101
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Jiang L, Yu L, Zhang X, Lei F, Wang L, Liu X, Wu S, Zhu J, Wu G, Cao L, Liu A, Song L, Li J. miR-892b Silencing Activates NF-κB and Promotes Aggressiveness in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1101-11. [PMID: 26747895 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The strength and duration of NF-κB signaling is tightly controlled at multiple levels under physiologic conditions, but the mechanism underlying constitutive activation of the NF-κB pathway in cancer remains unclear. In this study, we investigated miRNA-mediated regulation of the NF-κB cascade in breast cancer. We report that miR-892b expression was significantly downregulated in human breast cancer specimens and correlated with poor patient survival. Overexpression of miR-892b in breast cancer cells significantly decreased tumor growth, metastatic capacity, and the ability to induce angiogenesis, whereas miR-892b depletion enhanced these properties, in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrate that miR-892b attenuated NF-κB signaling by directly targeting and suppressing multiple mediators of NF-κB, including TRAF2, TAK1, and TAB3, and thus, miR-892b silencing in breast cancer cells sustains NF-κB activity. Moreover, miR-892b downregulation was attributed to aberrant hypermethylation of its promoter. Taken together, our results provide insight into a new mechanism by which NF-κB signaling becomes constitutively activated in breast cancer and suggest a tumor-suppressive role for miR-829b, prompting further investigation into miRNA mimics for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Vascular and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangyong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangxia Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinrong Zhu
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Geyan Wu
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixue Cao
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Aibin Liu
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Libing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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102
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Knol-Blankevoort VT, Mezzanotte L, Rabelink MJWE, Löwik CWGM, Kaijzel EL. Development of a Multicolor Bioluminescence Imaging Platform to Simultaneously Investigate Transcription Factor NF-κB Signaling and Apoptosis. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1461:255-70. [PMID: 27424911 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3813-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a novel multicolor bioluminescent imaging platform that enables us to simultaneously investigate transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling and apoptosis. We genetically modified the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 to express green, red, and blue light-emitting luciferases to monitor cell number and viability, NF-κB promoter activity, and to enable specific cell sorting and detection, respectively. Z-DEVD-animoluciferin, the pro-luciferin substrate, was used to determine apoptotic caspase 3/7 activity. We used this multicolored cell line for the in vitro evaluation of natural compounds and in vivo optical imaging of tumor necrosis factor (TNFα)-induced NF-κB activation (Mezzanotte et al., PLoS One 9:e85550, 2014).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky T Knol-Blankevoort
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J W E Rabelink
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens W G M Löwik
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eric L Kaijzel
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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103
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Es-Haghi M, Soltanian S, Dehghani H. Perspective: Cooperation of Nanog, NF-κΒ, and CXCR4 in a regulatory network for directed migration of cancer stem cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1559-65. [PMID: 26715265 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed cell migration is a crucial mobility phase of cancer stem cells having stemness and tumorigenic characteristics. It is known that CXCR4 plays key roles in the perception of chemotactic gradients throughout the directed migration of CSCs. There are a number of complex signaling pathways and transcription factors that coordinate with CXCR4/CXCL12 axis during directed migration. In this review, we focus on some transcription factors such as Nanog, NF-κB, and Bmi-1 that cooperate with CXCR4/CXCL12 for the maintenance of stemness and induction of metastasis behavior in cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Es-Haghi
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Soltanian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hesam Dehghani
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. .,Embryonic and Stem Cell Biology and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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104
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Yang J, Hou Y, Zhou M, Wen S, Zhou J, Xu L, Tang X, Du YE, Hu P, Liu M. Twist induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell motility in breast cancer via ITGB1-FAK/ILK signaling axis and its associated downstream network. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 71:62-71. [PMID: 26693891 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Twist, a highly conserved basic Helix-Loop-Helix transcription factor, functions as a major regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor metastasis. In different cell models, signaling pathways such as TGF-β, MAPK/ERK, WNT, AKT, JAK/STAT, Notch, and P53 have also been shown to play key roles in the EMT process, yet little is known about the signaling pathways regulated by Twist in tumor cells. Using iTRAQ-labeling combined with 2D LC-MS/MS analysis, we identified 194 proteins with significant changes of expression in MCF10A-Twist cells. These proteins reportedly play roles in EMT, cell junction organization, cell adhesion, and cell migration and invasion. ECM-receptor interaction, MAPK, PI3K/AKT, P53 and WNT signaling were found to be aberrantly activated in MCF10A-Twist cells. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis showed that integrin β1 (ITGB1) acts as a core regulator in linking integrin-linked kinase (ILK), Focal-adhesion kinase (FAK), MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, and WNT signaling. Increased Twist and ITGB1 are associated with breast tumor progression. Twist transcriptionally regulates ITGB1 expression. Over-expression of ITGB1 or Twist in MCF10A led to EMT, activation of FAK/ILK, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, and WNT signaling. Knockdown of Twist or ITGB1 in BT549 and Hs578T cells decreased activity of FAK, ILK, and their downstream signaling, thus specifically impeding EMT and cell invasion. Knocking down ILK or inhibiting FAK, MAPK/ERK, or PI3K/AKT signaling also suppressed Twist-driven EMT and cell invasion. Thus, the Twist-ITGB1-FAK/ILK pathway and their downstream signaling network dictate the Twist-induced EMT process in human mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yixuan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mingli Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Siyang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan-E Du
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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105
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Zhao S, Wang Q, Li Z, Ma X, Wu L, Ji H, Qin G. LDOC1 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis by repressing NF-κB activation in papillary thyroid carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:146. [PMID: 26637328 PMCID: PMC4670541 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background The incidence of thyroid cancer has progressively increased over the past few decades, and the most frequent types of this cancer are papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and small primary tumors. In PTC, oncogene activation is known to occur at a high frequency. However, the potential roles of tumor suppressor genes in thyroid carcinogenesis remain unclear. LDOC1 was first identified as a gene encoding a leucine zipper protein whose expression was decreased in a series of pancreatic and gastric cancer cell lines. In this study, we aimed to determine the status of LDOC1 in PTC and identify its mechanistic role in PTC pathogenesis. Methods LDOC1 expression was evaluated in fresh samples and stored specimens of human PTC and contralateral normal tissues by performing quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. The correlation to nuclear p65 content in the stored specimens was analyzed. Moreover, the basal level of LDOC1 in two human PTC-derived cell lines (BCPAP and TPC-1) compared with normal thyroid tissue was determined. Human LDOC1 cDNA was inserted into a lentiviral vector and transduced into TPC-1 cells. TPC-1 cells overexpressing LDOC1/GFP (Lv-LDOC1) or negative control GFP (Lv-NC) were stimulated with TNFα or recombinant TGF-β1, and then cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis were assessed. Western blotting was used to examine the expression of p65, IκBα, c-Myc, Bax, and Bcl-xL, and a luciferase reporter assay was used to measure NF-κB activity stimulated by TNFα. Statistical significance was determined using Student’s t tests or ANOVA and Newman-Keuls multiple comparison tests. Pearson chi-square test was used to analyze possible associations. Results LDOC1 expression was significantly downregulated in PTC specimens as compared with the expression in normal thyroid tissues, and this downregulation was associated with an increase in tumor size (P < 0.05). There is a correlation between LDOC1 and nuclear P65 expression in human PTC tissues (P < 0.01). Lentivirus-mediated restoration of LDOC1 expression in TPC-1 cells characterized by low level of LDOC1 expression suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB activation, and LDOC1-overexpressing TPC-1 cells recovered responsiveness to TGF-β1 antiproliferative signaling. Conclusions LDOC1 might function as a tumor suppressor gene in PTC by inhibiting NF-κΒ signaling, and thus might represent a promising therapeutic target in patients with PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiying Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Qingzhu Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Zhizhen Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Lina Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Hongfei Ji
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Guijun Qin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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106
