101
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Plaque-Like Pilar Sheath Acanthoma: Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Study of 3 Unusual Cases. Am J Dermatopathol 2018; 40:125-130. [PMID: 28609346 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pilar sheath acanthoma is an uncommon, benign follicular neoplasm that frequently presents as a solitary lesion. This neoplasm usually appears on the skin around the upper lip of elderly patients. Histopathologically, the neoplasm usually shows a cystic configuration with epithelial lobules resembling to those of the outer root sheath of the hair follicle at the level of the isthmus emanating radially from the cyst wall. We present 3 peculiar cases of a pilar sheath acanthoma showing a plaque-like architecture because the lesions exhibited a horizontal configuration. To our knowledge, there are no previously reported examples of plaque-like pilar sheath acanthoma.
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102
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Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Krajewska-Włodarczyk M, Kruszewska A, Banasiak Ł, Placek W, Maksymowicz W, Wojtkiewicz J. Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells in Follicle Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:1049641. [PMID: 30154860 PMCID: PMC6098866 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1049641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia is caused by a variety of factors which affect the hair cycle and decrease stem cell activity and hair follicle regeneration capability. This process causes lower self-acceptance, which may result in depression and anxiety. However, an early onset of androgenic alopecia is associated with an increased incidence of the metabolic syndrome and an increased risk of the cardiac ischaemic disease. The ubiquity of alopecia provides an encouragement to seek new, more effective therapies aimed at hair follicle regeneration and neoregeneration. We know that stem cells can be used to regenerate hair in several therapeutic strategies: reversing the pathological mechanisms which contribute to hair loss, regeneration of complete hair follicles from their parts, and neogenesis of hair follicles from a stem cell culture with isolated cells or tissue engineering. Hair transplant has become a conventional treatment technique in androgenic alopecia (micrografts). Although an autologous transplant is regarded as the gold standard, its usability is limited, because of both a limited amount of material and a reduced viability of cells obtained in this way. The new therapeutic options are adipose-derived stem cells and stem cells from Wharton's jelly. They seem an ideal cell population for use in regenerative medicine because of the absence of immunogenic properties and their ease of obtainment, multipotential character, ease of differentiating into various cell lines, and considerable potential for angiogenesis. In this article, we presented advantages and limitations of using these types of cells in alopecia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Anna Kruszewska
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Łukasz Banasiak
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Toruń, Poland
| | - Waldemar Placek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wojciech Maksymowicz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Foundation for Nerve Cell Regeneration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
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103
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Mostafa NA, Assaf M, Elhakim S, Abdel-Halim MRE, El-Nabarawy E, Gharib K. Diagnostic accuracy of immunohistochemical markers in differentiation between basal cell carcinoma and trichoepithelioma in small biopsy specimens. J Cutan Pathol 2018; 45:807-816. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa A. Mostafa
- Pathology Department; Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | - Magda Assaf
- Pathology Department; Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | - Sami Elhakim
- Pathology Department; Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | | | - Eman El-Nabarawy
- Dermatology Department; Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | - Khaled Gharib
- Dermatology Department; Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
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104
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Rauner G, Kudinov T, Gilad S, Hornung G, Barash I. High Expression of CD200 and CD200R1 Distinguishes Stem and Progenitor Cell Populations within Mammary Repopulating Units. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:288-302. [PMID: 29937142 PMCID: PMC6067058 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aiming to unravel the top of the mammary epithelial cell hierarchy, a subset of the CD49fhighCD24med mammary repopulating units (MRUs) was identified by flow cytometry, expressing high levels of CD200 and its receptor CD200R1. These MRUCD200/CD200R1 repopulated a larger area of de-epithelized mammary fat pads than the rest of the MRUs, termed MRUnot CD200/CD200R1. MRUCD200/CD200R1 maintained a much lower number of divergently defined, highly expressed genes and pathways that support better cell growth, development, differentiation, and progenitor activity than their MRUnot CD200/CD200R1 counterparts. A defined profile of hierarchically associated genes supporting a single-lineage hypothesis was confirmed by in vitro mammosphere analysis that assembled 114 genes with decreased expression from MRUCD200/CD200R1 via MRUnot CD200/CD200R1 toward CD200+CD200R1- and CD200R1+CD200- cells. About 40% of these genes were shared by a previously published database of upregulated genes in mammary/breast stem cells and may represent the core genes involved in mammary stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gat Rauner
- Institute of Animal Science, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel; The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 7610001, Israel
| | - Tania Kudinov
- Institute of Animal Science, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel; The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 7610001, Israel
| | - Shlomit Gilad
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gil Hornung
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Itamar Barash
- Institute of Animal Science, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel.
