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Combination Treatment with Sublethal Ionizing Radiation and the Proteasome Inhibitor, Bortezomib, Enhances Death-Receptor Mediated Apoptosis and Anti-Tumor Immune Attack. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:30405-21. [PMID: 26703577 PMCID: PMC4691179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sub-lethal doses of radiation can modulate gene expression, making tumor cells more susceptible to T-cell-mediated immune attack. Proteasome inhibitors demonstrate broad anti-tumor activity in clinical and pre-clinical cancer models. Here, we use a combination treatment of proteasome inhibition and irradiation to further induce immunomodulation of tumor cells that could enhance tumor-specific immune responses. We investigate the effects of the 26S proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, alone or in combination with radiotherapy, on the expression of immunogenic genes in normal colon and colorectal cancer cell lines. We examined cells for changes in the expression of several death receptors (DR4, DR5 and Fas) commonly used by T cells for killing of target cells. Our results indicate that the combination treatment resulted in increased cell surface expression of death receptors by increasing their transcript levels. The combination treatment further increases the sensitivity of carcinoma cells to apoptosis through FAS and TRAIL receptors but does not change the sensitivity of normal non-malignant epithelial cells. Furthermore, the combination treatment significantly enhances tumor cell killing by tumor specific CD8+ T cells. This study suggests that combining radiotherapy and proteasome inhibition may simultaneously enhance tumor immunogenicity and the induction of antitumor immunity by enhancing tumor-specific T-cell activity.
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Shanker A, Pellom ST, Dudimah DF, Thounaojam MC, de Kluyver RL, Brooks AD, Yagita H, McVicar DW, Murphy WJ, Longo DL, Sayers TJ. Bortezomib Improves Adoptive T-cell Therapy by Sensitizing Cancer Cells to FasL Cytotoxicity. Cancer Res 2015; 75:5260-72. [PMID: 26494122 PMCID: PMC4681610 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy shows great promise but many patients fail to show objective responses, including in cancers that can respond well, such as melanoma and renal adenocarcinoma. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib sensitizes solid tumors to apoptosis in response to TNF-family death ligands. Because T cells provide multiple death ligands at the tumor site, we investigated the effects of bortezomib on T-cell responses in immunotherapy models involving low-avidity antigens. Bortezomib did not affect lymphocyte or tissue-resident CD11c(+)CD8(+) dendritic cell counts in tumor-bearing mice, did not inhibit dendritic cell expression of costimulatory molecules, and did not decrease MHC class I/II-associated antigen presentation to cognate T cells. Rather, bortezomib activated NF-κB p65 in CD8(+) T cells, stabilizing expression of T-cell receptor CD3ζ and IL2 receptor-α, while maintaining IFNγ secretion to improve FasL-mediated tumor lysis. Notably, bortezomib increased tumor cell surface expression of Fas in mice as well as human melanoma tissue from a responsive patient. In renal tumor-bearing immunodeficient Rag2(-/-) mice, bortezomib treatment after adoptive T-cell immunotherapy reduced lung metastases and enhanced host survival. Our findings highlight the potential of proteasome inhibitors to enhance antitumor T-cell function in the context of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee. Host-Tumor Interactions Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Samuel T Pellom
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee. School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Duafalia F Dudimah
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Menaka C Thounaojam
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rachel L de Kluyver
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Alan D Brooks
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland. Basic Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel W McVicar
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - William J Murphy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Dan L Longo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas J Sayers
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland. Basic Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland.
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103
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Nishikawa D, Hirano K, Miura M. Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Aminoboronic Acid Derivatives by Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydroamination. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15620-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Nishikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koji Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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104
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Qureshi MZ, Romero MA, Attar R, Javed Z, Farooqi AA. TRAIL and Bortezomib: killing cancer with two stones. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:1671-4. [PMID: 25743849 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.4.1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer genomics and proteomics have undergone considerable broadening in the past decades and increasingly it is being realized that solid/liquid phase microarrays and high-throughput resequencing have provided platforms to improve our existing knowledge of determinants of cancer development, progression and survival. Loss of apoptosis is a widely and deeply studied process and different approaches are being used to restore apoptosis in resistant cancer phenotype. Modulating the balance between pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins is essential to induce apoptosis. It is becoming more understood that pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome might prove to be an effective option in improving TRAIL induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Keeping in view rapidly accumulating evidence of carcinogenesis, metastasis, resistance against wide ranging therapeutics and loss of apoptosis, better knowledge regarding tumor suppressors, oncogenes, pro-apoptotic and anti-apotptic proteins will be helpful in translating the findings from benchtop to bedside.
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105
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Feitelson MA, Arzumanyan A, Kulathinal RJ, Blain SW, Holcombe RF, Mahajna J, Marino M, Martinez-Chantar ML, Nawroth R, Sanchez-Garcia I, Sharma D, Saxena NK, Singh N, Vlachostergios PJ, Guo S, Honoki K, Fujii H, Georgakilas AG, Bilsland A, Amedei A, Niccolai E, Amin A, Ashraf SS, Boosani CS, Guha G, Ciriolo MR, Aquilano K, Chen S, Mohammed SI, Azmi AS, Bhakta D, Halicka D, Keith WN, Nowsheen S. Sustained proliferation in cancer: Mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S25-S54. [PMID: 25892662 PMCID: PMC4898971 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proliferation is an important part of cancer development and progression. This is manifest by altered expression and/or activity of cell cycle related proteins. Constitutive activation of many signal transduction pathways also stimulates cell growth. Early steps in tumor development are associated with a fibrogenic response and the development of a hypoxic environment which favors the survival and proliferation of cancer stem cells. Part of the survival strategy of cancer stem cells may manifested by alterations in cell metabolism. Once tumors appear, growth and metastasis may be supported by overproduction of appropriate hormones (in hormonally dependent cancers), by promoting angiogenesis, by undergoing epithelial to mesenchymal transition, by triggering autophagy, and by taking cues from surrounding stromal cells. A number of natural compounds (e.g., curcumin, resveratrol, indole-3-carbinol, brassinin, sulforaphane, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, genistein, ellagitannins, lycopene and quercetin) have been found to inhibit one or more pathways that contribute to proliferation (e.g., hypoxia inducible factor 1, nuclear factor kappa B, phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt, insulin-like growth factor receptor 1, Wnt, cell cycle associated proteins, as well as androgen and estrogen receptor signaling). These data, in combination with bioinformatics analyses, will be very important for identifying signaling pathways and molecular targets that may provide early diagnostic markers and/or critical targets for the development of new drugs or drug combinations that block tumor formation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Feitelson
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Alla Arzumanyan
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rob J Kulathinal
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stacy W Blain
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Randall F Holcombe
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jamal Mahajna
- MIGAL-Galilee Technology Center, Cancer Drug Discovery Program, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Maria Marino
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, V.le G. Marconi, 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria L Martinez-Chantar
- Metabolomic Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Technology Park of Bizkaia, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Roman Nawroth
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Isidro Sanchez-Garcia
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Dipali Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Neeraj K Saxena
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Neetu Singh
- Tissue and Cell Culture Unit, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Shanchun Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sophie Chen
