101
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Ulańczyk Z, Grabowicz A, Cecerska-Heryć E, Śleboda-Taront D, Krytkowska E, Mozolewska-Piotrowska K, Safranow K, Kawa MP, Dołęgowska B, Machalińska A. Dietary and Lifestyle Factors Modulate the Activity of the Endogenous Antioxidant System in Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Correlations with Disease Severity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E954. [PMID: 33027903 PMCID: PMC7600107 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of blindness in the elderly population, but the pathogenesis of this disease remains largely unknown. Since oxidative stress is suggested to play a major role in AMD, we aimed to assess the activity levels of components of the antioxidant system in patients with AMD. We also investigated whether lifestyle and dietary factors modulate the activity of these endogenous antioxidants and clinical parameters of disease severity. We recruited 330 patients with AMD (39 with early, 100 with intermediate and 191 with late form of AMD) and 121 controls in this study. At enrolment, patients' dietary habits and physical activity were assessed, and each study participant underwent a thorough ophthalmologic examination. The activity of several components of the antioxidant system were measured in red blood cells and platelets using both kinetic and spectrophotometric methods. Patients with AMD consumed much lower levels of fatty fish and eggs than the control group (p = 0.008 and p = 0.04, respectively). In the nAMD group, visual acuity (VA) correlated positively with green vegetable consumption (Rs = +0.24, p = 0.004) and omega-3-rich oil intake (Rs = +0.17, p = 0.03). In the AMD group, the total physical activity MET score correlated positively with VA (Rs = +0.17, p = 0.003) and correlated negatively with the severity of AMD (Rs = -0.14, p = 0.01). A multivariate analysis of patients and controls adjusted for age, sex, and smoking status (pack-years) revealed that AMD was an independent variable associated with a lower RBC catalase (β = -0.37, p < 0.001) and higher PLT catalase (β = +0.25, p < 0.001), RBC GPx (β = +0.26, p < 0.001), PLT GPx (β = +0.16, p = 0.001), RBC R-GSSG (β = +0.13, p = 0.009), PLT R-GSSG (β = +0.12, p = 0.02) and RBC GSH transferase (β = +0.23, p < 0.001) activity. The activities of components of the antioxidant system were associated with disease severity and depended on dietary habits. The observed substantial increase in the activity of many critical endogenous antioxidants in patients with AMD further indicates that the required equilibrium in the antioxidant system is disturbed throughout the course of the disease. Our findings explicitly show that a diet rich in green vegetables, fish and omega-3-rich oils, supplemented by physical exercise, is beneficial for patients with AMD, as it might delay disease progression and help retain better visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Ulańczyk
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Z.U.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Grabowicz
- First Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.G.); (E.K.); (K.M.-P.)
| | - Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.C.-H.); (D.Ś.-T.); (B.D.)
| | - Daria Śleboda-Taront
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.C.-H.); (D.Ś.-T.); (B.D.)
| | - Elżbieta Krytkowska
- First Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.G.); (E.K.); (K.M.-P.)
| | | | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Miłosz Piotr Kawa
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Z.U.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.C.-H.); (D.Ś.-T.); (B.D.)
| | - Anna Machalińska
- First Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.G.); (E.K.); (K.M.-P.)
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102
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Tan W, Zou J, Yoshida S, Jiang B, Zhou Y. The Role of Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2989-3001. [PMID: 33061811 PMCID: PMC7545698 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.49890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a blinding eye disease which incidence gradually increases with age. Inflammation participates in AMD pathogenesis, including choroidal neovascularization and geographic atrophy. It is also a kind of self-protective regulation from injury for the eyes. In this review, we described inflammation in AMD pathogenesis, summarized the roles played by inflammation-related cytokines, including pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as leukocytes (macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes) in the innate or adaptive immunity in AMD. Possible clinical applications such as potential diagnostic biomarkers and anti-inflammatory therapies were also discussed. This review overviews the inflammation as a target of novel effective therapies in treating AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jingling Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yedi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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103
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Cimaglia G, Votruba M, Morgan JE, André H, Williams PA. Potential Therapeutic Benefit of NAD + Supplementation for Glaucoma and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092871. [PMID: 32961812 PMCID: PMC7551676 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration are leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide with significant health and societal burdens. To date, no clinical cures are available and treatments target only the manageable symptoms and risk factors (but do not remediate the underlying pathology of the disease). Both diseases are neurodegenerative in their pathology of the retina and as such many of the events that trigger cell dysfunction, degeneration, and eventual loss are due to mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Here, we critically review how a decreased bioavailability of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD; a crucial metabolite in healthy and disease states) may underpin many of these aberrant mechanisms. We propose how exogenous sources of NAD may become a therapeutic standard for the treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Cimaglia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 112 82 Stockholm, Sweden;
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK; (M.V.); (J.E.M.)
| | - Marcela Votruba
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK; (M.V.); (J.E.M.)
- Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, Wales, UK
| | - James E. Morgan
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK; (M.V.); (J.E.M.)
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4YS, Wales, UK
| | - Helder André
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 112 82 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (H.A.); (P.A.W.)
| | - Pete A. Williams
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 112 82 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (H.A.); (P.A.W.)
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104
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Sundaramurthi H, Roche SL, Grice GL, Moran A, Dillion ET, Campiani G, Nathan JA, Kennedy BN. Selective Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibitors Restore Cone Photoreceptor Vision or Outer Segment Morphology in Zebrafish and Mouse Models of Retinal Blindness. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:689. [PMID: 32984302 PMCID: PMC7479070 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blindness arising from retinal or macular degeneration results in significant social, health and economic burden. While approved treatments exist for neovascular (‘wet’) age-related macular degeneration, new therapeutic targets/interventions are needed for the more prevalent atrophic (‘dry’) form of age-related macular degeneration. Similarly, in inherited retinal diseases, most patients have no access to an effective treatment. Although macular and retinal degenerations are genetically and clinically distinct, common pathological hallmarks can include photoreceptor degeneration, retinal pigment epithelium atrophy, oxidative stress, hypoxia and defective autophagy. Here, we evaluated the potential of selective histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors to preserve retinal morphology or restore vision in zebrafish atp6v0e1–/– and mouse rd10 models. Histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor, tubastatin A-treated atp6v0e1–/– zebrafish show marked improvement in photoreceptor outer segment area (44.7%, p = 0.027) and significant improvement in vision (8-fold, p ≤ 0.0001). Tubastatin A-treated rd10/rd10 retinal explants show a significantly (p = 0.016) increased number of outer-segment labeled cone photoreceptors. In vitro, ATP6V0E1 regulated HIF-1α activity, but significant regulation of HIF-1α by histone deacetylase 6 inhibition in the retina was not detected. Proteomic profiling identified ubiquitin-proteasome, phototransduction, metabolism and phagosome as pathways, whose altered expression correlated with histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor mediated restoration of vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husvinee Sundaramurthi
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah L Roche
- School of Biochemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Guinevere L Grice
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ailis Moran
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eugene T Dillion
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Mass Spectrometry Resource, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - James A Nathan
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Breandán N Kennedy
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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105
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Wu T, Dang KR, Wang YF, Lyu BZ, Xu WQ, Dou GR, Zhou J, Hui YN, Du HJ. A modified laser-induced choroidal neovascularization animal model with intravitreal oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:1187-1194. [PMID: 32821671 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.08.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether intravitreal injection of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) can promote laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) formation in mice and the mechanism involved, thereby to develop a better animal model. METHODS C57BL6/J mice were randomized into three groups. Immediately after CNV induction with 532 nm laser photocoagulation, 1.0 µL of OxLDL [100 µg/mL in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)] was intravitreally injected, whereas PBS and the same volume low-density lipoprotein (LDL; 100 µg/mL in PBS) were injected into the vitreous as controls. Angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting (WB) after 5d, and CNV severity was analyzed by choroid flat mount and immunofluorescence staining after 1wk. In vitro, retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell line (ARPE19) were treated with OxLDL (LDL as control) for 8h. Angiogenic and inflammatory cytokine levels were measured. A specific inhibitor of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX1) was used to evaluate the role of LOX1 in this process. RESULTS At 7d after intravitreal injection of 1 µL (100 µg/mL) OxLDL, T15-labeled OxLDL was mainly deposited around the CNV area, and the F4/80-labeled macrophages, the CD31-labeled vascular endothelial cells number and CNV area were increased. Meanwhile, WB and qRT-PCR results showed that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) expressions were increased, which was supported by in vitro experiments in RPE cells. LOX1 inhibitors significantly reduced expressions of inflammatory factors IL-1β and VEGF. CONCLUSION A modified laser-induced CNV animal model is established with intravitreal injection of 1 µL (100 µg/mL) of OxLDL at 7d, which at least partially through LOX1. This animal model can be used as a simple model for studying the role of OxLDL in age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kuan-Rong Dang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ya-Fen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bao-Zhen Lyu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Xi'an Health School, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wen-Qin Xu
