101
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Perretti M, Norling LV. Actions of SPM in regulating host responses in arthritis. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 58:57-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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102
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Chiang N, Serhan CN. Structural elucidation and physiologic functions of specialized pro-resolving mediators and their receptors. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 58:114-129. [PMID: 28336292 PMCID: PMC5623601 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The acute inflammatory response is host-protective to contain foreign invaders. Many of today's pharmacopeia that block pro-inflammatory chemical mediators can cause serious unwanted side effects such as immune suppression. Uncontrolled inflammation is now considered a pathophysiologic basis associated with many widely occurring diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, obesity and asthma, as well as the classic inflammatory diseases, e.g. arthritis, periodontal diseases. The inflammatory response is designated to be a self-limited process that produces a superfamily of chemical mediators that stimulate resolution of inflammatory responses. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPM) uncovered in recent years are endogenous mediators that include omega-3-derived families resolvins, protectins and maresins, as well as arachidonic acid-derived (n-6) lipoxins that stimulate and promote resolution of inflammation, clearance of microbes, reduce pain and promote tissue regeneration via novel mechanisms. Here, we review recent evidence from human and preclinical animal studies, together with the structural and functional elucidation of SPM indicating the SPM as physiologic mediators and pharmacologic agonists that stimulate resolution of inflammation and infection. These results suggest that it is time to develop immunoresolvents as agonists for testing resolution pharmacology in nutrition and health as well as in human diseases and during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chiang
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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103
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Wang RX, Colgan SP. Special pro-resolving mediator (SPM) actions in regulating gastro-intestinal inflammation and gut mucosal immune responses. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 58:93-101. [PMID: 28232096 PMCID: PMC5797700 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Surfaces covered by epithelial cells, termed mucosal surfaces, serve special functions as selectively permeable barriers that partition the host and the outside world. Given its close association to microbial antigens, the intestinal mucosa has evolved creative mechanisms to maintain homeostasis, to prevent excessive inflammatory responses, and to promote rapid and full inflammatory resolution. In recent years, an active role for the epithelium has been attributed to the local generation of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) in the maintenance of immunological homeostasis. In this brief review, we highlight evidence that the epithelium actively contributes to coordination and resolution of inflammation, principally through the generation of SPMs. These autacoids are derived from omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Acting through widely expressed G-protein coupled receptors, SPMs are implicated in the resolution of acute inflammation that manifests specific, epithelial-directed actions focused on mucosal-homeostasis, including regulation of leukocyte trafficking, the generation of antimicrobial peptides, the dampening of endotoxin signaling, and the attenuation of mucosal cytokine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth X Wang
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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104
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Armed for destruction: formation, function and trafficking of neutrophil granules. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:455-471. [PMID: 29185068 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils respond nearly instantly to infection, rapidly deploying a potent enzymatic and chemical arsenal immediately upon entering an infected site. This capacity for rapid and potent responses is endowed by stores of antimicrobial proteins contained in readily mobilizable granules. These granules contain the proteins necessary to mediate the recruitment, chemotaxis, antimicrobial function and NET formation of neutrophils. Four granule types exist, and are sequentially deployed as neutrophils enter infected sites. Secretory vesicles are released first, enabling recruitment of neutrophils out of the blood. Next, specific and gelatinase granules are released to enable neutrophil migration and begin the formation of an antimicrobial environment. Finally, azurophilic granules release potent antimicrobial proteins at the site of infection and into phagosomes. The step-wise mobilization of these granules is regulated by calcium signaling, while specific trafficking regulators and membrane fusion complexes ensure the delivery of granules to the correct subcellular site. In this review, we describe neutrophil granules from their formation through to their deployment at the site of infection, focusing on recent developments in our understanding of the signaling pathways and vesicular trafficking mechanisms which mediate neutrophil degranulation.
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105
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A regulatory role for β-adrenergic receptors regarding the resolvin D1 (RvD1) pathway in the diabetic retina. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185383. [PMID: 29095817 PMCID: PMC5667888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a visually debilitating disease with limited treatment options available. Compound 49b, a β-adrenergic receptor agonist, has been demonstrated to effectively reduce disease pathogenesis associated with diabetic retinopathy. While the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, previous studies have determined that it reduces the pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, and inhibits apoptosis of the retinal microvasculture. As inflammation becomes more recognized in driving disease pathogenesis, so does the regulation by pro-resolving pathways as therapeutic points of intervention. The current study sought to explore whether Compound 49b had any influence on pro-resolving pathways, thus contributing to improved disease outcome. Using in vivo (animal model of type 1 diabetes) and in vitro (retinal endothelial cells, Müller cells, neutrophils/PMN) techniques, it was determined that high glucose lowers pro-resolving lipid mediator, resolvin D1 (RvD1) levels and differentially alters required enzymes, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), 15-LOX-1 and 15-LOX-2. RvD1 receptors formyl peptide receptor 2 (ALX/FPR2) and G-protein coupled receptor 32 (GPR32) were also downregulated in response to hyperglycemic conditions. Moreover, it was observed that β-adrenergic receptor activation restored high glucose-induced decreases in both enzyme activity and RvD1 levels observed in vivo and in vitro. The current study is the first to describe a regulatory role for β-adrenergic receptors on pro-resolving pathways.
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106
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Dalli J, Serhan CN. Pro-Resolving Mediators in Regulating and Conferring Macrophage Function. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1400. [PMID: 29163481 PMCID: PMC5671941 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are central in coordinating the host response to both sterile and infective insults. Clearance of apoptotic cells and cellular debris is a key biological action preformed by macrophages that paves the way to the resolution of local inflammation, repair and regeneration of damaged tissues, and re-establishment of function. The essential fatty acid-derived autacoids termed specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) play central roles in promoting these processes. In the present article, we will review the role of microvesicles in controlling macrophage efferocytosis and SPM production. We will also discuss the role of both apoptotic cells and microvesicles in providing substrate for transcellular biosynthesis of several SPM families during efferocyotsis. In addition, this article will discuss the biological actions of the recently uncovered macrophage-derived SPM termed maresins. These mediators are produced via 14-lipoxygenation of docosahexaenoic acid that is either enzymatically converted to mediators carrying two hydroxyl groups or to autacoids that are peptide-lipid conjugates, coined maresin conjugates in tissue regeneration. The formation of these mediators is temporally regulated during acute self-limited infectious-inflammation where they promote the uptake and clearance of apoptotic cells, regulate several aspects of the tissue repair and regeneration, and display potent anti-nociceptive actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesmond Dalli
- Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Kimura H, Suzuki M, Konno S, Shindou H, Shimizu T, Nagase T, Miyazaki T, Nishimura M. Orchestrating Role of Apoptosis Inhibitor of Macrophage in the Resolution of Acute Lung Injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3870-3882. [PMID: 29070674 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate resolution of inflammation is known to be essential in tissue homeostasis. In this study, we evaluated the significance of a macrophage-derived soluble protein, apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM), in LPS-induced lung injury in mice. After oropharyngeal administration of LPS, the level of free-form serum AIM increased on days 2-4, accompanied by the resolution of inflammation, which was observed in the cellular profile of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In an experiment using wild-type (WT) and AIM-/- mice, the resolution of inflammation was accelerated in AIM-/- mice when compared with the WT mice, which was reversed when recombinant AIM protein was administered. The changes in the histopathological findings and inflammatory mediators followed similar trends, and the ratio of apoptotic cells was increased in AIM-/- mice when compared with the WT mice. In vitro analysis showed that macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils was suppressed in the presence of AIM, indicating that anti-resolution property of AIM involves efferocytosis inhibition. In lipidomic analysis of lung tissues, the levels of several lipid mediators increased markedly when LPS was given to WT mice. However, in AIM-/- mice, the concentrations of these lipid mediators were not significantly upregulated by LPS. These data reflect the significant role of AIM in lipid metabolism; it may suppress lipid metabolites at baseline, and then produce an inflammatory/pathologic pattern in the event of LPS-induced lung injury. Taken together, AIM may play an orchestrating role in the resolution process of inflammation by altering the profile of pulmonary lipid mediators in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kimura
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Medical Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Masaru Suzuki
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; .,Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Medical Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Satoshi Konno
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.,Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Medical Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Medical Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.,Department of Lipid Signaling, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.,Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; and
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toru Miyazaki
- Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Medical Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nishimura
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.,Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Medical Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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108
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Lippestad M, Hodges RR, Utheim TP, Serhan CN, Dartt DA. Resolvin D1 Increases Mucin Secretion in Cultured Rat Conjunctival Goblet Cells via Multiple Signaling Pathways. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:4530-4544. [PMID: 28892824 PMCID: PMC5595227 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Goblet cells in the conjunctiva secrete mucin into the tear film protecting the ocular surface. The proresolution mediator resolvin D1 (RvD1) regulates mucin secretion to maintain homeostasis during physiological conditions and in addition, actively terminates inflammation. We determined the signaling mechanisms used by RvD1 in cultured rat conjunctival goblet cells to increase intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) and induce glycoconjugate secretion. Methods Increase in [Ca2+]i were measured using fura 2/AM and glycoconjugate secretion determined using an enzyme-linked lectin assay with the lectin Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin 1. Signaling pathways activated by RvD1 were studied after goblet cells were pretreated with signaling pathway inhibitors before stimulation with RvD1. The results were compared with results when goblet cells were stimulated with RvD1 alone and percent inhibition calculated. Results The increase in [Ca2+]i stimulated by RvD1 was blocked by inhibitors to phospholipases (PL-) -D, -C, -A2, protein kinase C (PKC), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase (Ca2+/CamK). Glycoconjugate secretion was significantly inhibited by PLD, -C, -A2, ERK1/2 and Ca2+/CamK, but not PKC. Conclusions We conclude that RvD1 increases glycoconjugate secretion from goblet cells via multiple signaling pathways including PLC, PLD, and PLA2, as well as their signaling components ERK1/2 and Ca2+/CamK to preserve the mucous layer and maintain homeostasis by protecting the eye from desiccating stress, allergens, and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Lippestad
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robin R Hodges
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Tor P Utheim
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Darlene A Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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109
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Dakin SG, Ly L, Colas RA, Oppermann U, Wheway K, Watkins B, Dalli J, Carr AJ. Increased 15-PGDH expression leads to dysregulated resolution responses in stromal cells from patients with chronic tendinopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11009. [PMID: 28887458 PMCID: PMC5591234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underpinning the failure of inflammation to resolve in diseased musculoskeletal soft tissues are unknown. Herein, we studied bioactive lipid mediator (LM) profiles of tendon-derived stromal cells isolated from healthy donors and patients with chronic tendinopathy. Interleukin(IL)-1β treatment markedly induced prostaglandin biosynthesis in diseased compared to healthy tendon cells, and up regulated the formation of several pro-resolving mediators including 15-epi-LXA4 and MaR1. Incubation of IL-1β stimulated healthy tendon cells with 15-epi-LXA4 or MaR1 down-regulated PGE2 and PGD2 production. When these mediators were incubated with diseased cells, we only found a modest down regulation in prostanoid concentrations, whereas it led to significant decreases in IL-6 and Podoplanin expression. In diseased tendon cells, we also found increased 15-Prostaglandin Dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) expression as well as increased concentrations of both 15-epi-LXA4 and MaR1 further metabolites, 15-oxo-LXA4 and 14-oxo-MaR1. Inhibition of 15-PGDH using either indomethacin or SW033291 significantly reduced the further conversion of 15-epi-LXA4 and MaR1 and regulated expression of IL-6, PDPN and STAT-1. Taken together these results suggest that chronic inflammation in musculoskeletal soft tissues may result from dysregulated LM-SPM production, and that inhibition of 15-PGDH activity together with promoting resolution using SPM represents a novel therapeutic strategy to resolve chronic tendon inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie G Dakin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD, UK.
