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Prieto-Carrasco R, García-Arroyo FE, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Rojas-Morales P, León-Contreras JC, Hernández-Pando R, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Tapia E, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Progressive Reduction in Mitochondrial Mass Is Triggered by Alterations in Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Dynamics in Chronic Kidney Disease Induced by 5/6 Nephrectomy. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:349. [PMID: 33919054 PMCID: PMC8143166 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The five-sixth nephrectomy (5/6Nx) model is widely used to study the mechanisms involved in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Mitochondrial impairment is a critical mechanism that favors CKD progression. However, until now, there are no temporal studies of the change in mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics that allow determining the role of these processes in mitochondrial impairment and renal damage progression in the 5/6Nx model. In this work, we determined the changes in mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics markers in remnant renal mass from days 2 to 28 after 5/6Nx. Our results show a progressive reduction in mitochondrial biogenesis triggered by reducing two principal regulators of mitochondrial protein expression, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. Furthermore, the reduction in mitochondrial biogenesis proteins strongly correlates with the increase in renal damage markers. Additionally, we found a slow and gradual change in mitochondrial dynamics from fusion to fission, favoring mitochondrial fragmentation at later stages after 5/6Nx. Together, our results suggest that 5/6Nx induces the progressive reduction in mitochondrial mass over time via the decrease in mitochondrial biogenesis factors and a slow shift from mitochondrial fission to fusion; both mechanisms favor CKD progression in the remnant renal mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Prieto-Carrasco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.P.-C.); (O.E.A.-T.); (P.R.-M.)
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.E.G.-A.); (L.G.S.-L.); (E.T.)
| | - Fernando E. García-Arroyo
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.E.G.-A.); (L.G.S.-L.); (E.T.)
| | - Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.P.-C.); (O.E.A.-T.); (P.R.-M.)
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.E.G.-A.); (L.G.S.-L.); (E.T.)
| | - Pedro Rojas-Morales
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.P.-C.); (O.E.A.-T.); (P.R.-M.)
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.E.G.-A.); (L.G.S.-L.); (E.T.)
| | - Juan Carlos León-Contreras
- Experimental Pathology Section, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City 14000, Mexico; (J.C.L.-C.); (R.H.-P.)
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Experimental Pathology Section, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City 14000, Mexico; (J.C.L.-C.); (R.H.-P.)
| | - Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.E.G.-A.); (L.G.S.-L.); (E.T.)
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.E.G.-A.); (L.G.S.-L.); (E.T.)
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.P.-C.); (O.E.A.-T.); (P.R.-M.)
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102
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Infante B, Bellanti F, Correale M, Pontrelli P, Franzin R, Leo S, Calvaruso M, Mercuri S, Netti GS, Ranieri E, Brunetti ND, Grandaliano G, Gesualdo L, Serviddio G, Castellano G, Stallone G. mTOR inhibition improves mitochondria function/biogenesis and delays cardiovascular aging in kidney transplant recipients with chronic graft dysfunction. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:8026-8039. [PMID: 33758105 PMCID: PMC8034974 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CVD remains the major cause of mortality with graft functioning in Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), with an estimated risk of CV events about 50-fold higher than in the general population. Many strategies have been considered to reduce the CV risk such as the use of mTOR inhibitors. We evaluate whether chronic mTOR inhibition might influence CV aging in KTRs studying the molecular mechanisms involved in this effect. We retrospectively analyzed 210 KTRs with stable graft function on therapy with CNI and mycophenolic acid (Group A, 105 pts.), or with CNI and mTORi (Everolimus, Group B, 105 pts.). The presence of mTOR inhibitor in immunosuppressive therapy was associated to increase serum levels of Klotho with concomitant reduction in FGF-23, with a significant decrease in left ventricular mass. In addition, KTRs with mTORi improved mitochondrial function/biogenesis in PBMC with more efficient oxidative phosphorylation, antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activity. Finally, group B KTRs presented reduced levels of inflammaging markers such as reduced serum pentraxin-3 and p21ink expression in PBMC. In conclusion, we demonstrated that mTOR inhibition in immunosuppressive protocols prevents the occurrence and signs of CV aging in KTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Infante
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Bellanti
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Michele Correale
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paola Pontrelli
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Rossana Franzin
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Serena Leo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Martina Calvaruso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Silvia Mercuri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Stefano Netti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Elena Ranieri
- Clinical Pathology Unit and Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Natale Daniele Brunetti
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grandaliano
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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103
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RCAN1.4 mediates high glucose-induced matrix production by stimulating mitochondrial fission in mesangial cells. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:221739. [PMID: 31894838 PMCID: PMC6970086 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High glucose (HG)-induced mitochondrial dynamic changes and oxidative damage are closely related to the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Recent studies suggest that regulators of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial function in different cell types, so we investigate the role of RCAN1 in mitochondrial dynamics under HG ambience in rat glomerular mesangial cells (MCs). MCs subjected to HG exhibited an isoform-specific up-regulation of RCAN1.4 at both mRNA and protein levels. RCAN1.4 overexpression induced translocation of Dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) to mitochondria, mitochondrial fragmentation and depolarization, accompanied by increased matrix production under normal glucose and HG ambience. In contrast, decreasing the expression of RCAN1.4 by siRNA inhibited HG-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and matrix protein up-regulation. Moreover, both mitochondrial fission inhibitor Mdivi-1 and Drp1 shRNA prevented RCAN1.4-induced fibronectin up-regulation, suggesting that RCAN1.4-induced matrix production is dependent on its modulation of mitochondrial fission. Although HG-induced RCAN1.4 up-regulation was achieved by activating calcineurin, RCAN1.4-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation and matrix production is independent of calcineurin activity. These results provide the first evidence for the HG-induced RCAN1.4 up-regulation involving increased mitochondrial fragmentation, leading to matrix protein up-regulation.
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104
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Yu S, Palanisamy K, Sun K, Li X, Wang Y, Lin F, Chen K, Wang I, Yu T, Li C. Human antigen R regulates hypoxia-induced mitophagy in renal tubular cells through PARKIN/BNIP3L expressions. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2691-2702. [PMID: 33496385 PMCID: PMC7933924 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury (AKI). Mitophagy selectively degrades damaged mitochondria and thereby regulates cellular homeostasis. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate RNA processing at multiple levels and thereby control cellular function. In this study, we aimed to understand the role of human antigen R (HuR) in hypoxia-induced mitophagy process in the renal tubular cells. Mitophagy marker expressions (PARKIN, p-PARKIN, PINK1, BNIP3L, BNIP3, LC3) were determined by western blot analysis. Immunofluorescence studies were performed to analyze mitophagosome, mitolysosome, co-localization of p-PARKIN/TOMM20 and BNIP3L/TOMM20. HuR-mediated regulation of PARKIN/BNIP3L expressions was determined by RNA-immunoprecipitation analysis and RNA stability experiments. Hypoxia induced mitochondrial dysfunction by increased ROS, decline in membrane potential and activated mitophagy through up-regulated PARKIN, PINK1, BNIP3 and BNIP3L expressions. HuR knockdown studies revealed that HuR regulates hypoxia-induced mitophagosome and mitolysosome formation. HuR was significantly bound to PARKIN and BNIP3L mRNA under hypoxia and thereby up-regulated their expressions through mRNA stability. Altogether, our data highlight the importance of HuR in mitophagy regulation through up-regulating PARKIN/BNIP3L expressions in renal tubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao‐Hua Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Emergency MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | | | - Kuo‐Ting Sun
- Department of Pediatric DentistryChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of DentistryChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Xin Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yao‐Ming Wang
- Department of RadiologyTaichung Tzu Chi HospitalBuddhist Tzu Chi Medical FoundationTaichungTaiwan
| | - Feng‐Yen Lin
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of MedicineCollege of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research CenterTaipei Medical University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Kuen‐Bao Chen
- School of MedicineChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of AnesthesiologyChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - I‐Kuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- School of MedicineChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Division of NephrologyChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Tung‐Min Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chi‐Yuan Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of AnesthesiologyChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
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105
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Kim K, Cha SJ, Choi HJ, Kang JS, Lee EY. Dysfunction of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Drosophila Model of Diabetic Nephropathy. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11010067. [PMID: 33477666 PMCID: PMC7831917 DOI: 10.3390/life11010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN), its mechanisms are poorly understood, and it remains debatable whether mitochondrial morphological change is a cause of DN. In this study, a Drosophila DN model was established by treating a chronic high-sucrose diet that exhibits similar phenotypes in animals. Results showed that flies fed a chronic high-sucrose diet exhibited a reduction in lifespan, as well as increased lipid droplets in fat body tissue. Furthermore, the chronic high-sucrose diet effectively induced the morphological abnormalities of nephrocytes in Drosophila. High-sucrose diet induced mitochondria fusion in nephrocytes by increasing Opa1 and Marf expression. These findings establish Drosophila as a useful model for studying novel regulators and molecular mechanisms for imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics in the pathogenesis of DN. Furthermore, understanding the pathology of mitochondrial dysfunction regarding morphological changes in DN would facilitate the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoung Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (E.Y.L.); Tel.: +82-41-413-5024 (K.K.); +82-41-570-3684 (E.Y.L.); Fax: +82-41-413-5006 (K.K. & E.Y.L.)
| | - Sun Joo Cha
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Jun Choi
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Jeong Suk Kang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- BK21 FOUR Project, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (E.Y.L.); Tel.: +82-41-413-5024 (K.K.); +82-41-570-3684 (E.Y.L.); Fax: +82-41-413-5006 (K.K. & E.Y.L.)
