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The B7x Immune Checkpoint Pathway: From Discovery to Clinical Trial. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:883-896. [PMID: 31677920 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
B7x (B7 homolog x, also known as B7-H4, B7S1, and VTCN1) was discovered by ourselves and others in 2003 as the seventh member of the B7 family. It is an inhibitory immune checkpoint of great significance to human disease. Tissue-expressed B7x minimizes autoimmune and inflammatory responses. It is overexpressed in a broad spectrum of human cancers, where it suppresses antitumor immunity. Further, B7x and PD-L1 tend to have mutually exclusive expression in cancer cells. Therapeutics targeting B7x are effective in animal models of cancers and autoimmune disorders, and early-phase clinical trials are underway to determine the efficacy and safety of targeting B7x in human diseases. It took 15 years moving from the discovery of B7x to clinical trials. Further studies will be necessary to identify its receptors, reveal its physiological functions in organs, and combine therapies targeting B7x with other treatments.
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102
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MacGregor HL, Garcia-Batres C, Sayad A, Elia A, Berman HK, Toker A, Katz SR, Shaw PA, Clarke BA, Crome SQ, Robert-Tissot C, Bernardini MQ, Nguyen LT, Ohashi PS. Tumor cell expression of B7-H4 correlates with higher frequencies of tumor-infiltrating APCs and higher CXCL17 expression in human epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1665460. [PMID: 31741762 PMCID: PMC6844312 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1665460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
B7-H4, an immune suppressive member of the B7 family, is highly expressed in a wide variety of human malignancies making it an attractive immunotherapeutic target. However, the association between B7-H4 expression in the tumor microenvironment and the immune infiltrate has not been comprehensively examined. To evaluate the immune tumor microenvironment, we analyzed epithelial ovarian tumors from 28 patients using flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, functional, and genomic analyses. We determined B7-H4 expression patterns and compared the immune infiltrates of tumors with high and low surface expression of B7-H4. Frequencies and phenotypes of tumor and immune cells were determined using multiple flow cytometry panels. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze cellular infiltration and location. Publicly available datasets were interrogated to determine intratumoral cytokine and chemokine expression. We found that B7-H4 was predominantly expressed by tumor cells in the epithelial ovarian tumor microenvironment. Surface expression of B7-H4 on tumor cells was correlated with higher levels of infiltrating mature antigen-presenting cells. Further, expression of CXCL17, a monocyte and dendritic cell chemoattractant, correlated strongly with B7-H4 expression. T cells expressed activation markers, but T cells expressing a combination of markers associated with T cell activation/exhaustion phenotype were not prevalent. Overall, our data suggest that B7-H4 is associated with a pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L. MacGregor
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlos Garcia-Batres
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Azin Sayad
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Elia
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hal K. Berman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aras Toker
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Rachel Katz
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia A. Shaw
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Blaise A. Clarke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Q. Crome
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Celine Robert-Tissot
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus Q. Bernardini
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linh T. Nguyen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamela S. Ohashi
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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103
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Kaur G, Janakiram M. B7x-from bench to bedside. ESMO Open 2019; 4:e000554. [PMID: 31555486 PMCID: PMC6735664 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
B7x is an immune checkpoint molecule which belongs to the B7 family of ligands which includes PD-L1, PD-L2, B7-H3 and HHLA2. B7x belongs to the Immunoglobulin superfamily and its protein structure is similar to other members with a N terminus peptide, IgV and IgC like extracellular domain with four cysteine residues. Its receptor is yet to be identified. B7x inhibits T cell proliferation and expansion by IL-2 dependent and non-IL-2 dependent pathways. Even though high levels of B7x mRNA can be detected in most tissues its protein expression is highly limited suggesting significant post translational control. In vivo data, show that B7x plays an important role in limiting autoimmunity in the peripheral tissues and fine-tuning autoimmune responses. B7x is highly expressed in various cancers and in prostate cancer its expression is corelated with poorer outcomes. Local production of IL-6 and IL-10 in various cancers promotes B7x expression and tumor immune evasion. B7x is especially expressed in PD-L1 negative tumors suggesting that this may be an important method of immune evasion in these tumors. Currently drug development, targeting B7x through various mechanisms including monoclonal antibodies and antibody drug conjugates are in development in cancers and increasing B7x expression with fusion proteins in autoimmune diseases is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurbakhash Kaur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York city, New York, USA
| | - Murali Janakiram
- Department of Medical Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York city, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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104
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Preclinical Evidence of STAT3 Inhibitor Pacritinib Overcoming Temozolomide Resistance via Downregulating miR-21-Enriched Exosomes from M2 Glioblastoma-Associated Macrophages. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8070959. [PMID: 31269723 PMCID: PMC6678764 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in virtually every aspect of tumorigenesis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). A dysfunctional TME promotes drug resistance, disease recurrence, and distant metastasis. Recent evidence indicates that exosomes released by stromal cells within the TME may promote oncogenic phenotypes via transferring signaling molecules such as cytokines, proteins, and microRNAs. Results: In this study, clinical GBM samples were collected and analyzed. We found that GBM-associated macrophages (GAMs) secreted exosomes which were enriched with oncomiR-21. Coculture of GAMs (and GAM-derived exosomes) and GBM cell lines increased GBM cells’ resistance against temozolomide (TMZ) by upregulating the prosurvival gene programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) and stemness markers SRY (sex determining region y)-box 2 (Sox2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Nestin, and miR-21-5p and increasing the M2 cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1) secreted by GBM cells, promoting the M2 polarization of GAMs. Subsequently, pacritinib treatment suppressed GBM tumorigenesis and stemness; more importantly, pacritinib-treated GBM cells showed a markedly reduced ability to secret M2 cytokines and reduced miR-21-enriched exosomes secreted by GAMs. Pacritinib-mediated effects were accompanied by a reduction of oncomiR miR-21-5p, by which the tumor suppressor PDCD4 was targeted. We subsequently established patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models where mice bore patient GBM and GAMs. Treatment with pacritinib and the combination of pacritinib and TMZ appeared to significantly reduce the tumorigenesis of GBM/GAM PDX mice as well as overcome TMZ resistance and M2 polarization of GAMs. Conclusion: In summation, we showed the potential of pacritinib alone or in combination with TMZ to suppress GBM tumorigenesis via modulating STAT3/miR-21/PDCD4 signaling. Further investigations are warranted for adopting pacritinib for the treatment of TMZ-resistant GBM in clinical settings.