| | - Lucy Ly
- Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Romain A Colas
- Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD, UK.,Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Kim Wheway
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Bridget Watkins
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Andrew J Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD, UK
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Perucci LO, Sugimoto MA, Gomes KB, Dusse LM, Teixeira MM, Sousa LP. Annexin A1 and specialized proresolving lipid mediators: promoting resolution as a therapeutic strategy in human inflammatory diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:879-896. [PMID: 28786708 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1364363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The timely resolution of inflammation is essential to restore tissue homeostasis and to avoid chronic inflammatory diseases. Resolution of inflammation is an active process modulated by various proresolving mediators, including annexin A1 (AnxA1) and specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs), which counteract excessive inflammatory responses and stimulate proresolving mechanisms. Areas covered: The protective effects of AnxA1 and SPMs have been extensively explored in pre-clinical animal models. However, studies investigating the function of these molecules in human diseases are just emerging. This review highlights recent advances on the role of proresolving mediators, and pharmacological opportunities of promoting resolution pathways in preclinical models and patients with various human diseases. Expert opinion: Dysregulation or 'failure' in proresolving mechanisms might be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. Altered levels of proresolving mediators were found in a wide range of human diseases. In some cases, AnxA1 and SPMs are up-regulated in human blood and tissues but fail to engage in proresolving signaling and, hence, to regulate excessive inflammation. Thus, the new concept of 'resolution pharmacology' could be applied to compensate deficiency of endogenous proresolving mediators' generation and/or possible failures in the engagement of resolution pathways observed in many chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Oliveira Perucci
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Michelle Amantéa Sugimoto
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil.,c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Karina Braga Gomes
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Luci Maria Dusse
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil.,c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- d Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Lirlândia Pires Sousa
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil.,c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
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Gao Y, Zhang H, Luo L, Lin J, Li D, Zheng S, Huang H, Yan S, Yang J, Hao Y, Li H, Gao Smith F, Jin S. Resolvin D1 Improves the Resolution of Inflammation via Activating NF-κB p50/p50-Mediated Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 199:ji1700315. [PMID: 28794232 PMCID: PMC5583748 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe illness characterized by uncontrolled inflammation. The resolution of inflammation is a tightly regulated event controlled by endogenous mediators, such as resolvin D1 (RvD1). Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been reported to promote inflammation, along with PGE2, in the initiation of inflammation, as well as in prompting resolution, with PGD2 acting in the later phase of inflammation. Our previous work demonstrated that RvD1 enhanced COX-2 and PGD2 expression to resolve inflammation. In this study, we investigated mechanisms underlying the effect of RvD1 in modulating proresolving COX-2 expression. In a self-limited ARDS model, an LPS challenge induced the biphasic activation of COX-2, and RvD1 promoted COX-2 expression during the resolution phase. However, it was significantly blocked by treatment of a NF-κB inhibitor. In pulmonary fibroblasts, NF-κB p50/p50 was shown to be responsible for the proresolving activity of COX-2. Additionally, RvD1 potently promoted p50 homodimer nuclear translocation and robustly triggered DNA-binding activity, upregulating COX-2 expression via lipoxin A4 receptor/formyl peptide receptor 2. Finally, the absence of p50 in knockout mice prevented RvD1 from promoting COX-2 and PGD2 expression and resulted in excessive pulmonary inflammation. In conclusion, RvD1 expedites the resolution of inflammation through activation of lipoxin A4 receptor/formyl peptide receptor 2 receptor and NF-κB p50/p50-COX-2 signaling pathways, indicating that RvD1 might have therapeutic potential in the management of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Gao
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China; and
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China; and
| | - Lingchun Luo
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China; and
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China; and
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China; and
| | - Sisi Zheng
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China; and
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China; and
| | - Songfan Yan
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China; and
| | - Jingxiang Yang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China; and
| | - Yu Hao
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China; and
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China; and
| | - Fang Gao Smith
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China; and
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2WB, United Kingdom
| | - Shengwei Jin
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China; and
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Wu B, Mottola G, Schaller M, Upchurch GR, Conte MS. Resolution of vascular injury: Specialized lipid mediators and their evolving therapeutic implications. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 58:72-82. [PMID: 28765077 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute vascular injury occurs in a number of important clinical contexts, including spontaneous disease-related events (e.g. plaque rupture, thrombosis) and therapeutic interventions such as angioplasty, stenting, or bypass surgery. Endothelial cell (EC) disruption exposes the underlying matrix, leading to a rapid deposition of platelets, coagulation proteins, and leukocytes. A thrombo-inflammatory response ensues characterized by leukocyte recruitment, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) activation, and the elaboration of cytokines, reactive oxygen species and growth factors within the vessel wall. A resolution phase of vascular injury may be described in which leukocyte efflux, clearance of debris, and re-endothelialization occurs. VSMC migration and proliferation leads to the development of a thickened neointima that may lead to lumen compromise. Subsequent remodeling involves matrix protein deposition, and return of EC and VSMC to quiescence. Recent studies suggest that specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPM) modulate key aspects of this response, and may constitute an endogenous homeostatic pathway in the vasculature. SPM exert direct effects on vascular cells that counteract inflammatory signals, reduce leukocyte adhesion, and inhibit VSMC migration and proliferation. These effects appear to be largely G-protein coupled receptor-dependent. Across a range of animal models of vascular injury, including balloon angioplasty, bypass grafting, and experimental aneurysm formation, SPM accelerate repair and reduce lesion formation. With bioactivity in the pM-nM range, a lack of discernible cytotoxicity, and a spectrum of vasculo-protective properties, SPM represent a novel class of vascular therapeutics. This review summarizes current research in this field, including a consideration of critical next steps and challenges in translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bian Wu
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Giorgio Mottola
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Melinda Schaller
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Gilbert R Upchurch
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Michael S Conte
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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113
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Oehler B, Mohammadi M, Perpina Viciano C, Hackel D, Hoffmann C, Brack A, Rittner HL. Peripheral Interaction of Resolvin D1 and E1 with Opioid Receptor Antagonists for Antinociception in Inflammatory Pain in Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:242. [PMID: 28824373 PMCID: PMC5541027 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antinociceptive pathways are activated in the periphery in inflammatory pain, for instance resolvins and opioid peptides. Resolvins are biosynthesized from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) and resolvin E1 (RvE1) initiate the resolution of inflammation and control of hypersensitivity via induction of anti-inflammatory signaling cascades. RvD1 binds to lipoxin A4/annexin-A1 receptor/formyl-peptide receptor 2 (ALX/FPR2), RvE1 to chemerin receptor 23 (ChemR23). Antinociception of RvD1 is mediated by interaction with transient receptor potential channels ankyrin 1 (TRPA1). Endogenous opioid peptides are synthesized and released from leukocytes in the tissue and bind to opioid receptors on nociceptor terminals. Here, we further explored peripheral mechanisms of RvD1 and chemerin (Chem), the ligand of ChemR23, in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced hindpaw inflammation in male Wistar rats. RvD1 and Chem ameliorated CFA-induced hypersensitivity in early and late inflammatory phases. This was prevented by peripheral blockade of the μ-opioid peptide receptor (MOR) using low dose local naloxone or by local injection of anti-β-endorphin and anti-met-enkephalin (anti-ENK) antibodies. Naloxone also hindered antinociception by the TRPA1 inhibitor HC-030031. RvD1 did not stimulate the release of β-endorphin from macrophages and neutrophils, nor did RvD1 itself activate G-proteins coupled MOR or initiate β-arrestin recruitment to the membrane. TRPA1 blockade by HC-030031 in inflammation in vivo as well as inhibition of the TRPA1-mediated calcium influx in dorsal root ganglia neurons in vitro was hampered by naloxone. Peripheral application of naloxone alone in vivo already lowered mechanical nociceptive thresholds. Therefore, either a perturbation of the balance of endogenous pro- and antinociceptive mechanisms in early and late inflammation, or an interaction of TRPA1 and opioid receptors weaken the antinociceptive potency of RvD1 and TRPA1 blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Oehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University Hospital of WuerzburgWuerzburg, Germany
| | - Milad Mohammadi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University Hospital of WuerzburgWuerzburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Perpina Viciano
- Bio-Imaging-Center/Rudolf-Virchow-Center, Institute of Pharmacology, University of WuerzburgWuerzburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Hackel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University Hospital of WuerzburgWuerzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Bio-Imaging-Center/Rudolf-Virchow-Center, Institute of Pharmacology, University of WuerzburgWuerzburg, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital JenaJena, Germany
| | - Alexander Brack
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University Hospital of WuerzburgWuerzburg, Germany
| | - Heike L Rittner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University Hospital of WuerzburgWuerzburg, Germany
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114
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Chatterjee A, Komshian S, Sansbury BE, Wu B, Mottola G, Chen M, Spite M, Conte MS. Biosynthesis of proresolving lipid mediators by vascular cells and tissues. FASEB J 2017; 31:3393-3402. [PMID: 28442547 PMCID: PMC6207217 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700082r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) generated from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can modulate the vascular injury response. However, cellular sources for these autacoids within the vessel wall remain unclear. Here, we investigated whether isolated vascular cells and tissues can produce SPMs and assessed expression and subcellular localization of the key SPM biosynthetic enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) in vascular cells. Intact human arteries incubated with DHA ex vivo produced 17-hydroxy DHA (17-HDHA) and D-series resolvins, as assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Addition of 17-HDHA to human arteries similarly increased resolvin production. Primary cultures of human saphenous vein endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) converted 17-HDHA to SPMs, including resolvin D1 (RvD1) and other D-series resolvins and protectins. This was accompanied by a rapid translocation of 5-LOX from nucleus to cytoplasm in both ECs and VSMCs, potentially facilitating SPM biosynthesis. Conditioned medium from cells exposed to 17-HDHA inhibited monocyte adhesion to TNF-α-stimulated EC monolayers. These downstream effects were partially reversed by antibodies against the RvD1 receptors ALX/FPR2 and GPR32. These results suggest that autocrine and/or paracrine signaling via locally generated SPMs in the vasculature may represent a novel homeostatic mechanism of relevance to vascular health and disease.-Chatterjee, A., Komshian, S., Sansbury, B. E., Wu, B., Mottola, G., Chen, M., Spite, M., Conte, M. S. Biosynthesis of proresolving lipid mediators by vascular cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuran Chatterjee
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sevan Komshian
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian E Sansbury
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bian Wu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Giorgio Mottola
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mian Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Matthew Spite
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael S Conte
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA;
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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115
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Abstract
