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Wang Y, Yella J, Chen J, McCormack FX, Madala SK, Jegga AG. Unsupervised gene expression analyses identify IPF-severity correlated signatures, associated genes and biomarkers. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:133. [PMID: 29058630 PMCID: PMC5649521 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal fibrotic lung disease occurring predominantly in middle-aged and older adults. The traditional diagnostic classification of IPF is based on clinical, radiological, and histopathological features. However, the considerable heterogeneity in IPF presentation suggests that differences in gene expression profiles can help to characterize and distinguish disease severity. Methods We used data-driven unsupervised clustering analysis, combined with a knowledge-based approach to identify and characterize IPF subgroups. Results Using transcriptional profiles on lung tissue from 131 patients with IPF/UIP and 12 non-diseased controls, we identified six subgroups of IPF that generally correlated with the disease severity and lung function decline. Network-informed clustering identified the most severe subgroup of IPF that was enriched with genes regulating inflammatory processes, blood pressure and branching morphogenesis of the lung. The differentially expressed genes in six subgroups of IPF compared to healthy control include transcripts of extracellular matrix, epithelial-mesenchymal cell cross-talk, calcium ion homeostasis, and oxygen transport. Further, we compiled differentially expressed gene signatures to identify unique gene clusters that can segregate IPF from normal, and severe from mild IPF. Additional validations of these signatures were carried out in three independent cohorts of IPF/UIP. Finally, using knowledge-based approaches, we identified several novel candidate genes which may also serve as potential biomarkers of IPF. Conclusions Discovery of unique and redundant gene signatures for subgroups in IPF can be greatly facilitated through unsupervised clustering. Findings derived from such gene signatures may provide insights into pathogenesis of IPF and facilitate the development of clinically useful biomarkers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12890-017-0472-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunguan Wang
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jaswanth Yella
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Francis X McCormack
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Satish K Madala
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Anil G Jegga
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati College of Engineering, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Interaction network of coexpressed mRNA, miRNA, and lncRNA activated by TGF‑β1 regulates EMT in human pulmonary epithelial cell. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8045-8054. [PMID: 28983614 PMCID: PMC5779888 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), play increasingly important roles in pathological processes involved in disease development. However, whether mRNAs interact with miRNAs and lncRNAs to form an interacting regulatory network in diseases remains unknown. In this study, the interaction of coexpressed mRNAs, miRNAs and lncRNAs during tumor growth factor-β1-activated (TGF-β1) epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was systematically analyzed in human alveolar epithelial cells. For EMT regulation, 24 mRNAs, 11 miRNAs and 33 lncRNAs were coexpressed, and interacted with one another. The interaction among coexpressed mRNAs, miRNAs and lncRNAs were further analyzed, and the results showed the lack of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) among them. The mutual regulation may be correlated with other modes, such as histone modification and transcription factor recruitment. However, the possibility of ceRNA existence cannot be ignored because of the generally low abundance of lncRNAs and frequent promiscuity of protein-RNA interactions. Thus, conclusions need further experimental identification and validation. In this context, disrupting many altered disease pathways remains one of the challenges in obtaining effective pathway-based therapy. The reason being that one specific mRNA, miRNA or lncRNA may target multiple genes that are potentially implicated in a disease. Nevertheless, the results of the present study provide basic mechanistic information, possible biomarkers and novel treatment strategies for diseases, particularly pulmonary tumor and fibrosis.
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103
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Horimasu Y, Ishikawa N, Taniwaki M, Yamaguchi K, Hamai K, Iwamoto H, Ohshimo S, Hamada H, Hattori N, Okada M, Arihiro K, Ohtsuki Y, Kohno N. Gene expression profiling of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs): identification of potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:88. [PMID: 28821283 PMCID: PMC5562997 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic fibrosing idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) is characterized by alveolar epithelial damage, activation of fibroblast proliferation, and loss of normal pulmonary architecture and function. This study aims to investigate the genetic backgrounds of IIP through gene expression profiling and pathway analysis, and to identify potential biomarkers that can aid in diagnosis and serve as novel therapeutic targets. METHODS RNA extracted from lung specimens of 12 patients with chronic fibrosing IIP was profiled using Illumina Human WG-6 v3 BeadChips, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was performed to identify altered functional and canonical signaling pathways. For validating the results from gene expression analysis, immunohistochemical staining of 10 patients with chronic fibrosing IIP was performed. RESULTS Ninety-eight genes were upregulated in IIP patients relative to control subjects. Some of the upregulated genes, namely desmoglein 3 (DSG3), protocadherin gamma-A9 (PCDHGA9) and discoidin domain-containing receptor 1 (DDR1) are implicated in cell-cell interaction and/or adhesion; some, namely collagen type VII, alpha 1 (COL7A1), contactin-associated protein-like 3B (CNTNAP3B) and mucin-1 (MUC1) are encoding the extracellular matrix molecule or the molecules involved in cell-matrix interactions; and the others, namely CDC25C and growth factor independent protein 1B (GFI1B) are known to affect cell proliferation by affecting the progression of cell cycle or regulating transcription. According to pathway analysis, alternated pathways in IIP were related to cell death and survival and cellular growth and proliferation, which are more similar to cancer than to inflammatory response and immunological diseases. Using immunohistochemistry, we further validate that DSG3, the most highly upregulated gene, shows higher expression in chronic fibrosing IIP lung as compared to control lung. CONCLUSION We identified several genes upregulated in chronic fibrosing IIP patients as compared to control, and found genes and pathways implicated in cancer, rather than in inflammatory or immunological disease to play important roles in the pathogenesis of IIPs. Moreover, DSG3 is a novel potential biomarker for chronic fibrosing IIP with its significantly high expression in IIP lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Horimasu
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54 Ujina-Kanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530 Japan
| | - Masaya Taniwaki
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Kakuhiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Kosuke Hamai
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ohshimo
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Hironobu Hamada
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Morihito Okada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Koji Arihiro
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Yuji Ohtsuki
- Division of Pathology, Matsuyama-shimin Hospital, 2-6-5 Ohtemachi, Matsuyama, 790-0067 Japan
| | - Nobuoki Kohno
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
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Churg A, Bilawich A, Wright JL. Pathology of Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis What Is It? What Are the Diagnostic Criteria? Why Do We Care? Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017; 142:109-119. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0173-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Context.—
Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP) has emerged from obscurity during the past 15 years and is now recognized as a very common form of fibrosing interstitial pneumonia but one that is frequently misdiagnosed both clinically and on surgical lung biopsy as usual interstitial pneumonia/idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (UIP/IPF) or fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia.
Objective.—
To review the pathologic features of CHP.
Data Sources.—
Clinical, pathology, and radiology literature were used.
Conclusions.—
Upper lobe–predominant fibrosis and/or air-trapping on computed tomography scan are features of CHP but not UIP/IPF; however, radiologic separation is possible in only about 50% of cases. Morphologically, CHP sometimes mimics UIP/IPF, but CHP often shows isolated foci of peribronchiolar (centrilobular) fibrosis, frequently associated with fibroblast foci, and in CHP, fibrosis may bridge from the centrilobular region to another bronchiole, an interlobular septum, or the pleura (“bridging fibrosis”). This set of findings is uncommon in UIP/IPF. In addition, CHP may produce a picture of fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. Although giant cells/granulomas are usually present in subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis, they are much less frequently found in CHP, and their absence does not contradict the diagnosis. This diagnostic separation is clinically important because CHP is treated differently than UIP/IPF is (immunosuppressive agents versus antifibrotic agents); further, there are some data to suggest that removing the patient from antigen exposure improves outcome, and there is evidence that patients with CHP have a much better survival prognosis after lung transplantation than do patients with UIP/IPF. In most cases, accurate diagnosis of CHP requires consultation among clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Churg
- From the Departments of Pathology (Dr Churg) and Radiology (Dr Bilawich), Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and the Department of Pathology (Dr Wright), St Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | - AnaMaria Bilawich
- From the Departments of Pathology (Dr Churg) and Radiology (Dr Bilawich), Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and the Department of Pathology (Dr Wright), St Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | - Joanne L. Wright
- From the Departments of Pathology (Dr Churg) and Radiology (Dr Bilawich), Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and the Department of Pathology (Dr Wright), St Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver
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Walsh SLF. Multidisciplinary evaluation of interstitial lung diseases: current insights: Number 1 in the Series "Radiology" Edited by Nicola Sverzellati and Sujal Desai. Eur Respir Rev 2017; 26:26/144/170002. [PMID: 28515041 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0002-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidisciplinary team (MDT) diagnosis is regarded as the diagnostic reference standard for interstitial lung disease (ILD). Several studies have reported that MDT diagnosis is associated with higher levels of diagnostic confidence and better interobserver agreement when compared to the individual components of the MDT in isolation. Although this recommendation is widely accepted, no guideline statement specifies what constitutes an MDT meeting and how its participants should govern it. Furthermore, the precise role of an MDT meeting in the setting of ILD may vary from one group to another. For example, in some cases, the meeting will confine its discussion to characterising the disease and formulating diagnosis. In others, management decisions may also be part of the discussion. Surprisingly, there is no consensus on how MDT diagnosis is validated. As multidisciplinary evaluation contains all the available clinical information on an individual patient, there is no reference standard against which the veracity of MDT diagnosis can be tested. Finally, many of these uncertainties surrounding MDT meeting practice are unlikely to be answered by traditional evidence-based studies, which create difficulties when generating guideline recommendations. There is clearly a need for expert consensus on what constitutes acceptable MDT meeting practice. This consensus will need to be flexible to accommodate the variability in resources available to fledgling MDT groups and the variable nature of patients requiring discussion.
