101
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c-Met in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Med Oncol 2016; 34:15. [PMID: 28035577 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
c-Met plays a role as a prognostic marker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. In addition, recently the tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib targeting c-Met was approved for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In contrast to clear cell RCC, little is known about c-Met expression patterns in rarer RCC subtypes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, distribution and prognostic impact of c-Met expression on chromophobe (ch)RCC. Patients who underwent renal surgery due to chRCC were retrospectively evaluated. Tumor specimens were analyzed for c-Met expression by immunohistochemistry. Expression data were associated with clinicopathological parameters including patient survival. Eighty-one chRCC patients were eligible for analysis. Twenty-four (29.6%) patients showed a high c-Met expression (c-Methigh, staining intensity higher than median). Our results showed an association between c-Methigh expression and the existence of lymph node metastasis (p = 0.007). No further significant clinicopathological associations with c-Met were identified, also regarding c-Met expression and overall survival. In conclusion, to our knowledge this is the first study evaluating the prognostic impact of c-Met in a considerably large cohort of chRCC. High c-Met expression is associated with the occurrence of lymph node metastasis. This indicates that c-Met might be implicated into metastatic progression in chRCC.
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102
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de Geus SWL, Boogerd LSF, Swijnenburg RJ, Mieog JSD, Tummers WSFJ, Prevoo HAJM, Sier CFM, Morreau H, Bonsing BA, van de Velde CJH, Vahrmeijer AL, Kuppen PJK. Selecting Tumor-Specific Molecular Targets in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Paving the Way for Image-Guided Pancreatic Surgery. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 18:807-819. [PMID: 27130234 PMCID: PMC5093212 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-0959-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify suitable molecular targets for tumor-specific imaging of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PROCEDURES The expression of eight potential imaging targets was assessed by the target selection criteria (TASC)-score and immunohistochemical analysis in normal pancreatic tissue (n = 9), pancreatic (n = 137), and periampullary (n = 28) adenocarcinoma. RESULTS Integrin αvβ6, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) showed a significantly higher (all p < 0.001) expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma compared to normal pancreatic tissue and were confirmed by the TASC score as promising imaging targets. Furthermore, these biomarkers were expressed in respectively 88 %, 71 %, 69 %, and 67 % of the pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that integrin αvβ6, CEA, EGFR, and uPAR are suitable targets for tumor-specific imaging of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna W L de Geus
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leonora S F Boogerd
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger-Jan Swijnenburg
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Sven D Mieog
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willemieke S F J Tummers
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrica A J M Prevoo
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis F M Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bert A Bonsing
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J H van de Velde
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander L Vahrmeijer
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J K Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Matsumoto Y, Sakurai H, Kogashiwa Y, Kimura T, Matsumoto Y, Shionome T, Asano M, Saito K, Kohno N. Inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition by cetuximab via the EGFR-GEP100-Arf6-AMAP1 pathway in head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2016; 39:476-485. [PMID: 27880014 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite improved survival by the addition of a monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cetuximab, to chemotherapy or radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), cetuximab by itself is not a potent antiproliferative agent against SCCHN. We aimed to elucidate working mechanism of cetuximab in SCCHN. METHODS The effect of cetuximab on the proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and signaling events downstream of the EGFR were investigated in 4 SCCHN cell lines. The in vivo efficacy of cetuximab was evaluated in a xenotransplant model. RESULTS Cetuximab inhibited migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and lymph node metastasis by suppressing EGFR-GEP100-Arf6-AMAP1 pathway, but it did not inhibit cancer cell proliferation. CONCLUSION The improved survival by the addition of cetuximab is likely to be attributable to the antiepithelial-mesenchymal transition action of cetuximab via inhibiting EGFR-GEP100-Arf6-AMAP1 pathway. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 476-485, 2017.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-Ribosylation Factor 6
- ADP-Ribosylation Factors/genetics
- ADP-Ribosylation Factors/metabolism
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cetuximab/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Female
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Matsumoto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakurai
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunao Kogashiwa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otolaryngology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toru Kimura
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuma Matsumoto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Shionome
- Department of Partial Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatake Asano
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Saito
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kohno
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Gaur S, Turkbey B, Choyke P. Hereditary Renal Tumor Syndromes: Update on Diagnosis and Management. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2016; 38:59-71. [PMID: 28237281 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary renal cancers account for approximately 5%-8% of all renal tumors. Over the past 2 decades, a number of syndromes have been identified that predispose patients to early renal cancer development, representing all the major histologic types of tumor pathology. In this article, we describe the current knowledge concerning the cell type, known mechanism of tumor development, other manifestations of the syndrome, imaging findings, genetic screening, and imaging surveillance recommendations for each of the major syndromes associated with hereditary renal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gaur
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Baris Turkbey
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peter Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
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105
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Mena E, Thippsandra S, Yanamadala A, Redy S, Pattanayak P, Subramaniam RM. Molecular Imaging and Precision Medicine in Head and Neck Cancer. PET Clin 2016; 12:7-25. [PMID: 27863568 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The concept of using tumor genomic profiling information has revolutionized personalized cancer treatment. Head and neck (HN) cancer management is being influenced by recent discoveries of activating mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor and related targeted therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, targeted therapies for Kristen Rat Sarcoma, and MET proto-oncogenes. Molecular imaging using PET plays an important role in assessing the biologic behavior of HN cancer with the goal of delivering individualized cancer treatment. This review summarizes recent genomic discoveries in HN cancer and their implications for functional PET imaging in assessing response to targeted therapies, and drug resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mena
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Shwetha Thippsandra
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Anusha Yanamadala
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Siddaling Redy
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Puskar Pattanayak
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Rathan M Subramaniam
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8896, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9096, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-8896, USA; Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-8896, USA.