- Department of Research and Development, Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Trust Laboratory, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7YG, United Kingdom
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Pathology, Karmonas Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Dorota Halicka
- Brander Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Rochester, MN, United States
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106
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Herrington FD, Carmody RJ, Goodyear CS. Modulation of NF-κB Signaling as a Therapeutic Target in Autoimmunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:223-42. [PMID: 26597958 DOI: 10.1177/1087057115617456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases arise from the loss of tolerance to endogenous self-antigens, resulting in a heterogeneous range of chronic conditions that cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Western countries, over 5% of the population is affected by some form of autoimmune disease, with enhanced or inappropriate activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB implicated in a number of these conditions. Although treatment strategies for autoimmunity have improved significantly in recent years, current therapeutics are still not capable of achieving satisfactory disease management in all patients, and as such, the therapeutic modulation of NF-κB is an attractive target in autoimmunity. To date, no NF-κB inhibitors have progressed to the clinic for the treatment of autoimmunity, but a variety of promising approaches targeting multiple stages of the NF-κB pathway are currently being explored. This review focuses on the current strategies being investigated for the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway in autoimmune diseases and considers potential future strategies for the therapeutic targeting of this crucial transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity D Herrington
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ruaidhrí J Carmody
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carl S Goodyear
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow, UK GLAZgo Discovery Centre, University of Glasgow, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow, UK
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107
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Chong KY, Hsu CJ, Hung TH, Hu HS, Huang TT, Wang TH, Wang C, Chen CM, Choo KB, Tseng CP. Wnt pathway activation and ABCB1 expression account for attenuation of proteasome inhibitor-mediated apoptosis in multidrug-resistant cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:149-59. [PMID: 25590413 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.987093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple drug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to attenuating the effectiveness of chemotherapy to many human malignancies. Proteasome inhibition induces apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells and is recognized as a novel anticancer therapy approach. Despite its success, some multiple myeloma patients are resistant or become refractory to ongoing treatment by bortezomib suggesting that chemoresistant cancer cells may have developed a novel mechanism directed against the proteasome inhibitor. The present study aimed to investigate potential mechanism(s) of attenuation in a MDR cell line, MES-SA/Dx5. We found that compared to the parental human uterus sarcoma cell line MES-SA cells, MES-SA/Dx5 cells highly expressed the ABCB1 was more resistant to MG132 and bortezomib, escaping the proteasome inhibitor-induced apoptosis pathway. The resistance was reversed by co-treatment of MG132 and the ABCB1 inhibitor verapamil. The data indicated that ABCB1 might play a role in the efflux of MG132 from the MES-SA/Dx5 cells to reduce MG132-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the canonical Wnt pathway was found activated only in the MES-SA/Dx5 cells through active β-catenin and related transactivation activities. Western blot analysis demonstrated that Wnt-targeting genes, including c-Myc and cyclin D1, were upregulated and were relevant in inhibiting the expression of p21 in MES-SA/Dx5 cells. On the other hand, MES-SA cells expressed high levels of p21 and downregulated cyclin D1 and caused cell cycle arrest. Together, our study demonstrated the existence and participation of ABCB1 and the Wnt pathway in an MDR cell line that attenuated proteasome inhibitor-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kowit Yu Chong
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science; College of Medicine ; Chang Gung University ; Tao-Yuan , Taiwan , Republic of China
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108
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Chiba T, Matsuda A, Ichikawa S. Structure–activity relationship study of syringolin A as a potential anticancer agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4872-4877. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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109
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Thounaojam MC, Dudimah DF, Pellom ST, Uzhachenko RV, Carbone DP, Dikov MM, Shanker A. Bortezomib enhances expression of effector molecules in anti-tumor CD8+ T lymphocytes by promoting Notch-nuclear factor-κB crosstalk. Oncotarget 2015; 6:32439-55. [PMID: 26431276 PMCID: PMC4741704 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment usurps host antitumor immunity by multiple mechanisms including interference with the Notch system, which is important for various metazoan cell fate decisions and hematopoietic cell differentiation and function. We observed that treatment with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in mice bearing various solid tumors resulted in an upregulated expression of various Notch signaling components in lymphoid tissues, thereby increasing CD8+T-lymphocyte IFNγ secretion and expression of effector molecules, perforin and granzyme B, as well as the T-box transcription factor eomesodermin. Bortezomib also neutralized TGFβ-mediated suppression of IFNγ and granzyme B expression in activated CD8+T-cells. Of note, bortezomib reversed tumor-induced downregulation of Notch receptors, Notch1 and Notch2, as well as increased the levels of cleaved Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and downstream targets Hes1 and Hey1 in tumor-draining CD8+T-cells. Moreover, bortezomib promoted CD8+T-cell nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) activity by increasing the total and phosphorylated levels of the IκB kinase and IκBα as well as the cytoplasmic and nuclear levels of phosphorylated p65. Even when we blocked NFκB activity by Bay-11-7082, or NICD cleavage by γ-secretase inhibitor, bortezomib significantly increased expression of Notch Hes1 and Hey1 genes as well as perforin, granzyme B and eomesodermin in activated CD8+T-cells. Data suggest that bortezomib can rescue tumor-induced dysfunction of CD8+T-cells by its intrinsic stimulatory effects promoting NICD-NFκB crosstalk. These findings provide novel insights on using bortezomib not only as an agent to sensitize tumors to cell death but also to provide lymphocyte-stimulatory effects, thereby overcoming immunosuppressive actions of tumor on anti-tumor T-cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menaka C. Thounaojam
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Duafalia F. Dudimah
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samuel T. Pellom
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roman V. Uzhachenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David P. Carbone
- Department of Medicine, James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mikhail M. Dikov
- Department of Medicine, James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- Host-Tumor Interactions Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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110
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Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling of target-mediated drug disposition of bortezomib in mice. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2015; 42:541-52. [PMID: 26391023 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-015-9445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bortezomib is a reversible proteasome inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activity that exhibits dose- and time-dependent pharmacokinetics (PK). Proteasome-mediated bortezomib disposition is proposed as the primary source of its nonlinear and apparent nonstationary PK behavior. Single intravenous (IV) doses of bortezomib (0.25 and 1 mg/kg) were administrated to BALB/c mice, with blood and tissue samples obtained over 144 h, which were analyzed by LC/MS/MS. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model incorporating tissue drug-target binding was developed to test the hypothesis of proteasome-mediated bortezomib disposition. The final model reasonably captured bortezomib plasma and tissue PK profiles, and parameters were estimated with good precision. The rank-order of model estimated tissue target density correlated well with experimentally measured proteasome concentrations reported in the literature, supporting the hypothesis that binding to proteasome influences bortezomib disposition. The PBPK model was further scaled-up to humans to assess the similarity of bortezomib disposition among species. Human plasma bortezomib PK profiles following multiple IV dosing (1.3 mg/m(2)) on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 were simulated by appropriately scaling estimated mouse parameters. Simulated and observed bortezomib concentrations after multiple dosing were in good agreement, suggesting target-mediated bortezomib disposition is likely for both mice and humans. Furthermore, the model predicts that renal impairment should exert minimal influence on bortezomib exposure in humans, confirming that bortezomib dose adjustment is not necessary for patients with renal impairment.
