101
|
Weeks KL, Avkiran M. Roles and post-translational regulation of cardiac class IIa histone deacetylase isoforms. J Physiol 2014; 593:1785-97. [PMID: 25362149 PMCID: PMC4405742 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.282442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is an integral component of pathological cardiac remodelling in response to mechanical and chemical stresses in settings such as chronic hypertension or myocardial infarction. For hypertrophy to ensue, the pertinent mechanical and chemical signals need to be transmitted from membrane sensors (such as receptors for neurohormonal mediators) to the cardiomyocyte nucleus, leading to altered transcription of the genes that regulate cell growth. In recent years, nuclear histone deacetylases (HDACs) have attracted considerable attention as signal-responsive, distal regulators of the transcriptional reprogramming that in turn precipitates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, with particular focus on the role of members of the class IIa family, such as HDAC4 and HDAC5. These histone deacetylase isoforms appear to repress cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through mechanisms that involve protein interactions in the cardiomyocyte nucleus, particularly with pro-hypertrophic transcription factors, rather than via histone deacetylation. In contrast, evidence indicates that class I HDACs promote cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through mechanisms that are dependent on their enzymatic activity and thus sensitive to pharmacological HDAC inhibitors. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding the roles of post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, oxidation and proteolytic cleavage in regulating class IIa HDAC localisation and function, more work is required to explore the contributions of other PTMs, such as ubiquitination and sumoylation, as well as potential cross-regulatory interactions between distinct PTMs and between class IIa and class I HDAC isoforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Metin Avkiran
- Corresponding author M. Avkiran: Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas’ Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Histone deacetylases as therapeutic targets--from cancer to cardiac disease. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 147:55-62. [PMID: 25444758 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a major public health problem in western society. Recently, agents that inhibit histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes were developed and approved by the FDA as anticancer agents. This breakthrough has provided the motivation to develop more potent and more selective HDAC inhibitors and to target other pathologic conditions with these drugs. Here we review experimental evidence showing that these drugs may be beneficial in preventing cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Several lines of evidence show that inhibitors of Class I HDACs can blunt cardiac hypertrophy and preserve cardiac function in several small animal models. In contrast, Class IIa HDACs appear to be suppressors of hypertrophy, though experimental data with small molecule blockers of this class is largely lacking. The effects of HDAC inhibition in cardiac diseases, the cell population in the heart that is targeted by HDAC blockers, as well as the relative roles of specific HDACs are still under intense investigation.
Collapse
|
103
|
The Huntington's disease-related cardiomyopathy prevents a hypertrophic response in the R6/2 mouse model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108961. [PMID: 25268775 PMCID: PMC4182603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is neurodegenerative disorder for which the mutation results in an extra-long tract of glutamines that causes the huntingtin protein to aggregate. It is characterized by neurological symptoms and brain pathology that is associated with nuclear and cytoplasmic aggregates and with transcriptional deregulation. Despite the fact that HD has been recognized principally as a neurological disease, there are multiple epidemiological studies showing that HD patients exhibit a high rate of cardiovascular events leading to heart failure. To unravel the mechanistic basis of cardiac dysfunction in HD, we employed a wide range of molecular techniques using the well-established genetic R6/2 mouse model that develop a considerable degree of the cardiac atrophy at end stage disease. We found that chronic treatment with isoproterenol, a potent beta-adrenoreceptor agonist, did not change the overall gross morphology of the HD murine hearts. However, there was a partial response to the beta-adrenergenic stimulation by the further re-expression of foetal genes. In addition we have profiled the expression level of Hdacs in the R6/2 murine hearts and found that the isoproterenol stimulation of Hdac expression was partially blocked. For the first time we established the Hdac transcriptional profile under hypertrophic conditions and found 10 out of 18 Hdacs to be markedly deregulated. Therefore, we conclude that R6/2 murine hearts are not able to respond to the chronic isoproterenol treatment to the same degree as wild type hearts and some of the hypertrophic signals are likely attenuated in the symptomatic HD animals.
Collapse
|
104
|
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Di Salvo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt Heart and Vascular Institute, Nashville TN
| | - Saptarsi M. Haldar
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland OH
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Eom GH, Kook H. Posttranslational modifications of histone deacetylases: Implications for cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 143:168-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
106
|
De Raaf MA, Hussaini AA, Gomez-Arroyo J, Kraskaukas D, Farkas D, Happé C, Voelkel NF, Bogaard HJ. Histone deacetylase inhibition with trichostatin A does not reverse severe angioproliferative pulmonary hypertension in rats (2013 Grover Conference series). Pulm Circ 2014; 4:237-43. [PMID: 25006442 DOI: 10.1086/675986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rapidly progressive and devastating disease characterized by remodeling of lung vessels, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, and eventually right ventricular hypertrophy and failure. Because histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are agents hampering tumor growth and cardiac hypertrophy, they have been attributed a therapeutic potential for patients with PAH. Outcomes of studies evaluating the use of HDAC inhibitors in models of PAH and right ventricular pressure overload have been equivocal, however. Here we describe the levels of HDAC activity in the lungs and hearts of rats with pulmonary hypertension and right heart hypertrophy or failure, experimentally induced by monocrotaline (MCT), the combined exposure to the VEGF-R inhibitor SU5416 and hypoxia (SuHx), and pulmonary artery banding (PAB). We show that HDAC activity levels are reduced in the lungs of rat with experimentally induced hypertension, whereas activity levels are increased in the hypertrophic hearts. In contrast to what was previously found in the MCT model, the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A had no effect on pulmonary vascular remodeling in the SuHx model. When our results and those in the published literature are taken together, it is suggested that the effects of HDAC inhibitors in humans with PAH and associated RV failure are, at best, unpredictable. Significant progress can perhaps be made by using more specific HDAC inhibitors, but before clinical tests in human PAH can be undertaken, careful preclinical studies are required to determine potential cardiotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Alexander De Raaf
- Department of Pulmonology, Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Knowledge Centre, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aysar Al Hussaini
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jose Gomez-Arroyo
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Donatas Kraskaukas
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniela Farkas
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Chris Happé
- Department of Pulmonology, Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Knowledge Centre, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert F Voelkel
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonology, Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Knowledge Centre, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Nural-Guvener HF, Zakharova L, Nimlos J, Popovic S, Mastroeni D, Gaballa MA. HDAC class I inhibitor, Mocetinostat, reverses cardiac fibrosis in heart failure and diminishes CD90+ cardiac myofibroblast activation. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2014; 7:10. [PMID: 25024745 PMCID: PMC4094898 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-7-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interstitial fibrosis and fibrotic scar formation contribute to cardiac remodeling and loss of cardiac function in myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure. Recent studies showed that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors retard fibrosis formation in acute MI settings. However, it is unknown whether HDAC inhibition can reverse cardiac fibrosis in ischemic heart failure. In addition, specific HDAC isoforms involved in cardiac fibrosis and myofibroblast activation are not well defined. Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine the effects of selective class I HDAC inhibition on cardiac fibroblasts activation and cardiac fibrosis in a congestive heart failure (CHF) model secondary to MI. METHODS MI was created by left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery occlusion. Class I HDACs were selectively inhibited via Mocetinostat in CD90+ fibroblasts isolated from atrial and ventricular heart tissue in vitro. In vivo, Class I HDACs were inhibited in 3 weeks post MI rats by injecting Mocetinostat for the duration of 3 weeks. Cardiac function and heart tissue were analyzed at 6 weeks post MI. RESULTS In sham hearts, HDAC1 and HDAC2 displayed differential expression patterns where HDAC1 mainly expressed in cardiac fibroblast and HDAC2 in cardiomyocytes. On the other hand, we showed that HDAC1 and 2 were upregulated in CHF hearts, and were found to co-localize with CD90+ cardiac fibroblasts. In vivo treatment of CHF animals with Mocetinostat improved left ventricle end diastolic pressure and dp/dt max and decreased the total collagen amount. In vitro treatment of CD90+ cells with Mocetinostat reversed myofibroblast phenotype as indicated by a decrease in α-Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Collagen III, and Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2). Furthermore, Mocetinostat increased E-cadherin, induced β-catenin localization to the membrane, and reduced Akt/GSK3β signaling in atrial cardiac fibroblasts. In addition, Mocetinostat treatment of atrial CD90+ cells upregulated cleaved-Caspase3 and activated the p53/p21 axis. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results demonstrate upregulation of HDAC1 and 2 in CHF. In addition, HDAC inhibition reverses interstitial fibrosis in CHF. Possible anti-fibrotic actions of HDAC inhibition include reversal of myofibroblast activation and induction of cell cycle arrest/apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hikmet F Nural-Guvener