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106
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Qian G, Wang D, Magliocca KR, Hu Z, Nannapaneni S, Kim S, Chen Z, Sun SY, Shin DM, Saba NF, Chen ZG. Human papillomavirus oncoprotein E6 upregulates c-Met through p53 downregulation. Eur J Cancer 2016; 65:21-32. [PMID: 27451021 PMCID: PMC5002257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) carries a distinct clinical behaviour. c-Met oncogene is an important driver for tumour progression and its relationship with HPV in OPSCC was explored in the present study. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Knockdown of HPV oncogene E6 or p53 alone and in combination was performed to examine their effects on c-Met expression by Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effects of c-Met inhibition on cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation were examined in HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. Retrospectively collected OPSCC patient specimens (N = 78) were stained for c-Met by immunohistochemistry and the staining levels were correlated with HPV status and patient outcomes. RESULTS E6 knockdown decreased c-Met protein and mRNA expression in HPV-positive HNSCC cells, which was partially abolished by the elimination of p53. Reducing c-Met decreased cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation in HPV-positive HNSCC cells. In OPSCC patient samples, high c-Met expression was associated with HPV-positive status (OR = 4.11, 95%CI: 1.16-14.55, P = 0.028) and tumour stage (OR = 0.27, 95%CI: 0.08-0.93, P = 0.039) by multivariable analysis. In T3/T4 stage patients, high c-Met expression was associated with HPV positivity and low p53 levels, supporting an axis of E6-p53-c-Met regulation. Furthermore, high c-Met expression was marginally associated with poor disease-free survival in HPV-positive patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that c-Met may serve as a novel target for treating HPV-associated OPSCC. The data also demonstrate that HPV E6 upregulates c-Met expression partially through p53 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Qian
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Zhongliang Hu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pathology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Sreenivas Nannapaneni
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Zhengjia Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shi-Yong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Zhuo G Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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107
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Skrzypek K, Kusienicka A, Szewczyk B, Adamus T, Lukasiewicz E, Miekus K, Majka M. Constitutive activation of MET signaling impairs myogenic differentiation of rhabdomyosarcoma and promotes its development and progression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31378-98. [PMID: 26384300 PMCID: PMC4741613 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a soft tissue sarcoma, which may originate from impaired differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Expression of MET receptor is elevated in alveolar RMS subtype (ARMS) which is associated with worse prognosis, compared to embryonal RMS (ERMS). Forced differentiation of ARMS cells diminishes MET level and, as shown previously, MET silencing induces differentiation of ARMS. In ERMS cells introduction of TPR-MET oncogene leads to an uncontrolled overstimulation of the MET receptor downstream signaling pathways. In vivo, tumors formed by those cells in NOD-SCID mice display inhibited differentiation, enhanced proliferation, diminished apoptosis and increased infiltration of neutrophils. Consequently, tumors grow significantly faster and they display enhanced ability to metastasize to lungs and to vascularize due to elevated VEGF, MMP9 and miR-378 expression. In vitro, TPR-MET ERMS cells display enhanced migration, chemotaxis and invasion toward HGF and SDF-1. Introduction of TPR-MET into MSC increases survival and may induce expression of early myogenic factors depending on the genetic background, and it blocks terminal differentiation of skeletal myoblasts. To conclude, our results suggest that activation of MET signaling may cause defects in myogenic differentiation leading to rhabdomyosarcoma development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Skrzypek
- Department of Transplantation, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kusienicka
- Department of Transplantation, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Szewczyk
- Department of Transplantation, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Adamus
- Department of Transplantation, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Lukasiewicz
- Department of Transplantation, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Miekus
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Majka
- Department of Transplantation, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
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108
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Curcumin inhibited HGF-induced EMT and angiogenesis through regulating c-Met dependent PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways in lung cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2016; 3:16018. [PMID: 27525306 PMCID: PMC4972091 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2016.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis have emerged as two pivotal events in cancer progression. Curcumin has been extensively studied in preclinical models and clinical trials of cancer prevention due to its favorable toxicity profile. However, the possible involvement of curcumin in the EMT and angiogenesis in lung cancer remains unclear. This study found that curcumin inhibited hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced migration and EMT-related morphological changes in A549 and PC-9 cells. Moreover, pretreatment with curcumin blocked HGF-induced c-Met phosphorylation and downstream activation of Akt, mTOR, and S6. These effects mimicked that of c-Met inhibitor SU11274 or PI3 kinase inhibitor LY294002 or mTOR inhibitor rapamycin treatment. c-Met gene overexpression analysis further demonstrated that curcumin suppressed lung cancer cell EMT by inhibiting c-Met/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), we found that curcumin also significantly inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and induced apoptosis and reduced migration and tube formation of HGF-treated HUVEC. Finally, in the experimental mouse model, we showed that curcumin inhibited HGF-stimulated tumor growth and induced an increase in E-cadherin expression and a decrease in vimentin, CD34, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Collectively, these findings indicated that curcumin could inhibit HGF-promoted EMT and angiogenesis by targeting c-Met and blocking PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways.
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109
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Shali H, Ahmadi M, Kafil HS, Dorosti A, Yousefi M. IGF1R and c-met as therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:528-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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110
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Zhao J, Fang L, Zhang X, Liang Y, Gou S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine derivatives as potential c-Met inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3483-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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111
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Kahen E, Yu D, Harrison DJ, Clark J, Hingorani P, Cubitt CL, Reed DR. Identification of clinically achievable combination therapies in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 78:313-23. [PMID: 27324022 PMCID: PMC4965487 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Systemic therapy has improved rhabdomyosarcoma event-free and overall survival; however, approximately 40 % of patients will have progressive or recurrent disease which is difficult to cure and remains a considerable challenge. Minimal progress has been made in improving outcomes for metastatic or relapsed RMS due to a lack of effective therapeutic agents. Targeted therapies are likely to be incorporated into regimens which rely on conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. A system to evaluate novel combinations of interest is needed. Methods In this study, we explored 8 agents, 5 that are routinely used or similar to agents used in the clinical management of RMS and 3 biologically targeted agents with novel mechanisms of action, the Wee1 inhibitor AZD1775, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib, and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. All were tested individually at clinically achievable concentrations for activity in 4 RMS cell lines and then for potential synergy in two-drug combinations. Results We found single-agent activity in five of the agents (or their active metabolites) that constitute the standard of care in RMS and for AZD1775 with mean IC50 values of 207 ng/ml, well below clinically achievable levels. In addition, the combination of individual cytotoxic chemotherapeutics currently used for RMS demonstrated largely synergistic activity with higher, but clinically achievable concentrations of AZD1775 in our assays. Conclusions Prioritization of chemotherapeutics in RMS is possible using an in vitro system that can define novel drug combinations worthy of future investigation. AZD1775 exhibits single-agent activity, as well as synergy with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, and is a novel targeted agent that warrants further study in RMS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00280-016-3077-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Kahen
- Sunshine Project Translational Research Lab, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Diana Yu
- Sunshine Project Translational Research Lab, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Justine Clark
- Sunshine Project Translational Research Lab, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Pooja Hingorani
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Christopher L Cubitt
- Sunshine Project Translational Research Lab, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Damon R Reed
- Sunshine Project Translational Research Lab, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA. .,Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA. .,Sarcoma Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA. .,Adolescent and Young Adult Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, 33612, Tampa, FL, USA.
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112
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Lu D, Shen A, Liu Y, Peng X, Xing W, Ai J, Geng M, Hu Y. Design and synthesis of novel benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one derivatives bearing 7-substituted-4-enthoxyquinoline moieties as c-Met kinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 115:191-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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113
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Yan J, Zhao X, Liu B, Yuan Y, Guan Y. An intramolecular G-quadruplex structure formed in the human MET promoter region and its biological relevance. Mol Carcinog 2016; 55:897-909. [PMID: 25945949 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that promoter regions of many proto-oncogenes can fold into G-quadruplexes, which are potentially involved in the regulation of genes. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that there was a G-rich sequence within -48 to -26 region of the human MET promoter (named Pu23WT). In this study, we proved that Pu23WT adopted an intramolecular parallel G-quadruplex structure under physiological conditions in vitro, and the cationic porphyrin TMPyP4 enhanced the stability of the Pu23WT G-quadruplex. To better understand the functions of Pu23WT in the MET expression, we performed a series of analysis on several cancer cells. Experimental data revealed that TMPyP4 treatment attenuated the expression of MET in HepG2, BGC823, and U87MG cells, resulting in the cellular proliferation inhibition, G1 phase cell cycle arrest and cell migration retardation. ChIP assay results indicated that TMPyP4 probably prohibited the Pu23WT G-quadruplex from binding to the activator Sp1, which could be one of the mechanisms that led to the transcription inhibition of MET gene. It is the first study on the G-quadruplex structure in the human MET promoter and its functions in cancer cells. We believe that this structure is a potential target for anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yifu Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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114
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Identification of tumorigenic cells and therapeutic targets in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:4464-9. [PMID: 27035983 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1600007113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are a type of pancreatic cancer with limited therapeutic options. Consequently, most patients with advanced disease die from tumor progression. Current evidence indicates that a subset of cancer cells is responsible for tumor development, metastasis, and recurrence, and targeting these tumor-initiating cells is necessary to eradicate tumors. However, tumor-initiating cells and the biological processes that promote pathogenesis remain largely uncharacterized in PanNETs. Here we profile primary and metastatic tumors from an index patient and demonstrate that MET proto-oncogene activation is important for tumor growth in PanNET xenograft models. We identify a highly tumorigenic cell population within several independent surgically acquired PanNETs characterized by increased cell-surface protein CD90 expression and aldehyde dehydrogenase A1 (ALDHA1) activity, and provide in vitro and in vivo evidence for their stem-like properties. We performed proteomic profiling of 332 antigens in two cell lines and four primary tumors, and showed that CD47, a cell-surface protein that acts as a "don't eat me" signal co-opted by cancers to evade innate immune surveillance, is ubiquitously expressed. Moreover, CD47 coexpresses with MET and is enriched in CD90(hi)cells. Furthermore, blocking CD47 signaling promotes engulfment of tumor cells by macrophages in vitro and inhibits xenograft tumor growth, prevents metastases, and prolongs survival in vivo.