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105
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Lamano JB, Lamano JB, Li YD, DiDomenico JD, Choy W, Veliceasa D, Oyon DE, Fakurnejad S, Ampie L, Kesavabhotla K, Kaur R, Kaur G, Biyashev D, Unruh DJ, Horbinski CM, James CD, Parsa AT, Bloch O. Glioblastoma-Derived IL6 Induces Immunosuppressive Peripheral Myeloid Cell PD-L1 and Promotes Tumor Growth. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3643-3657. [PMID: 30824583 PMCID: PMC6571046 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Upregulation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on circulating and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells is a critical component of GBM-mediated immunosuppression that has been associated with diminished response to vaccine immunotherapy and poor survival. Although GBM-derived soluble factors have been implicated in myeloid PD-L1 expression, the identity of such factors has remained unknown. This study aimed to identify factors responsible for myeloid PD-L1 upregulation as potential targets for immune modulation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Conditioned media from patient-derived GBM explant cell cultures was assessed for cytokine expression and utilized to stimulate naïve myeloid cells. Myeloid PD-L1 induction was quantified by flow cytometry. Candidate cytokines correlated with PD-L1 induction were evaluated in tumor sections and plasma for relationships with survival and myeloid PD-L1 expression. The role of identified cytokines on immunosuppression and survival was investigated in vivo utilizing immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice bearing syngeneic GL261 and CT-2A tumors. RESULTS GBM-derived IL6 was identified as a cytokine that is necessary and sufficient for myeloid PD-L1 induction in GBM through a STAT3-dependent mechanism. Inhibition of IL6 signaling in orthotopic murine glioma models was associated with reduced myeloid PD-L1 expression, diminished tumor growth, and increased survival. The therapeutic benefit of anti-IL6 therapy proved to be CD8+ T-cell dependent, and the antitumor activity was additive with that provided by programmed death-1 (PD-1)-targeted immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that disruption of IL6 signaling in GBM reduces local and systemic myeloid-driven immunosuppression and enhances immune-mediated antitumor responses against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Lamano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Yuping D Li
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Winward Choy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Dorina Veliceasa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel E Oyon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shayan Fakurnejad
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Leonel Ampie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kartik Kesavabhotla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rajwant Kaur
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gurvinder Kaur
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dauren Biyashev
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dusten J Unruh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Craig M Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - C David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Orin Bloch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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106
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Wu M, Song D, Li H, Yang Y, Ma X, Deng S, Ren C, Shu X. Negative regulators of STAT3 signaling pathway in cancers. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:4957-4969. [PMID: 31213912 PMCID: PMC6549392 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s206175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is the most ubiquitous member of the STAT family and involved in many biological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Mounting evidence has revealed that STAT3 is aberrantly activated in many malignant tumors and plays a critical role in cancer progression. STAT3 is usually regarded as an effective molecular target for cancer treatment, and abolishing the STAT3 activity may diminish tumor growth and metastasis. Recent studies have shown that negative regulators of STAT3 signaling such as PIAS, SOCS, and PTP, can effectively retard tumor progression. However, PIAS, SOCS, and PTP have also been reported to correlate with tumor malignancy, and their biological function in tumorigenesis and antitumor therapy are somewhat controversial. In this review, we summarize actual knowledge on the negative regulators of STAT3 in tumors, and focus on the potential role of PIAS, SOCS, and PTP in cancer treatment. Furthermore, we also outline the STAT3 inhibitors that have entered clinical trials. Targeting STAT3 seems to be a promising strategy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moli Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyang Song
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Sa Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Changle Ren
- Surgery Department of Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116033, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
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107
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Jézéquel P, Kerdraon O, Hondermarck H, Guérin-Charbonnel C, Lasla H, Gouraud W, Canon JL, Gombos A, Dalenc F, Delaloge S, Lemonnier J, Loussouarn D, Verrièle V, Campone M. Identification of three subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer with potential therapeutic implications. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:65. [PMID: 31101122 PMCID: PMC6525459 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heterogeneity and lack of targeted therapies represent the two main impediments to precision treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and therefore, molecular subtyping and identification of therapeutic pathways are required to optimize medical care. The aim of the present study was to define robust TNBC subtypes with clinical relevance. Methods Gene expression profiling by means of DNA chips was conducted in an internal TNBC cohort composed of 238 patients. In addition, external data (n = 257), obtained by using the same DNA chip, were used for validation. Fuzzy clustering was followed by functional annotation of the clusters. Immunohistochemistry was used to confirm transcriptomics results: CD138 and CD20 were used to test for plasma cell and B lymphocyte infiltrations, respectively; MECA79 and CD31 for tertiary lymphoid structures; and UCHL1/PGP9.5 and S100 for neurogenesis. Results We identified three molecular clusters within TNBC: one molecular apocrine (C1) and two basal-like-enriched (C2 and C3). C2 presented pro-tumorigenic immune response (immune suppressive), high neurogenesis (nerve infiltration), and high biological aggressiveness. In contrast, C3 exhibited adaptive immune response associated with complete B cell differentiation that occurs in tertiary lymphoid structures, and immune checkpoint upregulation. External cohort subtyping by means of the same approach proved the robustness of these results. Furthermore, plasma cell and B lymphocyte infiltrates, tertiary lymphoid structures, and neurogenesis were validated at the protein levels by means of histological evaluation and immunohistochemistry. Conclusion Our work showed that TNBC can be subcategorized in three different subtypes characterized by marked biological features, some of which could be targeted by specific therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-019-1148-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Jézéquel
- Département de Biopathologie, Unité Mixte de Génomique du Cancer, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest - site René Gauducheau, Bd Jacques Monod, 44805, Saint Herblain Cedex, France. .,Unité de Bioinfomique, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Bd Jacques Monod, 44805, Saint Herblain Cedex, France. .,CRCINA, UMR 1232 INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Institut de Recherche en Santé-Université de Nantes, 8 Quai Moncousu, BP 70721, 44007, Nantes Cedex 1, France.
