lowering cholesterol level. However, the efficacy of add-on therapy with TCM for mediating lipid metabolism disorders remains controversial. In this review, we summarize and provide strong evidence that add-on therapy of TCM as a novel approach is efficacious and safe for hyperlipidemia associated diseases based on the mediation of lipid metabolism disorders.
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103
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Rubio-Solsona E, Martí S, Vílchez JJ, Palau F, Hoenicka J. ANKK1 is found in myogenic precursors and muscle fibers subtypes with glycolytic metabolism. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197254. [PMID: 29758057 PMCID: PMC5951577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (ANKK1) gene has been widely related to neuropsychiatry disorders. The localization of ANKK1 in neural progenitors and its correlation with the cell cycle has suggested its participation in development. However, ANKK1 functions still need to be identified. Here, we have further characterized the ANKK1 localization in vivo and in vitro, by using immunolabeling, quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot in the myogenic lineage. Histologic investigations in mice and humans revealed that ANKK1 is expressed in precursors of embryonic and adult muscles. In mice embryos, ANKK1 was found in migrating myotubes where it shows a polarized cytoplasmic distribution, while proliferative myoblasts and satellite cells show different isoforms in their nuclei and cytoplasm. In vitro studies of ANKK1 protein isoforms along the myogenic progression showed the decline of nuclear ANKK1-kinase until its total exclusion in myotubes. In adult mice, ANKK1 was expressed exclusively in the Fast-Twitch muscles fibers subtype. The induction of glycolytic metabolism in C2C12 cells with high glucose concentration or treatment with berberine caused a significant increase in the ANKK1 mRNA. Similarly, C2C12 cells under hypoxic conditions caused the increase of nuclear ANKK1. These results altogether show a relationship between ANKK1 gene regulation and the metabolism of muscles during development and in adulthood. Finally, we found ANKK1 expression in regenerative fibers of muscles from dystrophic patients. Future studies in ANKK1 biology and the pathological response of muscles will reveal whether this protein is a novel muscle disease biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estrella Rubio-Solsona
- CIBERER Biobank, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Martí
- CIBERER Biobank, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan J. Vílchez
- CIBERER Biobank, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Neuromuscular Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia School of Medicine, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesc Palau
- CIBERER Biobank, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Barcelona School of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janet Hoenicka
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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104
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Gu Z, Wu L, Duan Y, Wang J, Zhou S, Li J, Chen K, Li J, Liu H. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of novel 4,7,12,12a-tetrahydro-5H-thieno[3′,2′:3,4]pyrido[1,2-b]isoquinoline and 5,8,12,12a-tetrahydro-6H-thieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives as cellular activators of adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2017-2027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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105
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Bakshi I, Suryana E, Small L, Quek LE, Brandon AE, Turner N, Cooney GJ. Fructose bisphosphatase 2 overexpression increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:101-111. [PMID: 29507044 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a major tissue for glucose metabolism and can store glucose as glycogen, convert glucose to lactate via glycolysis and fully oxidise glucose to CO2 Muscle has a limited capacity for gluconeogenesis but can convert lactate and alanine to glycogen. Gluconeogenesis requires FBP2, a muscle-specific form of fructose bisphosphatase that converts fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F-1,6-bisP) to fructose-6-phosphate (F-6-P) opposing the activity of the ATP-consuming enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK). In mammalian muscle, the activity of PFK is normally 100 times higher than FBP2 and therefore energy wasting cycling between PFK and FBP2 is low. In an attempt to increase substrate cycling between F-6-P and F-1,6-bisP and alter glucose metabolism, we overexpressed FBP2 using a muscle-specific adeno-associated virus (AAV-tMCK-FBP2). AAV was injected into the right tibialis muscle of rats, while the control contralateral left tibialis received a saline injection. Rats were fed a chow or 45% fat diet (HFD) for 5 weeks after which, hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps were performed. Infection of the right tibialis with AAV-tMCK-FBP2 increased FBP2 activity 10 fold on average in chow and HFD rats (P < 0.0001). Overexpression of FBP2 significantly increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in tibialis of chow animals (control 14.3 ± 1.7; FBP2 17.6 ± 1.6 µmol/min/100 g) and HFD animals (control 9.6 ± 1.1; FBP2 11.2 ± 1.1µmol/min/100 g). The results suggest that increasing the capacity for cycling between F-1,6-bisP and F-6-P can increase the metabolism of glucose by introducing a futile cycle in muscle, but this increase is not sufficient to overcome muscle insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Bakshi
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eurwin Suryana
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lewin Small
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lake-Ee Quek
- School of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical SchoolCharles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical SchoolCharles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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106
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Wu X, Li X, Dang Z, Jia Y. Berberine demonstrates anti‐inflammatory properties in
Helicobacter pylori
‐infected mice with chronic gastritis by attenuating the Th17 response triggered by the B cell‐activating factor. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5373-5381. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxia Wu
- Department of Liver Spleen and StomachHenan Province Hospital of TCMZhengzhouChina
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Liver Spleen and StomachHenan Province Hospital of TCMZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhongqin Dang
- Department of Liver Spleen and StomachHenan Province Hospital of TCMZhengzhouChina
| | - Yunfei Jia
- Department of Liver Spleen and StomachHenan Province Hospital of TCMZhengzhouChina
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107
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Bernal-Sore I, Navarro-Marquez M, Osorio-Fuentealba C, Díaz-Castro F, Del Campo A, Donoso-Barraza C, Porras O, Lavandero S, Troncoso R. Mifepristone enhances insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 461:277-283. [PMID: 28943275 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mifepristone is the only FDA-approved drug for glycaemia control in patients with Cushing's syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Mifepristone also has beneficial effects in animal models of diabetes and patients with antipsychotic treatment-induced obesity. However, the mechanisms through which Mifepristone produces its beneficial effects are not completely elucidated. PURPOSE To determine the effects of mifepristone on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake on a model of L6 rat-derived skeletal muscle cells. RESULTS Mifepristone enhanced insulin-dependent glucose uptake, GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane and Akt Ser473 phosphorylation in L6 myotubes. In addition, mifepristone reduced oxygen consumption and ATP levels and increased AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation. The knockdown of AMPK prevented the effects of mifepristone on insulin response. CONCLUSIONS Mifepristone enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake through a mechanism that involves a decrease in mitochondrial function and AMPK activation in skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izela Bernal-Sore
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Navarro-Marquez
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - César Osorio-Fuentealba
- Departamento de Kinesiología, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Díaz-Castro
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Del Campo
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ingeniería, Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Bernando O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Donoso-Barraza
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Omar Porras
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Alimentos para el Bienestar en el Ciclo Vital (ABCvital), Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Alimentos para el Bienestar en el Ciclo Vital (ABCvital), Universidad de Chile, Chile.