- The Orbital Disease Institute of the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Guo-Rui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Nian Hui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hong-Jun Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
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106
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Ikelle L, Al-Ubaidi MR, Naash MI. Pluripotent Stem Cells for the Treatment of Retinal Degeneration: Current Strategies and Future Directions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:743. [PMID: 32923439 PMCID: PMC7457054 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have been part of the biomedical landscape since the early 1960s. However, the translation of stem cells to effective therapeutics have met significant challenges, especially for retinal diseases. The retina is a delicate and complex architecture of interconnected cells that are steadfastly interdependent. Degenerative mechanisms caused by acquired or inherited diseases disrupt this interconnectivity, devastating the retina and causing severe vision loss in many patients. Consequently, retinal differentiation of exogenous and endogenous stem cells is currently being explored as replacement therapies in the debilitating diseases. In this review, we will examine the mechanisms involved in exogenous stem cells differentiation and the challenges of effective integration to the host retina. Furthermore, we will explore the current advancements in trans-differentiation of endogenous stem cells, primarily Müller glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Ikelle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Muayyad R Al-Ubaidi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Muna I Naash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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107
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Chen Y, Yan Q, Xu Y, Ye F, Sun X, Zhu H, Wang H. BNIP3-mediated Autophagy Induced Inflammatory Response and Inhibited VEGF Expression in Cultured Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Under Hypoxia. Curr Mol Med 2020; 19:395-404. [PMID: 31072291 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190509105502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B-19kDa-interacting protein (BNIP3), an important target of hypoxia-inducible factors-1 alpha (HIF-1α), was reported to be overexpressed under hypoxic condition. Our previous study demonstrated the protective effect on detached retina by BNIP3-mediated autophagy. The study investigated the role of BNIP3-mediated autophagy in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells under hypoxia, and observed the relationship between BNIP3, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inflammatory response in hypoxic RPE cells. METHODS BNIP3 knock down in retinal pigment epithelial cells was performed by small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology in ARPE-19 cells, a human RPE cell line. Both control and BNIP3-knockdown ARPE-19 cells were then subjected to a hypoxic challenge using cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2). The expression of autophagy-related genes, VEGF and inflammatory factors (IL-18, IL-8, MMP-2, MMP-9, NLRP3, TNF-α) in RPE cells was examined using quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). The protein levels of HIF-1α, BNIP3, the maker proteins (ATG5, LC3,p62, Beclin-1) of autophagy and the component proteins (p-p70S6K, p70S6K, mTOR, p-mTOR) of the mTORC1 pathway were analyzed by Western blot. BNIP3 subcellualr localization was detected by immunofluorescence. Cell viability was measured with Cell Counting kit-8. Cell apoptosis was examined by TUNEL staining and caspase-3 activity assay. RESULTS The expression levels of BNIP3, HIF-1α and marker genes of autophagy were upregulated in ARPE-19 cells in response to hypoxia. Importantly, hypoxia-induced autophagy was mediated by the mTORC1 pathway, and was blocked upon BNIP3 knockdown. Additionally, hypoxia reduced cell viability, which was relieved by an mTORC1 inhibitor. Also, autophagy protected ARPE-19 cells from CoCl2-induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy upregulated the expression of VEGF and IL-18, and downregulated the expression of other inflammatory factors in the hypoxic ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSION BNIP3-mediated autophagy under hypoxia is involved in regulating inflammatory response and VEGF expression, which consequently affects the cell viability of RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihua Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuxiang Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
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108
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Autophagy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Regulatory Mechanism of Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2896036. [PMID: 32831993 PMCID: PMC7429811 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2896036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of severe visual loss and irreversible blindness in the elderly population worldwide. Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are the major site of pathological alterations in AMD. They are responsible for the phagocytosis of shed photoreceptor outer segments (POSs) and clearance of cellular waste under physiological conditions. Age-related, cumulative oxidative stimuli contribute to the pathogenesis of AMD. Excessive oxidative stress induces RPE cell degeneration and incomplete digestion of POSs, leading to the continuous accumulation of cellular waste (such as lipofuscin). Autophagy is a major system of degradation of damaged or unnecessary proteins. However, degenerative RPE cells in AMD patients cannot perform autophagy sufficiently to resist oxidative damage. Increasing evidence supports the idea that enhancing the autophagic process can properly alleviate oxidative injury in AMD and protect RPE and photoreceptor cells from degeneration and death, although overactivated autophagy may lead to cell death at early stages of retinal degenerative diseases. The crosstalk among the NFE2L2, PGC-1, p62, AMPK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways may play a crucial role in improving disturbed autophagy and mitigating the progression of AMD. In this review, we discuss how autophagy prevents oxidative damage in AMD, summarize potential neuroprotective strategies for therapeutic interventions, and provide an overview of these neuroprotective mechanisms.
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109
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Wang SV, Kulldorff M, Poor S, Rice DS, Banks A, Li N, Lii J, Gagne JJ. Screening Medications for Association with Progression to Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmology 2020; 128:248-255. [PMID: 32777229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is an urgent need for treatments that prevent or delay development to advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Drugs already on the market for other conditions could affect progression to neovascular AMD (nAMD). If identified, these drugs could provide insights for drug development targets. The objective of this study was to use a novel data mining method that can simultaneously evaluate thousands of correlated hypotheses, while adjusting for multiple testing, to screen for associations between drugs and delayed progression to nAMD. DESIGN We applied a nested case-control study to administrative insurance claims data to identify cases with nAMD and risk-set sampled controls that were 1:4 variable ratio matched on age, gender, and recent healthcare use. PARTICIPANTS The study population included cases with nAMD and risk set matched controls. METHODS We used a tree-based scanning method to evaluate associations between hierarchical classifications of drugs that patients were exposed to within 6 months, 7 to 24 months, or ever before their index date. The index date was the date of first nAMD diagnosis in cases. Risk-set sampled controls were assigned the same index date as the case to which they were matched. The study was implemented using Medicare data from New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and national data from IBM MarketScan Research Database. We set an a priori threshold for statistical alerting at P ≤ 0.01 and focused on associations with large magnitude (relative risks ≥ 2.0). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Progression to nAMD. RESULTS Of approximately 4000 generic drugs and drug classes evaluated, the method detected 19 distinct drug exposures with statistically significant, large relative risks indicating that cases were less frequently exposed than controls. These included (1) drugs with prior evidence for a causal relationship (e.g., megestrol); (2) drugs without prior evidence for a causal relationship, but potentially worth further exploration (e.g., donepezil, epoetin alfa); (3) drugs with alternative biologic explanations for the association (e.g., sevelamer); and (4) drugs that may have resulted in statistical alerts due to their correlation with drugs that alerted for other reasons. CONCLUSIONS This exploratory drug-screening study identified several potential targets for follow-up studies to further evaluate and determine if they may prevent or delay progression to advanced AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley V Wang
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Martin Kulldorff
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen Poor
- Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Dennis S Rice
- Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Angela Banks
- Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ning Li
- Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Joyce Lii
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joshua J Gagne
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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110
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Lashkari K, Teague GC, Beattie U, Betts J, Kumar S, McLaughlin MM, López FJ. Plasma biomarkers of the amyloid pathway are associated with geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236283. [PMID: 32764794 PMCID: PMC7413518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Geographic atrophy (GA) is an advanced form of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), in which local inflammation and hyperactivity of the complement pathway have been implicated in its pathophysiology. This study explores whether any surrogate biomarkers are specifically associated with GA. Plasma from subjects with GA, intermediate dry AMD and non-AMD control were evaluated in 2 cohorts. Cohort 1 was assayed in a 320-analyte Luminex library. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric and parametric methods (Kruskal-Wallis, principal component analysis, partial least squares and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and univariate ANCOVAs). Bioinformatic analysis was conducted and identified connections to the amyloid pathway. Statistically significant biomarkers identified in Cohort 1 were then re-evaluated in Cohort 2 using individual ELISA and multiplexing. Of 320 analytes in Cohort 1, 273 were rendered measurable, of which 56 were identified as changing. Among these markers, 40 were identified in univariate ANCOVAs. Serum amyloid precursor protein (sAPP) was analyzed by a separate ELISA and included in further analyses. The 40 biomarkers, sAPP and amyloid-β (Aβ) (1–42) (included for comparison) were evaluated in Cohort 2. This resulted in 11 statistically significant biomarkers, including sAPP and Aβ(1–40), but not Aβ(1–42). Other biomarkers identified included serum proteases- tissue plasminogen activator, tumor-associated trypsinogen inhibitor, matrix metalloproteinases 7 and 9, and non-proteases- insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6, AXL receptor tyrosine kinase, omentin, pentraxin-3 and osteopontin. Findings suggest that there is a preferential processing of APP to Aβ(1–40) over Aβ(1–42), and a potential role for the carboxylase activity of the γ-secretase protein, which preferentially splices sAPPβ to Aβ(1–40). Other markers are associated with the breakdown and remodeling of the extracellular matrix, and loss of homeostasis, possibly within the photoreceptor-retinal pigment epithelium-choriocapillaris complex. These data suggest novel disease pathways associated with GA pathogenesis and could provide potential novel targets for treatment of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kameran Lashkari