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115
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Frisch RN, Curtis KM, Aenlle KK, Howard GA. Hepatocyte growth factor and alternative splice variants - expression, regulation and implications in osteogenesis and bone health and repair. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:1087-98. [PMID: 26941128 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1162293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into multiple cell types, including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. These pluripotent cells secrete hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which regulates cell growth, survival, motility, migration, mitogenesis and is important for tissue development/regeneration. HGF has four splice variants, NK1, NK2, NK3, and NK4 which have varying functions and affinities for the HGF receptor, cMET. HGF promotes osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs into bone forming cells, playing a role in bone development, health and repair. AREAS COVERED This review will focus on the effects of HGF in osteogenesis, bone repair and bone health, including structural and functional insights into the role of HGF in the body. EXPERT OPINION Approximately 6.2 million Americans experience a fracture annually, with 5-10% being mal- or non-union fractures. HGF is important in priming MSCs for osteogenic differentiation in vitro and is currently being studied to assess its role during bone repair in vivo. Due to the high turnover rate of systemic HGF, non-classic modes of HGF-treatment, including naked-plasmid HGF delivery and the use of HGF splice variants (NK1 & NK2) are being studied to find safe and efficacious treatments for bone disorders, such as mal- or non-union fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N Frisch
- a Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and Research Service , Bruce W. Carter Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Kevin M Curtis
- a Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and Research Service , Bruce W. Carter Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Miami , FL , USA.,b Biochemistry & Molecular Biology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Kristina K Aenlle
- a Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and Research Service , Bruce W. Carter Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Guy A Howard
- a Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and Research Service , Bruce W. Carter Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Miami , FL , USA.,b Biochemistry & Molecular Biology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA.,c Medicine , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
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Li MY, Yang P, Liu YW, Zhang CB, Wang KY, Wang YY, Yao K, Zhang W, Qiu XG, Li WB, Peng XX, Wang YZ, Jiang T. Low c-Met expression levels are prognostic for and predict the benefits of temozolomide chemotherapy in malignant gliomas. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21141. [PMID: 26879272 PMCID: PMC4754763 DOI: 10.1038/srep21141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant c-Met has been implicated in the development of many cancers. The objective of this study was to identify an unfavorable prognostic marker that might guide decisions regarding clinical treatment strategies for high-grade gliomas. C-Met expression was measured using immunohistochemistry in 783 gliomas, and we further analyzed c-Met mRNA levels using the Agilent Whole Genome mRNA Microarray in 286 frozen samples. In vitro, we performed cell migration and invasion assays. Cell sensitivity to temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy was determined using MTT assays. Both mRNA and protein levels of c-Met were significantly associated with tumor grade progression and inversely correlated with overall and progression-free survival in high-grade gliomas (all P < 0.0001). These findings were nearly consistent at the mRNA level across 3 independent cohorts. Multivariable analysis indicated that c-Met was an independent prognostic marker after adjusting for age, preoperative Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score, the extent of resection, radiotherapy, TMZ chemotherapy, and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status. Further analysis in vitro revealed that downregulating the expression of c-Met dramatically inhibited cell migration and invasion capacities, enhanced sensitivity to TMZ chemotherapy in H4 and U87 glioma cells. Our results suggest that c-Met may serve as a potential predictive maker for clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yan-Wei Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chuan-Bao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Kuan-Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liao Ning Province, 116000, China
| | - Yin-Yan Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Kun Yao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Qiu
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Capital Medical University
| | - Yong-Zhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100050, China
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Isaacsson Velho PH, Castro G, Chung CH. Novel Targeted Agents in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2015; 29:993-1009. [PMID: 26568544 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Based on currently available genomic data, most head and neck squamous cell carcinoma have few targetable aberrations and immediate clinical translation is challenging. However, potential therapeutic agents listed in this article need to be thoroughly evaluated because there are compelling scientific rationales supporting their development. Concerted effort is required to identify better predictive biomarkers of clinical benefit and improve the therapeutic index. Clinicians need to better understand resistance mechanisms, generate novel hypotheses for appropriate combination regimens and dosing schedules, develop more accurate model systems, and conduct innovative clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Isaacsson Velho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Castro
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christine H Chung
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street CRB-2 Room 546, Baltimore, MD 21287-0014, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street CRB-2 Room 546, Baltimore, MD 21287-0014, USA.
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118
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Chen SP, Liu BX, Xu J, Pei XF, Liao YJ, Yuan F, Zheng F. MiR-449a suppresses the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by multiple targets. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:706. [PMID: 26471185 PMCID: PMC4608176 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1738-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence indicates that Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) can be regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). MiR-449a is a liver abundant miRNA. However, the role of miR-449a in the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown. Methods The expression levels of miR-449a were first examined in HCC cell lines and tumour tissues by real-time PCR. The in vitro and in vivo functional effect and underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-449a were examined further. Results In the present study, we found that miR-449a was significantly decreased in HCC cells and tissues, especially in those with the portal vein tumor thrombus. In HCC cell lines, stable overexpression of miR-449a was sufficient to inhibit cell motility in vitro, and pulmonary metastasis in vivo. In addition, ectopic overexpression of miR-449a in HCC cells promoted the expression of epithelial markers and reduced the levels of mesenchymal markers. Further studies revealed that the reintroduction of miR-449a attenuated the downstream signaling of Met, and consequently reduced the accumulation of Snail in cell nucleus by targeting the 3’-untranslated regions (3’-UTR) of FOS and Met. Conclusions Our data highlight an important role of miR-449a in the molecular etiology of HCC, and implicate the potential application of miR-449a in cancer therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1738-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Peng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107, Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bao-Xin Liu
- Department of orthopedics, Guangzhou hospital of traditional Chinese medicine, No. 16, Zhuji Road, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, No.107, Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Pei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 57, Meihua East Road, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Yi-Ji Liao
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Feng Yuan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Provincial Cancer Hospital, No. 116, Zhuodaoquan South Road, Wuhan, China.
| | - Fang Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107, Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Abstract
Apoptosis is a cellular suicide program, which is on the one hand used to remove superfluous cells thereby promoting tissue or organ morphogenesis. On the other hand, the programmed killing of cells is also critical when potentially harmful cells emerge in a developing or adult organism thereby endangering survival. Due to its critical role apoptosis is tightly controlled, however so far, its regulation on the transcriptional level is less studied and understood. Hox genes, a highly conserved gene family encoding homeodomain transcription factors, have crucial roles in development. One of their prominent functions is to shape animal body plans by eliciting different developmental programs along the anterior-posterior axis. To this end, Hox proteins transcriptionally regulate numerous processes in a coordinated manner, including cell-type specification, differentiation, motility, proliferation as well as apoptosis. In this review, we will focus on how Hox proteins control organismal morphology and function by regulating the apoptotic machinery. We will first focus on well-established paradigms of Hox-apoptosis interactions and summarize how Hox transcription factors control morphological outputs and differentially shape tissues along the anterior-posterior axis by fine-tuning apoptosis in a healthy organism. We will then discuss the consequences when this interaction is disturbed and will conclude with some ideas and concepts emerging from these studies.
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120
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Regad T. Targeting RTK Signaling Pathways in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:1758-84. [PMID: 26404379 PMCID: PMC4586793 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7030860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAS/MAP kinase and the RAS/PI3K/AKT pathways play a key role in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation and survival. The induction of these pathways depends on Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) that are activated upon ligand binding. In cancer, constitutive and aberrant activations of components of those pathways result in increased proliferation, survival and metastasis. For instance, mutations affecting RTKs, Ras, B-Raf, PI3K and AKT are common in perpetuating the malignancy of several types of cancers and from different tissue origins. Therefore, these signaling pathways became prime targets for cancer therapy. This review aims to provide an overview about the most frequently encountered mutations, the pathogenesis that results from such mutations and the known therapeutic strategies developed to counteract their aberrant functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Regad
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK.