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108
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Li J, Yu H, Wang S, Wang W, Chen Q, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Wang T. Natural products, an important resource for discovery of multitarget drugs and functional food for regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:121-135. [PMID: 29391777 PMCID: PMC5768189 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s151860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Imbalanced hepatic glucose homeostasis is one of the critical pathologic events in the development of metabolic syndromes (MSs). Therefore, regulation of imbalanced hepatic glucose homeostasis is important in drug development for MS treatment. In this review, we discuss the major targets that regulate hepatic glucose homeostasis in human physiologic and pathophysiologic processes, involving hepatic glucose uptake, glycolysis and glycogen synthesis, and summarize their changes in MSs. Recent literature suggests the necessity of multitarget drugs in the management of MS disorder for regulation of imbalanced glucose homeostasis in both experimental models and MS patients. Here, we highlight the potential bioactive compounds from natural products with medicinal or health care values, and focus on polypharmacologic and multitarget natural products with effects on various signaling pathways in hepatic glucose metabolism. This review shows the advantage and feasibility of discovering multicompound-multitarget drugs from natural products, and providing a new perspective of ways on drug and functional food development for MSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Phytochemistry, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Sijian Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
| | - Wei Wang
- Internal Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
| | - Yanmin Ma
- Department of Phytochemistry, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
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109
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Yin J, Hou Y, Yin Y, Song X. Selenium-coated nanostructured lipid carriers used for oral delivery of berberine to accomplish a synergic hypoglycemic effect. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:8671-8680. [PMID: 29263662 PMCID: PMC5724418 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s144615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an incurable metabolic disorder that seriously threatens human health. At present, there is no effective medication available to defeat it. This work intended to develop selenium-coated nanostructured lipid carriers (SeNLCs) for enhancing the oral bioavailability and the curative effect of berberine, an antidiabetic phytomedicine. Berberine-loaded SeNLCs (BB-SeNLCs) were prepared by hot-melt dispersion/homogenization procedure followed by in situ reduction. BB-SeNLCs were characterized by particle size, morphology, entrapment efficiency (EE) and in vitro release. Pharmacokinetics of berberine solution, berberine-loaded NLCs (BB-NLCs) and BB-SeNLCs were studied in Sprague Dawley rats administered by oral gavage. The prepared BB-SeNLCs were around 160 nm in particle size with an EE of 90%. In addition, BB-SeNLCs exhibited a better sustained release of berberine compared to the plain NLCs. After oral administration, BB-SeNLCs greatly enhanced the oral bioavailability of berberine, which was approximately 6.63 times as much as that of berberine solution. The hypoglycemic effect of BB-SeNLCs was also significantly superior to that of BB-NLCs and berberine solution. It turned out that sustained drug release and good intestinal absorption, plus the synergy of selenium, were basically responsible for enhanced oral bioavailability and hypoglycemic effect. Our findings show that SeNLCs are promising nanocarriers for oral delivery of berberine to strengthen the antidiabetic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Huaihe Hospital Affiliated to Henan University
| | - Yantao Hou
- Henan Vocational College of Applied Technology, Kaifeng
| | - Yuyun Yin
- Henan Provincial Institute of Food and Drug Control, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Huaihe Hospital Affiliated to Henan University
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110
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Zan Y, Kuai CX, Qiu ZX, Huang F. Berberine Ameliorates Diabetic Neuropathy: TRPV1 Modulation by PKC Pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:1709-1723. [PMID: 29121795 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, berberine has increasingly become a topic of research as a treatment for diabetes due to its repair function, which recovers damaged pancreatic β cells. However, it is the complications of diabetes that seriously affect patients' life quality and longevity, among which diabetic neuropathy and the consequent acute pain are the most common. In this study, we established STZ-induced diabetic models to observe whether berberine, a main constitute of Coptis chinensis Franch which has shown good hypoglycemic effects, could relieve diabetes-induced pain and explored its possible mechanism in rats and mice. Behavior assays showed increasing mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia thresholds by the Von Frey test and tail flick test during the treatment of berberine. It was found that the administration of berberine (20, 60 mg/kg; 30, 90 mg/kg) suppressed the expression of PKCε and TRPV1 which could be activated by hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory reaction. Our results also presented its capability to reduce the over expression of TNF-[Formula: see text] in diabetic rats and mice. TNF-[Formula: see text] is an inflammatory cytokine, which is closely related to diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Consequently, we supposed that berberine exerts its therapeutic effects in part by suppressing the inflammatory process and blocking the PKC pathway to inhibit TRPV1 activation, which damages neurons and causes diabetic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zan
- 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Cui-Xing Kuai
- 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Xia Qiu
- 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Fang Huang
- 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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111
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Hou WL, Yin J, Alimujiang M, Yu XY, Ai LG, Bao YQ, Liu F, Jia WP. Inhibition of mitochondrial complex I improves glucose metabolism independently of AMPK activation. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:1316-1328. [PMID: 29106036 PMCID: PMC5783883 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidences showed metformin and berberine, well‐known glucose‐lowering agents, were able to inhibit mitochondrial electron transport chain at complex I. In this study, we aimed to explore the antihyperglycaemic effect of complex I inhibition. Rotenone, amobarbital and gene silence of NDUFA13 were used to inhibit complex I. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were performed in db/db mice. Lactate release and glucose consumption were measured to investigate glucose metabolism in HepG2 hepatocytes and C2C12 myotubes. Glucose output was measured in primary hepatocytes. Compound C and adenoviruses expressing dominant negative AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1/2 were exploited to inactivate AMPK pathway. Cellular NAD+/NADH ratio was assayed to evaluate energy transforming and redox state. Rotenone ameliorated hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance in db/db mice. It induced glucose consumption and glycolysis and reduced hepatic glucose output. Rotenone also activated AMPK. Furthermore, it remained effective with AMPK inactivation. The enhanced glycolysis and repressed gluconeogenesis correlated with a reduction in cellular NAD+/NADH ratio, which resulted from complex I suppression. Amobarbital, another representative complex I inhibitor, stimulated glucose consumption and decreased hepatic glucose output in vitro, too. Similar changes were observed while expression of NDUFA13, a subunit of complex I, was knocked down with gene silencing. These findings reveal mitochondrial complex I emerges as a key drug target for diabetes treatment. Inhibition of complex I improves glucose homoeostasis via non‐AMPK pathway, which may relate to the suppression of the cellular NAD+/NADH ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wo-Lin Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Miriayi Alimujiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Ying Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Gen Ai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Qian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Ping Jia