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Distinct Roles of Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3520581. [PMID: 28588349 PMCID: PMC5447271 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3520581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling pathways are tightly controlled under a physiological condition, under which they play key roles in many biological functions, including cell fate specification and tissue regeneration. Increasing lines of evidence recently demonstrated that a dysregulated activation of Wnt signaling, particularly the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, was involved in the pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In this respect, Wnt signaling interacts with other cellular signaling pathways to regulate the initiation and pathogenic procedures of airway inflammation and remodeling, pulmonary myofibroblast proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and development of emphysema. Intriguingly, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is activated in IPF; an inhibition of this signaling leads to an alleviation of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in experimental models. Conversely, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is inactivated in COPD tissues, and its reactivation results in an amelioration of airspace enlargement with a restored alveolar epithelial structure and function in emphysema models. These studies thus imply distinct mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the pathogenesis of these two chronic pulmonary diseases, indicating potential targets for COPD and IPF treatments. This review article aims to summarize the involvement and pathogenic roles of Wnt signaling pathways in the COPD and IPF, with a focus on the implication of Wnt/β-catenin signaling as underlying mechanisms and therapeutic targets in these two incurable diseases.
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107
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Magnini D, Montemurro G, Iovene B, Tagliaboschi L, Gerardi RE, Lo Greco E, Bruni T, Fabbrizzi A, Lombardi F, Richeldi L. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Molecular Endotypes of Fibrosis Stratifying Existing and Emerging Therapies. Respiration 2017; 93:379-395. [DOI: 10.1159/000475780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Horimasu Y, Ishikawa N, Iwamoto H, Ohshimo S, Hamada H, Hattori N, Okada M, Arihiro K, Ohtsuki Y, Kohno N. Clinical and molecular features of rapidly progressive chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. SARCOIDOSIS VASCULITIS AND DIFFUSE LUNG DISEASES 2017; 34:48-57. [PMID: 32476822 DOI: 10.36141/svdld.v34i1.5388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP) is characterized by varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis of the lungs caused by a variety of inhaled antigens. Despite extensive efforts to minimize exposure to the antigens, patients with CHP sometimes experience rapid deterioration of their pulmonary functions, resulting in death within a few years. Objectives: This study aimed to define clearly the clinical and molecular features of patients with rapidly progressive CHP. Methods: Annual decline in pulmonary functions and its association with clinical variables was evaluated in 43 patients with CHP. The RNA from frozen lung specimens of nine patients with rapidly progressive CHP and normal control subjects was profiled using Illumina HumanWG-6 v3 Expression BeadChips, and an Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was performed to identify the altered functional and canonical signaling pathways. Results: Patients with more than 10% annual decline in forced vital capacity and those with more than 15% annual decline in diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide showed significantly poor overall survival rates (p=0.002 and p=0.001, respectively). According to the gene expression analysis, 160 genes, including cystatin SN (CST1), ephrin-A2 (EFNA2), and wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 7B (WNT7B) were upregulated, and pathways related to inflammatory responses and autoimmune diseases were differentially expressed. Conclusion: Greater annual decline in pulmonary function can predict poorer prognosis of patients with CHP. Genes and pathways related to inflammatory responses and autoimmune diseases have potential roles in the pathogenesis of rapidly progressive CHP, suggesting their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets. (Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2017; 34: 48-57).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nobuhisa Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54 Ujinakanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Morihito Okada
- Surgical Oncology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Koji Arihiro
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yuji Ohtsuki
- Division of Pathology, Matsuyama-shimin Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-0067, Japan
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Shirai T, Furusawa H, Furukawa A, Ishige Y, Uchida K, Miyazaki Y, Eishi Y, Inase N. Protein antigen of bird-related hypersensitivity pneumonitis in pigeon serum and dropping. Respir Res 2017; 18:65. [PMID: 28427395 PMCID: PMC5397797 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian antigen is a common cause of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). Inhalation challenge with pigeon serum and pigeon dropping extract (PDE) elicits a hypersensitivity reaction in patients with bird-related hypersensitivity pneumonitis (BRHP), but the antigenic components in these materials have yet to be fully elucidated. METHOD Pigeon serum, pigeon intestine homogenates, and PDE were immunoblotted with serum samples from 8 patients with BRHP, 2 patients with summer-type HP, 2 patients with humidifier lung, and 3 healthy volunteers. Among the protein spots found in both pigeon serum and PDE, those that reacted with sera from BRHP patients were identified by mass spectrometry. Immunoassays using recombinant protein were performed to confirm the antigenicity of the identified protein. Cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with recombinant protein was also assessed. RESULTS Immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide-1 (IGLL-1) was identified from all spots on 2-DE immunoblots of both pigeon serum and PDE. The BRHP patients exhibited higher levels of serum IgG antibody against the recombinant IGLL-1 (rIGLL-1) compared to the control subjects, as well as a stronger PBMCs proliferative response to rIGLL-1. Cytokine production by PBMCs from BRHP patients after rIGLL-1 exposure indicated that the protein could induce Th1 prone immune responses: an increase in TNF-α and an absence of elevated IL-10 production. CONCLUSIONS Pigeon IGLL-1 was identified as the BRHP antigen present in both pigeon serum and PDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Shirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Furusawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Furukawa
- Department of Human Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ishige
- Department of Human Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Uchida
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunari Miyazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Eishi
- Department of Human Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiko Inase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Tomos IP, Tzouvelekis A, Aidinis V, Manali ED, Bouros E, Bouros D, Papiris SA. Extracellular matrix remodeling in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. It is the 'bed' that counts and not 'the sleepers'. Expert Rev Respir Med 2017; 11:299-309. [PMID: 28274188 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2017.1300533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease characterized by irreversible fibrosis. Current disease pathogenesis assumes an aberrant wound healing process in response to repetitive injurious stimuli leading to apoptosis of epithelial cells, activation of fibroblasts and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Particularly, lung ECM is a highly dynamic structure that lies at the core of several physiological and developmental pathways. The scope of this review article is to summarize current knowledge on the role of ECM in the pathogenesis of IPF, unravel novel mechanistic data and identify future more effective therapeutic targets. Areas covered: The exact mechanisms through which lung microenvironment activates fibroblasts and inflammatory cells, regulates profibrotic signaling cascades through growth factors, integrins and degradation enzymes ultimately leading to excessive matrix deposition are discussed. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic usefulness of specific inhibitors of matrix deposition or activators of matrix degradation pathways are also presented. Expert commentary: With a gradually increasing worldwide incidence IPF still present a major challenge in clinical research due to its unknown etiopathogenesis and current ineffective treatment approaches. Today, there is an amenable need for more effective therapeutic targets and ECM components may represent one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis P Tomos
- a Respiratory Medicine Department , 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Argyrios Tzouvelekis
- b Division of Immunology , Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming,' , Athens , Greece
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- b Division of Immunology , Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming,' , Athens , Greece
| | - Effrosyni D Manali
- a Respiratory Medicine Department , 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Evangelos Bouros
- c First Academic Department of Pneumonology, Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, 'Sotiria,' Medical School , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Demosthenes Bouros
- c First Academic Department of Pneumonology, Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, 'Sotiria,' Medical School , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Spyros A Papiris
- a Respiratory Medicine Department , 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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111
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Hamano Y, Kida H, Ihara S, Murakami A, Yanagawa M, Ueda K, Honda O, Tripathi LP, Arai T, Hirose M, Hamasaki T, Yano Y, Kimura T, Kato Y, Takamatsu H, Otsuka T, Minami T, Hirata H, Inoue K, Nagatomo I, Takeda Y, Mori M, Nishikawa H, Mizuguchi K, Kijima T, Kitaichi M, Tomiyama N, Inoue Y, Kumanogoh A. Classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias using anti-myxovirus resistance-protein 1 autoantibody. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43201. [PMID: 28230086 PMCID: PMC5322336 DOI: 10.1038/srep43201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic fibrosing idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) can be divided into two main types: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a steroid-resistant and progressive disease with a median survival of 2-3 years, and idiopathic non-specific interstitial pneumonia (INSIP), a steroid-sensitive and non-progressive autoimmune disease. Although the clinical courses of these two diseases differ, they may be difficult to distinguish at diagnosis. We performed a comprehensive analysis of serum autoantibodies from patients definitively diagnosed with IPF, INSIP, autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, and sarcoidosis. We identified disease-specific autoantibodies and enriched KEGG pathways unique to each disease, and demonstrated that IPF and INSIP are serologically distinct. Furthermore, we discovered a new INSIP-specific autoantibody, anti-myxovirus resistance-1 (MX1) autoantibody. Patients positive for anti-MX1 autoantibody constituted 17.5% of all cases of chronic fibrosing IIPs. Notably, patients rarely simultaneously carried the anti-MX1 autoantibody and the anti-aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetase autoantibody, which is common in chronic fibrosing IIPs. Because MX1 is one of the most important interferon-inducible anti-viral genes, we have not only identified a new diagnostic autoantibody of INSIP but also obtained new insight into the pathology of INSIP, which may be associated with viral infection and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Hamano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AMED, CREST, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shoichi Ihara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihiro Murakami
- Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Ina Laboratory, 1063-103 Terasawaoka, Ina City, Nagano 396-0002, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yanagawa
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken Ueda
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Osamu Honda
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Lokesh P. Tripathi
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saitoasagi, Ibaraki City, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Toru Arai
- National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka 591-8555, Japan
| | - Masaki Hirose
- National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka 591-8555, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Hamasaki
- Office of Biostatistics and Data Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita City, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yano
- National Hospital Organization Toneyama National Hospital, 5-1-1 Toneyama, Toyonaka City, Osaka 560-8552, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kimura
- Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AMED, CREST, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hyota Takamatsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AMED, CREST, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Otsuka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AMED, CREST, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Minami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AMED, CREST, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Hirata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AMED, CREST, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koji Inoue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AMED, CREST, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Izumi Nagatomo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AMED, CREST, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshito Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AMED, CREST, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahide Mori
- National Hospital Organization Toneyama National Hospital, 5-1-1 Toneyama, Toyonaka City, Osaka 560-8552, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Department of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizuguchi
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saitoasagi, Ibaraki City, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Takashi Kijima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AMED, CREST, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masanori Kitaichi
- National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka 591-8555, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Tomiyama
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Inoue
- National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka 591-8555, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AMED, CREST, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Lee JU, Chang HS, Lee HJ, Jung CA, Bae DJ, Song HJ, Park JS, Uh ST, Kim YH, Seo KH, Park CS. Upregulation of interleukin-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin levels in the lungs of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:39. [PMID: 28202030 PMCID: PMC5312598 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate T helper type 2 (Th2) immune responses mediated by interleukin (IL)-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and IL-25 have been shown to play an important role in pulmonary fibrosis of animal models; however, their clinical implications remain poorly understood. METHODS TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33 concentrations were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids obtained from normal controls (NCs; n = 40) and from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF; n = 100), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP; n = 22), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP; n = 20), and sarcoidosis (n = 19). RESULTS The TSLP and IL-33 levels were significantly higher in patients with IPF relative to the NCs (p = 0.01 and p = 0.0001, respectively), NSIP (p = 4.95E - 7 and p = 0.0002, respectively), HP (p = 0.00003 and p = 0.000005, respectively), and sarcoidosis groups (p = 0.003 and p = 0.0001, respectively). However, the IL-25 levels were not significantly different between NC and IPF group (p = 0.432). Receiver operating characteristic curves of the TSLP and IL-33 levels revealed clear differences between the IPF and NC groups (AUC = 0.655 and 0.706, respectively), as well as between the IPF and the other lung disease groups (AUC = 0.786 and 0.781, respectively). Cut-off values of 3.52 pg/μg TSLP and 3.77 pg/μg IL-33 were shown to differentiate between the IPF and NC groups with 99.2 and 94.3% accuracy. Cut-off values of 4.66 pg/μg TSLP and 2.52 pg/μg IL-33 possessed 99.4 and 93.2% accuracy for differentiating among the IPF and other interstitial lung disease groups. CONCLUSIONS Innate immune responses may be associated with the development of IPF. Furthermore, the IL-33 and TSLP levels in BAL fluids may be useful for differentiating IPF from other chronic interstitial lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Uk Lee
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hun Soo Chang
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea.,Genome Research Center and Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hyeon Ju Lee
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Chang An Jung
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Da Jeong Bae
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Song
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jong Sook Park
- Genome Research Center and Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Soo-Taek Uh
- Division of Respiratory and Allergy Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Seo
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea. .,Genome Research Center and Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea. .,Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 1174, Jung-Dong, Wonmi-Ku, Bucheon, Kyeonggi-Do, 420-767, Korea.
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Niu R, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Wang W, Li X. iTRAQ-Based Proteomics Reveals Novel Biomarkers for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170741. [PMID: 28122020 PMCID: PMC5266322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a gradual lung disease with a survival of less than 5 years post-diagnosis for most patients. Poor molecular description of IPF has led to unsatisfactory interpretation of the pathogenesis of this disease, resulting in the lack of successful treatments. The objective of this study was to discover novel noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of IPF. We employed a coupled isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) approach to examine protein expression in patients with IPF. A total of 97 differentially expressed proteins (38 upregulated proteins and 59 downregulated proteins) were identified in the serum of IPF patients. Using String software, a regulatory network containing 87 nodes and 244 edges was built, and the functional enrichment showed that differentially expressed proteins were predominantly involved in protein activation cascade, regulation of response to wounding and extracellular components. A set of three most significantly upregulated proteins (HBB, CRP and SERPINA1) and four most significantly downregulated proteins (APOA2, AHSG, KNG1 and AMBP) were selected for validation in an independent cohort of IPF and other lung diseases using ELISA test. The results confirmed the iTRAQ profiling results and AHSG, AMBP, CRP and KNG1 were found as specific IPF biomarkers. ROC analysis indicated the diagnosis potential of the validated biomarkers. The findings of this study will contribute in understanding the pathogenesis of IPF and facilitate the development of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Niu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Operating Room, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Evidence-based Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Yongbin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (WW); (XL)
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Nursing, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (WW); (XL)
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Vukmirovic M, Herazo-Maya JD, Blackmon J, Skodric-Trifunovic V, Jovanovic D, Pavlovic S, Stojsic J, Zeljkovic V, Yan X, Homer R, Stefanovic B, Kaminski N. Identification and validation of differentially expressed transcripts by RNA-sequencing of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) lung tissue from patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:15. [PMID: 28081703 PMCID: PMC5228096 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-016-0356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal lung disease of unknown etiology. A major limitation in transcriptomic profiling of lung tissue in IPF has been a dependence on snap-frozen fresh tissues (FF). In this project we sought to determine whether genome scale transcript profiling using RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) could be applied to archived Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) IPF tissues. Results We isolated total RNA from 7 IPF and 5 control FFPE lung tissues and performed 50 base pair paired-end sequencing on Illumina 2000 HiSeq. TopHat2 was used to map sequencing reads to the human genome. On average ~62 million reads (53.4% of ~116 million reads) were mapped per sample. 4,131 genes were differentially expressed between IPF and controls (1,920 increased and 2,211 decreased (FDR < 0.05). We compared our results to differentially expressed genes calculated from a previously published dataset generated from FF tissues analyzed on Agilent microarrays (GSE47460). The overlap of differentially expressed genes was very high (760 increased and 1,413 decreased, FDR < 0.05). Only 92 differentially expressed genes changed in opposite directions. Pathway enrichment analysis performed using MetaCore confirmed numerous IPF relevant genes and pathways including extracellular remodeling, TGF-beta, and WNT. Gene network analysis of MMP7, a highly differentially expressed gene in both datasets, revealed the same canonical pathways and gene network candidates in RNA-Seq and microarray data. For validation by NanoString nCounter® we selected 35 genes that had a fold change of 2 in at least one dataset (10 discordant, 10 significantly differentially expressed in one dataset only and 15 concordant genes). High concordance of fold change and FDR was observed for each type of the samples (FF vs FFPE) with both microarrays (r = 0.92) and RNA-Seq (r = 0.90) and the number of discordant genes was reduced to four. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that RNA sequencing of RNA obtained from archived FFPE lung tissues is feasible. The results obtained from FFPE tissue are highly comparable to FF tissues. The ability to perform RNA-Seq on archived FFPE IPF tissues should greatly enhance the availability of tissue biopsies for research in IPF. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12890-016-0356-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Vukmirovic
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Jose D Herazo-Maya
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John Blackmon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Vesna Skodric-Trifunovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic for Pulmonology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Jovanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic for Pulmonology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Pavlovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Stojsic
- Departement of Thoracopulmonary Pathology, Service of Pathology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Zeljkovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Xiting Yan
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert Homer
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA CT Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Branko Stefanovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Lee JU, Cheong HS, Shim EY, Bae DJ, Chang HS, Uh ST, Kim YH, Park JS, Lee B, Shin HD, Park CS. Gene profile of fibroblasts identify relation of CCL8 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2017; 18:3. [PMID: 28057004 PMCID: PMC5216573 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by the complex interaction of cells involved in chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Global gene expression of a homogenous cell population will identify novel candidate genes. Methods Gene expression of fibroblasts derived from lung tissues (8 IPF and 4 controls) was profiled, and ontology and functional pathway were analyzed in the genes exhibiting >2 absolute fold changes with p-values < 0.05. CCL8 mRNA and protein levels were quantified using real-time PCR and ELISA. CCL8 localization was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining. Results One hundred seventy eight genes differentially expressed and 15 genes exhibited >10-fold change. Among them, 13 were novel in relation with IPF. CCL8 expression was 22.8-fold higher in IPF fibroblasts. The levels of CCL8 mRNA and protein were 3 and 9-fold higher in 14 IPF fibroblasts than those in 10 control fibroblasts by real-time PCR and ELISA (p = 0.022 and p = 0.026, respectively). The CCL8 concentrations in BAL fluid was significantly higher in 86 patients with IPF than those in 41 controls, and other interstitial lung diseases including non-specific interstitial pneumonia (n = 22), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (n = 20) and sarcoidosis (n = 19) (p < 0.005, respectively). Cut-off values of 2.29 pg/mL and 0.43 pg/mL possessed 80.2 and 70.7% accuracy for the discrimination of IPF from NC and the other lung diseases, respectively. IPF subjects with CCL8 levels >28.61 pg/mL showed shorter survival compared to those with lower levels (p = 0.012). CCL8 was expressed by α-SMA-positive cells in the interstitium of IPF. Conclusions Transcriptome analysis identified several novel IPF-related genes. Among them, CCL8 is a candidate molecule for the differential diagnosis and prediction of survival. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-016-0493-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Uk Lee
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Sub Cheong
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics, Inc., Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Shim
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Da-Jeong Bae
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hun Soo Chang
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea.,Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang, University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Soo-Taek Uh
- Division of Respiratory and Allergy Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, 1174, Jung Dong, Wonmi-Gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi Do, 420-021, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chunan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jong-Sook Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang, University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Bora Lee
- Department of Biostatistic Consulting, Soon Chun Hyang Medical Center, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hyoung Doo Shin
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics, Inc., Sogang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea. .,Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang, University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea.