| | - Olivier Kerdraon
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Bd Jacques Monod, 44805, Saint Herblain Cedex, France
| | - Hubert Hondermarck
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Catherine Guérin-Charbonnel
- Département de Biopathologie, Unité Mixte de Génomique du Cancer, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest - site René Gauducheau, Bd Jacques Monod, 44805, Saint Herblain Cedex, France.,Unité de Bioinfomique, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Bd Jacques Monod, 44805, Saint Herblain Cedex, France.,CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Institut de Recherche en Santé-Université de Nantes, 8 Quai Moncousu, BP 70721, 44007, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Hamza Lasla
- Unité de Bioinfomique, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Bd Jacques Monod, 44805, Saint Herblain Cedex, France
| | - Wilfried Gouraud
- Département de Biopathologie, Unité Mixte de Génomique du Cancer, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest - site René Gauducheau, Bd Jacques Monod, 44805, Saint Herblain Cedex, France.,Unité de Bioinfomique, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Bd Jacques Monod, 44805, Saint Herblain Cedex, France.,CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Institut de Recherche en Santé-Université de Nantes, 8 Quai Moncousu, BP 70721, 44007, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Jean-Luc Canon
- Oncologie-Hématologie, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, 3 Grand'Rue, 6000, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Andrea Gombos
- Oncologie Médicale, Institut Jules Bordet, 121 Bd de Waterloo, 1000, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Florence Dalenc
- Oncologie Médicale, IUCT-Oncopole, 1 Av Irène Joliot-Curie, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Suzette Delaloge
- Oncologie Médicale, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Jérôme Lemonnier
- UCBG, R&D UNICANCER, Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer, 101 rue de Tolbiac, 75013, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Delphine Loussouarn
- Départment d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, 44093, Nantes, France
| | - Véronique Verrièle
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Bd Jacques Monod, 44805, Saint Herblain Cedex, France
| | - Mario Campone
- CRCINA, UMR 1232 INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Institut de Recherche en Santé-Université de Nantes, 8 Quai Moncousu, BP 70721, 44007, Nantes Cedex 1, France.,Oncologie Médicale, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, René Gauducheau, Bd Jacques Monod, 44805, Saint Herblain Cedex, France
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108
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Prakash R, Izraely S, Thareja NS, Lee RH, Rappaport M, Kawaguchi R, Sagi-Assif O, Ben-Menachem S, Meshel T, Machnicki M, Ohe S, Hoon DS, Coppola G, Witz IP, Carmichael ST. Regeneration Enhances Metastasis: A Novel Role for Neurovascular Signaling in Promoting Melanoma Brain Metastasis. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:297. [PMID: 31024232 PMCID: PMC6465799 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural repair after stroke involves initiation of a cellular proliferative program in the form of angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and molecular growth signals in the surrounding tissue elements. This cellular environment constitutes a niche in which regeneration of new blood vessels and new neurons leads to partial tissue repair after stroke. Cancer metastasis has similar proliferative cellular events in the brain and other organs. Do cancer and CNS tissue repair share similar cellular processes? In this study, we identify a novel role of the regenerative neurovascular niche induced by stroke in promoting brain melanoma metastasis through enhancing cellular interactions with surrounding niche components. Repair-mediated neurovascular signaling induces metastatic cells to express genes crucial to metastasis. Mimicking stroke-like conditions in vitro displays an enhancement of metastatic migration potential and allows for the determination of cell-specific signals produced by the regenerative neurovascular niche. Comparative analysis of both in vitro and in vivo expression profiles reveals a major contribution of endothelial cells in mediating melanoma metastasis. These results point to a previously undiscovered role of the regenerative neurovascular niche in shaping the tumor microenvironment and brain metastatic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshini Prakash
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sivan Izraely
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nikita S Thareja
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rex H Lee
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maya Rappaport
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Orit Sagi-Assif
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomit Ben-Menachem
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Machnicki
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shuichi Ohe
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Dave S Hoon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Isaac P Witz
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - S Thomas Carmichael
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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109
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Guo L, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Quan Q, Huang L, Xu Y, Cao L, Zhang X. Association of increased B7 protein expression by infiltrating immune cells with progression of gastric carcinogenesis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14663. [PMID: 30813210 PMCID: PMC6407991 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
B7 negative costimulatory molecules are a group of molecules associated with the occurrence, development, and therapy of cancers. Here, we aimed to determine the clinical significance of PD-L1, B7-H3, and B7-H4 and their expression in CD8 and CD68 positive cells at different stages of gastric carcinogenesis.We detected PD-L1, B7-H3, B7-H4, CD8, and CD68 expression in samples by immunohistochemical staining of 62 chronic superficial gastritis (CSG) samples, 72 chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) samples, 68 low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LIN) samples, 65 high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HIN) samples obtained from gastroscopic biopsies and 50 gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) samples obtained from surgical resections. Then we statistically analyzed the expression differences and correlations.Our results indicated that B7 and CD68 expression on infiltrating immune cells was associated with disease progression. However, infiltration of CD8+ cells decreased with disease progression. B7-H3 expression was markedly enhanced at neoplasia and GA stages. B7-H3 in tumor cells was negatively correlated with CD8-expressing cells. Conversely, B7-H3 expression in tumor-infiltrating immune cells was positively correlated with CD68-expressing cells. B7-H4 expression was found in the cell membrane at the stages of gastritis and low-grade neoplasia and was gradually expressed in the cytoplasm at high-grade neoplasia and GA stages. High B7-H4 expression in infiltrating immune cells was also significantly associated with lower CD8-positive and higher CD68-positive cell densities.Increased B7 protein expression by infiltrating immune cells was associated with disease progression, and specifically, the level of B7-H3 expression and localization of B7-H4 expression differed significantly among different stages of gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchuan Guo
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Zhiju Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Qiuying Quan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | | | - Yunyun Xu
- Institute of Pediatric Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Lei Cao
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal tumor Immunology, Suzhou, PR China
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110
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Wang L, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Han B, Shen Z, Li L, Liu S, Zhao X, Ye F, Zhang Y. Specific clinical and immune features of CD68 in glioma via 1,024 samples. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:6409-6419. [PMID: 30568502 PMCID: PMC6267768 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s183293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a growing recognition that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are recruited to the glioma environment, facilitating tumor proliferation and migration by creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment. CD68 has been widely reported as a specific marker of TAMs in cancer. Purpose To clarify the role of CD68 in glioma, we investigated its function at the transcriptome level and relationship with clinical practice. Patients and methods In total, 325 RNA-seq data from Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and 697 RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) network were enrolled in this study. CD68-specific findings were further analyzed with R language, and the prognostic impacts were validated through analyzing the overall survival (OS). Results CD68 showed a positive correlation with the WHO grade of malignancy in glioma. Meanwhile, CD68 was predominantly expressed in IDH wide type and mesenchymal subtype. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that CD68-related genes were closely related to inflammatory response and immune response. Moreover, seven cultures of metagenes further confirmed that CD68 was a specific marker for macrophages in inflammatory response and played an important role in suppressing T-cell-mediated immunity. The Pearson correlation test suggested that CD68 showed robust correlation with other markers of macrophages and immune checkpoints, including PD-1 and TIM-3. Clinically, a high expression level of CD68 in tumors exhibited a poor survival in glioma patients. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that CD68 acted as an immune suppressor and contributed to glioma progression in the tumor microenvironment. These findings may expand our understanding of CD68-specific clinical and immune features in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China, .,Department of Otology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Chaoqi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China, .,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China,
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China,