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106
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Ramick MG, Kirkman DL, Stock JM, Muth BJ, Farquhar WB, Chirinos JA, Doulias PT, Ischiropoulos H, Edwards DG. The effect of dietary nitrate on exercise capacity in chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled pilot study. Nitric Oxide 2021; 106:17-23. [PMID: 33080411 PMCID: PMC10026360 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients exhibit a reduced exercise capacity that impacts quality of life. Dietary nitrate supplementation has been shown to have favorable effects on exercise capacity in disease populations by reducing the oxygen cost of exercise. This study investigated whether dietary nitrates would acutely improve exercise capacity in CKD patients. METHODS AND RESULTS In this randomized, double-blinded crossover study, 12 Stage 3-4 CKD patients (Mean ± SEM: Age, 60 ± 5yrs; eGFR, 50.3 ± 4.6 ml/min/1.73 m2) received an acute dose of 12.6 mmol of dietary nitrate in the form of concentrated beetroot juice (BRJ) and a nitrate depleted placebo (PLA). Skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative function was assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed on a cycle ergometer, with intensity increased by 25 W every 3 min until volitional fatigue. Plasma nitric oxide (NO) metabolites (NOm; nitrate, nitrite, low molecular weight S-nitrosothiols, and metal bound NO) were determined by gas-phase chemiluminescence. Plasma NOm values were significantly increased following BRJ (BRJ vs. PLA: 1074.4 ± 120.4 μM vs. 28.4 ± 6.6 μM, p < 0.001). Total work performed (44.4 ± 10.6 vs 39.6 ± 9.9 kJ, p = 0.03) and total exercise time (674 ± 85 vs 627 ± 86s, p = 0.04) were significantly greater following BRJ. Oxygen consumption at the ventilatory threshold was also improved by BRJ (0.90 ± 0.08 vs. 0.74 ± 0.06 L/min, p = 0.04). These changes occurred in the absence of improved skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity (p = 0.52) and VO2peak (p = 0.35). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that inorganic nitrate can acutely improve exercise capacity in CKD patients. The effects of chronic nitrate supplementation on CKD related exercise intolerance should be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan G Ramick
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Department of Kinesiology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA, USA
| | - Danielle L Kirkman
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Joseph M Stock
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Bryce J Muth
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; School of Health Sciences, Stockton University, Stockton, NJ, USA
| | - William B Farquhar
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Julio A Chirinos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paschalis-Thomas Doulias
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David G Edwards
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
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107
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Thallas-Bonke V, Tan SM, Lindblom RS, Snelson M, Granata C, Jha JC, Sourris KC, Laskowski A, Watson A, Tauc M, Rubera I, Zheng G, Shah AM, Harris DCH, Elbatreek MH, Kantharidis P, Cooper ME, Jandeleit-Dahm K, Coughlan MT. Targeted deletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 from proximal tubules is dispensable for diabetic kidney disease development. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 36:988-997. [PMID: 33367789 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase isoform 4 (Nox4) mediates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and renal fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) at the level of the podocyte. However, the mitochondrial localization of Nox4 and its role as a mitochondrial bioenergetic sensor has recently been reported. Whether Nox4 drives pathology in DKD within the proximal tubular compartment, which is densely packed with mitochondria, is not yet known. METHODS We generated a proximal tubular-specific Nox4 knockout mouse model by breeding Nox4flox/flox mice with mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 promoter. Subsets of Nox4ptKO mice and their Nox4flox/flox littermates were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. Mice were followed for 20 weeks and renal injury was assessed. RESULTS Genetic ablation of proximal tubular Nox4 (Nox4ptKO) resulted in no change in renal function and histology. Nox4ptKO mice and Nox4flox/flox littermates injected with STZ exhibited the hallmarks of DKD, including hyperfiltration, albuminuria, renal fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis. Surprisingly, diabetes-induced renal injury was not improved in Nox4ptKO STZ mice compared with Nox4flox/flox STZ mice. Although diabetes conferred ROS overproduction and increased the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate, proximal tubular deletion of Nox4 did not normalize oxidative stress or mitochondrial bioenergetics. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results demonstrate that genetic deletion of Nox4 from the proximal tubules does not influence DKD development, indicating that Nox4 localization within this highly energetic compartment is dispensable for chronic kidney disease pathogenesis in the setting of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sih Min Tan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Runa S Lindblom
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Snelson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cesare Granata
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jay Chandra Jha
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karly C Sourris
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrienne Laskowski
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Watson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michel Tauc
- Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire, LP2M, UMR-CNRS 7370, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Isabelle Rubera
- Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire, LP2M, UMR-CNRS 7370, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Guoping Zheng
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - David C H Harris
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mahmoud H Elbatreek
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Phillip Kantharidis
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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108
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Huang S, Tang Y, Liu T, Zhang N, Yang X, Yang D, Hong G. A Novel Antioxidant Protects Against Contrast Medium-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:599577. [PMID: 33329004 PMCID: PMC7729082 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.599577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies proposed that oxidative stress and apoptosis are key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). Xylose-pyrogallol conjugate (XP) is an original effective antioxidant that showed decent antioxidant and anti-apoptosis effect before. Thus the therapeutic effect and mechanism of XP in preventing CI-AKI in the short and long term were investigated in this research. Renal function and histological grade were evaluated to determine the severity of renal injury. Kidney samples were then collected for the measurement of oxidative stress markers and the detection of apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and western blot of mitochondrial protein were utilized for the analysis of the mitochondrial conditions. The results demonstrated that the CI-AKI rats caused a significant decrease in renal function accompanied by a remarkable increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA), bax, caspase-3, cytochrome c (Cyt C) level, TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive apoptotic cells, and damaged mitochondria, while a decline in antioxidase activities and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression compared with the control rats. However, when XP (50 or 100 or 200 mg/kg/day) was given orally for consecutive 7 days before CI-AKI modeling, XP (200 mg/kg) showed a better capability to restore renal dysfunction, histopathological appearance, the level of apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, and fibrosis generation without interference in computed tomographic imaging. Our study indicated that antioxidant XP played a nephroprotective role probably via antiapoptotic and antioxidant mechanisms. Besides, XP may regulate the mitochondria pathway via decreasing the ratio of bax/bcl-2, inhibiting caspase-3 expression, cytochrome c release, and superoxide dismutase 2 activity. Overall, XP as a high-efficient antioxidant may have the potentials to prevent CI-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Huang
- Clinical College of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Clinical College of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianjun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Xueyan Yang
- Clinical College of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dingwei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Hong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Gujarati NA, Vasquez JM, Bogenhagen DF, Mallipattu SK. The complicated role of mitochondria in the podocyte. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F955-F965. [PMID: 33073585 PMCID: PMC7792691 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00393.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a complex role in maintaining cellular function including ATP generation, generation of biosynthetic precursors for macromolecules, maintenance of redox homeostasis, and metabolic waste management. Although the contribution of mitochondrial function in various kidney diseases has been studied, there are still avenues that need to be explored under healthy and diseased conditions. Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction have been implicated in experimental models of podocytopathy as well as in humans with glomerular diseases resulting from podocyte dysfunction. Specifically, in the podocyte, metabolism is largely driven by oxidative phosphorylation or glycolysis depending on the metabolic needs. These metabolic needs may change drastically in the presence of podocyte injury in glomerular diseases such as diabetic kidney disease or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Here, we review the role of mitochondria in the podocyte and the factors regulating its function at baseline and in a variety of podocytopathies to identify potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehaben A Gujarati
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Jessica M Vasquez
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Daniel F Bogenhagen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Sandeep K Mallipattu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Renal Section, Northport Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York
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110
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Schijvens AM, van de Kar NC, Bootsma-Robroeks CM, Cornelissen EA, van den Heuvel LP, Schreuder MF. Mitochondrial Disease and the Kidney With a Special Focus on CoQ 10 Deficiency. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:2146-2159. [PMID: 33305107 PMCID: PMC7710892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial cytopathies include a heterogeneous group of diseases that are characterized by impaired oxidative phosphorylation, leading to multi-organ involvement and progressive clinical deterioration. Most mitochondrial cytopathies that cause kidney symptoms are characterized by tubular defects, but glomerular, tubulointerstitial, and cystic diseases have also been described. Mitochondrial cytopathies can result from mitochondrial or nuclear DNA mutations. Early recognition of defects in the coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) biosynthesis is important, as patients with primary CoQ10 deficiency may be responsive to treatment with oral CoQ10 supplementation, in contrast to most mitochondrial diseases. A literature search was conducted to investigate kidney involvement in genetic mitochondrial cytopathies and to identify mitochondrial and nuclear DNA mutations involved in mitochondrial kidney disease. Furthermore, we identified all reported cases to date with a CoQ10 deficiency with glomerular involvement, including 3 patients with variable renal phenotypes in our clinic. To date, 144 patients from 95 families with a primary CoQ10 deficiency and glomerular involvement have been described based on mutations in PDSS1, PDSS2, COQ2, COQ6, and COQ8B/ADCK4. This review provides an overview of kidney involvement in genetic mitochondrial cytopathies with a special focus on CoQ10 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Schijvens
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole C. van de Kar
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte M. Bootsma-Robroeks
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A. Cornelissen
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lambertus P. van den Heuvel
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Development and Regeneration,University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michiel F. Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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111
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Tanaka K, Ueno T, Yoshida M, Shimizu Y, Ogawa T, Nishisaka T, Kurashige T, Masaki T. Chronic kidney disease caused by maternally inherited diabetes and deafness: a case report. CEN Case Rep 2020; 10:220-225. [PMID: 33125665 DOI: 10.1007/s13730-020-00547-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) is a mitochondrial genetic disorder with variable clinical presentations, which can delay its diagnosis. Herein, we report the case of a 57-year-old Japanese man with MIDD who developed chronic kidney disease. He developed proteinuria long before his diabetes and deafness; at the age of 36 years, a renal biopsy showed minor glomerular abnormality and electron microscopy showed mild mitochondrial degeneration in the distal tubular epithelial cells. Twenty years later, a second renal biopsy showed nephrosclerosis with interstitial fibrosis and arteriolar hyaline thickening, despite the absence of hypertension and relatively good glycemic control. Granular swollen epithelial cells were found in the medullary collecting duct epithelium. Electron microscopy showed accumulating mitochondria in podocytes and tubular cells, leading to the diagnosis of MIDD. A muscle biopsy also showed ragged-red fibers, despite the absence of muscle weakness. Mitochondrial DNA analysis revealed an m.3243A > G mutation, and taurine supplementation was initiated. Our findings suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is mainly associated with progressive renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Tanaka
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54, Ujinakanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530, Japan
| | - Toshinori Ueno
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54, Ujinakanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530, Japan.
| | - Maria Yoshida
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuka Shimizu
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54, Ujinakanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530, Japan
| | - Takahiko Ogawa
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54, Ujinakanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishisaka
- Department of Pathology, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurashige
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takao Masaki
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
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112
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Verma A. VDAC1 at the Intersection of Cell Metabolism, Apoptosis, and Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1485. [PMID: 33114780 PMCID: PMC7693975 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) protein, is an important regulator of mitochondrial function, and serves as a mitochondrial gatekeeper, with responsibility for cellular fate. In addition to control over energy sources and metabolism, the protein also regulates epigenomic elements and apoptosis via mediating the release of apoptotic proteins from the mitochondria. Apoptotic and pathological conditions, as well as certain viruses, induce cell death by inducing VDAC1 overexpression leading to oligomerization, and the formation of a large channel within the VDAC1 homo-oligomer. This then permits the release of pro-apoptotic proteins from the mitochondria and subsequent apoptosis. Mitochondrial DNA can also be released through this channel, which triggers type-Ι interferon responses. VDAC1 also participates in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria cross-talk, and in the regulation of autophagy, and inflammation. Its location in the outer mitochondrial membrane, makes VDAC1 ideally placed to interact with over 100 proteins, and to orchestrate the interaction of mitochondrial and cellular activities through a number of signaling pathways. Here, we provide insights into the multiple functions of VDAC1 and describe its involvement in several diseases, which demonstrate the potential of this protein as a druggable target in a wide variety of pathologies, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; (A.S.-K.); (A.V.)