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117
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Buendía-Roldán I, Ruiz V, Sierra P, Montes E, Ramírez R, Vega A, Salgado A, Vargas MH, Mejía M, Pardo A, Selman M. Increased Expression of CC16 in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168552. [PMID: 27977812 PMCID: PMC5158056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease of unknown etiology. The pathogenic mechanisms are unclear, but evidence indicates that aberrantly activated alveolar epithelial cells secrete a variety of mediators which induce the migration, proliferation and activation of fibroblasts and finally the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix with the consequent destruction of the lung parenchyma. CC16 (approved symbol SCGB1A1), a putative anti-inflammatory protein produced by “club” cells in the distal airways, has not been evaluated in IPF lungs. In this study, we determined the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) levels as well as the lung cell localization of this protein. Also, we explored the usefulness of serum levels of CC16 for the differential diagnosis of IPF (n = 85), compared with non-IPF interstitial lung diseases [chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (cHP; n = 85) and connective tissue diseases (CTD-ILD; n = 85)]. CC16 was significantly increased in serum and BAL fluids of IPF patients and was found not only in club cells but also in alveolar epithelial cells. When compared with non-IPF patients and controls, serum levels were significantly increased (p<0.0001). Sensitivity and specificity for CC16 (cut-off 41ng/mL) were 24% and 90%, positive predictive value 56% and negative predictive value 69%. These findings demonstrate that CC16 is upregulated in IPF patients suggesting that may participate in its pathogenesis. Although higher than the serum levels of non-IPF patients it shows modest sensitivity to be useful as a potential biomarker for the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivette Buendía-Roldán
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, México City, México
| | - Víctor Ruiz
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, México City, México
| | - Patricia Sierra
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, México City, México
| | - Eduardo Montes
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, México City, México
| | - Remedios Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Anita Vega
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, México City, México
| | - Alfonso Salgado
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, México City, México
| | - Mario H. Vargas
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, México City, México
| | - Mayra Mejía
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, México City, México
| | - Annie Pardo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Moisés Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, México City, México
- * E-mail:
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Martinez FJ, Chisholm A, Collard HR, Flaherty KR, Myers J, Raghu G, Walsh SLF, White ES, Richeldi L. The diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: current and future approaches. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2016; 5:61-71. [PMID: 27932290 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(16)30325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the recent development of two effective treatments for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, an accurate diagnosis is crucial. The traditional approach to diagnosis emphasises the importance of thorough clinical and laboratory evaluations to exclude secondary causes of disease. High-resolution CT is a critical initial diagnostic test and acts as a tool to identify patients who should undergo surgical lung biopsy to secure a definitive histological diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia pattern. This diagnostic approach faces several challenges. Many patients with suspected idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis present with atypical high-resolution CT characteristics but are unfit for surgical lung biopsy, therefore preventing a confident diagnosis. The state of the art suggests an iterative, multidisciplinary process that incorporates available clinical, laboratory, imaging, and histological features. Recent research has explored genomic techniques to molecularly phenotype patients with interstitial lung disease. In the future, clinicians will probably use blood-specific or lung-specific molecular markers in combination with other clinical, physiological, and imaging features to enhance diagnostic efforts, refine prognostic recommendations, and influence the initial or subsequent treatment options. There is an urgent and increasing need for well designed, large, prospective studies measuring the effect of different diagnostic approaches. Ultimately, this will help to inform the development of guidelines and tailor clinical practice for the benefit of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando J Martinez
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Harold R Collard
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin R Flaherty
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey Myers
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ganesh Raghu
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Simon L F Walsh
- Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Eric S White
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, A. Gemelli University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Min H, Fan S, Song S, Zhuang Y, Li H, Wu Y, Cai H, Yi L, Dai J, Gao Q. Plasma microRNAs are associated with acute exacerbation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Diagn Pathol 2016; 11:135. [PMID: 27881157 PMCID: PMC5120520 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-016-0583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) has high short-term mortality with unknown causes. To predict this malignant condition in clinics is challenging. In this study, we aim to demonstrate whether there are miRNAs that differ between AE-IPF and stable IPF, which may be served as reliable biomarker for AE-IPF prediction. METHODS Human fibrotic-associated miRNAs arrays were designed to detect miRNAs expression in plasma of 3 AE-IPF patients, 3 Stable-IPF (S-IPF) patients and 3 normal controls (NC). Differentially expressed miRNAs between AE-IPF and S-IPF patients were selected for further analyses. The validation studies were carried out in plasma of 12 AE-IPF patients, 45 S-IPF patients and 51 healthy control subjects. Signaling pathways and cellular processes interacted with validated miRNAs were predicted by DIANA-miRPath. RESULTS According to the array analysis, 6 miRNAs showed differentiated expression between AE-IPF and S-IPF patients (P < 0.05). In the validation studies, let-7d-5p was decreased in S-IPF and further decreased in AE-IPF, when compared to NC (0.0003 ± 0.0002 vs 0.003 ± 0.002, P < 0.01 and 0.0007 ± 0.0005 vs 0.003 ± 0.002, P < 0.01). While miR-25-3p was obviously decreased in S-IPF (0.0002 ± 0.0001 vs 0.0003 ± 0.0003, P < 0.01) but significantly increased in AE-IP (0.0023 ± 0.002 vs 0.0003 ± 0.0003, P < 0.01). In receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the areas under the curve (AUCs) of miR-25-3p and let-7d-5p were 0.83 and 0.75, respectively. The sensitivity at fixed specificity of 90% was improved from 50% to 66.7% when the two miRNAs were combined. The functional prediction of miRNAs suggested that the loss of anti-fibrotic capacity and the gain of uncontrolled cell growth may be required in AE-IPF pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, miR-25-3p and let-7d-5p in plasma were differentially expressed between AE-IPF and S-IPF. A combination of these two miRNAs may be a potential biomarker for AE-IPF from IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Min
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Rd., Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shanshan Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Rd., Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shiyu Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Rd., Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yi Zhuang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongzheng Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Rd., Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hourong Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Yi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Rd., Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jinghong Dai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qian Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Rd., Nanjing, 210093, China.
