101
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Rao Q, Chen Y, Yeh CR, Ding J, Li L, Chang C, Yeh S. Recruited mast cells in the tumor microenvironment enhance bladder cancer metastasis via modulation of ERβ/CCL2/CCR2 EMT/MMP9 signals. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7842-55. [PMID: 26556868 PMCID: PMC4884958 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Early clinical studies suggested that infiltrating mast cells could be associated with a poor outcome in bladder cancer (BCa) patients. The mechanisms of how mast cells influence the BCa progression, however, are unclear. Using the human clinical BCa sample survey and in vitro co-culture systems, we found BCa cells could recruit more mast cells than the surrounding non-malignant urothelial cells. The consequences of this better recruitment of mast cells toward BCa cells could then enhance BCa cell invasion. Mechanism dissection revealed that the enhanced BCa cell invasion could function via up-regulation of the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in both mast cells and BCa cells, which resulted in the increased CCL2/CCR2/EMT/MMP9 signals. Using the pre-clinical mouse BCa model, we further validated the mast cell-promoted BCa invasion. Interruption of the newly identified ERβ/CCL2/CCR2/EMT/MMP9 pathway via either ERβ-siRNA, ERβ antagonist PHTPP, or CCR2 antagonist can effectively reverse the mast cell-enhanced BCa cells invasion. Together, our finding could lead to the development of an alternative new therapeutic approach to better treat BCa metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Rao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Medical College/Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College/Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yuan Chen
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College/Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chiuan-Ren Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jie Ding
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lei Li
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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102
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Zubkova ES, Beloglazova IB, Makarevich PI, Boldyreva MA, Sukhareva OY, Shestakova MV, Dergilev KV, Parfyonova YV, Menshikov MY. Regulation of Adipose Tissue Stem Cells Angiogenic Potential by Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:180-96. [PMID: 26096299 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration requires coordinated "teamwork" of growth factors, proteases, progenitor and immune cells producing inflammatory cytokines. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) might play a pivotal role by substituting cells or by secretion of growth factors or cytokines, and attraction of progenitor and inflammatory cells, which participate in initial stages of tissue repair. Due to obvious impact of inflammation on regeneration it seems promising to explore whether inflammatory factors could influence proangiogenic abilities of MSC. In this study we investigated effects of TNF-α on activity of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC). We found that treatment with TNF-α enhances ADSC proliferation, F-actin microfilament assembly, increases cell motility and migration through extracellular matrix. Exposure of ADSC to TNF-α led to increased mRNA expression of proangiogenic factors (FGF-2, VEGF, IL-8, and MCP-1), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6), proteases (MMPs, uPA) and adhesion molecule ICAM-1. At the protein level, VEGF, IL-8, MCP-1, and ICAM-1 production was also up-regulated. Pre-incubation of ADSC with TNF-α-enhanced adhesion of monocytes to ADSC but suppressed adherence of ADSC to endothelial cells (HUVEC). Stimulation with TNF-α triggers ROS generation and activates a number of key intracellular signaling mediators known to positively regulate angiogenesis (Akt, small GTPase Rac1, ERK1/2, and p38 MAP-kinases). Pre-treatment with TNF-α-enhanced ADSC ability to promote growth of microvessels in a fibrin gel assay and accelerate blood flow recovery, which was accompanied by increased arteriole density and reduction of necrosis in mouse hind limb ischemia model. These findings indicate that TNF-α plays a role in activation of ADSC angiogenic and regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Zubkova
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Irina B Beloglazova
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel I Makarevich
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria A Boldyreva
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Marina V Shestakova
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Yelena V Parfyonova
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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103
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Lee JY, Kong G. Roles and epigenetic regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its transcription factors in cancer initiation and progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4643-4660. [PMID: 27460000 PMCID: PMC11108467 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial developmental process by which epithelial cells undergo a mesenchymal phenotypic change. During EMT, epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation and histone modifications are involved in the regulation of EMT-related genes. The epigenetic gene silencing of the epithelial marker E-cadherin has been well characterized. In particular, three major transcriptional repressors of E-cadherin, Snail, ZEB, and Twist families, also known as EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), play a crucial role in this process by cooperating with multiple epigenetic modifiers. Furthermore, recent studies have identified the novel epigenetic modifiers that control the expression of EMT-TFs, and these modifiers have emerged as critical regulators of cancer development and as novel therapeutic targets for human cancer. In this review, the diverse functions of EMT-TFs in cancer progression, the cooperative mechanisms of EMT-TFs with epigenetic modifiers, and epigenetic regulatory roles for the expression of EMT-TFs will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yeon Lee
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research (IBBR), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Kong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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104
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Gong T, Zhao K, Liu X, Lu L, Liu D, Zhou S. A Dynamically Tunable, Bioinspired Micropatterned Surface Regulates Vascular Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells Growth at Vascularization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:5769-5778. [PMID: 27595865 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of the growth of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with artificial vascular grafts at vascularization is well-known to regenerate functional blood vessels for treating cardiovascular disease; however, little research has been published on this subject. Here, a novel polymer vascular graft is presented, whose inner surface contains an assembled circular microgroove pattern decorated with a combination of concentric circular microgrooves and radial, straight microgrooves inspired by the orientation of SMCs and ECs in natural tissues. The surface micropatterns can produce dynamically tunable variations via the thermally switched shape memory. The results from the in vitro EC/SMC co-cultures reveal that the surface micropatterns have a great capacity to regulate the specific distribution of ECs/SMCs because the ECs grow along the radial, straight microgrooves and the SMCs grow along concentric circular microgrooves. The in vivo vascularization is further analyzed by implanting the vascular graft in the rabbit carotid artery. Both histological analysis and immunofluorescence staining demonstrate that it is capable of highly effectively capturing ECs and SMCs in the blood and subsequent regeneration of new blood vessels. Therefore, this study opens a new possibility for regenerating neovessels to replace and repair damaged vessels for cardiovascular diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Xian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Liuxuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Dian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, P. R. China.
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105
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Shen H, Li L, Zhou S, Yu D, Yang S, Chen X, Wang D, Zhong S, Zhao J, Tang J. The role of ADAM17 in tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5418-y. [PMID: 27658778 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family members are known to process the target membrane-bound molecules through the quick induction of their protease activities under interaction with other molecules, which have diverse roles in tissue morphogenesis and pathophysiological remodeling. Among these, ADAM17 is a membrane-bound protease that sheds the extracellular domain of various receptors or its ligands from the cell membrane and subsequently activates downstream signaling transduction pathways. Importantly, breast cancer remains a mainspring of cancer-induced death in women, and numerous regulatory pathways have been implicated in the formation of breast cancer. Substantial evidence has demonstrated that an obvious increased in ADAM17 cell surface expression has been discovered in breast cancer and was shown to be associated with mammary tumorigenesis, invasiveness, and drug resistance. Over the last decades, it has received more than its share of attention that ADAM17 plays a potential role in breast cancer, including cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and trastuzumab resistance. In our review, we discuss the mechanisms through which ADAM17 acts on breast cancer tumorigenesis and progression. Thus, this will provide further impetus for exploiting ADAM17 as a new target for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Shen
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Liangpeng Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changle Road 68, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210006, China
| | - Siying Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Sujin Yang
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Shanliang Zhong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
| | - Jinhai Tang
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
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106
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Gallardo M, Calaf GM. Curcumin inhibits invasive capabilities through epithelial mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cell lines. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1019-27. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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107
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Tobi M, Thomas P, Ezekwudo D. Avoiding hepatic metastasis naturally: Lessons from the cotton top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus). World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5479-94. [PMID: 27350726 PMCID: PMC4917608 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i24.5479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Much has been written about hepatic metastasis and animal models abound. In terms of the human experience, progress in treating this final common pathway, a terminal event of many human malignancies has been relatively slow. The current thinking is that primary prevention is best served by early detection of cancer and eradication of early stage cancers by screening. Some cancers spread early in their course and the role of screening may be limited. Until relatively recently there has not been a pathfinder model that makes the evasion of this unfortunate event a reality. This review discusses such an animal model and attempts to relate it to human disease in terms of intervention. Concrete proposals are also offered on how scientists may be able to intervene to prevent this deadly progression of the cancer process.