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
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112
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Zhou S, Duan Y, Wang J, Zhang J, Sun H, Jiang H, Gu Z, Tong J, Li J, Li J, Liu H. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4,7,12,12a-tetrahydro-5 H -thieno[3′,2’:3,4]pyrido[1,2- b ]isoquinolines as novel adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) indirect activators for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:448-464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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113
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Enzyme-inducing effects of berberine on cytochrome P450 1A2 in vitro and in vivo. Life Sci 2017; 189:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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114
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Lipid lowering agents of natural origin: An account of some promising chemotypes. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:331-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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115
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Zhang Y, Ye J, Fan J. Regulation of malonyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase network in umbilical cord blood affected by intrauterine hyperglycemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75254-75263. [PMID: 29088862 PMCID: PMC5650417 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been shown to be associated with high risk of diabetes in offspring. However, the mechanisms involved in the insulin resistance in offspring are still unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction is related with insulin resistance. In mitochondria, malonyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase (MCAT) is the key enzyme of mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis and is estimated to contribute to insulin resistance. In this study, we aimed to examine the role of MCAT and its network in the umbilical cord blood in GDM-induced offspring insulin resistance. Methods We isolated lymphocytes from umbilical cord vein blood in 6 GDM patients and 6 controls and examined the differences of RNA by RNA sequencing. qRT-PCR and western blot were used to measure mRNA and protein changes. Bisulfite genomic sequencing PCR was applied to detect DNA methylation. Results We found more than 400 genes were differentially regulated in the lymphocytes of umbilical cord blood from GDM patients and these genes were mainly enriched in immune system and endocrine system, which relate to mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. MCAT closely related with PTPN1 (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type1) and STAT5A (Signal Transducer And Activator of Transcription 5A), which were all increased in umbilical cord blood from GDM patients. Increase in MCAT may be due to decreased MCAT DNA methylation. Conclusion MCAT and its network with PTPN1, STAT5A are regulated in umbilical cord blood affected by maternal intrauterine hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jianping Ye
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Jianxia Fan
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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The Preconditioning of Berberine Suppresses Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Premature Senescence via Regulation of Sirtuin 1. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:2391820. [PMID: 28751929 PMCID: PMC5511663 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2391820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With a long history of application in Chinese traditional medicine, berberine (BBR) was reported to exhibit healthspan-extending properties in some age-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. However, the antiaging mechanism of BBR is not completely clear. By means of hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) induced premature cellular senescence model, we found that a low-concentration preconditioning of BBR could resist premature senescence in human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) measured by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal), accompanied by a decrease in loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, the low-concentration preconditioning of BBR could make cells less susceptible to subsequent H2O2-induced cell cycle arrest and growth inhibition. Experimental results further showed that the low concentration of BBR could induce a slight increase of ROS and upregulate the expression level of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an important longevity regulator. H2O2-induced activation of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) was significantly attenuated after the preconditioning of BBR. The present findings implied that the low-concentration preconditioning of BBR could have a mitohormetic effect against cellular senescence triggered by oxidative stress in some age-related diseases through the regulation of SIRT1.
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117
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Wang Y, Tong Q, Shou JW, Zhao ZX, Li XY, Zhang XF, Ma SR, He CY, Lin Y, Wen BY, Guo F, Fu J, Jiang JD. Gut Microbiota-Mediated Personalized Treatment of Hyperlipidemia Using Berberine. Theranostics 2017; 7:2443-2451. [PMID: 28744326 PMCID: PMC5525748 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroreductases (NRs) are bacterial enzymes that reduce nitro-containing compounds. We have previously reported that NR of intestinal bacteria is a key factor promoting berberine (BBR) intestinal absorption. We show here that feeding hamsters with high fat diet (HFD) caused an increase in blood lipids and NR activity in the intestine. The elevation of fecal NR by HFD was due to the increase in either the fraction of NR-producing bacteria or their activity in the intestine. When given orally, BBR bioavailability in the HFD-fed hamsters was higher than that in those fed with normal chow (by +72%, *P<0.05). BBR (100 mg/kg/day, orally) decreased blood lipids in the HFD-fed hamsters (**P<0.01) but not in those fed with normal diet. Clinical studies indicated that patients with hyperlipidemia had higher fecal NR activity than that in the healthy individuals (**P<0.01). Similarly, after oral administration, the blood level of BBR in hyperlipidemic patients was higher than that in healthy individuals (*P<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between blood BBR and fecal NR activity (r=0.703). Thus, the fecal NR activity might serve as a biomarker in the personalized treatment of hyperlipidemia using BBR.