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 W. Santa Fe Drive, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
| | - Luidmila Zakharova
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 W. Santa Fe Drive, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
| | - James Nimlos
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 W. Santa Fe Drive, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
| | - Snjezana Popovic
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 W. Santa Fe Drive, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
| | - Diego Mastroeni
- L. J Roberts Center for Alzheimer’s Research at Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Mohamed A Gaballa
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 W. Santa Fe Drive, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Abstract
There is a worldwide epidemic of cardiovascular diseases causing not only a public health issue but also accounting for trillions of dollars of healthcare expenditure. Studies pertaining to epidemiology, pathophysiology, molecular biology, gene identification and genetic linkage maps have been able to lay a strong foundation for both the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular medicine. Although the concept of 'epigenetics' is not recent, the term in current usage is extended from the initial concept of 'controlling developmental gene expression and signaling pathways in undifferentiated zygotes' to include heritable changes to gene expression that are not from differences in the genetic code. The impact of epigenetics in cardiovascular disease is now emerging as an important regulatory key player at different levels from pathophysiology to therapeutics. This review focuses on the emerging role of epigenetics in major cardiovascular medicine specialties such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charbel Abi Khalil
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Ponnusamy M, Zhou X, Yan Y, Tang J, Tolbert E, Zhao TC, Gong R, Zhuang S. Blocking sirtuin 1 and 2 inhibits renal interstitial fibroblast activation and attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 350:243-56. [PMID: 24833701 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.212076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our recent studies revealed that blocking class I/II histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibits renal interstitial fibroblast activation and proliferation and alleviates development of renal fibrosis. However, the effect of class III HDAC, particularly sirtuin 1 and 2 (SIRT1 and SIRT2), inhibition on renal fibrogenesis remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that both SIRT1 and SIRT2 were expressed in cultured renal interstitial fibroblasts (NRK-49F). Exposure of NRK-49F to sirtinol, a selective inhibitor of SIRT1/2, or EX527 (6-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide), an inhibitor for SIRT1, resulted in reduced expression of fibroblast activation markers (α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, and collagen I) as well as proliferation markers (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin D1, cyclin E) in dose- and time-dependent manners. Treatment with a SIRT2 inhibitor, AGK2 (2-cyano-3-[5-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-furanyl]-N-5-quinolinyl-2-propenamide), also dose- and time-dependently inhibited renal fibroblast activation and, to a lesser extent, cell proliferation. Furthermore, silencing of either SIRT1 or SIRT2 by small interfering RNA exhibited similar inhibitory effects. In a mouse model of obstructive nephropathy, administration of sirtinol attenuated deposition of collagen fibrils as well as reduced expression of α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I, and fibronectin in the injured kidney. SIRT1/2 inhibition-mediated antifibrotic effects are associated with dephosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFRβ), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Thus, SIRT1/2 activity may contribute to renal fibroblast activation and proliferation as well as renal fibrogenesis through activation of at least EGFR and PDGFRβ signaling. Blocking SIRT1/2 activation may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of chronic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murugavel Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (M.P., X.Z., Y.Y., E.T., R.G., S.Z.); First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (X.Z.); Departments of Nephrology (J.T., S.Z.) and Emergency Medicine (Y.Y.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Department of Surgery, Roger William Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island (T.C.Z.)
| | - Xiaoxu Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (M.P., X.Z., Y.Y., E.T., R.G., S.Z.); First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (X.Z.); Departments of Nephrology (J.T., S.Z.) and Emergency Medicine (Y.Y.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Department of Surgery, Roger William Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island (T.C.Z.)
| | - Yanli Yan
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (M.P., X.Z., Y.Y., E.T., R.G., S.Z.); First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (X.Z.); Departments of Nephrology (J.T., S.Z.) and Emergency Medicine (Y.Y.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Department of Surgery, Roger William Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island (T.C.Z.)
| | - Jinhua Tang
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (M.P., X.Z., Y.Y., E.T., R.G., S.Z.); First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (X.Z.); Departments of Nephrology (J.T., S.Z.) and Emergency Medicine (Y.Y.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Department of Surgery, Roger William Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island (T.C.Z.)
| | - Evelyn Tolbert
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (M.P., X.Z., Y.Y., E.T., R.G., S.Z.); First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (X.Z.); Departments of Nephrology (J.T., S.Z.) and Emergency Medicine (Y.Y.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Department of Surgery, Roger William Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island (T.C.Z.)
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (M.P., X.Z., Y.Y., E.T., R.G., S.Z.); First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (X.Z.); Departments of Nephrology (J.T., S.Z.) and Emergency Medicine (Y.Y.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Department of Surgery, Roger William Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island (T.C.Z.)
| | - Rujun Gong
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (M.P., X.Z., Y.Y., E.T., R.G., S.Z.); First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (X.Z.); Departments of Nephrology (J.T., S.Z.) and Emergency Medicine (Y.Y.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Department of Surgery, Roger William Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island (T.C.Z.)
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (M.P., X.Z., Y.Y., E.T., R.G., S.Z.); First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (X.Z.); Departments of Nephrology (J.T., S.Z.) and Emergency Medicine (Y.Y.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Department of Surgery, Roger William Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island (T.C.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Zhang L, Han Y, Jiang Q, Wang C, Chen X, Li X, Xu F, Jiang Y, Wang Q, Xu W. Trend of histone deacetylase inhibitors in cancer therapy: isoform selectivity or multitargeted strategy. Med Res Rev 2014; 35:63-84. [PMID: 24782318 DOI: 10.1002/med.21320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) has been successfully applied in the treatment of a wide range of disorders, including Parkinson's disease, infection, cardiac diseases, inflammation, and especially cancer. HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) have been proved to be effective antitumor agents by various stages of investigation. At present, there are two opposite focuses of HDACI design in the cancer therapy, highly selective inhibitor strategy and dual- or multitargeted inhibitors. The former method, which is supposed to elucidate the function of individual HDAC and provide candidate inhibitors with fewer side effects, has been widely accepted by the inhibitor developer. The latter approach, though less practiced, has promising potential for the antitumor therapy based on HDACIs. Effective HDACIs, some of which are in clinic anticancer research, have been developed by both methods. In order to gain insight into HDACI design, the strategies and achievements of the two diverse methods are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
111
|
Rafehi H, Balcerczyk A, Lunke S, Kaspi A, Ziemann M, Kn H, Okabe J, Khurana I, Ooi J, Khan AW, Du XJ, Chang L, Haviv I, Keating ST, Karagiannis TC, El-Osta A. Vascular histone deacetylation by pharmacological HDAC inhibition. Genome Res 2014; 24:1271-84. [PMID: 24732587 PMCID: PMC4120081 DOI: 10.1101/gr.168781.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
HDAC inhibitors can regulate gene expression by post-translational modification of histone as well as nonhistone proteins. Often studied at single loci, increased histone acetylation is the paradigmatic mechanism of action. However, little is known of the extent of genome-wide changes in cells stimulated by the hydroxamic acids, TSA and SAHA. In this article, we map vascular chromatin modifications including histone H3 acetylation of lysine 9 and 14 (H3K9/14ac) using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) coupled with massive parallel sequencing (ChIP-seq). Since acetylation-mediated gene expression is often associated with modification of other lysine residues, we also examined H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 as well as changes in CpG methylation (CpG-seq). RNA sequencing indicates the differential expression of ∼30% of genes, with almost equal numbers being up- and down-regulated. We observed broad deacetylation and gene expression changes conferred by TSA and SAHA mediated by the loss of EP300/CREBBP binding at multiple gene promoters. This study provides an important framework for HDAC inhibitor function in vascular biology and a comprehensive description of genome-wide deacetylation by pharmacological HDAC inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haloom Rafehi
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia; Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Aneta Balcerczyk
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Sebastian Lunke
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Antony Kaspi
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Mark Ziemann
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Harikrishnan Kn
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Jun Okabe
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ishant Khurana
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Jenny Ooi
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Abdul Waheed Khan
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Lisa Chang