Macrophages and neutrophils orchestrate acute inflammation and host defense as well as the resolution phase and return to homeostasis. In this article, we review the contribution of macrophages to local lipid mediator (LM) levels and the regulation of macrophage LM profiles by polymorphonuclear neutrophils and neutrophil-derived microparticles. We carried out LM metabololipidomics, profiling distinct phagocytes: neutrophils (PMNs), apoptotic PMNs, and macrophages. Efferocytosis increased specialized proresolving mediator (SPM) biosynthesis, including resolvin D1 (RvD1), RvD2, and RvE2, which were further elevated by PMN microparticles. In studies using deuterium-labeled precursors (d8-arachidonic acid, d5-eicosapentaenoic acid, and d5-docosahexaenoic acid), apoptotic PMNs and microparticles contributed to SPM biosynthesis during efferocytosis. Assessment of macrophage LM profiles in M2 macrophages demonstrated higher SPM levels in this macrophage subset, including maresin 1 (MaR1), and lower amounts of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and prostaglandins than in M1. Apoptotic PMN uptake by both macrophage subtypes led to modulation of their LM profiles. LTB4 was downregulated in M2, whereas SPMs including lipoxin A4 were increased. Conversely, uptake of apoptotic PMNs by M2 macrophages reduced (∼25%) overall LMs. MaR1 displays potent tissue-regenerative and antinociceptive actions in addition to its proresolving and anti-inflammatory actions. In addition, the MaR1 biosynthetic intermediate 13S,14S-epoxy-maresin is also bioactive, inhibiting LTB4 biosynthesis and switching macrophage phenotypes from M1 to M2. Together, these results establish LM signature profiles of human phagocytes and related subpopulations. They demonstrate microparticle regulation of macrophage-specific endogenous LMs during defined stages of acute inflammation and their dynamic changes in human primary phagocytes.
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116
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Sansbury BE, Spite M. Resolution of Acute Inflammation and the Role of Resolvins in Immunity, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. Circ Res 2017; 119:113-30. [PMID: 27340271 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.307308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a host-protective response that is mounted in response to tissue injury and infection. Initiated and perpetuated by exogenous and endogenous mediators, acute inflammation must be resolved for tissue repair to proceed and for homeostasis to be restored. Resolution of inflammation is an actively regulated process governed by an array of mediators as diverse as those that initiate inflammation. Among these, resolvins have emerged as a genus of evolutionarily conserved proresolving mediators that act on specific cellular receptors to regulate leukocyte trafficking and blunt production of inflammatory mediators, while also promoting clearance of dead cells and tissue repair. Given that chronic unresolved inflammation is emerging as a central causative factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases, an understanding of the endogenous processes that govern normal resolution of acute inflammation is critical for determining why sterile maladaptive cardiovascular inflammation perpetuates. Here, we provide an overview of the process of resolution with a focus on the enzymatic biosynthesis and receptor-dependent actions of resolvins and related proresolving mediators in immunity, thrombosis, and vascular biology. We discuss how nutritional and current therapeutic approaches modulate resolution and propose that harnessing resolution concepts could potentially lead to the development of new approaches for treating chronic cardiovascular inflammation in a manner that is not host disruptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Sansbury
- From the Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew Spite
- From the Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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117
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Perretti M, Di Filippo C, D’Amico M, Dalli J. Characterizing the anti-inflammatory and tissue protective actions of a novel Annexin A1 peptide. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175786. [PMID: 28407017 PMCID: PMC5391094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation in now appreciated to be at the centre of may diseases that affect Western civilization. Current therapeutics for managing these conditions may interfere with the host response leading to immune suppression. We recently developed an annexin (Anx) A1-derived peptide, coined CR-AnxA12-50, which displays potent pro-resolving and tissue protective actions. Herein, we designed a novel peptide using CR-AnxA12-50 as a template that was significantly more resistant to neutrophil-mediated degradation. This peptide, termed CR-AnxA12-48, retained high affinity and specificity to the pro-resolving Lipoxin A4 receptor (ALX) with an IC50 of ~20nM. CR-AnxA12-48 dose dependently (100fM-10nM) promoted the efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils, an action that was mediated by the murine orthologue of human ALX. The neutrophil-directed actions were also retained with human primary cells were CR-AnxA12-48 reduced human neutrophil recruitment to activated endothelial cells at concentrations as low as 100 pM. This protective action was mediated by human ALX, since incubation of neutrophils with an anti-ALX antibody reversed this anti-inflammatory actions of CR-AnxA12-48. Administration of this peptide to mice during dermal inflammation led to a significant and dose dependent decrease in neutrophil recruitment. This reduction in neutrophil numbers was more pronounced than that displayed by the parent peptide CR-AnxA12-50. CR-AnxA12-48 was also cardioprotecitve reducing infarct size and systemic chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 concentration following ischemia reperfusion injury. These findings identify CR-AnxA12-48 as a new ALX agonist that regulates phagocyte responses and displays tissue-protective actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Perretti
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clara Di Filippo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele D’Amico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
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118
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Gobbetti T, Dalli J, Colas RA, Federici Canova D, Aursnes M, Bonnet D, Alric L, Vergnolle N, Deraison C, Hansen TV, Serhan CN, Perretti M. Protectin D1 n-3 DPA and resolvin D5 n-3 DPA are effectors of intestinal protection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:3963-3968. [PMID: 28356517 PMCID: PMC5393238 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617290114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The resolution of inflammation is an active process orchestrated by specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPM) that limit the host response within the affected tissue; failure of effective resolution may lead to tissue injury. Because persistence of inflammatory signals is a main feature of chronic inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), herein we investigate expression and functions of SPM in intestinal inflammation. Targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based metabololipidomics was used to identify SPMs from n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in human IBD colon biopsies, quantifying a significant up-regulation of the resolvin and protectin pathway compared with normal gut tissue. Systemic treatment with protectin (PD)1n-3 DPA or resolvin (Rv)D5n-3 DPA protected against colitis and intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammation in mice. Inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase activity reduced PD1n-3 DPA and augmented intestinal inflammation in experimental colitis. Intravital microscopy of mouse mesenteric venules demonstrated that PD1n-3 DPA and RvD5n-3 DPA decreased the extent of leukocyte adhesion and emigration following ischemia-reperfusion. These data were translated by assessing human neutrophil-endothelial interactions under flow: PD1n-3 DPA and RvD5n-3 DPA reduced cell adhesion onto TNF-α-activated human endothelial monolayers. In conclusion, we propose that innovative therapies based on n-3 DPA-derived mediators could be developed to enable antiinflammatory and tissue protective effects in inflammatory pathologies of the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gobbetti
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
| | - Romain A Colas
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
| | - Donata Federici Canova
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Marius Aursnes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Delphine Bonnet
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Pole Digestif, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Pole Digestif, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Unit 1220, INSERM, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Unit 1416, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 31300 Toulouse, France
- École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), 31300 Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Celine Deraison
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Unit 1220, INSERM, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Unit 1416, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 31300 Toulouse, France
- École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), 31300 Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Trond V Hansen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
| | - Mauro Perretti
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom;
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119
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Serhan CN. Treating inflammation and infection in the 21st century: new hints from decoding resolution mediators and mechanisms. FASEB J 2017; 31:1273-1288. [PMID: 28087575 PMCID: PMC5349794 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601222r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Practitioners of ancient societies from the time of Hippocrates and earlier recognized and treated the signs of inflammation, heat, redness, swelling, and pain with agents that block or inhibit proinflammatory chemical mediators. More selective drugs are available today, but this therapeutic concept has not changed. Because the acute inflammatory response is host protective to contain foreign invaders, much of today's pharmacopeia can cause serious unwanted side effects, such as immune suppression. Uncontrolled inflammation is now considered pathophysiologic and is associated with many widely occurring diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, obesity, and asthma, as well as classic inflammatory diseases (e.g., arthritis and periodontal diseases). The inflammatory response, when self-limited, produces a superfamily of chemical mediators that stimulate resolution of the response. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), identified in recent years, are endogenous mediators that include the n-3-derived families resolvins, protectins, and maresins, as well as arachidonic acid-derived (n-6) lipoxins, which promote resolution of inflammation, clearance of microbes, reduction of pain, and promotion of tissue regeneration via novel mechanisms. Aspirin and statins have a positive impact on these resolution pathways, producing epimeric forms of specific SPMs, whereas other drugs can disrupt timely resolution. In this article, evidence from recent human and preclinical animal studies is reviewed, indicating that SPMs are physiologic mediators and pharmacologic agonists that stimulate resolution of inflammation and infection. The findings suggest that it is time to challenge current treatment practices-namely, using inhibitors and antagonists alone-and to develop immunoresolvents as agonists to test resolution pharmacology and their role in catabasis for their therapeutic potential.-Serhan, C. N. Treating inflammation and infection in the 21st century: new hints from decoding resolution mediators and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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120
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Zhao Q, Wu J, Lin Z, Hua Q, Zhang W, Ye L, Wu G, Du J, Xia J, Chu M, Hu X. Resolvin D1 Alleviates the Lung Ischemia Reperfusion Injury via Complement, Immunoglobulin, TLR4, and Inflammatory Factors in Rats. Inflammation 2017; 39:1319-33. [PMID: 27145782 PMCID: PMC4951504 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is still an unsolved medical issue, which negatively affects the prognosis of many lung diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of RvD1 on LIRI and the potential mechanisms involved. The results revealed that the levels of complement, immunoglobulin, cytokines, sICAM-1, MPO, MDA, CINC-1, MCP-1, ANXA-1, TLR4, NF-κBp65, apoptosis index, and pulmonary permeability index were increased, whereas the levels of SOD, GSH-PX activity, and oxygenation index were decreased in rats with LIRI. Except for ANXA-1, these responses induced by LIRI were significantly inhibited by RvD1 treatment. In addition, LIRI-induced structure damages of lung tissues were also alleviated by RvD1 as shown by H&E staining and transmission electron microscopy. The results suggest that RvD1 may play an important role in protection of LIRI via inhibition of complement, immunoglobulin, and neutrophil activation; down-regulation of TLR4/NF-κB; and the expression of a variety of inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Zhao
- The Children's Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Wu
- Wuhan Medical & Healthcare Center for Woman and Children, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Lin
- The Children's Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwang Hua
- The Children's Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixi Zhang
- The Children's Department of Respiration Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Leping Ye
- The Children's Department of Respiration Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Guowei Wu
- The Children's Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Du
- The Children's Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xia
- The Children's Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoping Chu
- The Children's Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Children's Heart Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingti Hu
- The Children's Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China.