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108
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Wang L, Zhou R, Zhao Y, Dong S, Zhang J, Luo Y, Huang N, Shi M, Bin J, Liao Y, Liao W. MACC-1 Promotes Endothelium-Dependent Angiogenesis in Gastric Cancer by Activating TWIST1/VEGF-A Signal Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157137. [PMID: 27280289 PMCID: PMC4900635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelium-dependent angiogenesis is thought to be a crucial step in cancer progression. We previously reported that metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) contributed to the vasculogenic mimicry in gastric cancer (GC), but it remains unknown whether MACC1 promotes endothelium-dependent angiogenesis of GC and whether TWIST1 is involved in this process. In the present study, we detected MACC1 expression and microvessel density (MVD) by immunohistochemistry in 159 patients with stage I-III GC, and investigated the role of TWIST1 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in MACC1-induced endothelium-dependent angiogenesis using nude mice with GC xenografts, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) that were co-cultured with conditioned media from overexpression and interference MACC1 GC cells. We found that MACC1 expression was positively correlated with an increased MVD and tumor recurrence in GC patients. In GC xenograft models, MACC1 elevated MVD and upregulated the expression of VEGF-A as well as accelerated tumor growth. In addition, MACC1 obviously increased the expression of TWIST1 and induced tube-like formation of HUVECs, whereas attenuation of TWIST1 suppressed the protein expression of VEGF-A and repealed the effect of MACC1 on tube formation. Our findings shed light on the function of MACC1 in endothelium-dependent angiogenesis of GC and suggest potential prognostic and therapeutic value.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/blood supply
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Signal Transduction
- Stomach Neoplasms/blood supply
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Survival Rate
- Trans-Activators
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Twist-Related Protein 1/genetics
- Twist-Related Protein 1/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoting Dong
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Luo
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Huang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Bin
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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109
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Lim SY, Yuzhalin AE, Gordon-Weeks AN, Muschel RJ. Targeting the CCL2-CCR2 signaling axis in cancer metastasis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:28697-710. [PMID: 26885690 PMCID: PMC5053756 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The CCL2-CCR2 signaling axis has generated increasing interest in recent years due to its association with the progression of cancer. Although first described as a chemotactic molecule with physiological roles in regulating inflammation, recent studies have revealed a pro-tumorigenic function for CCL2 in favoring cancer development and subsequent metastasis. CCL2 binds the cognate receptor CCR2, and together this signaling pair has been shown to have multiple pro-tumorigenic roles, from mediating tumor growth and angiogenesis to recruiting and usurping host stromal cells to support tumor progression. The importance of CCL2-CCR2 signaling has been further championed by the establishment of clinical trials targeting this signaling pair in solid and metastatic cancers. Here we review the roles of CCL2-CCR2 signaling in the development and progression of cancer metastasis. We further evaluate the outcome of several clinical trials targeting either CCL2 or CCR2, and discuss the prospects and challenges of manipulating CCL2-CCR2 interaction as a potential approach for combating metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yin Lim
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Arseniy E. Yuzhalin
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alex N. Gordon-Weeks
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth J. Muschel
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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110
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Zhang L, Erfle H, Harder N, Beneke J, Beil N, Bulkescher R, Rohr K, Keese M. High-Throughput RNAi Screening Identifies a Role for the Osteopontin Pathway in Proliferation and Migration of Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2016; 30:281-95. [PMID: 27095116 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-016-6663-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding of the mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotypic regulation is critically important to identify novel candidates for future therapeutic intervention. While HTS approaches have recently been used to identify novel regulators in many cell lines, such as cancer cells and hematopoietic stem cells, no studies have so far systematically investigated the effect of gene inactivation on VSMCs with respect to cell survival and growth response. METHODS AND RESULTS 257 out of 2000 genes tested resulted in an inhibition of cell proliferation in HaoSMCs. After pathway analysis, 38 significant genes were selected for further study. 23 genes were confirmed to inhibit proliferation, and 13 genes found to induce apoptosis in the synthetic phenotype. 11 genes led to an aberrant nuclear phenotype indicating a central role in cell mitosis. 4 genes affected the cell migration in synthetic HaoSMCs. Using computational biological network analysis, 11 genes were identified to have an indirect or direct interaction with the Osteopontin pathway. For 10 of those genes, levels of proteins downstream of the Osteopontin pathway were found to be down-regulated, using RNAi methodology. CONCLUSIONS A phenotypic high-throughput siRNA screen could be applied to identify genes relevant for the cell biology of HaoSMCs. Novel genes were identified which play a role in proliferation, apoptosis, mitosis and migration of HaoSMCs. These may represent potential drug candidates in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, INF 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Holger Erfle
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, INF 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Harder
- BioQuant and IPMB, University of Heidelberg and DKFZ, Biomedical Computer Vision Group, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Beneke
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, INF 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Beil
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, INF 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruben Bulkescher
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, INF 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl Rohr
- BioQuant and IPMB, University of Heidelberg and DKFZ, Biomedical Computer Vision Group, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Keese
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany. .,Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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111
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Matsusaka S, Zhang W, Cao S, Hanna DL, Sunakawa Y, Sebio A, Ueno M, Yang D, Ning Y, Parekh A, Okazaki S, Berger MD, Ichikawa W, Mizunuma N, Lenz HJ. TWIST1 Polymorphisms Predict Survival in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Receiving First-Line Bevacizumab plus Oxaliplatin-Based Chemotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1405-11. [PMID: 26983880 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important mechanism of resistance to angiogenesis inhibition. The ability of EMT pathway genetic variants to predict the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy is unknown. We analyzed associations between functional SNPs in EMT-related genes and outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients undergoing first-line bevacizumab-based chemotherapy. A total of 220 mCRC patients were included in this study: 143 patients treated with first-line bevacizumab-based chemotherapy (bevacizumab cohort) and 77 patients treated with cetuximab-based chemotherapy (cetuximab cohort). SNPs in TWIST1 (rs2285682, rs2285681), ZEB1 (rs10826943, rs2839658), SNAIL (rs1543442, rs4647958), and E-cadherin (rs16260) genes were analyzed by PCR-based direct sequencing. Patients carrying a TWIST1 rs2285682 G allele had a significantly longer median progression-free survival (PFS) of 18.1 months and overall survival (OS) of 44.1 months compared with those with the T/T genotype, who had a median PFS of 13.3 months (HR, 0.57; P = 0.003) and OS of 29.2 months (HR, 0.53; P = 0.001) in the bevacizumab cohort. In multivariate analysis, associations between TWIST1 rs2285682 and PFS and OS remained significant. Among women, the G allele of TWIST1 rs2285682 (PFS HR, 0.39; P = 0.007; OS HR, 0.30; P = 0.001) and TWIST1 rs2285681 (PFS HR, 0.27; P < 0.001; OS HR, 0.25; P < 0.001) was associated with improved survival. No significant associations were found in the cetuximab cohort. Our findings suggest that TWIST1 polymorphisms are associated with survival in mCRC patients treated with first-line bevacizumab-based chemotherapy and may serve as clinically useful biomarkers for antiangiogenic therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(6); 1405-11. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Matsusaka
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wu Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shu Cao
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Diana L Hanna
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yu Sunakawa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ana Sebio
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Masashi Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dongyun Yang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yan Ning
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anish Parekh
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Satoshi Okazaki
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Martin D Berger
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wataru Ichikawa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mizunuma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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High nuclear expression of Twist1 in the skeletal extramedullary disease of myeloma patients predicts inferior survival. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:210-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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113
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Macrophages: Regulators of the Inflammatory Microenvironment during Mammary Gland Development and Breast Cancer. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:4549676. [PMID: 26884646 PMCID: PMC4739263 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4549676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are critical mediators of inflammation and important regulators of developmental processes. As a key phagocytic cell type, macrophages evolved as part of the innate immune system to engulf and process cell debris and pathogens. Macrophages produce factors that act directly on their microenvironment and also bridge innate immune responses to the adaptive immune system. Resident macrophages are important for acting as sensors for tissue damage and maintaining tissue homeostasis. It is now well-established that macrophages are an integral component of the breast tumor microenvironment, where they contribute to tumor growth and progression, likely through many of the mechanisms that are utilized during normal wound healing responses. Because macrophages contribute to normal mammary gland development and breast cancer growth and progression, this review will discuss both resident mammary gland macrophages and tumor-associated macrophages with an emphasis on describing how macrophages interact with their surrounding environment during normal development and in the context of cancer.