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Izhak Haviv
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Samuel T Keating
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Tom C Karagiannis
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia; Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Eom GH, Nam YS, Oh JG, Choe N, Min HK, Yoo EK, Kang G, Nguyen VH, Min JJ, Kim JK, Lee IK, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN, Park WJ, Kook H. Regulation of acetylation of histone deacetylase 2 by p300/CBP-associated factor/histone deacetylase 5 in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Circ Res 2014; 114:1133-43. [PMID: 24526703 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.303429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are closely involved in cardiac reprogramming. Although the functional roles of class I and class IIa HDACs are well established, the significance of interclass crosstalk in the development of cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear. OBJECTIVE Recently, we suggested that casein kinase 2α1-dependent phosphorylation of HDAC2 leads to enzymatic activation, which in turn induces cardiac hypertrophy. Here we report an alternative post-translational activation mechanism of HDAC2 that involves acetylation of HDAC2 mediated by p300/CBP-associated factor/HDAC5. METHODS AND RESULTS Hdac2 was acetylated in response to hypertrophic stresses in both cardiomyocytes and a mouse model. Acetylation was reduced by a histone acetyltransferase inhibitor but was increased by a nonspecific HDAC inhibitor. The enzymatic activity of Hdac2 was positively correlated with its acetylation status. p300/CBP-associated factor bound to Hdac2 and induced acetylation. The HDAC2 K75 residue was responsible for hypertrophic stress-induced acetylation. The acetylation-resistant Hdac2 K75R showed a significant decrease in phosphorylation on S394, which led to the loss of intrinsic activity. Hdac5, one of class IIa HDACs, directly deacetylated Hdac2. Acetylation of Hdac2 was increased in Hdac5-null mice. When an acetylation-mimicking mutant of Hdac2 was infected into cardiomyocytes, the antihypertrophic effect of either nuclear tethering of Hdac5 with leptomycin B or Hdac5 overexpression was reduced. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest a novel mechanism by which the balance of HDAC2 acetylation is regulated by p300/CBP-associated factor and HDAC5 in the development of cardiac hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwang Hyeon Eom
- From the Department of Pharmacology (G.H.E., J.-K.K., H.K.) and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (G.H.E., Y.S.N., N.C., H.-K.M., H.K.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Global Research Laboratory and College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.G.O., W.J.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea (E.-K.Y., I.-K.L.); Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (G.K., J.-K.K.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (V.H.N., J.-J.M.); and Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (R.B.-D., E.N.O.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
113
|
Mathiyalagan P, Okabe J, Chang L, Su Y, Du XJ, El-Osta A. The primary microRNA-208b interacts with Polycomb-group protein, Ezh2, to regulate gene expression in the heart. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:790-803. [PMID: 24137001 PMCID: PMC3902903 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Polycomb-group protein, Ezh2, is required for epigenetic gene silencing in the adult heart by unknown mechanism. We investigated the role of Ezh2 and non-coding RNAs in a mouse model of pressure overload using transverse aortic constriction (TAC) attenuated by the prototypical histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA). Chromatin immunoprecipitation of TAC and TAC+TSA hearts suggests interaction of Ezh2 and primary microRNA-208b (pri-miR-208b) in the regulation of hypertrophic gene expression. RNAi silencing of pri-miR-208b and Ezh2 validate pri-miR-208b-mediated transcriptional silencing of genes implicated in cardiac hypertrophy including the suppression of the bi-directional promoter (bdP) of the cardiac myosin heavy chain genes. In TAC mouse heart, TSA attenuated Ezh2 binding to bdP and restored antisense β-MHC and α-MHC gene expression. RNA-chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments in TAC hearts also show increased pri-miR-208b dependent-chromatin binding. These results are the first description by which primary miR interactions serve to integrate chromatin modifications and the transcriptional response to distinct signaling cues in the heart. These studies provide a framework for MHC expression and regulation of genes implicated in pathological remodeling of ventricular hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhu Mathiyalagan
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia, Experimental Cardiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jun Okabe
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia, Experimental Cardiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Chang
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia, Experimental Cardiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yidan Su
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia, Experimental Cardiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia, Experimental Cardiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia, Experimental Cardiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Donnelly KS, Giuliano EA, Sharma A, Mohan RR. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (vorinostat): its role on equine corneal fibrosis and matrix metalloproteinase activity. Vet Ophthalmol 2013; 17 Suppl 1:61-8. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S. Donnelly
- Harry S. Truman Veterans Memorial Hospital; 800 Hospital Drive Columbia MO USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Missouri; 900 East Campus Drive Columbia MO USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Giuliano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Missouri; 900 East Campus Drive Columbia MO USA
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Harry S. Truman Veterans Memorial Hospital; 800 Hospital Drive Columbia MO USA
- Mason Eye Institute; University of Missouri; 1 Hospital Drive Columbia MO USA
| | - Rajiv R. Mohan
- Harry S. Truman Veterans Memorial Hospital; 800 Hospital Drive Columbia MO USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Missouri; 900 East Campus Drive Columbia MO USA
- Mason Eye Institute; University of Missouri; 1 Hospital Drive Columbia MO USA
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Tao H, Shi KH, Yang JJ, Huang C, Zhan HY, Li J. Histone deacetylases in cardiac fibrosis: current perspectives for therapy. Cell Signal 2013; 26:521-7. [PMID: 24321371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is an important pathological feature of cardiac remodeling in heart diseases. The molecular mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis are unknown. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that balance the acetylation activities of histone acetyltransferases on chromatin remodeling and play essential roles in regulating gene transcription. In recent years, the role of HDACs in cardiac fibrosis initiation and progression, as well as the therapeutic effects of HDAC inhibitors, has been well studied. Moreover, numerous studies indicated that HDAC activity is associated with the development and progression of cardiac fibrosis. In this review, the innovative aspects of HDACs are discussed, with respect to biogenesis, their role in cardiac fibrosis. Furthermore, the potential applications of HDAC inhibitors in the treatment of cardiac fibrosis associated with fibroblast activation and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Cardiovascular Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Kai-Hu Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Cardiovascular Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hong-Ying Zhan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Cardiovascular Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Lehmann LH, Worst BC, Stanmore DA, Backs J. Histone deacetylase signaling in cardioprotection. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 71:1673-90. [PMID: 24310814 PMCID: PMC3983897 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents a major challenge for health care systems, both in terms of the high mortality associated with it and the huge economic burden of its treatment. Although CVD represents a diverse range of disorders, they share common compensatory changes in the heart at the structural, cellular, and molecular level that, in the long term, can become maladaptive and lead to heart failure. Treatment of adverse cardiac remodeling is therefore an important step in preventing this fatal progression. Although previous efforts have been primarily focused on inhibition of deleterious signaling cascades, the stimulation of endogenous cardioprotective mechanisms offers a potent therapeutic tool. In this review, we discuss class I and class II histone deacetylases, a subset of chromatin-modifying enzymes known to have critical roles in the regulation of cardiac remodeling. In particular, we discuss their molecular modes of action and go on to consider how their inhibition or the stimulation of their intrinsic cardioprotective properties may provide a potential therapeutic route for the clinical treatment of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz H. Lehmann
- Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara C. Worst
- Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David A. Stanmore
- Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Backs
- Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
The homeobox only protein homeobox (HOPX) and colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:23231-43. [PMID: 24287901 PMCID: PMC3876040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141223231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The HOP (homeobox only protein) homeobox (HOPX) is most closely related to the homeobox protein that contains a homeobox-like domain but lacks certain conserved residues required for DNA binding. Here, we review the current understanding of HOPX in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). HOPX was initially reported as a differentiation marker and is expressed in various normal tissues. In the colon, HOPX is expressed uniquely in the quiescent stem cell, +4, and in differentiated mucosal cells of the colon. HOPX expression is markedly suppressed in a subset of cancers, mainly in an epigenetic manner. CRC may include separate entities which are differentially characterized by HOPX expression from a prognostic point of view. HOPX itself can regulate epigenetics, and defective expression of HOPX can result in loss of tumor suppressive function and differentiation phenotype. These findings indicate that HOPX may be both a central regulator of epigenetic dynamics and a critical determinant for differentiation in human cells. HOPX downstream targets were identified in CRC cell lines and hold promise as candidates for therapeutic targets of CRC, such as EphA2 or AP-1. Further analysis will elucidate and confirm the precise role of such proteins in CRC progression.