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113
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Novel approach to quantify mitochondrial content and intrinsic bioenergetic efficiency across organs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17599. [PMID: 33077793 PMCID: PMC7572412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74718-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human disease pathophysiology commonly involves metabolic disruption at both the cellular and subcellular levels. Isolated mitochondria are a powerful model for separating global cellular changes from intrinsic mitochondrial alterations. However, common laboratory practices for isolating mitochondria (e.g., differential centrifugation) routinely results in organelle preparations with variable mitochondrial purity. To overcome this issue, we developed a mass spectrometry-based method that quantitatively evaluates sample-specific percent mitochondrial enrichment. Sample-specific mitochondrial enrichment was then used to correct various biochemical readouts of mitochondrial function to a ‘fixed’ amount of mitochondrial protein, thus allowing for intrinsic mitochondrial bioenergetics, relative to the underlying proteome, to be assessed across multiple mouse tissues (e.g., heart, brown adipose, kidney, liver). Our results support the use of mitochondrial-targeted nLC-MS/MS as a method to quantitate mitochondrial enrichment on a per-sample basis, allowing for unbiased comparison of functional parameters between populations of mitochondria isolated from metabolically distinct tissues. This method can easily be applied across multiple experimental settings in which intrinsic shifts in the mitochondrial network are suspected of driving a given physiological or pathophysiological outcome.
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114
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Jiang M, Bai M, Lei J, Xie Y, Xu S, Jia Z, Zhang A. Mitochondrial dysfunction and the AKI-to-CKD transition. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F1105-F1116. [PMID: 33073587 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00285.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been widely recognized as an important risk factor for the occurrence and development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Even milder AKI has adverse consequences and could progress to renal fibrosis, which is the ultimate common pathway for various terminal kidney diseases. Thus, it is urgent to develop a strategy to hinder the transition from AKI to CKD. Some mechanisms of the AKI-to-CKD transition have been revealed, such as nephron loss, cell cycle arrest, persistent inflammation, endothelial injury with vascular rarefaction, and epigenetic changes. Previous studies have elucidated the pivotal role of mitochondria in acute injuries and demonstrated that the fitness of this organelle is a major determinant in both the pathogenesis and recovery of organ function. Recent research has suggested that damage to mitochondrial function in early AKI is a crucial factor leading to tubular injury and persistent renal insufficiency. Dysregulation of mitochondrial homeostasis, alterations in bioenergetics, and organelle stress cross talk contribute to the AKI-to-CKD transition. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiology of mitochondria in renal recovery after AKI and progression to CKD, confirming that targeting mitochondria represents a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for the progression of AKI to CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mi Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Lab of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Lei
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Lab of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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115
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Wei W, Ma N, Fan X, Yu Q, Ci X. The role of Nrf2 in acute kidney injury: Novel molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 158:1-12. [PMID: 32663513 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical syndrome that is related to high morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress, including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), appears to be the main element in the occurrence of AKI and the cause of the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) into end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a significant regulator of redox balance that has been shown to improve kidney disease by eliminating ROS. To date, researchers have found that the use of Nrf2-activated compounds can effectively reduce ROS, thereby preventing or retarding the progression of various types of AKI. In this review, we summarized the molecular mechanisms of Nrf2 and ROS in AKI and described the latest findings on the therapeutic potential of Nrf2 activators in various types of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoye Fan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qinlei Yu
- Jilin Provincial Animal Disease Control Center, 4510 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xinxin Ci
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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116
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Sang XY, Xiao JJ, Liu Q, Zhu R, Dai JJ, Zhang C, Yu H, Yang SJ, Zhang BF. Regulators of calcineurin 1 deficiency attenuates tubulointerstitial fibrosis through improving mitochondrial fitness. FASEB J 2020; 34. [PMID: 32896034 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000781rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the common pathological process of various chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Recent studies indicate that mitochondrial fragmentation is closely associated with renal fibrosis in CKD. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to mitochondrial fragmentation remain to be elucidated. The present study investigated the role of regulators of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) in mitochondrial fission and renal interstitial fibrosis using conditional knockout mice in which RCAN1 was genetically deleted in tubular epithelial cells (TECs). TEC-specific deletion of RCAN1 attenuated tubulointerstitial fibrosis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like phenotype change after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) through suppressing TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. TEC-specific deletion of RCAN1 also reduced the tubular apoptosis after UUO by inhibiting cytochrome c/caspase-9 pathway. Ultrastructure analysis revealed a marked decrease in mitochondrial fragmentation in TECs of RCAN1-deficient mice in experimental CKD models. The expression of mitochondrial profission proteins dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and mitochondrial fission factor (Mff) was also downregulated in obstructed kidney of TEC-specific RCAN1-deficient mice. Furthermore, TEC-specific deletion of RCAN1 attenuated the dysfunctional tubular autophagy by regulating PINK1/Parkin-induced mitophagy in CKD. RCAN1 knockdown and knockout similarly improved the mitochondrial quality control in HK-2 cells and primary cultured mouse tubular cells stimulated by TGF-β1. Put together, our data indicated that RCAN1 plays an important role in the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis through regulating the mitochondrial quality. Therefore, targeting RCAN1 may provide a potential therapeutic approach in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yu Sang
- Department of Biochemistry, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jie Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Jia Dai
- Department of Biochemistry, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Si-Jun Yang
- ABSL-3 Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Bai-Fang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
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117
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Aparicio-Trejo OE, Rojas-Morales P, Avila-Rojas SH, León-Contreras JC, Hernández-Pando R, Jiménez-Uribe AP, Prieto-Carrasco R, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Tapia E. Temporal Alterations in Mitochondrial β-Oxidation and Oxidative Stress Aggravate Chronic Kidney Disease Development in 5/6 Nephrectomy Induced Renal Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186512. [PMID: 32899919 PMCID: PMC7555424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Five-sixths nephrectomy (5/6Nx) model is widely used for studying the mechanisms involved in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, a kidney pathology that has increased dramatically in recent years. Mitochondrial impairment is a key mechanism that aggravates CKD progression; however, the information on mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox alterations along a time course in a 5/6Nx model is still limited and in some cases contradictory. Therefore, we performed for the first time a time-course study of mitochondrial alterations by high-resolution respirometry in the 5/6Nx model. Our results show a decrease in mitochondrial β-oxidation at early times, as well as a permanent impairment in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in CI-linked respiration, a permanent oxidative state in mitochondria and decoupling of these organelles. These pathological alterations are linked to the early decrease in complex I and ATP synthase activities and to the further decrease in complex III activity. Therefore, our results may suggest that mitochondrial bioenergetics impairment is an early event in renal damage, whose persistence in time aggravates CKD development in the 5/6Nx model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (P.R.-M.); (L.G.S.-L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.H.A.-R.); (A.P.J.-U.); (R.P.-C.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Pedro Rojas-Morales
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (P.R.-M.); (L.G.S.-L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.H.A.-R.); (A.P.J.-U.); (R.P.-C.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Sabino Hazael Avila-Rojas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.H.A.-R.); (A.P.J.-U.); (R.P.-C.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Juan Carlos León-Contreras
- Experimental Pathology Section, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City 14000, Mexico; (J.C.L.-C.); (R.H.-P.)
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Experimental Pathology Section, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City 14000, Mexico; (J.C.L.-C.); (R.H.-P.)
| | - Alexis Paulina Jiménez-Uribe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.H.A.-R.); (A.P.J.-U.); (R.P.-C.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Rodrigo Prieto-Carrasco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.H.A.-R.); (A.P.J.-U.); (R.P.-C.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (P.R.-M.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.H.A.-R.); (A.P.J.-U.); (R.P.-C.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (P.R.-M.); (L.G.S.-L.)