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111
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Chen YJ, Wu H, Shen XZ. The ubiquitin-proteasome system and its potential application in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Cancer Lett 2015; 379:245-52. [PMID: 26193663 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a complicated tightly controlled system in charge of degrading 80-90% of proteins, and is central to regulating cellular function and keeping protein homeostasis. Therefore, the components of UPS attract considerable attention as potential targets for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy. The clinical success of bortezomib in multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma patients has set the precedent for therapeutically targeting this pathway. This review will provide an overview of the UPS in HCC and the current status of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xi-Zhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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112
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Thakral S, Suryanarayanan R. Salt formation during freeze-drying - an approach to enhance indomethacin dissolution. Pharm Res 2015; 32:3722-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1732-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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113
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Identification of markers that functionally define a quiescent multiple myeloma cell sub-population surviving bortezomib treatment. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:444. [PMID: 26025442 PMCID: PMC4448210 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms allowing residual multiple myeloma (MM) cells to persist after bortezomib (Bz) treatment remain unclear. We hypothesized that studying the biology of bortezomib-surviving cells may reveal markers to identify these cells and survival signals to target and kill residual MM cells. Methods We used H2B-GFP label retention, biochemical tools and in vitro and in vivo experiments to characterize growth arrest and the unfolded protein responses in quiescent Bz-surviving cells. We also tested the effect of a demethylating agent, 5-Azacytidine, on Bz-induced quiescence and whether inhibiting the chaperone GRP78/BiP (henceforth GRP78) with a specific toxin induced apoptosis in Bz-surviving cells. Finally, we used MM patient samples to test whether GRP78 levels might associate with disease progression. Statistical analysis employed t-test and Mann-Whitney tests at a 95% confidence. Results We report that Bz-surviving MM cells in vitro and in vivo enter quiescence characterized by p21CIP1 upregulation. Bz-surviving MM cells also downregulated CDK6, Ki67 and P-Rb. H2B-GFP label retention showed that Bz-surviving MM cells are either slow-cycling or deeply quiescent. The Bz-induced quiescence was stabilized by low dose (500nM) of 5-azacytidine (Aza) pre-treatment, which also potentiated the initial Bz-induced apoptosis. We also found that expression of GRP78, an unfolded protein response (UPR) survival factor, persisted in MM quiescent cells. Importantly, GRP78 downregulation using a specific SubAB bacterial toxin killed Bz-surviving MM cells. Finally, quantification of Grp78high/CD138+ MM cells from patients suggested that high levels correlated with progressive disease. Conclusions We conclude that Bz-surviving MM cells display a GRP78HIGH/p21HIGH/CDK6LOW/P-RbLOW profile, and these markers may identify quiescent MM cells capable of fueling recurrences. We further conclude that Aza + Bz treatment of MM may represent a novel strategy to delay recurrences by enhancing Bz-induced apoptosis and quiescence stability. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1460-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Abstract
The destruction of proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome system is a multi-step, complex process involving polyubiquitination of substrate proteins, followed by proteolytic degradation by the macromolecular 26S proteasome complex. Inhibitors of the proteasome promote the accumulation of proteins that are deleterious to cell survival, and represent promising anti-cancer agents. In multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, treatment with the first-generation proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, or the second-generation inhibitor, carfilzomib, has demonstrated significant therapeutic benefit in humans. This has prompted United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) approval of these agents and development of additional second-generation compounds with improved properties. There is considerable interest in extending the benefits of proteasome inhibitors to the treatment of solid tumor malignancies. Herein, we review progress that has been made in the preclinical development and clinical evaluation of different proteasome inhibitors in solid tumors. In addition, we describe several novel approaches that are currently being pursued for the treatment of solid tumors, including drug combinatorial strategies incorporating proteasome inhibitors and the targeting of components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system that are distinct from the 26S proteasome complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Johnson
- Division of Hematology/OncologyDepartments of Medicine, and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Room 2.18c, Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Profound activity of the anti-cancer drug bortezomib against Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes identifies the proteasome as a novel drug target for cestodes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3352. [PMID: 25474446 PMCID: PMC4256282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A library of 426 FDA-approved drugs was screened for in vitro activity against E. multilocularis metacestodes employing the phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) assay. Initial screening at 20 µM revealed that 7 drugs induced considerable metacestode damage, and further dose-response studies revealed that bortezomib (BTZ), a proteasome inhibitor developed for the chemotherapy of myeloma, displayed high anti-metacestodal activity with an EC50 of 0.6 µM. BTZ treatment of E. multilocularis metacestodes led to an accumulation of ubiquinated proteins and unequivocally parasite death. In-gel zymography assays using E. multilocularis extracts demonstrated BTZ-mediated inhibition of protease activity in a band of approximately 23 kDa, the same size at which the proteasome subunit beta 5 of E. multilocularis could be detected by Western blot. Balb/c mice experimentally infected with E. multilocularis metacestodes were used to assess BTZ treatment, starting at 6 weeks post-infection by intraperitoneal injection of BTZ. This treatment led to reduced parasite weight, but to a degree that was not statistically significant, and it induced adverse effects such as diarrhea and neurological symptoms. In conclusion, the proteasome was identified as a drug target in E. multilocularis metacestodes that can be efficiently inhibited by BTZ in vitro. However, translation of these findings into in vivo efficacy requires further adjustments of treatment regimens using BTZ, or possibly other proteasome inhibitors. Tapeworms (cestodes) are a class of important human pathogens, causing very severe diseases in man such as alveolar echinococcosis (Echinococcus multilocularis), cystic echinococcosis (E. granulosus) and neurocysticercosis (Taenia solium). Current treatments are mainly based on benzimidazoles that show some limited activity against cestode larvae, but often do not kill them. These compounds have to be taken for extended periods of time, and can cause adverse side-effects. Cestode infections cause neglected diseases and the pharmaceutical industry is generally not interested in investments for developing novel bioactive compounds. In this study we focus on a panel of FDA-approved drugs and assessed them in E. multilocularis, which causes the most deadly of all helminth infections. One compound, the anti-cancer drug bortezomib, exhibits considerable in vitro activity against E. multilocularis metacestodes, and we provide evidence that it acts on the proteasome. In experimentally infected mice bortezomib activity was lower than the currently used albendazole and induced adverse effects. Bortezomib is therefore not a useful drug for treatment of Echinococcus larvae, but our results demonstrate that in future studies the cestode proteasome should gain more attention as a drug target.