| | - Bing Han
- Department of General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhibo Shen
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China,
| | - Lifeng Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China, .,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China,
| | - Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China,
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China,
| | - Fanglei Ye
- Department of Otology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China, .,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China, .,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China,
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111
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Yao Y, Luo F, Tang C, Chen D, Qin Z, Hua W, Xu M, Zhong P, Yu S, Chen D, Ding X, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Yang J, Qian J, Deng Y, Hoon DSB, Hu J, Chu Y, Zhou L. Molecular subgroups and B7-H4 expression levels predict responses to dendritic cell vaccines in glioblastoma: an exploratory randomized phase II clinical trial. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1777-1788. [PMID: 30159779 PMCID: PMC11028057 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination is a promising approach for active-specific immunotherapy, but is currently of limited efficacy. The safety and effectiveness of a DC vaccine (DCV) loaded with glioblastoma stem cell-like (GSC) antigens was assessed in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II clinical trial, 43 GBM patients were randomized after surgery at a 1:1 ratio to receive either DCV (n = 22) or normal saline placebo (n = 21). Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analysed. Participants were stratified into different molecular subgroups based on the mutation (MT) status of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1/2) and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). Plasma cytokine levels, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte numbers and immune co-inhibitory molecules PD-L1 and B7-H4 were also assessed. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that DCV treatment significantly prolonged OS (p = 0.02) after adjusting for IDH1 and TERT promoter MT and B7-H4 expression, primary vs recurrent GBM. Among IDH1wild type (WT) TERTMT patients, DCV treatment significantly prolonged OS (p < 0.01) and PFS (p = 0.03) and increased plasma levels of cytokines CCL22 and IFN-γ compared with placebo. Patients with low B7-H4 expression showed significantly prolonged OS (p = 0.02) after DCV treatment. Therefore, IDH1WTTERTMT and low B7-H4 expression identified subgroups of GBM patients more responsive to GSC DCV-based specific active-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Immunology Laboratory of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- Biotherapy Research Center of Fudan University and Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Immunology Laboratory of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Dikang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Immunology Laboratory of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhiyong Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Immunology Laboratory of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ping Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shuangquan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Immunology Laboratory of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Immunology Laboratory of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiaojie Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Immunology Laboratory of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiujuan Zheng
- Department of Immunology and Biotherapy Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Department of Immunology and Biotherapy Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiawen Qian
- Department of Immunology and Biotherapy Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuting Deng
- Department of Immunology and Biotherapy Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dave S B Hoon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI), Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Saint John's Health Center, Providence Health Systems, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology and Biotherapy Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Neurosurgical Immunology Laboratory of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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112
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Qian J, Wang C, Wang B, Yang J, Wang Y, Luo F, Xu J, Zhao C, Liu R, Chu Y. The IFN-γ/PD-L1 axis between T cells and tumor microenvironment: hints for glioma anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:290. [PMID: 30333036 PMCID: PMC6192101 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background PD-L1 is an immune inhibitory receptor ligand that leads to T cell dysfunction and apoptosis by binding to its receptor PD-1, which works in braking inflammatory response and conspiring tumor immune evasion. However, in gliomas, the cause of PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment is not yet clear. Besides, auxiliary biomarkers are urgently needed for screening possible responsive glioma patients for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. Methods The distribution of tumor-infiltrating T cells and PD-L1 expression was analyzed via immunofluorescence in orthotopic murine glioma model. The expression of PD-L1 in immune cell populations was detected by flow cytometry. Data excavated from TCGA LGG/GBM datasets and the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project was used for in silico analysis of the correlation among genes and survival. Results The distribution of tumor-infiltrating T cells and PD-L1 expression, which parallels in murine orthotopic glioma model and human glioma microdissections, was interrelated. The IFN-γ level was positively correlated with PD-L1 expression in murine glioma. Further, IFN-γ induces PD-L1 expression on primary cultured microglia, bone marrow-derived macrophages, and GL261 glioma cells in vitro. Seven IFN-γ-induced genes, namely GBP5, ICAM1, CAMK2D, IRF1, SOCS3, CD44, and CCL2, were selected to calculate as substitute indicator for IFN-γ level. By combining the relative expression of the listed IFN-γ-induced genes, IFN-γ score was positively correlated with PD-L1 expression in different anatomic structures of human glioma and in glioma of different malignancies. Conclusion Our study identified the distribution of tumor-infiltrating T cells and PD-L1 expression in murine glioma model and human glioma samples. And we found that IFN-γ is an important cause of PD-L1 expression in the glioma microenvironment. Further, we proposed IFN-γ score aggregated from the expressions of the listed IFN-γ-induced genes as a complementary prognostic indicator for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1330-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Qian
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, No. 138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd., Mail Box 226, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, No. 138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd., Mail Box 226, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, No. 138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd., Mail Box 226, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yuedi Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, No. 138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd., Mail Box 226, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junying Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, No. 138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd., Mail Box 226, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chujun Zhao
- Northfield Mount Hermon School, Mount Hermon, MA, 01354, USA
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, No. 138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd., Mail Box 226, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, No. 138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd., Mail Box 226, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Nirmal AJ, Regan T, Shih BB, Hume DA, Sims AH, Freeman TC. Immune Cell Gene Signatures for Profiling the Microenvironment of Solid Tumors. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:1388-1400. [PMID: 30266715 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The immune composition of the tumor microenvironment regulates processes including angiogenesis, metastasis, and the response to drugs or immunotherapy. To facilitate the characterization of the immune component of tumors from transcriptomics data, a number of immune cell transcriptome signatures have been reported that are made up of lists of marker genes indicative of the presence a given immune cell population. The majority of these gene signatures have been defined through analysis of isolated blood cells. However, blood cells do not reflect the differentiation or activation state of similar cells within tissues, including tumors, and consequently markers derived from blood cells do not necessarily transfer well to tissues. To address this issue, we generated a set of immune gene signatures derived directly from tissue transcriptomics data using a network-based deconvolution approach. We define markers for seven immune cell types, collectively named ImSig, and demonstrate how these markers can be used for the quantitative estimation of the immune cell content of tumor and nontumor tissue samples. The utility of ImSig is demonstrated through the stratification of melanoma patients into subgroups of prognostic significance and the identification of immune cells with the use of single-cell RNA-sequencing data derived from tumors. Use of ImSig is facilitated by an R package (imsig). Cancer Immunol Res; 6(11); 1388-400. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit J Nirmal
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Regan
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara B Shih
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David A Hume
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew H Sims
- Applied Bioinformatics of Cancer, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tom C Freeman
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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114