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Maroni D, Rana S, Mukhopadhyay C, Natarajan A, Naramura M. A quinoxaline urea analog uncouples inflammatory and pro-survival functions of IKKβ. Immunol Lett 2015; 168:319-24. [PMID: 26518140 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the NF-κB pathway is causally linked to initiation and progression of diverse cancers. Therefore, IKKβ, the key regulatory kinase of the canonical NF-κB pathway, should be a logical target for cancer treatment. However, existing IKKβ inhibitors are known to induce paradoxical immune activation, which limits their clinical usefulness. Recently, we identified a quinoxaline urea analog 13-197 as a novel IKKβ inhibitor that delays tumor growth without significant adverse effects in xenograft tumor models. In the present study, we found that 13-197 had little effect on LPS-induced NF-κB target gene induction by primary mouse macrophages while maintaining considerable anti-proliferative activities. These characteristics may explain absence of inflammatory side effects in animals treated with 13-197. Our data also demonstrate that the inflammation and proliferation-related functions of IKKβ can be uncoupled, and highlight the utility of 13-197 to dissect these downstream pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Maroni
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sandeep Rana
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Chandrani Mukhopadhyay
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mayumi Naramura
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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107
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Wee ZN, Yatim SMJM, Kohlbauer VK, Feng M, Goh JY, Bao Y, Yi B, Lee PL, Zhang S, Wang PP, Lim E, Tam WL, Cai Y, Ditzel HJ, Hoon DSB, Tan EY, Yu Q. IRAK1 is a therapeutic target that drives breast cancer metastasis and resistance to paclitaxel. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8746. [PMID: 26503059 PMCID: PMC4640083 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic tumour recurrence due to failed treatments remains a major challenge of breast cancer clinical management. Here we report that interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) is overexpressed in a subset of breast cancers, in particular triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), where it acts to drive aggressive growth, metastasis and acquired resistance to paclitaxel treatment. We show that IRAK1 overexpression confers TNBC growth advantage through NF-κB-related cytokine secretion and metastatic TNBC cells exhibit gain of IRAK1 dependency, resulting in high susceptibility to genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of IRAK1. Importantly, paclitaxel treatment induces strong IRAK1 phosphorylation, an increase in inflammatory cytokine expression, enrichment of cancer stem cells and acquired resistance to paclitaxel treatment. Pharmacologic inhibition of IRAK1 is able to reverse paclitaxel resistance by triggering massive apoptosis at least in part through inhibiting p38-MCL1 pro-survival pathway. Our study thus demonstrates IRAK1 as a promising therapeutic target for TNBC metastasis and paclitaxel resistance. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients often acquire resistant to chemotherapy. In this study, the authors identify the IRAK1 as the crucial driver of NF-κB-related cytokine secretion involved in TNBC metastasis and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ning Wee
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 60 Biopolis Street, 02-01, Biopolis 138672, Singapore
| | - Siti Maryam J M Yatim
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 60 Biopolis Street, 02-01, Biopolis 138672, Singapore
| | - Vera K Kohlbauer
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 60 Biopolis Street, 02-01, Biopolis 138672, Singapore
| | - Min Feng
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 60 Biopolis Street, 02-01, Biopolis 138672, Singapore
| | - Jian Yuan Goh
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 60 Biopolis Street, 02-01, Biopolis 138672, Singapore
| | - Yi Bao
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 60 Biopolis Street, 02-01, Biopolis 138672, Singapore
| | - Bao Yi
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 60 Biopolis Street, 02-01, Biopolis 138672, Singapore
| | - Puay Leng Lee
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 60 Biopolis Street, 02-01, Biopolis 138672, Singapore
| | - Songjing Zhang
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 60 Biopolis Street, 02-01, Biopolis 138672, Singapore
| | - Pan Pan Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Elgene Lim
- The Kinghorn Cancer Center, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Wai Leong Tam
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 60 Biopolis Street, 02-01, Biopolis 138672, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Yu Cai
- Cancer Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Henrik J Ditzel
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Dave S B Hoon
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California 90404, USA
| | - Ern Yu Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Qiang Yu
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 60 Biopolis Street, 02-01, Biopolis 138672, Singapore.,Cancer Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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108
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Barham W, Chen L, Tikhomirov O, Onishko H, Gleaves L, Stricker TP, Blackwell TS, Yull FE. Aberrant activation of NF-κB signaling in mammary epithelium leads to abnormal growth and ductal carcinoma in situ. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:647. [PMID: 26424146 PMCID: PMC4590702 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 1 in 5 women diagnosed with breast cancer are considered to have in situ disease, most often termed ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Though recognized as a risk factor for the development of more invasive cancer, it remains unclear what factors contribute to DCIS development. It has been shown that inflammation contributes to the progression of a variety of tumor types, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is recognized as a master-regulator of inflammatory signaling. However, the contributions of NF-κB signaling to tumor initiation are less well understood. Aberrant up-regulation of NF-κB activity, either systemically or locally within the breast, could occur due to a variety of commonly experienced stimuli such as acute infection, obesity, or psychological stress. In this study, we seek to determine if activation of NF-κB in mammary epithelium could play a role in the formation of hyperplastic ductal lesions. METHODS Our studies utilize a doxycycline-inducible transgenic mouse model in which constitutively active IKKβ is expressed specifically in mammary epithelium. All previously published models of NF-κB modulation in the virgin mammary gland have been constitutive models, with transgene or knock-out present throughout the life and development of the animal. For the first time, we will induce activation at later time points after normal ducts have formed, thus being able to determine if NF-κB activation can promote pre-malignant changes in previously normal mammary epithelium. RESULTS We found that even a short pulse of NF-κB activation could induce profound remodeling of mammary ductal structures. Short-term activation created hyperproliferative, enlarged ducts with filled lumens. Increased expression of inflammatory markers was concurrent with the down-regulation of hormone receptors and markers of epithelial differentiation. Furthermore, the oncoprotein mucin 1, known to be up-regulated in human and mouse DCIS, was over-expressed and mislocalized in the activated ductal tissue. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that aberrant NF-κB activation within mammary epithelium can lead to molecular and morphological changes consistent with the earliest stages of breast cancer. Thus, inhibition of NF-κB signaling following acute inflammation or the initial signs of hyperplastic ductal growth could represent an important opportunity for breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Barham
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 23rd Ave S and Pierce PRB 325, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Lianyi Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 23rd Ave S and Pierce PRB 325, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Oleg Tikhomirov
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 23rd Ave S and Pierce PRB 325, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Halina Onishko
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 23rd Ave S and Pierce PRB 325, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Linda Gleaves
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Thomas P Stricker
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, 691 Preston Building, 2220 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Fiona E Yull
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 23rd Ave S and Pierce PRB 325, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, 691 Preston Building, 2220 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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109
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Voutsadakis IA. The network of pluripotency, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and prognosis of breast cancer. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2015; 7:303-19. [PMID: 26379447 PMCID: PMC4567227 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s71163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading female cancer in terms of prevalence. Progress in molecular biology has brought forward a better understanding of its pathogenesis that has led to better prognostication and treatment. Subtypes of breast cancer have been identified at the genomic level and guide therapeutic decisions based on their biology and the expected benefit from various interventions. Despite this progress, a significant percentage of patients die from their disease and further improvements are needed. The cancer stem cell theory and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition are two comparatively novel concepts that have been introduced in the area of cancer research and are actively investigated. Both processes have their physiologic roots in normal development and common mediators have begun to surface. This review discusses the associations of these networks as a prognostic framework in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada ; Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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110
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NF-κB signaling in cancer stem cells: a promising therapeutic target? Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 38:327-39. [PMID: 26318853 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are regulated by several signaling pathways that ultimately control their maintenance and expansion. NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) forms a protein complex that controls DNA transcription and, as such, plays an important role in proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. The NF-κB signaling pathway, which has been found to be constitutively activated in CSCs from a variety of cancers, participates in the maintenance, expansion, proliferation and survival of CSCs. Targeted disruption of this pathway may profoundly impair the adverse phenotype of CSCs and may provide a therapeutic opportunity to remove the CSC fraction. In particular, it may be attractive to use specific NF-κB inhibitors in chronic therapeutic schemes to reduce disease progression. Exceptional low toxicity profiles of these inhibitors are a prerequisite for use in combined treatment regimens and to avoid resistance. CONCLUSION Although still preliminary, recent evidence shows that such targeted strategies may be useful in adjuvant chemo-preventive settings.