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Cosenza M, Civallero M, Pozzi S, Marcheselli L, Bari A, Sacchi S. The combination of bortezomib with enzastaurin or lenalidomide enhances cytotoxicity in follicular and mantle cell lymphoma cell lines. Hematol Oncol 2014; 33:166-75. [PMID: 25394177 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the combination of a proteasome inhibitor (bortezomib) with enzastaurin (PKC/AKT-inhibitor) or lenalidomide (immunomodulatory agent) for the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in B-cell lymphoma cell lines and primary malignant cells. The effects of bortezomib, enzastaurin or lenalidomide, alone or in combinations, on cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated using the Cell Proliferation Kit and flow cytometry analysis. The interaction between drugs was examined by the Chou-Talalay method. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry. The PI3K/AKT, PKC and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways were analyzed using western blot. Bortezomib with either enzastaurin or lenalidomide synergistically induced anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in B-cell lymphoma cells, even in the presence of the bone marrow microenvironment. The direct cytotoxicity is mediated by signaling events involving the PI3K/AKT, PKC and MAPK/ERK pathways leading to cell death. The significant increase of apoptosis was mediated by an increased ratio of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bad and Bim) to anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1), triggering the cleavage of caspases -3, -9, -8 and PARP. Further evaluation of the combination of bortezomib with enzastaurin or lenalidomide for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma is warranted, with the goal to improve the quality of life and survival of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cosenza
- Program of Innovative Therapies in Oncology and Haematology, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Civallero
- Program of Innovative Therapies in Oncology and Haematology, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Samantha Pozzi
- Program of Innovative Therapies in Oncology and Haematology, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luigi Marcheselli
- Program of Innovative Therapies in Oncology and Haematology, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessia Bari
- Program of Innovative Therapies in Oncology and Haematology, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Sacchi
- Program of Innovative Therapies in Oncology and Haematology, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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117
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Ben-Nissan G, Sharon M. Regulating the 20S proteasome ubiquitin-independent degradation pathway. Biomolecules 2014; 4:862-84. [PMID: 25250704 PMCID: PMC4192676 DOI: 10.3390/biom4030862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years, the ubiquitin-26S proteasome degradation pathway was considered the primary route for proteasomal degradation. However, it is now becoming clear that proteins can also be targeted for degradation by the core 20S proteasome itself. Degradation by the 20S proteasome does not require ubiquitin tagging or the presence of the 19S regulatory particle; rather, it relies on the inherent structural disorder of the protein being degraded. Thus, proteins that contain unstructured regions due to oxidation, mutation, or aging, as well as naturally, intrinsically unfolded proteins, are susceptible to 20S degradation. Unlike the extensive knowledge acquired over the years concerning degradation by the 26S proteasome, relatively little is known about the means by which 20S-mediated proteolysis is controlled. Here, we describe our current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that coordinate 20S proteasome-mediated degradation, and highlight the gaps in knowledge that remain to be bridged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gili Ben-Nissan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Michal Sharon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in drug therapy for multiple myeloma (MM) during the previous decade have improved survival outcomes; however, the disease remains incurable as patients eventually relapse or become refractory to all available therapies. Therefore, there is a clear need for more effective and well-tolerated treatments. AREAS COVERED We review preclinical and clinical data regarding the use of carfilzomib , a proteasome inhibitor that is structurally and mechanistically distinct from bortezomib, for the treatment of MM patients. Carfilzomib pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, safety and tolerability are summarized, based on Phase I/II trial data. EXPERT OPINION Carfilzomib represents a significant advance in the management of relapsed and/or refractory MM patients, including those intolerant or resistant to bortezomib. High response rates have been demonstrated with carfilzomib as a single agent or in combination with alkylating agents, immunomodulators and corticosteroids, even among patients who have failed multiple prior therapies. Carfilzomib also has significant potential in the frontline setting, with encouraging response and survival rates observed for combination regimens. Further evaluation of carfilzomib-containing regimens is ongoing in Phase III trials and investigator-sponsored studies, which include combinations with novel investigational agents. These findings will shape the future role of carfilzomib for MM patients across multiple settings.
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Proteasome inhibitor inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in renal interstitial fibroblasts. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:1357-65. [PMID: 24399732 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ubiquitin proteasome pathway plays a pivotal role in controlling cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation in a variety of normal and tumor cells. This study aimed to investigate the role of a proteasome inhibitor on proliferation, apoptosis and related proteins in renal interstitial fibroblasts (NRK-49F). METHODS NRK-49F cells were induced using transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and pretreated with the proteasome inhibitor MG-132. Cell proliferation was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). The cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed using flow cytometry. Apoptosis was also analyzed using a DNA ladder. The protein expression of p53, p27, p21, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax was examined using western blots. RESULTS The results showed that TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml) can stimulate the proliferation of NRK-49F cells.MG-132 (0.25-5 μM) inhibited TGF-β1-induced proliferation in a dose-dependent manner through G1-arrest; TGF-β1 alone did not induce apoptosis (3.8 ± 0.4% vs. 4.7 ± 1.6%). However, pretreatment with MG-132 significantly induced apoptosis in TGF-b1-stimulated NRK-49F cells in a dose-dependent manner. A typical DNA ladder was also confirmed in these two groups. Western blot analysis showed that MG-132 activated p53, p21, caspase-3 and Bax, and inhibited Bcl-2 in a dose-dependent manner, while p27 expression remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS A proteasome inhibitor inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in renal interstitial fibroblasts stimulated by TGF-β1. The mechanism may relate to the p53, p21, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax pathways. Our results suggest that a proteasome inhibitor could be a new strategy to treat renal interstitial fibrosis.
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120
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Zang Y, Kirk CJ, Johnson DE. Carfilzomib and oprozomib synergize with histone deacetylase inhibitors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma models of acquired resistance to proteasome inhibitors. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:1142-52. [PMID: 24915039 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.29452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance to proteasome inhibitors represents a considerable impediment to their effective clinical application. Carfilzomib and its orally bioavailable structural analog oprozomib are second-generation, highly-selective, proteasome inhibitors. However, the mechanisms of acquired resistance to carfilzomib and oprozomib are incompletely understood, and effective strategies for overcoming this resistance are needed. Here, we developed models of acquired resistance to carfilzomib in two head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, UMSCC-1 and Cal33, through gradual exposure to increasing drug concentrations. The resistant lines R-UMSCC-1 and R-Cal33 demonstrated 205- and 64-fold resistance, respectively, relative to the parental lines. Similarly, a high level of cross-resistance to oprozomib, as well as paclitaxel, was observed, whereas only moderate resistance to bortezomib (8- to 29-fold), and low level resistance to cisplatin (1.5- to 5-fold) was seen. Synergistic induction of apoptosis signaling and cell death, and inhibition of colony formation followed co-treatment of acquired resistance models with carfilzomib and the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) vorinostat. Synergism was also seen with other combinations, including oprozomib plus vorinostat, or carfilzomib plus the HDACi entinostat. Synergism was accompanied by upregulation of proapoptotic Bik, and suppression of Bik attenuated the synergy. The acquired resistance models also exhibited elevated levels of MDR-1/P-gp. Inhibition of MDR-1/P-gp with reversin 121 partially overcame carfilzomib resistance in R-UMSCC-1 and R-Cal33 cells. Collectively, these studies indicate that combining carfilzomib or oprozomib with HDAC or MDR-1/P-gp inhibitors may be a useful strategy for overcoming acquired resistance to these proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zang
- Department of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | | | - Daniel E Johnson
- Department of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Pittsburgh, PA USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PA USA
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Bringhen S, Gay F, Donato F, Troia R, Mina R, Palumbo A. Current Phase II investigational proteasome inhibitors for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:1193-209. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.920821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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122
