101
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Kong F, Kong X, Du Y, Chen Y, Deng X, Zhu J, Du J, Li L, Jia Z, Xie D, Li Z, Xie K. STK33 Promotes Growth and Progression of Pancreatic Cancer as a Critical Downstream Mediator of HIF1α. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6851-6862. [PMID: 29038348 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase STK33 has been implicated in cancer cell proliferation. Here, we provide evidence of a critical role for STK33 in the pathogenesis and metastatic progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). STK33 expression in PDAC was regulated by the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF1α. In human PDAC specimens, STK33 was overexpressed and associated with poor prognosis. Enforced STK33 expression promoted PDAC proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth, whereas STK33 depletion exerted opposing effects. Mechanistic investigations showed that HIF1α regulated STK33 via direct binding to a hypoxia response element in its promoter. In showing that dysregulated HIF1α/STK33 signaling promotes PDAC growth and progression, our results suggest STK33 as a candidate therapeutic target to improve PDAC treatment. Cancer Res; 77(24); 6851-62. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyang Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yiqi Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Du
- Department of Oncology and Tumor Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhiliang Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dacheng Xie
- Department of Oncology and Tumor Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Keping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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102
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Wegner CS, Hauge A, Gaustad JV, Andersen LMK, Simonsen TG, Galappathi K, Rofstad EK. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of the microenvironment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenografts. Acta Oncol 2017; 56:1754-1762. [PMID: 28661213 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2017.1343494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with poor outcome. Resistance to treatment is associated with impaired vascularity, extensive hypoxia, and interstitial hypertension. In this study, the potential of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI as a method for assessing the microvascular density (MVD), the fraction of hypoxic tissue, and the interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) of PDACs was investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Intramuscular BxPC-3, Capan-2, MIAPaCa-2, and Panc-1 PDAC xenografts were used as preclinical models of human PDACs. DCE-MRI with Gd-DOTA as contrast agent was conducted with a 7.05-T scanner, and the DCE-MRI series were analyzed voxelwise by using the Tofts pharmacokinetic model. Tumor MVD and hypoxia were measured in histological preparations by using pimonidazole as a hypoxia marker and CD31 as a marker of endothelial cells. IFP was measured with a Millar catheter. RESULTS Ktrans (the volume transfer constant of Gd-DOTA) increased with increasing MVD and decreased with increasing hypoxic fraction, but was not associated with IFP. Any association between ve (the fractional distribution volume of Gd-DOTA) and MVD, hypoxic fraction, or IFP could not be detected. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that DCE-MRI is a useful modality for assessing important features of the microenvironment of PDAC xenografts and thus provides the basis for future preclinical and clinical DCE-MRI investigations of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S. Wegner
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Hauge
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon-Vidar Gaustad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Mari K. Andersen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude G. Simonsen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kanthi Galappathi
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar K. Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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103
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Anderson RF, Li D, Hunter FW. Antagonism in effectiveness of evofosfamide and doxorubicin through intermolecular electron transfer. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:564-570. [PMID: 29111232 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic cells pose a problem in anticancer chemotherapy, in which often drugs require oxygen as an electron acceptor to bring about the death of actively cycling cells. Bioreductive anticancer drugs, which are selectively activated in the hypoxic regions of tumours through enzymatic one-electron reduction, are being developed for combination with chemotherapy-, radiotherapy- and immunotherapy-containing regimens to kill treatment-resistant hypoxic cells. The most clinically-advanced bioreductive drug, evofosfamide (TH-302), which acts by releasing a DNA-crosslinking mustard, failed to extend overall survival in combination with doxorubicin, a topoisomerase II inhibitor, for advanced soft tissue sarcoma in a pivotal clinical trial. However, the reasons for the lack of additive efficacy with this combination are unknown. Here, we show that the radical anion of evofosfamide undergoes electron transfer to doxorubicin in kinetic competition to fragmentation of the radical anion, thus suppressing the release the cytotoxic mustard. This electron transfer process may account, at least in part, for the lack of overall survival improvement in the recent clinical trial. This study underlines the need to consider both redox and electron transfer chemistry when combining bioreductive prodrugs with other redox-active drugs in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Anderson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; School of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Dan Li
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Francis W Hunter
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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104
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Maloney E, Khokhlova T, Pillarisetty VG, Schade GR, Repasky EA, Wang YN, Giuliani L, Primavera M, Hwang JH. Focused ultrasound for immuno-adjuvant treatment of pancreatic cancer: An emerging clinical paradigm in the era of personalized oncotherapy. Int Rev Immunol 2017; 36:338-351. [PMID: 28961038 PMCID: PMC6224292 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2017.1363199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Current clinical treatment regimens, including many emergent immune strategies (e.g., checkpoint inhibitors) have done little to affect the devastating course of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Clinical trials for PDA often employ multi-modal treatment, and have started to incorporate stromal-targeted therapies, which have shown promising results in early reports. Focused ultrasound (FUS) is one such therapy that is uniquely equipped to address local and systemic limitations of conventional cancer therapies as well as emergent immune therapies for PDA. FUS methods can non-invasively generate mechanical and/or thermal effects that capitalize on the unique oncogenomic/proteomic signature of a tumor. Potential benefits of FUS therapy for PDA include: (1) emulsification of targeted tumor into undenatured antigens in situ, increasing dendritic cell maturation, and increasing intra-tumoral CD8+/ T regulatory cell ratio and CD8+ T cell activity; (2) reduction in intra-tumoral hypoxic stress; (3) modulation of tumor cell membrane protein localization to enhance immunogenicity; (4) modulation of the local cytokine milieu toward a Th1-type inflammatory profile; (5) up-regulation of local chemoattractants; (6) remodeling the tumor stroma; (7) localized delivery of exogenously packaged immune-stimulating antigens, genes and therapeutic drugs. While not all of these results have been studied in experimental PDA models to date, the principles garnered from other solid tumor and disease models have direct relevance to the design of optimal FUS protocols for PDA. In this review, we address the pertinent limitations in current and emergent immune therapies that can be improved with FUS therapy for PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel Maloney
- a Department of Radiology , University of Washington , Seattle WA , USA
| | - Tanya Khokhlova
- b Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology , University of Washington , Seattle WA , USA
| | | | - George R Schade
- d Department of Urology , University of Washington , Seattle WA , USA
| | - Elizabeth A Repasky
- e Department of Immunology , Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo NY , USA
| | - Yak-Nam Wang
- f Applied Physics Laboratory , University of Washington , Seattle WA , USA
| | - Lorenzo Giuliani
- g School of Medicine , The Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Matteo Primavera
- h School of Medicine , The Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Joo Ha Hwang
- i Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology , University of Washington , Seattle WA , USA
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105
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Benyamine A, Loncle C, Foucher E, Blazquez JL, Castanier C, Chrétien AS, Modesti M, Secq V, Chouaib S, Gironella M, Vila-Navarro E, Montalto G, Dagorn JC, Dusetti N, Iovanna J, Olive D. BTN3A is a prognosis marker and a promising target for Vγ9Vδ2 T cells based-immunotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1372080. [PMID: 29296524 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1372080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are anti-tumor immune effectors of growing interest in cancer including Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC), an especially aggressive cancer characterized by a hypoxic and nutrient-starved immunosuppressive microenvironment. Since Butyrophilin 3 A (BTN3A) isoforms are critical activating molecules of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, we set out to study BTN3A expression under both basal and stress conditions in PDAC primary tumors, and in novel patient-derived xenograft and PDAC-derived cell lines. BTN3A2 was shown to be the most abundant isoform in PDAC and was stress-regulated. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells cytolytic functions against PDAC required BTN3A and this activity was strongly enhanced by the agonist anti-BTN3A 20.1 mAb even under conditions of hypoxia. In PDAC primary tumors, we established that BTN3A expression and high plasma levels of soluble BTN3A were strongly associated with a decreased survival. These findings may have important implications in the design of new immunotherapeutic strategies that target BTN3A for treating PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Benyamine
- Inserm, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Immunity & Cancer, Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Aix-Marseille Université UM 105; CNRS UMR 7258, Marseille, France
| | - Céline Loncle
- Inserm, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Cellular Stress, Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Aix-Marseille Université UM 105; CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.,Dynabio, Luminy Biotech Entreprises, Marseille, France
| | - Etienne Foucher
- Inserm, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Immunity & Cancer, Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Aix-Marseille Université UM 105; CNRS UMR 7258, Marseille, France
| | - Juan-Luis Blazquez
- Inserm, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Immunity & Cancer, Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Aix-Marseille Université UM 105; CNRS UMR 7258, Marseille, France
| | - Céline Castanier
- Inserm, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Immunity & Cancer, Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Aix-Marseille Université UM 105; CNRS UMR 7258, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Chrétien
- Inserm, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Immunity & Cancer, Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Aix-Marseille Université UM 105; CNRS UMR 7258, Marseille, France
| | - Mauro Modesti
- Inserm, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Homologous Recombination, NHEJ and Maintenance of Genomic Integrity; Aix-Marseille Université UM 105; CNRS UMR 7258, Marseille, France
| | - Véronique Secq
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Nord / Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Salem Chouaib
- INSERM UMR1186, Laboratory «Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology»; INSERM, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay Villejuif, Villejuif, France
| | - Meritxell Gironella
- Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD)/Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Vila-Navarro
- Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD)/Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (DiBiMIS), University of Palermo, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy", National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Nelson Dusetti
- Inserm, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Cellular Stress, Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Aix-Marseille Université UM 105; CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Inserm, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Cellular Stress, Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Aix-Marseille Université UM 105; CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Inserm, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Immunity & Cancer, Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Aix-Marseille Université UM 105; CNRS UMR 7258, Marseille, France.,Immunomonitoring Platform Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Immunomonitoring Platform Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Bd Sainte Marguerite, Marseille, France
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106
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The receptor for advanced glycation end products: A fuel to pancreatic cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 49:37-43. [PMID: 28811077 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) was first illustrated in the year 1992. RAGE is a single-transmembrane and multi-ligand component of the immunoglobulin protein super family. The engagement of RAGE turns out to an establishment of numerous intracellular signalling mechanisms resulting in the progression and perpetuation of many types of cancer including, the pancreatic cancer. The present review primarily focuses on the multi-ligand activation of RAGEs leading to the downstream signalling cascade activation. The kick start of the RAGEs activation leads to the several anomalies and includes multiple types of cancers. The RAGE expression correlates well with the survival of pancreatic cancer cells leading to the myeloid response. RAGEs assist in the tumourogenesis which enhance and thrive to its fullest in the stressed tumour microenvironment. An improved perceptive of its involvement in pancreatic cancer may offer novel targets for tumour supervision and risk measurement.