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114
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Zhu QQ, Ma C, Wang Q, Song Y, Lv T. The role of TWIST1 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancers. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:185-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Xiang Z, Li Q, Chang A, Zhuo X, Zhang X. Expression and significance of TWIST, a zinc finger transcription factor, in laryngeal carcinoma among Chinese population: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:18351-18358. [PMID: 26770438 PMCID: PMC4694338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
TWIST, an epithelial-mesenchymal transition inducer, has been implicated in the progression of a variety of cancers. Published evidence concerning the association of TWIST expression with laryngeal carcinoma risk has generated inconclusive results. Thus, we aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to address this controversy. A meta-analysis assessing the expression of TWIST in laryngeal cancer was conducted. Eligible studies for the period up to Jun 2015 were identified. After rigorous screening, a total of four studies met the inclusion criteria and they happened to be conducted on Chinese population. The results showed that TWIST positive expression rate in laryngeal cancer tissues was higher than that in normal tissues (OR=8.91, 95% CI=4.55-17.46). TWIST expression might have a correlation with low differentiation (OR=5.40, 95% CI=2.02-14.44), advanced clinical stage (OR=6.52, 95% CI=3.61-11.78), presence of lymph node metastasis (OR=9.10, 95% CI=4.26-19.41) and distant metastasis (OR=8.12, 95% CI=2.10-31.42), but not age and gender. The data suggested that TWIST might play critical roles in the development of laryngeal carcinoma. Further well-designed studies are warranted to get a more conclusive result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolan Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Aoshuang Chang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
| | - Xianlu Zhuo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
| | - Xueyuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
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116
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Huang W, Chen Z, Zhang L, Tian D, Wang D, Fan D, Wu K, Xia L. Interleukin-8 Induces Expression of FOXC1 to Promote Transactivation of CXCR1 and CCL2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines and Formation of Metastases in Mice. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:1053-67.e14. [PMID: 26065367 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Inflammation regulated by interleukin (IL) 8 promotes metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The transcription factor forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) promotes metastasis by activating the epithelial to mesenchymal transition; its levels in liver tumors have been associated with shorter survival times of patients. We investigated whether FOXC1 activates inflammation signaling pathways in HCC cell lines. METHODS We performed studies in the human HCC cell lines Huh-7 and SMMC7721, as well as the metastatic cell lines MHCC97H and HCCLM3. Cell lines were incubated with IL8 and transcription of reporter genes was measured; cells were also incubated with kinase inhibitors. Levels of FOXC1 or IL8 were knocked down with small interfering messenger RNAs in Huh7 cells; cells were analyzed in vitro in migration and invasion assays. To study metastasis, HCC cells were injected into flanks of BALB/C nude mice; 4 weeks later, the subcutaneous tumor fragments were collected and implanted into livers of the nude mice, and number and size tumors formed were measured. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to measure binding of transcription factors promoter regions of genes. We measured levels of FOXC1, IL8, CXCR1, and CCL2 in 2 groups of human HCC tissues collected from the Xijing or Tongji Hospitals in China (n = 690 and n = 312 samples, respectively) using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Incubation of HCC cells with IL8 led to increased expression of FOXC1, via activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling to AKT and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Knockdown of FOXC1 in HCC cells that overexpressed IL8 reduced the numbers of metastases formed in mice, compared with cells without FOXC1 knockdown. Transgenic overexpression of FOXC1 in HCC cells with IL8 knockdown increased the numbers of metastases formed in mice compared with cells without FOXC1 overexpression. CXCR1 and CCL2 were direct transcriptional targets of FOXC1. Knockdown of the combination of CXCR1 and CCL2 reduced the invasive activities of HCC cells that overexpress FOXC1 and formation of lung metastases in mice, and transgenic overexpression of CXCR1 increased cell's invasive and metastatic abilities after knockdown of FOXC1. Liver metastases grown from cells that overexpressed FOXC1 were infiltrated by tumor-associated macrophages, and CCL2 knockdown decreased tumor-associated macrophage infiltration; depletion of macrophages from mice significantly reduced growth of metastases by cells that overexpressed FOXC1. In human HCC tissues, level of FOXC1 correlated with levels of IL8 and CXCR1 and CCL2 and infiltration of tumors by macrophage. In multivariate analysis, detection of FOXC1 and CCL2 were independent predictors for postoperative recurrence of HCC and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS In HCC cell lines, IL8 activates expression of FOXC1 via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling to AKT and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. FOXC1 expression leads to transactivation of CXCR1 and CCL2, promoting inflammation and the invasive and metastatic abilities of HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangqian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Daowen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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Jain S, Suklabaidya S, Das B, Raghav SK, Batra SK, Senapati S. TLR4 activation by lipopolysaccharide confers survival advantage to growth factor deprived prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2015; 75:1020-33. [PMID: 25833062 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) cells express Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), a known pro-tumorigenic molecule for different cancer cells. The cancer cells residing in the avascular region of the tumor confront various metabolic stresses and continuously adapt mechanisms to overcome them. We hypothesized that TLR4 activation might provide direct survival advantage to metabolically stressed PCa cells. METHODS We first investigated the effect of LPS on survival of serum deprived PCa cells. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in TLR4 mediated PCa survival, we next investigated change in expression of markers for apoptosis, senescence and autophagy. Ultimately, the effect of LPS on established prostate tumors was confirmed in vivo using a syngeneic rat model for PCa. RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated TLR4 activation significantly enhanced survival of serum deprived (SD) PC3, DU145 and MAT-LyLu PCa cells. TLR4 inhibition by a specific inhibitor resulted in rapid death of SD-PC3 cells, which was significantly suppressed by LPS. Interestingly, LPS treatment suppressed macroautophagy in SD-PC3 cells and increased expression of CCL2 (C-C motif ligand-2), a known autophagy inhibitor and pro-survival factor. Intra-tumor LPS injection resulted in increased tumor mass, induced TLR4 activation, suppressed autophagy, and increased the macrophage population in MAT-LyLu-tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that bacterial LPS enhance survival of PCa cells under conditions of nutrient stress through TLR4 activation. Moreover, LPS induces overexpression of CCL2 involved in the suppression of starvation-induced macroautophagy in PCa cells, and enhanced macrophage population in prostate tumors in vivo. Taken together, the current study suggests the importance of bacterial infection or TLR4-activation in prostate cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Jain
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sujit Suklabaidya
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Biswajit Das
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Pereira L, Horta S, Mateus R, Videira MA. Implications of Akt2/Twist crosstalk on breast cancer metastatic outcome. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:1152-8. [PMID: 26136161 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Akt2 is a pivotal player in a complex web of signaling pathways controlling cell growth, proliferation, and survival. The deregulation or aberrations of Akt2 have been associated with tumor progression, metastatic spread, and, lastly, chemoresistance. The impairment of its activity has gained more attention because Akt2 is intertwined with a range of signaling paths, including the Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/Akt/Mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) signaling axis, which are involved in macromolecules synthesis and metabolism. Here, we focus on Akt2 because of its involvement in the acquisition of stem cell-like properties, responsible for invasiveness and chemoresistance, also promoted by Twist. We also suggest therapeutic strategies targeting Akt2 to overcome the drawbacks of current cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucília Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sara Horta