Collapse
|
118
|
Duygu B, Poels EM, da Costa Martins PA. Genetics and epigenetics of arrhythmia and heart failure. Front Genet 2013; 4:219. [PMID: 24198825 PMCID: PMC3812794 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is the end stage of several pathological cardiac conditions including myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension. Various molecular and cellular mechanisms are involved in the development of HF. At the molecular level, the onset of HF is associated with reprogramming of gene expression, including downregulation of the alpha-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) gene and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase genes and reactivation of specific fetal cardiac genes such as atrial natriuretic factor and brain natriuretic peptide. These deviations in gene expression result in structural and electrophysiological changes, which eventually progress to HF. Cardiac arrhythmia is caused by altered conduction properties of the heart, which may arise in response to ischemia, inflammation, fibrosis, aging or from genetic factors. Because changes in the gene transcription program may have crucial consequences as deteriorated cardiac function, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the process has become a priority in the field. In this context, various studies besides having identified different DNA methylation patterns in HF patients, have also focused on specific disease processes and their underlying mechanisms, also introducing new concepts such as epigenomics. This review highlights specific genetic mutations associated with the onset and progression of HF, also providing an introduction to epigenetic mechanisms such as histone modifications, DNA methylation and RNA-based modification, and highlights the relation between epigenetics, arrhythmogenesis and HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Duygu
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
119
|
Curcumin attenuation of lipopolysaccharide induced cardiac hypertrophy in rodents. ISRN INFLAMMATION 2013; 2013:539305. [PMID: 24236240 PMCID: PMC3819047 DOI: 10.1155/2013/539305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To study the ameliorating effects of curcumin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced cardiac hypertrophy, mice were assigned to 4 groups (3 males and 3 females in each group): (A) control, (B) curcumin: 100 μ g/kg of body weight by intraperitoneal route (IP), (C) LPS: 60 mg/kg (IP), and (D) LPS + curcumin: both at previously stated concentrations by IP route. All mice were sacrificed as 12 hr and 24 hrs groups accordingly after LPS injection. The hearts were collected, photographed for cardiomegaly, and weighed to compare heart weight/brain weight (HW/BW) in mg/mg. For immunohistochemistry, the tissue sections were exposed to histone H3, H4 and acetylated histone H3, H4 antibody. LPS induced a significant increase in histone acetylation as shown by intense staining. In curcumin + LPS treated mice nuclear staining was similar to the control group indicating that curcumin traversed the histone acetylation activity of the LPS. To further check the mechanism of action of curcumin, p300 protein acetylation levels were analyzed. This study suggests that the probable mechanism of action of curcumin is via the reduction of p300 HAT activity.
Collapse
|
120
|
Jacob J, Ribes V, Moore S, Constable SC, Sasai N, Gerety SS, Martin DJ, Sergeant CP, Wilkinson DG, Briscoe J. Valproic acid silencing of ascl1b/Ascl1 results in the failure of serotonergic differentiation in a zebrafish model of fetal valproate syndrome. Dis Model Mech 2013; 7:107-17. [PMID: 24135485 PMCID: PMC3882053 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.013219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal valproate syndrome (FVS) is caused by in utero exposure to the drug sodium valproate. Valproate is used worldwide for the treatment of epilepsy, as a mood stabiliser and for its pain-relieving properties. In addition to birth defects, FVS is associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is characterised by abnormal behaviours. Valproate perturbs multiple biochemical pathways and alters gene expression through its inhibition of histone deacetylases. Which, if any, of these mechanisms is relevant to the genesis of its behavioural side effects is unclear. Neuroanatomical changes associated with FVS have been reported and, among these, altered serotonergic neuronal differentiation is a consistent finding. Altered serotonin homeostasis is also associated with autism. Here we have used a chemical-genetics approach to investigate the underlying molecular defect in a zebrafish FVS model. Valproate causes the selective failure of zebrafish central serotonin expression. It does so by downregulating the proneural gene ascl1b, an ortholog of mammalian Ascl1, which is a known determinant of serotonergic identity in the mammalian brainstem. ascl1b is sufficient to rescue serotonin expression in valproate-treated embryos. Chemical and genetic blockade of the histone deacetylase Hdac1 downregulates ascl1b, consistent with the Hdac1-mediated silencing of ascl1b expression by valproate. Moreover, tonic Notch signalling is crucial for ascl1b repression by valproate. Concomitant blockade of Notch signalling restores ascl1b expression and serotonin expression in both valproate-exposed and hdac1 mutant embryos. Together, these data provide a molecular explanation for serotonergic defects in FVS and highlight an epigenetic mechanism for genome-environment interaction in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Jacob
- Division of Developmental Biology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
121
|
Right ventricular myocardial performance index is decreased with severe pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy in young rats. Pediatr Cardiol 2013; 34:1556-66. [PMID: 23467728 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-013-0678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Although the right ventricular (RV) myocardial performance index (MPI) usually is increased in the presence of RV dysfunction and pressure overload, debate continues over the correlation between the RV MPI and functional derangement in patients with RV pressure-overload congenital heart disease (CHD). To address this controversy, this study took serial measurements of the RV MPI in addition to invasive RV hemodynamic measurements during the acute stage of mild to severe pressure overload. Right ventricle pressure overload was induced by partial pulmonary arterial banding (PAB) in 3-week-old rats. The rats were divided into two groups: mild pulmonary stenosis (PS) group (20-40 % stenosis; n = 20) and severe PS group (40-70 % stenosis; n = 28). Sham-treated animals (sham group; n = 30) underwent the same surgical procedure without PAB. Pressure-overload RV hypertrophy was documented by weighing the heart, by evaluating echocardiograms, and by evaluating cardiac hypertrophy-associated gene expression. The RV MPI was checked 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 weeks after PAB. The MPI was calculated as the sum of the isovolumic contraction time and the isovolumic relaxation time (IRT) divided by the ejection time. The RV MPI of the mild PS group did not differ significantly from that of the sham group. The RV MPI of the severe PS group, however, was lower than that of the sham group (0.27 ± 0.01 vs 0.29 ± 0.01) 2 to 8 weeks after PAB: 0.19 ± 0.01 at 2 weeks (P < 0.001), 0.16 ± 0.01 at 3 weeks (P < 0.001), 0.20 ± 0.01 at 5 weeks (P = 0.021), and 0.18 ± 0.01 at 8 weeks (P < 0.001) after PAB. The decreased RV MPI was associated with decreased IRT and increased ejection time. RV hypertrophy contributes to the decrease in the RV MPI in the severe pressure-overload condition.