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118
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Wang Y, Shou JW, Li XY, Zhao ZX, Fu J, He CY, Feng R, Ma C, Wen BY, Guo F, Yang XY, Han YX, Wang LL, Tong Q, You XF, Lin Y, Kong WJ, Si SY, Jiang JD. Berberine-induced bioactive metabolites of the gut microbiota improve energy metabolism. Metabolism 2017; 70:72-84. [PMID: 28403947 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Berberine (BBR) clinically lowers blood lipid and glucose levels via multi-target mechanisms. One of the possible mechanisms is related to its effect on the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) of the gut microbiota. The goal of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effect and mode of action of BBR working through SCFAs of the gut microbiota (especially, butyrate). METHODS Gas chromatography (GC) was used to detect butyrate and other SCFAs chemically. The effect of BBR on butyrate production was investigated in vitro as well as in several animal systems. Microarrays were used to analyze the composition change in the intestinal bacteria community after treatment with BBR. BBR-induced change in the energy production and gene regulation of intestinal bacteria was examined in order to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS We show that oral administration of BBR in animals promoted the gut microbiota to produce butyrate, which then enters the blood and reduces blood lipid and glucose levels. Incubating gut bacterial strains in vitro with BBR increased butyrate production. Orally treating animals directly with butyrate reduced blood lipid and glucose levels through a mechanism different from that of BBR. Intraperitoneal BBR administration did not increase butyrate but reduced blood lipid and glucose levels, suggesting that BBR has two modes of action: the direct effect of the circulated BBR and the indirect effect working through butyrate of the gut microbiota. Pre-treating animals orally with antibiotics abolished the effect of BBR on butyrate. A mechanism study showed that BBR (given orally) modified mice intestinal bacterial composition by increasing the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria. Furthermore, BBR suppressed bacterial ATP production and NADH levels, resulting in increased butyryl-CoA and, eventually, butyrate production via upregulating phosphotransbutyrylase/butyrate kinase and butyryl-CoA:acetate-CoA transferase in bacteria. CONCLUSION Promotion of butyrate (etc) production in gut microbiota might be one of the important mechanisms of BBR in regulating energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jia-Wen Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhen-Xiong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chi-Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ru Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Bao-Ying Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Fang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xin-Yi Yang
- Insitute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yan-Xing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lu-Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qian Tong
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xue-Fu You
- Insitute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wei-Jia Kong
- Insitute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shu-Yi Si
- Insitute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Insitute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Almani SA, Memon IA, Shaikh TZ, Khoharo HK, Ujjan I. Berberine protects against metformin-associated lactic acidosis in induced diabetes mellitus. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 20:511-515. [PMID: 28656086 PMCID: PMC5478779 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2017.8675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Causality of occurrence of metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a clinical problem. Currently, there is no drug available to prevent MALA. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of Berberine (BBR) against MALA in induced diabetic rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 75 healthy male Wistar rats was randomly selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. 75 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control and 4 experimental groups. Streptozotocin (STZ) in citrate buffer (pH 4.5) at a dose of 45 mg/kg was injected for induction of diabetes mellitus and rats achieving fasting blood glucose >250 mg/dl were included. Blood samples were collected 18 hr after the last dose of metformin and berberine. Ethical approval was taken before the study was conducted. Staistix 10.0 (USA) software was used for data analysis. RESULTS Berberine decreased MALA. Metformin, metformin + BBR 50 mg/kg bwt, and metformin + BBR 100 mg/kg bwt showed serum lactate as 1.87±0.4 mmol/lL, 1.62 ± 0.44 mmol/l and 1.47± 0.45 mmol/l, respectively (P=0.0001). Insulin resistance and liver enzymes were improved in BBR treated rats. CONCLUSION The present study reports berberine protects against MALA in streptozocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Ahmed Almani
- Department of Medicine Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Ahmed Memon
- Department of Medicine Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Zaffar Shaikh
- Department of Medicine Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Haji Khan Khoharo
- Faculty of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences Isra University, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Ikramuddin Ujjan
- Department of Pathology Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
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120
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Liu X, Basu U, Miller P, McMullen LM. Differential gene expression and filamentation of Listeria monocytogenes 08-5923 exposed to sodium lactate and sodium diacetate. Food Microbiol 2017; 63:153-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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121
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Han Y, Wu JZ, Shen JZ, Chen L, He T, Jin MW, Liu H. Pentamethylquercetin induces adipose browning and exerts beneficial effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-fed mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1123. [PMID: 28442748 PMCID: PMC5430711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Browning white adipocytes may be a new target in anti-obesity therapy. Pentamethylquercetin (PMQ) has been shown to have anti-obesity effects in monosodium glutamate-induced obese mice. Here, we aimed to study the anti-obesity effects of PMQ in vitro and in vivo and to determine if adipose browning is involved in the mechanism underlying the anti-obesity effects of PMQ. We evaluated the effects of PMQ on cell proliferation, cell differentiation, glucose consumption, cellular lipid metabolism, and related brown gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We also investigated the effects of PMQ in a mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Our results demonstrated that PMQ increased the consumption of glucose, inhibited the accumulation of cellular triglycerides (TGs), and induced the expression of brown adipocyte-specific genes, such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1), during the early stage of differentiation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In HFD mice, PMQ treatment reduced waist circumference, LEE index, white adipose tissue (WAT) weight and white adipocyte size and increased brown adipose tissue (BAT) weight. Moreover, PMQ treatment induced mitochondrial biogenesis and upregulated UCP-1 expression in WAT. These findings suggest that PMQ may induce browning of adipose tissue, a phenomenon that is at least partly related to its anti-obesity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian-Zhao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Zhong Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Man-Wen Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Biomedicine Research Center, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. .,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
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122
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Qiu YY, Tang LQ, Wei W. Berberine exerts renoprotective effects by regulating the AGEs-RAGE signaling pathway in mesangial cells during diabetic nephropathy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 443:89-105. [PMID: 28087385 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the effect of berberine treatment on the AGEs-RAGE pathway in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy, and we investigated the mechanism by which key factors caused kidney injury and the effects of berberine. In vivo, berberine improved fasting blood glucose, body weight, the majority of biochemical and renal function parameters and histopathological changes in the diabetic kidney. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed significant increases in the levels of AGEs, RAGE, P-PKC-β and TGF-β1 in injured kidneys, and these levels were markedly decreased by treatment with berberine. In vitro, berberine inhibited mesangial cell proliferation. Cells treated with berberine showed reduced levels of AGEs, accompanied by decreased RAGE, p-PKC and TGF-β1 levels soon afterwards. Berberine exhibited renoprotective effects in diabetic nephropathy rats, and the molecular mechanism was associated with changes in the levels and regulation of the AGEs-RAGE-PKC-β-TGF-β1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ye Qiu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, 81#Mei-shan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 17# Lu-jiang Road, Hefei 230001, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Qin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 17# Lu-jiang Road, Hefei 230001, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, 81#Mei-shan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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123
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Mitochondria play an important role in the cell proliferation suppressing activity of berberine. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41712. [PMID: 28181523 PMCID: PMC5299431 DOI: 10.1038/srep41712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
After being studied for approximately a century, berberine (BBR) has been found to act on various targets and pathways. A great challenge in the pharmacological analysis of BBR at present is to identify which target(s) plays a decisive role. In the study described herein, a rescue experiment was designed to show the important role of mitochondria in BBR activity. A toxic dose of BBR was applied to inhibit cell proliferation and mitochondrial activity, then α-ketobutyrate (AKB), an analogue of pyruvate that serves only as an electron receptor of NADH, was proven to partially restore cell proliferation. However, mitochondrial morphology damage and TCA cycle suppression were not recovered by AKB. As the AKB just help to regenerate NAD+, which is make up for part function of mitochondrial, the recovered cell proliferation stands for the contribution of mitochondria to the activity of BBR. Our results also indicate that BBR suppresses tumour growth and reduces energy charge and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in a HepG2 xenograft model. In summary, our study suggests that mitochondria play an important role in BBR activity regarding tumour cell proliferation and metabolism.