- Correspondence:
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118
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Pokkunuri ID, Lokhandwala MF, Banday AA. Protein disulfide isomerase inhibition impairs Keap1/Nrf2 signaling and mitochondrial function and induces apoptosis in renal proximal tubular cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F686-F696. [PMID: 32830535 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00049.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal proximal tubular apoptosis plays a critical role in kidney health and disease. However, cellular molecules that trigger renal apoptosis remain elusive. Here, we evaluated the effect of inhibiting protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a critical thioredoxin chaperone protein, on apoptosis as well as the underlying mechanisms in human renal proximal tubular (HK2) cells. HK2 cells were transfected with PDI-specific siRNA in the absence and presence of an antioxidant, tempol. PDI siRNA transfection resulted in a decrease of ~70% in PDI protein expression and enzyme activity. PDI inhibition increased caspase-3 activity and induced profound cell apoptosis. Mitochondrial function, as assessed by mitochondrial cytochrome c levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, oxygen consumption, and ATP levels, was significantly reduced in PDI-inhibited cells. Also, PDI inhibition caused nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2; a redox-sensitive transcription factor) cytoplasmic sequestration, decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase activities, and increased oxidative stress. In PDI-inhibited cells, tempol reduced apoptosis, caspase-3 activity, and oxidative stress and also restored Nrf2 nuclear translocation and mitochondrial function. Silencing Nrf2 in the cells abrogated the beneficial effect of tempol, whereas Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (an Nrf2 regulatory protein) silencing protected cells from PDI inhibitory effects. Collectively, our data indicate that PDI inhibition diminishes Nrf2 nuclear translocation, causing oxidative stress that further triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and renal cell apoptosis. This study suggests an important role for PDI in renal cell apoptosis involving Nrf2 and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira D Pokkunuri
- Heart and Kidney Institute, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Mustafa F Lokhandwala
- Heart and Kidney Institute, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Anees Ahmad Banday
- Heart and Kidney Institute, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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119
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Yoon YM, Go G, Yun CW, Lim JH, Lee JH, Lee SH. Melatonin Suppresses Renal Cortical Fibrosis by Inhibiting Cytoskeleton Reorganization and Mitochondrial Dysfunction through Regulation of miR-4516. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155323. [PMID: 32727098 PMCID: PMC7432329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis, a major risk factor for kidney failure, can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is caused by cytoskeleton reorganization and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the potential of melatonin treatment to reduce renal fibrosis by recovering the cytoskeleton reorganization and mitochondrial dysfunction. We found that miR-4516 expression was downregulated in the renal cortex of CKD mice and P-cresol-treated TH1 cells. Decreased miR-4516 expression stimulated cytoskeleton reorganization and mitochondrial dysfunction, and induced renal fibrosis. Melatonin treatment suppressed fibrosis by inhibiting cytoskeleton reorganization and restoring mitochondrial function via increased miR-4516 expression. More specifically, melatonin treatment increased miR-4516 expression while decreasing ITGA9 expression, thereby inhibiting cytoskeleton reorganization. In addition, increased expression of miR-4516 by melatonin treatment reduced ROS formation and restored mitochondrial function. These findings suggest that melatonin may be a promising treatment for patients with CKD having renal fibrosis. Moreover, regulation of miR-4516 expression may be a novel strategy for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo Min Yoon
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea; (Y.M.Y.); (C.W.Y.); (J.H.L.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Gyeongyun Go
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Chul Won Yun
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea; (Y.M.Y.); (C.W.Y.); (J.H.L.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Ji Ho Lim
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea; (Y.M.Y.); (C.W.Y.); (J.H.L.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea; (Y.M.Y.); (C.W.Y.); (J.H.L.); (J.H.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea; (Y.M.Y.); (C.W.Y.); (J.H.L.); (J.H.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-709-9029
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120
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Kitada M, Xu J, Ogura Y, Monno I, Koya D. Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Dysfunction and the Pathogenesis of Kidney Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:755. [PMID: 32760286 PMCID: PMC7373076 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria are a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxide anion (O2•–) is produced by the process of oxidative phosphorylation associated with glucose, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism, resulting in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the mitochondria. Excess production of reactive oxidants in the mitochondria, including O2•–, and its by-product, peroxynitrite (ONOO–), which is generated by a reaction between O2•– with nitric oxide (NO•), alters cellular function via oxidative modification of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Mitochondria maintain an antioxidant enzyme system that eliminates excess ROS; manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) is one of the major components of this system, as it catalyzes the first step involved in scavenging ROS. Reduced expression and/or the activity of Mn-SOD results in diminished mitochondrial antioxidant capacity; this can impair the overall health of the cell by altering mitochondrial function and may lead to the development and progression of kidney disease. Targeted therapeutic agents may protect mitochondrial proteins, including Mn-SOD against oxidative stress-induced dysfunction, and this may consequently lead to the protection of renal function. Here, we describe the biological function and regulation of Mn-SOD and review the significance of mitochondrial oxidative stress concerning the pathogenesis of kidney diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI), with a focus on Mn-SOD dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Kitada
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.,Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ogura
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Itaru Monno
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.,Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
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121
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Ge M, Fontanesi F, Merscher S, Fornoni A. The Vicious Cycle of Renal Lipotoxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Front Physiol 2020; 11:732. [PMID: 32733268 PMCID: PMC7358947 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is one of the most energy-demanding organs that require abundant and healthy mitochondria to maintain proper function. Increasing evidence suggests a strong association between mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Lipids are not only important sources of energy but also essential components of mitochondrial membrane structures. Dysregulation of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production lead to compromised mitochondrial lipid utilization, resulting in lipid accumulation and renal lipotoxicity. However, lipotoxicity can be either the cause or the consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction. Imbalanced lipid metabolism, in turn, can hamper mitochondrial dynamics, contributing to the alteration of mitochondrial lipids and reduction in mitochondrial function. In this review, we summarize the interplay between renal lipotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction, with a focus on glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Ge
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Flavia Fontanesi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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122
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Saeki S, Ohba H, Ube Y, Tanaka K, Haruyama W, Uchii M, Kitayama T, Tsukada H, Shimada T. Positron emission tomography imaging of renal mitochondria is a powerful tool in the study of acute and progressive kidney disease models. Kidney Int 2020; 98:88-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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123
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Shi Y, Tao M, Ma X, Hu Y, Huang G, Qiu A, Zhuang S, Liu N. Delayed treatment with an autophagy inhibitor 3-MA alleviates the progression of hyperuricemic nephropathy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:467. [PMID: 32555189 PMCID: PMC7298642 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2673-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cell self-renewal process that relies on the degradation of the cytoplasmic proteins or organelles of lysosomes and is associated with development of numerous diseases. However, the therapeutic effect of autophagy inhibition on hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) and the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of delayed treatment with 3-methyladenine (3-MA), a specific autophagy inhibitor, on the development of HN in a rat model. Administration of 3-MA at 21 days following after uric acid injury protected kidney from hyperuricemic-related injuries, as demonstrated by improving renal dysfunction and architecture damage, blocking Beclin-1 and LC3II/I and decreasing the number of autophagic vacuoles. Late treatment with 3-MA was also effective in attenuating renal fibrosis as evidenced by reducing ECM protein deposition, blocking epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and decreasing the number of renal epithelial cells arrested at the G2/M phase of cell cycle. Injury to the kidney resulted in increased expression of TGFβ receptor I, and phosphorylation of Smad3, 3-MA significantly abrogated all these responses. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy suppressed mitochondrial fission, downregulated the expression of Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp-1), Cofilin and F-actin, and alleviated cell apoptosis. Finally, 3-MA effectively blocked STAT3 and NF-κB phosphorylation and suppressed infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes as well as release of multiple profibrogenic cytokines/chemokines in the injured kidney. Taken together, these findings indicate that hyperuricemia-induced autophagy is critically involved in the activation of renal fibroblasts, EMT, mitochondrial fission and apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells and development of renal fibrosis. Thus, this study provides evidence for autophagy inhibitors as the treatment of HN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guansen Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Andong Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Cardiovascular Protection of Nephropathic Male Patients by Oral Food Supplements. Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 2020:1807941. [PMID: 32670409 PMCID: PMC7334761 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1807941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephropathic patients show elevated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality compared to the general population. In order to delve deeper into the understanding of this phenomenon, it is necessary to recognize risk factors that are distinctive to the uremic state, such as oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation. Moreover, gender differences have been reported in nephrology, as it has been observed that chronic kidney disease has higher prevalence in males than in females. The use of an oral food supplement (OFS) containing natural active compounds from Capsicum annuum L., Garcinia cambogia, Centella asiatica L., artichoke, and Aesculus hippocastanum L. which are virtually devoid from side effects, but rich in antioxidant and antiradical properties, could represent a valid therapeutic adjunct in the clinical management of nephropathic patients. Moreover, quantitative analysis performed in vitro on such compounds showed that they expressed good total antioxidant (7.28 gallic acid equivalents) and antiradical activity (above 80%). In this study, 23 male nephropathic patients and 10 age and body composition parameter matched healthy males (control group) were enrolled and took 3 cps/day of OFS for 5 weeks. At the end of the study, the nephropathic patient group showed a statistically significant reduction in the following laboratory parameters: total cholesterol (TC) (p = 0.044), atherogenic index TC/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.010), inflammatory parameters (C-reactive protein, p = 0.048, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, p = 0.019), systolic (p = 0.044), and diastolic arterial blood pressure (p = 0.003). Regarding body composition, there was an increase in total body water % (p = 0.035) with redistribution of extracellular water % (p = 0.030) and intracellular water % (p = 0.049). In the control group, there was a reduction in fat mass % (p = 0.017) and extracellular water % (p = 0.047). Therefore, this OFS may represent a valid adjunct therapy to counteract comorbidities related to uremia.
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125
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Wang Z, He B, Liu Y, Huo M, Fu W, Yang C, Wei J, Abliz Z. In situ metabolomics in nephrotoxicity of aristolochic acids based on air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1083-1093. [PMID: 32642414 PMCID: PMC7332651 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of the nephrotoxicity induced by drug candidates is vital to drug discovery and development. Herein, an in situ metabolomics method based on air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI) was established for direct analysis of metabolites in renal tissue sections. This method was subsequently applied to investigate spatially resolved metabolic profile changes in rat kidney after the administration of aristolochic acid I, a known nephrotoxic drug, aimed to discover metabolites associated with nephrotoxicity. As a result, 38 metabolites related to the arginine–creatinine metabolic pathway, the urea cycle, the serine synthesis pathway, metabolism of lipids, choline, histamine, lysine, and adenosine triphosphate were significantly changed in the group treated with aristolochic acid I. These metabolites exhibited a unique distribution in rat kidney and a good spatial match with histopathological renal lesions. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying aristolochic acids nephrotoxicity and demonstrates that AFADESI-MSI-based in situ metabolomics is a promising technique for investigation of the molecular mechanism of drug toxicity.
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Key Words
- AA, aristolochic acids
- AAI, aristolochic acids I
- AAN, AA-induced nephrotoxicity
- AFADESI
- AFADESI, air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- Aristolochic acid
- CPT1, xarnitine palmitoyltransferase 1
- DESI, desorption electrospray ionization
- DG, diglyceride
- GC, gas chromatograph
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- In situ metabolomics
- LC, liquid chromatography
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- MALDI, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization
- MG, monoglyceride
- MS, mass spectrometry
- MSI, mass spectrometry imaging
- Mass spectrometry imaging
- Nephrotoxicity
- OPLS-DA, orthogonal projections to the latent structures' discriminant analysis
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PE, phosphatidylethanolamine
- PG, phosphatidylglycerol
- PS, phosphatidylserine
- ROI, region of interest
- RSD, relative standard deviation
- TG, triglyceride
- TIC, total ion current
- Ucr, urine creatinine
- Upr, urine protein
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Briones-Herrera A, Ramírez-Camacho I, Zazueta C, Tapia E, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Altered proximal tubule fatty acid utilization, mitophagy, fission and supercomplexes arrangement in experimental Fanconi syndrome are ameliorated by sulforaphane-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 153:54-70. [PMID: 32315768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The kidney proximal tubule function relies on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), thus mitochondrial dysfunction is characteristic of acute kidney injury (AKI). Maleic acid (MA) can induce an experimental model of Fanconi syndrome that is associated to oxidative stress and decreased oxygen consumption. Sulforaphane (SF) is an antioxidant known to protect against MA-induced AKI. The molecular basis by which SF maintains the bioenergetics in MA-induced AKI is not fully understood. To achieve it, rats were submitted to a protective scheme: SF (1 mg/kg/day i.p.) for four days and, at the fourth day, they received a single dose of MA (400 mg/kg i.p.), getting four main experimental groups: (1) control (CT), (2) MA-nephropathy (MA), (3) SF-protected and (4) SF-control (SF). Additionally, a similar protective schema was tested in cultured NRK-52E cells with different concentrations of SF and MA. In the animal model, SF prevented the MA-induced alterations: decrease in fatty acid-related oxygen consumption rate, OXPHOS capacity, mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψmt), and the activity of complex I (CI) as its monomeric and supercomplexes forms; the antioxidant also increased the activity of cytochrome c oxidase as well as mitochondrial biogenesis markers. Thus, SF prevented the MA-induced increase in fission, mitophagy and autophagy markers. In NRK-52E cells, we found that SF prevented the MA-induced cell death, increased mitochondrial mass and ameliorated the loss of Ψmt. We concluded that SF-induced biogenesis protects against mitochondrial dysfunction maintaining Ψmt, activities of mitochondrial complexes and supercomplexes, and prevents the extensive fission and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Briones-Herrera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Ixchel Ramírez-Camacho
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
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127
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Bicalutamide Elicits Renal Damage by Causing Mitochondrial Dysfunction via ROS Damage and Upregulation of HIF-1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093400. [PMID: 32403414 PMCID: PMC7247665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined androgen blockade using bicalutamide (Bic) is a therapeutic choice for treating prostate cancer (PCa). However, even at regular clinical dosages, Bic frequently shows adverse effects associated with cardiovascular and renal damage. Previously, we found that Bic selectively damaged mesangial cells compared to tubular cells and in an in vivo rat model, we also found renal damage caused by Bic. In the present study, a rat mesangial cell model was used to further the investigation. Results indicated that Bic enhanced lactate dehydrogenase release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lysosome population and kidney injury molecule-1 and decreased N-cadherin. Bic elicited mitochondrial swelling and reduced the mitochondrial potential, resulting in severe suppression of the oxygen consumption rate (OCR), maximum respiration and ATP production. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α transcriptional activity and messenger RNA were significantly upregulated in dose-dependent manners. The HIF-1α protein reached a peak value at 24 h then rapidly decayed. BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa protein-interacting protein 3 and cleaved caspase-3 were dose-dependently upregulated by Bic (60 μM) and that eventually led to cell apoptosis. It is suggested that Bic induces renal damage via ROS and modulates HIF-1α pathway and clinically, some protective agents like antioxidants are recommended for co-treatment.