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye & Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gianna C. Teague
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye & Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ursula Beattie
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye & Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joanna Betts
- Alternative Discovery & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Alternative Discovery & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Megan M. McLaughlin
- Alternative Discovery & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Francisco J. López
- Alternative Discovery & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Xu Y, Cui K, Li J, Tang X, Lin J, Lu X, Huang R, Yang B, Shi Y, Ye D, Huang J, Yu S, Liang X. Melatonin attenuates choroidal neovascularization by regulating macrophage/microglia polarization via inhibition of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12660. [PMID: 32323368 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is an important characteristic of advanced wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and leads to severe visual impairment among elderly patients. Previous studies have demonstrated that melatonin induces several biological effects related to antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-angiogenesis. However, the role of melatonin in CNV, and its underlying mechanisms, has not been investigated thus far. In this study, we found that melatonin administration significantly reduced the scale and volume of CNV lesions, suppressed vascular leakage, and inhibited the capacity of vascular proliferation in the laser-induced mouse CNV model. Additionally, the results also show that the melatonin-treated retinal microglia in the laser-induced mice exhibited enhanced expression of M1-type markers, such as iNOS, CCL-3, CCL-5, and TNF-α, as well as decreased production of M2-type markers, such as Arg-1, Fizz-1, IL-10, YM-1, and CD206, indicating that melatonin switched the macrophage/microglia polarization from pro-angiogenic M2 phenotype to anti-angiogenic M1 phenotype. Furthermore, the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway was activated during CNV formation, yet was suppressed after an intraperitoneal injection of melatonin. In conclusion, melatonin attenuated CNV, reduced vascular leakage, and inhibited vascular proliferation by switching the macrophage/microglia polarization from M2 phenotype to M1 phenotype via inhibition of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway in CNV. This suggests that melatonin could be a novel agent for the treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kaixuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianqiang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Boyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuxun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Sun R, Zhang A, Ge Y, Gou J, Yin T, He H, Wang Y, Zhang G, Kong J, Shang L, Tao X, Zhang Y, Tang X. Ultra-small-size Astragaloside-IV loaded lipid nanocapsules eye drops for the effective management of dry age-related macular degeneration. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:1305-1320. [PMID: 32538226 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1783236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of severe visual loss in elderly people. The treatments for dry AMD (dAMD) are severely limited so far. In this work, we aim to develop an eye drop to protect retinal functions against oxidative stress and apoptosis for improving dAMD management. Methods Astragaloside-IV (ASIV) was prepared into phospholipid complex and loaded into three sizes (20, 50 and 90 nm) of ASIV lipid nanocapsules (ASIV-LNCs). The penetration and distribution of LNCs were investigated. DAMD mice model was induced by NaIO3, and therapeutic effect was evaluated by electroretinography (ERG), histological examination, apoptosis and ROS detection. Results The ocular penetration and pharmacokinetic studies corroborated the feasibility of the LNCs to reach the fundus, and ultra-small-size LNCs (ASIV-LNCs-20) had the best delivery effect. ASIV-LNCs-20 was able to decrease ROS production and reduce the apoptosis rate from 5.12% to 0.533%. ERG and H&E staining results confirmed ASIV-LNCs-20 had a good protective effect on the morphology and function of the retina. Conclusions These results suggest that ASIV-LNCs can be a promising therapy approach for dAMD, and this research also offers new possibilities for further applications of LNCs as a drug delivery system for other eye diseases. Abbreviations AMD: Age-related macular degeneration;AREDS Age-related eye disease study; ASIV: Astragaloside-IV;AUC: Area under the concentration-time curve; dAMD: Dry age-related macular degeneration; DHE: Dihydroethidium; DL: Drug Loading; DLS: Dynamic light scattering; DSC: Differential scanning calorimetry; EE: Entrapment efficiency; ELSD: Evaporative light scattering detector; ERG: Electroretinographic; H&E: Hematoxylin and Eosin; I.S.: Internal standard; LB: Langmuir-Blodgett; LNCs: Lipid nanocapsules; MCT: Medium-chain triacylglycerol; ONL: Outer nuclear layer; OPL: Outer plexiform layer; PDI: Polydispersity index; PR: Photoreceptor;ROS: Reactive oxygen species; RPE: Retinal pigment epithelium; TEM: Transmission electron microscope; wAMD: Wet age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Anan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Tian Yin
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yanjiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd ., Shandong, PR China
| | - Jun Kong
- Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | | | - Xiumei Tao
- NKD Pharma Co., Ltd ., Beijing, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.,Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd ., Shandong, PR China
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
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Yang PM, Cheng KC, Yuan SH, Wung BS. Carbon monoxide‑releasing molecules protect against blue light exposure and inflammation in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1096-1106. [PMID: 32582966 PMCID: PMC7387094 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common cause of vision loss among the elderly is age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs), and their ability to activate the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-related genes in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, as well as the inhibition of endothelial cell migration. It was first determined that CORM2 and CORM3 suppressed blue light-induced cell damage. In addition, a decrease in the level of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 protein and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential were considered to reflect the anti-apoptotic activity of CORMs. Furthermore, CORM2 induced Nrf-2 activation and the expression of the Nrf2-related genes heme oxygenase-1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase. Pretreatment with CORM2 abolished the blue light-induced increase in oxidative stress, suggesting that CORM2-induced antioxidant activity was involved in the cytoprotection against blue light. It was also demonstrated that CORMs markedly suppressed tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. Moreover, it was further observed that CORMs exert their inhibitory effects through blocking nuclear factor-κB/p65 nuclear translocation and IκBα degradation in TNFα-treated RPE cells. It was observed that CORM2, but not CORM3, protected against oxidative stress-induced cell damage. CORMs abolished vascular endothelial growth factor-induced migration of endothelial cells. The findings of the present study demonstrated the cytoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of CORMs on RPE cells and anti-angiogenic effects on endothelial cells, suggesting the potential clinical application of CORMs as anti-AMD agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Min Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao‑kang Hospital, Kaohsiung 81267, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shao-Ho Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Being-Sun Wung
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan, R.O.C
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The retinal tyrosine kinome of diabetic Akimba mice highlights potential for specific Src family kinase inhibition in retinal vascular disease. Exp Eye Res 2020; 197:108108. [PMID: 32590005 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although anti-VEGF therapies have radically changed clinical practice, there is still an urgent demand for novel, integrative approaches for sight-threatening retinal vascular diseases. As we hypothesize that protein tyrosine kinases are key signaling mediators in retinal vascular disease, we performed a comprehensive activity-based tyrosine kinome profiling on retinal tissue of 12-week-old Akimba mice, a translational model displaying hallmarks of early and advanced diabetic retinopathy. Western blotting was used to confirm retinal tyrosine kinase activity in Akimba mice. HUVEC tube formation and murine organotypic choroidal sprouting assays were applied to compare tyrosine kinase inhibitors with different specificity profiles. HUVEC toxicity and proliferation were evaluated using the CellTox™ Green Cytotoxicity and PrestoBlue™ Assays. Our results indicate a shift of the Akimba retinal tyrosine kinome towards a hyperactive state. Functional network analysis of significantly hyperphosphorylated peptides and upstream kinase prediction revealed a central role for Src-FAK family kinases. Western blotting confirmed hyperactivity of this signaling node in the retina of Akimba mice. We demonstrated that not only Src but also FAK family kinase inhibitors with different selectivity profiles were able to suppress angiogenesis in vitro and ex vivo. In the latter model, the novel selective Src family kinase inhibitor eCF506 was able to achieve potent reduction of angiogenesis, comparable to the less specific inhibitor Dasatinib. None of the tested compounds demonstrated acute endothelial cell toxicity. Overall, the collected findings provide the first comprehensive overview of retinal tyrosine kinome changes in the Akimba model of diabetic retinopathy and for the first time highlight Src family kinase inhibition using highly specific inhibitors as an attractive therapeutic intervention for retinal vascular pathology.
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115
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Apigenin Protects Mouse Retina against Oxidative Damage by Regulating the Nrf2 Pathway and Autophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9420704. [PMID: 32509154 PMCID: PMC7244986 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9420704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a critical factor in the pathology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Apigenin (AP) is a flavonoid with an outstanding antioxidant activity. We had previously observed that AP protected APRE-19 cells against oxidative injury in vitro. However, AP has poor water and fat solubility, which determines its low oral bioavailability. In this study, we prepared the solid dispersion of apigenin (AP-SD). The solubility and dissolution of AP-SD was significantly better than that of the original drug, so the oral bioavailability in rats was better than that of the original drug. Then, the effects of AP-SD on the retina of a model mouse with dry AMD were assessed by fundus autofluorescence (FAF), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and electron microscopy; the results revealed that AP-SD alleviated retinopathy. Further research found that AP-SD promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and increased expression levels of the Nrf2 and target genes HO-1 and NQO-1. AP-SD enhanced the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased the levels of ROS and MDA. Furthermore, AP-SD upregulated the expressions of p62 and LC3II in an Nrf2-dependent manner. However, these effects of AP-SD were observed only in the retina of Nrf2 WT mice, not in Nrf2 KO mice. In addition, the therapeutic effect of AP-SD was dose dependent, and AP did not work. In conclusion, AP-SD significantly enhanced the bioavailability of the original drug and reduced retinal oxidative injury in the model mouse of dry AMD in vivo. The results of the underlying mechanism showed that AP-SD upregulated the expression of antioxidant enzymes through the Nrf2 pathway and upregulated autophagy, thus inhibiting retinal oxidative damage. AP-SD may be a potential compound for the treatment of dry AMD.