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121
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Zhu C, Xu J, Li M, Zhao G, Cao H. Heterogeneity of c-Met expression in Chinese gastric cancer patients. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:1901-7. [PMID: 26472163 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
c-Met is an attractive target for gastric cancer (GC) therapy, and detection of c-Met expression is critical for diagnosis. The aims of this study were to quantify the heterogeneous expression of c-Met in GC and to explore its impact on diagnosis. The expression of c-Met in 199 tumor fragments derived from 47 GC patients was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. In parallel, copy numbers of MET were determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Expression of c-Met was observed in 22 patients, and 18 (81.8%) of 22 were heterogeneous; but the incidence rate of heterogeneity was not significantly different among patient subgroups with various degrees of c-Met expression. MET copies were increased in 4 patients. Two represented polysomy, and 2 were caused by amplification. Expression of c-Met in MET-amplified tumors was homogeneous. In conclusion, heterogeneity of c-Met expression was widely observed in GC but was not associated with the extent of expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchao Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China
| | - Maoran Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China.
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China.
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122
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Jagoda EM, Bhattacharyya S, Kalen J, Riffle L, Leeder A, Histed S, Williams M, Wong KJ, Xu B, Szajek LP, Elbuluk O, Cecchi F, Raffensperger K, Golla M, Bottaro DP, Choyke P. Imaging the Met Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (Met) and Assessing Tumor Responses to a Met Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in Human Xenograft Mouse Models with a [
99m
Tc] (AH-113018) or CY 5** (AH-112543) Labeled Peptide. Mol Imaging 2015. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2015.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M. Jagoda
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Sibaprasad Bhattacharyya
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Joseph Kalen
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Lisa Riffle
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Avrum Leeder
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Stephanie Histed
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Mark Williams
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Karen J. Wong
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Biying Xu
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Lawrence P. Szajek
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Osama Elbuluk
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Fabiola Cecchi
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Kristen Raffensperger
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Meghana Golla
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Donald P. Bottaro
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Peter Choyke
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
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Arf6 regulates tumour angiogenesis and growth through HGF-induced endothelial β1 integrin recycling. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7925. [PMID: 26239146 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic drugs targeting vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor have provided modest clinical benefit, in part, owing to the actions of additional angiogenic factors that stimulate tumour neoangiogenesis in parallel. To overcome this redundancy, approaches targeting these other signalling pathways are required. Here we show, using endothelial cell-targeted mice, that the small GTPase Arf6 is required for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced tumour neoangiogenesis and growth. Arf6 deletion from endothelial cells abolishes HGF-stimulated β1 integrin recycling. Pharmacological inhibition of the Arf6 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Grp1 efficiently suppresses tumour vascularization and growth. Grp1 as well as other Arf6 GEFs, such as GEP100, EFA6B and EFA6D, regulates HGF-stimulated β1 integrin recycling. These findings provide insight into the mechanism of HGF-induced tumour angiogenesis and offer the possibility that targeting the HGF-activated Arf6 signalling pathway may synergize with existing anti-angiogenic drugs to improve clinical outcomes.
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Bill KLJ, Garnett J, Ma X, May C, Bolshakov S, Lazar AJ, Lev D, Pollock RE. The hepatocyte growth factor receptor as a potential therapeutic target for dedifferentiated liposarcoma. J Transl Med 2015; 95:951-61. [PMID: 26006023 PMCID: PMC4520775 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiated liposarcomas (DDLPS) are highly resistant to conventional chemo- and radiotherapies, with surgical resection remaining the classic treatment strategy; therefore, there is a pressing need for novel anti-DDLPS-targeted chemotherapeutics. Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (Met) expression is elevated in DDLPS, but the functional role of Met signaling in this disease is not known. We found that the in vitro stimulation of DDLPS cells with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) elevated the degree of PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathway signaling, and that pro-tumorigenic phenotypes such as cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were significantly enhanced. Conversely, Met knockdown using shRNA-mediated interference decreased HGF-induced Met signaling, the invasive and migratory nature of DDLPS cells in vitro, and the tumorigenicity of DDLPS cells in vivo. These data strongly support the role for Met as a DDLPS therapeutic target. To that end, using EMD1214063, an ATP-competitive kinase inhibitor that targets Met more specifically than other kinases, inhibited Met-dependent signaling, reduced the oncogenicity of DDLPS cells in vitro, and significantly increased the survival of nude mice bearing subcutaneous DDLPS xenografts. These findings support further investigations of HGF-induced Met signaling inhibition in DDLPS, as a potential strategy to enhance clinical outcomes for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lynn J. Bill
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- The Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jeannine Garnett
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
- The Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
- The Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caitlin May
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- The Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Svetlana Bolshakov
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
- The Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander J. Lazar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
- The Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dina Lev
- Department of Surgery, The Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raphael E. Pollock
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
- The Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, OH, USA
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125
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Seo AN, Park KU, Choe G, Kim WH, Kim DW, Kang SB, Lee HS. Clinical and prognostic value of MET gene copy number gain and chromosome 7 polysomy in primary colorectal cancer patients. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9813-21. [PMID: 26159851 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the clinical and prognostic influence of numeric alterations of MET gene copy number (GCN) and chromosome 7 (CEP7) CN in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. MET GCN and CEP7 CN were investigated in tissue arrayed tumors from 170 CRC patients using silver in situ hybridization (SISH). MET GCN gain was defined as ≥4 copies of MET, and CEP7 polysomy was prespecified as ≥3 copies of CEP7. Additionally, MET messenger RNA (mRNA) transcription was evaluated using mRNA ISH and compared with MET GCN. MET GCN gain was observed in 14.7 % (25/170), which correlated with advanced stage (P = 0.037), presence of distant metastasis (P = 0.006), and short overall survival (OS) (P = 0.009). In contrast, CEP7 polysomy was found in 6.5 % (11/170), which was related to tumor location in the left colon (P = 0.027) and poor OS (P = 0.029). MET GCN positively correlated with CEP7 CN (R = 0.659, P < 0.001) and mRNA transcription (R = 0.239, P = 0.002). Of note, MET GCN gain and CEP7 polysomy were also associated with poor OS (P = 0.016 and P < 0.001, respectively) in stage II/III CRC patients (n = 123). In multivariate analysis, CEP7 polysomy was an independent prognostic factor for poor OS in all patients (P = 0.009; hazard ratio [HR], 2.220; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.233-3.997) and in stage II/III CRC patients (P < 0.001; HR, 20.781; 95 % CI, 4.600-93.882). MET GCN gain and CEP7 polysomy could predict a poor outcome in CRC patients, especially CEP7 polysomy has the most powerful prognostic impact in stage II/III CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Na Seo
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Un Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Gheeyoung Choe
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck-Woo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Kang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea.