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124
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An improved amperometric L-lactate biosensor based on covalent immobilization of microbial lactate oxidase onto carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes/copper nanoparticles/polyaniline modified pencil graphite electrode. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 96:177-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jin Y, Liu S, Ma Q, Xiao D, Chen L. Berberine enhances the AMPK activation and autophagy and mitigates high glucose-induced apoptosis of mouse podocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 794:106-114. [PMID: 27887947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
High glucose concentration can induce injury of podocytes and berberine has a potent activity against diabetic nephropathy. However, whether and how berberine can inhibit high glucose-mediated injury of podocytes have not been clarified. This study tested the effect of berberine on high glucose-mediated apoptosis and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation and autophagy in podocytes. The results indicated that berberine significantly mitigated high glucose-decreased cell viability, and nephrin and podocin expression as well as apoptosis in mouse podocytes. Berberine significantly increased the AMPK activation and mitigated high glucose and/or the AMPK inhibitor, compound C-mediated mTOR activation and apoptosis in podocytes. Berberine significantly enhanced the AMPK activation and protected from high glucose-induced apoptosis in the AMPK-silencing podocytes. Furthermore, berberine significantly increased the high glucose-elevated Unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase 1 (ULK1) S317/S555 phosphorylation, Beclin-1 expression, the ratios of LC3II to LC3I expression and the numbers of autophagosomes, but reduced ULK1 S757 phosphorylation in podocytes. In addition, berberine significantly attenuated compound C-mediated inhibition of autophagy in podocytes. The protective effect of berberine on high glucose-induced podocyte apoptosis was significantly mitigated by pre-treatment with 3-methyladenine or bafilomycin A1. Collectively, berberine enhanced autophagy and protected from high glucose-induced injury in podocytes by promoting the AMPK activation. Our findings may provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-diabetic nephropathy effect of berberine and may aid in design of new therapies for intervention of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 126, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shuping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 126, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qingshan Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- Academy of Translational Medicine, the First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 126, Changchun 130021, China.
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126
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Shen CY, Jiang JG, Yang L, Wang DW, Zhu W. Anti-ageing active ingredients from herbs and nutraceuticals used in traditional Chinese medicine: pharmacological mechanisms and implications for drug discovery. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 174:1395-1425. [PMID: 27659301 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing, an unanswered question in the medical field, is a multifactorial process that results in a progressive functional decline in cells, tissues and organisms. Although it is impossible to prevent ageing, slowing down the rate of ageing is entirely possible to achieve. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is characterized by the nourishing of life and its role in anti-ageing is getting more and more attention. This article summarizes the work done on the natural products from TCM that are reported to have anti-ageing effects, in the past two decades. The effective anti-ageing ingredients identified can be generally divided into flavonoids, saponins, polysaccharides, alkaloids and others. Astragaloside, Cistanche tubulosa acteoside, icariin, tetrahydrocurcumin, quercetin, butein, berberine, catechin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, gastrodin, 6-Gingerol, glaucarubinone, ginsenoside Rg1, luteolin, icarisid II, naringenin, resveratrol, theaflavin, carnosic acid, catalpol, chrysophanol, cycloastragenol, emodin, galangin, echinacoside, ferulic acid, huperzine, honokiol, isoliensinine, phycocyanin, proanthocyanidins, rosmarinic acid, oxymatrine, piceid, puerarin and salvianolic acid B are specified in this review. Simultaneously, chemical structures of the monomers with anti-ageing activities are listed, and their source, model, efficacy and mechanism are also described. The TCMs with anti-ageing function are classified according to their action pathways, including the telomere and telomerase, the sirtuins, the mammalian target of rapamycin, AMP-activated kinase and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signalling pathway, free radicals scavenging and the resistance to DNA damage. Finally, Chinese compound prescription and extracts related to anti-ageing are introduced, which provides the basis and the direction for the further development of novel and potential drugs. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Shen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- The second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- The second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Cicero AFG, Colletti A. Role of phytochemicals in the management of metabolic syndrome. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1134-44. [PMID: 26778479 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) for some years has been focusing on what is now commonly referred to as an "epidemic of obesity and diabetes" ("diabesity"): behind this outbreak, there are several risk factors grouped in what is called "metabolic syndrome" (MetS). The basis of this "epidemic" is either a diet too often characterized by excessive consumption of saturated and trans-esterified fatty acids, simple sugars and salt, either a sedentary lifestyle. PURPOSE The aim of this review is to focus on the phytochemicals that have a more positive effect on the treatment and/or prevention of MetS. CHAPTERS Treatment strategies for MetS include pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic options, with varying degrees of success rate. The first is indicated for patients with high cardiovascular risk, while the second one is the most cost-effective preventive approach for subjects with borderline parameters and for patients intolerant to pharmacological therapy. MetS non-pharmacological treatments could involve the use of nutraceuticals, most of which has plant origins (phytochemicals), associated with lifestyle improvement. The chapter will discuss the available evidence on soluble fibres from psyllium and other sources, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid and other cinnamon phytochemicals, berberine, corosolic acid from banaba, charantin from bitter gourd, catechins and flavonols from green tea and cocoa. Vegetable omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, alliin from garlic, soy peptides, and curcumin from curcuma longa. CONCLUSION Some nutraceuticals, when adequately dosed, should improve a number of the MetS components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F G Cicero
- Diseases Research Center, Medicine & Surgery Dept., Alma Mater Studiorum Atherosclerosis and Metabolic University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Diseases Research Center, Medicine & Surgery Dept., Alma Mater Studiorum Atherosclerosis and Metabolic University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Lieberthal W, Tang M, Lusco M, Abate M, Levine JS. Preconditioning mice with activators of AMPK ameliorates ischemic acute kidney injury in vivo. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F731-F739. [PMID: 27252492 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00541.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study had two objectives: 1) to determine whether preconditioning cultured proximal tubular cells (PTCs) with pharmacological activators of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) protects these cells from apoptosis induced by metabolic stress in vitro and 2) to assess the effects of preconditioning mice with these agents on the severity of ischemic acute renal kidney injury (AKI) in vivo. We demonstrate that preconditioning PTCs with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) or A-769662 reduces apoptosis of PTCs induced by subsequent stress. We also show that the reduction in cell death during metabolic stress associated with pretreatment by AMPK activators is associated with an increase in the cytosolic level of ATP, which is mediated by an increase in the rate of glycolysis. In addition, we provide evidence that the effect of AMPK activators on glycolysis is mediated, at least in part, by an increased uptake of glucose, and by the induction of hexokinase II (HK II) expression. Our data also show that the increased in HK II expression associated with preconditioning with AMPK activators is mediated by the activation (phosphorylation) of the cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB). We also provide entirely novel evidence that that A-79662 is substantially more effective than AICAR in mediating these alterations in PTCs in vitro. Finally, we demonstrate that preconditioning mice with AICAR or A-769662 substantially reduces the severity of renal dysfunction and tubular injury in a model of ischemic AKI in vivo and that the efficacy of AICAR and A-768662 in ameliorating ischemic AKI in vivo is comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred Lieberthal