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128
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Hartmann C, Schwietzer YA, Kummer D, Kirschnick N, Hoppe E, Thüring EM, Glaesner-Ebnet M, Brinkmann F, Gerke V, Reuter S, Nakayama M, Ebnet K. The mitochondrial outer membrane protein SYNJ2BP interacts with the cell adhesion molecule TMIGD1 and can recruit it to mitochondria. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:30. [PMID: 32303178 PMCID: PMC7164261 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 1 (TMIGD1) is a recently identified cell adhesion molecule which is predominantly expressed by epithelial cells of the intestine and the kidney. Its expression is downregulated in both colon and renal cancer suggesting a tumor suppressive activity. The function of TMIGD1 at the cellular level is largely unclear. Published work suggests a protective role of TMIGD1 during oxidative stress in kidney epithelial cells, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. RESULTS In this study, we address the subcellular localization of TMIGD1 in renal epithelial cells and identify a cytoplasmic scaffold protein as interaction partner of TMIGD1. We find that TMIGD1 localizes to different compartments in renal epithelial cells and that this localization is regulated by cell confluency. Whereas it localizes to mitochondria in subconfluent cells it is localized at cell-cell contacts in confluent cells. We find that cell-cell contact localization is regulated by N-glycosylation and that both the extracellular and the cytoplasmic domain contribute to this localization. We identify Synaptojanin 2-binding protein (SYNJ2BP), a PDZ domain-containing cytoplasmic protein, which localizes to both mitochondria and the plasma membrane, as interaction partner of TMIGD1. The interaction of TMIGD1 and SYNJ2BP is mediated by the PDZ domain of SYNJ2BP and the C-terminal PDZ domain-binding motif of TMIGD1. We also find that SYNJ2BP can actively recruit TMIGD1 to mitochondria providing a potential mechanism for the localization of TMIGD1 at mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS This study describes TMIGD1 as an adhesion receptor that can localize to both mitochondria and cell-cell junctions in renal epithelial cells. It identifies SYNJ2BP as an interaction partner of TMIGD1 providing a potential mechanism underlying the localization of TMIGD1 at mitochondria. The study thus lays the basis for a better understanding of the molecular function of TMIGD1 during oxidative stress regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hartmann
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ysabel Alessa Schwietzer
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Kummer
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Kirschnick
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Esther Hoppe
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Thüring
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Mark Glaesner-Ebnet
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Frauke Brinkmann
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Reuter
- Department of Medicine D, Division of General Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Masanori Nakayama
- Laboratory for Cell Polarity and Organogenesis, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany. .,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany. .,Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany. .,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, 48419, Münster, Germany.
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129
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Zhang Q, He L, Dong Y, Fei Y, Wen J, Li X, Guan J, Liu F, Zhou T, Li Z, Fan Y, Wang N. Sitagliptin ameliorates renal tubular injury in diabetic kidney disease via STAT3-dependent mitochondrial homeostasis through SDF-1α/CXCR4 pathway. FASEB J 2020; 34:7500-7519. [PMID: 32281218 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903038r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial abnormalities play critical roles in diabetic tubular injury progression. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors are widely used antihyperglycemic agents that exert renal protective and positive effects against mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, their underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, DPP4 upregulation, mitochondrial fragmentation, and altered mitochondrial dynamics-associated protein expression were observed in the tubules of DBA2/J (D2) diabetic mice with unilateral nephrectomy and in albumin-stimulated tubular cells. The inhibition of DPP4 by sitagliptin (Sita) ameliorated these mitochondrial perturbations both in vivo and in vitro, whereas DPP4 overexpression aggravated mitochondrial fusion-fission disorder and tubular cell injury in albumin-treated HK-2 cells. Downstream of DPP4, the SDF-1α/CXCR4 pathway was significantly suppressed in diabetic tubules. After Sita treatment, this signaling pathway was restored, and the mitochondrial dynamics was improved. Furthermore, a direct interaction between STAT3 and OPA1 was found in the mitochondria of tubular cells, and this effect was weakened by overloading albumin and by CXCR4 siRNA treatment, suggesting a possible link between DPP4-mediated SDF-1α/CXCR4/STAT3 signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic tubular cells. The results suggest that a novel mechanism links the DPP4 enzyme to impaired mitochondrial dynamics homeostasis during tubular injury in DKD and highlight that the SDF-1α/CXCR4/STAT3 signaling pathway could become a potential target for managing DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunzi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Fei
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiejun Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Therapy Center for Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Therapy Center for Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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130
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Deletion of VDAC1 Hinders Recovery of Mitochondrial and Renal Functions After Acute Kidney Injury. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040585. [PMID: 32290153 PMCID: PMC7226369 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) constitute major transporters mediating bidirectional movement of solutes between cytoplasm and mitochondria. We aimed to determine if VDAC1 plays a role in recovery of mitochondrial and kidney functions after ischemia-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Kidney function decreased after ischemia and recovered in wild-type (WT), but not in VDAC1-deficient mice. Mitochondrial maximum respiration, activities of respiratory complexes and FoF1-ATPase, and ATP content in renal cortex decreased after ischemia and recovered in WT mice. VDAC1 deletion reduced respiration and ATP content in non-injured kidneys. Further, VDAC1 deletion blocked return of activities of respiratory complexes and FoF1-ATPase, and recovery of respiration and ATP content after ischemia. Deletion of VDAC1 exacerbated ischemia-induced mitochondrial fission, but did not aggravate morphological damage to proximal tubules after ischemia. However, VDAC1 deficiency impaired recovery of kidney morphology and increased renal interstitial collagen accumulation. Thus, our data show a novel role for VDAC1 in regulating renal mitochondrial dynamics and recovery of mitochondrial function and ATP levels after AKI. We conclude that the presence of VDAC1 (1) stimulates capacity of renal mitochondria for respiration and ATP production, (2) reduces mitochondrial fission, (3) promotes recovery of mitochondrial function and dynamics, renal morphology, and kidney functions, and (4) increases survival after AKI.
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Aluksanasuwan S, Plumworasawat S, Malaitad T, Chaiyarit S, Thongboonkerd V. High glucose induces phosphorylation and oxidation of mitochondrial proteins in renal tubular cells: A proteomics approach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5843. [PMID: 32246012 PMCID: PMC7125224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62665-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been thought to play roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, precise mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in DN remained unclear. Herein, mitochondria were isolated from renal tubular cells after exposure to normal glucose (5.5 mM glucose), high glucose (25 mM glucose), or osmotic control (5.5 mM glucose + 19.5 mM mannitol) for 96 h. Comparative proteomic analysis revealed six differentially expressed proteins among groups that were subsequently identified by tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-ESI-ETD MS/MS) and confirmed by Western blotting. Several various types of post-translational modifications (PTMs) were identified in all of these identified proteins. Interestingly, phosphorylation and oxidation were most abundant in mitochondrial proteins whose levels were exclusively increased in high glucose condition. The high glucose-induced increases in phosphorylation and oxidation of mitochondrial proteins were successfully confirmed by various assays including MS/MS analyses. Moreover, high glucose also increased levels of phosphorylated ezrin, intracellular ATP and ROS, all of which could be abolished by a p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB239063), implicating a role of p38 MAPK-mediated phosphorylation in high glucose-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. These data indicate that phosphorylation and oxidation of mitochondrial proteins are, at least in part, involved in mitochondrial dysfunction in renal tubular cells during DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siripat Aluksanasuwan
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Sirikanya Plumworasawat
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Thanyalak Malaitad
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Sakdithep Chaiyarit
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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Yan Y, Ma Z, Zhu J, Zeng M, Liu H, Dong Z. miR-214 represses mitofusin-2 to promote renal tubular apoptosis in ischemic acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F878-F887. [PMID: 32003595 PMCID: PMC7191449 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00567.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of mitochondrial dynamics is an important pathogenic event in both acute and chronic kidney diseases, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we report the regulation of mitofusin-2 (Mfn2; a key mitochondrial fusion protein) by microRNA-214 (miR-214) in renal ischemia-reperfusion that contributes to mitochondrial fragmentation, renal tubular cell death, and ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI). miR-214 was induced, whereas Mfn2 expression was decreased, in mouse ischemic AKI and cultured rat kidney proximal tubular cells (RPTCs) following ATP depletion treatment. Overexpression of miR-214 decreased Mfn2. Conversely, inhibition of miR-214 with anti-miR-214 prevented Mfn2 downregulation in RPTCs following ATP depletion. Anti-miR-214 further ameliorated mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis, whereas overexpression of miR-214 increased apoptosis, in ATP-depleted RPTCs. To test regulation in vivo, we established a mouse model with miR-214 specifically deleted from kidney proximal tubular cells (PT-miR-214-/-). Compared with wild-type mice, PT-miR-214-/- mice had less severe tissue damage, fewer apoptotic cells, and better renal function after ischemic AKI. miR-214 induction in ischemic AKI was suppressed in PT-miR-214-/- mice, accompanied by partial preservation of Mfn2 in kidneys. These results unveil the miR-214/Mfn2 axis that contributes to the disruption of mitochondrial dynamics and tubular cell death in ischemic AKI, offering new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Zhengwei Ma
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jiefu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mengru Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
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Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Mediate the Therapeutic Effect of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Acute Kidney Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1609638. [PMID: 32308798 PMCID: PMC7136790 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1609638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims Treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI) is challenging. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have great therapeutic potential. This study sought to determine whether iPSCs attenuate AKI and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results We intravenously injected isogenic iPSCs into mice 2 h after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). The cells were selectively trafficked to ischemia/reperfusion-injured kidney where they decreased kidney ROS and inflammatory cytokines and improved kidney function and morphology. Pretreating the cells with ROS inhibitors before administration decreased iPSC engraftment and abolished the protective effect of iPSCs. In contrast, pretreating iPSCs with hydrogen peroxide increased iPSC engraftment and therapeutic effect. Although the intravenously administered iPSCs trafficked to the IRI kidney, the cells did not differentiate into proximal or distal tubular epithelial cells. In vitro, the capabilities of the iPSC-released substances to promote proliferation and decrease apoptosis of renal epithelial cells were increased by ROS pretreatment of iPSCs. Moreover, pretreatment of the iPSCs with ROS inhibitor had the opposite effect. Similarly, moderate concentrations of ROS increased while ROS inhibitors decreased iPSC mobility, adhesion to the extracellular matrix, and mitochondrial metabolism. Innovation and Conclusion. iPSCs decreased renal ischemia/reperfusion injury mainly through iPSC-released substances. The therapeutic effect, mitochondrial metabolism, mobility, and kidney trafficking of iPSCs were ROS dependent.