- iMed.UL, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Mateus
- iMed.UL, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mafalda A Videira
- iMed.UL, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Finlay J, Roberts CM, Dong J, Zink JI, Tamanoi F, Glackin CA. Mesoporous silica nanoparticle delivery of chemically modified siRNA against TWIST1 leads to reduced tumor burden. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1657-66. [PMID: 26115637 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Growth and progression of solid tumors depend on the integration of multiple pro-growth and survival signals, including the induction of angiogenesis. TWIST1 is a transcription factor whose reactivation in tumors leads to epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), including increased cancer cell stemness, survival, and invasiveness. Additionally, TWIST1 drives angiogenesis via activation of IL-8 and CCL2, independent of VEGF signaling. In this work, results suggest that chemically modified siRNA against TWIST1 reverses EMT both in vitro and in vivo. siRNA delivery with a polyethyleneimine-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) led to reduction of TWIST1 target genes and migratory potential in vitro. In mice bearing xenograft tumors, weekly intravenous injections of the siRNA-nanoparticle complexes resulted in decreased tumor burden together with a loss of CCL2 suggesting a possible anti-angiogenic response. Therapeutic use of TWIST1 siRNA delivered via MSNs has the potential to inhibit tumor growth and progression in many solid tumor types. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Tumor progression and metastasis eventually lead to patient mortality in the clinical setting. In other studies, it has been found that TWIST1, a transcription factor, if reactivated in tumors, would lead to downstream events including angiogenesis and result in poor prognosis in cancer patients. In this article, the authors were able to show that when siRNA against TWIST1 was delivered via mesoporous silica nanoparticle, there was tumor reduction in an in-vivo model. The results have opened up a new avenue for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Finlay
- Division of Comparative Medicine and, Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Cai M Roberts
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Juyao Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Jeffrey I Zink
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Fuyuhiko Tamanoi
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Carlotta A Glackin
- Department of Neurosciences, City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Zhou Y, Zhang H, Zhuo X, Liu Y, Zhang G, Tan Y. Over-expression of TWIST, an epithelial-mesenchymal transition inducer, predicts poor survival in patients with oral carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:9239-9247. [PMID: 26309581 PMCID: PMC4537964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
TWIST, an epithelial-mesenchymal transition inducer, has been thought to play a critical role in the progression of a number of malignancies. Published studies reporting the association of TWIST expression with oral carcinoma risk has yielded conflicting results. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to address this controversy. After rigorous searching and screening, a total of seven studies were included. The results showed that the TWIST positive expression rate in oral cancer tissues was higher than that in the normal tissues. TWIST expression might have a correlation with clinical features such as low differentiation, advanced clinical stage, presence of lymph node metastasis and local recurrence, but not age, gender, T stage and smoking and drinking. The data suggested that TWIST might play critical roles in the cancer progression and act as a prognostic factor in oral cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Huiyu Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Xianlu Zhuo
- Department of Stomatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical CollegeGuiyang, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Zunyi Health Team of Guizhou People’s Armed Police CorpsZunyi, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Yinghui Tan
- Department of Stomatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
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Lebel-Haziv Y, Meshel T, Soria G, Yeheskel A, Mamon E, Ben-Baruch A. Breast cancer: coordinated regulation of CCL2 secretion by intracellular glycosaminoglycans and chemokine motifs. Neoplasia 2015; 16:723-40. [PMID: 25246273 PMCID: PMC4234876 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine CCL2 (MCP-1) has been identified as a prominent tumor-promoting factor in breast cancer. The major source for CCL2 is in the tumor cells; thus, identifying the mechanisms regulating CCL2 release by these cells may enable the future design of modalities inhibiting CCL2 secretion and consequently reduce tumorigenicity. Using cells deficient in expression of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and short hairpin RNAs reducing heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) expression, we found that intracellular HS and CS (= GAGs) partly controlled the trafficking of CCL2 from the Golgi toward secretion. Next, we determined the secretion levels of GFP-CCL2-WT and GFP-CCL2-variants mutated in GAG-binding domains and/or in the 40s loop of CCL2 (45TIVA48). We have identified partial roles for R18+K19, H66, and the 45TIVA48 motif in regulating CCL2 secretion. We have also demonstrated that in the absence of R24 or R18+K19 +45TIVA48, the secretion of CCL2 by breast tumor cells was almost abolished. Analyses of the intracellular localization of GFP-CCL2-mutants in the Golgi or the endoplasmic reticulum revealed particular intracellular processes in which these CCL2 sequences controlled its intracellular trafficking and secretion. The R24, 45TIVA48 and R18+K19 +45TIVA48 domains controlled CCL2 secretion also in other cell types. We propose that targeting these chemokine regions may lead to reduced secretion of CCL2 by breast cancer cells (and potentially also by other malignant cells). Such a modality may limit tumor growth and metastasis, presumably without affecting general immune activities (as discussed below).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaeli Lebel-Haziv
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gali Soria
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adva Yeheskel
- Bioinformatics Unit, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elad Mamon
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adit Ben-Baruch
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Chan KK, Matchett KB, McEnhill PM, Dakir EH, McMullin MF, El-Tanani Y, Patterson L, Faheem A, Rudland PS, McCarron PA, El-Tanani M. Protein deregulation associated with breast cancer metastasis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:415-23. [PMID: 26088937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. It consists of a group of tumor cells that have the ability to grow uncontrollably, overcome replicative senescence (tumor progression) and metastasize within the body. Metastases are processes that consist of an array of complex gene dysregulation events. Although these processes are still not fully understood, the dysregulation of a number of key proteins must take place if the tumor cells are to disseminate and metastasize. It is now widely accepted that future effective and innovative treatments of cancer metastasis will have to encompass all the major components of malignant transformation. For this reason, much research is now being carried out into the mechanisms that govern the malignant transformation processes. Recent research has identified key genes involved in the development of metastases, as well as their mechanisms of action. A detailed understanding of the encoded proteins and their interrelationship generates the possibility of developing novel therapeutic approaches. This review will focus on a select group of proteins, often deregulated in breast cancer metastasis, which have shown therapeutic promise, notably, EMT, E-cadherin, Osteopontin, PEA3, Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) and Ran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Kui Chan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kyle B Matchett
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M McEnhill
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - El Habib Dakir
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Frances McMullin
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Yahia El-Tanani
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Patterson
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Faheem
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Philip S Rudland
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A McCarron
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom.