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107
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Chiou SH, Risca VI, Wang GX, Yang D, Grüner BM, Kathiria AS, Ma RK, Vaka D, Chu P, Kozak M, Castellini L, Graves EE, Kim GE, Mourrain P, Koong AC, Giaccia AJ, Winslow MM. BLIMP1 Induces Transient Metastatic Heterogeneity in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:1184-1199. [PMID: 28790031 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most metastatic and deadly cancers. Despite the clinical significance of metastatic spread, our understanding of molecular mechanisms that drive PDAC metastatic ability remains limited. By generating a genetically engineered mouse model of human PDAC, we uncover a transient subpopulation of cancer cells with exceptionally high metastatic ability. Global gene expression profiling and functional analyses uncovered the transcription factor BLIMP1 as a driver of PDAC metastasis. The highly metastatic PDAC subpopulation is enriched for hypoxia-induced genes, and hypoxia-mediated induction of BLIMP1 contributes to the regulation of a subset of hypoxia-associated gene expression programs. These findings support a model in which upregulation of BLIMP1 links microenvironmental cues to a metastatic stem cell character.Significance: PDAC is an almost uniformly lethal cancer, largely due to its tendency for metastasis. We define a highly metastatic subpopulation of cancer cells, uncover a key transcriptional regulator of metastatic ability, and define hypoxia as an important factor within the tumor microenvironment that increases metastatic proclivity. Cancer Discov; 7(10); 1184-99. ©2017 AACR.See related commentary by Vakoc and Tuveson, p. 1067This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1047.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Heng Chiou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Viviana I Risca
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Gordon X Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Dian Yang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Barbara M Grüner
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Arwa S Kathiria
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Rosanna K Ma
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Dedeepya Vaka
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Pauline Chu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Margaret Kozak
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Laura Castellini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Edward E Graves
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Grace E Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Philippe Mourrain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Albert C Koong
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Monte M Winslow
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. .,Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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108
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Mistry IN, Thomas M, Calder EDD, Conway SJ, Hammond EM. Clinical Advances of Hypoxia-Activated Prodrugs in Combination With Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017; 98:1183-1196. [PMID: 28721903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing incidence of cancer worldwide, the need for specific, effective therapies is ever more urgent. One example of targeted cancer therapeutics is hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs), also known as bioreductive prodrugs. These prodrugs are inactive in cells with normal oxygen levels but in hypoxic cells (with low oxygen levels) undergo chemical reduction to the active compound. Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors and is associated with a more aggressive phenotype and resistance to all modes of therapy. Therefore, the combination of radiation therapy and bioreductive drugs presents an attractive opportunity for synergistic effects, because the HAP targets the radiation-resistant hypoxic cells. Hypoxia-activated prodrugs have typically been precursors of DNA-damaging agents, but a new generation of molecularly targeted HAPs is emerging. By targeting proteins associated with tumorigenesis and survival, these compounds may result in greater selectivity over healthy tissue. We review the clinical progress of HAPs as adjuncts to radiation therapy and conclude that the use of HAPs alongside radiation is vastly underexplored at the clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishna N Mistry
- Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Thomas
- Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ewen D D Calder
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J Conway
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ester M Hammond
- Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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109
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Andersen LMK, Wegner CS, Simonsen TG, Huang R, Gaustad JV, Hauge A, Galappathi K, Rofstad EK. Lymph node metastasis and the physicochemical micro-environment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma xenografts. Oncotarget 2017; 8:48060-48074. [PMID: 28624797 PMCID: PMC5564626 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients develop lymph node metastases early and have a particularly poor prognosis. The poor prognosis has been shown to be associated with the physicochemical microenvironment of the tumor tissue, which is characterized by desmoplasia, abnormal microvasculature, extensive hypoxia, and highly elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP). In this study, we searched for associations between lymph node metastasis and features of the physicochemical microenvironment in an attempt to identify mechanisms leading to metastatic dissemination and growth. BxPC-3 and Capan-2 PDAC xenografts were used as preclinical models of human PDAC. In both models, lymph node metastasis was associated with high IFP rather than high fraction of hypoxic tissue or high microvascular density. Seven angiogenesis-related genes associated with high IFP-associated lymph node metastasis were detected by quantitative PCR in each of the models, and these genes were all up-regulated in high IFP/highly metastatic tumors. Three genes were mutual for the BxPC-3 and Capan-2 models: transforming growth factor beta, angiogenin, and insulin-like growth factor 1. Further comprehensive studies are needed to determine whether there is a causal relationship between the up-regulation of these genes and high IFP and/or high propensity for lymph node metastasis in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Mari K. Andersen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine S. Wegner
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude G. Simonsen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruixia Huang
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon-Vidar Gaustad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Hauge
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kanthi Galappathi
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar K. Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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110
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Abstract
Reduction-oxidation factor 1-apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Ref-1/APE1) is a critical node in tumor cells, both as a redox regulator of transcription factor activation and as part of the DNA damage response. As a redox signaling protein, Ref-1/APE1 enhances the transcriptional activity of STAT3, HIF-1α, nuclear factor kappa B, and other transcription factors to promote growth, migration, and survival in tumor cells as well as inflammation and angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment. Ref-1/APE1 is activated in a variety of cancers, including prostate, colon, pancreatic, ovarian, lung and leukemias, leading to increased aggressiveness. Transcription factors downstream of Ref-1/APE1 are key contributors to many cancers, and Ref-1/APE1 redox signaling inhibition slows growth and progression in a number of tumor types. Ref-1/APE1 inhibition is also highly effective when paired with other drugs, including standard-of-care therapies and therapies targeting pathways affected by Ref-1/APE1 redox signaling. Additionally, Ref-1/APE1 plays a role in a variety of other indications, such as retinopathy, inflammation, and neuropathy. In this review, we discuss the functional consequences of activation of the Ref-1/APE1 node in cancer and other diseases, as well as potential therapies targeting Ref-1/APE1 and related pathways in relevant diseases. APX3330, a novel oral anticancer agent and the first drug to target Ref-1/APE1 for cancer is entering clinical trials and will be explored in various cancers and other diseases bringing bench discoveries to the clinic.