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126
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Wu Z, Wang H, Fang S, Xu C. MiR-449c inhibits gastric carcinoma growth. Life Sci 2015; 137:14-9. [PMID: 26141986 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Gastric carcinoma (GC) is among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in China. Growing evidence indicates that dysregulation of miRNAs contributes to GC development. Although it has been shown that miR-449c acts as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer, the role of miR-449c in GC remains unclear. MAIN METHODS Here, we analyzed miR-449c levels in GC tissues and cell lines by RT-qPCR. We also overexpressed and inhibited miR-449c by transfecting miRNA mimics and antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), respectively. Cell growth was analyzed by MTT assay, and cell apoptosis was evaluated by FACS analysis. MiR-449c target genes were predicted using bioinformatics algorithms and confirmed by a dual luciferase reporter assay. KEY FINDINGS We detected lower miR-449c levels in GC tissues; the low miR-449c levels correlated with low survival rate. Overexpression of miR-449c inhibited cell growth and promoted apoptosis, while depletion of miR-449c increased cell growth and suppressed apoptosis. Moreover, the 3' UTR of MET, an oncogene that activates tumor cell growth, appeared to be targeted by miR-449c. SIGNIFICANCE Together, we showed that the reduced miR-449c levels in GC tissues promote GC growth, which possibly contributes to the low survival rate of GC patients. Mechanistically, miR-449c may target MET to suppress GC cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Wu
- Department of Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital of China Medical University, 1 Huayu Road, Shaoxing 312030, China.
| | - Huangen Wang
- Department of Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital of China Medical University, 1 Huayu Road, Shaoxing 312030, China
| | - Sunyang Fang
- Department of Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital of China Medical University, 1 Huayu Road, Shaoxing 312030, China
| | - Chaoyang Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, 568 Zhongxingbei Road, Shaoxing 312000, China
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Rota Caremoli E, Labianca R. Tivantinib: critical review with a focus on hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 23:1563-74. [PMID: 25307444 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.949339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sorafenib is the only approved agent for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor that blocks several receptors involved in tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis. The hepatocyte-growth factor/mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) factor pathway represents another emerging target in HCC. Tivantinib (ARQ 197) is an oral, selective small MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antitumor activity, especially in MET-high patients. Recent clinical data exhibit promising activity in HCC. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the preclinical and clinical data of tivantinib (published and ongoing trials), focusing on development in advanced HCC. Comments regarding the failure of trials with nonspecific drugs reported in the past 2 years are also included. EXPERT OPINION A randomized Phase II trial in second-line HCC showed a significant improvement in time to progression with tivantinib treatment in MET-high patients. Tivantinib remains in clinical development and has not yet been approved for any indication. A Phase III study in MET-high HCC is ongoing in a second-line setting, after sorafenib failure. In case of a survival benefit, tivantinib might become the first treatment for selected patients, based on MET status as a predictor. Therefore, there is a need for identifying HCC molecular subclasses and for developing a trial design based on molecular biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rota Caremoli
- Cancer Center Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII - Unit of Medical Oncology , Piazza OMS 1, 24127 Bergamo , Italy +39 035 267 3694, +39 035 267 3691 ; +39 035 267 4985 ;
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128
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Schiefer AI, Mesteri I, Berghoff AS, Haitel A, Schmidinger M, Preusser M, Birner P. Evaluation of tyrosine kinase receptors in brain metastases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma reveals cMet as a negative prognostic factor. Histopathology 2015; 67:799-805. [PMID: 25847631 DOI: 10.1111/his.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Brain metastases (BMs) of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are associated with a dismal prognosis, with limited treatment options. Tyrosine kinases are relevant 'druggable' biomarkers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tyrosine kinase receptors anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRA) and cMet in a large series of ccRCC BMs. METHODS AND RESULTS ALK, EGFR, PDGFRA and cMet protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in 53 ccRCCs BMs and 12 matched primary tumours. ALK and MET gene status and copy number alterations of chromosome 7 were studied with fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). Data on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and Ki67 and microvessel density were available from previous studies. ALK was negative in all analysed specimens. EGFR was overexpressed in 41 of 51 (80.4%) BMs and in seven of eight primary tumours, PDGFRA was overexpressed in all BMs except one and in all primary tumours, and cMet was expressed in 26 of 50 (52%) BMs and in two of seven primary tumours, and did not correlate with MET amplification or polysomy 7. cMet was the only parameter associated with significantly shorter BM-specific survival (median 8 months versus 33 months, P = 0.005, Cox regression). CONCLUSIONS EGFR, PDGFRA and cMet are commonly overexpressed in ccRCC BMs. cMet overexpression correlates with significantly shorter BM-specific survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Iris Schiefer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Anna S Berghoff
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Oncology & Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Haitel
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Schmidinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Oncology & Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Oncology & Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Birner
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Zenali M, deKay J, Liu Z, Hamilton S, Zuo Z, Lu X, Bakkar R, Mills G, Broaddus R. Retrospective Review of MET Gene Mutations. Oncoscience 2015; 2:533-41. [PMID: 26097886 PMCID: PMC4468339 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
C-MET proto-oncogene is a tyrosine kinase situated on chromosome 7. C-MET and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) play a role in proliferation, differentiation and organ development. C-MET genetic aberrations are found associated with driving tumorigenesis. In this retrospective study, we reviewed molecular analysis data gathered from a cancer institute during a two-year period (2010-2012). Upon detection of tumors harboring c-MET mutations, we determined the status of the other mutations tested and evaluated c-MET expression by fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH). Our search resulted in identification of 134 c-MET mutations, 44% of which had mutations of at least one of the other genes tested. No c-MET expression aberrancy was detected in this subset by FISH. Survival amongst the patients with surgically resected metastatic colorectal cancers (CRC) was slightly better in those with only a c-MET mutation compared to those with no mutation detected, although the difference was not statistically significant. When c-MET inhibition becomes an integrated part of chemotherapy practice, our observed frequency of co-mutations will be an argument for utilizing c-MET targeted treatment in combination with other targeted drugs and therapeutic strategies. Larger studies can aid to further parse out c-MET prognostic and therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zenali
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - James deKay
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Zesheng Liu
- Institute of Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stanley Hamilton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhuang Zuo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xinyan Lu
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rania Bakkar
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Gordon Mills
- Institute of Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Russell Broaddus
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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130
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Bell D, Ferrarotto R, Fox MD, Roberts D, Hanna EY, Weber RS, El-Naggar AK. Analysis and significance of c-MET expression in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:834-8. [PMID: 25923130 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), a rare salivary gland malignancy, is a histogenetic, morphologic, and clinical heterogeneous disease. Extensive efforts have been made to characterize molecular events associated with these tumors, including the identification of prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Increased copy number gain and amplification of c-Met, the cell surface receptor for hepatocyte growth factor, has been shown to enhance tumor growth and invasiveness and promote metastasis in certain tumor types. In this study, we evaluated the expression of c-Met by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a large cohort of salivary gland ACCs and examined its clinicopathologic implications. Archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks from 200 ACC patients were used in this study. Pathologic patterns and phenotypic expression of c-Met were recorded and compared with clinical factors including gender, age, disease stage at diagnosis, and clinical outcomes. Correlations between c-MET expression and clinical characteristics were assessed by Pearson's chi-square test or by the 2-tailed Fisher exact test. Curves describing overall survival were generated by Kaplan-Meier product limit method. Strong c-MET expression was seen in inner ductal and outer myoepithelial cells in 53.2% of the cases. There was no correlation between c-Met overexpression and clinicopathologic parameters or patient's overall survival ( p = .94074). In conclusion, c-MET expression is high in a significant subgroup of ACC patients. While c-MET expression is not a prognostic factor in ACC, its role as a predictive marker of benefit from MET inhibitors deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bell
- a Department of Pathology ; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston , TX USA
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131
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Sechler M, Borowicz S, Van Scoyk M, Avasarala S, Zerayesus S, Edwards MG, Kumar Karuppusamy Rathinam M, Zhao X, Wu PY, Tang K, Bikkavilli RK, Winn RA. Novel Role for γ-Catenin in the Regulation of Cancer Cell Migration via the Induction of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Activator Inhibitor Type 1 (HAI-1). J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15610-15620. [PMID: 25925948 PMCID: PMC4505473 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.631820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-catenin (Plakoglobin), a well-described structural protein functioning at the adherens junctions and desmosomes, was shown to be either lost or weakly expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and tumor tissues. However, the tumor suppressive affects of γ-catenin were not fully understood. In this study, we have identified a novel role for the affects of γ-catenin on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell migration. Expression of γ-catenin in NSCLC cells resulted in reduced cell migration as determined by both scratch assays and trans-well cell migration assays. Moreover, the affects of γ-catenin on cell migration were observed to be p53-dependent. Mechanistically, the anti-migratory effects seen via γ-catenin were driven by the expression of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor Type I (HAI-1 or SPINT-1), an upstream inhibitor of the c-MET signaling pathway. Furthermore, the re-expression of γ-catenin sensitized NSCLC cells to c-MET inhibitor-mediated growth inhibition. Taken together, we identify γ-catenin as a novel regulator of HAI-1, which is a critical regulator of HGF/c-MET signaling. Therefore, targeting γ-catenin-mediated HAI-1 expression might be a useful strategy to sensitize NSCLC to c-MET inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marybeth Sechler
- Cancer Biology Program, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Stanley Borowicz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Michelle Van Scoyk
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Sreedevi Avasarala
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Sereke Zerayesus
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Michael G Edwards
- School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Manoj Kumar Karuppusamy Rathinam
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Xiangmin Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Pei-Ying Wu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Ke Tang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Rama Kamesh Bikkavilli
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Robert A Winn
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612.