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Lei P, Ding D, Xie J, Wang L, Liao Q, Hu Y. Expression profile of Twist, vascular endothelial growth factor and CD34 in patients with different phases of osteosarcoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:417-421. [PMID: 26171042 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical significance of Twist, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD34 expression in osteosarcoma (OS) in order to elucidate potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of OS. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the protein expression of Twist, VEGF and CD34 in OS and osteochondroma (OC) tissues. The ratio of the protein expression of Twist and VEGF in OS and OC tissues as well as at different phases of OS was compared using chi-squared tests. Microvessel density (MVD), as determined by CD34 labeling, in OS and OC tissue as well as at different phases of OS was compared using the Student's t-test. In addition, associations between Twist, VEGF and MVD were assessed using the Spearman's rank correlation test. The results revealed that out of the 32 OS tissues examined, 56.25% exhibited Twist positive expression, 71.88% exhibited VEGF positive expression and the MVD was increased compared with that of the OC tissue. The positive rate of Twist and VEGF expression in phase III OS tissues was significantly increased compared with that in phase I/II OS tissues (Twist: χ2=5.732, P=0.018; VEGF: χ2=7.513, P=0.006). The MVD in phase III OS tissues (31.08±3.36 per field) was significantly higher compared with that of the phase I/II OS tissues (41.2±4.17 per field; t=7.536, P<0.001). Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed that Twist expression was positively associated with VEGF expression (r=0.371, P=0.002) and with MVD (r=0.393, P=0.001) in OS; in addition, VEGF expression was found to have a positive correlation with MVD (r=0.469, P=0.001). In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that OS tissues exhibited elevated Twist and VEGF expression as well as MVD compared with OC tissue. In addition, metastatic OS (phase III) exhibited an increased positive rate of Twist and VEGF expression as well as MVD values compared with non-metastatic OS (phase I/II). Furthermore associations were detected between Twist and VEGF expression as well as VEGF and MVD. Therefore, inhibition of Twist expression may have potential therapeutic use for the treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Dengfeng Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Qiande Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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WANG WEI, LI XIAYU, ZHENG DANWEI, ZHANG DECAI, PENG XIAOQING, ZHANG XUEMEI, AI FEIYAN, WANG XIAOYAN, MA JIAN, XIONG WEI, LI GUIYUAN, ZHOU YANHONG, SHEN SHOURONG. Dynamic changes and functions of macrophages and M1/M2 subpopulations during ulcerative colitis-associated carcinogenesis in an AOM/DSS mouse model. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:2397-406. [PMID: 25434400 PMCID: PMC4337491 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The high risk of developing colorectal carcinoma (CRC), from ulcerative colitis (UC), is well known. Macrophages are widely distributed immune cells that have an indispensable role in UC, as well as in CRC. However, little is currently known about the dynamic changes that occur in macrophage and M1/M2 macrophage subpopulations, during UC‑associated carcinogenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the alteration of colorectal macrophages and M1/M2 macrophage subpopulations during UC‑associated carcinogenesis. Both expression level alterations and functional changes were determined during UC‑associated carcinogenesis in an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate‑induced chemically colitis‑associated carcinoma mouse model of Crj:CD‑1 (ICR) mice. Notable evidence from immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, cytokine detection, and gene expression analyses demonstrated that M2 macrophages have a critical role in CRC initiation, promotion, and metastasis. M2 macrophages are associated with unbalanced pro‑inflammatory and anti‑inflammatory axes and aberrant enhancement of migration/invasion‑associated factors. Functional changes, similar to M2 polarized macrophages, were shown to occur in the M1 macrophages, without phenotypical changes, during the development of carcinoma and metastasis. The results of the present study suggest that M2 macrophages have a pro‑tumor role during UC‑associated carcinogenesis. Furthermore, similar functional changes occurred in the M1 macrophages, without polarization alterations, during carcinogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- WEI WANG
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529030, P.R. China
| | - XIAYU LI
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - DANWEI ZHENG
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - DECAI ZHANG
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - XIAOQING PENG
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - XUEMEI ZHANG
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - FEIYAN AI
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529030, P.R. China
| | - XIAOYAN WANG
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - JIAN MA
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - WEI XIONG
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - GUIYUAN LI
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - YANHONG ZHOU
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Shourong Shen, Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 143 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China, E-mail: . Dr Yanhong Zhou, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - SHOURONG SHEN
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Shourong Shen, Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 143 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China, E-mail: . Dr Yanhong Zhou, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China, E-mail:
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125
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Nam EH, Lee Y, Moon B, Lee JW, Kim S. Twist1 and AP-1 cooperatively upregulate integrin α5 expression to induce invasion and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:327-37. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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126
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Zhuo X, Chang A, Huang C, Yang L, Xiang Z, Zhou Y. Expression and clinical significance of microvessel density and its association with TWIST in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:1265-1270. [PMID: 25785123 PMCID: PMC4358578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is characterized by a high frequency of nodal and distant metastasis at diagnosis. Microvessel density (MVD) is an indicator for angiogenesis that has been shown to correlate with metastasis of cancers. Evidence regarding the roles of MVD in NPC has rarely been reported. Thus, we aimed to investigate the state of angiogenesis in NPC. CD34 and TWIST were detected in sixty-five NPC specimens by immunohistochemistry, respectively. Then, MVD and its association with clinical features as well as TWIST expression have been assessed. As a result, MVD was closely related to cancer progression as reflected by distant metastasis (P < 0.05), and nevertheless, the data failed to show its association with lymph node metastasis and other clinicophathological features (P > 0.05). Interestingly, a marked correlation between TWIST positive expression with increased MVD was observed. The results suggested that MVD might play important roles in the development of NPC and TWIST might promote cancer progression by facilitating angiogenesis. Further studies are needed to confirm the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlu Zhuo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing Cancer InstituteChongqing, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical CollegeGuiyang, China
| | - Aoshuang Chang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical CollegeGuiyang, China
| | - Chuang Huang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing Cancer InstituteChongqing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical CollegeGuiyang, China
| | - Zhaolan Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
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127
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MicroRNA-206 functions as a pleiotropic modulator of cell proliferation, invasion and lymphangiogenesis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma by targeting ANXA2 and KRAS genes. Oncogene 2014; 34:4867-78. [PMID: 25500542 PMCID: PMC4569942 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer biology have emerged important roles for microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating tumor responses. However, their function in mediating intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment is thus far poorly explored. Here, we found miR-206 to be abrogated in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) specimens and cell lines. We show that miR-206 directly targets the oncogenes KRAS and annexin a2 (ANXA2), thereby acting as tumor suppressor in PDAC cells by blocking cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Importantly, we identified miR-206 as a negative regulator of oncogenic KRAS-induced nuclear factor-κB transcriptional activity, resulting in a concomitant reduction of the expression and secretion of pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory factors including the cytokine interleukin-8, the chemokines (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 and (C–C motif) ligand 2, and the granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. We further show that miR-206 abrogates the expression and secretion of the potent pro-lymphangiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor C in pancreatic cancer cells through an NF-κB-independent mechanism. By using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we reveal that re-expression of miR-206 in PDAC cells is sufficient to inhibit tumor blood and lymphatic vessel formation, thus leading to a significant delay of tumor growth and progression. Taken together, our study sheds light onto the role of miR-206 as a pleiotropic modulator of different hallmarks of cancer, and as such raising the intriguing possibility that miR-206 may be an attractive candidate for miRNA-based anticancer therapies.
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128
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Zhuo X, Chang A, Huang C, Yang L, Xiang Z, Zhou Y. Expression of TWIST, an inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its clinical significance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:8862-8868. [PMID: 25674256 PMCID: PMC4314002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been implicated in the development of a number of cancers. An important EMT inducer, TWIST, has been detected to be over-expressed in a variety of tumors, but rarely been studied in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study aimed to examine TWIST expression and its association with clinicopathological factors and prognosis in NPC. A total of 65 NPC and 20 normal samples were involved in the present study. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the mRNA and protein expressions of TWIST in NPC and normal tissues. The relationship of TWIST expression levels with clinical features and prognosis of NPC patients were analyzed. The positive rate of TWIST expression was markedly higher in NPC tissues than that in normal tissues. Over-expression of TWIST was correlated with N stage and the presence of distant metastasis. Patients with positive TWIST expression had a significantly shorter overall survival time relative to patients with negative TWIST expression. The data suggest that TWIST over-expression has a correlation with lymphatic and distant metastasis in NPC. Moreover, it might be a novel biomarker for prediction of advanced tumor progression and a potential unfavorable prognostic factor as well as a potential treatment target for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlu Zhuo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing Cancer InstituteChongqing, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical CollegeGuiyang, China
| | - Aoshuang Chang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical CollegeGuiyang, China
| | - Chuang Huang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing Cancer InstituteChongqing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical CollegeGuiyang, China
| | - Zhaolan Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
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129
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Li J, Liu CH, Sun Y, Gong Y, Fu Z, Evans LP, Tian KT, Juan AM, Hurst CG, Mammoto A, Chen J. Endothelial TWIST1 promotes pathological ocular angiogenesis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:8267-77. [PMID: 25414194 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-15623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pathological neovessel formation impacts many blinding vascular eye diseases. Identification of molecular signatures distinguishing pathological neovascularization from normal quiescent vessels is critical for developing new interventions. Twist-related protein 1 (TWIST1) is a transcription factor important in tumor and pulmonary angiogenesis. This study investigated the potential role of TWIST1 in modulating pathological ocular angiogenesis in mice. METHODS Twist1 expression and localization were analyzed in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Pathological ocular angiogenesis in Tie2-driven conditional Twist1 knockout mice were evaluated in both OIR and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization models. In addition, the effects of TWIST1 on angiogenesis and endothelial cell function were analyzed in sprouting assays of aortic rings and choroidal explants isolated from Twist1 knockout mice, and in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells treated with TWIST1 small interfering RNA (siRNA). RESULTS TWIST1 is highly enriched in pathological neovessels in OIR retinas. Conditional Tie2-driven depletion of Twist1 significantly suppressed pathological neovessels in OIR without impacting developmental retinal angiogenesis. In a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization model, Twist1 deficiency also resulted in significantly smaller lesions with decreased vascular leakage. In addition, loss of Twist1 significantly decreased vascular sprouting in both aortic ring and choroid explants. Knockdown of TWIST1 in endothelial cells led to dampened expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and decreased endothelial cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that TWIST1 is a novel regulator of pathologic ocular angiogenesis and may represent a new molecular target for developing potential therapeutic treatments to suppress pathological neovascularization in vascular eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chi-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Lucy P Evans
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Katherine T Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Aimee M Juan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Christian G Hurst
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Akiko Mammoto
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Spiller KL, Freytes DO, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Macrophages modulate engineered human tissues for enhanced vascularization and healing. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 43:616-27. [PMID: 25331098 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is increasingly based on recapitulating human physiology, through integration of biological principles into engineering designs. In spite of all progress in engineering functional human tissues, we are just beginning to develop effective methods for establishing blood perfusion and controlling the inflammatory factors following implantation into the host. Functional vasculature largely determines tissue survival and function in vivo. The inflammatory response is a major regulator of vascularization and overall functionality of engineered tissues, through the activity of different types of macrophages and the cytokines they secrete. We discuss here the cell-scaffold-bioreactor systems for harnessing the inflammatory response for enhanced tissue vascularization and healing. To this end, inert scaffolds that have been considered for many decades a "gold standard" in regenerative medicine are beginning to be replaced by a new generation of "smart" tissue engineering systems designed to actively mediate tissue survival and function.