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111
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Eskandani M, Vandghanooni S, Barar J, Nazemiyeh H, Omidi Y. Cell physiology regulation by hypoxia inducible factor-1: Targeting oxygen-related nanomachineries of hypoxic cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 99:46-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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112
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Orthogonal near-infrared upconversion co-regulated site-specific O 2 delivery and photodynamic therapy for hypoxia tumor by using red blood cell microcarriers. Biomaterials 2017; 125:90-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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113
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Tong Y, Yang H, Xu X, Ruan J, Liang M, Wu J, Luo B. Effect of a hypoxic microenvironment after radiofrequency ablation on residual hepatocellular cell migration and invasion. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:753-762. [PMID: 28182306 PMCID: PMC5406608 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations have shown that the boundary of tumor ablation is often less than safe border and that the use of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may probably accelerate its recurrence and metastasis. RFA can cause the formation of a transition zone between normal liver tissues and necrotic coagulation, where blood stagnation and thrombosis expose residual cancer cells to a hypoxic microenvironment. As the blocked vessels are slowly reperfused, the oxygen supply is gradually restored. Here, HCC cells underwent heat treatment and were cultured under hypoxic conditions to mimic the aforementioned situation, and morphological changes were observed in the surviving cells. Compared with their parental cells, hypoxic HCC cells showed changes that include enhanced invasive, metastatic, and chemoresistant abilities as well as mesenchymal characteristics. There was also a higher percentage of stem-like cells. However, either improving the hypoxic microenvironment or silencing hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α signaling significantly reduced the invasive, metastatic, and chemoresistant potential and reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition to varying degrees. Together, these results indicated that a sustained hypoxic microenvironment after RFA may exert a negative impact on the prognosis of HCC patients, and minimizing exposure to a hypoxic microenvironment and targeting HIF-1α signaling might be effective strategies for patients who experience insufficient RFA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Tong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyun Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Ruan
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoming Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang M, Xing L, Ke H, He YJ, Cui PF, Zhu Y, Jiang G, Qiao JB, Lu N, Chen H, Jiang HL. MnO 2-Based Nanoplatform Serves as Drug Vehicle and MRI Contrast Agent for Cancer Theranostics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:11337-11344. [PMID: 28291320 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) greatly impedes the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. Overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, such as P-gp, on the surface of tumor cells is a major mechanism in MDR. In this study, we fabricated manganese dioxide (MnO2)/doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded albumin nanoparticles (BMDN) for magnetic resonance imaging and reversing MDR in resistant tumor. BMDN facilitated the delivery of DOX into MDR tumor cells through their MDR reversal effects including enhanced cellular uptake, reduced drug efflux, and decreased hypoxic tumor microenvironment. BMDN also acted as an effective MRI contrast agent, thereby causing good in vitro and in vivo T1-weighted imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ge Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Dalian University , Dalian, China
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Fearon DT. Immune-Suppressing Cellular Elements of the Tumor Microenvironment. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-050216-034359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas T. Fearon
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
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Phase I study of pazopanib plus TH-302 in advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 79:611-619. [PMID: 28238078 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), recommended phase II dose (RPTD), and assess safety and tolerability for the combination of pazopanib plus TH-302, an investigational hypoxia-activated prodrug (HAP), in adult patients with advanced solid tumors. METHODS This was an open-label, non-randomized, single-center, phase I trial consisting 2 stages. Stage 1 was a standard "3 + 3" dose escalation design to determine safety and the RPTD for TH-302 plus pazopanib combination. Stage 2 was an expanded cohort to better describe the tolerability and toxicity profile at the MTD. Pazopanib was orally dosed at 800 mg daily on days 1-28 for all cohorts. TH-302 was administered intravenously on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle at doses of 340 mg/m2 (cohort 1) or 480 mg/m2 (cohort 2). Dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was assessed in the first 28-day cycle. Efficacy was assessed every 2 cycles. RESULTS Thirty patients were enrolled between December 2011 and September 2013. In the dose escalation stage, 7 patients were enrolled in the 340 mg/m2 TH-302 cohort and 6 patients in the 480 mg/m2 TH-302 cohort. Ten patients were evaluable for DLT. DLTs included grade 2 intolerable esophagitis (n = 1) in the 340 mg/m2 TH-302 cohort, and grade 3 vaginal inflammation (n = 1) and grade 3 neutropenia with grade 3 thrombocytopenia (n = 1, same patient) in the 480 mg/m2 TH-302 cohort. The 340 mg/m2 TH-302 cohort was determined to be MTD and RPTD. The most common treatment-related adverse events were hematologic (anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia), nausea/vomiting, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, constipation, fatigue, mucositis, anorexia, pain, and hypertension. Partial response (PR) was observed in 10% (n = 3) of patients, stable disease (SD) in 57% (n = 17), and progressive disease (PD) in 23% (n = 7). Due to toxicity, 3 patients were discontinued from study drug prior to first radiographic assessment but were included in these calculations. Disease control ≥6 months was observed in 37% of patients (n = 11). CONCLUSIONS The RPTD for this novel combination is pazopanib 800 mg daily on days 1-28 plus TH-302 340 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 and 15 of each 28-day cycle. Preliminary activity was seen in treatment-refractory cancers and supports potential value of co-targeting tumor angiogenesis and tumor hypoxia.
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117
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Chang Q, Ornatsky OI, Siddiqui I, Loboda A, Baranov VI, Hedley DW. Imaging Mass Cytometry. Cytometry A 2017; 91:160-169. [PMID: 28160444 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Imaging Mass Cytometry (IMC) is an expansion of mass cytometry, but rather than analyzing single cells in suspension, it uses laser ablation to generate plumes of particles that are carried to the mass cytometer by a stream of inert gas. Images reconstructed from tissue sections scanned by IMC have a resolution comparable to light microscopy, with the high content of mass cytometry enabled through the use of isotopically labeled probes and ICP-MS detection. Importantly, IMC can be performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections, so can be applied to the retrospective analysis of patient cohorts whose outcome is known, and eventually to personalized medicine. Since the original description in 2014, IMC has evolved rapidly into a commercial instrument of unprecedented power for the analysis of histological sections. In this Review, we discuss the underlying principles of this new technology, and outline emerging applications of IMC in the analysis of normal and pathological tissues. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chang
- Fluidigm Canada Inc., Markham, Ontario, L3R 4G5, Canada
| | | | - Iram Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | | | | | - David W Hedley
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
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118
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chang
- Fluidigm Canada Inc.; Markham Ontario L3R 4G5 Canada
| | | | - Iram Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology; Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada
| | | | | | - David W. Hedley
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; Toronto Ontario M5G 2M9 Canada
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Stegehuis PL, Boogerd LSF, Inderson A, Veenendaal RA, van Gerven P, Bonsing BA, Sven Mieog J, Amelink A, Veselic M, Morreau H, van de Velde CJH, Lelieveldt BPF, Dijkstra J, Robinson DJ, Vahrmeijer AL. Toward optical guidance during endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirations of pancreatic masses using single fiber reflectance spectroscopy: a feasibility study. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:24001. [PMID: 28170030 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.2.024001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirations (EUS-FNA) of pancreatic masses suffer from sample errors and low-negative predictive values. Fiber-optic spectroscopy in the visible to near-infrared wavelength spectrum can noninvasively extract physiological parameters from tissue and has the potential to guide the sampling process and reduce sample errors. We assessed the feasibility of single fiber (SF) reflectance spectroscopy measurements during EUS-FNA of pancreatic masses and its ability to distinguish benign from malignant pancreatic tissue. A single optical fiber was placed inside a 19-gauge biopsy needle during EUS-FNA and at least three reflectance measurements were taken prior to FNA. Spectroscopy measurements did not cause any related adverse events and prolonged procedure time with ? 5 ?? min . An accurate correlation between spectroscopy measurements and cytology could be made in nine patients (three benign and six malignant). The oxygen saturation and bilirubin concentration were significantly higher in benign tissue compared with malignant tissue (55% versus 21%, p = 0.038 ; 166 ?? ? mol / L versus 17 ?? ? mol / L , p = 0.039 , respectively). To conclude, incorporation of SF spectroscopy during EUS-FNA was feasible, safe, and relatively quick to perform. The optical properties of benign and malignant pancreatic tissue are different, implying that SF spectroscopy can potentially guide the FNA sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulien L Stegehuis
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Leiden, The NetherlandsbLeiden University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leonora S F Boogerd
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Akin Inderson
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland A Veenendaal
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P van Gerven
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bert A Bonsing
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Sven Mieog
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Amelink
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Department of Optics, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Maud Veselic
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Morreau
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jouke Dijkstra
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dominic J Robinson
- Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Choi SW, Lee KS, Lee JH, Kang HJ, Lee MJ, Kim HY, Park KI, Kim SL, Shin HK, Seo WD. Suppression of Akt-HIF-1α signaling axis by diacetyl atractylodiol inhibits hypoxia-induced angiogenesis. BMB Rep 2017; 49:508-13. [PMID: 27439603 PMCID: PMC5227144 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2016.49.9.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is a key regulator associated with tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. HIF-1α regulation under hypoxia has been highlighted as a promising therapeutic target in angiogenesis-related diseases. Here, we demonstrate that diacetyl atractylodiol (DAA) from Atractylodes japonica (A. japonica) is a potent HIF-1α inhibitor that inhibits the Akt signaling pathway. DAA dose-dependently inhibited hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and downregulated Akt signaling without affecting the stability of HIF-1α protein. Furthermore, DAA prevented hypoxia-mediated angiogenesis based on in vitro tube formation and in vivo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays. Therefore, DAA might be useful for treatment of hypoxia-related tumorigenesis, including angiogenesis. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(9): 508-513]
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Affiliation(s)
- Sik-Won Choi
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju 55365; College of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Lee
- Division of Research Development and Education, National Institute of Chemical Safety, Ministry of Environment, Daejeon 34111, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jung Kang
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Mi Ja Lee
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Kie-In Park
- Division of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Sun-Lim Kim