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Hui KF, Chiang AKS. Combination of proteasome and class I HDAC inhibitors induces apoptosis of NPC cells through an HDAC6-independent ER stress-induced mechanism. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:2950-61. [PMID: 24771510 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The current paradigm stipulates that inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 6 is essential for the combinatorial effect of proteasome and HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of cancers. Our study aims to investigate the effect of combining different class I HDAC inhibitors (without HDAC6 action) with a proteasome inhibitor on apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We found that combination of a proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, and several class I HDAC inhibitors, including MS-275, apicidin and romidepsin, potently induced killing of NPC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Among the drug pairs, combination of bortezomib and romidepsin (bort/romidepsin) was the most potent and could induce apoptosis at low nanomolar concentrations. The apoptosis of NPC cells was reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and caspase-dependent but was independent of HDAC6 inhibition. Of note, bort/romidepsin might directly suppress the formation of aggresome through the downregulation of c-myc. In addition, two markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis, ATF-4 and CHOP/GADD153, were upregulated, whereas a specific inhibitor of caspase-4 (an initiator of ER stress-induced apoptosis) could suppress the apoptosis. When ROS level in the NPC cells was reduced to the untreated level, ER stress-induced caspase activation was abrogated. Collectively, our data demonstrate a model of synergism between proteasome and class I HDAC inhibitors in the induction of ROS-dependent ER stress-induced apoptosis of NPC cells, independent of HDAC6 inhibition, and provide the rationale to combine the more specific and potent class I HDAC inhibitors with proteasome inhibitors for the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwai Fung Hui
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Maggio RM, Calvo NL, Vignaduzzo SE, Kaufman TS. Pharmaceutical impurities and degradation products: uses and applications of NMR techniques. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 101:102-22. [PMID: 24853620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Current standards and regulations demand the pharmaceutical industry not only to produce highly pure drug substances, but to achieve a thorough understanding of the impurities accompanying their manufactured drug substances and products. These challenges have become important goals of process chemistry and have steadily stimulated the search of impurities after accelerated or forced degradation procedures. As a result, impurity profiling is one of the most attractive, active and relevant fields of modern pharmaceutical analysis. This activity includes the identification, structural elucidation and quantitative determination of impurities and degradation products in bulk drugs and their pharmaceutical formulations. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has evolved into an irreplaceable approach for pharmaceutical quality assessment, currently playing a critical role in unequivocal structure identification as well as structural confirmation (qualitative detection), enabling the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the formation of process and/or degradation impurities. NMR is able to provide qualitative information without the need of standards of the unknown compounds and multiple components can be quantified in a complex sample without previous separation. When coupled to separative techniques, the resulting hyphenated methodologies enhance the analytical power of this spectroscopy to previously unknown levels. As a result, and by enabling the implementation of rational decisions regarding the identity and level of impurities, NMR contributes to the goal of making better and safer medicines. Herein are discussed the applications of NMR spectroscopy and its hyphenated derivate techniques to the study of a wide range pharmaceutical impurities. Details on the advantages and disadvantages of the methodology and well as specific challenges with regards to the different analytical problems are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén M Maggio
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Área Análisis de Medicamentos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina
| | - Natalia L Calvo
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Área Análisis de Medicamentos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina
| | - Silvana E Vignaduzzo
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Área Análisis de Medicamentos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina
| | - Teodoro S Kaufman
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Área Análisis de Medicamentos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina.
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Kawamura S, Unno Y, Asai A, Arisawa M, Shuto S. Development of a new class of proteasome inhibitors with an epoxyketone warhead: Rational hybridization of non-peptidic belactosin derivatives and peptide epoxyketones. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:3091-5. [PMID: 24814885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors are currently a focus of increased attention as anticancer drug candidates. We recently performed systematic structure-activity relationship studies of the peptidic natural product belactosin A and identified non-peptidic derivative 2 as a highly potent proteasome inhibitor. However, the cell growth inhibitory effect of 2 is only moderate, probably due to the biologically unstable β-lactone warhead. Peptide epoxyketones are an important class of proteasome inhibitors exhibit high potency in cellular systems based on the efficient α,β-epoxyketone warhead. Importantly, belactosin derivatives bind primarily to the primed binding site, while peptide epoxyketones bind only to the non-primed binding site of proteasome, suggesting that hybridization of them might lead to the development of a new class of proteasome inhibitors. Thus, we successfully identified a novel chemotype of proteasome inhibitors 3 and 4 by rational structure-based design, which are expected to bind to both the primed and non-primed binding sites of proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kawamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuka Unno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Arisawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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Kawamura S, Unno Y, Asai A, Arisawa M, Shuto S. Structurally Novel Highly Potent Proteasome Inhibitors Created by the Structure-Based Hybridization of Nonpeptidic Belactosin Derivatives and Peptide Boronates. J Med Chem 2014; 57:2726-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500045x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuka Unno
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Arisawa
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Nardon C, Schmitt SM, Yang H, Zuo J, Fregona D, Dou QP. Gold(III)-dithiocarbamato peptidomimetics in the forefront of the targeted anticancer therapy: preclinical studies against human breast neoplasia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84248. [PMID: 24392119 PMCID: PMC3879379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the serendipitous discovery of cisplatin, platinum-based drugs have become well-established antitumor agents, despite the fact that their clinical use is limited by many severe side-effects. In order to both improve the chemotherapeutic index and broaden the therapeutic spectrum of current drugs, our most recent anti-neoplastic agents, Au(III) complexes, were designed as carrier-mediated delivery systems exploiting peptide transporters, which are up-regulated in some cancers. Among all, we focused on two compounds and tested them on human MDA-MB-231 (resistant to cisplatin) breast cancer cell cultures and xenografts, discovering the proteasome as a major target both in vitro and in vivo. 53% inhibition of breast tumor growth in mice was observed after 27 days of treatment at 1.0 mg kg−1 d−1, compared to control. Remarkably, if only the most responsive mice are taken into account, 85% growth inhibition, with some animals showing tumor shrinkage, was observed after 13 days. These results led us to file an international patent, recognizing this class of gold(III) peptidomimetics as suitable candidates for entering phase I clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nardon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sara M. Schmitt
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Huanjie Yang
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jian Zuo
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dolores Fregona
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail: (DF); (QPD)
| | - Q. Ping Dou
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DF); (QPD)
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Allegra A, Alonci A, Gerace D, Russo S, Innao V, Calabrò L, Musolino C. New orally active proteasome inhibitors in multiple myeloma. Leuk Res 2013; 38:1-9. [PMID: 24239172 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bortezomib is the first proteasome inhibitor approved for the therapy of multiple myeloma (MM). Although Bortezomib has renovated the treatment of MM, a considerable proportion of subjects fail to respond to Bortezomib treatment and almost all patients relapse from this drug either alone or when used in combination therapies. However, the good clinical outcome of Bortezomib treatment in MM patients gave impulsion for the development of second generation proteasome inhibitors with the ambition of improving efficacy of proteasome inhibition, enhancing antitumor activity, and decreasing toxicity, as well as providing flexible dosing schedules and patient convenience. This review provides an overview of the role of oral proteasome inhibitors including Marizomib, Oprozomib, Delanzomib, chemical proteasome inhibitors, and cinnabaramides, in the therapy of MM, focusing on developments over the past five years. These emerging drugs with different mechanisms of action have exhibited promising antitumor activity in patients with relapsed/refractory MM, and they are creating chances to target multiple pathways, overcome resistance, and improve clinical outcomes, mainly for those subjects who are refractory to approved agents. Future steps in the clinical development of oral inhibitors include the optimization of the schedule and the definition of their antitumor activity in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Alonci
- Division of Hematology University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Demetrio Gerace
- Division of Hematology University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sabina Russo
- Division of Hematology University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vanessa Innao
- Division of Hematology University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Calabrò
- Division of Hematology University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Abstract
Hypoxia is a significant feature of solid tumor cancers. Hypoxia leads to a more malignant phenotype that is resistant to chemotherapy and radiation, is more invasive and has greater metastatic potential. Hypoxia activates the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway, which mediates the biological effects of hypoxia in tissues. The HIF complex acts as a transcription factor for many genes that increase tumor survival and proliferation. To date, many HIF pathway inhibitors indirectly affect HIF but there have been no clinically approved direct HIF inhibitors. This can be attributed to the complexity of the HIF pathway, as well as to the challenges of inhibiting protein-protein interactions.