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121
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Chattopadhyay R, Raghavan S, Rao GN. Resolvin D1 via prevention of ROS-mediated SHP2 inactivation protects endothelial adherens junction integrity and barrier function. Redox Biol 2017; 12:438-455. [PMID: 28319894 PMCID: PMC5357675 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Resolvins are a novel class of lipid mediators that play an important role in the resolution of inflammation, although the underlying mechanisms are not very clear. To explore the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of resolvins, we have studied the effects of resolvin D1 (RvD1) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial barrier disruption as it is linked to propagation of inflammation. We found that LPS induces endothelial cell (EC) barrier disruption via xanthine oxidase (XO)-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 inactivation and Fyn-related kinase (Frk) activation leading to tyrosine phosphorylation of α-catenin and VE-cadherin and their dissociation from each other affecting adherens junction (AJ) integrity and thereby increasing endothelial barrier permeability. RvD1 attenuated LPS-induced AJ disassembly and endothelial barrier permeability by arresting tyrosine phosphorylation of α-catenin and VE-cadherin and their dislocation from AJ via blockade of XO-mediated ROS production and thereby suppression of SHP2 inhibition and Frk activation. We have also found that the protective effects of RvD1 on EC barrier function involve ALX/FPR2 and GPR32 as inhibition or neutralization of these receptors negates its protective effects. LPS also increased XO activity, SHP2 cysteine oxidation and its inactivation, Frk activation, α-catenin and VE-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation and their dissociation from each other leading to AJ disruption with increased vascular permeability in mice arteries and RvD1 blocked all these effects. Thus, RvD1 protects endothelial AJ and its barrier function from disruption by inflammatory mediators such as LPS via a mechanism involving the suppression of XO-mediated ROS production and blocking SHP2 inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Chattopadhyay
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Somasundaram Raghavan
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Gadiparthi N Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Pascoal LB, Bombassaro B, Ramalho AF, Coope A, Moura RF, Correa-da-Silva F, Ignacio-Souza L, Razolli D, de Oliveira D, Catharino R, Velloso LA. Resolvin RvD2 reduces hypothalamic inflammation and rescues mice from diet-induced obesity. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:5. [PMID: 28086928 PMCID: PMC5234140 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation is an important mechanism leading to dysfunction of neurons involved in controlling body mass. Studies have shown that polyunsaturated fats can reduce hypothalamic inflammation. Here, we evaluated the presence and function of RvD2, a resolvin produced from docosahexaenoic acid, in the hypothalamus of mice. METHODS Male Swiss mice were fed either chow or a high-fat diet. RvD2 receptor and synthetic enzymes were evaluated by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. RvD2 was determined by mass spectrometry. Dietary and pharmacological approaches were used to modulate the RvD2 system in the hypothalamus, and metabolic phenotype consequences were determined. RESULTS All enzymes involved in the synthesis of RvD2 were detected in the hypothalamus and were modulated in response to the consumption of dietary saturated fats, leading to a reduction of hypothalamic RvD2. GPR18, the receptor for RvD2, which was detected in POMC and NPY neurons, was also modulated by dietary fats. The substitution of saturated by polyunsaturated fats in the diet resulted in increased hypothalamic RvD2, which was accompanied by reduced body mass and improved glucose tolerance. The intracerebroventricular treatment with docosahexaenoic acid resulted in increased expression of the RvD2 synthetic enzymes, increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and improved metabolic phenotype. Finally, intracerebroventricular treatment with RvD2 resulted in reduced adiposity, improved glucose tolerance and increased hypothalamic expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Thus, RvD2 is produced in the hypothalamus, and its receptor and synthetic enzymes are modulated by dietary fats. The improved metabolic outcomes of RvD2 make this substance an attractive approach to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia B Pascoal
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-761, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bombassaro
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-761, Brazil
| | - Albina F Ramalho
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-761, Brazil
| | - Andressa Coope
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-761, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F Moura
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-761, Brazil
| | - Felipe Correa-da-Silva
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-761, Brazil
| | - Leticia Ignacio-Souza
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-761, Brazil
| | - Daniela Razolli
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-761, Brazil
| | - Diogo de Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Catharino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-761, Brazil.
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Wang JCF, Strichartz GR. Prevention of Chronic Post-Thoracotomy Pain in Rats By Intrathecal Resolvin D1 and D2: Effectiveness of Perioperative and Delayed Drug Delivery. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2017; 18:535-545. [PMID: 28063958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thoracotomy results in a high frequency of chronic postoperative pain. Resolvins are endogenous molecules, synthesized and released by activated immune cells, effective against inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Different resolvins have differential actions on selective neuronal and glial receptors and enzymes. This article examines the ability of intrathecal resolvin D1 and resolvin D2 to reduce chronic post-thoracotomy pain in rats. Thoracotomy, involving intercostal incision and rib retraction, resulted in a decrease in the mechanical force threshold to induce nocifensive behavior, an enlargement of the pain-sensitive area, and an increase in the fraction of rats showing nocifensive behavior, all for at least 5 weeks. The qualitative nature of the behavioral responses to tactile stimulation changed dramatically after thoracotomy, including the appearance of vigorous behaviors, such as turning, shuddering, and squealing, all absent in naive rats. Intrathecal delivery of resolvin D1 (30 ng/30 μL), at surgery or 4 days later, halved the spread of the mechanosensitive area, lowered by 60% the percent of rats with tactile hypersensitivity, and reduced the drop in threshold for a nocifensive response, along with a reduction in the occurrence of vigorous nocifensive responses. Resolvin D2's actions on threshold changes were statistically the same. These findings suggest that intrathecal resolvins, delivered preoperatively or several days later, can prevent chronic postoperative hyperalgesia. PERSPECTIVE In studies of rats, the injection of the proresolving compounds of the resolvin-D series into spinal fluid, before or just after thoracotomy surgery, prevents the occurrence of acute and chronic pain. If these chemicals, which have shown no side-effects, were used in humans it might greatly reduce chronic postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery Chi-Fei Wang
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gary R Strichartz
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Tabas I. 2016 Russell Ross Memorial Lecture in Vascular Biology: Molecular-Cellular Mechanisms in the Progression of Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 37:183-189. [PMID: 27979856 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is initiated by the subendothelial accumulation of apoB-lipoproteins, which initiates a sterile inflammatory response dominated by monocyte-macrophages but including all classes of innate and adaptive immune cells. These inflammatory cells, together with proliferating smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix, promote the formation of subendothelial lesions or plaques. In the vast majority of cases, these lesions do not cause serious clinical symptoms, which is due in part to a resolution-repair response that limits tissue damage. However, a deadly minority of lesions progress to the point where they can trigger acute lumenal thrombosis, which may then cause unstable angina, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, or stroke. Many of these clinically dangerous lesions have hallmarks of defective inflammation resolution, including defective clearance of dead cells (efferocytosis), necrosis, a defective scar response, and decreased levels of lipid mediators of the resolution response. Efferocytosis is both an effector arm of the resolution response and an inducer of resolution mediators, and thus its defect in advanced atherosclerosis amplifies plaque progression. Preclinical causation/treatment studies have demonstrated that replacement therapy with exogenously administered resolving mediators can improve lesional efferocytosis and prevent plaque progression. Work in this area has the potential to potentiate the cardiovascular benefits of apoB-lipoprotein-lowering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Tabas
- From the Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Cell Biology, and Physiology, Columbia University, New York.