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hye Kyoung Shin
- Department of surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea
| | - Woo Duck Seo
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju 55365, Korea
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Verwilst P, Han J, Lee J, Mun S, Kang HG, Kim JS. Reconsidering azobenzene as a component of small-molecule hypoxia-mediated cancer drugs: A theranostic case study. Biomaterials 2017; 115:104-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lohse I, Kumareswaran R, Cao P, Pitcher B, Gallinger S, Bristow RG, Hedley DW. Effects of Combined Treatment with Ionizing Radiation and the PARP Inhibitor Olaparib in BRCA Mutant and Wild Type Patient-Derived Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167272. [PMID: 28033382 PMCID: PMC5199060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The BRCA2 gene product plays an important role in DNA double strand break repair. Therefore, we asked whether radiation sensitivity of pancreatic cancers developing in individuals with germline BRCA2 mutations can be enhanced by agents that inhibit poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Methods We compared the sensitivity of two patient-derived pancreatic cancer xenografts, expressing a truncated or wild type BRCA 2, to ionizing radiation alone or in combination with olaparib (AZD-2281). Animals were treated with either a single dose of 12Gy, 7 days of olaparib or 7 days of olaparib followed by a single dose of 12Gy. Response was assessed by tumour growth delay and the activation of damage response pathways. Results The BRCA2 mutated and wild type tumours showed similar radiation sensitivity, and treatment with olaparib did not further sensitize either model when compared to IR alone. Conclusions While PARP inhibition has been shown to be effective in BRCA-mutated breast and ovarian cancers, it is less well established in pancreatic cancer patients. Our results show no radiosensitization in a germline BRCA 2 mutant and suggest that combining PARP inhibition and IR may not be beneficial in BRCA 2 related pancreatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Lohse
- Ontario Cancer Institute and Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ramya Kumareswaran
- Ontario Cancer Institute and Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pinjiang Cao
- Ontario Cancer Institute and Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bethany Pitcher
- Ontario Cancer Institute and Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Research Initiative in Pancreas Cancer, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert G. Bristow
- Ontario Cancer Institute and Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W. Hedley
- Ontario Cancer Institute and Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Erkan M, Kurtoglu M, Kleeff J. The role of hypoxia in pancreatic cancer: a potential therapeutic target? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 10:301-16. [PMID: 26560854 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2016.1117386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the key factors that correlates with poor survival of patients with pancreatic cancer is the extent of hypoxic areas within the tumor tissue. The adaptation of pancreatic cancer cells to limited oxygen delivery promotes the induction of an invasive and treatment-resistant phenotype, triggering metastases at an early stage of tumor development, which resist in most cases adjuvant therapies following tumor resection. In this article, the authors summarize the evidence demonstrating the significance of hypoxia in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and discuss the possible hypoxia-induced mechanisms underlying its aggressive nature. We then conclude with promising strategies that target hypoxia-adapted pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Erkan
- a Department of Surgery , Koç University School of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Metin Kurtoglu
- b Department of Oncology , Koç University School of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Jorg Kleeff
- c Department of Surgery , The Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals , Liverpool , UK.,d Department of General-, Visceral- and Pediatric Surgery , University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany
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124
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Chang Q, Chandrashekhar M, Ketela T, Fedyshyn Y, Moffat J, Hedley D. Cytokinetic effects of Wee1 disruption in pancreatic cancer. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:593-604. [PMID: 26890070 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1138188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wee1 kinase, which is activated in response to DNA damage, regulates exit from G2 through inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdk1/Cdc2, and is an attractive drug target. However, recent work has highlighted effects of Cdk2 phosphorylation by Wee1 on movement through S-phase, suggesting the potential to sensitize to S-phase specific agents by Wee1 inhibitors. In this paper we applied multiparametric flow cytometry to patient-derived pancreatic cancer xenograft tumor cells to study the cell cycle perturbations of Wee1 disruption via the small molecule inhibitor MK-1775, and genetic knockdown. We find that in vitro treatment with MK-1775, and to a lesser degree, Wee1 RNA transcript knockdown, results in the striking appearance of S-phase cells prematurely entering into mitosis. This effect was not seen in vivo in any of the models tested. Here, although we noted an increase of S-phase cells expressing the damage response marker γH2AX, treatment with MK-1775 did not significantly sensitize cells to the cytidine analog gemcitabine. Treatment with MK-1775 did result in a transient but large increase in cells expressing the mitotic marker phosphorylated H3S10 that reached a peak 4 hours after treatment. This suggests a role for Wee1 regulating the progression of genomically unstable cancer cells through G2 in the absence of extrinsically-applied DNA damage. A single dose of 8Gy ionizing radiation resulted in the time-dependent accumulation of Cyclin A2 positive/phosphorylated H3S10 negative cells at the 4N position, which was abrogated by treatment with MK-1775. Consistent with these findings, a genome-scale pooled RNA interference screen revealed that toxic doses of MK-1775 are suppressed by CDK2 or Cyclin A2 knockdown. These findings support G2 exit as the more significant effect of Wee1 inhibition in pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chang
- a Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Center , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Megha Chandrashekhar
- b Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Department of Molecular Genetics , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Troy Ketela
- a Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Center , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Yaroslav Fedyshyn
- b Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Department of Molecular Genetics , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- b Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Department of Molecular Genetics , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - David Hedley
- a Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Center , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
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Chang Q, Ornatsky OI, Siddiqui I, Straus R, Baranov VI, Hedley DW. Biodistribution of cisplatin revealed by imaging mass cytometry identifies extensive collagen binding in tumor and normal tissues. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36641. [PMID: 27812005 PMCID: PMC5095658 DOI: 10.1038/srep36641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging mass cytometry was used for direct visualization of platinum localization in tissue sections from tumor and normal tissues of cisplatin-treated mice bearing pancreas cancer patient-derived xenografts. This recently-developed technology enabled simultaneous detection of multiple markers to define cell lineage, DNA damage response, cell proliferation and functional state, providing a highly detailed view of drug incorporation in tumor and normal tissues at the cellular level. A striking and unanticipated finding was the extensive binding of platinum to collagen fibers in both tumor and normal mouse tissues. Time course experiments indicated the slow release of stroma-bound platinum, although it is currently unclear if released platinum retains biological activity. Imaging mass cytometry offers a unique window into the in vivo effects of platinum compounds, and it is likely that this can be extended into the clinic in order to optimize the use of this important class of agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chang
- Fluidigm Canada Inc., 1380 Rodick Road, Markham, Ontario L3R 4G5, Canada
| | - Olga I Ornatsky
- Fluidigm Canada Inc., 1380 Rodick Road, Markham, Ontario L3R 4G5, Canada
| | - Iram Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Rita Straus
- Fluidigm Canada Inc., 1380 Rodick Road, Markham, Ontario L3R 4G5, Canada
| | - Vladimir I Baranov
- Fluidigm Canada Inc., 1380 Rodick Road, Markham, Ontario L3R 4G5, Canada
| | - David W Hedley
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
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Chen S, Chen JZ, Zhang JQ, Chen HX, Yan ML, Huang L, Tian YF, Chen YL, Wang YD. Hypoxia induces TWIST-activated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in nude mice. Cancer Lett 2016; 383:73-84. [PMID: 27693633 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) development and progression. TWIST activated by intra-tumoral hypoxia functions to promote the EMT. We hypothesized that TWIST and the downstream gene pathway could mediate PDAC progression under hypoxia. Therefore, 90 PDAC tissue specimens were immunostained for TWIST and other proteins. Pancreatic cancer cell lines were used for in vitro experiments and nude mice were used to confirm the in vivo data. Expression of TWIST and HIF-1α proteins was significantly upregulated, whereas expression of E-cadherin and p16 was down-regulated in PDAC tissues compared to that of non-tumor tissues and in tumor tissues obtained from patients with tumor involving splenic artery than those without splenic artery involvement. Up-regulated TWIST in tumor tissues were associated with worse prognosis in PDAC patients. The in vitro data showed that HIF-1α-induced TWIST overexpression promoted tumor cell growth and EMT under a hypoxic condition via TWIST interaction with Ring1B and EZH2. In vivo data showed that TWIST overexpression or a hypoxic condition induce xenograft growth, abdominal metastasis and low mouse survival, whereas knockdown of either Ring1B or EZH2 expression suppressed tumor xenograft growth and metastasis and prolonged survival of nude mice. TWIST was the key player in promotion of pancreatic cancer development and metastasis under a hypoxic condition through interaction with Ring1B and EZH2 to regulate expression of E-cadherin and p16 proteins in pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong, University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang-Zhi Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong, University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Xin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mao-Lin Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Long Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi-Feng Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Lin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Yao-Dong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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MacLaughlin CM, Ding L, Jin C, Cao P, Siddiqui I, Hwang DM, Chen J, Wilson BC, Zheng G, Hedley DW. Porphysome nanoparticles for enhanced photothermal therapy in a patient-derived orthotopic pancreas xenograft cancer model: a pilot study. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:84002. [PMID: 27552306 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.8.084002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Local disease control is a major challenge in pancreatic cancer treatment, because surgical resection of the primary tumor is only possible in a minority of patients and radiotherapy cannot be delivered in curative doses. Despite the promise of photothermal therapy (PTT) for focal ablation of pancreatic tumors, this approach remains underinvestigated. Using photothermal sensitizers in combination with laser light irradiation for PTT can result in more efficient conversion of light energy to heat and improved spatial confinement of thermal destruction to the tumor. Porphysomes are self-assembled nanoparticles composed mainly of pyropheophorbide-conjugated phospholipids, enabling the packing of ∼80,000 porphyrin photosensitizers per particle. The high-density porphyrin loading imparts enhanced photonic properties and enables high-payload tumor delivery. A patient-derived orthotopic pancreas xenograft model was used to evaluate the feasibility of porphysome-enhanced PTT for pancreatic cancer. Biodistribution and tumor accumulation were evaluated using fluorescence intensity measurements from homogenized tissues and imaging of excised organs. Tumor surface temperature was recorded using IR optical imaging during light irradiation to monitor treatment progress. Histological analyses were conducted to determine the extent of PTT thermal damage. These studies may provide insight into the influence of heat-sink effect on thermal therapy dosimetry for well-perfused pancreatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M MacLaughlin