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Gvozdjáková A, Sumbalová Z, Kucharská J, Komlósi M, Rausová Z, Vančová O, Számošová M, Mojto V. Platelet Mitochondrial Respiration, Endogenous Coenzyme Q 10 and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10030176. [PMID: 32210203 PMCID: PMC7151406 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10030176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by a progressive loss of renal function and a decrease of glomerular filtration rate. Reduced mitochondrial function, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and increased oxidative stress in patients with CKD contribute to the disease progression. We tested whether CoQ10 levels, oxidative stress and platelet mitochondrial bioenergetic function differ between groups of CKD patients. METHODS Twenty-seven CKD patients were enrolled in this trial, 17 patients had arterial hypertension (AH) and 10 patients had arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus (AH and DM). The control group consisted of 12 volunteers. A high-resolution respirometry (HRR) method was used for the analysis of mitochondrial bioenergetics in platelets, and an HPLC method with UV detection was used for CoQ10 determination in platelets, blood, and plasma. Oxidative stress was determined as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). RESULTS Platelets mitochondrial respiration showed slight, not significant differences between the groups of CKD patients and control subjects. The oxygen consumption by intact platelets positively correlated with the concentration of CoQ10 in the platelets of CKD patients. CONCLUSION A decreased concentration of CoQ10 and oxidative stress could contribute to the progression of renal dysfunction in CKD patients. The parameters of platelet respiration assessed by high-resolution respirometry can be used only as a weak biological marker for mitochondrial diagnosis and therapy monitoring in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gvozdjáková
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.S.); (J.K.); (Z.R.); (O.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-9011-9242
| | - Zuzana Sumbalová
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.S.); (J.K.); (Z.R.); (O.V.)
| | - Jarmila Kucharská
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.S.); (J.K.); (Z.R.); (O.V.)
| | - Mária Komlósi
- Faculty of Medicine, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.K.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Zuzana Rausová
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.S.); (J.K.); (Z.R.); (O.V.)
| | - Oľga Vančová
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.S.); (J.K.); (Z.R.); (O.V.)
| | - Monika Számošová
- Faculty of Medicine, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.K.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Viliam Mojto
- Faculty of Medicine, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.K.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
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Jiang XS, Chen XM, Hua W, He JL, Liu T, Li XJ, Wan JM, Gan H, Du XG. PINK1/Parkin mediated mitophagy ameliorates palmitic acid-induced apoptosis through reducing mitochondrial ROS production in podocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:954-961. [PMID: 32173525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the primary cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is often accompanied by dyslipidemia, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of DN and even the progression to ESRD. Mitophagy, the selective degradation of damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria by autophagy, is a crucial mitochondrial quality control mechanism, and largely regulated by PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1)/Parkin signaling pathway. In the present study, we demonstrated that PA induced mitochondrial damage and excessive mitoROS generation in podocytes. We also found PA treatment resulted in the activation of mitophagy by increasing co-localization of GFP-LC3 with mitochondria and enhancing the formation of mitophagosome, stabilization of PINK1 and mitochondrial translocation of Parkin, which indicated that PINK1/Parkin pathway was involved in PA-induced mitophagy in podocytes. Furthermore, inhibition of mitophagy by silencing Parkin dramatically aggravated PA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, mitoROS production, and further enhanced PA-induced apoptosis of podocytes. Finally, we showed that PINK1/Parkin pathway were up-regulated in kidney of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. Taken together, our results suggest that PINK1/Parkin mediated mitophagy plays a protective role in PA-induced podocytes apoptosis through reducing mitochondrial ROS production and that enhancing mitophagy provides a potential therapeutic strategy for kidney diseases with hyperlipidemia, such as DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Shun Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Youyi Road 1, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xue-Mei Chen
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Youyi Road 1, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Nephrology, Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-Ling He
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xun-Jia Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Youyi Road 1, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jiang-Min Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Qijiang People's Hospital, Tuowai, Chongqing, 401420, China
| | - Hua Gan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Youyi Road 1, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Du
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Youyi Road 1, Chongqing, 400042, China; The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Youyi Road 1, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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Cisplatin-Induced Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction: Mechanisms and Counteracting Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041242. [PMID: 32069876 PMCID: PMC7072891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the severe side effects induced by cisplatin chemotherapy, muscle wasting is the most relevant one. This effect is a major cause for a clinical decline of cancer patients, since it is a negative predictor of treatment outcome and associated to increased mortality. However, despite its toxicity even at low doses, cisplatin remains the first-line therapy for several types of solid tumors. Thus, effective pharmacological treatments counteracting or minimizing cisplatin-induced muscle wasting are urgently needed. The dissection of the molecular pathways responsible for cisplatin-induced muscle dysfunction gives the possibility to identify novel promising therapeutic targets. In this context, the use of animal model of cisplatin-induced cachexia is very useful. Here, we report an update of the most relevant researches on the mechanisms underlying cisplatin-induced muscle wasting and on the most promising potential therapeutic options to preserve muscle mass and function.
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Successful energy shift from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in freshly isolated hepatocytes from humanized mice liver. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104785. [PMID: 31991145 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial toxicity is a factor of drug-induced liver injury. Previously, we reported an in vitro rat hepatocyte assay where mitochondrial toxicity was more sensitively evaluated, using sugar resource substitution and increased oxygen supply. Although this method could be applicable to human cell-based assay, cryopreserved human hepatocyte (CHH) has some disadvantages/uncertainty, including unstable same donor supply and potential organelle damage due to cryopreservation. Herein, we compared the mitochondrial functions of freshly-isolated hepatocytes from humanized chimeric mice liver (PXB-cells) and three CHH lots to determine the better cell source for mitochondrial toxicity assay. Two CHH lots declined after replacing glucose with galactose. To confirm the shift in energy production from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, lactate and oxygen consumption rate (indicators of glycolytic activity and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, respectively) were measured. In PXB-cells, lactate amount decreased, while oxygen consumption in 100 min increased. These effects were less evident in CHH. The cytotoxicity of the select respiratory chain inhibitors was enhanced in PXB-cells upon sugar replacement, but no change occurred with negative control drugs (bicalutamide and metformin). Altogether, PXB-cells was less vulnerable to sugar resource substitution than CHH. The substitution activated mitochondrial function and enhanced cytotoxicity of respiratory chain inhibitors in PXB-cells.
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Khan MA, Wang X, Giuliani KT, Nag P, Grivei A, Ungerer J, Hoy W, Healy H, Gobe G, Kassianos AJ. Underlying Histopathology Determines Response to Oxidative Stress in Cultured Human Primary Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020560. [PMID: 31952318 PMCID: PMC7014216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) are key players in the progression of kidney diseases. PTEC studies to date have primarily used mouse models and transformed human PTEC lines. However, the translatability of these models to human kidney disease has been questioned. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic and functional response of human primary PTEC to oxidative stress, an established driver of kidney disease. Furthermore, we examined the functional contribution of the underlying histopathology of the cortical tissue used to generate our PTEC. We demonstrated that human primary PTEC from both histologically ‘normal’ and ‘diseased’ cortical tissue responded to H2O2-induced oxidative stress with significantly elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels, DNA damage, and significantly decreased proliferation. The functional response of ‘normal’ PTEC to oxidative stress mirrored the reported pathogenesis of human kidney disease, with significantly attenuated mitochondrial function and increased cell death. In contrast, ‘diseased’ PTEC were functionally resistant to oxidative stress, with maintenance of mitochondrial function and cell viability. This selective survival of ‘diseased’ PTEC under oxidizing conditions is reminiscent of the in vivo persistence of maladaptive PTEC following kidney injury. We are now exploring the impact that these differential PTEC responses have in the therapeutic targeting of oxidative stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Khan
- NHMRC CKD CRE (CKD.QLD), University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia; (M.A.K.); (W.H.); (H.H.); (G.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4006, Queensland, Australia (J.U.)
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia; (X.W.); (P.N.); (A.G.)
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
- Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Princess Alexandra Hospital and University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4102, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Xiangju Wang
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia; (X.W.); (P.N.); (A.G.)
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kurt T.K. Giuliani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4006, Queensland, Australia (J.U.)
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia; (X.W.); (P.N.); (A.G.)
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Purba Nag
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia; (X.W.); (P.N.); (A.G.)
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anca Grivei
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia; (X.W.); (P.N.); (A.G.)
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jacobus Ungerer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4006, Queensland, Australia (J.U.)
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia; (X.W.); (P.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Wendy Hoy
- NHMRC CKD CRE (CKD.QLD), University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia; (M.A.K.); (W.H.); (H.H.); (G.G.)
- Centre for Chronic Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen Healy
- NHMRC CKD CRE (CKD.QLD), University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia; (M.A.K.); (W.H.); (H.H.); (G.G.)
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia; (X.W.); (P.N.); (A.G.)