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Ittiara S, Hariprasad AS, Messner LV, Tresley DJ, Leong D, Schechet SA. Use of the King-Devick Variable Color Contrast Sensitivity Chart to differentiate stages of age-related macular degeneration. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2020; 5:e000451. [PMID: 32426523 PMCID: PMC7228553 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine which colour contrast sensitivity differences exist in early to advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and examine the potential utility of the King-Devick Variable Color Contrast Sensitivity Chart in detecting AMD severity. Methods and analysis A total of 85 participants (144 total eyes) were recruited from multiple clinical practices and enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of 57 healthy eyes. The non-exudative AMD (NE-AMD) group consisted of 45 eyes. The exudative AMD (E-AMD) group consisted of 42 eyes. In a single study visit, monocular best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 40 cm with 100% black contrast was determined for each eye. Using the BCVA line, the number of letters correctly identified (out of 10) was recorded for various colour presentations (red, green, blue and yellow) and at decreasing contrast levels (100%, 75%, 50% and 25%). Results Our results show worse visual performance under various colour contrast settings in E-AMD patients compared with healthy controls and NE-AMD. Colour contrast performance using blue and yellow differentiated more advanced stages of disease in E-AMD from earlier NE-AMD disease. Blue and black colour contrast performance more accurately identified the E-AMD group from healthy controls and the NE-AMD group. Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrate that colour contrast, particularly with black, blue and yellow, is impaired in E-AMD suggesting the potential for colour contrast measures to serve as an adjunctive clinical tool in identifying subtle altered visual function as well as the potential for detecting disease severity.
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Yang JW, Yu ZY, Cheng SJ, Chung JHY, Liu X, Wu CY, Lin SF, Chen GY. Graphene Oxide-Based Nanomaterials: An Insight into Retinal Prosthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2957. [PMID: 32331417 PMCID: PMC7216005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal prosthesis has recently emerged as a treatment strategy for retinopathies, providing excellent assistance in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa. The potential application of graphene oxide (GO), a highly biocompatible nanomaterial with superior physicochemical properties, in the fabrication of electrodes for retinal prosthesis, is reviewed in this article. This review integrates insights from biological medicine and nanotechnology, with electronic and electrical engineering technological breakthroughs, and aims to highlight innovative objectives in developing biomedical applications of retinal prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (J.-W.Y.); (S.-J.C.); (S.-F.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Zih-Yu Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Jen Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (J.-W.Y.); (S.-J.C.); (S.-F.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Johnson H. Y. Chung
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia; (J.H.Y.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiao Liu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia; (J.H.Y.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Chung-Yu Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan;
| | - Shien-Fong Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (J.-W.Y.); (S.-J.C.); (S.-F.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Guan-Yu Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (J.-W.Y.); (S.-J.C.); (S.-F.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Yao PL, Peavey J, Malek G. Leveraging Nuclear Receptors as Targets for Pathological Ocular Vascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082889. [PMID: 32326149 PMCID: PMC7215709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis are physiological mechanisms occurring throughout the body. Any disruption to the precise balance of blood vessel growth necessary to support healthy tissue, and the inhibition of abnormal vessel sprouting has the potential to negatively impact stages of development and/or healing. Therefore, the identification of key regulators of these vascular processes is critical to identifying therapeutic means by which to target vascular-associated compromises and complications. Nuclear receptors are a family of transcription factors that have been shown to be involved in modulating different aspects of vascular biology in many tissues systems. Most recently, the role of nuclear receptors in ocular biology and vasculopathies has garnered interest. Herein, we review studies that have used in vitro assays and in vivo models to investigate nuclear receptor-driven pathways in two ocular vascular diseases associated with blindness, wet or exudative age-related macular degeneration, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The potential therapeutic targeting of nuclear receptors for ocular diseases is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Li Yao
- Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27503, USA; (P.-L.Y.); (J.P.)
| | - Jeremy Peavey
- Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27503, USA; (P.-L.Y.); (J.P.)
| | - Goldis Malek
- Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27503, USA; (P.-L.Y.); (J.P.)
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27503, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +919-684-0820
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Tisi A, Parete G, Flati V, Maccarone R. Up-regulation of pro-angiogenic pathways and induction of neovascularization by an acute retinal light damage. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6376. [PMID: 32286488 PMCID: PMC7156521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The light damage (LD) model was mainly used to study some of the main aspects of age related macular degeneration (AMD), such as oxidative stress and photoreceptor death. Several protocols of light-induced retinal degeneration exist. Acute light damage is characterized by a brief exposure (24 hours) to high intensity light (1000 lux) and leads to focal degeneration of the retina which progresses over time. To date there are not experimental data that relate this model to neovascular events. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize the retina after an acute light damage to assess whether the vascularization was affected. Functional, molecular and morphological investigations were carried out. The electroretinographic response was assessed at all recovery times (7, 60, 120 days after LD). Starting from 7 days after light damage there was a significant decrease in the functional response, which remained low up to 120 days of recovery. At 7 days after light exposure, neo-vessels invaded the photoreceptor layer and retinal neovascularization occurred. Remarkably, neoangiogenesis was associated to the up-regulation of VEGF, bFGF and their respective receptors (VEGFR2 and FGFR1) with the progression of degeneration. These important results indicate that a brief exposure to bright light induces the up-regulation of pro-angiogenic pathways with subsequent neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tisi
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G Parete
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - V Flati
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - R Maccarone
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
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Zhang W, Dai L, Li X, Li Y, Hung Yap MK, Liu L, Deng H. SARI prevents ocular angiogenesis and inflammation in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4341-4349. [PMID: 32119762 PMCID: PMC7171405 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SARI (Suppressor of AP‐1, regulated by IFN‐β) is known to play an important role in some systemic disease processes such an inflammatory conditions and cancer. We hypothesize that SARI may also play a role in ocular diseases involving inflammation and neovascularization. To explore our hypothesis, further, we investigated an endotoxin‐induced uveitis (EIU) and experimental argon laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model in SARI wild‐type (SARIWT) and SARI‐deficient (SARI−/−) mice. Through imaging, morphological and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies, we found that SARI deficiency exacerbated the growth of CNV. More VEGF‐positive cells were presented in the retina of SARI−/− mice with CNV. Compared to SARIWT mice, more inflammatory cells infiltrated the ocular anterior segment and posterior segments in SARI−/− mice with EIU. Collectively, the results point to a potential dual functional role of SARI in inflammatory ocular diseases, suggesting that SARI could be a potential therapy target for ocular inflammation and neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Longqian Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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121
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Shrestha R, Wen YT, Tsai RK. Effective Differentiation and Biological Characterization of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:1155-1167. [PMID: 31984806 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1722180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC)-derived retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are therapeutic cells that have been shown to be promising in the rescue of lost photoreceptors. In this study, we generated hiPSC from human epidermal keratinocytes and subsequently differentiated them into RPE cells to investigate their ability to influence the retinal functions of the Royal College of Surgeon (RCS) rats. METHODS Keratinocytes were reprogrammed to hiPSC using a non-integrating Sendai reprogramming system. Established hiPSCs were differentiated into RPE cells, and complete characterization was performed. Next, the suspension of hiPSC-RPE cells was transplanted into the subretinal space of 3-week-old RCS rats (n = 12). Posttransplantation evaluations were performed using optical coherence tomography (OCT), electroretinography, and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS The hiPSC colonies were identical to embryonic stem-like cells that revealed the expression of pluripotency markers and retention of the normal genome. These cells exhibited the ability to differentiate into an amalgam of germ layers and produce RPE cells. The differentiated RPE cells exhibited an identical pigmented morphology that expressed RPE-specific markers, such as CRALBP, BESTROPHIN, RPE65, and MERTK. At 8 weeks of longitudinal culture, the RPE cells exhibited maximum pigmentation with in vitro phagocytotic activity. Furthermore, transplantation data showed improved retinal function till week 12 post-transplantation and a significantly higher number of rod/cone ratios in transplanted eyes compared to non-surgery control eyes. CONCLUSION hiPSC-derived RPE cells exhibited naïve RPE cell properties and functionality that provided trophic support and the transient rescue of photoreceptor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupendra Shrestha
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University , Hualien, Taiwan.,Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation , Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tseng Wen
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation , Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Kung Tsai
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University , Hualien, Taiwan.,Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation , Hualien, Taiwan
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122
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Dewing JM, Carare RO, Lotery AJ, Ratnayaka JA. The Diverse Roles of TIMP-3: Insights into Degenerative Diseases of the Senescent Retina and Brain. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010039. [PMID: 31877820 PMCID: PMC7017234 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) is a component of the extracellular environment, where it mediates diverse processes including matrix regulation/turnover, inflammation and angiogenesis. Rare TIMP-3 risk alleles and mutations are directly linked with retinopathies such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Sorsby fundus dystrophy, and potentially, through indirect mechanisms, with Alzheimer's disease. Insights into TIMP-3 activities may be gleaned from studying Sorsby-linked mutations. However, recent findings do not fully support the prevailing hypothesis that a gain of function through the dimerisation of mutated TIMP-3 is responsible for retinopathy. Findings from Alzheimer's patients suggest a hitherto poorly studied relationship between TIMP-3 and the Alzheimer's-linked amyloid-beta (A) proteins that warrant further scrutiny. This may also have implications for understanding AMD as aged/diseased retinae contain high levels of A. Findings from TIMP-3 knockout and mutant knock-in mice have not led to new treatments, particularly as the latter does not satisfactorily recapitulate the Sorsby phenotype. However, recent advances in stem cell and in vitro approaches offer novel insights into understanding TIMP-3 pathology in the retina-brain axis, which has so far not been collectively examined. We propose that TIMP-3 activities could extend beyond its hitherto supposed functions to cause age-related changes and disease in these organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Dewing
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (J.M.D.); (R.O.C.); (A.J.L.)
| | - Roxana O. Carare
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (J.M.D.); (R.O.C.); (A.J.L.)
| | - Andrew J. Lotery
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (J.M.D.); (R.O.C.); (A.J.L.)