- University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, CanadabUniversity of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, CanadacPrincess Margaret Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2M9, Canada
| | - Lili Ding
- University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Cheng Jin
- University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, CanadabUniversity of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, CanadadUniversity of Toronto, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2M9, Canada
| | - Pingjiang Cao
- University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Iram Siddiqui
- University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - David M Hwang
- University Health Network, Department of Pathology, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Juan Chen
- University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Brian C Wilson
- University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, CanadabUniversity of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, CanadacPrincess Margaret Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2M9, Canada
| | - Gang Zheng
- University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, CanadabUniversity of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, CanadadUniversity of Toronto, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2M9, Canada
| | - David W Hedley
- University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, CanadabUniversity of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, CanadacPrincess Margaret Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2M9, Canada
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128
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MR Imaging Biomarkers to Monitor Early Response to Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug TH-302 in Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155289. [PMID: 27227903 PMCID: PMC4882075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TH-302 is a hypoxia-activated prodrug known to activate selectively under the hypoxic conditions commonly found in solid tumors. It is currently being evaluated in clinical trials, including two trials in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas (PDAC). The current study was undertaken to evaluate imaging biomarkers for prediction and response monitoring of TH-302 efficacy in xenograft models of PDAC. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) and diffusion weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to monitor acute effects on tumor vasculature and cellularity, respectively. Three human PDAC xenografts with known differential responses to TH-302 were imaged prior to, and at 24 h and 48 hours following a single dose of TH-302 or vehicle to determine if imaging changes presaged changes in tumor volumes. DW-MRI was performed at five b-values to generate apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADC) maps. For DCE-MRI, a standard clinically available contrast reagent, Gd-DTPA, was used to determine blood flow into the tumor region of interest. TH-302 induced a dramatic decrease in the DCE transfer constant (Ktrans) within 48 hours after treatment in the sensitive tumors, Hs766t and Mia PaCa-2, whereas TH-302 had no effect on the perfusion behavior of resistant SU.86.86 tumors. Tumor cellularity, estimated from ADC, was significantly increased 24 and 48 hours after treatment in Hs766t, but was not observed in the Mia PaCa-2 and SU.86.86 groups. Notably, growth inhibition of Hs766t was observed immediately (day 3) following initiation of treatment, but was not observed in MiaPaCa-2 tumors until 8 days after initiation of treatment. Based on these preclinical findings, DCE-MRI measures of vascular perfusion dynamics and ADC measures of cell density are suggested as potential TH-302 response biomarkers in clinical trials.
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Miura K, Kimura K, Amano R, Yamazoe S, Ohira G, Murata A, Nishio K, Hasegawa T, Yashiro M, Nakata B, Ohira M, Hirakawa K. Establishment and characterization of new cell lines of anaplastic pancreatic cancer, which is a rare malignancy: OCUP-A1 and OCUP-A2. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:268. [PMID: 27067801 PMCID: PMC4828819 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic pancreatic cancer (APC) cell lines have been scarcely established. METHODS The morphology, gene expressions, karyotyping and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers of newly established APC cell lines OCUP-A1 and OCUP-A2 were analyzed. Their abilities of proliferation under normoxia and hypoxia, migration and invasion were compared to 4 commercially available pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cell lines. Their induction of angiogenesis, stem-like cell population and subcutaneous tumor growth in nude mice were estimated, comparing 2 PDA cell lines examined here. RESULTS OCUP-A1 and OCUP-A2 cells continuously grew with spindle and polygonal shapes, respectively. Gene analysis revealed 9 gene mutations including KRAS and TP53. Karyotyping clarified numerical structural abnormalities in both cells. Loss of E-cadherin and expression of vimentin in both cell lines were observed. The doubling time of both cell lines was approximately 20 h. Proliferation, migration and invasion abilities were not notable compared to other PDA cell lines. However stem-like cell population of both cell lines was superior to a part of PDA cell lines. Moreover OCUP-A1 showed stronger hypoxia tolerance and induction of angiogenesis than other PDA cell lines. The tumorigenicity in vivo of OCUP-A2 was stronger than conventional PDA cell lines. CONCLUSIONS The OCUP-A1 and OCUP-A2 cell lines of rare malignancies might be useful for investigating the biology of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Miura
- />Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 4-3, 1-chome, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, Osaka 545-8585 Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kimura
- />Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 4-3, 1-chome, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, Osaka 545-8585 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Amano
- />Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 4-3, 1-chome, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, Osaka 545-8585 Japan
| | - Sadaaki Yamazoe
- />Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 4-3, 1-chome, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, Osaka 545-8585 Japan
| | - Go Ohira
- />Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 4-3, 1-chome, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, Osaka 545-8585 Japan
| | - Akihiro Murata
- />Department of Hepato-Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City General Medical Center, 13-22, 2-chome, Miyakojimahondori, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka city, Osaka 534-0021 Japan
| | - Kohei Nishio
- />Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 4-3, 1-chome, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, Osaka 545-8585 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hasegawa
- />Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology, Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Harry T. Lester Hall 421 651 Colley Avenue,, Norfolk, 23501 VA USA
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- />Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 4-3, 1-chome, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, Osaka 545-8585 Japan
| | - Bunzo Nakata
- />Department of Surgery, Kashiwara Municipal Hospital, 1-chome, 7-9, Hozenji, Kashiwara city, Osaka 582-0005 Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- />Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 4-3, 1-chome, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, Osaka 545-8585 Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- />Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 4-3, 1-chome, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, Osaka 545-8585 Japan
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Tariq M, Ito A, Ishfaq M, Bradshaw E, Yoshida M. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) is essential for HIF-1α activation in hypoxia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:417-424. [PMID: 26773503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) is an essential protein involved in translation elongation and cell proliferation. eIF5A undergoes several post-translational modifications including hypusination and acetylation. Hypusination is indispensable for the function of eIF5A. On the other hand, the precise function of acetylation remains unknown, but it may render the protein inactive since hypusination blocks acetylation. Here, we report that acetylation of eIF5A increases under hypoxia. During extended hypoxic periods an increase in the level of eIF5A acetylation correlated with a decrease in HIF-1α, suggesting involvement of eIF5A activity in HIF-1α expression under hypoxia. Indeed, suppression of eIF5A by siRNA oligo-mediated knockdown or treatment with GC7, a deoxyhypusine synthase inhibitor, led to significant reduction of HIF-1α activity. Furthermore, knockdown of eIF5A or GC7 treatment reduced tumor spheroid formation with a concomitant decrease in HIF-1α expression. Our results suggest that functional, hypusinated eIF5A is necessary for HIF-1α expression during hypoxia and that eIF5A is an attractive target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tariq
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 645 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, AMED-CREST, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 645 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Elliot Bradshaw
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 645 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 645 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, AMED-CREST, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
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131
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Chand S, O'Hayer K, Blanco FF, Winter JM, Brody JR. The Landscape of Pancreatic Cancer Therapeutic Resistance Mechanisms. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:273-82. [PMID: 26929734 PMCID: PMC4753156 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.14951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, PDA) is infamously moving to the top of the list as one of the most lethal cancers with an overall 5 year survival rate of 7%. Multiple genomic-based and molecular characterization studies of PDA specimens and established animal models have provided the field with multiple targets and a progression model of this disease. Still, to date, the best therapeutic options are surgery and combination cytotoxic therapies. In general, even in the best case scenario (i.e., an early stage diagnosis and a response to a specific therapy), most of these fortunate patients' PDA cells acquire or exert resistance mechanisms and eventually kill the patient. Herein, we touch on a growing field of investigation that focuses on PDA cell therapeutic resistance mechanisms. We examine extrinsic elements (i.e., the tumor microenvironment, hypoxia) to the intrinsic processes within the cell (i.e., post-transcriptional gene regulation and somatic mutations) that are important for therapeutic efficacy and resistance. Even as better targeted and personalized approaches move through the clinical trial pipeline the discussed resistance mechanisms will most likely play a role in the management of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saswati Chand
- 1. Department of Surgery, The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center
| | - Kevin O'Hayer
- 1. Department of Surgery, The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center;; 2. Department of Medical Oncology, and the; 3. Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA
| | - Fernando F Blanco
- 1. Department of Surgery, The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center;; 3. Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA
| | - Jordan M Winter
- 1. Department of Surgery, The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- 1. Department of Surgery, The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center
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Abstract
The presence of a microenvironment within most tumours containing regions of low oxygen tension or hypoxia has profound biological and therapeutic implications. Tumour hypoxia is known to promote the development of an aggressive phenotype, resistance to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy and is strongly associated with poor clinical outcome. Paradoxically, it is recognised as a high-priority target and one of the therapeutic strategies designed to eradicate hypoxic cells in tumours is a group of compounds known collectively as hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs) or bioreductive drugs. These drugs are inactive prodrugs that require enzymatic activation (typically by 1 or 2 electron oxidoreductases) to generate cytotoxic species with selectivity for hypoxic cells being determined by (1) the ability of oxygen to either reverse or inhibit the activation process and (2) the presence of elevated expression of oxidoreductases in tumours. The concepts underpinning HAP development were established over 40 years ago and have been refined over the years to produce a new generation of HAPs that are under preclinical and clinical development. The purpose of this article is to describe current progress in the development of HAPs focusing on the mechanisms of action, preclinical properties and clinical progress of leading examples.