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131
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Chen W, Gao Q, Han S, Pan F, Fan W. The CCL2/CCR2 axis enhances IL-6-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by cooperatively activating STAT3-Twist signaling. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:973-81. [PMID: 25318604 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pattern of secreted factors in the tumor microenvironment has been shown to initiate tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); however, little is known about their interplay undergoing this phenotypic switch. In this study, we revealed obvious coactions of cytokine IL-6 and chemokine CCL2 during EMT induction. We found that IL-6 effectively induced EMT and promoted tumor cell invasion, which could be markedly enhanced by addition of CCL2 in a CCR2-dependent manner. IL-6 and CCL2 induced each other and cooperatively elicited STAT3 phosphorylation; conversely, STAT3 regulated the production of IL-6 and CCL2, thus constituting a positive feedback loop to maintain and amplify STAT3 signaling, consequently promoting additional EMT events. Furthermore, CCL2 greatly enhanced IL-6-induced EMT events mainly by upregulating the expression of Twist. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 disrupted STAT3-centered loop and markedly suppressed Twist expression as well as IL-6/CCL2-mediated EMT induction. Thus, our findings highlighted the synergy of the two secreted factors of tumor microenvironment, in regulating transformed properties of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Respiratory, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
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132
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Genome-wide screening and co-expression network analysis identify recurrence-specific biomarkers of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10959-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Depletion of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells altered the expression of genes in key regulatory pathways of cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100103. [PMID: 24932473 PMCID: PMC4059751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a transcription factor that is best known for its role in mediating the toxic responses elicited by poly aromatic hydrocarbons as well as many other environmental factors; is also involved in breast cancer progression. We previously reported that stable knockdown of AhR decreased the tumorigenic properties of the highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line; whereas ectopic overexpression of AhR was sufficient to transform immortalized human mammary epithelial cells to exhibit malignant phenotypes. In the present study we investigated the genes that are differentially regulated by AhR and are controlling cellular processes linked to breast cancer. We used Affymetrix Human GeneChip 1.0-ST whole transcriptome arrays to analyze alterations of gene expression resulting from stable AhR knockdown in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. The expression of 144 genes was significantly altered with a ≥2.0-fold change and a multiple test corrected p-value ≤0.05, as a result of AhR knockdown. We demonstrate that AhR knockdown alters the expression of several genes known to be linked to cancer. These genes include those involved in tryptophan metabolism (KYNU), cell growth (MUC1 and IL8), cell survival (BIRC3 and BCL3), cell migration and invasion (S100A4 and ABI3), multi-drug resistance (ABCC3) and angiogenesis (VEGFA and CCL2). The identification of the genes and pathways affected by AhR depletion provides new insight into possible molecular events that could explain the reported phenotypic changes. In conclusion AhR knockdown alters the expression of genes known to enhance or inhibit cancer progression; tipping the balance towards a state that counteracts tumor progression.
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Bauer D, Mazzio E, Soliman KF, Taka E, Oriaku E, Womble T, Darling-Reed S. Diallyl disulfide inhibits TNFα-induced CCL2 release by MDA-MB-231 cells. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:2763-2770. [PMID: 24922637 PMCID: PMC4135704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is released by tumor tissues, serving as a potent chemokine enabling directional homing of mononuclear cells to tumor tissue, which subsequently differentiate into tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) via TGFβ1 signaling. TAMs readily invade tumor tissue and continue to synthesize pro-oncogenic proteins including tumor growth factors, matrix proteases (metastasis), angiogenic factors (neovascularization) and CCL2. Substances, which can attenuate or block the initial release of CCL2 have been shown to prevent cancer-associated inflammative pro-oncogenic processes. In the current study, we investigated the effects of the organosulfur compound diallyl disulfide (DADS), a natural constituent of Allium sativum (garlic) on suppression of TNFα-induced release of CCL2 from triple-negative human breast tumor (MDA-MB-231) cells. Using an initial adipokine/chemokine protein panel microarray, the data show a predominant expression profile in resting/untreated MDA-MB-231 cells for sustained release of IL6, IL8, plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 and TIMP1/2. Treatment with TNFα (40 ng/ml) had no effect on many of these molecules, with a single major elevation in release of CCL2 (~1,300-fold up-regulation). TNFα-induced CCL2 release was reversed by a sub-lethal concentration of DADS (100 μM), evident in antibody based assays. These findings provide evidence to support another avenue of anticancer/chemopreventative properties attributable to garlic constituents through immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bauer
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mazzio
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Karam Fa Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Equar Taka
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ebenezer Oriaku
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Tracey Womble
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Selina Darling-Reed
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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CXC and CC chemokines as angiogenic modulators in nonhaematological tumors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:768758. [PMID: 24971349 PMCID: PMC4058128 DOI: 10.1155/2014/768758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are a superfamily of structurally homologous heparin-binding proteins that includes potent inducers and inhibitors of angiogenesis. The imbalance between angiogenic and angiostatic chemokine activities can lead to abnormalities, such as chronic inflammation, dysplastic transformation, and even tumor development and spreading. In this review, we summarize the current literature regarding the role of chemokines as modulators of tumor angiogenesis and their potential role as therapeutic targets in patients with nonhaematological tumors.