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105
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Aboulhoda BE, Abd el Fattah S. Bone marrow-derived versus adipose-derived stem cells in wound healing: value and route of administration. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 374:285-302. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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106
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Gupta AC, Chawla S, Hegde A, Singh D, Bandyopadhyay B, Lakshmanan CC, Kalsi G, Ghosh S. Establishment of an in vitro organoid model of dermal papilla of human hair follicle. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9015-9030. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishak C. Gupta
- Department of Textile Technology, Regenerative Engineering Laboratory Indian Institute of Technology Delhi India
| | - Shikha Chawla
- Department of Textile Technology, Regenerative Engineering Laboratory Indian Institute of Technology Delhi India
| | - Ashok Hegde
- ITC Life Sciences and Technology Centre, ITC Ltd. Bangalore India
| | - Divya Singh
- Department of Textile Technology, Regenerative Engineering Laboratory Indian Institute of Technology Delhi India
| | | | | | - Gurpreet Kalsi
- ITC Life Sciences and Technology Centre, ITC Ltd. Bangalore India
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Department of Textile Technology, Regenerative Engineering Laboratory Indian Institute of Technology Delhi India
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107
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Anderi R, Makdissy N, Azar A, Rizk F, Hamade A. Cellular therapy with human autologous adipose-derived adult cells of stromal vascular fraction for alopecia areata. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:141. [PMID: 29764513 PMCID: PMC5952577 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most common forms of hair loss (alopecia) are caused by aberrant hair follicle cycling and changes in hair follicle morphology. However, current treatments for alopecia do not specifically target these processes. Adipose-derived stromal vascular cells (ADSVCs) that can be harvested from fat cells are one of the latest breakthroughs in the aesthetic field. The potential use of stem cell-based therapies (SCBT) for the repair and regeneration of various tissues and organs offers a paradigm shift that may provide alternative therapeutic solutions, which can be applied to prevent hair loss. This study aimed to present clinical cases of SCBT for the treatment of alopecia areata by transplantation of ADSVCs in the scalp. METHODS Twenty patients (9 women and 11 men) were recruited to our retrospectively registered study. After lipoaspiration, autologous ADSVCs were generated and characterized before the injection of 4-4.7 × 106 cells into the scalp of the patient. Hair regeneration was assessed by three clinical tests: the pull test, hair quality, and hair density. RESULTS All patients experienced hair regeneration, increased hair growth and decreased pull test 3 and 6 months after the treatment with ADSVCs [hair density (85.1 ± 8.7 vs 121.1 ± 12.5 hair/cm2, P < 0.0001), hair diameter (60.5 ± 1.8 vs 80.8 ± 2.4μ, P < 0.0001) and pull-test values (4.4 ± 0.3 vs 0.8 ± 0.2, P < 0.0001), untreated versus 6 months post-operative)]. Significant variation was observed between men and women only for hair diameter. No significant differences were observed with age. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results prove the efficacy and the safety of the treatment, and satisfaction of the patients confirm the quality of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Anderi
- Cosmetic Plastic Surgery Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Stem Cells, Organogenesis and and Regenerative Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nehman Makdissy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 3, Lebanese University, Kobbe, Lebanon.