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Phillips RM. Targeting the hypoxic fraction of tumours using hypoxia-activated prodrugs. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 77:441-57. [PMID: 26811177 PMCID: PMC4767869 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a microenvironment within most tumours containing regions of low oxygen tension or hypoxia has profound biological and therapeutic implications. Tumour hypoxia is known to promote the development of an aggressive phenotype, resistance to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy and is strongly associated with poor clinical outcome. Paradoxically, it is recognised as a high-priority target and one of the therapeutic strategies designed to eradicate hypoxic cells in tumours is a group of compounds known collectively as hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs) or bioreductive drugs. These drugs are inactive prodrugs that require enzymatic activation (typically by 1 or 2 electron oxidoreductases) to generate cytotoxic species with selectivity for hypoxic cells being determined by (1) the ability of oxygen to either reverse or inhibit the activation process and (2) the presence of elevated expression of oxidoreductases in tumours. The concepts underpinning HAP development were established over 40 years ago and have been refined over the years to produce a new generation of HAPs that are under preclinical and clinical development. The purpose of this article is to describe current progress in the development of HAPs focusing on the mechanisms of action, preclinical properties and clinical progress of leading examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger M Phillips
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
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134
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Metran-Nascente C, Yeung I, Vines DC, Metser U, Dhani NC, Green D, Milosevic M, Jaffray D, Hedley DW. Measurement of Tumor Hypoxia in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Based on 18F-Fluoroazomyin Arabinoside Uptake. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:361-6. [PMID: 26769863 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.167650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pancreatic cancers are thought to be unusually hypoxic, which might sensitize them to drugs that are activated under hypoxic conditions. In order to develop this idea in the clinic, a minimally invasive technique for measuring the oxygenation status of pancreatic cancers is needed. METHODS We tested the potential for minimally invasive imaging of hypoxia in pancreatic cancer patients, using the 2-nitroimidazole PET tracer (18)F-fluoroazomycin arabinoside (or (18)F-1-α-D-[5-fluoro-5-deoxyarabinofuranosyl]-2-nitroimidazole [(18)F-FAZA]). Dynamic and static scans were obtained in 21 patients with either locally advanced or metastatic disease. The hypoxic fraction was determined in the 2-h static scans as the percentage of voxels with SUVs more than 3 SDs from the mean values obtained for skeletal muscle. RESULTS Hypoxia was detected in 15 of 20 evaluable patients, with the hypoxic fraction ranging from less than 5% to greater than 50%. Compartmental analysis of the dynamic scans allowed us to approximate the tumor perfusion as mL/min/g of tissue, a value that is independent of the extent of hypoxia derived from tracer uptake in the 2-h static scan. There was no significant correlation between tumor perfusion and hypoxia; nor did we see an association between tumor volume and hypoxia. CONCLUSION Although pancreatic cancers can be highly hypoxic, a substantial proportion appears to be well oxygenated. Therefore, we suggest that a minimally invasive technique such as the one described in this study be used for patient stratification in future clinical trials of hypoxia-targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Metran-Nascente
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ivan Yeung
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Douglass C Vines
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Ur Metser
- Department of Medical Imaging, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neesha C Dhani
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Green
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Michael Milosevic
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - David Jaffray
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - David W Hedley
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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135
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Zhang Z, Lau J, Kuo HT, Zhang C, Hundal-Jabal N, Colpo N, Bénard F, Lin KS. Synthesis and evaluation of 18 F-labeled 4-nitrobenzyl derivatives for imaging tumor hypoxia with positron emission tomography: Comparison of 2-[ 18 F]fluoroethyl carbonate and 2-[ 18 F]fluoroethyl carbamate. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:584-588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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136
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Efficient Protocol for the Identification of Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitisers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 899:269-90. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26666-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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137
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Hypoxia-Targeted Drug Q6 Induces G2-M Arrest and Apoptosis via Poisoning Topoisomerase II under Hypoxia. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26649750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144506.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the tremendous efforts dedicated to developing hypoxia-activated prodrugs, no agents yet have been approved for clinical therapy. In the present study, the hypoxic selective anti-cancer activity as well as the cellular target of a novel tirapazamine (TPZ) analogue, 7-methyl-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-quinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-dioxide (Q6) were investigated. Q6 implemented anti-cancer effects via poisoning topoisomerase II (topo II) under hypoxia. Modified trapped in agarose DNA immunostaining (TARDIS) assay showed more topo II-DNA cleavage complexes trapped by Q6 than TPZ at even lower concentration. In addition, by introducing ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase inhibitors caffeine and KU-60019, we displayed that Q6-triggered apoptosis was attributed, at least partially, to DNA double-strand breaks generated by the topo II-targeting effect. Collectively, Q6 stood out for its better hypoxia-selectivity and topo II-poisoning than the parental compound TPZ. All these data shed light on the research of Q6 as a promising hypoxia-activated prodrug candidate for human hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.