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Ohba K, Miyata Y, Matsuo T, Asai A, Mitsunari K, Shida Y, Kanda S, Sakai H. High expression of Twist is associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:3158-3165. [PMID: 25031735 PMCID: PMC4097249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Twist has been reported to play crucial roles for malignant aggressiveness; however, detailed pathological significance of Twist in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is not fully understood. The present study was to clarify clinical significance and molecular functions of Twist in patients with RCC. METHODS Twist expression was examined by immunohistochemical techniques in 156 formalin-fixed specimens. Cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis were measured as the percentage of Ki-67-positive cells (proliferation index, PI), CD31-stained vessels (microvessel density, MVD), and TUNEL-positive cells (apoptotic index, AI). In addition, semi-quantification of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 was performed. Macrophages were identified with anti-CD68 antibody, and the tumor associated macrophage (TAM) density was calculated as CD68-positive cells per high-power field. RESULTS Twist expression was positively associated with grade, pT stage, and metastasis (p<0.001). We also noticed that its expression was considerably higher in cancer cells of sarcomatoid RCC and in those at the edge of the tumors. Twist expression was positively correlated with PI, MVD, MMP2 expression, and TAM density (P<0.001), but not with AI, and MMP-2 expression and TAM density were independently correlate by multi-variate analyses. Kaplan-Meir survival curves showed high Twist expression was a worse predictor for cause-specific survival (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Twist plays important roles in tumor growth, progression, and survival in patients with RCC patients. Such pathological mechanisms are significantly associated with increased cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, MMP2 expression, and macrophage recruitment. These findings are important information for discussion of treatment and observation strategies in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Ohba
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuo
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akihiro Asai
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kensuke Mitsunari
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yohei Shida
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kanda
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki, Japan
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Koellensperger E, Gramley F, Preisner F, Leimer U, Germann G, Dexheimer V. Alterations of gene expression and protein synthesis in co-cultured adipose tissue-derived stem cells and squamous cell-carcinoma cells: consequences for clinical applications. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:65. [PMID: 24887580 PMCID: PMC4076640 DOI: 10.1186/scrt454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This is the first study evaluating the interactions of human adipose tissue derived stem cells (ADSCs) and human squamous cell carcinoma cells (SCCs), with regard to a prospective cell-based skin regenerative therapy and a thereby unintended co-localization of ADSCs and SCCs. Methods ADSCs were co-cultured with A431-SCCs and primary SCCs (pSCCs) in a transwell system, and cell-cell interactions were analyzed by assessing doubling time, migration and invasion, angiogenesis, quantitative real time PCR of 229 tumor associated genes, and multiplex protein assays of 20 chemokines and growth factors and eight matrix metalloproteinases (MMPS). Results of co-culture were compared to those of the respective mono-culture. Results ADSCs’ proliferation on the plate was significantly increased when co-cultured with A431-SCCs (P = 0.038). PSCCs and ADSCs significantly decreased their proliferation in co-culture if cultured on the plate (P <0.001 and P = 0.03). The migration of pSCC was significantly increased in co-culture (P = 0.009), as well as that of ADSCs in A431-SCC-co-culture (P = 0.012). The invasive behavior of pSCCs and A431-SCCs was significantly increased in co-culture by a mean of 33% and 35%, respectively (P = 0.038 and P <0.001). Furthermore, conditioned media from co-cultured ADSC-A431-SCCs and co-cultured ADSCs-pSCCs induced tube formation in an angiogenesis assay in vitro. In A431-SCC-co-culture 36 genes were up- and 6 were down-regulated in ADSCs, in A431-SCCs 14 genes were up- and 8 genes were down-regulated. In pSCCs-co-culture 36 genes were up-regulated in ADSCs, two were down-regulated, one gene was up-regulated in pSCC, and three genes were down-regulated. Protein expression analysis revealed that three proteins were exclusively produced in co-culture (CXCL9, IL-1b, and MMP-7). In A431-SCC-co-culture the concentration of 17 proteins was significantly increased compared to the ADSCs mono-culture (2.8- to 357-fold), and 15 proteins were expressed more highly (2.8- to 1,527-fold) compared to the A431-SCCs mono-culture. In pSCC-co-culture the concentration of 10 proteins was increased compared to ADSCs-mono-culture (2.5- to 77-fold) and that of 15 proteins was increased compared to pSCC mono-culture (2.6- to 480-fold). Conclusions This is the first study evaluating the possible interactions of primary human ADSCs with human SCCs, pointing towards a doubtlessly increased oncological risk, which should not be neglected when considering a clinical use of isolated human ADSCs in skin regenerative therapies.
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138
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Jantsch J, Binger KJ, Müller DN, Titze J. Macrophages in homeostatic immune function. Front Physiol 2014; 5:146. [PMID: 24847274 PMCID: PMC4017126 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are not only involved in inflammatory and anti-infective processes, but also play an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. In this review, we summarize recent evidence investigating the role of macrophages in controlling angiogenesis, metabolism as well as salt and water balance. Particularly, we summarize the importance of macrophage tonicity enhancer binding protein (TonEBP, also termed nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 [NFAT5]) expression in the regulation of salt and water homeostasis. Further understanding of homeostatic macrophage function may lead to new therapeutic approaches to treat ischemia, hypertension and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Jantsch
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrina J Binger
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Charité Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Charité Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Titze
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research and Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen, Germany ; Divison of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN, USA
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139
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Moisan F, Francisco EB, Brozovic A, Duran GE, Wang YC, Chaturvedi S, Seetharam S, Snyder LA, Doshi P, Sikic BI. Enhancement of paclitaxel and carboplatin therapies by CCL2 blockade in ovarian cancers. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:1231-9. [PMID: 24816187 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is associated with a leukocyte infiltrate and high levels of chemokines such as CCL2. We tested the hypothesis that CCL2 inhibition can enhance chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel. Elevated CCL2 expression was found in three non-MDR paclitaxel resistant ovarian cancer lines ES-2/TP, MES-OV/TP and OVCAR-3/TP, compared to parental cells. Mice xenografted with these cells were treated with the anti-human CCL2 antibody CNTO 888 and the anti-mouse MCP-1 antibody C1142, with and without paclitaxel or carboplatin. Our results show an additive effect of CCL2 blockade on the efficacy of paclitaxel and carboplatin. This therapeutic effect was largely due to inhibition of mouse stromal CCL2. We show that inhibition of CCL2 can enhance paclitaxel and carboplatin therapy of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yan C Wang
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5151, USA
| | | | - Shobha Seetharam
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Linda A Snyder
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Parul Doshi
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
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140
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Xia L, Huang W, Tian D, Zhang L, Qi X, Chen Z, Shang X, Nie Y, Wu K. Forkhead box Q1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by transactivating ZEB2 and VersicanV1 expression. Hepatology 2014; 59:958-73. [PMID: 24005989 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Forkhead box Q1 (FoxQ1) is a master regulator of tumor metastasis. However, the molecular mechanism of FoxQ1 in regulating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis remains unknown. Here we report a novel function for FoxQ1 in modifying the tumor microenvironment to promote HCC metastasis. FoxQ1 expression was an independent and significant risk factor for the recurrence and survival in two independent cohorts totaling 1,002 HCC patients. FoxQ1 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the transactivation of ZEB2 expression by directly binding to the ZEB2 promoter. Knockdown of ZEB2 decreased FoxQ1-enhanced HCC metastasis, whereas up-regulation of ZEB2 rescued the decreased metastasis induced by FoxQ1 knocking down. Additionally, serial deletion, site-directed mutagenesis, and a chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that VersicanV1, which promoted HCC metastasis and macrophage attraction, was a direct transcriptional target of FoxQ1. FoxQ1-induced VersicanV1 expression promoted the secretion of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) from HCC cells. Chemotaxis assay showed that the culture media from FoxQ1-overexpressing HCC cells increased the migratory activity of the macrophages. Inhibition of VersicanV1 and CCL2 expression significantly inhibited FoxQ1-mediated macrophage migration. In animal studies, the up-regulation of FoxQ1 in HCC cells promoted HCC metastasis and intratumoral tumor associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration, whereas knockdown of VersicanV1 reduced FoxQ1-mediated HCC metastasis and intratumoral TAM infiltration. Depletion of macrophages using clodronate liposomes dramatically decreased FoxQ1-enhanced HCC metastasis. In human HCC tissues, FoxQ1 expression was positively correlated with ZEB2 and VersicanV1 expression and intratumoral TAM infiltration. Patients with positive coexpression of FoxQ1 and ZEB2, FoxQ1, and VersicanV1, or FoxQ1 and intratumoral TAMs were associated with poorer prognosis. CONCLUSION FoxQ1 promotes HCC metastasis by transactivating ZEB2 and VersicanV1 expression, resulting in the induction of EMT and the recruitment of macrophage infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei Province, P.R. China
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141