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Kusko RL, Brothers JF, Tedrow J, Pandit K, Huleihel L, Perdomo C, Liu G, Juan-Guardela B, Kass D, Zhang S, Lenburg M, Martinez F, Quackenbush J, Sciurba F, Limper A, Geraci M, Yang I, Schwartz DA, Beane J, Spira A, Kaminski N. Integrated Genomics Reveals Convergent Transcriptomic Networks Underlying Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 194:948-960. [PMID: 27104832 PMCID: PMC5067817 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201510-2026oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Despite shared environmental exposures, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are usually studied in isolation, and the presence of shared molecular mechanisms is unknown. OBJECTIVES We applied an integrative genomic approach to identify convergent transcriptomic pathways in emphysema and IPF. METHODS We defined the transcriptional repertoire of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, IPF, or normal histology lungs using RNA-seq (n = 87). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Genes increased in both emphysema and IPF relative to control were enriched for the p53/hypoxia pathway, a finding confirmed in an independent cohort using both gene expression arrays and the nCounter Analysis System (n = 193). Immunohistochemistry confirmed overexpression of HIF1A, MDM2, and NFKBIB members of this pathway in tissues from patients with emphysema or IPF. Using reads aligned across splice junctions, we determined that alternative splicing of p53/hypoxia pathway-associated molecules NUMB and PDGFA occurred more frequently in IPF or emphysema compared with control and validated these findings by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the nCounter Analysis System on an independent sample set (n = 193). Finally, by integrating parallel microRNA and mRNA-Seq data on the same samples, we identified MIR96 as a key novel regulatory hub in the p53/hypoxia gene-expression network and confirmed that modulation of MIR96 in vitro recapitulates the disease-associated gene-expression network. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest convergent transcriptional regulatory hubs in diseases as varied phenotypically as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and IPF and suggest that these hubs may represent shared key responses of the lung to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Kusko
- Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John F. Brothers
- Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Tedrow
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kusum Pandit
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Luai Huleihel
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Catalina Perdomo
- Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gang Liu
- Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brenda Juan-Guardela
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Daniel Kass
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sherry Zhang
- Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marc Lenburg
- Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fernando Martinez
- Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - John Quackenbush
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frank Sciurba
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Mark Geraci
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, UC Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Ivana Yang
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, UC Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - David A. Schwartz
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, UC Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Jennifer Beane
- Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Avrum Spira
- Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Kolahian S, Fernandez IE, Eickelberg O, Hartl D. Immune Mechanisms in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 55:309-22. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0121tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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123
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Latoche JD, Ufelle AC, Fazzi F, Ganguly K, Leikauf GD, Fattman CL. Secreted Phosphoprotein 1 and Sex-Specific Differences in Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1199-207. [PMID: 26955063 PMCID: PMC4977050 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1510335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrotic lung diseases occur predominantly in males, and reports describe better survival in affected females. Male mice are more sensitive to silica-induced lung fibrosis than silica-treated female mice. Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1, also known as osteopontin) increases in pulmonary fibrosis, and Spp1 transcription may be regulated by estrogen or estrogen receptor-related receptors. OBJECTIVE We determined whether differences in silica-induced SPP1 levels contribute to sex differences in lung fibrosis. METHODS Male and female mice were treated with 0.2 g/kg intratracheal silica, and lung injury was assessed 1, 3, or 14 days post-exposure. Gene-targeted (Spp1-/-) mice, control Spp1+/+ (C57BL/6J) mice, ovariectomized (OVX) female mice, and estrogen-treated male mice were treated with silica, and lung injury was assessed. RESULTS Silica-induced SPP1 in lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage, and serum increased more in male than in female mice. Following silica treatment, bronchoalveolar lavage cell infiltrates decreased in female Spp1-/- mice compared with female Spp1+/+ mice, and lung hydroxyproline decreased in male Spp1-/- mice compared with male Spp1+/+ mice. OVX female mice had increased lung SPP1 expression in response to silica compared with silica-treated sham female mice. Silica-induced lung collagen and hydroxyproline (markers of fibrosis), and SPP1 levels decreased in estrogen-treated males compared with untreated males. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that sex-specific differences in SPP1 levels contribute to the differential sensitivity of male and female mice to the development of silica-induced fibrosis. CITATION Latoche JD, Ufelle AC, Fazzi F, Ganguly K, Leikauf GD, Fattman CL. 2016. Secreted phosphoprotein 1 and sex-specific differences in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Environ Health Perspect 124:1199-1207; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510335.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Latoche
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexander Chukwuma Ufelle
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fabrizio Fazzi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Koustav Ganguly
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- SRM (Sri Ramaswamy Memorial) Research Institute, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - George D. Leikauf
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Fattman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Selman M, López-Otín C, Pardo A. Age-driven developmental drift in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2016; 48:538-52. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00398-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and usually lethal disease of unknown aetiology. A growing body of evidence supports that IPF represents an epithelial-driven process characterised by aberrant epithelial cell behaviour, fibroblast/myofibroblast activation and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix with the subsequent destruction of the lung architecture. The mechanisms involved in the abnormal hyper-activation of the epithelium are unclear, but we propose that recapitulation of pathways and processes critical to embryological development associated with a tissue specific age-related stochastic epigenetic drift may be implicated. These pathways may also contribute to the distinctive behaviour of IPF fibroblasts. Genomic and epigenomic studies have revealed that wingless/Int, sonic hedgehog and other developmental signalling pathways are reactivated and deregulated in IPF. Moreover, some of these pathways cross-talk with transforming growth factor-β activating a profibrotic feedback loop. The expression pattern of microRNAs is also dysregulated in IPF and exhibits a similar expression profile to embryonic lungs. In addition, senescence, a process usually associated with ageing, which occurs early in alveolar epithelial cells of IPF lungs, likely represents a conserved programmed developmental mechanism. Here, we review the major developmental pathways that get twisted in IPF, and discuss the connection with ageing and potential therapeutic approaches.
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125
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Bime C, Zhou T, Wang T, Slepian MJ, Garcia JGN, Hecker L. Reactive oxygen species-associated molecular signature predicts survival in patients with sepsis. Pulm Circ 2016; 6:196-201. [PMID: 27252846 DOI: 10.1086/685547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-related multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is a leading cause of death in intensive care units. There is overwhelming evidence that oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated multiple organ failure; however, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated biomarkers and/or diagnostics that define mortality or predict survival in sepsis are lacking. Lung or peripheral blood gene expression analysis has gained increasing recognition as a potential prognostic and/or diagnostic tool. The objective of this study was to identify ROS-associated biomarkers predictive of survival in patients with sepsis. In-silico analyses of expression profiles allowed the identification of a 21-gene ROS-associated molecular signature that predicts survival in sepsis patients. Importantly, this signature performed well in a validation cohort consisting of sepsis patients aggregated from distinct patient populations recruited from different sites. Our signature outperforms randomly generated signatures of the same signature gene size. Our findings further validate the critical role of ROSs in the pathogenesis of sepsis and provide a novel gene signature that predicts survival in sepsis patients. These results also highlight the utility of peripheral blood molecular signatures as biomarkers for predicting mortality risk in patients with sepsis, which could facilitate the development of personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bime
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Marvin J Slepian
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Louise Hecker
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; Southern Arizona Veterans Administration Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Abstract
Despite major research efforts leading to the recent approval of pirfenidone and nintedanib, the dismal prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains unchanged. The elaboration of international diagnostic criteria and disease stratification models based on clinical, physiological, radiological, and histopathological features has improved the accuracy of IPF diagnosis and prediction of mortality risk. Nevertheless, given the marked heterogeneity in clinical phenotype and the considerable overlap of IPF with other fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), about 10% of cases of pulmonary fibrosis remain unclassifiable. Moreover, currently available tools fail to detect early IPF, predict the highly variable course of the disease, and assess response to antifibrotic drugs. Recent advances in understanding the multiple interrelated pathogenic pathways underlying IPF have identified various molecular phenotypes resulting from complex interactions among genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, metabolic, and environmental factors. These different disease endotypes appear to confer variable susceptibility to the condition, differing risks of rapid progression, and, possibly, altered responses to therapy. The development and validation of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are necessary to enable a more precise and earlier diagnosis of IPF and to improve prediction of future disease behaviour. The availability of approved antifibrotic therapies together with potential new drugs currently under evaluation also highlights the need for biomarkers able to predict and assess treatment responsiveness, thereby allowing individualised treatment based on risk of progression and drug response. This approach of disease stratification and personalised medicine is already used in the routine management of many cancers and provides a potential road map for guiding clinical care in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Daccord
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Respiratory Medicine Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Toby M Maher
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Fibrosis Research Group, Imperial College, London, UK
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Miyazaki Y, Tsutsui T, Inase N. Treatment and monitoring of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12:953-62. [DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2016.1182426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Arakelyan A, Nersisyan L, Petrek M, Löffler-Wirth H, Binder H. Cartography of Pathway Signal Perturbations Identifies Distinct Molecular Pathomechanisms in Malignant and Chronic Lung Diseases. Front Genet 2016; 7:79. [PMID: 27200087 PMCID: PMC4859092 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases are described by a wide variety of developmental mechanisms and clinical manifestations. Accurate classification and diagnosis of lung diseases are the bases for development of effective treatments. While extensive studies are conducted toward characterization of various lung diseases at molecular level, no systematic approach has been developed so far. Here we have applied a methodology for pathway-centered mining of high throughput gene expression data to describe a wide range of lung diseases in the light of shared and specific pathway activity profiles. We have applied an algorithm combining a Pathway Signal Flow (PSF) algorithm for estimation of pathway activity deregulation states in lung diseases and malignancies, and a Self Organizing Maps algorithm for classification and clustering of the pathway activity profiles. The analysis results allowed clearly distinguish between cancer and non-cancer lung diseases. Lung cancers were characterized by pathways implicated in cell proliferation, metabolism, while non-malignant lung diseases were characterized by deregulations in pathways involved in immune/inflammatory response and fibrotic tissue remodeling. In contrast to lung malignancies, chronic lung diseases had relatively heterogeneous pathway deregulation profiles. We identified three groups of interstitial lung diseases and showed that the development of characteristic pathological processes, such as fibrosis, can be initiated by deregulations in different signaling pathways. In conclusion, this paper describes the pathobiology of lung diseases from systems viewpoint using pathway centered high-dimensional data mining approach. Our results contribute largely to current understanding of pathological events in lung cancers and non-malignant lung diseases. Moreover, this paper provides new insight into molecular mechanisms of a number of interstitial lung diseases that have been studied to a lesser extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsen Arakelyan