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138
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Chang L, Liu X, Wang D, Ma J, Zhou T, Chen Y, Sheng R, Hu Y, Du Y, He Q, Yang B, Zhu H. Hypoxia-Targeted Drug Q6 Induces G2-M Arrest and Apoptosis via Poisoning Topoisomerase II under Hypoxia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144506. [PMID: 26649750 PMCID: PMC4674137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of the tremendous efforts dedicated to developing hypoxia-activated prodrugs, no agents yet have been approved for clinical therapy. In the present study, the hypoxic selective anti-cancer activity as well as the cellular target of a novel tirapazamine (TPZ) analogue, 7-methyl-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-quinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-dioxide (Q6) were investigated. Q6 implemented anti-cancer effects via poisoning topoisomerase II (topo II) under hypoxia. Modified trapped in agarose DNA immunostaining (TARDIS) assay showed more topo II–DNA cleavage complexes trapped by Q6 than TPZ at even lower concentration. In addition, by introducing ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase inhibitors caffeine and KU-60019, we displayed that Q6-triggered apoptosis was attributed, at least partially, to DNA double-strand breaks generated by the topo II-targeting effect. Collectively, Q6 stood out for its better hypoxia-selectivity and topo II-poisoning than the parental compound TPZ. All these data shed light on the research of Q6 as a promising hypoxia-activated prodrug candidate for human hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Chang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Zhou
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Sheng
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongzhou Hu
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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139
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Dhani N, Fyles A, Hedley D, Milosevic M. The clinical significance of hypoxia in human cancers. Semin Nucl Med 2015; 45:110-21. [PMID: 25704384 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is present to some extent in most solid malignant human cancers because of an imbalance between the limited oxygen delivery capacity of the abnormal vasculature and the high oxygen consumption of tumor cells. This drives a complex and dynamic compensatory response to enable continued cell survival, including genomic changes leading to selection of hypoxia-adapted cells with a propensity to invade locally, metastasize, and recur following surgery or radiotherapy. There is indisputable clinical evidence from numerous observational and therapeutic studies across a range of tumor types to implicate hypoxia as a key determinant of cancer behavior and treatment outcome. Despite this, hypoxia-targeted treatment has failed to influence clinical practice. This is explained, in part, by emerging findings to indicate that hypoxia is not equally important in all patients even when present to the same extent. The impact of hypoxia on patient outcome and the benefit of hypoxia-targeted treatments are greatest in situations where hypoxia is a primary biological driver of disease behavior-patients with tumors having a "hypoxic driver" phenotype. The challenge for the clinical and scientific communities moving forward is to develop robust precision cancer medicine strategies for identifying these patients in the setting of other etiologic, genomic, and host-tumor factors, considering not only the state of the tumor at diagnosis but also changing patient and tumor characteristics over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neesha Dhani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anthony Fyles
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada; Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David Hedley
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Milosevic
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada; Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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140
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Joshi GK, Deitz-McElyea S, Liyanage T, Lawrence K, Mali S, Sardar R, Korc M. Label-Free Nanoplasmonic-Based Short Noncoding RNA Sensing at Attomolar Concentrations Allows for Quantitative and Highly Specific Assay of MicroRNA-10b in Biological Fluids and Circulating Exosomes. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11075-89. [PMID: 26444644 PMCID: PMC4660391 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short noncoding RNAs consisting of 18-25 nucleotides that target specific mRNA moieties for translational repression or degradation, thereby modulating numerous biological processes. Although microRNAs have the ability to behave like oncogenes or tumor suppressors in a cell-autonomous manner, their exact roles following release into the circulation are only now being unraveled and it is important to establish sensitive assays to measure their levels in different compartments in the circulation. Here, an ultrasensitive localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based microRNA sensor with single nucleotide specificity was developed using chemically synthesized gold nanoprisms attached onto a solid substrate with unprecedented long-term stability and reversibility. The sensor was used to specifically detect microRNA-10b at the attomolar (10(-18) M) concentration in pancreatic cancer cell lines, derived tissue culture media, human plasma, and media and plasma exosomes. In addition, for the first time, our label-free and nondestructive sensing technique was used to quantify microRNA-10b in highly purified exosomes isolated from patients with pancreatic cancer or chronic pancreatitis, and from normal controls. We show that microRNA-10b levels were significantly higher in plasma-derived exosomes from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients when compared with patients with chronic pancreatitis or normal controls. Our findings suggest that this unique technique can be used to design novel diagnostic strategies for pancreatic and other cancers based on the direct quantitative measurement of plasma and exosome microRNAs, and can be readily extended to other diseases with identifiable microRNA signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri K. Joshi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 326, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Samantha Deitz-McElyea
- Departments of Medicine, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, and the Pancreatic Cancer Signature Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, R3-C528, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Thakshila Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 326, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Katie Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 326, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Sonali Mali
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 326, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Rajesh Sardar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 326, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 North Blackford Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Address correspondence to ,
| | - Murray Korc
- Departments of Medicine, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, and the Pancreatic Cancer Signature Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, R3-C528, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Address correspondence to ,
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141
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Blanco FF, Jimbo M, Wulfkuhle J, Gallagher I, Deng J, Enyenihi L, Meisner-Kober N, Londin E, Rigoutsos I, Sawicki JA, Risbud MV, Witkiewicz AK, McCue PA, Jiang W, Rui H, Yeo CJ, Petricoin E, Winter JM, Brody JR. The mRNA-binding protein HuR promotes hypoxia-induced chemoresistance through posttranscriptional regulation of the proto-oncogene PIM1 in pancreatic cancer cells. Oncogene 2015; 35:2529-41. [PMID: 26387536 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previously, it has been shown that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) tumors exhibit high levels of hypoxia, characterized by low oxygen pressure (pO2) and decreased O2 intracellular perfusion. Chronic hypoxia is strongly associated with resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy and chemoradiation in an understudied phenomenon known as hypoxia-induced chemoresistance. The hypoxia-inducible, pro-oncogenic, serine-threonine kinase PIM1 (Proviral Integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1) has emerged as a key regulator of hypoxia-induced chemoresistance in PDA and other cancers. Although its role in therapeutic resistance has been described previously, the molecular mechanism behind PIM1 overexpression in PDA is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that cis-acting AU-rich elements (ARE) present within a 38-base pair region of the PIM1 mRNA 3'-untranslated region mediate a regulatory interaction with the mRNA stability factor HuR (Hu antigen R) in the context of tumor hypoxia. Predominantly expressed in the nucleus in PDA cells, HuR translocates to the cytoplasm in response to hypoxic stress and stabilizes the PIM1 mRNA transcript, resulting in PIM1 protein overexpression. A reverse-phase protein array revealed that HuR-mediated regulation of PIM1 protects cells from hypoxic stress through phosphorylation and inactivation of the apoptotic effector BAD and activation of MEK1/2. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of HuR by MS-444 inhibits HuR homodimerization and its cytoplasmic translocation, abrogates hypoxia-induced PIM1 overexpression and markedly enhances PDA cell sensitivity to oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil under physiologic low oxygen conditions. Taken together, these results support the notion that HuR has prosurvival properties in PDA cells by enabling them with growth advantages in stressful tumor microenvironment niches. Accordingly, these studies provide evidence that therapeutic disruption of HuR's regulation of PIM1 may be a key strategy in breaking an elusive chemotherapeutic resistance mechanism acquired by PDA cells that reside in hypoxic PDA microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Blanco
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Jimbo
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Wulfkuhle
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - I Gallagher
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - J Deng
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - L Enyenihi
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N Meisner-Kober
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis, Switzerland
| | - E Londin
- Center for Computational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - I Rigoutsos
- Center for Computational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J A Sawicki
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M V Risbud
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A K Witkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - P A McCue
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - W Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H Rui
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C J Yeo
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - J M Winter
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J R Brody
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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142
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Keulers TG, Schaaf MB, Peeters HJ, Savelkouls KG, Vooijs MA, Bussink J, Jutten B, Rouschop KM. GABARAPL1 is required for increased EGFR membrane expression during hypoxia. Radiother Oncol 2015; 116:417-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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143
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Dhani NC, Serra S, Pintilie M, Schwock J, Xu J, Gallinger S, Hill RP, Hedley DW. Analysis of the intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity of hypoxia in pancreatic cancer patients receiving the nitroimidazole tracer pimonidazole. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:864-71. [PMID: 26325106 PMCID: PMC4578083 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxia is thought to be an adverse feature of pancreatic cancer, but direct measurement in patients is technically challenging. To address this, we characterised the intra/interpatient heterogeneity of hypoxia in surgical specimens from patients who received the 2-nitroimidazole tracer pimonidazole pre-operatively. Methods: Pimondazole was given intravenously 16–20 h before pancreatectomy, and the extent and intratumoral heterogeneity of hypoxia determined by image analysis applied to multiple tissue blocks stained by immunohistochemistry. Intra/interpatient heterogeneity was estimated by variance component analysis. Results: Pimonidazole staining was analysed in 10 tumours. The extent of labelling varied amongst patients (0–26%), with a broader range of hypoxia in the epithelial (1–39%) compared with the stromal (1–13%) compartments. Variance component analysis demonstrated greater inter- than intrapatient variability of hypoxia, and that multiple (4–5) tumour sections are required to provide a consistent evaluation of its extent in individual tumours. Conclusions: There is significant intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity of hypoxia in pancreatic cancers, and these do not appear to be generally more hypoxic than other cancer types. This study establishes the feasibility to assess hypoxia in pancreatic cancer patients using pimonidazole, but questions the reliability of measurements made using a single tissue section.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Dhani
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - S Serra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - M Pintilie
- Department of Biostatistics, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9
| | - J Schwock
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - J Xu
- Applied Molecular Profiling Laboratory, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - S Gallinger
- Division of Hepato-biliary Pancreatic Surgical Oncology, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - R P Hill
- Radiation Medicine Program, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - D W Hedley
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9
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144
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Harris BHL, Barberis A, West CML, Buffa FM. Gene Expression Signatures as Biomarkers of Tumour Hypoxia. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2015; 27:547-60. [PMID: 26282471 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a feature of most solid tumours and is associated with a poor prognosis. The hypoxic environment can reduce the efficacy of radiotherapy and some chemotherapeutics, and has been investigated extensively as a therapeutic target. The clinical use of hypoxia-targeting treatment will benefit from the development of a biomarker to assess tumour hypoxia. There are several possible techniques that measure either the level of oxygen or the tumour molecular response to hypoxia. The latter includes gene expression profiling, which measures the transcriptional response of a tumour to its hypoxic microenvironment. A systematic review identified 32 published hypoxia gene expression signatures. The methods used for their derivation varied, but are broadly classified as: (i) identifying genes with significantly higher or lower expression in cancer cells cultured under hypoxic versus normoxic conditions; (ii) using either previously characterised hypoxia-regulated genes/biomarkers to define hypoxic tumours and then identifying other genes that are over- or under-expressed in the hypoxic tumours. Both generated gene signatures useful in furthering our understanding of hypoxia biology. However, signatures derived using the second method seem to be superior in terms of providing prognostic information. Here we summarise all 32 published hypoxia signatures, discuss their commonalities and differences, and highlight their strengths and limitations. This review also highlights the importance of reproducibility and gene annotation, which must be accounted for to transfer signatures robustly for clinical application as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H L Harris
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - A Barberis
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - C M L West
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Christie Hospital, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - F M Buffa
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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145
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Kramer RM, Russell J, Humm JL. Distribution of Gemcitabine Is Nearly Homogenous in Two Orthotopic Murine Models of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2015. [PMID: 26203552 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2015.1869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the United States. Gemcitabine is a common treatment, but response rates are low, perhaps due in part to tumor hypoxia. We utilized (14)C-labeled gemcitabine to map distribution of the drug with respect to perfused and hypoxic regions of the tumor microenvironment in two orthotopic xenograft models of pancreatic cancer. There was only a slight reduction in gemcitabine in hypoxic areas, with ∼78% of the drug present in hypoxic compared to perfused areas. In addition, only a 4% reduction in gemcitabine was measured at >100 μm from perfused blood vessels. Thus, despite significant areas of hypoxia in these tumors, gemcitabine distribution is relatively homogenous. Ours is the first study to directly measure gemcitabine distribution within tumor tissue, demonstrating that in these models, tumor tissue does not represent a barrier to gemcitabine penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Kramer
- 1 Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, The Rockefeller University , New York, New York
| | - James Russell
- 2 Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York
| | - John L Humm
- 2 Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York
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146
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BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations sensitize to chemotherapy in patient-derived pancreatic cancer xenografts. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:425-32. [PMID: 26180923 PMCID: PMC4522629 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Germline mutations of the BRCA tumour suppressors have been associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Clinical evidence suggests that these patients may be more sensitive to treatment with cisplatin. As the frequency of germline BRCA mutations is low, definitive experimental data to support the clinical observations are still missing. Methods: We tested gemcitabine and cisplatin sensitivity of four BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutant and three BRCA1 and BRCA2 wild-type (WT) patient-derived pancreatic cancer xenografts. Results: We observed treatment sensitivity to gemcitabine and cisplatin in the BRCA WT and mutant models. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutant xenografts were significantly more sensitive to cisplatin although these models also showed sensitivity to gemcitabine. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 WT models showed sensitivity to gemcitabine but not cisplatin. Treatment sensitivity in the xenograft models closely resembled treatment response in the corresponding patients. Discussion: We have characterised a panel of xenografts derived from pancreatic cancer patients carrying germline BRCA mutations, and shown that their genetic features resemble the patient donor. Our results support further clinical testing of treatment regimens combining gemcitabine and platinum drugs in this patient population, as well as preclinical research aiming to identify mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in BRCA mutant pancreatic cancers.