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Bortezomib alters microtubule polymerization and axonal transport in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Neurotoxicology 2013; 39:124-31. [PMID: 24035926 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bortezomib is part of a newer class of chemotherapeutic agents whose mechanism of action is inhibition of the proteasome-ubiquitination system. Primarily used in multiple myeloma, bortezomib causes a sensory-predominant axonal peripheral neuropathy in approximately 30% of patients. There are no established useful preventative agents for bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BIPN), and the molecular mechanisms of BIPN are unknown. We have developed an in vitro model of BIPN using rat dorsal root ganglia neuronal cultures. At clinically-relevant dosages, bortezomib produces a sensory axonopathy as evidenced by whole explant outgrowth and cell survival assays. This sensory axonopathy is associated with alterations in tubulin and results in accumulation of somatic tubulin without changes in microtubule ultrastructure. Furthermore, we observed an increased proportion of polymerized tubulin, but not total or acetylated tubulin, in bortezomib-treated DRG neurons. Similar findings are observed with lactacystin, an unrelated proteasome-inhibitor, which argues for a class effect of proteasome inhibition on dorsal root ganglion neurons. Finally, there is a change in axonal transport of mitochondria induced by bortezomib in a time-dependent fashion. In summary, we have developed an in vitro model of BIPN that recapitulates the clinical sensory axonopathy; this model demonstrates that bortezomib induces an alteration in microtubules and axonal transport. This robust model will be used in future mechanistic studies of BIPN and its prevention.
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130
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Khot AS, Prince HM, Harrison SJ, Seymour JF. Myeloma and pregnancy: strange bedfellows? Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 55:966-8. [PMID: 23964646 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.837163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit S Khot
- Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
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131
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Ryckewaert A, Allain-Launay E, Moreau A, Blancho G, Cesbron A, Blin N, Roussey G. Failure of bortezomib to cure acute antibody-mediated rejection in a non-compliant renal transplant patient. Pediatr Transplant 2013; 17:E131-6. [PMID: 23834525 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bortezomib has appeared recently as a potential active treatment for acute AMR for few years. We reported a patient who received two courses of bortezomib for the treatment of an acute AMR associated with de novo HLA DSA that occurred 18 months after renal transplantation because of non-compliance. Graft biopsy revealed features of acute humoral rejection with plasmocyte infiltration and C4d staining. Bortezomib was associated with corticosteroid pulses, IVIgs, and PP. Despite this rapid management, the patient lost his graft and carried on dialysis. Bortezomib therapy in addition to current therapy of AMR is not always effective in the treatment for late acute AMR in renal transplantation. We discuss on the place of such a treatment and other therapeutic strategies in this indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ryckewaert
- Pediatric Department, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire, Rennes, France
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132
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Papadopoulos KP, Burris HA, Gordon M, Lee P, Sausville EA, Rosen PJ, Patnaik A, Cutler RE, Wang Z, Lee S, Jones SF, Infante JR. A phase I/II study of carfilzomib 2-10-min infusion in patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 72:861-8. [PMID: 23975329 PMCID: PMC3784064 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity of carfilzomib, a selective proteasome inhibitor, administered twice weekly by 2-10-min intravenous (IV) infusion on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 in 28-day cycles, were assessed in patients with advanced solid tumors in this phase I/II study. METHODS Adult patients with solid tumors progressing after ≥1 prior therapies were enrolled. The dose was 20 mg/m(2) in week 1 of cycle 1 and 20, 27, or 36 mg/m(2) thereafter. The maximum tolerated dose or protocol-defined maximum planned dose (MPD) identified during dose escalation was administered to an expansion cohort and to patients with small cell lung, non-small cell lung, ovarian, and renal cancer in phase II tumor-specific cohorts. RESULTS Fourteen patients received carfilzomib during dose escalation. The single dose-limiting toxicity at 20/36 mg/m(2) was grade 3 fatigue, establishing the MPD as the expansion and phase II dose. Sixty-five additional patients received carfilzomib at the MPD. Adverse events included fatigue, nausea, anorexia, and dyspnea. Carfilzomib PK was dose proportional with a half-life <1 h. All doses resulted in at least 80 % proteasome inhibition in blood. Partial responses occurred in two patients in phase I, with 21.5 % stable disease after four cycles in evaluable patients in the expansion and phase II cohorts. CONCLUSION Carfilzomib 20/36 mg/m(2) was well tolerated when administered twice weekly by 2-10-min IV infusion. At this dose and infusion rate, carfilzomib inhibited the proteasome in blood but demonstrated limited antitumor activity in patients with advanced solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos P Papadopoulos
- South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics (START), 4383 Medical Dr, Room 4042, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA,
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133
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Kawamura S, Unno Y, Tanaka M, Sasaki T, Yamano A, Hirokawa T, Kameda T, Asai A, Arisawa M, Shuto S. Investigation of the Noncovalent Binding Mode of Covalent Proteasome Inhibitors around the Transition State by Combined Use of Cyclopropylic Strain-Based Conformational Restriction and Computational Modeling. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5829-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400542h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuka Unno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tanaka
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku,
Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Takuma Sasaki
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku,
Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Akihito Yamano
- Rigaku Corporation, X-ray Institute, 3-9-12
Matsubara-cho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Hirokawa
- Computational Biology Research Center (CBRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koutou-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Tomoshi Kameda
- Computational Biology Research Center (CBRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koutou-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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134
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U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approval: Carfilzomib for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:4559-63. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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135
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Wu L, Grigoryan AV, Li Y, Hao B, Pagano M, Cardozo TJ. Specific small molecule inhibitors of Skp2-mediated p27 degradation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 19:1515-24. [PMID: 23261596 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the ubiquitin proteasome system, the E3 ligase SCF-Skp2 and its accessory protein, Cks1, promote proliferation largely by inducing the degradation of the CDK inhibitor p27. Overexpression of Skp2 in human cancers correlates with poor prognosis, and deregulation of SCF-Skp2-Cks1 promotes tumorigenesis in animal models. We identified small molecule inhibitors specific to SCF-Skp2 activity using in silico screens targeted to the binding interface for p27. These compounds selectively inhibited Skp2-mediated p27 degradation by reducing p27 binding through key compound-receptor contacts. In cancer cells, the compounds induced p27 accumulation in a Skp2-dependent manner and promoted cell-type-specific blocks in the G1 or G2/M phases. Designing SCF-Skp2-specific inhibitors may be a novel strategy to treat cancers dependent on the Skp2-p27 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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136
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Kawamura S, Unno Y, List A, Mizuno A, Tanaka M, Sasaki T, Arisawa M, Asai A, Groll M, Shuto S. Potent Proteasome Inhibitors Derived from the Unnatural cis-Cyclopropane Isomer of Belactosin A: Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Mode of Action. J Med Chem 2013; 56:3689-700. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4002296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kawamura
- Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo
060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuka Unno
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada,
Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Anja List
- Center for Integrated Protein
Science at the Department of Chemistry, Chair of Biochemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse
4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Akirai Mizuno
- Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo
060-0812, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tanaka
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin
University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Takuma Sasaki
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin
University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Arisawa
- Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo
060-0812, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada,
Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Michael Groll
- Center for Integrated Protein
Science at the Department of Chemistry, Chair of Biochemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse
4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo
060-0812, Japan
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137
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Wang L, Dai C, Burroughs SK, Wang SL, Wang B. Arylboronic Acid Chemistry under Electrospray Conditions. Chemistry 2013; 19:7587-94. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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138
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139
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Gupta SV, Hertlein E, Lu Y, Sass EJ, Lapalombella R, Chen TL, Davis ME, Woyach JA, Lehman A, Jarjoura D, Byrd JC, Lucas DM. The proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib functions independently of p53 to induce cytotoxicity and an atypical NF-κB response in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:2406-19. [PMID: 23515408 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The proteasome consists of chymotrypsin-like (CT-L), trypsin-like, and caspase-like subunits that cleave substrates preferentially by amino acid sequence. Proteasomes mediate degradation of regulatory proteins of the p53, Bcl-2, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) families that are aberrantly active in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). CLL remains an incurable disease, and new treatments are especially needed in the relapsed/refractory setting. We therefore investigated the effects of the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib (CFZ) in CLL cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tumor cells from CLL patients were assayed in vitro using immunoblotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. In addition, a p53 dominant-negative construct was generated in a human B-cell line. RESULTS Unlike bortezomib, CFZ potently induces apoptosis in CLL patient cells in the presence of human serum. CLL cells have significantly lower basal CT-L activity compared to normal B and T cells, although activity is inhibited similarly in T cells versus CLL. Co-culture of CLL cells on stroma protected from CFZ-mediated cytotoxicity; however, PI3K inhibition significantly diminished this stromal protection. CFZ-mediated cytotoxicity in leukemic B cells is caspase-dependent and occurs irrespective of p53 status. In CLL cells, CFZ promotes atypical activation of NF-κB evidenced by loss of cytoplasmic IκBα, phosphorylation of IκBα, and increased p50/p65 DNA binding, without subsequent increases in canonical NF-κB target gene transcription. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data provide new mechanistic insights into the activity of CFZ in CLL and support phase I investigation of CFZ in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha V Gupta
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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140
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Li C, Johnson DE. Liberation of functional p53 by proteasome inhibition in human papilloma virus-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells promotes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:923-34. [PMID: 23421999 DOI: 10.4161/cc.23882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection represents an emerging risk factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In contrast to HPV-negative HNSCC, most cases of HPV-positive HNSCC encode wild-type p53, although the p53 protein in these cells is rapidly degraded via HPV E6-mediated ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. This unique feature of HPV-positive HNSCC has raised hope that liberation of wild-type p53 from the E6 protein may have therapeutic benefit in this disease. Indeed, suppression of E6 expression promotes apoptosis in HPV-positive HNSCC cell lines. However, the role of p53 in mediating this cell death has not been determined. Here, we demonstrate that siRNAs targeting the E6/E7 RNA, or treatment with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, resulted in upregulation of functional p53 and p53 gene targets in three HPV-positive HNSCC cell lines, but not in HPV-negative HNSCC cells. Apoptosis induced by E6/E7 siRNA in HPV-positive cells was found to be dependent on p53, while bortezomib-induced cell death was modestly p53-dependent. Treatment with subtoxic doses of bortezomib led to cell cycle arrest in HPV-positive, but not HPV-negative HNSCC cells. Moreover, this cell cycle arrest was mediated by p53 and the cell cycle inhibitor p21, the product of a p53 target gene. Collectively, these findings establish that wild-type p53 encoded by HPV-positive HNSCC cells, once liberated from HPV E6, can play important roles in promoting apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyou Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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141
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Dechavanne V, Vilbois F, Glez L, Antonsson B. Purification and separation of the 20S immunoproteasome from the constitutive proteasome and identification of the subunits by LC–MS. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 87:100-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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142
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Nayak MK, Kulkarni PP, Dash D. Regulatory role of proteasome in determination of platelet life span. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:6826-34. [PMID: 23329846 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.403154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Limit of platelet life span (8-10 days) is determined by the activity of a putative "internal clock" composed of Bcl-2 family proteins, whereas the role of other molecular players in this process remains obscure. Here, we sought to establish a central role of proteasome in platelet life span regulation. Administration of mice with inhibitors of proteasome peptidase activity induced significant thrombocytopenia. This was associated with enhanced clearance of biotin-labeled platelets from circulation and reduction in average platelet half-life from 66 to 37 h. Cells pretreated in vitro with proteasome inhibitors exhibited augmented annexin V binding and a drop in mitochondrial transmembrane potential indicative of apoptotic cell death and decreased platelet life span. These cells were preferentially phagocytosed by monocyte-derived macrophages, thus linking proteasome activity with platelet survival. The decisive role of proteasome in this process was underscored from enhanced expression of conformationally active Bax in platelets with attenuated proteasome activity, which was consistent with pro-apoptotic phenotype of these cells. The present study establishes a critical role of proteasome in delimiting platelet life span ostensibly through constitutive elimination of the conformationally active Bax. These findings bear potential implications in clinical settings where proteasome peptidase activities are therapeutically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa K Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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143
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Kawamura S, Unno Y, Asai A, Arisawa M, Shuto S. Design and synthesis of the stabilized analogs of belactosin A with the unnatural cis-cyclopropane structure. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6615-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41338a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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144
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Song CZ, Wang QW, Song CC. Erythrocyte-based analgesic peptides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 180:58-61. [PMID: 23220007 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human erythrocyte discards the major organelles in a bid to maximize cellular hemoglobin. Hemoglobin, approximately 98% of the intraerythrocytic protein, serves as the principle transport medium of gaseous conveyance. The accumulated data speaks in favor of erythrocyte not merely engaging in gas exchange, but building molecular signaling as a side job during its 4-month sojourn in blood circulation. The production mechanism of erythrocyte-based bioactive peptides is not clear. Recent studies indicate that proteasome and its subunits persist in mature erythrocyte. The intraerythrocytic proteasome is involved in the formation of hemoglobin-derived analgesic peptides and enables erythrocyte to exert the erythrocrine function. Erythrocrine describes erythrocyte for generation and excretion of signaling molecules and has the potential of shedding light on our understanding of novel actions of erythrocyte. Different types of erythrocrine analgesic peptides are originated from the intraerythrocytic degradation of hemoglobin and manifest the systemic influence in physiology and pathophysiology along its travel through the body via the bloodstream. Translational research from bench to bedside will expand our knowledge of erythrocrine concept and facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for clinical pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zheng Song