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Liu P, Wang Z, Brown S, Kannappan V, Tawari PE, Jiang W, Irache JM, Tang JZ, Armesilla AL, Darling JL, Tang X, Wang W. Liposome encapsulated Disulfiram inhibits NFκB pathway and targets breast cancer stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2015; 5:7471-85. [PMID: 25277186 PMCID: PMC4202137 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are pan-resistant to different anticancer agents and responsible for cancer relapse. Disulfiram (DS), an antialcoholism drug, targets CSCs and reverses pan-chemoresistance. The anticancer application of DS is limited by its very short half-life in the bloodstream. This prompted us to develop a liposome-encapsulated DS (Lipo-DS) and examine its anticancer effect and mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. The relationship between hypoxia and CSCs was examined by in vitro comparison of BC cells cultured in spheroid and hypoxic conditions. To determine the importance of NFκB activation in bridging hypoxia and CSC-related pan-resistance, the CSC characters and drug sensitivity in BC cell lines were observed in NFκB p65 transfected cell lines. The effect of Lipo-DS on the NFκB pathway, CSCs and chemosensitivity was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The spheroid cultured BC cells manifested CSC characteristics and pan-resistance to anticancer drugs. This was related to the hypoxic condition in the spheres. Hypoxia induced activation of NFκB and chemoresistance. Transfection of BC cells with NFκB p65 also induced CSC characters and pan-resistance. Lipo-DS blocked NFκB activation and specifically targeted CSCs in vitro. Lipo-DS also targeted the CSC population in vivo and showed very strong anticancer efficacy. Mice tolerated the treatment very well and no significant in vivo nonspecific toxicity was observed. Hypoxia induced NFκB activation is responsible for stemness and chemoresistance in BCSCs. Lipo-DS targets NFκB pathway and CSCs. Further study may translate DS into cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Sarah Brown
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Vinodh Kannappan
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Patricia Erebi Tawari
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Wenguo Jiang
- Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Juan M Irache
- School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - James Z Tang
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Angel L Armesilla
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - John L Darling
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Xing Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiguang Wang
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
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112
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Redox Regulation in Cancer Stem Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:750798. [PMID: 26273424 PMCID: PMC4529979 DOI: 10.1155/2015/750798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-dependent (redox regulation) signaling pathways and transcriptional activities are thought to be critical in stem cell self-renewal and differentiation during growth and organogenesis. Aberrant ROS burst and dysregulation of those ROS-dependent cellular processes are strongly associated with human diseases including many cancers. ROS levels are elevated in cancer cells partially due to their higher metabolism rate. In the past 15 years, the concept of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been gaining ground as the subpopulation of cancer cells with stem cell-like properties and characteristics have been identified in various cancers. CSCs possess low levels of ROS and are responsible for cancer recurrence after chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Unfortunately, how CSCs control ROS production and scavenging and how ROS-dependent signaling pathways contribute to CSCs function remain poorly understood. This review focuses on the role of redox balance, especially in ROS-dependent cellular processes in cancer stem cells (CSCs). We updated recent advances in our understanding of ROS generation and elimination in CSCs and their effects on CSC self-renewal and differentiation through modulating signaling pathways and transcriptional activities. The review concludes that targeting CSCs by manipulating ROS metabolism/dependent pathways may be an effective approach for improving cancer treatment.
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113
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Antioxidant Mechanisms and ROS-Related MicroRNAs in Cancer Stem Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:425708. [PMID: 26064420 PMCID: PMC4429193 DOI: 10.1155/2015/425708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that most of the tumors are sustained by a distinct population of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are responsible for growth, metastasis, invasion, and recurrence. CSCs are typically characterized by self-renewal, the key biological process allowing continuous tumor proliferation, as well as by differentiation potential, which leads to the formation of the bulk of the tumor mass. CSCs have several advantages over the differentiated cancer cell populations, including the resistance to radio- and chemotherapy, and their gene-expression programs have been shown to correlate with poor clinical outcome, further supporting the relevance of stemness properties in cancer. The observation that CSCs possess enhanced mechanisms of protection from reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced stress and a different metabolism from the differentiated part of the tumor has paved the way to develop drugs targeting CSC specific signaling. In this review, we describe the role of ROS and of ROS-related microRNAs in the establishment and maintenance of self-renewal and differentiation capacities of CSCs.
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114
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Bradford JW, Baldwin AS. IKK/nuclear factor-kappaB and oncogenesis: roles in tumor-initiating cells and in the tumor microenvironment. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 121:125-145. [PMID: 24889530 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800249-0.00003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The IKK/nuclear factor-kappaB pathway (NF-κB) is critical in proper immune function, cell survival, apoptosis, cellular proliferation, synaptic plasticity, and even memory. While NF-κB is crucial for both innate and adaptive immunity, defective regulation of this master transcriptional regulator is seen in a variety of diseases including autoimmune disease, neurodegenerative disease, and, important to this review, cancer. While NF-κB functions in cancer to promote a number of critical oncogenic functions, here we discuss the importance of the NF-κB signaling pathway in contributing to cancer through promotion of the tumor microenvironment and through maintenance/expansion of tumor-initiating cells, processes that appear to be functionally interrelated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W Bradford
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Albert S Baldwin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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115
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Wahler J, So JY, Cheng LC, Maehr H, Uskokovic M, Suh N. Vitamin D compounds reduce mammosphere formation and decrease expression of putative stem cell markers in breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 148:148-55. [PMID: 25445919 PMCID: PMC4361333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a subset of tumor cells that are believed to be the cells responsible for the establishment and maintenance of tumors. Moreover, BCSCs are suggested to be the main cause of progression to metastasis and recurrence of cancer because of their tumor-initiating abilities and resistance to conventional therapies. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is an early precursor in breast carcinogenesis which progresses to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). We have previously reported that a vitamin D compound, BXL0124, inhibits the progression of DCIS to IDC. In the present study we sought to determine whether this effect was mediated through an influence on BCSCs. In MCF10DCIS cells treated with vitamin D compounds (1α25(OH)2D3 or BXL0124), the breast cancer stem cell-like population, identified by the CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) and CD49f(+)/CD24(-/low) subpopulations, was reduced. To determine the effects of vitamin D compounds on cancer stem cell activity, the MCF10DCIS mammosphere cell culture system, which enriches for mammary progenitor cells and putative BCSCs, was utilized. Untreated MCF10DCIS mammospheres showed a disorganized and irregular shape. When MCF10DCIS cells were treated with 1α25(OH)2D3 or BXL0124, the mammospheres that formed exhibited a more organized, symmetrical and circular shape, similar to the appearance of spheres formed by the non-malignant, normal mammary epithelial cell line, MCF10A. The mammosphere forming efficiency (MFE) was significantly decreased upon treatment with 1α25(OH)2D3 or BXL0124, indicating that these compounds have an inhibitory effect on mammosphere development. Treatment with 1α25(OH)2D3 or BXL0124 repressed markers associated with the stem cell-like phenotype, such as CD44, CD49f, c-Notch1, and pNFκB. Furthermore, 1α25(OH)2D3 and BXL0124 reduced the expression of pluripotency markers, OCT4 and KLF-4 in mammospheres. This study suggests that vitamin D compounds repress the breast cancer stem cell-like population, potentially contributing to their inhibition of breast cancer. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '17th Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wahler
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jae Young So
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Larry C Cheng
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Hubert Maehr
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Milan Uskokovic
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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116
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Indira Chandran V, Eppenberger-Castori S, Venkatesh T, Vine KL, Ranson M. HER2 and uPAR cooperativity contribute to metastatic phenotype of HER2-positive breast cancer. Oncoscience 2015; 2:207-24. [PMID: 25897424 PMCID: PMC4394126 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)-positive breast carcinoma is highly aggressive and mostly metastatic in nature though curable/manageable in part by molecular targeted therapy. Recent evidence suggests a subtype of cells within HER2-positive breast tumors that concomitantly expresses the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) with inherent stem cell/mesenchymal-like properties promoting tumor cell motility and a metastatic phenotype. This HER-positive/uPAR-positive subtype may be partially responsible for the failure of HER2-targeted treatment strategies. Herein we discuss and substantiate the cumulative preclinical and clinical evidence on HER2-uPAR cooperativity in terms of gene co-amplification and/or mRNA/protein co-overexpression. We then propose a regulatory signaling model that we hypothesize to maintain upregulation and cooperativity between HER2 and uPAR in aggressive breast cancer. An improved understanding of the HER2/uPAR interaction in breast cancer will provide critical biomolecular information that may help better predict disease course and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineesh Indira Chandran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Thejaswini Venkatesh
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kara Lea Vine
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia ; Centre for Medical & Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia ; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Marie Ranson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia ; Centre for Medical & Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia ; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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117
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Chen C, Cao F, Bai L, Liu Y, Xie J, Wang W, Si Q, Yang J, Chang A, Liu D, Liu D, Chuang TH, Xiang R, Luo Y. IKKβ Enforces a LIN28B/TCF7L2 Positive Feedback Loop That Promotes Cancer Cell Stemness and Metastasis. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1725-35. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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118
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Zhang B, Shimada Y, Kuroyanagi J, Ariyoshi M, Nomoto T, Shintou T, Umemoto N, Nishimura Y, Miyazaki T, Tanaka T. In vivo selective imaging and inhibition of leukemia stem-like cells using the fluorescent carbocyanine derivative, DiOC5(3). Biomaterials 2015; 52:14-25. [PMID: 25818410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Elimination of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) is necessary for the destruction of malignant cell populations. Owing to the very small number of LSCs in leukemia cells, xenotransplantation studies are difficult in terms of functionally and pathophysiologically replicating clinical conditions of cell culture experiments. There is currently a limited number of lead compounds that target LSCs. Using the LSC-xenograft zebrafish screening method we previously developed, we found that the fluorescent compound 3,3'-dipentyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC5(3)) selectively marked LSCs and suppressed their proliferation in vivo and in vitro. DiOC5(3) had no obvious toxicity to human umbilical cord blood CD34+ progenitor cells and normal zebrafish. It accumulated in mitochondria through organic anion transporter polypeptides that are overexpressed in the plasma membrane of LSCs, and induced apoptosis via ROS overproduction. DiOC5(3) also inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB through the downregulation of LSC-selective pathways, as indicated from DNA microarray analysis. In summary, DiOC5(3) is a new type of anti-LSC compound available for diagnostic imaging and therapeutics that has the advantage of being a single fluorescent chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Junya Kuroyanagi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Michiko Ariyoshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nomoto