- Eye Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - J. Arjuna Ratnayaka
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (J.M.D.); (R.O.C.); (A.J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-238120-8183
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Cui R, Tian L, Lu D, Li H, Cui J. Exendin-4 Protects Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from H2O2-Induced Oxidative Damage via Activation of NRF2 Signaling. Ophthalmic Res 2019; 63:404-412. [PMID: 31865348 DOI: 10.1159/000504891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative damage plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Exendin-4 (EX4), a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, possesses several pharmacological functions, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. However, the effects and mechanism of EX4 on oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the protective mechanism of EX4 on human RPE cells subjected to oxidative stress. METHODS Human RPE ARPE-19 cells were treated with H2O2 to induce oxidative damage. Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 and lactate dehydrogenase assay. Levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH) were measured using commercial kits. The expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (NRF2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1) was measured using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay and western blot, respectively. RESULTS H2O2 significantly induced oxidative stress to reduce viability of RPE cells and increased intracellular ROS generation. EX4 significantly ameliorated H2O2-induced oxidative damage by reducing intracellular ROS generation, decreasing MDA concentration, and increasing antioxidant enzymes activities (SOD and GSH). In addition, EX4 markedly increased expression of NRF2, HO-1, and NQO-1 and significantly improved protein expression of NRF2 and HO-1 in H2O2-treated ARPE-19 cells, caused by increased nuclear NRF2 protein expression. NRF2 knockdown by targeted siRNA alleviated EX4-mediated HO-1 expression and significantly nullified EX4-mediated RPE cell protection against H2O2. CONCLUSIONS EX4 attenuated oxidative damage induced by H2O2 in ARPE-19 cells through the activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway. The findings suggested that EX4 may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzhe Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Lianji Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Postdoctoral Research Station, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Jun Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China, .,Postdoctoral Research Station, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China,
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124
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miR302a and 122 are deregulated in small extracellular vesicles from ARPE-19 cells cultured with H 2O 2. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17954. [PMID: 31784665 PMCID: PMC6884596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common retina-related disease leading to blindness. Little is known on the origin of the disease, but it is well documented that oxidative stress generated in the retinal pigment epithelium and choroid neovascularization are closely involved. The study of circulating miRNAs is opening new possibilities in terms of diagnosis and therapeutics. miRNAs can travel associated to lipoproteins or inside small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs). A number of reports indicate a significant deregulation of circulating miRNAs in AMD and experimental approaches, but it is unclear whether sEVs present a significant miRNA cargo. The present work studies miRNA expression changes in sEVs released from ARPE-19 cells under oxidative conditions (i.e. hydrogen peroxide, H2O2). H2O2 increased sEVs release from ARPE-19 cells. Moreover, 218 miRNAs could be detected in control and H2O2 induced-sEVs. Interestingly, only two of them (hsa-miR-302a and hsa-miR-122) were significantly under-expressed in H2O2-induced sEVs. Results herein suggest that the down regulation of miRNAs 302a and 122 might be related with previous studies showing sEVs-induced neovascularization after oxidative challenge in ARPE-19 cells.
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125
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Litwińska Z, Sobuś A, Łuczkowska K, Grabowicz A, Mozolewska-Piotrowska K, Safranow K, Kawa MP, Machaliński B, Machalińska A. The Interplay Between Systemic Inflammatory Factors and MicroRNAs in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:286. [PMID: 31695606 PMCID: PMC6817913 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the expression of systemic inflammatory factors and selected intracellular miRNAs that regulate inflammatory signaling pathways potentially involved in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathogenesis. A total of 179 patients with wet AMD, 175 with dry AMD and 121 controls were enrolled in the study. Soluble inflammatory factors were analyzed in plasma samples using Luminex technology. Expression of selected miRNAs was analyzed in isolated nucleated peripheral blood cells (PBNCs) using real-time qPCR. Wet AMD was an independent factor associated with higher concentrations of IL-6 (β = +0.24, p = 0.0004), GM-CSF (β = +0.31, p < 0.001), IFN-γ (β = +0.58, p < 0.001), higher expression of miRNA-23a-3p (β = +0.60, p < 0.0001), miRNA-30b (β = +0.32, p < 0.0001), miRNA-191-5p (β = +0.28, p < 0.0001) and lower concentration of IL-1β (β = −0.25, p = 0.0003), IL-5 (β = −0.45, p < 0.001), IL-10 (β = −0.45, p < 0.001), IL-12 (β = −0.35, p < 0.001), lower expression of miRNA-16-5p (β = −0.31, p < 0.0001), miRNA-17-3p (β = −0.18, p = 0.01), miRNA-150-5p (β = −0.18, p = 0.01) and miRNA-155-5p (β = −0.47, p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that dry AMD was an independent factor associated with higher concentration of GM-CSF (β = +0.34, p < 0.001), IL-6 (β = +0.13, p = 0.05), higher expression of miRNA-23a-3p (β = +0.60, p < 0.0001), miRNA-126-3p (β = +0.23, p = 0.0005), miRNA-126-5p (β = +0.16, p = 0.01), miRNA 146a (β = +0.14, p = 0.03), and mRNA191-5p (β = +0.15, p = 0.03) and lower concentrations of TNF-α (β = +0.24, p = 0.0004), IL-1β (β = −0.39, p < 0.001), IL-2 (β = −0.20, p = 0.003), IL-5 (β = −0.54, p < 0.001), IL-10 (β = −0.56, p < 0.001), IL-12 (β = −0.51, p < 0.001), lower expression of miRNA-16-5p (β = −0.23, p = 0.0004), miRNA-17-3p (β = −0.20, p = 0.003) and miRNA-17-5p (β = −0.19, p = 0.004). Negative correlations between visual acuity and WBC, lymphocyte count, TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 concentrations and miRNA-191-5p, as well as positive correlations between visual acuity and miRNA-126-3p, -126-5p, and -155-5p PBNCs expression were found in AMD patients. No such correlations were found in the control group. Our results may suggest the role of both intra- and extracellular mechanisms implicated in inflammatory response regulation in multifactorial AMD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Litwińska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Sobuś
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Łuczkowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Grabowicz
- First Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Miłosz Piotr Kawa
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Machalińska
- First Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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126
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Supramolecular cyclodextrin complex: Diversity, safety, and applications in ocular therapeutics. Exp Eye Res 2019; 189:107829. [PMID: 31605685 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 30-70% of the existing and new chemical entities exhibit poor aqueous solubility. For topical ocular delivery, drug molecules need to possess both hydrophilic and lipophilic nature to enable absorption through the aqueous tear layer and permeation through the corneal lipophilic barrier. To overcome the aqueous solubility related issues, various techniques such as solid dispersion, particle size reduction, cyclodextrin complexation, co-solvency, prodrug, derivatization, and salt formation are being explored in the healthcare sector. Cyclodextrin inclusion complexation techniques have been established by several pharmaceutical industries for systemic administration allowing a transition from the lab to the clinics. Though cyclodextrins are exploited in ocular drug delivery, there are prevailing concerns regarding its absorption enhancing capacity and mechanism, retention at the ocular surfaces and, irritation and toxicity profiles. In the present review, the efforts taken by various research groups to address the concerns of using cyclodextrin and its derivatives in ocular therapeutics are summarized. Also, considerations and utility of cyclodextrin systems in fabricating newer formulations such as contact lens, inserts, and implants have been discussed in the review.