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Roberts NB, Alqazzaz A, Hwang JR, Qi X, Keegan AD, Kim AJ, Winkles JA, Woodworth GF. Oxaliplatin disrupts pathological features of glioma cells and associated macrophages independent of apoptosis induction. J Neurooncol 2018; 140:497-507. [PMID: 30132163 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2979-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging evidence suggests that effective treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and deadly form of adult primary brain cancer, will likely require concurrent treatment of multiple aspects of tumor pathobiology to overcome tumor heterogeneity and the complex tumor-supporting microenvironment. Recent studies in non-central nervous system (CNS) tumor cells have demonstrated that oxaliplatin (OXA) can induce multi-faceted anti-tumor effects, in particular at drug concentrations below those required to induce apoptosis. These findings motivated re-investigation of OXA for the treatment of GBM. METHODS The effects of OXA on murine KR158 and GL261 glioma cells including cell growth, cell death, inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) activity, O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression, and immunogenic cell death (ICD) initiation, were evaluated by cytotoxicity assays, Western blot analysis, STAT3-luciferase reporter assays, qRT-PCR assays, and flow cytometry. Chemical inhibitors of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were used to investigate the contribution of this cell damage response to the observed OXA effects. The effect of OXA on bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) exposed to glioma conditioned media (GCM) was also analyzed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS We identified the OXA concentration threshold for induction of apoptosis and from this determined the drug dose and treatment period for sub-cytotoxic treatments of glioma cells. Under these experimental conditions, OXA reduced STAT3 activity, reduced MGMT levels and increased temozolomide sensitivity. In addition, there was evidence of immunogenic cell death (elevated EIF2α phosphorylation and calreticulin exposure) following prolonged OXA treatment. Notably, inhibition of ER stress reversed the OXA-mediated inhibition of STAT3 activity and MGMT expression in the tumor cells. In BMDMs exposed to GCM, OXA also reduced levels of phosphorylated STAT3 and decreased expression of Arginase 1, an enzyme known to contribute to pro-tumor functions in the tumor-immune environment. CONCLUSIONS OXA can induce notable multi-faceted biological effects in glioma cells and BMDMs at relatively low drug concentrations. These findings may have significant therapeutic relevance against GBM and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan B Roberts
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Aymen Alqazzaz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jacqueline R Hwang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Xiulan Qi
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Achsah D Keegan
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Research and Development Service, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Anthony J Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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115
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Wang L, Yang C, Liu XB, Wang L, Kang FB. B7-H4 overexpression contributes to poor prognosis and drug-resistance in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:100. [PMID: 30008617 PMCID: PMC6044050 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of the immunoregulatory protein B7-H4 has been reported in many types of cancer, including breast cancer. However, its role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), especially its correlation with patients’ prognosis and chemoresistance remains unclear. Methods The expression of B7-H4 in TNBC tissues and cell lines were measured with Real-Time PCR and western blotting. 65 cases of TNBC tissue samples and adjacent non-tumor tissue samples were analyzed by immunochemistry to demonstrate the correlation between the B7-H4 expression and clinicopathological characteristics. In vitro studies assessed mAb MIH43 alone and in combination with transfecting B7-H4 siRNA on the growth of chemosensitive and chemoresistant TNBC cell lines by CCK-8 and apoptotic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results B7-H4 expression was detected positive in 59 of 65 (90.8%) different stage TNBC patients, especially in the samples of recurrence TNBC patients after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment. Survival curves showed that patients with B7-H4 overexpression had significantly shorter survival and recurrence time than those with low B7-H4 expression (p < 0.005). Univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis demonstrated that B7-H4 was an independent predictor for advanced tumor stage. The monoclonal antibody of B7-H4 has the potential anti-proliferative effects on inhibiting the chemoresistant TNBC cell lines and increasing the sensitivity of TNBC cell lines to doxorubicin, paclitaxel or carboplatin. RNAi-mediated silencing of B7-H4 in TNBC cells enhanced drug-induced apoptosis via inhibiting PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway, whereas reexpression of B7-H4 in B7-H4 knockdown and low B7-H4 expressing cells increased the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT along with restoration of PETN expression. Conclusions Our data show that B7-H4 is a biomarker indicative of a poor prognosis in TNBC patients and at least partially downregulated in chemoresistance via PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. Targeting B7-H4 might provide an attractive therapeutic approach specifically for TNBC patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-018-0597-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- 1Department of Orthopedic Oncology, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yang
- 2Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Bo Liu
- 3Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, the Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fu-Biao Kang
- 5Department of Liver Diseases, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei People's Republic of China
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116
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Ni L, Dong C. New B7 Family Checkpoints in Human Cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 16:1203-1211. [PMID: 28679835 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
T cells are the main effector cells in immune response against tumors. The activation of T cells is regulated by the innate immune system through positive and negative costimulatory molecules. Targeting immune checkpoint regulators such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) and CTL antigen 4 (CTLA-4) has achieved notable benefit in a variety of cancers, which leads to multiple clinical trials with antibodies targeting the other related B7/CD28 family members. Recently, five new B7 family ligands, B7-H3, B7-H4, B7-H5, B7-H6, and B7-H7, were identified. Here we review recent understanding of new B7 family checkpoint molecules as they have come to the front of cancer research with the concept that tumor cells exploit them to escape immune surveillance. The aim of this article is to address the structure and expression of the new B7 family molecules as well as their roles in controlling and suppressing immune responses of T cells as well as NK cells. We also discuss clinical significance and contribution of these checkpoint expressions in human cancers. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(7); 1203-11. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ni
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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117
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Tan Z, Shen W. Prognostic role of B7-H4 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:27137-27144. [PMID: 28404927 PMCID: PMC5432323 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
B7 homolog 4 (B7-H4) has been recently reported to be a prognostic marker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in some studies. However, the results remained conflicting. Thus, we aimed to comprehensively assess the association between B7-H4 expression and prognosis of NSCLC patients by performing a meta-analysis. Relevant publications were thoroughly searched of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to evaluate the effects. A total of 9 studies comprising 1444 patients were included in this meta-analysis. B7-H4 overexpression was associated with presence of lymph node metastasis (OR=3.59, 95%CI=2.39-5.38, p<0.001; fixed effect), advanced TNM stage (OR=2.36, 95%CI=1.2-4.67, p=0.013; random effect), and poor differentiation (OR=2.11, 95%CI=1.12-3.99, p=0.021; fixed effect). However, B7-H4 had no significant correlation with gender, age or histology in NSCLC. Furthermore, in a fixed effects model, the results indicated that B7-H4 overexpression was significantly associated with poor OS (HR=2.03, 95%CI=1.41-2.92, p<0.001). This meta-analysis demonstrated that high B7-H4 expression is an unfavorable prognostic factor in NSCLC. Because few studies were included for meta-analysis and almost all included studies were performed on Chinese patients, therefore; large scale prospective studies are needed to verify our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Tan
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Weixi Shen
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
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118
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Chen C, Zhu WD, Xie F, Huang JA. Nuclear localization of B7-H4 in pulmonary adenocarcinomas presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule. Oncotarget 2018; 7:58563-58568. [PMID: 27438152 PMCID: PMC5295452 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the pathogenicity of B7-H4 in cancer is well established, its role in pulmonary adenocarcinoma, especially lesions presenting as solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs), remains unclear. METHODS 40 cases of pulmonary adenocarcinoma presenting with SPN were enrolled during year 2012-2015. The B7-H4 expression and its subcellular distribution in pulmonary adenocarcinoma presenting with SPN were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, further its correlation with Ki-67 expression and CT feature. In vitro, the B7-H4 expression in the cytoplasmic and nucleus fractions of lung cancer cell lines was determinate by western blotting. RESULTS Immunostaining revealed B7-H4 in the cytoplasm of cells from all 40 SPN samples studied. No surface localization of B7-H4 was detected, but in 18 samples the nuclear membranes were B7-H4-positive. Moreover, patients with more poorly differentiated and invasive adenocarcinomas showed greater localization of B7-H4 to the nuclear membrane. The percentage of lesions with ground-glass opacity was significantly greater among samples negative for nuclear membrane B7-H4. Most importantly, there was a statistically significant relationships between the Ki-67 index and B7-H4 positivity of the nuclear membrane. This suggests tumors exhibiting higher nuclear membrane B7-H4 have greater proliferative potential. Western blotting confirmed both cytoplasmic and nuclear B7-H4 localization in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study provides a new insight into the tumorigenicity of B7-H4 in lung adenocarcinoma. We suggest that in pulmonary adenocarcinoma presenting with SPN, nuclear membrane localization of B7-H4 within the tumor cells is associated with increased malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Respiratory Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhu
- Pathology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Pathology Department, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Respiratory Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
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Bao L, Luo Q, Zhang J, Lao Z. GRP78 overexpression as an unfavorable outcome in glioma patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:420-426. [PMID: 31938127 PMCID: PMC6957966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, the GRP78 expression and the correlation between GRP78 expression and clinicopathologic data in patients with glioma, including survival, were examined. METHODS AND RESULTS The mRNA and protein levels of GRP78were respectively determined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemical analysis in 30 fresh glioma samples and 19 fresh normal brain samples as well as 156 paraffin-embedded glioma samples and 35 normal paraffin-embedded brain samples. The data showed that GRP78 mRNA is markedly upregulated compared with normal brain tissues. Consistent with this data, the GRP78 protein level was also significantly increased in glioma tissues compared with normal brain tissues. We further observed that high GRP78 protein expression was significantly associated with clinical stage (P = 0.0013) but did not correlate with age and gender. High, rather than low, GRP78 protein expression was associated with pooroverall survival rates (P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that high GRP78 protein expression was an independent prognostic indicator of patient survival (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that GRP78 is overexpressed and plays a significant role in disease progression and poor outcome in patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujun Bao
- Zhongshan Chenxinghai Hospital, Guangdong Medical UniversityZhongshan, China
| | - Qisheng Luo
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for NationalitiesBaise, Guangxi, China
| | - Junyi Zhang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyun Lao
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
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NFAT1-regulated IL6 signalling contributes to aggressive phenotypes of glioma. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:54. [PMID: 29258522 PMCID: PMC5735798 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We previously demonstrated that the local immune status correlated with the glioma prognosis. Interleukin-6 (IL6) was identified as an important local immune-related risk marker related to unfavourable prognosis. In this study, we further investigated the role and regulation of IL6 signalling in glioma. Methods The expression and prognostic value of IL6 and the IL6 receptor (IL6R) were explored in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and REMBRANDT databases and clinical samples. Functional effects of genetic knockdown and overexpression of IL6R or IL6 stimulation were examined in vitro and in tumours in vivo. The effects of the nuclear factor of activated T cells-1 (NFAT1) on the promoter activities of IL6R and IL6 were also examined. Results High IL6- and IL6R-expression were significantly associated with mesenchymal subtype and IDH-wildtype gliomas, and were predictors of poor survival. Knockdown of IL6R decreased cell proliferation, invasion and neurosphere formation in vitro, and inhibited tumorigenesis in vivo. IL6R overexpression or IL6 stimulation enhanced the invasion and growth of glioma cells. TCGA database searching revealed that IL6- and IL6R-expression were correlated with that of NFAT1. In glioma cells, NFAT1 enhanced the promoter activities of IL6R and IL6, and upregulated the expression of both IL6R and IL6. Conclusion NFAT1-regulated IL6 signalling contributes to aggressive phenotypes of gliomas, emphasizing the role of immunomodulatory factors in glioma malignant progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-017-0210-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Xie N, Cai JB, Zhang L, Zhang PF, Shen YH, Yang X, Lu JC, Gao DM, Kang Q, Liu LX, Zhang C, Huang XY, Zou H, Zhang XY, Song ZJ, Sun HX, Fu BM, Ke AW, Shi GM. Upregulation of B7-H4 promotes tumor progression of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:3205. [PMID: 29235470 PMCID: PMC5870586 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports show that B7-H4 is highly expressed in a variety of tumor cells, functions as a negative regulator of T cells and then promotes tumor progression. However, its expression and role in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remain unclear. In present study, B7-H4 expression in ICC and peritumoral tissues was determined at the level of mRNA and protein, and its bioactivity in ICC cells was studied after modification of B7-H4 expression. Then, the mechanism related to tumor progression induced by B7-H4 expression in ICC cells was explored. Finally, clinical significance of B7-H4 expression in ICC patients was further analyzed. The results showed that B7-H4 expression in ICC was much higher than that in peritumoral tissues at the level of both mRNA and protein. The high level of B7-H4 in ICC cells induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions and promoted invasion and metastasis of tumor cells through activation of ERK1/2 signaling. The elevated B7-H4 expression was associated with the downregulated Bax, upregulated Bcl-2 expression, and activation of caspase-3. Clinically, high B7-H4 expression in tumor samples was significantly related to malignant phenotype, such as lymph node metastasis, high tumor stage, and poor differentiation. ICC patients with high expression of B7-H4 had shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival. Moreover, the B7-H4 expression was an independent prognostic factor for predicting OS and tumor recurrence of ICC patients after operation. In conclusion, high expression of B7-H4 promotes tumor progression of ICC and may be a novel therapeutic target for ICC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry, Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplant of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, China
| | - Jia-Bin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry, Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplant of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry, Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplant of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry, Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplant of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying-Hao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry, Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplant of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry, Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplant of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry, Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplant of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dong-Mei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry, Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplant of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiang Kang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, China
| | - Li-Xin Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry, Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplant of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry, Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplant of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hao Zou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry, Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplant of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zheng-Ji Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jin Bi Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Hai-Xiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry, Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplant of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bi-Mang Fu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, China.
| | - Ai-Wu Ke
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry, Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplant of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Guo-Ming Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry, Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplant of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Tumor-expressed immune checkpoint B7x promotes cancer progression and antigen-specific CD8 T cell exhaustion and suppressive innate immune cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82740-82753. [PMID: 29137299 PMCID: PMC5669925 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
B7x (B7-H4 or B7S1) is a coinhibitory member of the B7 immune checkpoint ligand family that regulates immune function following ligation with its unknown cognate receptors. B7x has limited expression on normal tissues, but is up-regulated on solid human tumors to inhibit anti-tumor immunity and associates with poor clinical prognosis. We assessed the contribution of cytokine stimuli to induce surface B7x expression on cancer cells and the role of tumor-expressed B7x in a murine pulmonary metastasis model, and finally evaluated the potential interaction between B7x and Neuropilin-1, a suggested potential cognate receptor. We showed that pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-10 did not induce expression of B7x on human or murine cancer cells. Following i.v. injection of CT26, a murine colon cancer cell line in the BALB/c background, we observed a significant increase in tumor burden in the lung of B7x-expressing CT26 mice compared to B7x-negative parental CT26 control mice. This was marked by a significant increase in M2 tumor associated macrophages and antigen-specific CD8 T cell exhaustion. Finally, we found through multiple systems that there was no evidence for B7x and Neuropilin-1 direct interaction. Thus, the B7x pathway has an essential role in modulating the innate and adaptive immune cell infiltrate in the tumor microenvironment with its currently unknown cognate receptor(s).