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132
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Luo H, Hong H, Slater MR, Graves SA, Shi S, Yang Y, Nickles RJ, Fan F, Cai W. PET of c-Met in Cancer with ⁶⁴Cu-Labeled Hepatocyte Growth Factor. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:758-63. [PMID: 25840981 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.154690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor, c-Met, are actively involved in tumor progression and metastasis and are closely associated with a poor prognostic outcome for cancer patients. Thus, the development of PET agents that can assess c-Met expression would be extremely useful for diagnosing cancer and subsequently monitoring response to c-Met-targeted therapies. Here, we report the characterization of recombinant human HGF (rh-HGF) as a PET tracer for detection of c-Met expression in vivo. METHODS rh-HGF was expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography. The concentrated rh-HGF was conjugated to 2-S-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid and labeled with (64)Cu. c-Met binding evaluation by flow cytometry was performed on both U87MG and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, which have a high level and a low level, respectively, of c-Met. PET imaging and biodistribution studies were performed on nude mice bearing U87MG and MDA-MB-231 xenografted tumors. RESULTS The rh-HGF expression yield was 150-200 μg of protein per 5 × 10(6) cells after a 48-h transfection, with purity of approximately 85%-90%. Flow cytometry examination confirmed that rh-HGF had a strong and specific capacity to bind to c-Met. After (64)Cu labeling, PET imaging revealed specific and prominent uptake of (64)Cu-NOTA-rh-HGF in c-Met-positive U87MG tumors (percentage injected dose per gram, 6.8 ± 1.8 at 9 h after injection) and significantly lower uptake in c-Met-negative MDA-MB-231 tumors (percentage injected dose per gram, 1.8 ± 0.6 at 9 h after injection). The fact that sonication-denatured rh-HGF had significantly lower uptake in U87MG tumors, along with histology analysis, confirmed the c-Met specificity of (64)Cu-NOTA-rh-HGF. CONCLUSION This study provided initial evidence that (64)Cu-NOTA-rh-HGF visualizes c-Met expression in vivo, an application that may prove useful for c-Met-targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Luo
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Stephen A Graves
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sixiang Shi
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Yunan Yang
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Robert J Nickles
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | | | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
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Rad E, Dodd K, Thomas L, Upadhyaya M, Tee A. STAT3 and HIF1α Signaling Drives Oncogenic Cellular Phenotypes in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1149-60. [PMID: 25833823 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Therapeutic options are limited for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)-associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) and clinical trials using drug agents have so far been unsuccessful. This lack of clinical success is likely attributed to high levels of intratumoral molecular heterogeneity and variations in signal transduction within MPNSTs. To better explore the variance of malignant signaling properties within heterogeneous MPNSTs, four MPNST cell lines (ST8814, S462, S1844.1, and S1507.2) were used. The data demonstrate that small-molecule inhibition of the MET proto-oncogene and mTOR had variable outcome when preventing wound healing, cell migration, and invasion, with the S462 cells being highly resistant to both. Of interest, targeted inhibition of the STAT3 transcription factor suppressed wound healing, cell migration, invasion, and tumor formation in all four MPNST lines, which demonstrates that unlike MET and mTOR, STAT3 functions as a common driver of tumorigenesis in NF1-MPNSTs. Of clinical importance, STAT3 knockdown was sufficient to block the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α, HIF2α, and VEGF-A in all four MPNST lines. Finally, the data demonstrate that wound healing, cell migration, invasion, and tumor formation through STAT3 are highly dependent on HIF signaling, where knockdown of HIF1α ablated these oncogenic facets of STAT3. IMPLICATIONS This research reveals that aberrant STAT3 and HIF1a activity drives tumor progression in MPNSTs, indicating that inhibition of the STAT3/HIF1α/VEGF-A signaling axis is a viable treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Rad
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Kayleigh Dodd
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Thomas
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Meena Upadhyaya
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Tee
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
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Bagai R, Ma PC. Combined treatment with MET inhibitors and other therapies in lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 1:214-8. [PMID: 25806183 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2012.09.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Bagai
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA ; ; Solid Tumor Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Patrick C Ma
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA ; ; Solid Tumor Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA ; ; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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135
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Kos P, Lächelt U, Herrmann A, Mickler FM, Döblinger M, He D, Krhač Levačić A, Morys S, Bräuchle C, Wagner E. Histidine-rich stabilized polyplexes for cMet-directed tumor-targeted gene transfer. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:5350-5362. [PMID: 25721131 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06556e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor/c-Met proto oncogene on the surface of a variety of tumor cells gives an opportunity to specifically target cancerous tissues. Herein, we report the first use of c-Met as receptor for non-viral tumor-targeted gene delivery. Sequence-defined oligomers comprising the c-Met binding peptide ligand cMBP2 for targeting, a monodisperse polyethylene glycol (PEG) for polyplex surface shielding, and various cationic (oligoethanamino) amide cores containing terminal cysteines for redox-sensitive polyplex stabilization, were assembled by solid-phase supported syntheses. The resulting oligomers exhibited a greatly enhanced cellular uptake and gene transfer over non-targeted control sequences, confirming the efficacy and target-specificity of the formed polyplexes. Implementation of endosomal escape-promoting histidines in the cationic core was required for gene expression without additional endosomolytic agent. The histidine-enriched polyplexes demonstrated stability in serum as well as receptor-specific gene transfer in vivo upon intratumoral injection. The co-formulation with an analogous PEG-free cationic oligomer led to a further compaction of pDNA polyplexes with an obvious change of shape as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy. Such compaction was critically required for efficient intravenous gene delivery which resulted in greatly enhanced, cMBP2 ligand-dependent gene expression in the distant tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kos
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for System-based Drug Research, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
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The challenge of blocking a wider family members of EGFR against head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:423-30. [PMID: 25753560 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represent 95% of head and neck cancer with an incidence of over half a million people globally. The prognosis for patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC is generally poor with low 5-year survival rates despite treatment advances over the past few decades. Consequently, it is essential to search for new biomarkers and effective therapy options to optimize HNSCC treatment. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in approximately 90% of tumours. EGFR has become one of most common targets for new therapies being investigated in HNSCC. In this way, multiple therapies targeting EGFR in HNSCC have been tested but response rates are still low especially in the recurrent or metastatic setting. This has been attributed to mechanisms of resistance to EGFR-targeted therapies. Afatinib, an oral small molecule ErbB Family Blocker that irreversibly binds to ErbB1 (EGFR), ErbB2 (HER2) and ErbB4 (HER4), is being investigated in HNSCC treatment with encouraging phase II results and several ongoing phase III trials. Results of these trials will help to understand the place of afatinib in the HNSCC treatment armamentarium.