- Corporate R&D Headquarters, Canon Inc, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Taichi Shintou
- Corporate R&D Headquarters, Canon Inc, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Noriko Umemoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyazaki
- Corporate R&D Headquarters, Canon Inc, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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Abstract
The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway exhibits both tumour-promoting and tumour-suppressing functions in different tissues and models of carcinogenesis. In particular in epidermal keratinocytes, NF-κB signalling was reported to exert primarily growth inhibitory and tumour-suppressing functions. Here, we show that mice with keratinocyte-restricted p65/RelA deficiency were resistant to 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-/12-O-tetra decanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA)-induced skin carcinogenesis. p65 deficiency sensitized epidermal keratinocytes to DNA damage-induced death in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that inhibition of p65-dependent prosurvival functions prevented tumour initiation by facilitating the elimination of cells carrying damaged DNA. In addition, lack of p65 strongly inhibited TPA-induced epidermal hyperplasia and skin inflammation by suppressing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by epidermal keratinocytes. Therefore, p65-dependent NF-κB signalling in keratinocytes promotes DMBA-/TPA-induced skin carcinogenesis by protecting keratinocytes from DNA damage-induced death and facilitating the establishment of a tumour-nurturing proinflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Kim
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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120
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Wang W, Nag SA, Zhang R. Targeting the NFκB signaling pathways for breast cancer prevention and therapy. Curr Med Chem 2015; 22:264-89. [PMID: 25386819 PMCID: PMC6690202 DOI: 10.2174/0929867321666141106124315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NFκB), a proinflammatory transcription factor, is a commonly observed phenomenon in breast cancer. It facilitates the development of a hormone-independent, invasive, high-grade, and late-stage tumor phenotype. Moreover, the commonly used cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy approaches activate NFκB, leading to the development of invasive breast cancers that show resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy. Inhibition of NFκB results in an increase in the sensitivity of cancer cells to the apoptotic effects of chemotherapeutic agents and radiation and restoring hormone sensitivity, which is correlated with increased disease-free survival in patients with breast cancer. In this review article, we focus on the role of the NFκB signaling pathways in the development and progression of breast cancer and the validity of NFκB as a potential target for breast cancer prevention and therapy. We also discuss the recent findings that NFκB may have tumor suppressing activity in certain cancer types. Finally, this review also covers the state-of-the-art development of NFκB inhibitors for cancer therapy and prevention, the challenges in targeting validation, and pharmacology and toxicology evaluations of these agents from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
- Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Subhasree A. Nag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
- Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
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121
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Selbo PK, Bostad M, Olsen CE, Edwards VT, Høgset A, Weyergang A, Berg K. Photochemical internalisation, a minimally invasive strategy for light-controlled endosomal escape of cancer stem cell-targeting therapeutics. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:1433-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00027k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite progress in radio-, chemo- and photodynamic-therapy (PDT) of cancer, treatment resistance still remains a major problem for patients with aggressive tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål Kristian Selbo
- Department of Radiation Biology
- Institute for Cancer Research
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital
- Oslo University Hospital
- Montebello
| | - Monica Bostad
- Department of Radiation Biology
- Institute for Cancer Research
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital
- Oslo University Hospital
- Montebello
| | - Cathrine Elisabeth Olsen
- Department of Radiation Biology
- Institute for Cancer Research
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital
- Oslo University Hospital
- Montebello
| | - Victoria Tudor Edwards
- Department of Radiation Biology
- Institute for Cancer Research
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital
- Oslo University Hospital
- Montebello
| | - Anders Høgset
- Cancer Stem Cell Innovation Center (SFI-CAST)
- Institute for Cancer Research
- Norwegian Radium Hospital
- Oslo University Hospital
- Oslo
| | - Anette Weyergang
- Department of Radiation Biology
- Institute for Cancer Research
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital
- Oslo University Hospital
- Montebello
| | - Kristian Berg
- Department of Radiation Biology
- Institute for Cancer Research
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital
- Oslo University Hospital
- Montebello
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122
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(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits nasopharyngeal cancer stem cell self-renewal and migration and reverses the epithelial–mesenchymal transition via NF-κB p65 inactivation. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:2747-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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123
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Mukherjee S, Saha S, Manna A, Mazumdar M, Chakraborty S, Paul S, Das T. Targeting Cancer Stem Cells by Phytochemicals: a Multimodal Approach to Colorectal Cancer. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-014-0251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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124
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Wamsley JJ, Kumar M, Allison DF, Clift SH, Holzknecht CM, Szymura SJ, Hoang SA, Xu X, Moskaluk CA, Jones DR, Bekiranov S, Mayo MW. Activin upregulation by NF-κB is required to maintain mesenchymal features of cancer stem-like cells in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 75:426-35. [PMID: 25432175 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Soluble growth factors and cytokines within the tumor microenvironment aid in the induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Although EMT promotes the development of cancer-initiating cells (CIC), cellular mechanisms by which cancer cells maintain mesenchymal phenotypes remain poorly understood. Work presented here indicates that induction of EMT stimulates non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to secrete soluble factors that function in an autocrine fashion. Using gene expression profiling of all annotated and predicted secreted gene products, we find that NF-κB activity is required to upregulate INHBA/Activin, a morphogen in the TGFβ superfamily. INHBA is capable of inducing and maintaining mesenchymal phenotypes, including the expression of EMT master-switch regulators and self-renewal factors that sustain CIC phenotypes and promote lung metastasis. Our work demonstrates that INHBA mRNA and protein expression are commonly elevated in primary human NSCLC and provide evidence that INHBA is a critical autocrine factor that maintains mesenchymal properties of CICs to promote metastasis in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jacob Wamsley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - David F Allison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Sheena H Clift
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Caitlyn M Holzknecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Szymon J Szymura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Stephen A Hoang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Xiaojiang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - David R Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Stefan Bekiranov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Marty W Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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Mou W, Xu Y, Ye Y, Chen S, Li X, Gong K, Liu Y, Chen Y, Li X, Tian Y, Xiang R, Li N. Expression of Sox2 in breast cancer cells promotes the recruitment of M2 macrophages to tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2014; 358:115-123. [PMID: 25444903 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional factor Sox2 promotes tumor metastasis; however its regulatory effect on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs, M2 phenotype) has not been defined. This study disclosed concomitant expression of TAMs marker-CD163 with SOX2 in human breast cancer and showed that Sox2 in breast cancer cells promotes recruitment of TAMs with altered expression of multiple chemokines, including MIP-1α, ICAM-1 etc. and activation of Stat3 and NF-κB signalings. In addition, TAMs rescued the compromised lung metastasis induced by Sox2 silencing in breast cancer cells. Together, this study documented that Sox2 plays an important role in recruiting TAMs and promotes tumor metastasis in a TAMs dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Mou
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China; Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China; Department of Biochemistry, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yingxi Xu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yujie Ye
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Si Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Beijing Health Vocational College, 94 Nanhengxijie Street, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Kangzi Gong
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiru Li
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yaping Tian
- Department of Biochemistry, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Tianjin 300071, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Tianjin 300071, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Paranjape AN, Balaji SA, Mandal T, Krushik EV, Nagaraj P, Mukherjee G, Rangarajan A. Bmi1 regulates self-renewal and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells through Nanog. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:785. [PMID: 25348805 PMCID: PMC4223733 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Bmi1 polycomb ring finger oncogene, a transcriptional repressor belonging to the Polycomb group of proteins plays an important role in the regulation of stem cell self-renewal and is elevated in several cancers. In the current study, we have explored the role of Bmi1 in regulating the stemness and drug resistance of breast cancer cells. Methods Using real time PCR and immunohistochemistry primary breast tissues were analyzed. Retro- and lentiviruses were utilized to overexpress and knockdown Bmi1, RT-PCR and Western blot was performed to evaluate mRNA and protein expression. Stemness properties were analyzed by flow cytometry and sphere-formation and tumor formation was determined by mouse xenograft experiments. Dual luciferase assay was employed to assess promoter activity and MTT assay was used to analyze drug response. Results We found Bmi1 overexpression in 64% of grade III invasive ductal breast adenocarcinomas compared to normal breast tissues. Bmi1 overexpression in immortalized and transformed breast epithelial cells increased their sphere-forming efficiency, induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) with an increase in the expression of stemness-related genes. Knockdown of Bmi1 in tumorigenic breast cells induced epithelial morphology, reduced expression of stemness-related genes, decreased the IC50 values of doxorubicin and abrogated tumor-formation. Bmi1-high tumors showed elevated Nanog expression whereas the tumors with lower Bmi1 showed reduced Nanog levels. Overexpression of Bmi1 increased Nanog levels whereas knockdown of Bmi1 reduced its expression. Dual luciferase promoter-reporter assay revealed Bmi1 positively regulated the Nanog and NFκB promoter activity. RT-PCR analysis showed that Bmi1 overexpression activated the NFκB pathway whereas Bmi1 knockdown reduced the expression of NFκB target genes, suggesting that Bmi1 might regulate Nanog expression through the NFκB pathway. Conclusions Our study showed that Bmi1 is overexpressed in several high-grade, invasive ductal breast adenocarcinomas, thus supporting its role as a prognostic marker. While Bmi1 overexpression increased self-renewal and promoted EMT, its knockdown reversed EMT, reduced stemness, and rendered cells drug sensitive, thus highlighting a crucial role for Bmi1 in regulating the stemness and drug response of breast cancer cells. Bmi1 may control self-renewal through the regulation of Nanog expression via the NFκB pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-785) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India.