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York; Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Northport Veterans Affairs Hospital, Northport, New York;
| | - Meiyi Tang
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Mark Lusco
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mersema Abate
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Jerrold S Levine
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
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Turner N, Zeng XY, Osborne B, Rogers S, Ye JM. Repurposing Drugs to Target the Diabetes Epidemic. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:379-389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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130
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Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase 1 (PHD1) deficiency promotes hepatic steatosis and liver-specific insulin resistance in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24618. [PMID: 27094951 PMCID: PMC4837354 DOI: 10.1038/srep24618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with local tissue hypoxia and elevated hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) in metabolic tissues. Prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) play an important role in regulating HIF-α isoform stability. In the present study, we investigated the consequence of whole-body PHD1 gene (Egln2) inactivation on metabolic homeostasis in mice. At baseline, PHD1-/- mice exhibited higher white adipose tissue (WAT) mass, despite lower body weight, and impaired insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance when compared to age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. When fed a synthetic low-fat diet, PHD1-/- mice also exhibit a higher body weight gain and WAT mass along with glucose intolerance and systemic insulin resistance compared to WT mice. PHD1 deficiency led to increase in glycolytic gene expression, lipogenic proteins ACC and FAS, hepatic steatosis and liver-specific insulin resistance. Furthermore, gene markers of inflammation were also increased in the liver, but not in WAT or skeletal muscle, of PHD1-/- mice. As expected, high-fat diet (HFD) promoted obesity, hepatic steatosis, tissue-specific inflammation and systemic insulin resistance in WT mice but these diet-induced metabolic alterations were not exacerbated in PHD1-/- mice. In conclusion, PHD1 deficiency promotes hepatic steatosis and liver-specific insulin resistance but does not worsen the deleterious effects of HFD on metabolic homeostasis.
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Olaokun OO, McGaw LJ, Janse van Rensburg I, Eloff JN, Naidoo V. Antidiabetic activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of Ficus lutea (Moraceae) leaf extract: comparison of an in vitro assay with an in vivo obese mouse model. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:110. [PMID: 27029351 PMCID: PMC4815146 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Ficus lutea crude acetone leaf extracts were previously shown to stimulate glucose uptake and insulin secretion of established cells and, inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. Methods For this study, F. lutea acetone extracts were subjected to solvent-solvent fractionation to yield fractions with differing polarities (hexane, chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water) in an attempt to obtain a more potent fraction with in vitro and probably in vivo activity. Results Among these fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest total polyphenol content (100.5 ± 1.6 mg GAE/g dried extract) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (126.8 ± 30.6 μg/ml). It also stimulated the highest glucose uptake of C2C12 muscle cells and decreased extracellular glucose concentration of H-4-II-E liver cells with low cytotoxic activity. The ethyl acetate fraction (10.88 ± 0.55 μg/L at 250 μg/ml) enhanced insulin secretion in RIN-m5F pancreatic β-cells to the same degree as the positive control glibenclamide (11.09 ± 0.07 μg/L at 1μM). While fractionation increased α-glucosidase inhibition and glucose uptake of cells, in the ethyl acetate fraction, the α-amylase inhibition and insulin secretion decreased. The weight reducing and glucose control potential of the ethyl acetate fraction in an obese mouse model, important factors in the amelioration of type II diabetes was determined. The extract had no statistical significant weight reducing activity. Conclusion A major finding was the decrease in the area under the curve of the glucose concentration over time in animals that were treated with both a change in diet and with the plant extract. This is linked to increased glucose uptake within the cells, the most likely mechanism is either an increased insulin response or increased insulin secretion.
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The Compound of Mangiferin-Berberine Salt Has Potent Activities in Modulating Lipid and Glucose Metabolisms in HepG2 Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8753436. [PMID: 27123455 PMCID: PMC4829696 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8753436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mangiferin-berberine (MB) salt was synthesized by ionic bonding of mangiferin (M) and berberine (B) at an equal molecular ratio. This study aimed to investigate the activities of MB salt in modulating lipid and glucose metabolisms in HepG2 cells. After 24 h treatment of the studying compounds, cellular AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα)/acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) protein levels and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) 1 activities, intracellular lipid contents, mRNA expression levels of target genes, glucose consumption, and glucose production amounts were determined. Compound C (CC) was used in the blocking experiments. Our results showed that MB salt increased p-AMPKα (Thr172)/p-ACC (Ser79) levels and CPT1 activity and suppressed oleic acid- (OA-) induced lipid accumulation and upregulation of lipogenic genes potently in HepG2 cells. The above activities of MB salt were AMPK dependent and were superior to those of M or B when administered at an equal molar concentration. MB salt enhanced basal and insulin-stimulated glucose consumption and suppressed gluconeogenesis more potently than M or B alone. The inhibiting activity of MB salt on cellular gluconeogenesis was AMPK dependent. Our results may support MB salt as a new kind of agent for the development of novel lipid or glucose-lowering drugs in the future.
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Aromatic Constituents from the Stems of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. Mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao. Molecules 2016; 21:354. [PMID: 26999087 PMCID: PMC6274520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new aromatic constituents, astraflavonoids A (1), B (2), C (3), and astramemoside A (4), along with sixteen known ones 5-20 were obtained from the stems of A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao. Their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Among the known isolates, 14 was obtained from the Astragalus genus for the first time, while 7-12, 18-20 were isolated from the species for the first time. The effects of the compounds obtained from the plant on glucose consumption were analyzed in differentiated L6 myotubes in vitro, whereby compounds 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15 and 18 displayed significant promoting effects on glucose consumption in L6 myotubes. Among them, the activities of 1, 2 and 7 were comparable to that of insulin, which suggested that these compounds may be involved in glucose metabolism and transport.