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125
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Modulation of host defence against bacterial and viral infections by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Infect 2016; 73:523-535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Active Pedicle Epithelial Flap Transposition Combined with Amniotic Membrane Transplantation for Treatment of Nonhealing Corneal Ulcers. J Ophthalmol 2016; 2016:5742346. [PMID: 27830086 PMCID: PMC5086501 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5742346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of active pedicle epithelial flap transposition combined with amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in treating nonhealing corneal ulcers. Material and Methods. Eleven patients (11 eyes) with nonhealing corneal ulcer who underwent the combined surgery were included. Postoperatively, ulcer healing time was detected by corneal fluorescein staining. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, surgical complications, and recurrence were recorded. Corneal status was inspected by the laser scanning confocal microscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Results. The primary diseases were herpes simplex keratitis (8 eyes), corneal graft ulcer (2 eyes), and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (1 eye). All epithelial flaps were intact following surgery, without shedding or displacement. Mean ulcer healing time was 10.8 ± 3.1 days, with a healing rate of 91%. Vision significantly improved from 1.70 to 0.82 log MAR (P = 0.001). A significant decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration and corneal stromal edema was revealed 2 months postoperatively by confocal microscopy and AS-OCT. Corneal ulcer recurred in 1 eye. None of the patients developed major complications. Conclusion. Active pedicle epithelial flap transposition combined with AMT is a simple and effective treatment for nonhealing corneal ulcers.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Innate immune dysfunction after major burn injuries increases the susceptibility to organ failure. Lipid mediators of inflammation resolution, e.g., resolvin D2, have been shown recently to restore neutrophil functionality and reduce mortality rate in a rat model of major burn injury. However, the physiological mechanisms responsible for the benefic activity of resolvin D2 are not well understood. DESIGN Prospective randomized animal investigation. SETTING Academic research setting. SUBJECTS Wistar male rats. INTERVENTIONS Animals were subjected to a full-thickness burn of 30% total body surface area. Two hours after burn, 25 ng/kg resolvin D2 was administered IV and repeated every day, for 8 days. At day 10 post burn, 2 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide was administered IV, and the presence of renal and hepatic injuries was evaluated at day 11 post burn by histology, immunohistochemistry, and relevant blood chemistry. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In untreated animals, we found significant tissue damage in the kidneys and liver, consistent with acute tubular necrosis and multifocal necrosis, and changes in blood chemistry, reflecting the deterioration of renal and hepatic functions. We detected less tissue damage and significantly lower values of blood urea nitrogen (26.4 ± 2.1 vs 36.0 ± 9.3 mg/dL; p ≤ 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (266.5 ± 295.2 vs 861.8 ± 813.7 U/L; p ≤ 0.01), and total bilirubin (0.13 ± 0.05 vs 0.30 ± 0.14 mg/dL; p ≤ 0.01) in resolvin D2-treated rats than in untreated animals. The mean blood pressure of all animals was above 65 mm Hg, indicating adequate tissue perfusion throughout the experiments. We measured significantly larger amounts of chromatin in the circulation of untreated than of resolvin D2-treated rats (575.1 ± 331.0 vs 264.1 ± 122.4 ng/mL; p ≤ 0.05) and identified neutrophil extracellular traps in kidney and liver tissues from untreated rats, consistent with the tissue damage. CONCLUSIONS Pathologic changes in kidney and liver tissues in a rat model of major burn and endotoxin insults are ameliorated by resolvin D2.
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Zhang MJ, Sansbury BE, Hellmann J, Baker JF, Guo L, Parmer CM, Prenner JC, Conklin DJ, Bhatnagar A, Creager MA, Spite M. Resolvin D2 Enhances Postischemic Revascularization While Resolving Inflammation. Circulation 2016; 134:666-680. [PMID: 27507404 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.021894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resolvins are lipid mediators generated by leukocytes during the resolution phase of inflammation. They have been shown to regulate the transition from inflammation to tissue repair; however, it is unknown whether resolvins play a role in tissue revascularization following ischemia. METHODS We used a murine model of hind limb ischemia (HLI), coupled with laser Doppler perfusion imaging, microcomputed tomography, and targeted mass spectrometry, to assess the role of resolvins in revascularization and inflammation resolution. RESULTS In mice undergoing HLI, we identified resolvin D2 (RvD2) in bone marrow and skeletal muscle by mass spectrometry (n=4-7 per group). We also identified RvD2 in skeletal muscle biopsies from humans with peripheral artery disease. Monocytes were recruited to skeletal muscle during HLI and isolated monocytes produced RvD2 in a lipoxygenase-dependent manner. Exogenous RvD2 enhanced perfusion recovery in HLI and microcomputed tomography of limb vasculature revealed greater volume, with evidence of tortuous arterioles indicative of arteriogenesis (n=6-8 per group). Unlike other treatment strategies for therapeutic revascularization that exacerbate inflammation, RvD2 did not increase vascular permeability, but reduced neutrophil accumulation and the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. In mice treated with RvD2, histopathologic analysis of skeletal muscle of ischemic limbs showed more regenerating myocytes with centrally located nuclei. RvD2 enhanced endothelial cell migration in a Rac-dependent manner, via its receptor, GPR18, and Gpr18-deficient mice had an endogenous defect in perfusion recovery following HLI. Importantly, RvD2 rescued defective revascularization in diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS RvD2 stimulates arteriogenic revascularization during HLI, suggesting that resolvins may be a novel class of mediators that both resolve inflammation and promote arteriogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Brian E Sansbury
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Jason Hellmann
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - James F Baker
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Luping Guo
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Caitlin M Parmer
- Vascular Medicine Section, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joshua C Prenner
- Vascular Medicine Section, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Mark A Creager
- Vascular Medicine Section, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew Spite
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA
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MerTK cleavage limits proresolving mediator biosynthesis and exacerbates tissue inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:6526-31. [PMID: 27199481 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1524292113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The acute inflammatory response requires a coordinated resolution program to prevent excessive inflammation, repair collateral damage, and restore tissue homeostasis, and failure of this response contributes to the pathology of numerous chronic inflammatory diseases. Resolution is mediated in part by long-chain fatty acid-derived lipid mediators called specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs). However, how SPMs are regulated during the inflammatory response, and how this process goes awry in inflammatory diseases, are poorly understood. We now show that signaling through the Mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MerTK) receptor in cultured macrophages and in sterile inflammation in vivo promotes SPM biosynthesis by a mechanism involving an increase in the cytoplasmic:nuclear ratio of a key SPM biosynthetic enzyme, 5-lipoxygenase. This action of MerTK is linked to the resolution of sterile peritonitis and, after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, to increased circulating SPMs and decreased remote organ inflammation. MerTK is susceptible to ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17 (ADAM17)-mediated cell-surface cleavage under inflammatory conditions, but the functional significance is not known. We show here that SPM biosynthesis is increased and inflammation resolution is improved in a new mouse model in which endogenous MerTK was replaced with a genetically engineered variant that is cleavage-resistant (Mertk(CR)). Mertk(CR) mice also have increased circulating levels of SPMs and less lung injury after I/R. Thus, MerTK cleavage during inflammation limits SPM biosynthesis and the resolution response. These findings contribute to our understanding of how SPM synthesis is regulated during the inflammatory response and suggest new therapeutic avenues to boost resolution in settings where defective resolution promotes disease progression.
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130
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Robb CT, Regan KH, Dorward DA, Rossi AG. Key mechanisms governing resolution of lung inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:425-48. [PMID: 27116944 PMCID: PMC4896979 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity normally provides excellent defence against invading microorganisms. Acute inflammation is a form of innate immune defence and represents one of the primary responses to injury, infection and irritation, largely mediated by granulocyte effector cells such as neutrophils and eosinophils. Failure to remove an inflammatory stimulus (often resulting in failed resolution of inflammation) can lead to chronic inflammation resulting in tissue injury caused by high numbers of infiltrating activated granulocytes. Successful resolution of inflammation is dependent upon the removal of these cells. Under normal physiological conditions, apoptosis (programmed cell death) precedes phagocytic recognition and clearance of these cells by, for example, macrophages, dendritic and epithelial cells (a process known as efferocytosis). Inflammation contributes to immune defence within the respiratory mucosa (responsible for gas exchange) because lung epithelia are continuously exposed to a multiplicity of airborne pathogens, allergens and foreign particles. Failure to resolve inflammation within the respiratory mucosa is a major contributor of numerous lung diseases. This review will summarise the major mechanisms regulating lung inflammation, including key cellular interplays such as apoptotic cell clearance by alveolar macrophages and macrophage/neutrophil/epithelial cell interactions. The different acute and chronic inflammatory disease states caused by dysregulated/impaired resolution of lung inflammation will be discussed. Furthermore, the resolution of lung inflammation during neutrophil/eosinophil-dominant lung injury or enhanced resolution driven via pharmacological manipulation will also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Robb
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - K H Regan
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - D A Dorward
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - A G Rossi
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
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131
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Norling LV, Headland SE, Dalli J, Arnardottir HH, Haworth O, Jones HR, Irimia D, Serhan CN, Perretti M. Proresolving and cartilage-protective actions of resolvin D1 in inflammatory arthritis. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e85922. [PMID: 27158677 PMCID: PMC4855303 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.85922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating disease characterized by persistent accumulation of leukocytes within the articular cavity and synovial tissue. Metabololipidomic profiling of arthritic joints from omega-3 supplemented mice identified elevated levels of specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPM) including resolvin D1 (RvD1). Profiling of human RA synovial fluid revealed physiological levels of RvD1, which - once applied to human neutrophils - attenuated chemotaxis. These results prompted analyses of the antiarthritic properties of RvD1 in a model of murine inflammatory arthritis. The stable epimer 17R-RvD1 (100 ng/day) significantly attenuated arthritis severity, cachexia, hind-paw edema, and paw leukocyte infiltration and shortened the remission interval. Metabololipidomic profiling in arthritic joints revealed 17R-RvD1 significantly reduced PGE2 biosynthesis, while increasing levels of protective SPM. Molecular analyses indicated that 17R-RvD1 enhanced expression of genes associated with cartilage matrix synthesis, and direct intraarticular treatment induced chondroprotection. Joint protective actions of 17R-RvD1 were abolished in RvD1 receptor-deficient mice termed ALX/fpr2/3-/- . These investigations open new therapeutic avenues for inflammatory joint diseases, providing mechanistic substance for the benefits of omega-3 supplementation in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy V. Norling
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Headland
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hildur H. Arnardottir
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Oliver Haworth
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hefin R. Jones
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Irimia
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles N. Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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The anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution effects of aspirin-triggered RvD1 (AT-RvD1) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with severe asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 35:142-148. [PMID: 27044027 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disease that is characterized by a predominance of eosinophils and/or neutrophils in the airways. In the resolution of inflammation, lipid mediators such as resolvin D1 (RvD1) and its epimer aspirin-triggered RvD1 (AT-RvD1) are produced and demonstrate anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution effects. In experimental models such as airway allergic inflammation induced by ovalbumin in mice, RvD1 and AT-RvD1 alleviate some of the most important phenotypes of asthma. Here, we demonstrated the effects of AT-RvD1 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy individuals and patients with severe asthma stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DM). AT-RvD1 (100nM) reduced the concentration of TNF-α in PBMCs from healthy individuals and patients with severe asthma stimulated with LPS or DM. In addition, AT-RvD1 lowered the production of IL-10 only in PBMCs from patients with severe asthma stimulated with LPS. These effects were associated in part with decreasing NF-κB activation. Moreover, AT-RvD1 significantly increased phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils by monocytes from patients with severe asthma. In conclusion, AT-RvD1 demonstrated both anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution effects in PBMCs from patients with severe asthma and could become in the future an alternative treatment for asthma.