- Group of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of SciencesYerevan, Armenia; College of Science and Engineering, American University of ArmeniaYerevan, Armenia
| | - Lilit Nersisyan
- Group of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of SciencesYerevan, Armenia; College of Science and Engineering, American University of ArmeniaYerevan, Armenia
| | - Martin Petrek
- Laboratory of Immunogenomics, Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University Olomouc Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Henry Löffler-Wirth
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans Binder
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
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Zhou Q, Chen T, Zhang W, Bozkanat M, Li Y, Xiao L, van Breemen RB, Christman JW, Sznajder JI, Zhou G. Suppression of von Hippel-Lindau Protein in Fibroblasts Protects against Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:728-39. [PMID: 26488390 PMCID: PMC4942192 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0111oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have reported that von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL) expression is elevated in human and mouse fibrotic lungs and that overexpression of pVHL stimulates fibroblast proliferation. We sought to determine whether loss of pVHL in fibroblasts prevents injury and fibrosis in mice that are treated with bleomycin. We generated heterozygous fibroblast-specific pVHL (Fsp-VHL) knockdown mice (Fsp-VHL(+/-)) and homozygous Fsp-VHL knockout mice (Fsp-VHL(-/-)) by crossbreeding vhlh 2-lox mice (VHL(fl/fl)) with Fsp-Cre recombinase mice. Our data show that Fsp-VHL(-/-) mice, but not Fsp-VHL(+/-) mice, have elevated red blood cell counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin content, and expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) targets, indicating HIF activation. To examine the role of pVHL in bleomycin-induced lung injury and fibrosis in vivo, we administered PBS or bleomycin to age-, sex-, and strain-matched 8-week-old VHL(fl/fl), Fsp-VHL(+/-), and Fsp-VHL(-/-) mice. In Fsp-VHL(+/-) and Fsp-VHL(-/-) mice, bleomycin-induced collagen accumulation, fibroblast proliferation, differentiation, and matrix protein dysregulation were markedly attenuated. Suppression of pVHL also decreased bleomycin-induced Wnt signaling and prostaglandin E2 signaling but did not affect bleomycin-induced initial acute lung injury and lung inflammation. These results indicate that pVHL has a pivotal role in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, possibly via an HIF-independent pathway. Paradoxically, pVHL does not affect bleomycin-induced lung injury and inflammation, indicating a separation of the mechanisms involved in injury/inflammation from those involved in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and
| | | | | | - Lei Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, and
| | | | - John W. Christman
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jacob I. Sznajder
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Guofei Zhou
- Departments of Pediatrics and
- Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Adegunsoye A, Oldham JM, Demchuk C, Montner S, Vij R, Strek ME. Predictors of survival in coexistent hypersensitivity pneumonitis with autoimmune features. Respir Med 2016; 114:53-60. [PMID: 27109811 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), an immune-mediated inflammatory interstitial lung disease (ILD), can result from exposure to several well-recognized antigens. Despite antigen avoidance, progressive pulmonary fibrosis and death can occur, suggesting that additional factors may contribute to disease activity. We hypothesized that the presence of autoimmunity might impact clinical course in patients with HP. In this study, we examined an HP cohort to identify those with HP and autoimmune features (HPAF), and determine its prevalence and outcomes. METHODS The University of Chicago ILD registry was screened to identify patients with HP. Patients were characterized as HPAF if they had an autoimmune disease or features of autoimmunity, defined as the presence of specific connective tissue disease (CTD) symptoms and serologies. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes were compared between groups. Survival analysis was performed using Cox regression to identify predictors of transplant-free survival in this cohort. RESULTS One hundred twenty patients with chronic, fibrotic HP were identified. Of these, 18/120 (15%) were characterized as HPAF. Compared to those without evidence of autoimmunity, patients with HPAF had a higher proportion of females (54% vs. 83%, respectively; p = 0.02) but were otherwise similar with regard to clinical characteristics. The presence of autoimmunity was an independent predictor of increased mortality (HR 4.45; 95% CI 1.43-13.88; p = 0.01) after multivariable adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Fifteen percent of patients with chronic, fibrotic HP displayed evidence of a concurrent defined autoimmune disease or autoimmune features suggestive of CTD. The presence of autoimmunity in patients with chronic, fibrotic HP may portend a poorer prognosis. Future studies are needed to validate these findings and determine the impact of immunosuppressive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Adegunsoye
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago IL 60637, USA.
| | - Justin M Oldham
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago IL 60637, USA
| | - Carley Demchuk
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago IL 60637, USA
| | - Steven Montner
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago IL 60637, USA
| | - Rekha Vij
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago IL 60637, USA
| | - Mary E Strek
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago IL 60637, USA
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Pardo A, Cabrera S, Maldonado M, Selman M. Role of matrix metalloproteinases in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2016; 17:23. [PMID: 26944412 PMCID: PMC4779202 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and devastating lung disorder of unknown origin, with very poor prognosis and no effective treatment. The disease is characterized by abnormal activation of alveolar epithelial cells, which secrete numerous mediators involved in the expansion of the fibroblast population, its differentiation to myofibroblasts, and in the exaggerated accumulation of extracellular matrix provoking the loss of lung architecture. Among the excessively produced mediators are several matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) which may contribute to modify the lung microenvironment by various mechanisms. Thus, these enzymes can not only degrade all the components of the extracellular matrix, but they are also able to release, cleave and activate a wide range of growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and cell surface receptors affecting numerous cell functions including adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, recruiting and transmigration, and apoptosis. Therefore, dysregulated expression of MMPs may have profound impact on the biopathological mechanisms implicated in the development of IPF. This review focuses on the current and emerging evidence regarding the role of MMPs on the fibrotic processes in IPF as well as in mouse models of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Pardo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF, Mexico.
| | - Sandra Cabrera
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF, Mexico
| | - Mariel Maldonado
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF, Mexico
| | - Moisés Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, México, DF, Mexico
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Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: important considerations in the work-up of this fibrotic lung disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2016; 21:171-7. [PMID: 25584937 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis is increasingly recognized as an important mimic of other fibrotic lung diseases. This review will summarize recent data regarding the importance and difficulty of determining causative exposures both for accurate diagnosis and prognosis, and describe the expanded pathologic spectrum of the disease, the effects of fibrosis on prognosis and challenges in the diagnostic evaluation. RECENT FINDINGS Several recent publications show the potential pathologic patterns induced by chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis are broader than the classic triad of bronchiolitis, interstitial infiltrates and granulomas. Other pathologic patterns include nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, usual interstitial pneumonia, organizing pneumonia, bronchiolitis and airway centric fibrosis. Detecting a causative antigen in fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis is challenging but critically important both for accurate diagnosis and improved prognosis. The prognosis in hypersensitivity pneumonitis worsens in the presence of fibrosis, but it remains significantly better than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. SUMMARY Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is increasingly recognized as an important cause of fibrotic interstitial lung disease. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis demonstrates a remarkable tendency to mimic other idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. A detailed exposure history remains a cornerstone of diagnosis and management.
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SCHWARTZ DAVIDA. IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS IS A COMPLEX GENETIC DISORDER. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN CLINICAL AND CLIMATOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2016; 127:34-45. [PMID: 28066036 PMCID: PMC5216513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a complex, heterogeneous genetic disorder that is associated with rare and common sequence variants in many genes (MUC5B, SFTPC, SFTPA2, RTEL1, TERT, and hTR), 11 novel loci, and multiple emerging epigenetic and transcriptional profiles. In the past 5 years, we have found that: 1) genetic risk variants play major and similar roles in the development of both familial and sporadic fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, accounting for up to 35% of the risk of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (a disease that was previously thought to be idiopathic); 2) a promoter variant in MUC5B rs35705950 is the strongest risk factor for the development of IIP and IPF; however, rs35705950 has a low penetrance; and 3) IPF is a complex genetic disease with 11 independent loci contributing to the development of this disease, pronounced changes in DNA methylation, and transcriptional subtypes. In aggregate, these findings suggest that IPF is a heterogeneous disease and that genetic and molecular subtypes of IPF will provide essential clues to disease pathogenesis, prognosis, treatment, and survival, all of which remain major problems in understanding and treating patients with IPF. Although the basic biological mechanisms involved in IPF are emerging, the disease is heterogeneous pathologically and the final common pathways of fibrogenesis are not well understood. These observations lead us to postulate that the etiology and severity/extent of this complex condition will best be understood through an integrated approach that accounts for inherited factors, epigenetic marks, and dynamic changes in the transcriptome.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a complex syndrome characterized by a combination of inflammation and fibrosis located in both the airways and the lung parenchyma. Both diagnosis and treatment are a real challenge for physicians. This review will focus on recent developments in this emerging field; furthermore, we will emphasize major gaps in the current knowledge, to stimulate further research in this field. RECENT FINDINGS The main diagnostic issue is not to miss the entity as the clinical presentation is extremely variable even as the nature of the causal antigen. This article provides an overview of current ways to uncover possible causes of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. A problem of another kind is treatment of this disorder. Crucial in treatment is antigen avoidance, often in combination with immunosuppressive agents. The treatment of acute forms is rather straightforward, but the biggest endeavour, however, is treatment of chronic forms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, which not always respond to immunosuppressive agents. Therefore, new initiatives should be taken in order to help clinicians in making a proper diagnosis and develop more efficacious treatment especially for patients suffering from chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. SUMMARY Diagnosis and treatment of hypersensitivity pneumonitis remain a real challenge; this article provides an overview of our current understanding and points out new opportunities for further research.