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137
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Soluble c-Met is a reliable and sensitive marker to detect c-Met expression level in lung cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:626578. [PMID: 25834821 PMCID: PMC4365312 DOI: 10.1155/2015/626578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
c-Met has been demonstrated as an attractive target in lung cancer therapy. Current studies showed that detection of c-Met status in tumor is critical in Met-targeted therapy. However not all patients are suitable for tissue sample collection. It is important to discover novel surrogate markers to detect c-Met status. In the study, soluble c-Met (s-Met) in plasma from 146 Chinese lung cancer patients and 40 disease-free volunteers was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent. In parallel, expression of c-Met in those tumors was also assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results showed that, in 146 lung cancer patients, 93 were c-Met expression positive and 74 of 93 were overexpressed. In c-Met-overexpressed patients, plasma s-Met was significantly increased. And further studies showed that plasma s-Met linearly correlated with c-Met expression in tumor. After tumor was removed in Met-overexpressed patients via resection, plasma s-Met significantly decreased to basal level. In addition, plasma s-Met showed to be poorly correlated with tumor size in Met-overexpressed patients. These results demonstrated that plasma s-Met is a sensitive and reliable marker to detect c-Met overexpression in lung cancers, and it is independent of tumor volume.
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138
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Shu X, Purdue MP, Ye Y, Wood CG, Chen M, Wang Z, Albanes D, Pu X, Huang M, Stevens VL, Diver WR, Gapstur SM, Virtamo J, Chow WH, Tannir NM, Dinney CP, Rothman N, Chanock SJ, Wu X. Multilevel-analysis identify a cis-expression quantitative trait locus associated with risk of renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:4097-109. [PMID: 25784652 PMCID: PMC4414175 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted multilevel analyses to identify potential susceptibility loci for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which may be overlooked in traditional genome-wide association studies (GWAS). A gene set enrichment analysis was performed utilizing a GWAS dataset comprised of 894 RCC cases and 1,516 controls using GenGen, SNP ratio test, and ALIGATOR. The antigen processing and presentation pathway was consistently significant (P = 0.001, = 0.004, and < 0.001, respectively). Versatile gene-based association study approach was applied to the top-ranked pathway and identified the driven genes. By comparing the expression of the genes in RCC tumor and adjacent normal tissues, we observed significant overexpression of HLA genes in tumor tissues, which was also supported by public databases. We sought to validate genetic variants in antigen processing and presentation pathway in an independent GWAS dataset comprised of 1,311 RCC cases and 3,424 control subjects from the National Cancer Institute; one SNP, rs1063355, was significant in both populations (Pmeta-analysis = 9.15 × 10−4, Pheterogeneity = 0.427). Strong correlation indicated that rs1063355 was a cis-expression quantitative trait loci which associated with HLA-DQB1 expression (Spearman's rank r = −0.59, p = 5.61 × 10−6). The correlation was further validated using a public dataset. Our results highlighted the role of immune-related pathway and genes in the etiology of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Shu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuanqing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher G Wood
- Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, SAIC-Frederick Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xia Pu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maosheng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jarmo Virtamo
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nizar M Tannir
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Colin P Dinney
- Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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139
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Lee YH, Morrison BL, Bottaro DP. Synergistic signaling of tumor cell invasiveness by hepatocyte growth factor and hypoxia. J Biol Chem 2015; 289:20448-61. [PMID: 24914205 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.580597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling promotes tumor invasiveness in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and other cancers. In clear cell RCC, VHL loss generates pseudohypoxia that exacerbates HGF-driven invasion through β-catenin deregulation. Hypoxia also enhances HGF-driven invasiveness by papillary RCC cells, but in the absence of VHL, loss signaling integration involves three parallel routes: 1) hypoxia-induced reactive oxygen species production and decreased DUSP2 expression, leading to enhanced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade activation; 2) reactive oxygen species-induced diacylglycerol production by phospholipase Cγ, leading to protein kinase C activation and increased protein phosphatase- 2A activity, thereby suppressing HGF-induced Akt activation; and 3) a profound shift from HGF-enhanced, proliferation- oriented metabolism to autophagy-dependent invasion and suppression of proliferation. This tripartite signaling integration was not unique to RCC or HGF; in RCC cells, invasive synergy induced by the combination of hypoxia and epidermal growth factor occurred through the same mechanism, and in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells, this mechanism was suppressed in the absence of estrogen. These results define the molecular basis of growth factor and hypoxia invasive synergy in VHL-competent papillary RCC cells, illustrate the plasticity of invasive and proliferative tumor cell states, and provide signaling profiles by which they may be predicted.
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140
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García-Vilas JA, Quesada AR, Medina MA. Damnacanthal, a noni anthraquinone, inhibits c-Met and is a potent antitumor compound against Hep G2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8021. [PMID: 25620570 PMCID: PMC4306130 DOI: 10.1038/srep08021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Damnacanthal, an anthraquinone present in noni plants, targets several tyrosine kinases and has antitumoral effects. This study aims at getting additional insight on the potential of damnacanthal as a natural antitumor compound. The direct effect of damnacanthal on c-Met was tested by in vitro activity assays. Additionally, Western blots of c-Met phosphorylation in human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep G2 cells were performed. The antitumor effects of damnacanthal were tested by using cell growth, soft agar clonogenic, migration and invasion assays. Their mechanisms were studied by Western blot, and cell cycle, apoptosis and zymographic assays. Results show that damnacanthal targets c-Met both in vitro and in cell culture. On the other hand, damnacanthal also decreases the phosphorylation levels of Akt and targets matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion in Hep G2 cells. These molecular effects are accompanied by inhibition of the growth and clonogenic potential of Hep G2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, as well as induction of Hep G2 apoptosis. Since c-Met has been identified as a new potential therapeutical target for personalized treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, damnacanthal and noni extract supplements containing it could be potentially interesting for the treatment and/or chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma through its inhibitory effects on the HGF/c-Met axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A García-Vilas
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga)
| | - Ana R Quesada
- 1] Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga) [2] CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel A Medina
- 1] Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga) [2] CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
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141
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Bowles DW, McDermott JD, Jimeno A. Novel treatments for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: preclinical identification and clinical investigation. Future Oncol 2015; 10:1065-80. [PMID: 24941990 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common cancer worldwide. Classically, it is a disease related to tobacco and alcohol use; an increasing number of patients are being diagnosed with HNSCC caused by infection with the human papillomavirus. New deep-sequencing techniques have confirmed the importance of p53 and EGF receptor in HNSCC development, and have identified pathways of critical importance, such as PI3K/mTOR and NOTCH. Increasing knowledge of key molecular features has lead to new therapeutic avenues for HNSCC. Novel therapies under investigation in HNSCC include antibody and small molecule inhibitors of EGF receptor and its family members, PI3K inhibitors, antiangiogenic agents, immunotherapies and agents interacting with early developmental pathways such as Hedgehog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Bowles
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, CO, USA
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142
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Choi YO, Song HH, Kim YM, Kang NS, Han SY, Chin YW. c-Met and ALK Inhibitory Constituents fromScutellaria baicalensis. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Ok Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Dongguk University-Seoul; Goyang Gyeonggi-do 410-820 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Hwan Song
- Immune Modulator Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology; ChungBuk Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Dongguk University-Seoul; Goyang Gyeonggi-do 410-820 Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Sook Kang
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Yuseong-gu 305-764 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju Gyeongnam 660-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Dongguk University-Seoul; Goyang Gyeonggi-do 410-820 Republic of Korea
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143
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Abdelhafez OM, Ali HI, Amin KM, Abdalla MM, Ahmed EY. Design, synthesis and anticancer activity of furochromone and benzofuran derivatives targeting VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16228e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Furochromone and benzofuran derivatives were synthesized, docked and evaluated for their anti-VEGFR-2 activity, cytotoxicity, and in vivo antiprostate cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamed I. Ali
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Dept
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy
- Texas A&M Health Science Center
- USA
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dept
| | - Kamelia M. Amin
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dept
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Cairo University
- Egypt
| | | | - Eman Y. Ahmed
- Chemistry of Natural Products Dept
- National Research Center
- Egypt
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144
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Jagoda EM, Bhattacharyya S, Kalen J, Riffle L, Leeder A, Histed S, Williams M, Wong KJ, Xu B, Szajek LP, Elbuluk O, Cecchi F, Raffensperger K, Golla M, Bottaro DP, Choyke P. Imaging the Met Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (Met) and Assessing Tumor Responses to a Met Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in Human Xenograft Mouse Models with a [99mTc] (AH-113018) or Cy 5** (AH-112543) Labeled Peptide. Mol Imaging 2015; 14:499-515. [PMID: 26461980 PMCID: PMC7709139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing an imaging agent targeting the hepatocyte growth factor receptor protein (Met) status of cancerous lesions would aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of Met-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). A peptide targeting Met labeled with [(99m)Tc] had high affinity in vitro (Kd = 3.3 nM) and detected relative changes in Met in human cancer cell lines. In vivo [(99m)Tc]-Met peptide (AH-113018) was retained in Met-expressing tumors, and high-expressing Met tumors (MKN-45) were easily visualized and quantitated using single-photon emission computed tomography or optical imaging. In further studies, MKN-45 mouse xenografts treated with PHA 665752 (Met TKI) or vehicle were monitored weekly for tumor responses by [(99m)Tc]-Met peptide imaging and measurement of tumor volumes. Tumor uptake of [(99m)Tc]-Met peptide was significantly decreased as early as 1 week after PHA 665752 treatment, corresponding to decreases in tumor volumes. These results were comparable to Cy5**-Met peptide (AH-112543) fluorescence imaging using the same treatment model. [(99m)Tc] or Cy5**-Met peptide tumor uptake was further validated by histologic (necrosis, apoptosis) and immunoassay (total Met, p Met, and plasma shed Met) assessments in imaged and nonimaged cohorts. These data suggest that [(99m)Tc] or Cy5**-Met peptide imaging may have clinical diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic monitoring applications.