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Spiller KL, Anfang RR, Spiller KJ, Ng J, Nakazawa KR, Daulton JW, Vunjak-Novakovic G. The role of macrophage phenotype in vascularization of tissue engineering scaffolds. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4477-88. [PMID: 24589361 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 626] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is crucial for the success of most tissue engineering strategies. The natural inflammatory response is a major regulator of vascularization, through the activity of different types of macrophages and the cytokines they secrete. Macrophages exist on a spectrum of diverse phenotypes, from "classically activated" M1 to "alternatively activated" M2 macrophages. M2 macrophages, including the subsets M2a and M2c, are typically considered to promote angiogenesis and tissue regeneration, while M1 macrophages are considered to be anti-angiogenic, although these classifications are controversial. Here we show that in contrast to this traditional paradigm, primary human M1 macrophages secrete the highest levels of potent angiogenic stimulators including VEGF; M2a macrophages secrete the highest levels of PDGF-BB, a chemoattractant for stabilizing pericytes, and also promote anastomosis of sprouting endothelial cells in vitro; and M2c macrophages secrete the highest levels of MMP9, an important protease involved in vascular remodeling. In a murine subcutaneous implantation model, porous collagen scaffolds were surrounded by a fibrous capsule, coincident with high expression of M2 macrophage markers, while scaffolds coated with the bacterial lipopolysaccharide were degraded by inflammatory macrophages, and glutaraldehyde-crosslinked scaffolds were infiltrated by substantial numbers of blood vessels, accompanied by high levels of M1 and M2 macrophages. These results suggest that coordinated efforts by both M1 and M2 macrophages are required for angiogenesis and scaffold vascularization, which may explain some of the controversy over which phenotype is the angiogenic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Spiller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rachel R Anfang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Krista J Spiller
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Johnathan Ng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kenneth R Nakazawa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Daulton
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA 02420, USA
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Sossey-Alaoui K, Pluskota E, Davuluri G, Bialkowska K, Das M, Szpak D, Lindner DJ, Downs-Kelly E, Thompson CL, Plow EF. Kindlin-3 enhances breast cancer progression and metastasis by activating Twist-mediated angiogenesis. FASEB J 2014; 28:2260-71. [PMID: 24469992 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-244004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The FERM domain containing protein Kindlin-3 has been recognized as a major regulator of integrin function in hematopoietic cells, but its role in neoplasia is totally unknown. We have examined the relationship between Kindlin-3 and breast cancer in mouse models and human tissues. Human breast tumors showed a ∼7-fold elevation in Kindlin-3 mRNA compared with nonneoplastic tissue by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Kindlin-3 overexpression in a breast cancer cell line increased primary tumor growth and lung metastasis by 2.5- and 3-fold, respectively, when implanted into mice compared with cells expressing vector alone. Mechanistically, the Kindlin-3-overexpressing cells displayed a 2.2-fold increase in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and enhanced β1 integrin activation. Increased VEGF secretion resulted from enhanced production of Twist, a transcription factor that promotes tumor angiogenesis. Knockdown of Twist diminished VEGF production, and knockdown of β1 integrins diminished Twist and VEGF production by Kindlin-3-overexpressing cells, while nontargeting small interfering RNA had no effect on expression of these gene products. Thus, Kindlin-3 influences breast cancer progression by influencing the crosstalk between β1 integrins and Twist to increase VEGF production. This signaling cascade enhances breast cancer cell invasion and tumor angiogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- 2Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Ave. NB50, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. E.F.P.,
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Rego SL, Helms RS, Dréau D. Breast tumor cell TACE-shed MCSF promotes pro-angiogenic macrophages through NF-κB signaling. Angiogenesis 2013; 17:573-85. [PMID: 24197832 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most deaths associated with breast cancer, the most common malignancy in women, are caused by metastasis. Tumor associated macrophages significantly contribute to breast cancer progression and development of metastasis through the promotion of angiogenesis which involves a central regulator of macrophage functions: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Macrophages are activated by macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) to secrete angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The release of MCSF from tumor cells is mediated by ectodomain shedding through tumor necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme activation (TACE). Here we determined whether tumor cells TACE-shed MCSF promotes angiogenesis through activation of the NF-κB pathway in macrophages and the subsequent release of VEGF. These interactions were modeled in vitro using a panel of mammary cells mimicking the breast cancer progression from normal murine mammary gland cells to metastatic 4T1 cells along with J774 macrophages, all derived from BALB/c mice. TACE and MCSF expressions were higher in metastatic cells compared to epithelial cells (p < 0.05). Tumor conditioned medias activated the expression of VEGF by macrophages through stimulation of the NF-κB pathway and resulting macrophage secretions that promoted high levels of endothelial cell tubes. Furthermore, the combinations of CCL2, also highly expressed by tumor cells, and MCSF promoted pro-angiogenic macrophages. These results highlight the key role of tumor cell TACE-shed MCSF and secreted CCL2 in stimulating pro-angiogenic macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Rego
- Cell and Molecular Division, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
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144
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Borsig L, Wolf MJ, Roblek M, Lorentzen A, Heikenwalder M. Inflammatory chemokines and metastasis--tracing the accessory. Oncogene 2013; 33:3217-24. [PMID: 23851506 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment consists of stromal cells and leukocytes that contribute to cancer progression. Cross-talk between tumor cells and their microenvironment is facilitated by a variety of soluble factors, including growth factors and cytokines such as chemokines. Due to a wide expression of chemokine receptors on cells in the tumor microenvironment, including tumor cells, chemokines affect various processes such as leukocyte recruitment, angiogenesis, tumor cell survival, tumor cell adhesion, proliferation, vascular permeability, immune suppression, invasion and metastasis. Inflammatory chemokines are instrumental players in cancer-related inflammation and significantly contribute to numerous steps during metastasis. Recruitment of myeloid-derived cells to metastatic sites is mainly mediated by the inflammatory chemokines CCL2 and CCL5. Tumor cell homing and extravasation from the circulation to distant organs are also regulated by inflammatory chemokines. Recent experimental evidence demonstrated that besides leukocyte recruitment, tumor cell-derived CCL2 directly activated endothelial cells and together with monocytes facilitated tumor cell extravasation, in a CCL2- and CCL5-dependent manner. Furthermore, CX3CL1 expression in the bone facilitated metastasis of CX3CR1 expressing tumor cells to this site. Current findings in preclinical models strongly suggest that inflammatory chemokines have an important role during metastasis and targeting of the chemokine axis might have a therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Borsig
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M J Wolf
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Roblek
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Lorentzen
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M Heikenwalder
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
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145
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Transcriptional control of cancer metastasis. Trends Cell Biol 2013; 23:603-11. [PMID: 23838335 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation is an essential component of tumor progression and metastasis. During cancer progression, dysregulation of oncogenic or tumor-suppressive transcription factors (TFs), as well as master cell fate regulators and tumor microenvironment-induced factors, collectively influence multiple steps of the metastasis cascade, including local invasion, dissemination, and eventual colonization of the tumor to distant organs. Furthermore, epigenetic alterations in tumor cells, including DNA methylation, as well as activation or suppression of histone deacetylases (HDACs), histone acetyltransferases (HATs), and other chromatin-modifying enzymes, can further distort the transcriptional network to influence metastasis. We focus here on recent research advances in transcriptional control of metastasis and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting such transcriptional regulatory networks.
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146
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Owen JL, Mohamadzadeh M. Macrophages and chemokines as mediators of angiogenesis. Front Physiol 2013; 4:159. [PMID: 23847541 PMCID: PMC3701799 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence attests to the important roles of both macrophages and chemokines in angiogenesis. Tumor-associated macrophages or TAMS constitute the major fraction of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes and are recruited by a number of chemoattractants that are produced by the tumor and tumor-associated stroma. This heterogeneous cell population is activated by a variety of stimuli and becomes polarized to result in functionally different phenotypes regarding tumor progression. As opposed to classically activated or M1 macrophages that exhibit anti-tumor functions, most TAMS are considered to be of the alternatively activated or M2 phenotype, and express multiple cytokines, proteases, and chemokines that promote tumor angiogenesis. Chemokines also have disparate effects on angiogenesis regulation, as several members of the CXC and CC chemokine families are potent inducers of angiogenesis, while a subset of CXC chemokines are angiostatic. This review summarizes the current literature regarding the roles and modes of action of macrophage-derived chemokines as mediators of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Owen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
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147
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Wang W, Li X, Zheng D, Zhang D, Huang S, Zhang X, Ai F, Wang X, Ma J, Xiong W, Zhou Y, Li G, Shen S. Dynamic changes of peritoneal macrophages and subpopulations during ulcerative colitis to metastasis of colorectal carcinoma in a mouse model. Inflamm Res 2013; 62:669-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-013-0619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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