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135
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Ojanguren I, Cruz MJ, Villar A, Barrecheguren M, Morell F, Muñoz X. Utility of Exhaled Nitric Oxide Fraction for the Diagnosis of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. Lung 2015; 194:75-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-015-9824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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136
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Antifibrotic properties of receptor for advanced glycation end products in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2015; 35:34-41. [PMID: 26545872 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive chronic interstitial lung disease with poor survival. Previous reports suggested the contributory effect of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) to the pathogenesis of IPF. But the findings are controversial. The present in vivo study with RAGE null mice, we further confirmed the evidence that lack of RAGE evolves worse bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis compared with control mice. Moreover, RAGE null mice spontaneously developed similar pathogenesis of lung fibrosis via immunohistochemical staining. In addition, we investigated the negative roles of RAGE on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) indicated by elevated α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen-I (Col-I) deposition in A549 cell treated with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), all of which were blocked by sRAGE, a decoy receptor. Furthermore, interacting with the specific ligand as AGE, RAGE blocked TGF-β-induced activation of Smad2, ERK and JNK signals in A549 cells, which were also challenged by sRAGE administration. This present study confirmed an important role of RAGE in vivo and vitro models of pulmonary fibrosis and suggested the therapeutic possibility for pulmonary fibrosis via RAGE regulation.
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137
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Chronic Activation of the Renin-Angiotensin System Induces Lung Fibrosis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15561. [PMID: 26494430 PMCID: PMC4616037 DOI: 10.1038/srep15561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a serious lung disorder that can lead to respiratory failure. Here we show that transgenic mice expressing active renin from the liver (RenTgMK) developed progressive pulmonary fibrosis leading to impaired pulmonary function. Histological analyses revealed a marked increase in extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and decrease in alveolar size in the lungs of RenTgMK mice compared to wild-type (WT) littermates, accompanied with increased expression of ECM proteins and fibrogenic factors. The increase in lung fibrosis led to a substantial decrease in respiratory system compliance. Two-week treatment with aliskiren (renin inhibitor) or losartan (AT1 antagonist) ameliorated pulmonary ECM deposition, blocked the induction of ECM proteins and fibrogenic factors and improved respiratory compliance in RenTgMK mice, confirming a critical role of the renin-Ang II-AT1 cascade in promoting pulmonary fibrogenesis. However, when RenTgMK mice were treated with hydralazine (a smooth muscle relaxant), the blood pressure was normalized but the lung fibrotic abnormalities, fibrogenic gene induction and pulmonary elasticity were not corrected. Moreover, intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide induced more severe lung injury in RenTgMK mice compared to WT littermates. These observations demonstrate that the renin-angiotensin system is a key mediator of lung fibrosis, and its pro-fibrotic effect is independent of blood pressure.
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138
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Fluorofenidone attenuates TGF-β1-induced lung fibroblast activation via restoring the expression of caveolin-1. Shock 2015; 43:201-7. [PMID: 25394239 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. We previously showed that fluorofenidone (FD), a novel pyridine agent, can attenuate bleomycin-induced experimental pulmonary fibrosis and restore the production of caveolin-1. In this study, we explore mainly whether caveolin-1 plays a critical role in the anti-pulmonary fibrosis effects of FD in vitro. The normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLFs) were cultured with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and then were treated with FD. Subsequently, NHLFs transfected with cav-1-siRNA were treated with TGF-β1 and/or FD. The expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, collagen I, caveolin-1, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and phosphorylated P38 were measured by Western blot and/or real-time polymerase chain reaction. Fluorofenidone attenuated TGF-β1-induced expressions of α-SMA, fibronectin, and collagen I; inhibited phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and P38; and restored caveolin-1 protein expression but cannot increase caveolin-1 mRNA level in vitro. After caveolin-1 was silenced, FD could not downregulate TGF-β1-induced expressions of α-SMA, fibronectin, and collagen I or phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and P38. These studies demonstrate that FD, a potential antifibrotic agent, may attenuate TGF-β1-induced activation of NHLFs by restoring the expression of caveolin-1.
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139
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Interleukin-17A and Neutrophils in a Murine Model of Bird-Related Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137978. [PMID: 26367130 PMCID: PMC4569356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immune mediated lung disease induced by the repeated inhalation of a wide variety of antigens. Bird-related hypersensitivity pneumonitis (BRHP) is one of the most common forms of HP in human and results from the inhalation of avian antigens. The findings of a recent clinical analysis suggest that in addition to Th1 factors, the levels of interleukin(IL)-17 and IL-17-associated transcripts are increased in the setting of HP, and that both IL-17A and neutrophils are crucial for the development of pulmonary inflammation in murine models of HP. Our objectives were to investigate the roles of IL-17A and neutrophils in granuloma-forming inflammation in an acute HP model. We developed a mouse model of acute BRHP using pigeon dropping extract. We evaluated the process of granuloma formation and the roles of both IL-17A and neutrophils in a model. We found that the neutralization of IL-17A by the antibody attenuated granuloma formation and the recruitment of neutrophils, and also decreased the expression level of chemokine(C-X-C motif) ligand 5 (CXCL5) in the acute HP model. We confirmed that most of the neutrophils in the acute HP model exhibited immunoreactivity to the anti-IL-17 antibody. We have identified the central roles of both IL-17A and neutrophils in the pathogenesis of granuloma formation in acute HP. We have also assumed that neutrophils are an important source of IL-17A in an acute HP model, and that the IL-17A-CXCL5 pathway may be responsible for the recruitment of neutrophils.