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Li G, Qin Z, Chen Z, Xie L, Wang R, Zhao H. Tumor Microenvironment in Treatment of Glioma. Open Med (Wars) 2017; 12:247-251. [PMID: 28828406 PMCID: PMC5558106 DOI: 10.1515/med-2017-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most malignant and fatal tumors in adults. Researchers and physicians endeavor to improve clinical efficacy towards it but made little achievement. In recent years, people have made advances in understanding characteristics and functions of tumor microenvironment and its role in different processes of tumor. In this paper, we describe the effects of tumor microenvironment on glioma proliferation, invasion and treatments. By explaining underlying mechanisms and enumerating new therapy strategies employing tumor microenvironment, we aim to provide novel ideas to improve clinical outcomes of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130033, China
| | - Zhigang Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130033, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130033, China
| | - Lijuan Xie
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130033, China
| | - Ren Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Fusong County of Jilin Province, Fusong134500, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130033, China
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Che F, Yin J, Quan Y, Xie X, Heng X, Du Y, Wang L. TLR4 interaction with LPS in glioma CD133+ cancer stem cells induces cell proliferation, resistance to chemotherapy and evasion from cytotoxic T lymphocyte-induced cytolysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53495-53507. [PMID: 28881826 PMCID: PMC5581125 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in treatment modalities, 5-year survival among glioma patients remains poor. Glioma cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit high tumorigenic activity and are associated with resistance to treatment and tumor recurrence. Because overexpression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) correlated with cancer development, we investigated LPS-induced TLR4 signaling in glioma CD133-positive (CD133+) CSCs. The proliferation of CD133+ CSCs isolated from CSCs derived from the U251 and SF295 glioma cell lines and from human glioma samples was upregulated on a time- and concentration-dependent basis by LPS stimulation, with increases in CD133, NANOG, and NESTIN mRNA and protein levels. Also elevated was cytokine expression, which was coupled to phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, and activation of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase complexes. TLR4 knockdown reduced LPS-induced CD133+ CSC proliferation, whereas Adriamycin-induced CD133+ CSC apoptosis was moderately inhibited by treatment with LPS, implying a protective effect of LPS. The capacity of glioma CD133+ CSC-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte to selectively kill CD133+ CSCs was reduced by LPS, and this effect was not apparent after TLR4 knockdown in CD133+ CSCs. These data suggest TLR4 signaling is a factor in CD133+ CSC immune evasion, and thus disruption of TLR4 signaling is a potential therapeutic strategy in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Che
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiawei Yin
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanchun Quan
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xueyuan Heng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Hematology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
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Diao W, Lu L, Li S, Chen J, Zen K, Li L. MicroRNA-125b-5p modulates the inflammatory state of macrophages via targeting B7-H4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:912-918. [PMID: 28754594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
As a newly identified negative costimulatory molecule of B7 family, B7-H4 suppresses T cell function via inhibiting cell proliferation and cytokine secretion. Although B7-H4 mRNA is widely distributed in various tissues, its protein expression is strongly limited, suggesting B7-H4 may be regulated post-transcriptionally. However, the mechanism underlying the inducement of B7-H4 expression remains unclear. In the present study, we identified specific targeting sites for miR-125b-5p in the 3'-UTR of B7-H4 gene, and showed that overexpression of miR-125b-5p downregulated B7-H4 expression in macrophages. We also demonstrated that in the activated macrophages, B7-H4 expression could be significantly induced by dexamethasone treatment post-transcriptionally, and that the induction of B7-H4 expression was accomplished by inversely correlated alteration of miR-125b-5p level. Additionally, our data showed that the inflammatory state of macrophages was enhanced by miR-125b-5p at least partially via targeting B7-H4. Taken together, our results demonstrated for the first time that miR-125b-5p could regulate the inflammatory state of macrophages via directly targeting B7-H4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Lin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Jiangning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China.
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China.
| | - Limin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China.
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Liu J, Liu Y, Chen J, Hu C, Teng M, Jiao K, Shen Z, Zhu D, Yue J, Li Z, Li Y. The ROS-mediated activation of IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway is involved in the 27-hydroxycholesterol-induced cellular senescence in nerve cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 45:10-18. [PMID: 28739487 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The oxysterol 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERMs), which like endogenous estrogen 17β-estradiol (E2) induces the proliferation of ER-positive breast cancer cells in vitro. Interestingly, the observation that 27HC induces adverse effects in neural system, distinguishing it from E2. It has been suggested that high levels of circulating cholesterol increase the entry of 27HC into the brain, which may induce learning and memory impairment. Based on this evidence, 27HC may be associated with neurodegenerative processes and interrupted cholesterol homeostasis in the brain. However, the biological events that participate in this process remain largely elusive. In the present study, we demonstrated that 27HC induced apparent cellular senescence in nerve cells. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) assay revealed that 27HC induced senescence in both BV2 cells and PC12 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that 27HC promoted the accumulation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in nerve cells and subsequently activation of IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Notably, treatment with the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) markedly blocked 27HC-induced ROS production and activation of IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Either blocking the generation of ROS or inhibition of IL-6/STAT3 both attenuated 27HC-induced cellular senescence. In sum, these findings not only suggested a mechanism whereby 27HC induced cellular senescence in nerve cells, but also helped to recognize the 27HC as a novel harmful factor in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Mengying Teng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Kailin Jiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhaoxia Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Dongmei Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jia Yue
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medical, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Izraely S, Ben-Menachem S, Sagi-Assif O, Meshel T, Marzese DM, Ohe S, Zubrilov I, Pasmanik-Chor M, Hoon DSB, Witz IP. ANGPTL4 promotes the progression of cutaneous melanoma to brain metastasis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75778-75796. [PMID: 29100268 PMCID: PMC5652662 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In an ongoing effort to identify molecular determinants regulating melanoma brain metastasis, we previously identified Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) as a component of the molecular signature of such metastases. The aim of this study was to determine the functional significance of ANGPTL4 in the shaping of melanoma malignancy phenotype, especially in the establishment of brain metastasis. We confirmed that ANGPTL4 expression is significantly higher in cells metastasizing to the brain than in cells from the cutaneous (local) tumor from the same melanoma in a nude mouse xenograft model, and also in paired clinical specimens of melanoma metastases than in primary melanomas from the same patients. In vitro experiments indicated that brain-derived soluble factors and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) up-regulated ANGPTL4 expression by melanoma cells. Forced over-expression of ANGPTL4 in cutaneous melanoma cells promoted their ability to adhere and transmigrate brain endothelial cells. Over-expressing ANGPTL4 in cells derived from brain metastases resulted in the opposite effects. In vivo data indicated that forced overexpression of ANGPTL4 promoted the tumorigenicity of cutaneous melanoma cells but did not increase their ability to form brain metastasis. This finding can be explained by inhibitory activities of brain-derived soluble factors. Taken together these findings indicate that ANGPTL4 promotes the malignancy phenotype of primary melanomas of risk to metastasize to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Izraely
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomit Ben-Menachem
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Sagi-Assif
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Diego M Marzese
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Shuichi Ohe
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Inna Zubrilov
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Metsada Pasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dave S B Hoon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Isaac P Witz
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Shen L, Qian Y, Wu W, Weng T, Wang FXC, Hong B, Wu Z, Wang Q, Sang Y, Zhang H, Zhou X, Yao H. B7-H4 is a prognostic biomarker for poor survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. Hum Pathol 2017; 66:79-85. [PMID: 28600225 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