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Bao B, Azmi AS, Ali S, Zaiem F, Sarkar FH. Metformin may function as anti-cancer agent via targeting cancer stem cells: the potential biological significance of tumor-associated miRNAs in breast and pancreatic cancers. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2014; 2:59. [PMID: 25333034 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.06.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is one of the most used diabetic drugs for the management of type II diabetes mellitus (DM) in the world. Increased numbers of epidemiological and clinical studies have provided convincing evidence supporting the role of metformin in the development and progression of a variety of human tumors including breast and pancreatic cancer. Substantial pre-clinical evidence from in vitro and in vivo experimental studies strongly suggests that metformin has an anti-cancer activity mediated through the regulation of several cell signaling pathways including activation of AMP kinase (AMPK), and other direct and indirect mechanisms; however, the detailed mechanism(s) has not yet been fully understood. The concept of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has gained significant attention in recent years due its identification and defining its clinical implications in many different tumors including breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. In this review, we will discuss the protective role of metformin in the development of breast and pancreatic cancers. We will further discuss the role of metformin as an anti-cancer agent, which is in part mediated through targeting CSCs. Finally, we will discuss the potential role of metformin in the modulation of tumor-associated or CSC-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) as part of the novel mechanism of action of metformin in the development and progression of breast and pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Bao
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Shadan Ali
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Feras Zaiem
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Fazlul H Sarkar
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Radiosensitization by a novel Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL inhibitor S44563 in small-cell lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1423. [PMID: 25232677 PMCID: PMC4540189 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy has a critical role in the treatment of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The effectiveness of radiation in SCLC remains limited as resistance results from defects in apoptosis. In the current study, we investigated whether using the Bcl-2/Bcl-XL inhibitor S44563 can enhance radiosensitivity of SCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies confirmed that S44563 caused SCLC cells to acquire hallmarks of apoptosis. S44563 markedly enhanced the sensitivity of SCLC cells to radiation, as determined by a clonogenic assay. The combination of S44563 and cisplatin-based chemo-radiation showed a significant tumor growth delay and increased overall survival in mouse xenograft models. This positive interaction was greater when S44563 was given after the completion of the radiation, which might be explained by the radiation-induced overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins secondary to activation of the NF-κB pathway. These data underline the possibility of combining IR and Bcl-2/Bcl-XL inhibition in the treatment of SCLC as they underscore the importance of administering conventional and targeted therapies in an optimal sequence.
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129
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Zinzi L, Contino M, Cantore M, Capparelli E, Leopoldo M, Colabufo NA. ABC transporters in CSCs membranes as a novel target for treating tumor relapse. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:163. [PMID: 25071581 PMCID: PMC4091306 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CSCs are responsible for the high rate of recurrence and chemoresistance of different types of cancer. The current antineoplastic agents able to inhibit bulk replicating cancer cells and radiation treatment are not efficacious toward CSCs since this subpopulation has several intrinsic mechanisms of resistance. Among these mechanisms, the expression of ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters family and the activation of different signaling pathways (such as Wnt/β-catenin signaling, Hedgehog, Notch, Akt/PKB) are reported. Therefore, considering ABC transporters expression on CSCs membranes, compounds able to modulate MDR could induce cytotoxicity in these cells disclosing an exciting and alternative strategy for targeting CSCs in tumor therapy. The next challenge in the cure of cancer relapse may be a multimodal strategy, an approach where specific CSCs targeting drugs exert simultaneously the ability to circumvent tumor drug resistance (ABC transporters modulation) and cytotoxic activity toward CSCs and the corresponding differentiated tumor cells. The efficacy of suggested multimodal strategy could be probed by using several scaffolds active toward MDR pumps on CSCs isolated by tumor specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zinzi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Mariangela Cantore
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Biofordrug srl, Spin-off of University of Bari Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Capparelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy ; Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Biofordrug srl, Spin-off of University of Bari Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola A Colabufo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy ; Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Biofordrug srl, Spin-off of University of Bari Bari, Italy
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130
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Shen H, Zeng G, Tang G, Cai X, Bi L, Huang C, Yang Y. Antimetastatic effects of licochalcone A on oral cancer via regulating metastasis-associated proteases. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7467-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1985-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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131
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Luo H, Yang G, Yu T, Luo S, Wu C, Sun Y, Liu M, Tu G. GPER-mediated proliferation and estradiol production in breast cancer-associated fibroblasts. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:355-69. [PMID: 24481325 PMCID: PMC3959763 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are crucial co-mediators of breast cancer progression. Estrogen is the predominant driving force in the cyclic regulation of the mammary extracellular matrix, thus potentially affecting the tumor-associated stroma. Recently, a third estrogen receptor, estrogen (G-protein-coupled) receptor (GPER), has been reported to be expressed in breast CAFs. In this study, GPER was detected by immunohistochemical analysis in stromal fibroblasts of 41.8% (59/141) of the primary breast cancer samples. GPER expression in CAFs isolated from primary breast cancer tissues was confirmed by immunostaining and RT-PCR analyses. Tamoxifen (TAM) in addition to 17β-estradiol (E₂) and the GPER agonist G1 activated GPER, resulting in transient increases in cell index, intracellular calcium, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, TAM, E₂, and G1 promoted CAF proliferation and cell-cycle progression, both of which were blocked by GPER interference, the selective GPER antagonist G15, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor AG1478, and the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126. Importantly, TAM as well as G1 increased E₂ production in breast CAFs via GPER/EGFR/ERK signaling when the substrate of E₂, testosterone, was added to the medium. GPER-induced aromatase upregulation was probably responsible for this phenomenon, as TAM- and G1-induced CYP19A1 gene expression was reduced by GPER knockdown and G15, AG1478, and U0126 administration. Accordingly, GPER-mediated CAF-dependent estrogenic effects on the tumor-associated stroma are conceivable, and CAF is likely to contribute to breast cancer progression, especially TAM resistance, via a positive feedback loop involving GPER/EGFR/ERK signaling and E₂ production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guanglun Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityNo. 1 You-Yi Road, Yu-zhong District, Chongqing, 400010China
| | - Tenghua Yu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityNo. 1 You-Yi Road, Yu-zhong District, Chongqing, 400010China
| | - Shujuan Luo
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsChongqing Health Center for Women and ChildrenChongqing, 400010China
| | - Chengyi Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityNo. 1 You-Yi Road, Yu-zhong District, Chongqing, 400010China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityNo. 1 Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Yu-zhong District, Chongqing, 400016China
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityNo. 1 Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Yu-zhong District, Chongqing, 400016China
- Correspondence should be addressed to G Tu or M Liu Emails or
| | - Gang Tu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityNo. 1 You-Yi Road, Yu-zhong District, Chongqing, 400010China
- Correspondence should be addressed to G Tu or M Liu Emails or