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133
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Wang CS, Wee Y, Yang CH, Melvin JE, Baker OJ. ALX/FPR2 Modulates Anti-Inflammatory Responses in Mouse Submandibular Gland. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24244. [PMID: 27064029 PMCID: PMC4827125 DOI: 10.1038/srep24244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the G-protein coupled formyl peptide receptor 2 (ALX/FPR2) by the lipid mediators lipoxin A4 and resolvin D1 (RvD1) promotes resolution of inflammation. Our previous in vitro studies indicate that RvD1 activation of ALX/FPR2 resolves cytokine-mediated inflammatory responses in mammalian cells. However, the impact of ALX/FPR2 activation on salivary gland function in vivo is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether submandibular glands (SMG) from ALX/FPR2(-/-) mice display enhanced inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation. For these studies, C57BL/6 and ALX/FPR2(-/-) mice at age 8-12-week-old were treated with LPS by i.p for 24 h. Salivary gland structure and function were analyzed by histopathological assessment, saliva flow rate, quantitative PCR, Western blot analyses and immunofluorescence. Our results showed the following events in the ALX/FPR2(-/-) mice treated with LPS: a) upregulated inflammatory cytokines and decreased M3R (Muscarinic Acetylcholine receptor M3) and AQP5 (Aquaporin 5) protein expression, b) decreased saliva secretion, c) increased apoptosis, d) alteration of tight junction and neuronal damage. Overall, our data suggest that the loss of ALX/FPR2 results in unresolved acute inflammation and SMG dysfunction (xerostomia) in response to LPS that is similar to human salivary gland dysfunction induced by bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Shuen Wang
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Yinshen Wee
- The Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84102, USA
| | - Chieh-Hsiang Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - James E. Melvin
- National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Olga J. Baker
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
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Barden AE, Moghaddami M, Mas E, Phillips M, Cleland LG, Mori TA. Specialised pro-resolving mediators of inflammation in inflammatory arthritis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 107:24-9. [PMID: 27033423 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Specialised pro-resolving mediators (SPM) are derived from n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3FA). They promote resolution of inflammation and may contribute to the beneficial effects of n-3FA in patients with arthritis. This study compared SPM in knee effusions and plasma of patients with arthritis taking n-3FA, and plasma of healthy volunteers taking n-3FA. METHODS Thirty six patients taking n-3FA undergoing arthrocentesis for an inflammatory knee effusion and 36 healthy volunteers who had taken n-3FA (2.4g/day) for 4 weeks were studied. SPM in synovial fluid and plasma were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry included 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE), the precursor of the E-series SPM (RvE1, RvE2, RvE3, 18R-RvE3), and 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (17-HDHA), the precursor of the D-series SPM (RvD1, 17R-RvD1, RvD2). Other SPM included protectin D1 (PD1), 10S,17S-dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (10,17S-DHDHA), maresin-1 (MaR-1) and 14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (14-HDHA) derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). RESULTS E- and D-series SPM and the precursors 18-HEPE and 17-HDHA were present in synovial fluid and plasma of the patients with inflammatory arthritis. Plasma SPM were negatively related to erythrocyte sedimentation rate in arthritis patients (P<0.01) and synovial fluid RvE2 was negatively associated with pain score (P=0.02). Conversion from 18-HEPE and 17-HDHA to E- and D-series SPM was greater in synovial fluid (P<0.01). Most plasma SPM in arthritis patients were elevated (P<0.05) compared with healthy volunteers, and conversion to E- and D-series SPM was greater (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS SPM are present in chronic knee effusions and although the levels are lower than in plasma, the association between synovial fluid RvE2 and reduced pain scores suggests that synthesis of SPM at the site of inflammation is a relevant mechanism by which n-3FA alleviate the symptoms of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Barden
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, GPO Box X2213, Perth, WA 6847, Australia.
| | - Mahin Moghaddami
- Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide University, Australia
| | - Emilie Mas
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, GPO Box X2213, Perth, WA 6847, Australia
| | - Michael Phillips
- Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Leslie G Cleland
- Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide University, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, GPO Box X2213, Perth, WA 6847, Australia
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Shi H, Carion TW, Jiang Y, Steinle JJ, Berger EA. VIP protects human retinal microvascular endothelial cells against high glucose-induced increases in TNF-α and enhances RvD1. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 123:28-32. [PMID: 27026343 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of our study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of VIP on human retinal endothelial cells (HREC) under high glucose conditions. Diabetes affects almost 250 million people worldwide. Over 40% of diabetics are expected to develop diabetic retinopathy, which remains the leading cause of visual impairment/blindness. Currently, treatment is limited to late stages of retinopathy with no options available for early stages. To this end, the purpose of the current study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on HREC under high glucose conditions. METHODS Primary HREC were cultured in normal (5mM) or high (25mM) glucose medium +/- VIP treatment. Protein levels of TNF-α, resolvin D1 (RvD1), formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), G protein-coupled receptor 32 (GPR32), VEGF, and VIP receptors, VPAC1 and VPAC2 were measured. RESULTS High glucose-induced changes in TNF-α and RvD1 were restored to control levels with VIP treatment. RvD1 receptors, ALX/FPR2 and GPR32, were partially rescued with VIP treatment. VPAC2 expression appeared to be the major receptor involved in VIP signaling in HREC, as VPAC1 receptor was not detected. In addition, VIP did not induce HREC secretion of VEGF under high glucose conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that VIP's therapeutic effect on HREC, occurs in part, through the balance between the pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, and the pro-resolving mediator, RvD1. Although VPAC1 is considered the major VIP receptor, VPAC2 is predominantly expressed on HREC under both normal and high glucose conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoshen Shi
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield Ave., Detroit, 48201 MI, USA.
| | - Thomas W Carion
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield Ave., Detroit, 48201 MI, USA.
| | - Youde Jiang
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield Ave., Detroit, 48201 MI, USA.
| | - Jena J Steinle
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield Ave., Detroit, 48201 MI, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Kresge Eye Institute, 4717 St. Antoine St., Detroit, 48201 MI, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Berger
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield Ave., Detroit, 48201 MI, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Kresge Eye Institute, 4717 St. Antoine St., Detroit, 48201 MI, USA.
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Schmid M, Gemperle C, Rimann N, Hersberger M. Resolvin D1 Polarizes Primary Human Macrophages toward a Proresolution Phenotype through GPR32. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3429-37. [PMID: 26969756 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Resolvin D1 (RvD1) was shown to be a potent anti-inflammatory and proresolution lipid mediator in several animal models of inflammation, but its mechanism of action in humans is not clear. We show that the RvD1 receptor GPR32 is present on resting, proinflammatory M(LPS) and alternatively activated primary human M(IL-4) macrophages, whereas TGF-β and IL-6 reduce its membrane expression. Accordingly, stimulation of resting primary human macrophages with 10 nM RvD1 for 48 h maximally reduced the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-8; abolished chemotaxis to several chemoattractants like chemerin, fMLF, and MCP-1; and doubled the phagocytic activity of these macrophages toward microbial particles. In contrast, these functional changes were not accompanied by surface expression of markers specific for alternatively activated M(IL-4) macrophages. Similar proresolution effects of RvD1 were observed when proinflammatory M(LPS) macrophages were treated with RvD1. In addition, we show that these RvD1-mediated effects are GPR32 dependent because reduction of GPR32 expression by small interfering RNA, TGF-β, and IL-6 treatment ablated these proresolution effects in primary human macrophages. Taken together, our results indicate that in humans RvD1 triggers GPR32 to polarize and repolarize macrophages toward a proresolution phenotype, supporting the role of this mediator in the resolution of inflammation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Schmid
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland; and Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Gemperle
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland; and Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Rimann
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland; and Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland; and Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Fattori V, Amaral FA, Verri WA. Neutrophils and arthritis: Role in disease and pharmacological perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2016; 112:84-98. [PMID: 26826283 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory response in the joint can induce an intense accumulation of leukocytes in the tissue that frequently results in severe local damage and loss of function. Neutrophils are essential cells to combat many pathogens, but their arsenal can contribute or aggravate articular inflammation. Here we summarized some aspects of neutrophil biology, their role in inflammation and indicated how the modulation of neutrophil functions could be useful for the treatment of different forms of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Fattori
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Flavio A Amaral
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Yatomi M, Hisada T, Ishizuka T, Koga Y, Ono A, Kamide Y, Seki K, Aoki-Saito H, Tsurumaki H, Sunaga N, Kaira K, Dobashi K, Yamada M, Okajima F. 17(R)-resolvin D1 ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/12/e12628. [PMID: 26660549 PMCID: PMC4760456 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a destructive inflammatory disease with limited therapeutic options. Inflammation plays an integral role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Unresolved inflammatory responses can lead to substantial tissue injury, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis. The resolvins are a family of endogenous ω‐3 fatty acid derived‐lipid mediators of inflammation resolution. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) displays potent anti‐inflammatory, pro‐resolving activity, without causing immunosuppression. Its epimer, 17(R)‐resolvin D1 (17(R)‐RvD1), exhibits equivalent functionality to RvD1. In addition, 17(R)‐RvD1 is resistant to rapid inactivation by eicosanoid oxidoreductases. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that 17(R)‐RvD1 can provide a therapeutic benefit in IPF by reducing inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis, while leaving the normal immune response intact. Mice were exposed to bleomycin (BLM) via micro‐osmotic pump to induce pulmonary fibrosis, and were then treated with 17(R)‐RvD1 or vehicle by intraperitoneal injection. Administration of 17(R)‐RvD1 from the start of BLM treatment attenuated neutrophil alveolar infiltration, lung collagen content, and Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and type I collagen mRNA expression, along with subsequent reduction in histologically detectable fibrosis. The 17(R)‐RvD1‐induced infiltration of inflammatory cells was inhibited by an antagonist of lipoxin A4 receptor/formyl peptide receptor 2 (ALX/FPR2). The administration of 17(R)‐RvD1 at the later fibrotic stage also improved the lung failure. These results suggest that 17(R)‐RvD1 attenuates pulmonary fibrosis by promoting the resolution of neutrophilic inflammation and also provides pulmonary restoration. These data highlight the therapeutic potential of 17(R)‐RvD1 in the management of this intractable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakiyo Yatomi
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hisada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Ishizuka
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun Fukui, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Koga
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ono
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kamide
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kaori Seki
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Haruka Aoki-Saito
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tsurumaki
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sunaga
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kunio Dobashi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masanobu Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Okajima
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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139