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Berberine Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis and Suppresses Liver and Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Mice with Diet-induced Obesity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22612. [PMID: 26936230 PMCID: PMC4776174 DOI: 10.1038/srep22612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that berberine (BBR) is beneficial for obesity-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it remains to be elucidated how BBR improves aspects of NAFLD. Here we revealed an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-independent mechanism for BBR to suppress obesity-associated inflammation and improve hepatic steatosis. In C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), treatment with BBR decreased inflammation in both the liver and adipose tissue as indicated by reduction of the phosphorylation state of JNK1 and the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines. BBR treatment also decreased hepatic steatosis, as well as the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase. Interestingly, treatment with BBR did not significantly alter the phosphorylation state of AMPK in both the liver and adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. Consistently, BBR treatment significantly decreased the phosphorylation state of JNK1 in both hepatoma H4IIE cells and mouse primary hepatocytes in both dose-dependent and time-dependent manners, which was independent of AMPK phosphorylation. BBR treatment also caused a decrease in palmitate-induced fat deposition in primary mouse hepatocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that BBR actions on improving aspects of NAFLD are largely attributable to BBR suppression of inflammation, which is independent of AMPK.
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Liu CS, Zheng YR, Zhang YF, Long XY. Research progress on berberine with a special focus on its oral bioavailability. Fitoterapia 2016; 109:274-82. [PMID: 26851175 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Ke B, Wan L, Wang H, Ye J. Induction of Posttranslational Modifications of Mitochondrial Proteins by ATP Contributes to Negative Regulation of Mitochondrial Function. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150454. [PMID: 26930489 PMCID: PMC4773252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that ATP regulates mitochondrial function through the AMPK signaling pathway. However, the AMPK-independent pathway remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated ATP surplus in the negative regulation of mitochondrial function with a focus on pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) phosphorylation and protein acetylation. PDH phosphorylation was induced by a high fat diet in the liver of obese mice, which was associated with ATP elevation. In 1c1c7 hepatoma cells, the phosphorylation was induced by palmitate treatment through induction of ATP production. The phosphorylation was associated with a reduction in mitochondria oxygen consumption after 4 h treatment. The palmitate effect was blocked by etomoxir, which inhibited ATP production through suppression of fatty acid β-oxidation. The PDH phosphorylation was induced by incubation of mitochondrial lysate with ATP in vitro without altering the expression of PDH kinase 2 (PDK2) and 4 (PDK4). In addition, acetylation of multiple mitochondrial proteins was induced by ATP in the same conditions. Acetyl-CoA exhibited a similar activity to ATP in induction of the phosphorylation and acetylation. These data suggest that ATP elevation may inhibit mitochondrial function through induction of the phosphorylation and acetylation of mitochondrial proteins. The results suggest an AMPK-independent mechanism for ATP regulation of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Antioxidant and Gene Regulation Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States of America
| | - Zhiyun Zhao
- Antioxidant and Gene Regulation Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States of America
| | - Bilun Ke
- Antioxidant and Gene Regulation Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States of America
| | - Lin Wan
- Antioxidant and Gene Regulation Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States of America
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine in Henan Province, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jianping Ye
- Antioxidant and Gene Regulation Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Berberine relieves insulin resistance via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in HepG2 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 36:64-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-016-1543-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cicero AFG, Baggioni A. Berberine and Its Role in Chronic Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 928:27-45. [PMID: 27671811 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt from the protoberberine group of isoquinoline alkaloids. It is found in such plants as Berberis [e.g. Berberis aquifolium (Oregon grape), Berberis vulgaris (barberry), Berberis aristata (tree turmeric)], Hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal), Xanthorhiza simplicissima (yellowroot), Phellodendron amurense [2] (Amur corktree), Coptis chinensis (Chinese goldthread), Tinospora cordifolia, Argemone mexicana (prickly poppy) and Eschscholzia californica (Californian poppy). In vitro it exerts significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In animal models berberine has neuroprotective and cardiovascular protective effects. In humans, its lipid-lowering and insulin-resistance improving actions have clearly been demonstrated in numerous randomized clinical trials. Moreover, preliminary clinical evidence suggest the ability of berberine to reduce endothelial inflammation improving vascular health, even in patients already affected by cardiovascular diseases. Altogether the available evidences suggest a possible application of berberine use in the management of chronic cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F G Cicero
- Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Research Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Albertoni 15, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Baggioni
- Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Research Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Albertoni 15, 40138, Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
Berberine, an important protoberberine isoquinoline alkaloid, has several pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial, glucose- and cholesterol-lowering, antitumoral, and immunomodulatory properties. Substantial studies suggest that berberine may be beneficial to Alzheimer's disease (AD) by limiting the pathogenesis of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Increasing evidence has indicated that berberine exerts a protective role in atherosclerosis related to lipid- and glucose-lowering properties, implicating that berberine has the potential to inhibit these risk factors for AD. This review also attempts to discuss the pharmacological basis through which berberine may retard oxidative stress and neuroinflammation to exhibit its protective role in AD. Accordingly, berberine might be considered a potential therapeutic approach to prevent or delay the process of AD. However, more detailed investigations along with a safety assessment of berberine are warranted to clarify the role of berberine in limiting these risk factors and AD-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Cai
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan Renmin Hospital, Shiyan, Hubei Province
| | - Chuanling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan Renmin Hospital, Shiyan, Hubei Province
| | - Wenming Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
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A Single Arm Pilot Study of Effects of Berberine on the Menstrual Pattern, Ovulation Rate, Hormonal and Metabolic Profiles in Anovulatory Chinese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144072. [PMID: 26645811 PMCID: PMC4672885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of berberine on the menstrual pattern, ovulation rate, hormonal and metabolic profiles in anovulatory Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods Berberine 0.4 g three times per day was given for four months to 102 anovulatory Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The menstrual pattern, ovulation rate, hormonal and metabolic profiles were compared before and after the berberine treatment. Ovulation was confirmed by serum progesterone level ≥10ng/ml. Results A total of 98 of 102 subjects (96.1%) completed the four month treatment, including 69 (70.4%, 69/98) normal weight and 29 (29.6%, 29/98) overweight/obese. Fourteen women (14.3%, 14/98) had regained regular menses after berberine treatment and there was no significant difference between normal weight and overweight/obese groups. The ovulation rate was 25.0% over four months in the whole group, 22.5% in the normal weight group and 31.0% in the overweight/obese group. Sex hormone binding globulin, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, total triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased after berberine treatment in the normal weight group only. Conclusions Our study found that administration of berberine alone may improve the menstrual pattern and ovulation rate in anovulatory Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Berberine can also decrease sex hormone binding globulin, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in normal weight polycystic ovary syndrome women. Trial Registration Chictr.org ChiCTR-OO-13003943