Collapse
|
122
|
Dirkx E, da Costa Martins PA, De Windt LJ. Regulation of fetal gene expression in heart failure. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:2414-24. [PMID: 24036209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
During the processes leading to adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure, cardiomyocytes react to neurohumoral stimuli and biomechanical stress by activating pathways that induce pathological hypertrophy. The gene expression patterns and molecular changes observed during cardiac hypertrophic remodeling bare resemblance to those observed during fetal cardiac development. The re-activation of fetal genes in the adult failing heart is a complex biological process that involves transcriptional, posttranscriptional and epigenetic regulation of the cardiac genome. In this review, the mechanistic actions of transcription factors, microRNAs and chromatin remodeling processes in regulating fetal gene expression in heart failure are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Dirkx
- Dept of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
123
|
Kao YH, Liou JP, Chung CC, Lien GS, Kuo CC, Chen SA, Chen YJ. Histone deacetylase inhibition improved cardiac functions with direct antifibrotic activity in heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:4178-83. [PMID: 23931972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylases (HDACs), important epigenetic regulatory enzymes, can reduce cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. However, the mechanisms underlying the antifibrotic activity of HDAC inhibitors remain unclear. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effects of an HDAC inhibitor on systolic heart failure (HF) and investigate the potential mechanisms. METHODS Echocardiographic, histologic, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and Western blot measurements were performed in HF rats (isoproterenol 100 mg/kg, subcutaneous injection) with and without orally administered (100 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days) MPT0E014 (a novel HDAC inhibitor). Western blot, migration and proliferation assays were carried out on primary isolated cardiac fibroblasts with and without MPT0E014 (0.1 and 1 μM) for 24 h. RESULTS MPT0E014-treated HF rats (n = 6) had better fraction shortening (48 ± 2 vs. 33 ± 4%, p = 0.006) and smaller left ventricular end diastolic diameter (4.6 ± 0.2 vs. 5.6 ± 0.3 mm, p = 0.031) and systolic diameter (2.4 ± 0.2 vs. 3.9 ± 0.3 mm, p = 0.006) than HF (n = 7) rats. MPT0E014-treated HF rats had lower ANP, cardiac fibrosis, and angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and CaMKIIδ protein levels compared to HF rats. MPT0E014 (at 1 μM, but not 0.1 μM) decreased the migration and proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts. MPT0E014 (0.1 and 1 μM) decreased expression of the AT1R and TGF-β. CONCLUSIONS MPT0E014 improved cardiac contractility and attenuated structural remodeling in isoproterenol-induced dilated cardiomyopathy. The direct antifibrotic activity may have contributed to these beneficial effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsun Kao
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
124
|
Huang ZP, Chen J, Seok HY, Zhang Z, Kataoka M, Hu X, Wang DZ. MicroRNA-22 regulates cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling in response to stress. Circ Res 2013; 112:1234-43. [PMID: 23524588 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.300682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The adult heart is composed primarily of terminally differentiated, mature cardiomyocytes that express signature genes related to contraction. In response to mechanical or pathological stress, the heart undergoes hypertrophic growth, a process defined as an increase in cardiomyocyte cell size without an increase in cell number. However, the molecular mechanism of cardiac hypertrophy is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To identify and characterize microRNAs that regulate cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS Screening for muscle-expressed microRNAs that are dynamically regulated during muscle differentiation and hypertrophy identified microRNA-22 (miR-22) as a cardiac- and skeletal muscle-enriched microRNA that is upregulated during myocyte differentiation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Overexpression of miR-22 was sufficient to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. We generated mouse models with global and cardiac-specific miR-22 deletion, and we found that cardiac miR-22 was essential for hypertrophic cardiac growth in response to stress. miR-22-null hearts blunted cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac remodeling in response to 2 independent stressors: isoproterenol infusion and an activated calcineurin transgene. Loss of miR-22 sensitized mice to the development of dilated cardiomyopathy under stress conditions. We identified Sirt1 and Hdac4 as miR-22 targets in the heart. CONCLUSIONS Our studies uncover miR-22 as a critical regulator of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Peng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
125
|
Xie M, Hill JA. HDAC-dependent ventricular remodeling. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2013; 23:229-35. [PMID: 23499301 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure, a syndrome culminating the pathogenesis of many forms of heart disease, is highly prevalent and projected to be increasingly so for years to come. Major efforts are directed at identifying the means of preventing, slowing, or possibly reversing the unremitting progression of pathological stress leading to myocardial injury and ultimately heart failure. Indeed, despite widespread use of evidence-based therapies, heart failure morbidity and mortality remain high. Recent work has uncovered a fundamental role of reversible protein acetylation in the regulation of many biological processes, including pathological remodeling of the heart. This reversible acetylation is governed by enzymes that attach (histone acetyltransferases, HATs) or remove (histone deacetylases, HDACs) acetyl groups. In the latter case, small molecule inhibitors of HDACs are currently being tested for a variety of oncological indications. Now, evidence has revealed that HDAC inhibitors blunt pathological cardiac remodeling in the settings of pressure overload and ischemia/reperfusion, thereby diminishing the emergence of heart failure. Mechanistically, HDAC inhibitors reduce stress-induced cardiomyocyte death, hypertrophy, and ventricular fibrosis. Looking to the future, HDAC inhibitor therapy may emerge as a novel means of arresting the untoward consequences of pathological cardiac stress, conferring clinical benefit to millions of patients with heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
126
|
Bruneau BG. Signaling and transcriptional networks in heart development and regeneration. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013; 5:a008292. [PMID: 23457256 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a008292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian heart is the first functional organ, the first indicator of life. Its normal formation and function are essential for fetal life. Defects in heart formation lead to congenital heart defects, underscoring the finesse with which the heart is assembled. Understanding the regulatory networks controlling heart development have led to significant insights into its lineage origins and morphogenesis and illuminated important aspects of mammalian embryology, while providing insights into human congenital heart disease. The mammalian heart has very little regenerative potential, and thus, any damage to the heart is life threatening and permanent. Knowledge of the developing heart is important for effective strategies of cardiac regeneration, providing new hope for future treatments for heart disease. Although we still have an incomplete picture of the mechanisms controlling development of the mammalian heart, our current knowledge has important implications for embryology and better understanding of human heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California 94158, and Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Shah RR, Koniski A, Shinde M, Blythe SA, Fass DM, Haggarty SJ, Palis J, Klein PS. Regulation of primitive hematopoiesis by class I histone deacetylases. Dev Dyn 2013; 242:108-21. [PMID: 23184530 PMCID: PMC3553261 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate multiple developmental processes and cellular functions. However, their roles in blood development have not been determined, and in Xenopus laevis a specific function for HDACs has yet to be identified. Here, we employed the class I selective HDAC inhibitor, valproic acid (VPA), to show that HDAC activity is required for primitive hematopoiesis. RESULTS VPA treatment during gastrulation resulted in a complete absence of red blood cells (RBCs) in Xenopus tadpoles, but did not affect development of other mesodermal tissues, including myeloid and endothelial lineages. These effects of VPA were mimicked by Trichostatin A (TSA), a well-established pan-HDAC inhibitor, but not by valpromide, which is structurally similar to VPA but does not inhibit HDACs. VPA also caused a marked, dose-dependent loss of primitive erythroid progenitors in mouse yolk sac explants at clinically relevant concentrations. In addition, VPA treatment inhibited erythropoietic development downstream of bmp4 and gata1 in Xenopus ectodermal explants. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest an important role for class I HDACs in primitive hematopoiesis. Our work also demonstrates that specific developmental defects associated with exposure to VPA, a significant teratogen in humans, arise through inhibition of class I HDACs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishita R. Shah
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA USA 19104
| | - Anne Koniski
- Department of Pediatrics Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research University of Rochester Medical Center 601 Elmwood Ave. Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Mansi Shinde
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA USA 19104
| | - Shelby A. Blythe
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA USA 19104
| | - Daniel M. Fass
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge, MA USA 02142
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA USA 02114
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge, MA USA 02142
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA USA 02114
| | - James Palis
- Department of Pediatrics Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research University of Rochester Medical Center 601 Elmwood Ave. Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Peter S. Klein
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA USA 19104
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA USA 19104
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology) University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA USA 19104
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Liu N, He S, Ma L, Ponnusamy M, Tang J, Tolbert E, Bayliss G, Zhao TC, Yan H, Zhuang S. Blocking the class I histone deacetylase ameliorates renal fibrosis and inhibits renal fibroblast activation via modulating TGF-beta and EGFR signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54001. [PMID: 23342059 PMCID: PMC3546966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are promising anti-fibrosis drugs; however, nonselective inhibition of class I and class II HDACs does not allow a detailed elucidation of the individual HDAC functions in renal fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of MS-275, a selective class I HDAC inhibitor, on the development of renal fibrosis in a murine model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and activation of cultured renal interstitial fibroblasts. METHODS/FINDINGS The UUO model was established by ligation of the left ureter and the contralateral kidney was used as a control. At seven days after UUO injury, kidney developed fibrosis as indicated by deposition of collagen fibrils and increased expression of collagen I, fibronectin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA). Administration of MS-275 inhibited all these fibrotic responses and suppressed UUO-induced production of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta), increased expression of TGF-beta receptor I, and phosphorylation of Smad-3. MS-275 was also effective in suppressing phosphorylation and expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its downstream signaling molecule, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3. Moreover, class I HDAC inhibition reduced the number of renal tubular cells arrested in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, a cellular event associated with TGF-beta1overproduction. In cultured renal interstitial fibroblasts, MS-275 treatment inhibited TGF-beta induced phosphorylation of Smad-3, differentiation of renal fibroblasts to myofibroblasts and proliferation of myofibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE These results demonstrate that class I HDACs are critically involved in renal fibrogenesis and renal fibroblast activation through modulating TGF-beta and EGFR signaling and suggest that blockade of class I HDAC may be a useful treatment for renal fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