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Chronic Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Glenda Gobe
- NHMRC CKD CRE (CKD.QLD), University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia; (M.A.K.); (W.H.); (H.H.); (G.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4006, Queensland, Australia (J.U.)
- Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Princess Alexandra Hospital and University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4102, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Chronic Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Kassianos
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia; (X.W.); (P.N.); (A.G.)
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Chronic Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3362-0488
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Quan Y, Park W, Jin J, Kim W, Park SK, Kang KP. Sirtuin 3 Activation by Honokiol Decreases Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction-Induced Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis via Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics and the Renal NF-κBTGF-β1/Smad Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020402. [PMID: 31936371 PMCID: PMC7014106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common feature of all progressive chronic kidney diseases. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is one of the mitochondrial sirtuins, and plays a role in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative stress, fatty acid metabolism, and aging. Recently, honokiol (HKL), as a pharmaceutical SIRT3 activator, has been observed to have a protective effect against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by increasing SIRT3 activity. In this study, we investigated whether HKL, as a SIRT3 activator, also has protective effects against unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis through SIRT3-dependent regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad signaling pathway. We found that HKL decreased the UUO-induced increase in tubular injury and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in mice. HKL also decreased myofibroblast activation and proliferation in UUO kidneys and NRK-49F cells. Finally, we showed that HKL treatment decreased UUO-induced mitochondrial fission and promoted mitochondrial fusion through SIRT3-dependent effects. In conclusion, activation of SIRT3 via HKL treatment might have beneficial effects on UUO-induced renal fibrosis through SIRT3-dependent regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and the NF-κB/TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Quan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (Y.Q.); (W.P.); (J.J.); (W.K.)
| | - Woong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (Y.Q.); (W.P.); (J.J.); (W.K.)
| | - Jixiu Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (Y.Q.); (W.P.); (J.J.); (W.K.)
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (Y.Q.); (W.P.); (J.J.); (W.K.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Sung Kwang Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (Y.Q.); (W.P.); (J.J.); (W.K.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.K.P.); (K.P.K.); Tel.: +82-63-250-1683 (S.K.P.); +82-63-250-2361 (K.P.K.)
| | - Kyung Pyo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (Y.Q.); (W.P.); (J.J.); (W.K.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.K.P.); (K.P.K.); Tel.: +82-63-250-1683 (S.K.P.); +82-63-250-2361 (K.P.K.)
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Wang HW, Zhu SQ, Liu J, Miao CY, Zhang Y, Zhou BH. Fluoride-induced renal dysfunction via respiratory chain complex abnormal expression and fusion elevation in mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124607. [PMID: 31524603 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A fluoride exposure mouse model is established to evaluate the relationship between mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and renal dysfunction. Morphological changes in kidney tissues were observed. Renal function and cell proliferation in the kidneys were evaluated. The expression of mitochondrial fusion protein including mitofusin-1 (Mfn1) and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex subunits, including NDUFV2, SDHA, CYC1 and COX Ⅳ, were detected via real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot, respectively. Results showed that the structures of renal tubule, renal glomerulus and renal papilla were seriously damaged. Renal function was impaired, and cell proliferation was remarkably inhibited by excessive fluoride in kidney. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Mfn1, OPA1, NDUFV2, CYC1 and COX Ⅳ were significantly increased after excessive fluoride exposure. However, the mRNA and protein expression of SDHA significantly decreased. Overall, our findings revealed that excessive fluoride can damage kidney structure, inhibit renal cell proliferation, interfere with the expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and elevate mitochondrial fusion. Consequently, renal function disorder occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shi-Quan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng-Yi Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bian-Hua Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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141
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Ruiz-Ramírez A, Barrios-Maya M, Quezada-Pablo H, López-Acosta O, El-Hafidi M. Kidney dysfunction induced by a sucrose-rich diet in rat involves mitochondria ROS generation, cardiolipin changes, and the decline of autophagy protein markers. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F53-F66. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00208.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic link between obesity and renal failure has been proposed to involve mitochondria reactive oxygen species generation and lipotoxicity. These pathological conditions make mitochondria of particular interest in the regulation of cell function and death by both apoptosis and autophagy. Therefore, this work was undertaken to investigate mitochondria function, autophagy, and apoptosis protein markers in the kidney from a rat model of intra-abdominal obesity and renal damage induced by a high-sucrose diet. Mitochondria from sucrose-fed (SF) kidneys in the presence of pyruvate-malate generated H2O2at a higher rate than from control (79.81 ± 4.98 vs. 65.84 ± 1.95 pmol·min−1·mg protein−1). With succinate, the release of H2O2was significantly higher compared with pyruvate-malate, and it remained higher in SF than in control mitochondria (146.4 ± 8.8 vs. 106.1 ± 5.9 pmol·min−1·mg protein−1). However, cytochrome c release from SF kidney mitochondria was lower than from control. In addition, cardiolipin, a mitochondria-specific phospholipid, was found increased in SF mitochondria due to the enhanced amount of both cardiolipin synthase and tafazzin. Cardiolipin was also found enriched with saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, which are less susceptible to peroxidative stress involved in cytochrome c release. Furthermore, beclin-1 and light chain 3-B, as autophagy protein markers, and caspase-9, as apoptosis protein marker, were found decreased in SF kidneys. These results suggest that the decline of autophagy protein markers and the lack of apoptosis process could be a pathological mechanism of cell dysfunction leading to the progression of renal disease in SF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Ruiz-Ramírez
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Barrios-Maya
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hector Quezada-Pablo
- Immunology and Proteomics Laboratory, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ocarol López-Acosta
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mohammed El-Hafidi
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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142
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van Bommel EJM, Ruiter D, Muskiet MHA, van Baar MJB, Kramer MHH, Nieuwdorp M, Joles JA, Bjornstad P, van Raalte DH. Insulin Sensitivity and Renal Hemodynamic Function in Metformin-Treated Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Preserved Renal Function. Diabetes Care 2020; 43:228-234. [PMID: 31662305 PMCID: PMC7118247 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-1651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impaired insulin sensitivity is associated with hyperfiltration (i.e., elevated glomerular filtration rate [GFR]) in adolescents with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and adults with prediabetes. Yet, these relationships are based on studies that relied on estimated GFR (eGFR), estimates of insulin sensitivity, or both. We aimed to verify the relationship between insulin sensitivity and renal hemodynamic function by gold standard methods in adults with T2D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Insulin sensitivity was assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (M value) (glucose infusion rate in mg/kglean/min) and renal hemodynamic function by urinary inulin (GFR) and para-aminohippuric acid (effective renal plasma flow [ERPF]) clearances in participants with T2D without overt kidney disease. Filtration fraction (FF) (GFR/ERPF) was calculated. Relationships between insulin sensitivity and renal hemodynamic parameters were examined by multivariable linear regression. Renal hemodynamic parameters were examined across tertiles of M values. RESULTS We tested 44 adults with T2D, of whom 77% were male, with mean ± SD age 63 ± 7 years, BMI 31.2 ± 4.0 kg/m2, and HbA1c 7.4 ± 0.6%. Average GFR was 110 ± 26 mL/min, with an FF of 22.1 ± 2.8% and median 24-h urinary albumin excretion of 11.3 mg (interquartile range 5.8-17.0). Average M value was 5.6 ± 2.9 mg/kglean/min. Insulin sensitivity inversely correlated with GFR (r = -0.44, P < 0.01) and FF (r = -0.40, P < 0.01), and these associations remained significant after multivariable adjustments for age, sex, renin-angiotensin system inhibitor use, and HbA1c. In addition, GFR, FF, and urinary albumin excretion were highest in the participants in the lowest M value tertile. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we demonstrate that impaired insulin sensitivity is associated with intrarenal hemodynamic dysfunction by gold standard techniques in adults with T2D treated with metformin monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J M van Bommel
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Danique Ruiter
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel H A Muskiet
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michaël J B van Baar
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark H H Kramer
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Joles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Petter Bjornstad
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.,Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Daniël H van Raalte
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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143
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Novel dietary and pharmacologic approaches for acid–base modulation to preserve kidney function and manage uremia. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2020; 29:39-48. [DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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144
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Gaboon NE, Banaganapalli B, Nasser K, Razeeth M, Alsaedi MS, Rashidi OM, Abdelwehab LS, Alahmadi TS, Safdar OY, Shaik J, Choudhry HM, Al-numan HH, Khan MI, Al-Aama JY, Elango R, Shaik NA. Exome sequencing and metabolomic analysis of a chronic kidney disease and hearing loss patient family revealed RMND1 mutation induced sphingolipid metabolism defects. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:324-334. [PMID: 31889854 PMCID: PMC6933272 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders (MIDs) shows overlapping clinical presentations owing to the genetic and metabolic defects of mitochondria. However, specific relationship between inherited mutations in nuclear encoded mitochondrial proteins and their functional impacts in terms of metabolic defects in patients is not yet well explored. Therefore, using high throughput whole exome sequencing (WES), we screened a chronic kidney disease (CKD) and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) patient, and her family members to ascertain the mode of inheritance of the mutation, and healthy population controls to establish its rare frequency. The impact of mutation on biophysical characteristics of the protein was further studied by mapping it in 3D structure. Furthermore, LC-MS tandem mass spectrophotometry based untargeted metabolomic profiling was done to study the fluctuations in plasma metabolites relevant to disease causative mutations and kidney damage. We identified a very rare homozygous c.631G > A (p.Val211Met) pathogenic mutation in RMND1 gene in the proband, which is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. This gene is involved in the mitochondrial translational pathways and contribute in mitochondrial energy metabolism. The p.Val211Met mutation is found to disturb the structural orientation (RMSD is -2.95 Å) and stability (ΔΔG is -0.552 Kcal/mol) of the RMND1 protein. Plasma metabolomics analysis revealed the aberrant accumulation of metabolites connected to lipid and amino acid metabolism pathways. Of these metabolites, pathway networking has discovered ceramide, a metabolite of sphingolipids, which plays a role in different signaling cascades including mitochondrial membrane biosynthesis, is highly elevated in this patient. This study suggests that genetic defects in RMND1 gene alters the mitochondrial energy metabolism leading to the accumulation of ceramide, and subsequently promote dysregulated apoptosis and tissue necrosis in kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa E.A. Gaboon
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Genetics Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Babajan Banaganapalli
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalidah Nasser
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Razeeth
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mosab S. Alsaedi
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omran M. Rashidi
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Turki Saad Alahmadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Y. Safdar
- Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jilani Shaik
- Genome Research Chair, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani M.Z. Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Husain Al-numan
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jumana Y. Al-Aama
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramu Elango
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor A. Shaik
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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145