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Pirillo A, Catapano AL. Berberine, a plant alkaloid with lipid- and glucose-lowering properties: From in vitro evidence to clinical studies. Atherosclerosis 2015; 243:449-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Aziz M, Ghareeb D, Eweda S, Hussien H, Demellawy ME. Immunomodulatory effect of Berberis vulgarisextracts on murine splenocytes and enrichment of dendritic cells in vitro. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1069172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Diaz B, Fuentes-Mera L, Tovar A, Montiel T, Massieu L, Martínez-Rodríguez H, Camacho A. Saturated lipids decrease mitofusin 2 leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress activation and insulin resistance in hypothalamic cells. Brain Res 2015; 1627:80-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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146
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Wei XC, Zhu LQ, Wang CG. Efficacy and Safety of Berberine in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(15)60063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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147
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Wu U, Cha Y, Huang X, Liu J, Chen Z, Wang F, Xu J, Sheng L, Ding H. Protective effects of berberine on high fat-induced kidney damage by increasing serum adiponectin and promoting insulin sensitivity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:14486-14492. [PMID: 26823767 PMCID: PMC4713553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) has been reported in several studies in cell and animal models. However, the mechanism of actions is not fully understood. The present study was therefore aimed to explore the effects of berberine on insulin sensitivity and kidney damage in a high fat diet rat model. Impaired glucose tolerance rats induced by injection of berberine while fed with high fat laboratory chow. After rats were treated for 4 weeks, OGTT and IPITT were determined. Mass and PAS were used to study the kidney tissue. ELISA was used to detect the protein concentration of CRP and TNF-α. Western blot was used to detect the proteins adiponectin, adipoR1, adipoR2 and p-AMPK expression level. These encouraging findings suggest that berberine has excellent pharmacological potential to prevent kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ueyue Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Cha
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Xinmei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Zaoping Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Jiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Li Sheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Heyuan Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University Shanghai, China
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Effect of Rhizoma coptidis (Huang Lian) on Treating Diabetes Mellitus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:921416. [PMID: 26508987 PMCID: PMC4609856 DOI: 10.1155/2015/921416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming a major public health issue globally; considerable progress has been made in the field of western hypoglycemic drug and insulin, but some shortages still exist. As one of the most important parts in complementary and alternative therapies, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) performs a good clinical practice and is showing a bright future in the treatment of DM. TCM therapy has certain advantages of less toxicity and/or side effects, and Chinese herbal medicine which usually contains various active ingredients could provide multiple therapeutic effects. Huang Lian (Rhizoma coptidis, RC) is a herb frequently used in many traditional formulas for properties of “clearing damp-heat, quenching fire, and counteracting poison” in Asia for centuries. In this review, we summarize the application of RC in the treatment of DM from two aspects of contents. Firstly, theoretical principles are explained, including the properties and related records about RC in ancient references and modern pharmacological researches and pharmacokinetics on RC and its active components. Secondly, the clinical application of RC is mainly reviewed, such as applicable stage and syndrome, the reasonable dose range, the preparation formulations, and the toxicity and/or side effects and solutions to its adverse actions. This review provides scientific evidence about the effective components, pharmacological researches, and toxicity of RC, as well as introducing traditional Chinese medical theory and clinical experience, in order to guide clinician to use RC more suitably and reasonably in the clinical practice.
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Xue M, Zhang L, Yang MX, Zhang W, Li XM, Ou ZM, Li ZP, Liu SH, Li XJ, Yang SY. Berberine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles are concentrated in the liver and ameliorate hepatosteatosis in db/db mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:5049-57. [PMID: 26346310 PMCID: PMC4531046 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s84565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) shows very low plasma levels after oral administration due to its poor absorption by the gastrointestinal tract. We have previously demonstrated that BBR showed increased gastrointestinal absorption and enhanced antidiabetic effects in db/db mice after being entrapped into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). However, whether BBR-loaded SLNs (BBR-SLNs) also have beneficial effects on hepatosteatosis is not clear. We investigated the effects of BBR-SLNs on lipid metabolism in the liver using histological staining and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. The results showed that oral administration of BBR-SLNs inhibited the increase of body weight and decreased liver weight in parallel with the reduction of serum alanine transaminase and liver triglyceride levels in db/db mice. The maximum drug concentration in the liver was 20-fold higher than that in the blood. BBR-SLNs reduced fat accumulation and lipid droplet sizes significantly in the liver, as indicated by hematoxylin and eosin and Oil Red O staining. The expression of lipogenic genes, including fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) were downregulated, while lipolytic gene carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT1) was upregulated in BBR-SLN-treated livers. In summary, we have uncovered an unexpected effect of BBR-SLNs on hepatosteatosis treatment through the inhibition of lipogenesis and the induction of lipolysis in the liver of db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xue
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chao Yang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-xing Yang
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-min Li
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chao Yang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-min Ou
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-peng Li
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chao Yang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-huan Liu
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-jun Li
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-yu Yang
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
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Ragab SMM, Abd Elghaffar SK, El-Metwally TH, Badr G, Mahmoud MH, Omar HM. Effect of a high fat, high sucrose diet on the promotion of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in male rats: the ameliorative role of three natural compounds. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:83. [PMID: 26228038 PMCID: PMC4520282 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial disease with a complex pathophysiology. The clinical features of NAFLD include obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidemia. Consumption of a diet high in saturated fats and sucrose is an important factor in the increasing occurrence of these metabolic disorders, primarily NAFLD and IR. We sought to assess the role of a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFS) diet in the promotion of NAFLD and to evaluate the effects of quercetin (Q), berberine (BB) and o-coumaric acid (CA) on modulation of these disorders. METHODS Fifty male rats were divided into 2 main groups as follows: group 1 comprised 10 rats fed a standard diet (SD), and group 2 comprised 40 rats fed an HFS diet for 6 weeks and then subdivided equally into 4 groups; one of these groups served as the HFS diet and each of the other three groups received daily supplementation with either Q, CA or BB for 6 weeks. RESULTS In the present study, several metabolic disorders were induced in our laboratory animal model, as evidenced by histological and biochemical changes. These alterations included serum and hepatic dyslipidemia (i.e., increased triglyceride, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels and decreased high-density lipoprotein levels), alterations in metabolic enzyme activities (lipase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), histological changes in the liver (micro- and macrovesicular steatosis) and the downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in adipose tissue and the liver. Daily oral supplementation with Q, CA or BB for 6 weeks after NAFLD induction had a hypolipidemic action and modulated metabolic markers. CONCLUSION We showed that an HFS diet is able to promote NAFLD, and our results suggest that CA and BB are promising complementary supplements that can ameliorate the metabolic disorders associated with an HFS diet; however, Q requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohair M M Ragab
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | - Sary Kh Abd Elghaffar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Tarek H El-Metwally
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Gamal Badr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed H Mahmoud
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,Food Science and Nutrition Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hossam M Omar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
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