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147
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Cohen R, Neuzillet C, Tijeras-Raballand A, Faivre S, de Gramont A, Raymond E. Targeting cancer cell metabolism in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:16832-47. [PMID: 26164081 PMCID: PMC4627277 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is expected to become the second leading cause of cancer death by 2030. Current therapeutic options are limited, warranting an urgent need to explore innovative treatment strategies. Due to specific microenvironment constraints including an extensive desmoplastic stroma reaction, PDAC faces major metabolic challenges, principally hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. Their connection with oncogenic alterations such as KRAS mutations has brought metabolic reprogramming to the forefront of PDAC therapeutic research. The Warburg effect, glutamine addiction, and autophagy stand as the most important adaptive metabolic mechanisms of cancer cells themselves, however metabolic reprogramming is also an important feature of the tumor microenvironment, having a major impact on epigenetic reprogramming and tumor cell interactions with its complex stroma. We present a comprehensive overview of the main metabolic adaptations contributing to PDAC development and progression. A review of current and future therapies targeting this range of metabolic pathways is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Cohen
- INSERM U728, Beaujon University Hospital (AP-HP – PRES Paris 7 Diderot), Clichy La Garenne, France
| | - Cindy Neuzillet
- INSERM U728, Beaujon University Hospital (AP-HP – PRES Paris 7 Diderot), Clichy La Garenne, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France
| | | | - Sandrine Faivre
- Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Armand de Gramont
- New Drug Evaluation Laboratory, Centre of Experimental Therapeutics and Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Raymond
- Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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148
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Schreiber-Brynzak E, Klapproth E, Unger C, Lichtscheidl-Schultz I, Göschl S, Schweighofer S, Trondl R, Dolznig H, Jakupec MA, Keppler BK. Three-dimensional and co-culture models for preclinical evaluation of metal-based anticancer drugs. Invest New Drugs 2015; 33:835-47. [PMID: 26091914 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-015-0260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic and necrotic regions that accrue within solid tumors in vivo are known to be associated with metastasis formation, radio- and chemotherapy resistance, and drug metabolism. Therefore, integration of these tumor characteristics into in vitro drug screening models is advantageous for any reliable investigation of the anticancer activity of novel drug candidates. In general, usage of cell culture models with in vivo like characteristics has become essential in preclinical drug studies and allows evaluation of complex problems such as tumor selectivity and anti-invasive properties of the drug candidates. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of clinically approved, investigational and experimental drugs based on platinum (cisplatin, oxaliplatin and KP1537), gallium (KP46), ruthenium (KP1339) and lanthanum (KP772) in different cell culture models such as monolayers, multicellular spheroids, as well as invasion and metastasis models. Results Application of the Alamar Blue assay to multicellular spheroids and a spheroid-based invasion assay resulted in an altered rating of compounds with regard to their cytotoxicity and ability to inhibit invasion when compared with monolayer-based cytotoxicity and transwell assays. For example, the gallium-based drug candidate KP46 showed in spheroid cultures significantly enhanced properties to inhibit protrusion formation and fibroblast mediated invasiveness, and improved cancer cell selectivity. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results demonstrate the advantages of spheroid-based assays and underline the necessity of using different experimental models for reliable preclinical investigations assessing and better predicting the anticancer potential of new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Schreiber-Brynzak
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
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149
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Moir JAG, Mann J, White SA. The role of pancreatic stellate cells in pancreatic cancer. Surg Oncol 2015; 24:232-8. [PMID: 26080604 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of pancreatic cancer remains desperately poor, with little progress made over the past 30 years despite the development of new combination chemotherapy regimens. Stromal activity is especially prominent in the tissue surrounding pancreatic tumours, and has a profound influence in dictating tumour development and dissemination. Pancreatic stellate cells (PaSCs) have a key role in this tumour microenvironment, and have been the subject of much research in the past decade. This review examines the relationship between PaSCs and cancer cells. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed of multiple databases up to March 2014, including Medline, Pubmed and Google Scholar. RESULTS A complex bidirectional interplay exists between PaSCs and cancer cells, resulting in a perpetuating loop of increased activity and an overriding pro-tumorigenic effect. This involves a number of signalling pathways that also impacts on other stromal components and vasculature, contributing to chemoresistance. The Reverse Warburg Effect is also introduced as a novel concept in tumour stroma. CONCLUSION This review highlights the pancreatic tumour microenvironment, and in particular PaSCs, as an ideal target for therapeutics. There are a number of cellular processes involving PaSCs which could hold the key to more effectively treating pancreatic cancer. The feasibility of targeting these pathways warrant further in depth investigation, with the aim of reducing the aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer and improving chemodelivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A G Moir
- Freeman Hospital, Department of HPB and Transplant Surgery, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Institute of Cellular Medicine, Fibrosis Lab, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Jelena Mann
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Fibrosis Lab, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Steve A White
- Freeman Hospital, Department of HPB and Transplant Surgery, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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150
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Pisco AO, Huang S. Non-genetic cancer cell plasticity and therapy-induced stemness in tumour relapse: 'What does not kill me strengthens me'. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1725-32. [PMID: 25965164 PMCID: PMC4647245 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy resistance and tumour relapse after drug therapy are commonly explained by Darwinian selection of pre-existing drug-resistant, often stem-like cancer cells resulting from random mutations. However, the ubiquitous non-genetic heterogeneity and plasticity of tumour cell phenotype raises the question: are mutations really necessary and sufficient to promote cell phenotype changes during tumour progression? Cancer therapy inevitably spares some cancer cells, even in the absence of resistant mutants. Accumulating observations suggest that the non-killed, residual tumour cells actively acquire a new phenotype simply by exploiting their developmental potential. These surviving cells are stressed by the cytotoxic treatment, and owing to phenotype plasticity, exhibit a variety of responses. Some are pushed into nearby, latent attractor states of the gene regulatory network which resemble evolutionary ancient or early developmental gene expression programs that confer stemness and resilience. By entering such stem-like, stress-response states, the surviving cells strengthen their capacity to cope with future noxious agents. Considering non-genetic cell state dynamics and the relative ease with which surviving but stressed cells can be tipped into latent attractors provides a foundation for exploring new therapeutic approaches that seek not only to kill cancer cells but also to avoid promoting resistance and relapse that are inherently linked to the attempts to kill them.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Pisco
- 1] Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA [2] Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - S Huang
- 1] Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA [2] Institute for Biocomplexity and Informatics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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