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140
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Yang J, Wang L, Wang T, Chen C, Han L, Ji X, Wu B, Han R, Ni C. Associations of MMP-7 and OPN gene polymorphisms with risk of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis in a Chinese population: a case-control study. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27:641-8. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1080774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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141
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease with limited treatment options and extensive gene expression changes identified in the lung parenchyma. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that epigenetic factors contribute to dysregulation of gene expression in IPF lung. Most importantly, risk factors that predispose to IPF - age, sex, cigarette smoke, and genetic variants - all influence epigenetic marks. This review summarizes recent findings of association of DNA methylation and histone modifications with the presence of disease and fibroproliferation. RECENT FINDINGS In addition to targeted studies focused on specific gene loci, genome-wide profiles of DNA methylation demonstrate widespread DNA methylation changes in IPF lung tissue and a substantial effect of these methylation changes on gene expression. Genetic loci that have been recently associated with IPF also contain differentially methylated regions, suggesting that genetic and epigenetic factors act in concert to dysregulate gene expression in IPF lung. SUMMARY Although we are in very early stages of understanding the role of epigenetics in IPF, the potential for the use of epigenetic marks as biomarkers and therapeutic targets is high and discoveries made in this field will likely bring us closer to better prognosticating and treating this fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britney A. Helling
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora CO
| | - Ivana V. Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora CO
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora CO
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver CO
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142
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Zhu Y, Wang W, Wang X. Roles of transcriptional factor 7 in production of inflammatory factors for lung diseases. J Transl Med 2015; 13:273. [PMID: 26289446 PMCID: PMC4543455 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung disease is the major cause of death and hospitalization worldwide. Transcription factors such as transcription factor 7 (TCF7) are involved in the pathogenesis of lung diseases. TCF7 is important for T cell development and differentiation, embryonic development, or tumorogenesis. Multiple TCF7 isoforms can be characterized by the full-length isoform (FL-TCF7) as a transcription activator, or dominant negative isoform (dn-TCF7) as a transcription repressor. TCF7 interacts with multiple proteins or target genes and participates in several signal pathways critical for lung diseases. TCF7 is involved in pulmonary infection, allergy or asthma through promoting T cells differentiating to Th2 or memory T cells. TCF7 also works in tissue repair and remodeling after acute lung injury. The dual roles of TCF7 in lung cancers were discussed and it is associated with the cellular proliferation, invasion or metastasis. Thus, TCF7 plays critical roles in lung diseases and should be considered as a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Zhu
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Fenglin Rd 180, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - William Wang
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Fenglin Rd 180, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Fenglin Rd 180, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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143
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Roach KM, Feghali-Bostwick CA, Amrani Y, Bradding P. Lipoxin A4 Attenuates Constitutive and TGF-β1-Dependent Profibrotic Activity in Human Lung Myofibroblasts. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:2852-60. [PMID: 26276873 PMCID: PMC4560490 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common, progressive, and invariably lethal interstitial lung disease with no effective therapy. The key cell driving the development of fibrosis is the myofibroblast. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is an anti-inflammatory lipid, important in the resolution of inflammation, and it has potential antifibrotic activity. However, the effects of LXA4 on primary human lung myofibroblasts (HLMFs) have not previously been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of LXA4 on TGF-β1–dependent responses in IPF- and nonfibrotic control (NFC)–derived HLMFs. HLMFs were isolated from IPF and NFC patients and grown in vitro. The effects of LXA4 on HLMF proliferation, collagen secretion, α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression, and Smad2/3 activation were examined constitutively and following TGF-β1 stimulation. The LXA4 receptor (ALXR) was expressed in both NFC- and IPF-derived HLMFs. LXA4 (10−10 and 10−8 mol) reduced constitutive αSMA expression, actin stress fiber formation, contraction, and nuclear Smad2/3, indicating regression from a myofibroblast to fibroblast phenotype. LXA4 also significantly inhibited FBS-dependent proliferation and TGF-β1–dependent collagen secretion, αSMA expression, and Smad2/3 nuclear translocation in IPF-derived HLMFs. LXA4 did not inhibit Smad2/3 phosphorylation. In summary, LXA4 attenuated profibrotic HLMF activity and promoted HLMF regression to a quiescent fibroblast phenotype. LXA4 or its stable analogs delivered by aerosol may offer a novel approach to the treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy M Roach
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom; and
| | - Carol A Feghali-Bostwick
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Yassine Amrani
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom; and
| | - Peter Bradding
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom; and
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144
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Buckley S, Shi W, Xu W, Frey MR, Moats R, Pardo A, Selman M, Warburton D. Increased alveolar soluble annexin V promotes lung inflammation and fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2015; 46:1417-29. [PMID: 26160872 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00002115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The causes underlying the self-perpetuating nature of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a progressive and usually lethal disease, remain unknown. We hypothesised that alveolar soluble annexin V contributes to lung fibrosis, based on the observation that human IPF bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) containing high annexin V levels promoted fibroblast involvement in alveolar epithelial wound healing that was reduced when annexin V was depleted from the BALF. Conditioned medium from annexin V-treated alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AEC2), but not annexin V per se, induced proliferation of human fibroblasts and contained pro-fibrotic, IPF-associated proteins, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines that were found to correlate tightly (r>0.95) with annexin V levels in human BALF. ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase in AECs was activated by annexin V, and blockade reduced the fibrotic potential of annexin V-treated AEC-conditioned medium. In vivo, aerosol delivery of annexin V to mouse lung induced inflammation, fibrosis and increased hydroxyproline, with activation of Wnt, transforming growth factor-β, mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB signalling pathways, as seen in IPF. Chronically increased alveolar annexin V levels, as reflected in increased IPF BALF levels, may contribute to the progression of IPF by inducing the release of pro-fibrotic mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Buckley
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark R Frey
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rex Moats
- Imaging Core Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Annie Pardo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, México
| | - Moises Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", México DF, México
| | - David Warburton
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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145
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Hambly N, Shimbori C, Kolb M. Molecular classification of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: personalized medicine, genetics and biomarkers. Respirology 2015; 20:1010-22. [PMID: 26109466 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive fibrotic lung disease associated with high morbidity and poor survival. Characterized by substantial disease heterogeneity, the diagnostic considerations, clinical course and treatment response in individual patients can be variable. In the past decade, with the advent of high-throughput proteomic and genomic technologies, our understanding of the pathogenesis of IPF has greatly improved and has led to the recognition of novel treatment targets and numerous putative biomarkers. Molecular biomarkers with mechanistic plausibility are highly desired in IPF, where they have the potential to accelerate drug development, facilitate early detection in susceptible individuals, improve prognostic accuracy and inform treatment recommendations. Although the search for candidate biomarkers remains in its infancy, attractive targets such as MUC5B and MPP7 have already been validated in large cohorts and have demonstrated their potential to improve clinical predictors beyond that of routine clinical practices. The discovery and implementation of future biomarkers will face many challenges, but with strong collaborative efforts among scientists, clinicians and the industry the ultimate goal of personalized medicine may be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Hambly
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chiko Shimbori
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Kolb
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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146
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Morais A, Beltrão M, Sokhatska O, Costa D, Melo N, Mota P, Marques A, Delgado L. Serum metalloproteinases 1 and 7 in the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other interstitial pneumonias. Respir Med 2015; 109:1063-8. [PMID: 26174192 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accurate diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has important therapeutic and prognostic implications and would be greatly aided by reliable diagnostic biomarkers as IPF has sometimes overlapping features with other interstitial lung diseases (ILD). OBJECTIVES To explore the value of serum metalloproteinases (MMP) 1 and 7 levels in the differential diagnosis of IPF with other ILD. METHODS MMP-1/7 serum levels were measured using Luminex xMAP technology in 139 patients- 47 IPF, 36 non-IPF Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP), 14 idiopathic Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia (iNSIP), 29 secondary NSIP (secNSIP), 13 stage IV sarcoidosis- and 20 healthy controls, and compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS MMP-1 was significantly higher in IPF than non-IPF UIP (P = .042) and sarcoidosis (P = .027). MMP-7 was significantly higher in IPF than controls (P < .001), non-IPF UIP (P = .003), secNSIP (P < .001), and sarcoidosis (P < .001). The Area Under the Curve for IPF versus other ILD was 0.63 (95%CI, 0.53-0.73) for MMP-1, 0.73 (95%CI, 0.65-0.81) for MMP-7, and 0.74 (95%CI, 0.66-0.82) for MMP-1/MMP-7 combined. Sensitivity and specificity for MMP-7 cutoff = 3.91 ng/mL was 72.3% and 66.3%, respectively, Positive Predictive Values = 52.3% and Negative Predictive Values = 82.4%. CONCLUSIONS MMP-1 and particularly MMP-7 serum levels were significantly higher in IPF than in non-IPF UIP, the main entity in differential diagnosis. The value of these biomarkers as additional tools in a multidisciplinary approach to IPF diagnosis needs to be considered and further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Morais
- Pneumology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marília Beltrão
- Laboratory of Immunology, Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Oksana Sokhatska
- Laboratory of Immunology, Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Costa
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, Faculdade de Medicina, Portugal; EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Natalia Melo
- Pneumology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Patricia Mota
- Pneumology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Marques
- Pneumology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Delgado
- Laboratory of Immunology, Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Centre for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS), University of Porto, Portugal
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147
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Kim SY, Diggans J, Pankratz D, Huang J, Pagan M, Sindy N, Tom E, Anderson J, Choi Y, Lynch DA, Steele MP, Flaherty KR, Brown KK, Farah H, Bukstein MJ, Pardo A, Selman M, Wolters PJ, Nathan SD, Colby TV, Myers JL, Katzenstein ALA, Raghu G, Kennedy GC. Classification of usual interstitial pneumonia in patients with interstitial lung disease: assessment of a machine learning approach using high-dimensional transcriptional data. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2015; 3:473-82. [DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(15)00140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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148
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Maher TM. Transcriptional phenotyping of fibrotic lung disease: a new gold standard? THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2015; 3:423-4. [PMID: 26003388 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(15)00184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toby M Maher
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Fibrosis Research Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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149
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Spagnolo P, Wells AU, Collard HR. Pharmacological treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an update. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:514-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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150
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Kaarteenaho R, Lappi-Blanco E. Tissue is an issue in the search for biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2015; 8:3. [PMID: 25733981 PMCID: PMC4346107 DOI: 10.1186/s13069-015-0020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biological markers, i.e., biomarkers, in lung tissue may make it possible to connect cell biological phenomena to the pathogenetic mechanisms in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This review focuses on the lung tissue biomarkers, which have been compared with relevant clinical endpoints or with the most common differential diagnostic lung diseases. In addition, studies conducted on lung tissue samples and investigated by transcriptomic or proteomic methodologies have been included. Several studies have observed changes in alveolar epithelium and extracellular matrix supporting the current hypotheses of the pathogenesis of IPF. In many studies, however, alterations in inflammatory cells have been revealed, a phenomenon not currently incorporated into pathogenetic theories. Combining lung tissue material with other non-solid organs with clinically meaningful endpoints may prove to be the most beneficial approach in the search for non-invasive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riitta Kaarteenaho
- Respiratory Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ; Respiratory Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ; Unit of Medicine and Clinical Research, Pulmonary Division, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ; Center for Medicine and Clinical Research, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elisa Lappi-Blanco
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland ; Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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