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127
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Kolosova NG, Kozhevnikova OS, Telegina DV, Fursova AZ, Stefanova NA, Muraleva NA, Venanzi F, Sherman MY, Kolesnikov SI, Sufianov AA, Gabai VL, Shneider AM. p62 /SQSTM1 coding plasmid prevents age related macular degeneration in a rat model. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:2136-2147. [PMID: 30153656 PMCID: PMC6128417 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
P62/SQSTM1, a multi-domain protein that regulates inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy, has been linked to age-related pathologies. For example, previously we demonstrated that administration of p62/SQSTM1-encoding plasmid reduced chronic inflammation and alleviated osteoporosis and metabolic syndrome in animal models. Herein, we built upon these findings to investigate effect of the p62-encoding plasmid on an age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a progressive neurodegenerative ocular disease, using spontaneous retinopathy in senescence-accelerated OXYS rats as a model. Overall, the p62DNA decreased the incidence and severity of retinopathy. In retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), p62DNA administration slowed down development of the destructive alterations of RPE cells, including loss of regular hexagonal shape, hypertrophy, and multinucleation. In neuroretina, p62DNA prevented gliosis, retinal thinning, and significantly inhibited microglia/macrophages migration to the outer retina, prohibiting their subretinal accumulation. Taken together, our results suggest that the p62DNA has a strong retinoprotective effect in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anzhela Zh Fursova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State Regional Clinical Hospital, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | - Franco Venanzi
- School of Biosciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Sergey I Kolesnikov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Research Center of Family Health and Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Albert A Sufianov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Federal Center of Neurosurgery, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Vladimir L Gabai
- CureLab Oncology, Inc, Deadham, MA 02492, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alexander M Shneider
- CureLab Oncology, Inc, Deadham, MA 02492, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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128
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Loss of NAMPT in aging retinal pigment epithelium reduces NAD + availability and promotes cellular senescence. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:1306-1323. [PMID: 29905535 PMCID: PMC6046249 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) performs numerous functions critical to retinal health and visual function. RPE senescence is a hallmark of aging and degenerative retinal disease development. Here, we evaluated the temporal expression of key nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-biosynthetic genes and associated levels of NAD+, a principal regulator of energy metabolism and cellular fate, in mouse RPE. NAD+ levels declined with age and correlated directly with decreased nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) expression, increased expression of senescence markers (p16INK4a, p21Waf/Cip1, ApoJ, CTGF and β-galactosidase) and significant reductions in SIRT1 expression and activity. We simulated in vitro the age-dependent decline in NAD+ and the related increase in RPE senescence in human (ARPE-19) and mouse primary RPE using the NAMPT inhibitor FK866 and demonstrated the positive impact of NAD+-enhancing therapies on RPE cell viability. This, we confirmed in vivo in the RPE of mice injected sub-retinally with FK866 in the presence or absence of nicotinamide mononucleotide. Our data confirm the importance of NAD+ to RPE cell biology normally and in aging and demonstrate the potential utility of therapies targeting NAMPT and NAD+ biosynthesis to prevent or alleviate consequences of RPE senescence in aging and/or degenerative retinal diseases in which RPE dysfunction is a crucial element.
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129
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Tisi A, Passacantando M, Ciancaglini M, Maccarone R. Nanoceria neuroprotective effects in the light-damaged retina: A focus on retinal function and microglia activation. Exp Eye Res 2019; 188:107797. [PMID: 31520599 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials is an emerging therapeutic approach for the treatment of several pathologies. Cerium oxide nanoparticles have been studied for biomedical application, including neurodegenerative disorders, such as age-related macular degeneration in several animal models. The light damage model is characterised by oxidative stress upregulation followed by photoreceptor death and microglia activation in the outer retina. For this reason, the light damage model mimics some aspects involved in human age-related macular degeneration pathogenesis. In this review, we focus on the neuroprotective effects on retinal function and microglia activation in the light damage model, considering the administration of the nanoparticles both before and after the injury. The electrical responses of the retina and the microglia number and morphology are clearly modulated by the treatment, supporting the beneficial effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles to counteract the degeneration processes in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tisi
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - M Passacantando
- Department of Physical and Chemical Science, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 1, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - M Ciancaglini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, Blocco 11, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - R Maccarone
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
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130
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Capasso C, Winum JY. Novel method of treating macular degeneration: a patent evaluation (WO2018/107005). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:749-752. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1661991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clemente Capasso
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Jean-Yves Winum
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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131
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Automation of human pluripotent stem cell differentiation toward retinal pigment epithelial cells for large-scale productions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10646. [PMID: 31337830 PMCID: PMC6650487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction or death of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is involved in some forms of Retinitis Pigmentosa and in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Since there is no cure for most patients affected by these diseases, the transplantation of RPE cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represents an attractive therapeutic alternative. First attempts to transplant hPSC-RPE cells in AMD and Stargardt patients demonstrated the safety and suggested the potential efficacy of this strategy. However, it also highlighted the need to upscale the production of the cells to be grafted in order to treat the millions of potential patients. Automated cell culture systems are necessary to change the scale of cell production. In the present study, we developed a protocol amenable for automation that combines in a sequential manner Nicotinamide, Activin A and CHIR99021 to direct the differentiation of hPSCs into RPE cells. This novel differentiation protocol associated with the use of cell culture robots open new possibilities for the production of large batches of hPSC-RPE cells while maintaining a high cell purity and functionality. Such methodology of cell culture automation could therefore be applied to various differentiation processes in order to generate the material suitable for cell therapy.
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132
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Yang JY, Madrakhimov SB, Ahn DH, Chang HS, Jung SJ, Nah SK, Park HY, Park TK. mTORC1 and mTORC2 are differentially engaged in the development of laser-induced CNV. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:64. [PMID: 31200728 PMCID: PMC6570852 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a potential target to inhibit pathologic processes in choroidal neovascularization. However, the exact role of mTOR signaling in the development of CNV remains obscure. In this study, we assessed the role of mTORC1 and mTORC2 as well as the effect of rapamycin (sirolimus) on choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a laser-induced mouse model. Methods In experiment A, we observed the natural course of CNV development and the dynamics of mTOR-related proteins during the 12 days after the laser injury. The expression of mTOR-related proteins was evaluated using Western blot (WB). Cryosections of CNV-induced mice were immunostained for the visualization of the vascular and extravascular components of the CNV. Experiment B was performed to confirm the critical period of mTOR signaling in the development of laser-induced CNV, we administered rapamycin before and/or during the active period of mTOR complexes. WB and immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate the mode of action and the effect of mTOR inhibition on CNV development. Results In experiment A, we detected high levels of p-mTOR S2448 and p-mTOR S2481 from the 5th to 12th day of laser injury. Immunofluorescence imaging of cryosections of mice sacrificed on day 7 revealed greater co-immunoreactivity of p-mTOR S2448 positive cells with CD11b and F4/80, while p-mTOR S2481 positive cells showed colocalization with CD31, α-SMA, and cytokeratin. In experiment B, rapamycin injection during the active period of mTOR signaling demonstrated near-complete inhibition of CNV lesion as well as significant induction of autophagy. Conclusion Our study suggests the mTOR as a critical player during CNV development in laser-induced mouse model through differentially acting with the mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTORC1 activity was high predominantly in inflammatory cells in CNV lesion, while mTORC2 activity was higher in vascular components and the RPE. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0380-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Yang
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea.,Laboratory for Translational Research on Retinal and Macular Degeneration, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Sanjar Batirovich Madrakhimov
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea.,Laboratory for Translational Research on Retinal and Macular Degeneration, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Dong Hyuck Ahn
- Laboratory for Translational Research on Retinal and Macular Degeneration, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Hun Soo Chang
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Graduated School, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Sang Joon Jung
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Choongchungnam-do, South Korea
| | - Seung Kwan Nah
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Choongchungnam-do, South Korea
| | - Ha Yan Park
- Laboratory for Translational Research on Retinal and Macular Degeneration, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Tae Kwann Park
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea. .,Laboratory for Translational Research on Retinal and Macular Degeneration, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, Bucheon, South Korea. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, #170, Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, South Korea. .,Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Choongchungnam-do, South Korea. .,Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea.
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133
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Muraleva NA, Kozhevnikova OS, Fursova AZ, Kolosova NG. Suppression of AMD-Like Pathology by Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant SkQ1 Is Associated with a Decrease in the Accumulation of Amyloid β and in mTOR Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8060177. [PMID: 31208023 PMCID: PMC6616484 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of irreversible visual impairment and blindness in developed countries, and the molecular pathogenesis of AMD is poorly understood. Recent studies strongly indicate that amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation -found in the brain and a defining feature of Alzheimer's disease-also forms in the retina in both Alzheimer's disease and AMD. The reason why highly neurotoxic proteins of consistently aggregate in the aging retina, and to what extent they contribute to AMD, remains to be fully addressed. Nonetheless, the hypothesis that Aβ is a therapeutic target in AMD is debated. Here, we showed that long-term treatment with SkQ1 (250 nmol/[kg body weight] daily from the age of 1.5 to 22 months) suppressed the development of AMD-like pathology in senescence-accelerated OXYS rats by reducing the level of Aβ and suppressing the activity of mTOR in the retina. Inhibition of mTOR signaling activity, which plays key roles in aging and age-related diseases, can be considered a new mechanism of the prophylactic effect of SkQ1. It seems probable that dietary supplementation with mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 can be a good prevention strategy to maintain eye health and possibly a treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Muraleva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Pr. Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Oyuna S Kozhevnikova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Pr. Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Anzhela Z Fursova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Pr. Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Nataliya G Kolosova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Pr. Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 9 Lavrentieva Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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Park W, Baek YY, Kim J, Jo DH, Choi S, Kim JH, Kim T, Kim S, Park M, Kim JY, Won MH, Ha KS, Kim JH, Kwon YG, Kim YM. Arg-Leu-Tyr-Glu Suppresses Retinal Endothelial Permeability and Choroidal Neovascularization by Inhibiting the VEGF Receptor 2 Signaling Pathway. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:474-483. [PMID: 31042676 PMCID: PMC6720534 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in pathologic ocular neovascularization and vascular leakage via activation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). This study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic mechanisms and effects of the tetrapeptide Arg-Leu-Tyr-Glu (RLYE), a VEGFR2 inhibitor, in the development of vascular permeability and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). In cultured human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs), treatment with RLYE blocked VEGF-A-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2, Akt, ERK, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), leading to suppression of VEGF-A-mediated hyper-production of NO. Treatment with RLYE also inhibited VEGF-A-stimulated angiogenic processes (migration, proliferation, and tube formation) and the hyperpermeability of HRMECs, in addition to attenuating VEGF-A-induced angiogenesis and vascular permeability in mice. The anti-vascular permeability activity of RLYE was correlated with enhanced stability and positioning of the junction proteins VE-cadherin, β-catenin, claudin-5, and ZO-1, critical components of the cortical actin ring structure and retinal endothelial barrier, at the boundary between HRMECs stimulated with VEGF-A. Furthermore, intravitreally injected RLYE bound to retinal microvascular endothelium and inhibited laser-induced CNV in mice. These findings suggest that RLYE has potential as a therapeutic drug for the treatment of CNV by preventing VEGFR2-mediated vascular leakage and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjin Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Yong Baek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohwan Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Jo
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Choi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Kim
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesam Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Suji Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsik Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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135
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Li Y, Zhou Y. Interleukin-17: The Role for Pathological Angiogenesis in Ocular Neovascular Diseases. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2019; 247:87-98. [PMID: 30773517 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.247.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ocular neovascular diseases are featured by abnormal angiogenesis in the eye, and they seriously threaten the human visual health. These diseases include proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). In fact, ocular neovascular diseases represent the leading causes of vision impairment and blindness worldwide. Ocular neovascularization, the process of pathological vessel formation in eye, underlies ocular neovascular diseases. Cytokines have important regulatory roles in neovascularization through immunological networks. Interleukin (IL)-17, the signature cytokine produced by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, has proven to be involved in ocular neovascularization. However, roles of IL-17 in ocular neovascular diseases still remain controversial. This review provides an overview of the functional roles of IL-17 in ocular neovascular diseases from basic research to clinical evidence by focusing on PDR, AMD, ROP, and RVO. The possible roles of IL-17 in neovascularization are achieved through a regulatory network of cytoskeleton remodeling, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF-related cytokines, and complement components. Current applications as well as potential therapies targeting IL-17 with genome editing systems are also outlined and discussed. Targeting IL-17 might be a promising therapeutic strategy against ocular neovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University.,Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital
| | - Yedi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease
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136
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Heitmar R, Brown J, Kyrou I. Saffron ( Crocus sativus L.) in Ocular Diseases: A Narrative Review of the Existing Evidence from Clinical Studies. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030649. [PMID: 30889784 PMCID: PMC6471055 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and its main constituents, i.e., crocin and crocetin, are natural carotenoid compounds, which have been reported to possess a wide spectrum of properties and induce pleiotropic anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and neuroprotective effects. An increasing number of experimental, animal, and human studies have investigated the effects and mechanistic pathways of these compounds in order to assess their potential therapeutic use in ocular diseases (e.g., in age related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic maculopathy). This narrative review presents the key findings of published clinical studies that examined the effects of saffron and/or its constituents in the context of ocular disease, as well as an overview of the proposed underlying mechanisms mediating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Heitmar
- Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
| | - James Brown
- Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
- WISDEM, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK.