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Duvall MG, Levy BD. DHA- and EPA-derived resolvins, protectins, and maresins in airway inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 785:144-155. [PMID: 26546247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Essential fatty acids can serve as important regulators of inflammation. A new window into mechanisms for the resolution of inflammation was opened with the identification and structural elucidation of mediators derived from these fatty acids with pro-resolving capacity. Inflammation is necessary to ensure the continued health of the organism after an insult or injury; however, unrestrained inflammation can lead to injury "from within" and chronic changes that may prove both morbid and fatal. The resolution phase of inflammation, once thought to be a passive event, is now known to be a highly regulated, active, and complex program that terminates the inflammatory response once the threat has been contained. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are biosynthesized from omega-3 essential fatty acids to resolvins, protectins, and maresins and from omega-6 fatty acids to lipoxins. Through cell-specific actions mediated through select receptors, these SPMs are potent regulators of neutrophil infiltration, cytokine and chemokine production, and clearance of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages, promoting a return to tissue homeostasis. This process appears to be defective in several common human lung diseases, such as asthma and COPD, which are characterized by chronic unrestrained inflammation and significant associated morbidity. Here, we highlight translational research in animal models of disease and with human subjects that sheds light on this rapidly evolving area of science and review the molecular and cellular components of the resolution of lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody G Duvall
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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140
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Kim N, Ramon S, Thatcher TH, Woeller CF, Sime PJ, Phipps RP. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) inhibit human B-cell IgE production. Eur J Immunol 2015; 46:81-91. [PMID: 26474728 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) constitute a recently recognized class of bioactive molecules thatpromote the resolution of inflammation. We recently reported that the SPMs resolvin D1 (RvD1) and 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (17-HDHA) promote the differentiation of IgG-secreting B cells and enhance antibody-mediated immune responses. However, there is an important knowledge gap regarding whether or not SPMs regulate human B-cell IgE production, which is the key effector in diseases such as asthma and allergy. Therefore, we investigated whether a panel of diverse SPMs influences B-cell IgE production. An important finding was that 17-HDHA and RvD1 inhibit IgE production by human B cells and suppress the differentiation of naïve B cells into IgE-secreting cells by specifically blocking epsilon germline transcript. This effect is specific to human IgE, as the SPMs do not inhibit production of IgM and IgG and did not suppress other IL-4-upregulated genes. 17-HDHA and RvD1 act by stabilizing the transcriptional repressor B-cell lymphoma 6, which competes with STAT6 for binding at the epsilon germline transcript promoter. Overall, these new findings demonstrate that certain SPMs inhibit the differentiation of IgE-producing B cells, without being broadly immune suppressive, representing a novel class of potential therapeutics for IgE-driven diseases such as asthma and allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sesquile Ramon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Thomas H Thatcher
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Collynn F Woeller
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Richard P Phipps
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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141
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Prevete N, Liotti F, Marone G, Melillo RM, de Paulis A. Formyl peptide receptors at the interface of inflammation, angiogenesis and tumor growth. Pharmacol Res 2015; 102:184-91. [PMID: 26466865 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
N-formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) belong to the family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that regulate innate immune responses. Three FPRs have been identified in humans: FPR1-FPR3. FPR expression was initially described in immune cells and subsequently in non-hematopoietic cells and certain tissues. Besides their involvement in inflammatory disorders, FPRs have been implicated in the regulation of tissue repair and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is not only a key component of pathogen defence during acute infection and of chronic inflammatory disorders, but also plays a critical role in wound healing and tissue regeneration. Moreover, pathologic uncontrolled angiogenesis is central for tumour growth, progression, and the formation of metastases. In this review, we summarise the evidence for a central role of FPRs at the intersection between inflammation, physiologic angiogenesis and pathologic neovascularisation linked to cancer. These findings provide insights into the potential clinical relevance of new treatment regimens involving FPR modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nella Prevete
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Liotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunologic Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Marina Melillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunologic Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Maekawa T, Hosur K, Abe T, Kantarci A, Ziogas A, Wang B, Van Dyke TE, Chavakis T, Hajishengallis G. Antagonistic effects of IL-17 and D-resolvins on endothelial Del-1 expression through a GSK-3β-C/EBPβ pathway. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8272. [PMID: 26374165 PMCID: PMC4573473 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Del-1 is an endothelial cell-secreted anti-inflammatory protein. In humans and mice, Del-1 expression is inversely related to that of IL-17, which inhibits Del-1 through hitherto unidentified mechanism(s). Here we show that IL-17 downregulates human endothelial cell expression of Del-1 by targeting a critical transcription factor, C/EBPβ. Specifically, IL-17 causes GSK-3β-dependent phosphorylation of C/EBPβ, which is associated with diminished C/EBPβ binding to the Del-1 promoter and suppressed Del-1 expression. This inhibitory action of IL-17 can be reversed at the GSK-3β level by PI3K/Akt signalling induced by D-resolvins. The biological relevance of this regulatory network is confirmed in a mouse model of inflammatory periodontitis. Intriguingly, resolvin-D1 (RvD1) confers protection against IL-17-driven periodontal bone loss in a Del-1-dependent manner, indicating an RvD1-Del-1 axis against IL-17-induced pathological inflammation. The dissection of signalling pathways regulating Del-1 expression provides potential targets to treat inflammatory diseases associated with diminished Del-1 expression, such as periodontitis and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Maekawa
- Department of Microbiology, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Kavita Hosur
- Department of Microbiology, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Toshiharu Abe
- Department of Microbiology, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Athanasios Ziogas
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Baomei Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Federici Canova D, Pavlov AM, Norling LV, Gobbetti T, Brunelleschi S, Le Fauder P, Cenac N, Sukhorukov GB, Perretti M. Alpha-2-macroglobulin loaded microcapsules enhance human leukocyte functions and innate immune response. J Control Release 2015; 217:284-92. [PMID: 26385167 PMCID: PMC4649706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic microstructures can be engineered to deliver bioactive compounds impacting on their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Herein, we applied dextran-based layer-by-layer (LbL) microcapsules to deliver alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2MG), a protein with modulatory properties in inflammation. Extending recent observations made with dextran-microcapsules loaded with α2MG in experimental sepsis, we focused on the physical and chemical characteristics of these microstructures and determined their biology on rodent and human cells. We report an efficient encapsulation of α2MG into microcapsules, which enhanced i) human leukocyte recruitment to inflamed endothelium and ii) human macrophage phagocytosis: in both settings microcapsules were more effective than soluble α2MG or empty microcapsules (devoid of active protein). Translation of these findings revealed that intravenous administration of α2MG-microcapsules (but not empty microcapsules) promoted neutrophil migration into peritoneal exudates and augmented macrophage phagocytic functions, the latter response being associated with alteration of bioactive lipid mediators as assessed by mass spectrometry. The present study indicates that microencapsulation can be an effective strategy to harness the complex biology of α2MG with enhancing outcomes on fundamental processes of the innate immune response paving the way to potential future development in the control of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donata Federici Canova
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anton M Pavlov
- School of Engineering & Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Lucy V Norling
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Gobbetti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Nicolas Cenac
- INSERM UMR1043, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Gleb B Sukhorukov
- School of Engineering & Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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Croasdell A, Thatcher TH, Kottmann RM, Colas RA, Dalli J, Serhan CN, Sime PJ, Phipps RP. Resolvins attenuate inflammation and promote resolution in cigarette smoke-exposed human macrophages. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L888-901. [PMID: 26301452 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00125.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective response to injury, but it can become chronic, leading to tissue damage and disease. Cigarette smoke causes multiple inflammatory diseases, which account for thousands of deaths and cost billions of dollars annually. Cigarette smoke disrupts the function of immune cells, such as macrophages, by prolonging inflammatory signaling, promoting oxidative stress, and impairing phagocytosis, contributing to increased incidence of infections. Recently, new families of lipid-derived mediators, "specialized proresolving mediators" (SPMs), were identified. SPMs play a critical role in the active resolution of inflammation by counterregulating proinflammatory signaling and promoting resolution pathways. We have identified dysregulated concentrations of lipid mediators in exhaled breath condensate, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and serum from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In human alveolar macrophages from COPD and non-COPD patients, D-series resolvins decreased inflammatory cytokines and enhanced phagocytosis. To further investigate the actions of resolvins on human cells, macrophages were differentiated from human blood monocytes and treated with D-series resolvins and then exposed to cigarette smoke extract. Resolvins significantly suppressed macrophage production of proinflammatory cytokines, enzymes, and lipid mediators. Resolvins also increased anti-inflammatory cytokines, promoted an M2 macrophage phenotype, and restored cigarette smoke-induced defects in phagocytosis, highlighting the proresolving functions of these molecules. These actions were receptor-dependent and involved modulation of canonical and noncanonical NF-κB expression, with the first evidence for SPM action on alternative NF-κB signaling. These data show that resolvins act on human macrophages to attenuate cigarette smoke-induced inflammatory effects through proresolving mechanisms and provide new evidence of the therapeutic potential of SPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Croasdell
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Thomas H Thatcher
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
| | - R Matthew Kottmann
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Romain A Colas
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Richard P Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
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145
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Grenon SM, Owens CD, Nosova EV, Hughes-Fulford M, Alley HF, Chong K, Perez S, Yen PK, Boscardin J, Hellmann J, Spite M, Conte MS. Short-Term, High-Dose Fish Oil Supplementation Increases the Production of Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Derived Mediators in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease (the OMEGA-PAD I Trial). J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:e002034. [PMID: 26296857 PMCID: PMC4599461 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) experience significant morbidity and mortality. The OMEGA-PAD I Trial, a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, addressed the hypothesis that short-duration, high-dose n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) oral supplementation improves endothelial function and inflammation in PAD. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighty patients with stable claudication received 4.4 g of fish oil or placebo for 1 month. The primary end point was endothelial function as measured by brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation. Secondary end points included biomarkers of inflammation, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids metabolome changes, lipid profile, and walking impairment questionnaires. Although there was a significant increase in FMD in the fish oil group following treatment (0.7±1.8% increase from baseline, P=0.04), this response was not different then the placebo group (0.6±2.5% increase from baseline, P=0.18; between-group P=0.86) leading to a negative finding for the primary endpoint. There was, however, a significant reduction in triglycerides (fish oil: -34±46 mg/dL, P<0.001; placebo -10±43 mg/dL, P=0.20; between-group differential P-value: 0.02), and an increase in the omega-3 index of 4±1% (P<0.001) in the fish oil group (placebo 0.1±0.9%, P=0.49; between-group P<0.0001). We observed a significant increase in the production of pathway markers of specialized pro-resolving mediators generated from n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the fish oil group. CONCLUSIONS High-dose, short-duration fish oil supplementation did not lead to a different response in the primary end point of endothelial function between the treatment and placebo group, but improved serum triglycerides and increased the production of downstream n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids-derived products and mediators in patients with PAD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/. Unique identifier: NCT01310270.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marlene Grenon
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (M.G., C.D.O., E.V.N., M.H.F., H.F.A., K.C., M.S.C.) Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA (M.G., C.D.O., M.H.F., S.P.) Vascular Integrated Physiology and Experimental Therapeutics (VIPERx) Lab, San Francisco, CA (M.G., C.D.O., H.F.A., K.C., S.P.)