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Liu B, Badeaux MD, Choy G, Chandra D, Shen I, Jeter CR, Rycaj K, Lee CF, Person MD, Liu C, Chen Y, Shen J, Jung SY, Qin J, Tang DG. Nanog1 in NTERA-2 and recombinant NanogP8 from somatic cancer cells adopt multiple protein conformations and migrate at multiple M.W species. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90615. [PMID: 24598770 PMCID: PMC3944193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Nanog1 is a 305-amino acid (aa) homeodomain-containing transcription factor critical for the pluripotency of embryonic stem (ES) and embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. Somatic cancer cells predominantly express a retrogene homolog of Nanog1 called NanogP8, which is ∼99% similar to Nanog at the aa level. Although the predicted M.W of Nanog1/NanogP8 is ∼35 kD, both have been reported to migrate, on Western blotting (WB), at apparent molecular masses of 29–80 kD. Whether all these reported protein bands represent authentic Nanog proteins is unclear. Furthermore, detailed biochemical studies on Nanog1/NanogpP8 have been lacking. By combining WB using 8 anti-Nanog1 antibodies, immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and studies using recombinant proteins, here we provide direct evidence that the Nanog1 protein in NTERA-2 EC cells exists as multiple M.W species from ∼22 kD to 100 kD with a major 42 kD band detectable on WB. We then demonstrate that recombinant NanogP8 (rNanogP8) proteins made in bacteria using cDNAs from multiple cancer cells also migrate, on denaturing SDS-PAGE, at ∼28 kD to 180 kD. Interestingly, different anti-Nanog1 antibodies exhibit differential reactivity towards rNanogP8 proteins, which can spontaneously form high M.W protein species. Finally, we show that most long-term cultured cancer cell lines seem to express very low levels of or different endogenous NanogP8 protein that cannot be readily detected by immunoprecipitation. Altogether, the current study reveals unique biochemical properties of Nanog1 in EC cells and NanogP8 in somatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bigang Liu
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mark D. Badeaux
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Grace Choy
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Irvin Shen
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Collene R. Jeter
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kiera Rycaj
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chia-Fang Lee
- College of Pharmacy, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maria D. Person
- College of Pharmacy, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yueping Chen
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jianjun Shen
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dean G. Tang
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, Texas, United States of America
- Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Han C, Zhao R, Liu X, Srivastava A, Gong L, Mao H, Qu M, Zhao W, Yu J, Wang QE. DDB2 suppresses tumorigenicity by limiting the cancer stem cell population in ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:784-94. [PMID: 24574518 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ovarian cancer is an extremely aggressive disease associated with a high percentage of tumor recurrence and chemotherapy resistance. Understanding the underlying mechanism of tumor relapse is crucial for effective therapy of ovarian cancer. DNA damage-binding protein 2 (DDB2) is a DNA repair factor mainly involved in nucleotide excision repair. Here, a novel role was identified for DDB2 in the tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer cells and the prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. Overexpressing DDB2 in human ovarian cancer cells suppressed its capability to recapitulate tumors in athymic nude mice. Mechanistic investigation demonstrated that DDB2 is able to reduce the cancer stem cell (CSC) population characterized with high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in ovarian cancer cells, probably through disrupting the self-renewal capacity of CSCs. Low DDB2 expression correlates with poor outcomes among patients with ovarian cancer, as revealed from the analysis of publicly available gene expression array datasets. Given the finding that DDB2 protein expression is low in ovarian tumor cells, enhancement of DDB2 expression is a promising strategy to eradicate CSCs and would help to halt ovarian cancer relapse. IMPLICATIONS DDB2 status has prognostic potential, and elevating its expression eradicates CSCs and could reduce ovarian cancer relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Han
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiology and 2Pathology; 3Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; and 4Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
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Tchoghandjian A, Jennewein C, Eckhardt I, Momma S, Figarella-Branger D, Fulda S. Smac mimetic promotes glioblastoma cancer stem-like cell differentiation by activating NF-κB. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:735-47. [PMID: 24488095 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a broader role of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins besides their antiapoptotic functions has been described. Therefore, we investigated the effect of non-toxic concentrations of the small-molecule Smac mimetic BV6, which antagonizes IAP proteins, on differentiation of cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) derived from primary glioblastoma (GBM) specimens. Here, we identify a novel function of BV6 in regulating differentiation of GBM CSLCs by activating NF-κB. BV6 at non-lethal doses stimulates morphological changes associated with the differentiation of GBM CSLCs. BV6 increases transcriptional activity, mRNA and protein levels of the astrocytic marker GFAP without altering expression of the neuronal marker β-III-tubulin, indicating that BV6 induces astrocytic differentiation of GBM CSLCs. Molecular studies reveal that BV6 triggers processing of the NF-κB subunit p100 to p52, nuclear translocation of p52 and p50 and increased NF-κB DNA-binding. Intriguingly, inhibition of NF-κB by overexpression of dominant-negative IκBα super-repressor (IκBα-SR) blocks the BV6-stimulated increase in GFAP and differentiation. Interestingly, this BV6-stimulated differentiation is associated with reduced expression of stemness markers such as CD133, Nanog and Sox2 in GBM CSLCs. In contrast, BV6 does not alter cell morphology, differentiation and expression of stemness markers in non-malignant neural stem cells. Importantly, BV6 treatment reduces clonogenicity of GBM CSLCs in vitro and in vivo, suppresses their tumorigenicity in orthotopic and subcutaneous mouse models and significantly increases the survival of mice. By identifying a novel role of BV6 in promoting differentiation of GBM CSLCs, these findings provide new insights into Smac mimetic-regulated non-apoptotic functions with important implications for targeting GBM CSLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tchoghandjian
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Komturstrasse 3a, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Jennewein
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Komturstrasse 3a, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - I Eckhardt
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Komturstrasse 3a, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Momma
- Institute of Neuropathology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - S Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Komturstrasse 3a, Frankfurt, Germany
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Xiang M, Birkbak NJ, Vafaizadeh V, Walker SR, Yeh JE, Liu S, Kroll Y, Boldin M, Taganov K, Groner B, Richardson AL, Frank DA. STAT3 induction of miR-146b forms a feedback loop to inhibit the NF-κB to IL-6 signaling axis and STAT3-driven cancer phenotypes. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra11. [PMID: 24473196 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6)-mediated activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a mechanism by which chronic inflammation can contribute to cancer and is a common oncogenic event. We discovered a pathway, the loss of which is associated with persistent STAT3 activation in human cancer. We found that the gene encoding the tumor suppressor microRNA miR-146b is a direct STAT3 target gene, and its expression was increased in normal breast epithelial cells but decreased in tumor cells. Methylation of the miR-146b promoter, which inhibited STAT3-mediated induction of expression, was increased in primary breast cancers. Moreover, we found that miR-146b inhibited nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-dependent production of IL-6, subsequent STAT3 activation, and IL-6/STAT3-driven migration and invasion in breast cancer cells, thereby establishing a negative feedback loop. In addition, higher expression of miR-146b was positively correlated with patient survival in breast cancer subtypes with increased IL6 expression and STAT3 phosphorylation. Our results identify an epigenetic mechanism of crosstalk between STAT3 and NF-κB relevant to constitutive STAT3 activation in malignancy and the role of inflammation in oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Xiang
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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A new multicolor bioluminescence imaging platform to investigate NF-κB activity and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85550. [PMID: 24465597 PMCID: PMC3894999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluation of novel drugs for clinical development depends on screening technologies and informative preclinical models. Here we developed a multicolor bioluminescent imaging platform to simultaneously investigate transcription factor NF-κB signaling and apoptosis. METHODS The human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) was genetically modified to express green, red and blue light emitting luciferases to monitor cell number and viability, NF-κB promoter activity and to perform specific cell sorting and detection, respectively. The pro-luciferin substrate Z-DEVD-animoluciferin was employed to determine apoptotic caspase 3/7 activity. We used the cell line for the in vitro evaluation of natural compounds and in vivo optical imaging of tumor necrosis factor TNFα-induced NF-κB activation. RESULTS Celastrol, resveratrol, sulphoraphane and curcumin inhibited the NF-κB promoter activity significantly and in a dose dependent manner. All compounds except resveratrol induced caspase 3/7 dependent apoptosis. Multicolor bioluminescence in vivo imaging allowed the investigation of tumor growth and NF-κB induction in a mouse model of breast cancer. CONCLUSION Our new method provides an imaging platform for the identification, validation, screening and optimization of compounds acting on NF-κB signaling and apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.