- Translational & Experimental Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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137
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Rettinger CL, Wang HC. Current Advancements in the Development and Characterization of Full-Thickness Adult Neuroretina Organotypic Culture Systems. Cells Tissues Organs 2019; 206:119-132. [PMID: 30879015 DOI: 10.1159/000497296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases such as macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy constitute the leading cause of blindness in the industrialized world. There is a continuous demand in investigative ophthalmic research for the development of new treatment modalities for retinal therapy. Unfortunately, efforts to identify novel neuroprotective and neuroregenerative agents have often been hindered by an experimental model gap that exists between high-throughput methods via dissociated cells and preclinical animal models. Even though dissociated cell culture is rapid and high-throughput, it is limited in its ability to reproduce the in vivo conditions. In contrast, preclinical animal models may offer greater fidelity, albeit they lack efficiency and experimental control. Retina explant cultures provide an ideal bridge to close this gap and have been used to study an array of biological processes such as retinal development and neurodegeneration. However, it is often difficult to interpret findings from these studies due to the wide variety of experimental species and culture methods used. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current ex vivo neuroretina culture methods and assessments, with a focus on their suitability, advantages, and disadvantages, along with novel insights and perspectives on the organotypic culture model as a high-throughput platform for screening promising molecules for retinal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Rettinger
- Ocular and Sensory Trauma Task Area, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA,
| | - Heuy-Ching Wang
- Ocular and Sensory Trauma Task Area, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
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138
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Meng Y, Liu HW, Sun P, Zhou PP, Wang JJ. Omega-3 and ranibizumab for age-related macular degeneration: A systematic review protocol. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14516. [PMID: 30921177 PMCID: PMC6455935 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 and ranibizumab (O3R) has been reported to treat age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) effectively. However, up to the present, no systematic review specifically addressed the efficacy of O3R for the treatment of ARMD. Therefore, in this study, we will propose to assess the efficacy and safety of O3R for the treatment of ARMD. METHODS We will search PUMBED, EMBASE, CINAHI, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Information, Wanfang Data, as well as the gray literature from inception up to the present. We will accept randomized controlled trials for assessing the efficacy and safety of O3R for ARMD. The primary outcomes include change in best corrected visual acuity and central retinal thickness. The secondary outcomes consist of changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness, macular atrophy, retinal average sensitivity, contrast sensitivity, glare disability, and quality of life. In addition, incidence and severity of adverse events will also be evaluated. Cochrane Collaboration tool will be used to assess the risk of bias for each included study. In addition, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool will be utilized to assess the overall strength of the evidence. Two authors will independently carry out all procedures and any divergences will be solved through discussion with a third author. If it is possible, we will conduct meta-analysis and subgroup analysis concerning different interventions, risk of bias, and outcome measurements. RESULTS In this proposed study, we outline details of the aims and methods of efficacy and safety of O3R for the treatment of ARMD. CONCLUSION The findings of this systematic review will summarize current evidence of O3R for the treatment of patients with ARMD. DISSEMINATION AND ETHICS The results of the present study are expected to be published by peer-reviewed journals. This is a literature-based study. Thus, ethical approval is unnecessary for this study. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42019121177.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University
| | - Hong-wei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University
| | - Ping-ping Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University
| | - Jian-jie Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
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139
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Hayashi H, Mamun AA, Takeyama M, Yamamura A, Zako M, Yagasaki R, Nakahara T, Kamei M, Sato M. Activator of G-protein signaling 8 is involved in VEGF-induced choroidal neovascularization. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1560. [PMID: 30733465 PMCID: PMC6367328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a major cause of vision loss among elderly people. Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) is essential for the development and progression of AMD, and VEGF signaling molecules are effective targets for the treatment of AMD. We recently reported that activator of G-protein signaling 8 (AGS8), a receptor-independent Gβγ regulator, is involved in VEGF-induced angiogenesis in cultured endothelial cells (EC); however, the role of AGS8 in CNV is not yet understood. This study aimed to explore the role of AGS8 in CNV in cultured cells, explanted choroid tissue, and laser-induced CNV in a mouse AMD model. AGS8 knockdown in cultured choroidal EC inhibited VEGF-induced VEGFR-2 phosphorylation, cell proliferation, and migration. AGS8 knockdown also downregulated cell sprouting from mouse choroidal tissue in ex vivo culture. A mouse model of laser-induced CNV, created to analyze the roles of AGS8 in vivo, demonstrated that AGS8 mRNA was significantly upregulated in choroidal lesions and AGS8 was specifically expressed in the neovasculature. Local AGS8 knockdown in intravitreal tissue significantly inhibited laser-induced AGS8 upregulation and suppressed CNV, suggesting that AGS8 knockdown in the choroid has therapeutic potential for AMD. Together, these results demonstrate that AGS8 plays critical roles in VEGF-induced CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaki Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.
| | | | - Masayuki Takeyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Aya Yamamura
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Masahiro Zako
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asai Hospital, Seto, Japan
| | - Rina Yagasaki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kamei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Motohiko Sato
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.