| | - Christopher D Owens
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (M.G., C.D.O., E.V.N., M.H.F., H.F.A., K.C., M.S.C.) Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA (M.G., C.D.O., M.H.F., S.P.) Vascular Integrated Physiology and Experimental Therapeutics (VIPERx) Lab, San Francisco, CA (M.G., C.D.O., H.F.A., K.C., S.P.)
| | - Emily V Nosova
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (M.G., C.D.O., E.V.N., M.H.F., H.F.A., K.C., M.S.C.)
| | - Millie Hughes-Fulford
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (M.G., C.D.O., E.V.N., M.H.F., H.F.A., K.C., M.S.C.) Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA (M.G., C.D.O., M.H.F., S.P.)
| | - Hugh F Alley
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (M.G., C.D.O., E.V.N., M.H.F., H.F.A., K.C., M.S.C.) Vascular Integrated Physiology and Experimental Therapeutics (VIPERx) Lab, San Francisco, CA (M.G., C.D.O., H.F.A., K.C., S.P.)
| | - Karen Chong
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (M.G., C.D.O., E.V.N., M.H.F., H.F.A., K.C., M.S.C.) Vascular Integrated Physiology and Experimental Therapeutics (VIPERx) Lab, San Francisco, CA (M.G., C.D.O., H.F.A., K.C., S.P.)
| | - Sandra Perez
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA (M.G., C.D.O., M.H.F., S.P.) Vascular Integrated Physiology and Experimental Therapeutics (VIPERx) Lab, San Francisco, CA (M.G., C.D.O., H.F.A., K.C., S.P.)
| | - Priscilla K Yen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (P.K.Y.)
| | - John Boscardin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (J.B.)
| | - Jason Hellmann
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.H., M.S.)
| | - Matthew Spite
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.H., M.S.)
| | - Michael S Conte
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (M.G., C.D.O., E.V.N., M.H.F., H.F.A., K.C., M.S.C.)
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Biological Roles of Resolvins and Related Substances in the Resolution of Pain. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:830930. [PMID: 26339646 PMCID: PMC4538417 DOI: 10.1155/2015/830930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous pain-inhibitory substances have rarely been found. A group of powerful pain suppressor molecules that are endogenously generated are now emerging: resolvins and related compounds including neuroprotectins and maresins. These molecules began to be unveiled in a series of inflammation studies more than a decade ago, rapidly shifting the paradigm that explains the mechanism for the inflammatory phase switch. The resolution phase was considered a passive process as proinflammatory mediators disappeared; it is now understood to be actively drawn by the actions of resolvins. Surprisingly, these substances potently affect the pain state. Although this research area is not fully matured, consistently beneficial outcomes have been observed in a various in vivo and in vitro pain models. Furthermore, multiple hypotheses on the neuronal and molecular mechanisms for alleviating pain are being tested, deriving inspiration from existing inflammation and pain studies. This paper serves as a brief summary of the proresolving roles of resolvins and related lipid mediators in inflammation and also as a review for accumulated information of their painkilling actions. This also includes potential receptor-mediated mechanisms and discusses future scientific perspectives. Further diverse approaches will help to construct a hidden axis of natural protection principles and establish proofs of concept for pain relief.
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147
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Souza PR, Norling LV. Implications for eicosapentaenoic acid- and docosahexaenoic acid-derived resolvins as therapeutics for arthritis. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 785:165-173. [PMID: 26165764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential for health and are known to possess anti-inflammatory properties, improving cardiovascular health as well as benefiting inflammatory diseases. Indeed, dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids has proved efficacious in reducing joint pain, morning stiffness and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs usage in rheumatoid arthritis patients. However, the mechanisms by which omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids exert their beneficial effects have not been fully explored. Seminal discoveries by Serhan and colleagues have unveiled a novel class of bioactive lipid mediators that are enzymatically biosynthesized in vivo from omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), termed resolvins, protectins and maresins. These bioactive pro-resolving lipid mediators provide further rationale for the beneficial effects of fish-oil enriched diets. These endogenous lipid mediators are spatiotemporally biosynthesized to actively regulate resolution by acting on specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to initiate anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving signals that terminate inflammation. In this review, we will discuss the mechanism of actions of these molecules, including their analgesic and bone-sparing properties making them ideal therapeutic agonists for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia R Souza
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy V Norling
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom.
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AT-RvD1 modulates CCL-2 and CXCL-8 production and NF-κB, STAT-6, SOCS1, and SOCS3 expression on bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with IL-4. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:178369. [PMID: 26075216 PMCID: PMC4436447 DOI: 10.1155/2015/178369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bronchial epithelial cells represent the first line of defense against microorganisms and allergens in the airways and play an important role in chronic inflammatory processes such as asthma. In an experimental model, both RvD1 and AT-RvD1, lipid mediators of inflammation resolution, ameliorated some of the most important phenotypes of experimental asthma. Here, we extend these results and demonstrate the effect of AT-RvD1 on bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) stimulated with IL-4. AT-RvD1 (100 nM) decreased both CCL2 and CXCL-8 production, in part by decreasing STAT6 and NF-κB pathways. Furthermore, the effects of AT-RvD1 were ALX/FRP2 receptor dependent, as the antagonist of this receptor (BOC1) reversed the inhibition of these chemokines by AT-RvD1. In addition, AT-RvD1 decreased SOCS1 and increased SOCS3 expression, which play important roles in Th1 and Th17 modulation, respectively. In conclusion, AT-RvD1 demonstrated significant effects on the IL-4-induced activation of bronchial epithelial cells and consequently the potential to modulate neutrophilic and eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthma. Taken together, these findings identify AT-RvD1 as a potential proresolving therapeutic agent for allergic responses in the airways.
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149
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The resolution of inflammation: Principles and challenges. Semin Immunol 2015; 27:149-60. [PMID: 25911383 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The concept that chemokines, cytokines and pro-inflammatory mediators act in a co-ordinated fashion to drive the initiation of the inflammatory reaction is well understood. The significance of such networks acting during the resolution of inflammation however is poorly appreciated. In recent years, specific pro-resolving mediators were discovered which activate resolution pathways to return tissues to homeostasis. These mediators are diverse in nature, and include specialized lipid mediators (lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins) proteins (annexin A1, galectins) and peptides, gaseous mediators including hydrogen sulphide, a purine (adenosine), as well as neuromodulator release under the control of the vagus nerve. Functionally, they can act to limit further leukocyte recruitment, induce neutrophil apoptosis and enhance efferocytosis by macrophages. They can also switch macrophages from classical to alternatively activated cells, promote the return of non-apoptotic cells to the lymphatics and help initiate tissue repair mechanisms and healing. Within this review we highlight the essential cellular aspects required for successful tissue resolution, briefly discuss the pro-resolution mediators that drive these processes and consider potential challenges faced by researchers in the quest to discover how inflammation resolves and why chronic inflammation persists.
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150
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Mas E, Barden A, Burke V, Beilin LJ, Watts GF, Huang RC, Puddey IB, Irish AB, Mori TA. A randomized controlled trial of the effects of n-3 fatty acids on resolvins in chronic kidney disease. Clin Nutr 2015; 35:331-336. [PMID: 25908532 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The high incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is related partially to chronic inflammation. n-3 Fatty acids have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects and to reduce the risk of CVD. Specialized Proresolving Lipid Mediators (SPMs) derived from the n-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) actively promote the resolution of inflammation. This study evaluates the effects of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on plasma SPMs in patients with CKD. METHODS In a double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention of factorial design, 85 patients were randomized to either n-3 fatty acids (4 g), Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) (200 mg), both supplements, or control (4 g olive oil), daily for 8 weeks. The SPMs 18-HEPE, 17-HDHA, RvD1, 17R-RvD1, and RvD2, were measured in plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry before and after intervention. RESULTS Seventy four patients completed the 8 weeks intervention. n-3 Fatty acids but not CoQ significantly increased (P < 0.0001) plasma levels of 18-HEPE and 17-HDHA, the upstream precursors to the E- and D-series resolvins, respectively. RvD1 was significantly increased (P = 0.036) after n-3 fatty acids, but no change was seen in other SPMs. In regression analysis the increase in 18-HEPE and 17-HDHA after n-3 fatty acids was significantly predicted by the change in platelet EPA and DHA, respectively. CONCLUSION SPMs are increased after 8 weeks n-3 fatty acid supplementation in patients with CKD. This may have important implications for limiting ongoing low grade inflammation in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Mas
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Anne Barden
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Valerie Burke
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lawrence J Beilin
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gerald F Watts
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rae-Chi Huang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Australia; Telethon Kid's Institute, Australia
| | - Ian B Puddey
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ashley B Irish
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Australia
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