129
|
van Berlo JH, Maillet M, Molkentin JD. Signaling effectors underlying pathologic growth and remodeling of the heart. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:37-45. [PMID: 23281408 DOI: 10.1172/jci62839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of mortality in the Western world. The heart responds to many cardiopathological conditions with hypertrophic growth by enlarging individual myocytes to augment cardiac pump function and decrease ventricular wall tension. Initially, such cardiac hypertrophic growth is often compensatory, but as time progresses these changes become maladaptive. Cardiac hypertrophy is the strongest predictor for the development of heart failure, arrhythmia, and sudden death. Here we discuss therapeutic avenues emerging from molecular and genetic studies of cardiovascular disease in animal models. The majority of these are based on intracellular signaling pathways considered central to pathologic cardiac remodeling and hypertrophy, which then leads to heart failure. We focus our discussion on selected therapeutic targets that have more recently emerged and have a tangible translational potential given the available pharmacologic agents that could be readily evaluated in human clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jop H van Berlo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
130
|
Katoch O, Dwarakanath BS, K Agrawala P. HDAC inhibitors: applications in oncology and beyond. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7243/2050-0874-2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
131
|
Cho JS, Moon YM, Park IH, Um JY, Kang JH, Kim TH, Lee SH, Kang HJ, Lee HM. Effects of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor on Extracellular Matrix Production in Human Nasal Polyp Organ Cultures. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2013; 27:18-23. [DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2013.27.3827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Nasal polyposis is associated with a chronic inflammatory condition of the sinonasal mucosa and involves myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. Epigenetic modulation by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors including trichostatin A (TSA) has been reported to have inhibitory effects on myofibroblast differentiation in lung and renal fibroblasts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of TSA on myofibroblast differentiation and ECM production in nasal polyp organ cultures. Methods Nasal polyp tissues from 18 patients were acquired during endoscopic sinus surgery. After organ culture, nasal polyps were stimulated with TGF-beta1 and then treated with TSA. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, and collagen type I expression levels were examined by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescent staining. HDAC2, HDAC4, and acetylated H4 expression levels were assayed by Western blot. Cytotoxicity was analyzed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin–dUTP nick end labeling assay. Results The expression levels of α-SMA, fibronectin, and collagen type 1 were increased in nasal polyp after transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1 treatment. TSA-inhibited TGF-beta1 induced these gene and protein expression levels. Furthermore, TSA suppressed protein expression levels of HDAC2 and HDAC4. However, TSA induced hyperacetylation of histones H4. Treatment with TGF-beta1 with or without TSA did not have cytotoxic effect. Conclusion These findings provide novel insights into the epigenetic regulation in myofibroblast differentiation and ECM production of nasal polyp. TSA could be a candidate of a therapeutic agent for reversing the TGF-beta1–induced ECM synthesis that leads to nasal polyp development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Sun Cho
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Biomedical Science, Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - You-Mi Moon
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Biomedical Science, Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il-Ho Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Um
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Biomedical Science, Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Hyung Kang
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Biomedical Science, Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hag Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Joon Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heung-Man Lee
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Biomedical Science, Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Medical Devices Clinical Trial Center, Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Shi H, Chen L, Wang H, Zhu S, Dong C, Webster KA, Wei J. Synergistic induction of miR-126 by hypoxia and HDAC inhibitors in cardiac myocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012. [PMID: 23201405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
HDAC inhibitors are under clinical development for the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart failure although the mechanisms of protection are incompletely understood. Micro-RNA 126, an endothelium-specific miR has been assigned essential developmental roles in the heart by activating survival kinases ERK1/2 and Akt and increasing pro-angiogenic signaling. Here we provide the first evidence that hypoxia and HDAC inhibitors selectively and synergistically stimulate expression of miR-126 in cardiac myocytes. MiR-126 expression was increased 1.7-fold (p<0.05) after 1h of hypoxic exposure and this was further enhanced to 3.0-fold (p<0.01) by simultaneously blocking HDAC with the pan-HDAC inhibitor Tricostatin A (TSA). TSA alone did not increase miR-126. In parallel, hypoxia and TSA synergistically increased p-ERK and p-Akt without effecting VEGF-A level. Knockdown of miR-126 with si-RNA eliminated inductions of p-ERK and p-Akt by hypoxia, whereas miR-126 overexpression mimicked hypoxia and amplified p-ERK and p-Akt in parallel with miR-126. The results suggest that miR-126 is a hypoxia-inducible target of HAT/HDAC and its activation in cardiac myocytes may contribute to cardioprotection by activating cell survival and pro-angiogenic pathways selectively during ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Shi
- Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
133
|
Drawnel FM, Wachten D, Molkentin JD, Maillet M, Aronsen JM, Swift F, Sjaastad I, Liu N, Catalucci D, Mikoshiba K, Hisatsune C, Okkenhaug H, Andrews SR, Bootman MD, Roderick HL. Mutual antagonism between IP(3)RII and miRNA-133a regulates calcium signals and cardiac hypertrophy. J Cell Biol 2012; 199:783-98. [PMID: 23166348 PMCID: PMC3514786 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201111095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5'-triphosphate receptor II (IP(3)RII) calcium channel expression is increased in both hypertrophic failing human myocardium and experimentally induced models of the disease. The ectopic calcium released from these receptors induces pro-hypertrophic gene expression and may promote arrhythmias. Here, we show that IP(3)RII expression was constitutively restrained by the muscle-specific miRNA, miR-133a. During the hypertrophic response to pressure overload or neurohormonal stimuli, miR-133a down-regulation permitted IP(3)RII levels to increase, instigating pro-hypertrophic calcium signaling and concomitant pathological remodeling. Using a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches, we demonstrated that IP(3)-induced calcium release (IICR) initiated the hypertrophy-associated decrease in miR-133a. In this manner, hypertrophic stimuli that engage IICR set a feed-forward mechanism in motion whereby IICR decreased miR-133a expression, further augmenting IP(3)RII levels and therefore pro-hypertrophic calcium release. Consequently, IICR can be considered as both an initiating event and a driving force for pathological remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faye M. Drawnel
- Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB22 3AT, England, UK
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB22 3AT, England, UK
- Department of Molecular Sensory Systems, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeffery D. Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Marjorie Maillet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Jan Magnus Aronsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway
- Bjørknes College, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik Swift
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Daniele Catalucci
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, Milan Section, National Research Council, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 531-0198, Japan
| | - Chihiro Hisatsune
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 531-0198, Japan
| | | | | | | | - H. Llewelyn Roderick
- Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB22 3AT, England, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, England, UK
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Piskorz D. Effects of activation of vitamin D receptor and phosphorus on left ventricular hypertrophy in chronic kidney disease. HIPERTENSION Y RIESGO VASCULAR 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hipert.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
135
|
Waraya M, Yamashita K, Katoh H, Ooki A, Kawamata H, Nishimiya H, Nakamura K, Ema A, Watanabe M. Cancer specific promoter CpG Islands hypermethylation of HOP homeobox (HOPX) gene and its potential tumor suppressive role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:397. [PMID: 22958219 PMCID: PMC3488580 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have recently identified HOP hoemobox (HOPX) as a tumor suppressor gene candidate, characterized by tumor-specific promoter DNA hypermethylation in human cancers, and it can remarkably inhibit tumors’ aggressive phenotypes. In this current study, we for the first time examined methylation level of HOPX and tested the functional relevance in pancreatic cancer (PC). Methods Clinical features of HOPX promoter hypermethylation was investigated in 89 PC tissues, and immunohistochemistry was added. We also examined its functional relevance in phenotype assays such as soft agar, proliferation, invasion, and cell cycle analysis. Results PC tissues had HOPX gene hypermethylation as compared to the corresponding normal pancreas tissues, and its uniqueness was robust to discriminate tumor from normal tissues (AUC = 0.85, P < 0.0001). Unexpectedly, HOPX was increased in expression in tumor tissues, and immunohistochemistry revealed its predominant expression in the Langerhans islet cells, where HOPX was reduced in expression for PC cells with promoter hypermethylation. HOPX transfectants exhibited G1 arrest with subG1 accumulation, and inhibited tumor forming and invasive ability. Conclusion Defective expression of HOPX which is consistent with promoter DNA hypermethylation may explain aggressive phenotype of pancreatic cancer, and intense expression of HOPX in the Langerhans cells may in turn uniquely contribute to pancreatic carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Waraya