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Hayashi M, Jono H, Shinriki S, Nakamura T, Guo J, Sueta A, Tomiguchi M, Fujiwara S, Yamamoto-Ibusuki M, Murakami KI, Yamashita S, Yamamoto Y, Li JD, Iwase H, Ando Y. Clinical significance of CYLD downregulation in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 143:447-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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138
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Bao B, Azmi AS, Li Y, Ahmad A, Ali S, Banerjee S, Kong D, Sarkar FH. Targeting CSCs in tumor microenvironment: the potential role of ROS-associated miRNAs in tumor aggressiveness. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 9:22-35. [PMID: 23957937 PMCID: PMC4493722 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x113089990053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been widely considered as critical cellular signaling molecules involving in various biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. The homeostasis of ROS is critical to maintain normal biological processes. Increased production of ROS, namely oxidative stress, due to either endogenous or exogenous sources causes irreversible damage of bio-molecules such as DNA, proteins, lipids, and sugars, leading to genomic instability, genetic mutation, and altered gene expression, eventually contributing to tumorigenesis. A great amount of experimental studies in vitro and in vivo have produced solid evidence supporting that oxidative stress is strongly associated with increased tumor cell growth, treatment resistance, and metastasis, and all of which contribute to tumor aggressiveness. More recently, the data have indicated that altered production of ROS is also associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs), epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and hypoxia, the most common features or phenomena in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, the exact mechanism by which ROS is involved in the regulation of CSC and EMT characteristics as well as hypoxia- and, especially, HIF-mediated pathways is not well known. Emerging evidence suggests the role of miRNAs in tumorigenesis and progression of human tumors. Recently, the data have indicated that altered productions of ROS are associated with deregulated expression of miRNAs, suggesting their potential roles in the regulation of ROS production. Therefore, targeting ROS mediated through the deregulation of miRNAs by novel approaches or by naturally occurring anti-oxidant agents such as genistein could provide a new therapeutic approach for the prevention and/or treatment of human malignancies. In this article, we will discuss the potential role of miRNAs in the regulation of ROS production during tumorigenesis. Finally, we will discuss the role of genistein, as a potent anti-tumor agent in the regulation of ROS production during tumorigenesis and tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fazlul H Sarkar
- Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 740 HWCRC, 4100 John R Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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139
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Cruz-Bravo RK, Guevara-González RG, Ramos-Gómez M, Oomah BD, Wiersma P, Campos-Vega R, Loarca-Piña G. The fermented non-digestible fraction of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) triggers cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma cells. GENES AND NUTRITION 2013; 9:359. [PMID: 24293398 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-013-0359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide with colorectal cancer (CRC) ranking as the third contributing to overall cancer mortality. Non-digestible compounds such as dietary fiber have been inversely associated with CRC in epidemiological in vivo and in vitro studies. In order to investigate the effect of fermentation products from a whole non-digestible fraction of common bean versus the short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) on colon cancer cells, we evaluated the human gut microbiota fermented non-digestible fraction (hgm-FNDF) of cooked common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar Negro 8025 and a synthetic mixture SCFAs, mimicking their concentration in the lethal concentration 50 (SCFA-LC50) of FNDF (hgm-FNDF-LC50), on the molecular changes in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29). Total mRNA from hgm-FNDF-LC50 and SCFA-LC50 treated HT-29 cells were used to perform qPCR arrays to determine the effect of the treatments on the transcriptional expression of 84 genes related to the p53-pathway. This study showed that both treatments inhibited cell proliferation in accordance with modulating RB1, CDC2, CDC25A, NFKB and E2F genes. Furthermore, we found an association between the induction of apoptosis and the modulation of APAF1, BID, CASP9, FASLG, TNFR10B and BCL2A genes. The results suggest a mechanism of action by which the fermentation of non-digestible compounds of common bean exert a beneficial effect better than the SCFA mixture by modulating the expression of antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic genes in HT-29 cells to a greater extent, supporting previous results on cell behavior, probably due to the participation of other compounds, such as phenolic fatty acids derivatives and biopetides.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Cruz-Bravo
- Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la República (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, 76010, Querétaro, QRO, Mexico
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140
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Bao B, Li Y, Ahmad A, Azmi AS, Bao G, Ali S, Banerjee S, Kong D, Sarkar FH. Targeting CSC-related miRNAs for cancer therapy by natural agents. Curr Drug Targets 2013; 13:1858-68. [PMID: 23140295 DOI: 10.2174/138945012804545515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The theory of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has provided evidence on fundamental clinical implications because of the involvement of CSCs in cell migration, invasion, metastasis, and treatment resistance, which leads to the poor clinical outcome of cancer patients. Therefore, targeting CSCs will provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment and/or prevention of tumors. However, the regulation of CSCs and its signaling pathways during tumorigenesis are not well understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proved to act as key regulators of the post-transcriptional regulation of genes, which involve in a wide array of biological processes including tumorigenesis. The altered expressions of miRNAs are associated with poor clinical outcome of patients diagnosed with a variety of tumors. Therefore, emerging evidence strongly suggest that miRMAs play critical roles in tumor development and progression. Emerging evidence also suggest that miRNAs participate in the regulation of tumor cell growth, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and metastasis. Moreover, miRNAs such as let-7, miR-21, miR-22, miR-34, miR-101, miR-146a, and miR-200 have been found to be associated with CSC phenotype and function mediated through targeting oncogenic signaling pathways. In this article, we will discuss the role of miRNAs in the regulation of CSC phenotype and function during tumor development and progression. We will also discuss the potential role of naturally occurring agents (nutraceuticals) as potent anti-tumor agents that are believed to function by targeting CSC-related miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Bao
- Departments of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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141
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Silencing NOTCH signaling causes growth arrest in both breast cancer stem cells and breast cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2587-96. [PMID: 24129237 PMCID: PMC3833225 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are characterized by high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme activity and are refractory to current treatment modalities, show a higher risk for metastasis, and influence the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), leading to a shorter time to recurrence and death. In this study, we focused on examination of the mechanism of action of a small herbal molecule, psoralidin (Pso) that has been shown to effectively suppress the growth of BSCSs and breast cancer cells (BCCs), in breast cancer (BC) models. Methods: ALDH− and ALDH+ BCCs were isolated from MDA-MB-231 cells, and the anticancer effects of Pso were measured using cell viability, apoptosis, colony formation, invasion, migration, mammosphere formation, immunofluorescence, and western blot analysis. Results: Psoralidin significantly downregulated NOTCH1 signaling, and this downregulation resulted in growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in both ALDH− and ALDH+ cells. Molecularly, Pso inhibited NOTCH1 signaling, which facilitated inhibition of EMT markers (β-catenin and vimentin) and upregulated E-cadherin expression, resulting in reduced migration and invasion of both ALDH− and ALDH+ cells. Conclusion: Together, our results suggest that inhibition of NOTCH1 by Pso resulted in growth arrest and inhibition of EMT in BCSCs and BCCs. Psoralidin appears to be a novel agent that targets both BCSCs and BCCs.