- Erythrocrine Project of Translational Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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145
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Krysko DV, Garg AD, Kaczmarek A, Krysko O, Agostinis P, Vandenabeele P. Immunogenic cell death and DAMPs in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2012; 12:860-75. [PMID: 23151605 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1883] [Impact Index Per Article: 156.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although it was thought that apoptotic cells, when rapidly phagocytosed, underwent a silent death that did not trigger an immune response, in recent years a new concept of immunogenic cell death (ICD) has emerged. The immunogenic characteristics of ICD are mainly mediated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which include surface-exposed calreticulin (CRT), secreted ATP and released high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1). Most DAMPs can be recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). In this Review, we discuss the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in regulating the immunogenicity of dying cancer cells and the effect of therapy-resistant cancer microevolution on ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri V Krysko
- Molecular Signalling and Cell Death Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, VIB-Ghent University Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium. Dmitri.Krysko@dmbr. ugent.be
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146
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Wang Z, Yang J, Kirk C, Fang Y, Alsina M, Badros A, Papadopoulos K, Wong A, Woo T, Bomba D, Li J, Infante JR. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, and Drug-Drug Interaction of Carfilzomib. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 41:230-7. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.047662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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147
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Jost MM. Surrogate end points: how well do they represent patient-relevant end points? Biomark Med 2012; 1:437-51. [PMID: 20477385 DOI: 10.2217/17520363.1.3.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review takes a critical look at the concept of replacing patient-relevant end points, such as morbidity or mortality, with surrogate end points in clinical trials. Surrogate end points can be measured earlier in the course of a clinical trial and so are thought to accelerate the drug development process. Furthermore, they might be beneficial to the patients themselves by allowing faster adjustment of therapeutic strategies. However, the fact that in the past several promising surrogate end points have not fulfilled their expectations emphasizes the importance of applying strict evaluation criteria. The evaluation of the candidate surrogate end point prostate-specific antigen using the Prentice criteria and a meta-analytic approach is discussed. Prostate-specific antigen is often used to replace overall or progression-free survival in prostate cancer trials testing the benefit of medical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M Jost
- Institute for Quality & Efficiency in Health Care, Dillenburger Str. 27, D-51105 Cologne, Germany.
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148
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Jardine L, Hambleton S, Bigley V, Pagan S, Wang XN, Collin M. Sensitizing primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia to natural killer cell recognition by induction of NKG2D ligands. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 54:167-73. [PMID: 22742576 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.708026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell immunosurveillance may be impaired by malignant disease, resulting in tumor escape and disease progression. Therapies that enhance NK cytotoxicity may therefore prove valuable in remission-induction and maintenance treatment regimens. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has previously been considered resistant to NK cell lysis and not tractable to this approach. Our study demonstrates that bortezomib, valproate and troglitazone can up-regulate NK activating ligands on a B-ALL cell line and on a proportion but not all adult primary B-ALL samples. Drug-treated ALL cells trigger higher levels of NK degranulation, as measured by CD107a expression, and this effect is dependent on signaling through the NK activating receptor NKG2D. These results suggest that bortezomib, valproate and troglitazone may have clinical utility in sensitizing ALL to NK mediated lysis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jardine
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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149
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Zang Y, Thomas SM, Chan ET, Kirk CJ, Freilino ML, DeLancey HM, Grandis JR, Li C, Johnson DE. Carfilzomib and ONX 0912 inhibit cell survival and tumor growth of head and neck cancer and their activities are enhanced by suppression of Mcl-1 or autophagy. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:5639-49. [PMID: 22929803 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Carfilzomib is a selective, irreversible inhibitor of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome and is undergoing clinical evaluation in myeloma. ONX 0912 (oprozomib) is an orally bioavailable derivative. The activities of carfilzomib and ONX 0912 against solid tumor malignancies are less well understood. We investigated the impact and mechanisms of action of carfilzomib and ONX 0912 in preclinical models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The effects of carfilzomib and ONX 0912 on HNSCC cell survival and xenograft tumor growth were evaluated. The impact and mechanisms of both agents on apoptosis and autophagy induction were also investigated. The contribution of the unfolded protein response (UPR) to autophagy induction and the role of autophagy in attenuating HNSCC cell death were determined. RESULTS Carfilzomib and ONX 0912 potently induced apoptosis in HNSCC cell lines via upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bik. Upregulation of Mcl-1 by these agents served to dampen their efficacies. Carfilzomib and ONX 0912 also induced autophagy, mediated, in part, by activation of the UPR pathway involving upregulation of ATF4 transcription factor. Autophagy induction served a prosurvival role. Oral administration of ONX 0912 inhibited the growth of HNSCC xenograft tumors in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS These results show that carfilzomib and ONX 0912 are potently active against HNSCC cells, and the activities of these agents can be enhanced via suppression of Mcl-1 or inhibition of autophagy. Oral ONX 0912 exhibits in vivo activity against HNSCC tumors and may represent a useful therapeutic agent for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Alsina M, Trudel S, Furman RR, Rosen PJ, O'Connor OA, Comenzo RL, Wong A, Kunkel LA, Molineaux CJ, Goy A. A phase I single-agent study of twice-weekly consecutive-day dosing of the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma or lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:4830-40. [PMID: 22761464 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Carfilzomib is a next-generation, selective, proteasome inhibitor with clinical activity in relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. The objectives of this phase I study were to establish the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profiles of escalating doses of carfilzomib in patients with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Carfilzomib (doses ranging from 1.2-27 mg/m(2)) was administered i.v. on 2 consecutive days for 3 weeks of a 4-week cycle. Single-agent dose escalation (n = 37) was followed by a dose-expansion phase (n = 11) that comprised 2 cohorts (carfilzomib or carfilzomib + dexamethasone). During dose expansion, carfilzomib was administered starting with 20 mg/m(2) during the first week (days 1, 2) and then escalated to 27 mg/m(2) thereafter. RESULTS A maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was not reached during dose escalation. Dosing in the expansion cohort was well tolerated. Adverse events were manageable and primarily of grade I or II. The main hematologic adverse events of ≥ grade III were anemia and thrombocytopenia. Notably, there were no observations of grade III or more peripheral neuropathy. Carfilzomib was cleared rapidly with an elimination half-life of less than 30 minutes but still induced dose-dependent inhibition of the 20S chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity. At doses of 15 to 27 mg/m(2), there was evidence of activity among patients with multiple myeloma and with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS Escalated dosing of carfilzomib on a schedule of 2 consecutive days for 3 weeks of a 4-week cycle was tolerable and showed promising activity. This dose regimen has been selected for ongoing and future clinical studies, including PX-171-003A1 and the pivotal trial ASPIRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Alsina
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer and Research Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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