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University Hospital, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0375, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
136
|
Robinson CM, Watson CJ, Baugh JA. Epigenetics within the matrix: a neo-regulator of fibrotic disease. Epigenetics 2012; 7:987-93. [PMID: 22894907 DOI: 10.4161/epi.21567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis of any tissue is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix accumulation that ultimately destroys tissue architecture and eventually abolishes normal organ function. Although much research has focused on the mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis, there are still no effective antifibrotic therapies that can reverse, stop or delay the formation of scar tissue in most fibrotic organs. As fibrosis can be described as an aberrant wound healing response, a recent hypothesis suggests that the cells involved in this process gain an altered heritable phenotype that promotes excessive fibrotic tissue accumulation. This article will review the most recent observations in a newly emerging field that links epigenetic modifications to the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Specifically, the roles of DNA methylation and histone modifications in fibrotic disease will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Robinson
- The Conway Institute, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
137
|
Chaudhary N, Nakka KK, Maulik N, Chattopadhyay S. Epigenetic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and dietary management. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:254-81. [PMID: 22229755 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Metabolic syndrome constitutes a group of disorders such as insulin resistance, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia, predisposing an individual to risk factors such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia. A majority of these diseases are influenced by the environmental factors, nutrient uptake, and genetic profile of an individual that together dysregulate gene function. These genetic and nongenetic factors are reported to introduce epigenetic cues that modulate the gene function which is inherited by the offspring. RECENT ADVANCES Considering the epigenetic modulation of the metabolic disorders, nutrigenomics has been distinctly categorized as a branch that deals with modulatory effect of nutrients on metabolic disorders and disease progression by supplementing the individuals with key nutrient-enriched diets which are derived from plant and animal sources. CRITICAL ISSUES Nutritional components of the diet regulate the metabolic health of an individual either by controlling the expression of some key genes related to metabolic pathways or by modulating the epigenetic events on such genes. The present article discusses various metabolic disorders in detail and the effect of nutrients on the specific genes causing those disorders. We also highlight the molecular mechanisms of some metabolic disorders through epigenetic modifications and possible therapeutic interventions. FUTURE DIRECTIONS With the advent of high-throughput technologies and epigenetic modulation of the metabolic disorders, an altered epigenetic code that is programmed due to improper nutrients can be reverted back by supplementing the diet with various plant-derived compounds. The implication of small molecular drugs is also of utmost significance for challenging the metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Chaudhary
- Department of Chromatin and Disease, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
138
|
Licciardi PV, Kwa FAA, Ververis K, Di Costanzo N, Balcerczyk A, Tang ML, El-Osta A, Karagiannis TC. Influence of natural and synthetic histone deacetylase inhibitors on chromatin. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:340-54. [PMID: 22229817 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) have emerged as a new class of anticancer therapeutics. The hydroxamic acid, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (Vorinostat, Zolinza™), and the cyclic peptide, depsipeptide (Romidepsin, Istodax™), were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in 2006 and 2009, respectively. At least 15 HDACIs are currently undergoing clinical trials either alone or in combination with other therapeutic modalities for the treatment of numerous hematological and solid malignancies. RECENT ADVANCES The potential utility of HDACIs has been extended to nononcologic applications, including autoimmune disorders, inflammation, diseases of the central nervous system, and malaria. CRITICAL ISSUES Given the promise of HDACIs, there is growing interest in the potential of dietary compounds that possess HDAC inhibition activity. This review is focused on the identification of and recent findings with HDACIs from dietary, medicinal plant, and microbial sources. We discuss the mechanisms of action and clinical potential of natural HDACIs. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Apart from identification of further HDACI compounds from dietary sources, further research will be aimed at understanding the effects on gene regulation on lifetime exposure to these compounds. Another important issue that requires clarification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Licciardi
- Allergy and Immune Disorders, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
139
|
Kalozoumi G, Tzimas C, Sanoudou D. The expanding role of epigenetics. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2012; 2012:7. [PMID: 25610838 PMCID: PMC4239821 DOI: 10.5339/gcsp.2012.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Kalozoumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Tzimas
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece ; Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Banerjee A, Trivedi CM, Damera G, Jiang M, Jester W, Hoshi T, Epstein JA, Panettieri RA. Trichostatin A abrogates airway constriction, but not inflammation, in murine and human asthma models. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 46:132-8. [PMID: 22298527 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0276oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors may offer novel approaches in the treatment of asthma. We postulate that trichostatin A (TSA), a Class 1 and 2 inhibitor of HDAC, inhibits airway hyperresponsiveness in antigen-challenged mice. Mice were sensitized and challenged with Aspergillus fumigatus antigen (AF) and treated with TSA, dexamethasone, or vehicle. Lung resistance (R(L)) and dynamic compliance were measured, and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed for numbers of leukocytes and concentrations of cytokines. Human precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) were treated with TSA and their agonist-induced bronchoconstriction was measured, and TSA-treated human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells were evaluated for the agonist-induced activation of Rho and intracellular release of Ca(2+). The activity of HDAC in murine lungs was enhanced by antigen and abrogated by TSA. TSA also inhibited methacholine (Mch)-induced increases in R(L) and decreases in dynamic compliance in naive control mice and in AF-sensitized and -challenged mice. Total cell counts, concentrations of IL-4, and numbers of eosinophils in BALF were unchanged in mice treated with TSA or vehicle, whereas dexamethasone inhibited the numbers of eosinophils in BALF and concentrations of IL-4. TSA inhibited the carbachol-induced contraction of PCLS. Treatment with TSA inhibited the intracellular release of Ca(2+) in ASM cells in response to histamine, without affecting the activation of Rho. The inhibition of HDAC abrogates airway hyperresponsiveness to Mch in both naive and antigen-challenged mice. TSA inhibits the agonist-induced contraction of PCLS and mobilization of Ca(2+) in ASM cells. Thus, HDAC inhibitors demonstrate a mechanism of action distinct from that of anti-inflammatory agents such as steroids, and represent a promising therapeutic agent for airway disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audreesh Banerjee
- Translational Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, 125 South 31st St., Translational Research Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
141
|
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045-0508;
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Napoli C, Casamassimi A, Crudele V, Infante T, Abbondanza C. Kidney and heart interactions during cardiorenal syndrome: a molecular and clinical pathogenic framework. Future Cardiol 2012; 7:485-97. [PMID: 21797745 DOI: 10.2217/fca.11.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart and kidney are physiologically interconnected. Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a pathological disorder where acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce dysfunction in the other one. Although classical studies have proposed a role for hypertension, dyslipidemia and endothelial dysfunction, CRS should be considered as a complex molecular interplay of neurohumoral pathway activation including the sympathetic nervous system, the renin angiotensin aldosterone axis, the endothelin system and the arginine vasopressin system. This activation may induce vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, accelerated atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy and both myocardial and intrarenal fibrosis with progression of CRS treatment. More recently, epigenetics has opened new pathogenic molecular routes for CRS. This will lead to a more rapid development of novel, safe and effective clinical therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Napoli
- Dipartimento di Patologia Generale, Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Cardiovascolari, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
143
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the classical histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes and HDAC inhibitors. The discussion is focused on the potential anti-asthmatic effects of this group of compounds. METHODS Medline was used with the search terms, "asthma and HDAC," "asthma and Trichostatin A," "asthma and valproic acid," "allergic airways disease and HDAC," "allergic airways disease and Trichostatin A," and "allergic airways disease and valproic acid." Manuscripts from the past decade were accessed. Historical literature dating from the 1960s was accessed for the use of anti-epileptics in the treatment of asthma. RESULTS Preliminary clinical trials with anti-epileptic drugs including the well-known HDAC inhibitor, valproic acid, have shown long-lasting anti-asthmatic effects providing the basis for the evaluation of this class of compounds in asthma. Studies using the prototypical HDAC inhibitor, Trichostatin A, in well-established murine models of allergic airways disease have also indicated beneficial effects. CONCLUSION Although the precise mechanisms are still controversial, inhibition of airway hyperresponsiveness and agonist-induced contraction as well as anti-inflammatory effects have been described for HDAC inhibitors in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon G Royce
- Allergy and Immune Disorders, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
144
|
Abstract
Transcription factors regulate formation and function of the heart, and perturbation of transcription factor expression and regulation disrupts normal heart structure and function. Multiple mechanisms regulate the level and locus-specific activity of transcription factors, including transcription, translation, subcellular localization, posttranslational modifications, and context-dependent interactions with other transcription factors, chromatin remodeling enzymes, and epigenetic regulators. The zinc finger transcription factor GATA4 is among the best-studied cardiac transcriptional factors. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms that regulate GATA4 transcriptional activity in the cardiovascular system, providing a framework to investigate and understand the molecular regulation of cardiac gene transcription by other transcription factors.