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142
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Hu P, Yang J, Hou Y, Zhang H, Zeng Z, Zhao L, Yu T, Tang X, Tu G, Cui X, Liu M. LncRNA expression signatures of twist-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in MCF10A cells. Cell Signal 2013; 26:83-93. [PMID: 24113349 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transient (EMT) is associated with tumor metastasis. Twist is one of the key transcription factors for EMT and relates to tumor cell migration. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as important regulatory molecules involved in a broad range of biological processes and complicated diseases. However, it is unknown whether a signal network and lncRNAs are involved in Twist-induced EMT program. Taking MCF10A/Twist as a model, more than 99 lncRNAs and 3164 genes are regulated in the Twist-induced EMT process using lncRNA-array and cDNA micro-array. We establish a downstream signal network associated with EMT induced by Twist using bioinformatic analysis (Gene Ontology, pathway analysis) and experimental data. A set of multiple canonical signal pathways (such as WNT, MAPK, JAK/STAT, TGF-β, mTOR, Hedgehog and P53 signaling pathways) and several lncRNAs [such as lncRNA (chr6, 26124411-26139312, +), lncRNA (chr1, 41944445-41949874, -), lncRNA (chr17, 44833874-44834830, +)] are altered in MCF10A/Twist cells. More interestingly, lncRNA (chr17, 44833874-44834830, +), lncRNA (chr17, 21142183-21156578, -), lncRNA (chr6, 26124411-26139312, +) and lncRNA (chr19, 438420-2083745, -) may be involved in regulation or activation of WNT signaling pathway in the Twist-induced EMT process. These findings first determine that Twist contributes to invasion and metastasis by inducing wide-ranging transcriptional and functional changes of lncRNAs and signal pathways in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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143
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Chen TC, Hsu YL, Tsai YC, Chang YW, Kuo PL, Chen YH. Gemifloxacin inhibits migration and invasion and induces mesenchymal-epithelial transition in human breast adenocarcinoma cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 92:53-64. [PMID: 24005829 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Gemifloxacin (GMF) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-metastatic activities of GMF and its possible mechanisms of action, with a special focus on the induction of mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). The human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 were used to assess the anti-metastatic activity of GMF on cell migration and invasion and in scratch wound-healing assays. The effects of GMF on the MET and its regulatory nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/Snail pathway were assessed. The in vivo anti-metastatic effect of GMF was also evaluated in an animal model. This study demonstrated that GMF inhibited the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 cells and induced the MET. GMF suppressed the activation of NF-κB, as well as the cell migration and invasion induced by tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). GMF was shown to inhibit the phosphorylation of the inhibitor of κB (IκB) and the translocation of NF-κB/Snail in both cancer cell lines. This study showed that the Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP), an inhibitor of IκB kinase, is upregulated after GMF treatment. Inhibition of RKIP by small hairpin RNA transfection significantly decreased the inhibitory effect of GMF on the NF-κB/Snail pathway and also inhibited cell migration and invasion. Overexpression of Snail suppressed GMF-mediated metastasis inhibition and E-cadherin upregulation. An animal model revealed that GMF effectively inhibits lipopolysaccharide-mediated metastasis in mice. This study has demonstrated that GMF might be a novel anticancer agent for the prevention and treatment of metastasis in breast cancer. KEY MESSAGES GMF inhibits the migration and invasion of human breast adenocarcinoma cells. GMF induces MET by reducing NF-κB and Snail activation and by increasing RKIP levels. GMF has potential clinical implication as an anti-metastatic agent for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tun-Chieh Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 68, Chung-Hwa 3rd Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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144
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Wang L, Hou Y, Sun Y, Zhao L, Tang X, Hu P, Yang J, Zeng Z, Yang G, Cui X, Liu M. c-Ski activates cancer-associated fibroblasts to regulate breast cancer cell invasion. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:1116-28. [PMID: 24011664 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of c-Ski oncoprotein in some tumor cells has been shown to be associated with cancer development. However, the role of c-Ski in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) of tumor microenvironment has not been characterized. In the current study, we found that c-Ski is highly expressed in CAFs derived from breast carcinoma microenvironment and this CAF-associated c-Ski expression is associated with invasion and metastasis of human breast tumors. We showed that c-Ski overexpression in immortalized breast normal fibroblasts (NFs) induces conversion to breast CAFs by repressing p53 and thereby upregulating SDF-1 in NFs. SDF-1 treatment or p53 knockdown in NFs had similar effects on the activation of NFs as c-Ski overexpression. The c-Ski-activated CAFs show increased proliferation, migration, invasion and contraction compared with NFs. Furthermore, c-Ski-activated CAFs facilitated the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Our data suggest that c-Ski is an important regulator in the activation of CAFs and may serve as a potential therapeutic target to block breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yixuan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Experimental teaching center of Basic Medicine Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liuyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zongyue Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guanglun Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Department of Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center. Los Angeles, CA 91006, USA
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Shigdar S, Li Y, Bhattacharya S, O'Connor M, Pu C, Lin J, Wang T, Xiang D, Kong L, Wei MQ, Zhu Y, Zhou S, Duan W. Inflammation and cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 2013; 345:271-8. [PMID: 23941828 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are becoming recognised as being responsible for metastasis and treatment resistance. The complex cellular and molecular network that regulates cancer stem cells and the role that inflammation plays in cancer progression are slowly being elucidated. Cytokines, secreted by tumour associated immune cells, activate the necessary pathways required by cancer stem cells to facilitate cancer stem cells progressing through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and migrating to distant sites. Once in situ, these cancer stem cells can secrete their own attractants, thus providing an environment whereby these cells can continue to propagate the tumour in a secondary niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Shigdar
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia.
| | - Yong Li
- Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, and St. George Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Michael O'Connor
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Chunwen Pu
- Dalian Sixth People's Hospital, Dalian 116033, China
| | - Jia Lin
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Dongxi Xiang
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Lingxue Kong
- School of Medical Science and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Australia
| | - Ming Q Wei
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanobiomedicine, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shufeng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia.
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146
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Cancer Associated Fibroblasts express pro-inflammatory factors in human breast and ovarian tumors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 437:397-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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147
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Lin C, Wang L, Wang H, Yang L, Guo H, Wang X. Tanshinone IIA inhibits breast cancer stem cells growth in vitro and in vivo through attenuation of IL-6/STAT3/NF-kB signaling pathways. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:2061-70. [PMID: 23553622 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyu Lin
- Laboratory of Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University; Chengdu; 610041; China
| | - Li Wang
- Laboratory of Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University; Chengdu; 610041; China
| | - Hong Wang
- Laboratory of Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University; Chengdu; 610041; China
| | - Liuqi Yang
- Laboratory of Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University; Chengdu; 610041; China
| | - Huijie Guo
- Laboratory of Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University; Chengdu; 610041; China
| | - Xiujie Wang
- Laboratory of Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University; Chengdu; 610041; China
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148
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Biological characteristics and genetic heterogeneity between carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and their paired normal fibroblasts in human breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60321. [PMID: 23577100 PMCID: PMC3618271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The extensional signals in cross-talk between stromal cells and tumor cells generated from extracellular matrix molecules, soluble factor, and cell-cell adhesion complexes cooperate at the extra- and intracellular level in the tumor microenvironment. CAFs are the primary type of stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment and play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and development. Hitherto, there is hardly any systematic analysis of the intrinsic relationship between CAFs function and its abnormal signaling pathway. The extreme complexity of CAFs’ features and their role in tumor development are needed to be further investigated. Methodology/Principal Findings We primary cultured CAFs and NFs from early stages of breast cancer tissue and identified them using their biomarker by immunohistochemistry for Fibronectin, α-SMA and FAP. Microarray was applied to analyze gene expression profiles of human breast CAFs and the paired NFs. The Up-regulated genes classified by Gene Ontology, signal pathways enriched by DAVID pathway analysis. Abnormal signaling pathways in breast cancer CAFs are involved in cell cycle, cell adhesion, signal transduction and protein transport being reported in CAFs derived from other tumors. Significantly, the altered ATM signaling pathway, a set of cell cycle regulated signaling, and immune associated signaling are identified to be changed in CAFs. Conclusions/Significance CAFs have the vigorous ability of proliferation and potential of invasion and migration comparing with NFs. CAFs could promote breast cancer cell invasion under co-culture conditions through up-regulated CCL18 and CXCL12. Consistently with its biologic behavior, the gene expression profiling analyzed by microarray shows that some of key signaling pathways, such as cell cycle, cell adhesion, and secreting factors play an important role in CAFs. The altered ATM signaling pathway is abnormally active in the early stage of breast cancer. The set of immune associated signaling may be involved in tumor cell immune evasion.
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149
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Mak KK, Wu ATH, Lee WH, Chang TC, Chiou JF, Wang LS, Wu CH, Huang CYF, Shieh YS, Chao TY, Ho CT, Yen GC, Yeh CT. Pterostilbene, a bioactive component of blueberries, suppresses the generation of breast cancer stem cells within tumor microenvironment and metastasis via modulating NF-κB/microRNA 448 circuit. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1123-34. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Kit Mak
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Alexander T. H. Wu
- Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Translational Research Laboratory, Cancer Center; Taipei Medical University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Shuang Ho Hospital; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tung-Cheng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Surgery; Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Fong Chiou
- Translational Research Laboratory, Cancer Center; Taipei Medical University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taiwan
| | - Liang-Shun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery; Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiung Wu
- Department of Surgery; Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying F. Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shing Shieh
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Tri-Service General Hospital; National Defense Medical Center; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Yi Chao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Surgery; Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ USA
| | - Gow-Chin Yen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Surgery; Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences; National Defense Medical Center; Taipei Taiwan
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Canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling promotes breast cancer tumor-initiating cells. Oncogene 2013; 33:1297-305. [PMID: 23474754 PMCID: PMC4425414 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are a sub-population of cells that exhibit a robust ability to self-renew and contribute to the formation of primary tumors, the relapse of previously treated tumors, and the development of metastases. TICs have been identified in various tumors, including those of the breast, and are particularly enriched in the basal-like and claudin-low subtypes of breast cancer. The signaling pathways that contribute to the function and maintenance of TICs are under intense study. We explored the potential involvement of the NF-κB family of transcription factors in TICs in cell lines that are representative of basal-like and claudin-low breast cancer. NF-κB was found to be activated in breast cancer cells that form tumorspheres efficiently. Moreover, both canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling is required for these cells to self-renew in vitro and to form xenograft tumors efficiently in vivo using limiting dilutions of cells. Consistent with this, canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling is activated in TICs isolated from breast cancer cell lines. Experimental results indicate that NF-κB promotes the function of TICs by stimulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and by upregulating the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. The results suggest the use of NF-κB inhibitors for clinical therapy of certain breast cancers.
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