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145
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Zeng W, Ju R, Mao M. Therapeutic potential of hepatocyte growth factor against cerebral ischemia (Review). Exp Ther Med 2014; 9:283-288. [PMID: 25574187 PMCID: PMC4280917 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.2133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective treatment for cerebral ischemia has not yet been established. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent pleiotropic cytokine that is involved in cell and tissue regeneration, including in the central nervous system. Studies have demonstrated that an exogenous administration of HGF protects brain tissue from ischemic damage. In response to binding to the receptor c-Met, HGF activates the downstream signaling pathways (including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, Ras/MAPK and signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways) which leads to various cellular responses involved in angiogenesis, glial scar formation, anti-apoptosis and neurogenesis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the present understanding of the therapeutic potential of HGF in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zeng
- Department of Neonatology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P.R. China
| | - Rong Ju
- Department of Neonatology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P.R. China
| | - Meng Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China ; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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146
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MiR-335 inhibits migration of breast cancer cells through targeting oncoprotein c-Met. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:2875-83. [PMID: 25492484 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2917-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with breast cancer and aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) are highly associated with this process. A previous study has shown that miR-335 is downregulated in breast cancer and can suppress tumor invasion and metastasis. Emerging evidences indicate that c-Met is implicated in cell scattering, migration, and invasion. However, little is known about the relationship between miR-335 expression and c-Met alteration in breast cancer. In the present study, we found that miR-335 expression was downregulated and c-Met protein expression was upregulated in two human breast cell lines. MiR-335 was found to negatively regulate c-Met protein level by directly targeting its 3' untranslated region (UTR). Forced expression of miR-335 decreased c-Met expression at protein levels and consequently diminished hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced phosphorylation of c-Met and subsequently inhibited HGF promotion of breast cancer cell migration in a c-Met-dependent manner. MiR-335 expression was increased after 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR) treatment, and 5-AZA-CdR treatment resulted in the same phenotype as the effect of miR-335 overexpression. Taken together, these results demonstrate that miR-335 suppresses breast cancer cell migration by negatively regulating the HGF/c-Met pathway.
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147
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Kang H, Kiess A, Chung CH. Emerging biomarkers in head and neck cancer in the era of genomics. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2014; 12:11-26. [PMID: 25403939 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2014.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) broadly includes carcinomas arising from the mucosal epithelia of the head and neck region as well as various cell types of salivary glands and the thyroid. As reflected by the multiple sites and histologies of HNC, the molecular characteristics and clinical outcomes of this disease vary widely. In this Review, we focus on established and emerging biomarkers that are most relevant to nasopharyngeal carcinoma and head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which includes primary sites in the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx. Applications and limitations of currently established biomarkers are discussed along with examples of successful biomarker development. For emerging biomarkers, preclinical or retrospective data are also described in the context of recently completed comprehensive molecular analyses of HNSCC, which provide a broad genetic landscape and molecular classification beyond histology and clinical characteristics. We will highlight the ongoing effort that will see a shift from prognostic to predictive biomarker development in HNC with the goal of delivering individualized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseok Kang
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB-1 Room 344, Baltimore, MD 21287-0013, USA
| | - Ana Kiess
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB-1 Room 344, Baltimore, MD 21287-0013, USA
| | - Christine H Chung
- 1] Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB-1 Room 344, Baltimore, MD 21287-0013, USA. [2] Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB-1 Room 344, Baltimore, MD 21287-0013, USA
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148
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Hong H, Chen F, Zhang Y, Cai W. New radiotracers for imaging of vascular targets in angiogenesis-related diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 76:2-20. [PMID: 25086372 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous advances over the last several decades in positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) allow for targeted imaging of molecular and cellular events in the living systems. Angiogenesis, a multistep process regulated by the network of different angiogenic factors, has attracted world-wide interests, due to its pivotal role in the formation and progression of different diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and inflammation. In this review article, we will summarize the recent progress in PET or SPECT imaging of a wide variety of vascular targets in three major angiogenesis-related diseases: cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation. Faster drug development and patient stratification for a specific therapy will become possible with the facilitation of PET or SPECT imaging and it will be critical for the maximum benefit of patients.
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149
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Abstract
Clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCC) of the ovary accounts for 10% of epithelial ovarian cancer and is a distinct entity from other epithelial ovarian carcinomas. It arises from the endometriosis. CCC has specific biological and clinical behavior. Compared with other histological types, CCC shows a chemoresistant phenotype, which leads to poorer prognosis. Thus, development of new target-based therapies remains an unmet need for these patients. Mutations in the gene ARID1A have been found to occur in high frequency in CCC. The majority of these mutations lead to a loss of expression of the ARID1A protein, which is a subunit of the SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex and considered as a bona fide tumor suppressor. Upregulation of the PIK3/AKT/mTOR pathway, particularly through mutations of PIK3CA and inactivation of PTEN, is involved in tumorigenesis of CCC. Targeting angiogenesis, the Met protooncogene pathway, and HER2 are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingya Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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150
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Abstract
Dr. Tuveson and colleagues provide a comprehensive review on the fundamental role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in shaping the tumor microenvironment and promoting tumor initiation and progression. Fibroblasts regulate the structure and function of healthy tissues, participate transiently in tissue repair after acute inflammation, and assume an aberrant stimulatory role during chronic inflammatory states including cancer. Such cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) modulate the tumor microenvironment and influence the behavior of neoplastic cells in either a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting manner. These pleiotropic functions highlight the inherent plasticity of fibroblasts and may provide new avenues to understand and therapeutically intervene in malignancies. We discuss the emerging themes of CAF biology in the context of tumorigenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Öhlund
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Ela Elyada
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - David Tuveson
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
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