Collapse
|
145
|
Abstract
The heart responds to stresses such as chronic hypertension and myocardial infarction by undergoing a remodeling process that is associated with myocyte hypertrophy, myocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis, often resulting in impaired cardiac function and heart failure. Recent studies have revealed key roles for histone deacetylases (HDACs) as both positive and negative regulators of pathological cardiac remodeling, and small molecule HDAC inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in animal models of heart failure. This chapter reviews the functions of individual HDAC isoforms in the heart and highlights issues that need to be addressed to enable development of novel HDAC-directed therapies for cardiovascular indications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045-0508, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Errami M, Tassa AT, Galindo CL, Skinner MA, Hill JA, Garner HR. Carbamazepine alone and in combination with doxycycline attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Heart Int 2011; 5:e7. [PMID: 21977292 PMCID: PMC3184704 DOI: 10.4081/hi.2010.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
β-adrenergic signaling is involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy (CH), justifying the use of β-blockers as a therapy to minimize and postpone the consequences of this disease. Evidence suggests that adenylate cyclase, a downstream effector of the β-adrenergic pathway, might be a therapeutic target. We examined the effects of the anti-epileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ), an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase. In a murine cardiac hypertrophy model, carbamazepine significantly attenuates isoproteronol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Carbamazepine also has an effect in transverse aortic banding induced cardiac hypertrophy (TAB) (P=0.07). When carbamazepine was given in combination with the antibiotic doxycycline (DOX), which inhibits matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), therapeutic outcome measured by heart weight-to-body weight and heart weight-to-tibia length ratios was improved compared to either drug alone. Additionally, the combination therapy resulted in an increase in the survival rate over a 56-day period compared to that of untreated mice with cardiac hypertrophy or either drug used alone. Moreover, in support of a role for carbamaze -pine as a β-adrenergic antagonist via cAMP inhibition, a lower heart rate and a lower level of the activated phosphorylated form of the cAMP Response Element-Binding (CREB) were observed in heart extracts from mice treated with carbamazepine. Gene expression analysis identified 19 genes whose expression is significantly altered in treated animals and might be responsible for the added benefit provided by the combination therapy. These results suggest that carbamazepine acts as a β-adrenergic antagonist. Carbamazepine and doxycycline are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as drugs that might complement medications for cardiac hypertrophy or serve as an alternative therapy to traditional β-blockers. Furthermore, these agents reproducibly impact the expression of genes that may serve as additional therapeutic targets in the management of cardiac hypertrophy.
Collapse
|
147
|
Ververis K, Karagiannis TC. Potential non-oncological applications of histone deacetylase inhibitors. Am J Transl Res 2011; 3:454-467. [PMID: 22046487 PMCID: PMC3204892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors have emerged as a new class of anticancer therapeutic drugs. Their clinical utility in oncology stems from their intrinsic cytotoxic properties and combinatorial effects with other conventional cancer therapies. To date, the histone deacetylase inhibitors suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (Vorinostat, Zolinza®) and depsipeptide (Romidepsin, Istodax®) have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Further, there are currently over 100 clinical trials involving the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors in a wide range of solid and hematological malignancies. The therapeutic potential of histone deacetylase inhibitors has also been investigated for numerous other diseases. For example, the cytotoxic properties of histone deacetylase inhibitors are currently being harnessed as a potential treatment for malaria, whereas the efficacy of these compounds for HIV relies on de-silencing latent virus. The anti-inflammatory properties of histone deacetylase inhibitors are the predominant mechanisms for other diseases, such as hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus and a wide range of neurodegenerative conditions. Additionally, histone deacetylase inhibitors have been shown to be efficacious in animal models of cardiac hypertrophy and asthma. Broad-spectrum histone deacetylase inhibitors are clinically available and have been used almost exclusively in preclinical systems to date. However, it is emerging that class- or isoform-specific compounds, which are becoming more readily available, may be more efficacious particularly for non-oncological applications. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the effects and clinical potential of histone deacetylase inhibitors in various diseases. Apart from applications in oncology, the discussion is focused on the potential efficacy of histone deacetylase inhibitors for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac hypertrophy and asthma.
Collapse
|
148
|
Karén J, Rodriguez A, Friman T, Dencker L, Sundberg C, Scholz B. Effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid on human pericytes in vitro. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24954. [PMID: 21966390 PMCID: PMC3178576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular pericytes are of key importance in neoformation of blood vessels, in stabilization of newly formed vessels as well as maintenance of angiostasis in resting tissues. Furthermore, pericytes are capable of differentiating into pro-fibrotic collagen type I producing fibroblasts. The present study investigates the effects of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) on pericyte proliferation, cell viability, migration and differentiation. The results show that HDAC inhibition through exposure of pericytes to VPA in vitro causes the inhibition of pericyte proliferation and migration with no effect on cell viability. Pericyte exposure to the potent HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A caused similar effects on pericyte proliferation, migration and cell viability. HDAC inhibition also inhibited pericyte differentiation into collagen type I producing fibroblasts. Given the importance of pericytes in blood vessel biology a qPCR array focusing on the expression of mRNAs coding for proteins that regulate angiogenesis was performed. The results showed that HDAC inhibition promoted transcription of genes involved in vessel stabilization/maturation in human microvascular pericytes. The present in vitro study demonstrates that VPA influences several aspects of microvascular pericyte biology and suggests an alternative mechanism by which HDAC inhibition affects blood vessels. The results raise the possibility that HDAC inhibition inhibits angiogenesis partly through promoting a pericyte phenotype associated with stabilization/maturation of blood vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Karén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Rodriguez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Friman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lennart Dencker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Bioscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Sundberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Birger Scholz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Bioscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Sirtuins: molecular traffic lights in the crossroad of oxidative stress, chromatin remodeling, and transcription. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:368276. [PMID: 21912480 PMCID: PMC3168296 DOI: 10.1155/2011/368276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription is regulated by acetylation/deacetylation reactions of histone and nonhistone proteins mediated by enzymes called KATs and HDACs, respectively. As a major mechanism of transcriptional regulation, protein acetylation is a key controller of physiological processes such as cell cycle, DNA damage response, metabolism, apoptosis, and autophagy. The deacetylase activity of class III histone deacetylases or sirtuins depends on the presence of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), and therefore, their function is closely linked to cellular energy consumption. This activity of sirtuins connects the modulation of chromatin dynamics and transcriptional regulation under oxidative stress to cellular lifespan, glucose homeostasis, inflammation, and multiple aging-related diseases including cancer. Here we provide an overview of the recent developments in relation to the diverse biological activities associated with sirtuin enzymes and stress responsive transcription factors, DNA damage, and oxidative stress and relate the involvement of sirtuins in the regulation of these processes to oncogenesis. Since the majority of the molecular mechanisms implicated in these pathways have been described for Sirt1, this sirtuin family member is more extensively presented in this paper.
Collapse
|
150
|
Dinarello CA, Fossati G, Mascagni P. Histone deacetylase inhibitors for treating a spectrum of diseases not related to cancer. Mol Med 2011; 17:333-52. [PMID: 21556484 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This issue of Molecular Medicine contains 14 original research reports and state-of-the-art reviews on histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi's), which are being studied in models of a broad range of diseases not related to the proapoptotic properties used to treat cancer. The spectrum of these diseases responsive to HDACi's is for the most part due to several antiinflammatory properties, often observed in vitro but importantly also in animal models. One unifying property is a reduction in cytokine production as well as inhibition of cytokine postreceptor signaling. Distinct from their use in cancer, the reduction in inflammation by HDACi's is consistently observed at low concentrations compared with the higher concentrations required for killing tumor cells. This characteristic makes HDACi's attractive candidates for treating chronic diseases, since low doses are well tolerated. For example, low oral doses of the HDACi givinostat have been used in children to reduce arthritis and are well tolerated. In addition to the antiinflammatory properties, HDACi's have shown promise in models of neurodegenerative disorders, and HDACi's also hold promise to drive HIV-1 out of latently infected cells. No one molecular mechanism accounts for the non-cancer-related properties of HDACi's, since there are 18 genes coding for histone deacetylases. Rather, there are mechanisms unique for the pathological process of specific cell types. In this overview, we summarize the preclinical data on HDACi's for therapy in a wide spectrum of diseases unrelated to the treatment of cancer. The data suggest the use of HDACi's in treating autoimmune as well as chronic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|