B7-H4 belongs to the immune costimulatory B7 family and is thought to negatively regulate T-cell-mediated immunity, and may contribute an important role in tumor immune evasion. Although the expression of B7-H4 has been observed in human pancreatic cancer, the prognostic significance of this expression is poorly understood. This present study explored the prognostic value of B7-H4 in pancreatic cancer. Patients with pancreatic cancer and healthy controls were recruited at the Second Affiliated Hospital to Zhejiang University from January 2011 to December 2014. Expression of B7-H4 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that B7-H4 was expressed in 100% (188/188) of the pancreatic cancer tumor tissue samples, while only in 68% (17/25) of normal pancreatic tissue samples. Furthermore, the expression levels of B7-H4 in pancreatic cancer patients were significantly higher than in controls (P<.01). A significant difference in B7-H4 expression was observed between patients with late tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (III and IV) and early TNM stage (I and II) (P<.01). The expression of B7-H4 was associated with distant metastasis (P<.01) and differentiation (P<.01). In addition, B7-H4 expression (P<.01), distant metastasis (P<.01), TNM stage (P<.01), differentiation (P<.01) and chemotherapy treatment (P<.05) were indicators of poor overall survival time. Multivariate survival analysis indicated that B7-H4 expression, distant metastasis, and chemotherapy treatment (P<.05) were independent prognostic indicators of poor overall survival. In conclusion, B7-H4 is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer, and is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. B7-H4 may represent an immunotherapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwei Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Weigen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Tianhao Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Frederick X C Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, TX 79106, USA
| | - Bo Hong
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yiwen Sang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xinhui Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Hangping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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129
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Avalle L, Camporeale A, Camperi A, Poli V. STAT3 in cancer: A double edged sword. Cytokine 2017; 98:42-50. [PMID: 28579221 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 is activated downstream of cytokines, growth factors and oncogenes to mediate their functions under both physiological and pathological conditions. In particular, aberrant/unrestrained STAT3 activity is detected in a wide variety of tumors, driving multiple pro-oncogenic functions. For that, STAT3 is widely considered as an oncogene and is the object of intense translational studies. One of the distinctive features of this factor is however, its ability to elicit different and sometimes contrasting effects under different conditions. In particular, STAT3 activities have been shown to be either pro-oncogenic or tumor-suppressive according to the tumor aetiology/mutational landscape, suggesting that the molecular bases underlining its functions are still incompletely understood. Here we discuss some of the properties that may provide the bases to explain STAT3 heterogeneous functions, and in particular how post-translational modifications contribute shaping its sub-cellular localization and activities, the cross talk between these activities and cell metabolic conditions, and finally how its functions can control the behaviour of both tumor and tumor microenvironment cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Avalle
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Annalisa Camporeale
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Camperi
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Poli
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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130
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MacGregor HL, Ohashi PS. Molecular Pathways: Evaluating the Potential for B7-H4 as an Immunoregulatory Target. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:2934-2941. [PMID: 28325750 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the clinical success of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade in treating malignancies, there is tremendous interest in finding new ways to augment antitumor responses by targeting other inhibitory molecules. In this review, we describe one such molecule. B7-H4, a member of the B7 family of immunoregulatory proteins, inhibits T cell proliferation and cytokine production through ligation of an unknown receptor expressed by activated T cells. Notably, B7-H4 protein expression is observed in a high proportion of patients' tumors across a wide variety of malignancies. This high expression by tumors in combination with its low or absent protein expression in normal tissues makes B7-H4 an attractive immunotherapeutic target. Preclinical investigation into B7-H4-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, antibody-mediated blockade of B7-H4, and anti-B7-H4 drug conjugates has shown antitumor efficacy in mouse models. The first clinical trials have been completed to assess the safety and efficacy of a B7-H4 fusion protein in ameliorating rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); 2934-41. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L MacGregor
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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131
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ni
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
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132
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Janakiram M, Shah UA, Liu W, Zhao A, Schoenberg MP, Zang X. The third group of the B7-CD28 immune checkpoint family: HHLA2, TMIGD2, B7x, and B7-H3. Immunol Rev 2017; 276:26-39. [PMID: 28258693 PMCID: PMC5338461 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The B7-CD28 family of ligands and receptors play important roles in T-cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition. Phylogenetically they can be divided into three groups. The recent discovery of the new molecules (B7-H3 [CD276], B7x [B7-H4/B7S1], and HHLA2 [B7H7/B7-H5]/TMIGD2 [IGPR-1/CD28H]) of the group III has expanded therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of human diseases. In this review, we describe the discovery, structure, and function of B7-H3, B7x, HHLA2, and TMIGD2 in immune regulation. We also discuss their roles in important pathological states such as cancers, autoimmune diseases, transplantation, and infection. Various immunotherapeutical approaches are emerging including antagonistic monoclonal antibodies and agonistic fusion proteins to inhibit or potentiate these molecules and pathways in cancers and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Janakiram
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Urvi A Shah
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aimin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mark P Schoenberg
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xingxing Zang
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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133
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Ouédraogo ZG, Biau J, Kemeny JL, Morel L, Verrelle P, Chautard E. Role of STAT3 in Genesis and Progression of Human Malignant Gliomas. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5780-5797. [PMID: 27660268 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is aberrantly activated in glioblastoma and has been identified as a relevant therapeutic target in this disease and many other human cancers. After two decades of intensive research, there is not yet any approved STAT3-based glioma therapy. In addition to the canonical activation by tyrosine 705 phosphorylation, concordant reports described a potential therapeutic relevance of other post-translational modifications including mainly serine 727 phosphorylation. Such reports reinforce the need to refine the strategy of targeting STAT3 in each concerned disease. This review focuses on the role of serine 727 and tyrosine 705 phosphorylation of STAT3 in glioma. It explores their contribution to glial cell transformation and to the mechanisms that make glioma escape to both immune control and standard treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zangbéwendé Guy Ouédraogo
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre Jean Perrin, EA7283 CREaT - Université d'Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, F-63000-63011, Clermont Ferrand, France.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, de Toxicologie et de Chimie Thérapeutique, Université de Ouagadougou, 03, Ouagadougou, BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Julian Biau
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre Jean Perrin, EA7283 CREaT - Université d'Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, F-63000-63011, Clermont Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Institut Curie, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Louis Kemeny
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Anatomopathologie, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Morel
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise-Pascal, GReD, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, 24 Avenue des Landais BP80026, 63171, Aubière, France
| | - Pierre Verrelle
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre Jean Perrin, EA7283 CREaT - Université d'Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, F-63000-63011, Clermont Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Institut Curie, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuel Chautard
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,Département de Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre Jean Perrin, EA7283 CREaT - Université d'Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, F-63000-63011, Clermont Ferrand, France.
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