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Edwards A, Palm F, Layton AT. A model of mitochondrial O 2 consumption and ATP generation in rat proximal tubule cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F248-F259. [PMID: 31790302 PMCID: PMC6985826 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00330.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen tension in the kidney is mostly determined by O2 consumption (Qo2), which is, in turn, closely linked to tubular Na+ reabsorption. The objective of the present study was to develop a model of mitochondrial function in the proximal tubule (PT) cells of the rat renal cortex to gain more insight into the coupling between Qo2, ATP formation (GATP), ATP hydrolysis (QATP), and Na+ transport in the PT. The present model correctly predicts in vitro and in vivo measurements of Qo2, GATP, and ATP and Pi concentrations in PT cells. Our simulations suggest that O2 levels are not rate limiting in the proximal convoluted tubule, absent large metabolic perturbations. The model predicts that the rate of ATP hydrolysis and cytoplasmic pH each substantially regulate the GATP-to-Qo2 ratio, a key determinant of the number of Na+ moles actively reabsorbed per mole of O2 consumed. An isolated increase in QATP or in cytoplasmic pH raises the GATP-to-Qo2 ratio. Thus, variations in Na+ reabsorption and pH along the PT may, per se, generate axial heterogeneities in the efficiency of mitochondrial metabolism and Na+ transport. Our results also indicate that the GATP-to-Qo2 ratio is strongly impacted not only by H+ leak permeability, which reflects mitochondrial uncoupling, but also by K+ leak pathways. Simulations suggest that the negative impact of increased uncoupling in the diabetic kidney on mitochondrial metabolic efficiency is partly counterbalanced by increased rates of Na+ transport and ATP consumption. This model provides a framework to investigate the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in acute and chronic renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Edwards
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fredrik Palm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anita T Layton
- Departments of Mathematics, Biomedical Engineering, and Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Departments of Applied Mathematics and Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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146
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Cargill K, Sims-Lucas S. Metabolic requirements of the nephron. Pediatr Nephrol 2020; 35:1-8. [PMID: 30554363 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-4157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian kidney is a complex organ that has several metabolically active cell types to aid in waste filtration, salt-water balance, and electrolyte homeostasis in the body. These functions are done primarily through the nephron, which relies on strict regulation of various metabolic pathways. Any deviations in the metabolic profile of nephrons or their precursor cells called nephron progenitors can lead to renal pathologies and abnormal development. Metabolism encompasses the mechanisms by which cells generate intermediate molecules and energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is required by all cells and is mainly generated through glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation. During kidney development, self-renewing or proliferating cells rely on glycolysis to a greater extent than the other metabolic pathways to supply energy, replenish reducing equivalents, and generate nucleotides. However, terminally differentiated cell types rely more heavily on fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation performed in the mitochondria to fulfill energy requirements. Further, the mature nephron is comprised of distinct segments and each segment utilizes metabolic pathways to varying degrees depending on the specific function. This review will focus on major metabolic processes performed by the nephron during health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey Cargill
- Rangos Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sunder Sims-Lucas
- Rangos Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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147
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Liu X, Wu J, Wang J, Feng X, Wu H, Huang R, Fan J, Yu X, Yang X. Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in aristolochic acid I-induced apoptosis in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:673-682. [PMID: 31884831 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119897099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aristolochic acid (AA) is a compound extracted from the Aristolochia species of herbs. AA exposure is associated with kidney injury known as aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). Proximal tubular epithelial cell (PTEC) is the primary target of AA and rich in mitochondria. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of kidney disease. However, the status of mitochondrial function in PTEC after exposure to AA remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of aristolochic acid I (AAI) on cell apoptosis and mitochondrial function in PTEC. Normal rat kidney-52E (NRK-52E) cells were exposed to different concentrations of AAI for different time periods. Cell viability was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 by Western blotting. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It was found that AAI reduced cell viability and increased cell apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In parallel to increased apoptosis, NRK-52E cell manifested signs of mitochondrial dysfunction in response to AAI treatment. The data indicated that AAI could increase ROS level, lower MMP, decrease mtDNA copy number, and reduce ATP production. In addition, Szeto-Schiller 31, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide, attenuated AAI-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Our study depicted significant aberrant of mitochondrial function in AAI-treated NRK-52E cell, which suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction may be involved in AAI-induced apoptosis in PTEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - J Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X Feng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - H Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - R Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J Fan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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148
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Kim K, Moon H, Lee YH, Seo JW, Kim YG, Moon JY, Kim JS, Jeong KH, Lee TW, Ihm CG, Lee SH. Clinical relevance of cell-free mitochondrial DNA during the early postoperative period in kidney transplant recipients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18607. [PMID: 31819080 PMCID: PMC6901568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that urinary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is predictive of ischemic AKI and is related to delayed graft function (DGF) in renal transplantation. Nevertheless, the clinical implications and prognostic value of urinary mtDNA in kidney transplantation remain undetermined. Here, we aimed to evaluate the associations between cell-free mtDNA and clinical parameters, including pathological findings in allograft biopsy and post-transplant renal function. A total of 85 renal transplant recipients were enrolled, and blood and urine samples were collected at a median of 17 days after transplantation. Cell-free nuclear and mtDNA levels were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction for LPL and ND1 genes. Urinary cell-free mtDNA levels were significantly higher in patients with DGF (P < 0.001) and cases of deceased donor transplantation (P < 0.001). The subjects with acute rejection showed higher urinary mtDNA levels than those without abnormalities (P = 0.043). In addition, allograft functions at 9- and 12-month post-transplantation were significantly different between tertile groups of mtDNA independent of the presence of DGF or acute rejection, showing significantly better graft outcome in the lowest tertile group. Urinary cell-free mtDNA levels during the early post-transplant period are significantly associated with DGF, acute rejection in graft biopsy, and short-term post-transplant renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kipyo Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Haena Moon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Ho Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Seo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang Gyun Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Moon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Sug Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Jeong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Won Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun-Gyoo Ihm
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. .,Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
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149
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Wang Y, Xing QQ, Tu JK, Tang WB, Yuan XN, Xie YY, Wang W, Peng ZZ, Huang L, Xu H, Qin J, Xiao XC, Tao LJ, Yuan QJ. Involvement of hydrogen sulfide in the progression of renal fibrosis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 132:2872-2880. [PMID: 31856060 PMCID: PMC6940064 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Renal fibrosis is the most common manifestation of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Noting that existing treatments of renal fibrosis only slow disease progression but do not cure it, there is an urgent need to identify novel therapies. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a newly discovered endogenous small gas signaling molecule exerting a wide range of biologic actions in our body. This review illustrates recent experimental findings on the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of H2S against renal fibrosis and highlights its potential in future clinical application. DATA SOURCES Literature was collected from PubMed until February 2019, using the search terms including "Hydrogen sulfide," "Chronic kidney disease," "Renal interstitial fibrosis," "Kidney disease," "Inflammation factor," "Oxidative stress," "Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition," "H2S donor," "Hypertensive kidney dysfunction," "Myofibroblasts," "Vascular remodeling," "transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta/Smads signaling," and "Sulfate potassium channels." STUDY SELECTION Literature was mainly derived from English articles or articles that could be obtained with English abstracts. Article type was not limited. References were also identified from the bibliographies of identified articles and the authors' files. RESULTS The experimental data confirmed that H2S is widely involved in various renal pathologies by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress, inhibiting the activation of fibrosis-related cells and their cytokine expression, ameliorating vascular remodeling and high blood pressure, stimulating tubular cell regeneration, as well as reducing apoptosis, autophagy, and hypertrophy. Therefore, H2S represents an alternative or additional therapeutic approach for renal fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS We postulate that H2S may delay the occurrence and progress of renal fibrosis, thus protecting renal function. Further experiments are required to explore the precise role of H2S in renal fibrosis and its application in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qi-Qi Xing
- Division of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jing-Ke Tu
- Regenerative Medicine Clinic, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Wen-Bin Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xiang-Ning Yuan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan-Yun Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhang-Zhe Peng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jiao Qin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xiang-Cheng Xiao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Li-Jian Tao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qiong-Jing Yuan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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150
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Shayota BJ, Le NT, Bekheirnia N, Rosenfeld JA, Goldstein AC, Moritz M, Bartholomew DW, Pastore MT, Xia F, Eng C, Yang Y, Lamb DJ, Scaglia F, Braun MC, Bekheirnia MR. Characterization of the renal phenotype in RMND1-related mitochondrial disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e973. [PMID: 31568715 PMCID: PMC6900359 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear encoded gene RMND1 (Required for Meiotic Nuclear Division 1 homolog) has recently been linked to RMND1-related mitochondrial disease (RRMD). This autosomal recessive condition characteristically presents with an infantile-onset multisystem disease characterized by severe hypotonia, global developmental delay, failure to thrive, sensorineural hearing loss, and lactic acidosis. Renal disease, however, appears to be one of the more prominent features of RRMD, affecting patients at significantly higher numbers compared to other mitochondrial diseases. We report the clinical, histological, and molecular findings of four RRMD patients across three academic institutions with a focus on the renal manifestations. METHODS Four patients were identified for the purpose of this study, all of whom had molecular confirmation at the time of inclusion, which included the common pathogenic variant c.713A>G (p.N238S) as well as the three rare variants: c.485delC (p.P162fs), c.533C>T (p.T178M), and c.1317 + 1G>C splice donor variant. Medical history and laboratory findings were collected from the medical records and medical providers. RESULTS In this study, all four patients developed renal disease characterized as tubulopathy (3/4), renal tubular acidosis (2/4), interstitial nephritis (1/4), and/or end-stage renal disease (4/4) necessitating renal transplantation (2/4). Histological evaluation of renal biopsy specimens revealed generalized tubular atrophy and on electron microscopy, abundant mitochondria with pleomorphism and abnormal cristae. CONCLUSION Our experience with RRMD demonstrates a specific pattern of renal disease manifestations and clinical course. Patients are unlikely to respond to traditional chronic kidney disease (CKD) treatments, making early diagnosis and consideration of renal transplantation paramount to the management of RRMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Shayota
- Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTXUSA
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | | | - Nasim Bekheirnia
- Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTXUSA
- Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Renal SectionDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Amy C. Goldstein
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Child NeurologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Michael Moritz
- Department of PediatricsDivision of NephrologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | | | - Matthew T. Pastore
- Division of Molecular and Human GeneticsNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOHUSA
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Baylor GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Christine Eng
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Baylor GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Baylor GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Dolores J. Lamb
- Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Department of UrologyWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Fernando Scaglia
- Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTXUSA
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- BCM‐CUHK Center of Medical GeneticsPrince of Wales HospitalShaTinHong Kong SAR
| | - Michael C. Braun
- Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTXUSA
- Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Renal SectionDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Mir Reza Bekheirnia
- Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTXUSA
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Renal SectionDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
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