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140
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Elmasry K, Ibrahim AS, Abdulmoneim S, Al-Shabrawey M. Bioactive lipids and pathological retinal angiogenesis. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:93-109. [PMID: 30276789 PMCID: PMC6284336 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, disruption of the retinal barrier, leukocyte-adhesion and oedema are cardinal signs of proliferative retinopathies that are associated with vision loss. Therefore, identifying factors that regulate these vascular dysfunctions is critical to target pathological angiogenesis. Given the conflicting role of bioactive lipids reported in the current literature, the goal of this review is to provide the reader a clear road map of what has been accomplished so far in the field with specific focus on the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)-derived metabolites in proliferative retinopathies. This necessarily entails a description of the different retina cells, blood retina barriers and the role of (PUFAs)-derived metabolites in diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity and age-related macular degeneration as the most common types of proliferative retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Elmasry
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear & Department of ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ahmed S Ibrahim
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Samer Abdulmoneim
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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141
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Zhao H, Wang R, Ye M, Zhang L. Genipin protects against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in retinal pigment epithelial cells by promoting Nrf2 signaling. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:936-944. [PMID: 30569096 PMCID: PMC6317649 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.4027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress serves a vital function in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD); genipin (GP) possesses antioxidative properties. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of GP on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells induced by H2O2 and the underlying mechanism. ARPE-19 cells were subjected to H2O2 treatment to induce oxidative damage. Cell viability was determined via an MTT assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) signaling-associated and the expression of apoptosis-associated factors were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay and western blotting. The results revealed that 200 µM H2O2 and 30 µM GP were determined to be the optimal concentrations for subsequent experimentation. GP reversed the inhibitory effects of H2O2 by promoting cell viability, attenuating ROS accumulation and cell apoptosis, and increased the expression of Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H: Quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1); Nrf2 silencing inhibited HO-1 and NQO1 expression. In addition, Nrf2 silencing enhanced the effects of H2O2 by promoting ROS production and cell apoptosis. Compared with H2O2, Nrf2 silencing further decreased the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), but increased that of Bcl-2-associated X protein and cleaved-caspase-3. The results of the present study revealed that Nrf2 silencing attenuated the protective effects of GP on H2O2-induced injury in ARPE-19 cells by promoting apoptosis and oxidation. Collectively, GP attenuated oxidative damage induced by H2O2 in ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism may be associated with the Nrf2 signaling pathway. The findings of the present study nay provide insight into a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Mingxia Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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Liu Y, Li R, Xie J, Hu J, Huang X, Ren F, Li L. Protective Effect of Hydrogen on Sodium Iodate-Induced Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:389. [PMID: 30564112 PMCID: PMC6288204 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the main causes of AMD. Hydrogen has anti-oxidative stress and apoptotic effects on retinal injury. However, the effect of hydrogen on AMD is not clear. In this study, fundus radiography, OCT, and FFA demonstrated that HRW reduced the deposition of drusen-like structures in RPE layer, prevented retina from thinning and leakage of ocular fundus vasculature induced by NaIO3. ERG analysis confirmed that HRW effectively reversed the decrease of a-wave and b-wave amplitude in NaIO3-mice. Mechanistically, HRW greatly reduced the oxidative stress reaction through decreased MDA levels, increased SOD production, and decreased ROS content. The OGG1 expression was downregulated which is a marker of oxidative stress. Involvement of oxidative stress was confirmed using oxidative stress inhibitor ALCAR. Moreover, oxidative stress reaction was associated with expression of Sirt1 level and HRW significantly inhibited the downregulation of Sirt1 expression. This result was further confirmed with AICAR which restore Sirt1 expression and activity. In addition, NaIO3-induced retinal damage was related to apoptosis via caspase 8 and caspase 9, but not the caspase 3 pathways, which led to upregulation of Bax and p53, downregulation of Bcl-2, and increase in Jc-1-positive cells in mice. However, HRW effectively reversed these effects that apoptosis induced. These results suggest that HRW protects retinal functions against oxidative stress injury through inhibiting downregulation of Sirt1 and reducing retinal apoptosis. Therefore, we speculated that hydrogen administration is a promising treatment for AMD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Ruichan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Jiehua Hu
- Information Center, Logistics College, Naval University of Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Xudong Huang
- Chemistry and Life College, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu Ren
- Biological Anthropology Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
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143
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Krilis M, Qi M, Qi J, Wong JWH, Guymer R, Liew G, Hunyor AP, Madigan M, McCluskey P, Weaver J, Krilis SA, Giannakopoulos B. Dual roles of different redox forms of complement factor H in protecting against age related macular degeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:237-246. [PMID: 30253188 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Complement Factor H (CFH) is an important inhibitor of the alternate complement pathway in Bruch's membrane (BM), located between the choriocapillaris and the retinal pigment epithelium. Furthermore dysfunction of its activity as occurs with certain polymorphisms is associated with an increased risk of age related macular degeneration (AMD). The retina is a site of high generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and dysfunction of redox homeostasis in this milieu also contributes to AMD pathogenesis. In this study we wanted to explore if CFH exists in distinct redox forms and whether these species have unique protective biological functions. CFH can be reduced by the naturally occurring thioredoxin - 1 in CFH domains 1-4, 17-20. We found a duality of function between the oxidised and reduced forms of CFH. The oxidised form was more efficient in binding to C3b and lipid peroxidation by-products that are known to accumulate in the retinae and activate the alternate complement pathway. Oxidised CFH enhances Factor I mediated cleavage of C3 and C3b whereas the reduced form loses this activity. In the setting of oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide)-mediated death of human retinal pigment epithelial cells as can occur in AMD, the free thiol form of CFH offers a protective function compared to the oxidised form. We found for the first time using a novel ELISA system we have developed for free thiol CFH, that both redox forms of CFH are found in the human plasma. Furthermore there is a distinct ratio of these redox forms in plasma depending if an individual has early or late AMD, with individuals with early AMD having higher levels of the free thiol form compared to late AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Krilis
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney and Sydney Eye Hospital, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Miao Qi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Sexual Health St George Hospital 2, South Street, Kogarah, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jian Qi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Sexual Health St George Hospital 2, South Street, Kogarah, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason W H Wong
- Prince of Wales Clinical School and Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robyn Guymer
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gerald Liew
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alex P Hunyor
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney and Sydney Eye Hospital, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michele Madigan
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney and Sydney Eye Hospital, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Optometry and Visual Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter McCluskey
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney and Sydney Eye Hospital, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James Weaver
- Faculty of Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, St George Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steven A Krilis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Sexual Health St George Hospital 2, South Street, Kogarah, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bill Giannakopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Sexual Health St George Hospital 2, South Street, Kogarah, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Rheumatology, St George Hospital, Belgrave Street, Kogarah, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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144
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Grishanin R, Vuillemenot B, Sharma P, Keravala A, Greengard J, Gelfman C, Blumenkrantz M, Lawrence M, Hu W, Kiss S, Gasmi M. Preclinical Evaluation of ADVM-022, a Novel Gene Therapy Approach to Treating Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Mol Ther 2018; 27:118-129. [PMID: 30528929 PMCID: PMC6319194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor, a key contributor to the choroidal neovascularization associated with wet age-related macular degeneration, is the mode of action of several approved therapies, including aflibercept, which requires frequent intravitreal injections to provide clinical benefit. Lack of compliance with the dosing schedule may result in recurrence of active wet macular degeneration, leading to irreversible vision impairment. Gene therapy providing sustained anti-vascular endothelial growth factor levels in the retina following a single injection could drastically reduce the treatment burden and improve visual outcomes. ADVM-022, an adeno-associated virus vector encoding aflibercept, is optimized for intravitreal delivery and strong protein expression. Here, we report the long-term expression and efficacy of ADVM-022-derived aflibercept in a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization model in non-human primates. Intravitreal administration of ADVM-022 was well tolerated and resulted in sustained aflibercept levels. In addition, ADVM-022 administration 13 months before lasering prevented the occurrence of clinically relevant choroidal neovascularization lesions, similar to animals that received a bolus of intravitreal aflibercept (standard of care) at the time of lesioning. These results demonstrate that a single intravitreal administration of ADVM-022 may provide a safe and effective long-term treatment option for wet macular degeneration and may ultimately improve patients’ visual outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Szilárd Kiss
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mehdi Gasmi
- Adverum Biotechnologies, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
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145
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Cui K, Zhang S, Liu X, Yan Z, Huang L, Yang X, Zhu R, Sang A. Inhibition of TBK1 reduces choroidal neovascularization in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:202-208. [PMID: 29864423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
choroidal neovascularization (CNV), a characteristic of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), causes severe vision loss among elderly patients. TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is a ubiquitously expressed serine-threonine kinase and is found to induce endothelial cells proliferation, represent a novel mediator of tumor angiogenesis and exert pro-inflammatory effect. However, the role of TBK1 in choroidal neovascularization has not been investigated so far. In this study, we found that the expression of TBK1 and VEGF was up-regulated in RF/6 A cells chemical hypoxia model and laser-induced mouse CNV model. Silencing of TBK1 suppressed the proliferation and tube formation activity of RF/6 A cells. Intravitreal injection of anti-TBK1 monoclonal antibody ameliorates CNV formation. Taken together, these findings exhibit a proangiogenic role for TBK1 via upregulating the expression of VEGF, and may suggest that TBK1 inhibition offers a unique and alternative method for prevention and treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Cui
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Aimin Sang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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146
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Arroba AI, Campos-Caro A, Aguilar-Diosdado M, Valverde ÁM. IGF-1, Inflammation and Retinal Degeneration: A Close Network. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:203. [PMID: 30026694 PMCID: PMC6041402 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases are a group of heterogeneous diseases that include age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and diabetic retinopathy (DR). The progressive degeneration of the retinal neurons results in a severe deterioration of the visual function. Neuroinflammation is an early hallmark of many neurodegenerative disorders of the retina including AMD, RP and DR. Microglial cells, key components of the retinal immune defense system, are activated in retinal degenerative diseases. In the microglia the interplay between the proinflammatory/classically activated or antiinflammatory/alternatively activated phenotypes is a complex dynamic process that occurs during the course of disease due to the different environmental signals related to pathophysiological conditions. In this regard, an adequate transition from the proinflammatory to the anti-inflammatory response is necessary to counteract retinal neurodegeneration and its subsequent damage that leads to the loss of visual function. Insulin like-growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has been considered as a pleiotropic factor in the retina under health or disease conditions and several effects of IGF-1 in retinal immune modulation have been described. In this review, we provide recent insights of inflammation as a common feature of retinal diseases (AMD, RP and RD) highlighting the role of microglia, exosomes and IGF-1 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Arroba
- Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBm) (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), University Hospital "Puerta del Mar", Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Campos-Caro
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), University Hospital "Puerta del Mar", Cádiz, Spain
| | - Manuel Aguilar-Diosdado
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), University Hospital "Puerta del Mar", Cádiz, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), University Hospital "Puerta del Mar", Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBm) (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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