| | - Albert Azar
- Reviva Regenerative Medicine Center, Middle East Institute of Health University Hospital, Bsalim, Lebanon
| | - Francine Rizk
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Therapeutic Innovation, Faculty of Sciences 2, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Aline Hamade
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Therapeutic Innovation, Faculty of Sciences 2, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
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108
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Skin-Derived Stem Cells for Wound Treatment Using Cultured Epidermal Autografts: Clinical Applications and Challenges. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:4623615. [PMID: 29765411 PMCID: PMC5889868 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4623615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human skin fulfills important barrier, sensory, and immune functions-all of which contribute significantly to health and organism integrity. Widespread skin damage requires immediate treatment and coverage because massive skin loss fosters the invasion of pathogens, causes critical fluid loss, and may ultimately lead to death. Since the skin is a highly immunocompetent organ, autologous transplants are the only viable approach to permanently close a widespread skin wound. Despite the development of tissue-saving autologous transplantation techniques such as mesh and Meek grafts, treatment options for extensive skin damage remain severely limited. Yet, the skin is also a rich source of stem and progenitor cells. These cells promote wound healing under physiological conditions and are potential sources for tissue engineering approaches aiming to augment transplantable tissue by generating cultured epidermal autografts (CEAs). Here, we review autologous tissue engineering strategies as well as transplantation products based on skin-derived stem cells. We further provide an overview of clinical trial activities in the field and discuss relevant translational and clinical challenges associated with the use of these products.
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109
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Gaiser MR, Weis CA, Gaiser T, Jiang H, Buder-Bakhaya K, Herpel E, Warth A, Xiao Y, Miao L, Brownell I. Merkel cell carcinoma expresses the immunoregulatory ligand CD200 and induces immunosuppressive macrophages and regulatory T cells. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1426517. [PMID: 29721394 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1426517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive skin cancer that responds to PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors. CD200 is another checkpoint modulator whose receptor is found on tumor-promoting myeloid cells, including M2 macrophages. We found high CD200 mRNA expression in MCC tumors, and CD200 immunostaining was demonstrated on 95.5% of MCC tumors. CD200R-expressing myeloid cells were present in the MCC tumor microenvironment. MCC-associated macrophages had a higher average CD163:CD68 staining ratio (2.67) than controls (1.13), indicating an immunosuppressive M2 phenotype. Accordingly, MCC tumors contained increased densities of FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells. Intravenous administration of blocking anti-CD200 antibody to MCC xenograft mice revealed specific targeting of drug to tumor. In conclusion, MCC are highly CD200 positive and associated with immunosuppressive M2 macrophages and regulatory T-cells. As anti-CD200 antibody effectively targets CD200 on MCC tumor cells in vivo, this treatment may provide a novel immunotherapy for MCC independent of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Gaiser
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cleo-Aron Weis
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Timo Gaiser
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hong Jiang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Kristina Buder-Bakhaya
- National Center for Tumor Diseases and Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Herpel
- Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arne Warth
- Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ying Xiao
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Lingling Miao
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Isaac Brownell
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
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110
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Goldstein NB, Koster MI, Hoaglin LG, Wright MJ, Robinson SE, Robinson WA, Roop DR, Norris DA, Birlea SA. Isolating RNA from precursor and mature melanocytes from human vitiligo and normal skin using laser capture microdissection. Exp Dermatol 2018; 25:805-11. [PMID: 27193292 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To characterize the gene expression profile of regenerated melanocytes in the narrow band UVB (NBUVB)-treated vitiligo epidermis and their precursors in the hair follicle, we present here a strategy of RNA isolation from in situ melanocytes using human frozen skin. We developed a rapid immunostaining protocol using the NKI-beteb antibody, which labels differentiated and precursor melanocytes, followed by fluorescent laser capture microdissection. This technique enabled the direct isolation, from melanocyte and adjacent keratinocyte populations, of satisfactory quality RNA that was successfully amplified and analysed by qRT-PCR. The melanocyte-specific gene transcripts TYR, DCT, TYRP1 and PMEL were significantly upregulated in our NBUVB-treated melanocyte samples as compared with the keratinocyte samples, while keratinocyte-specific genes (KRT5 and KRT14) were expressed significantly higher in the keratinocyte samples as compared with the melanocyte samples. Furthermore, in both NBUVB-treated vitiligo skin and normal skin, when bulge melanocytes were compared with epidermal melanocytes, we found significantly lower expression of melanocyte-specific genes and significantly higher expression of three melanocytic stem cell genes (SOX9, WIF1 and SFRP1), while ALCAM and ALDH1A1 transcripts did not show significant variation. We found significantly higher expression of melanocyte-specific genes in the epidermis of NBUVB-treated vitiligo, as compared to the normal skin. When comparing bulge melanocyte samples from untreated vitiligo, NBUVB-treated vitiligo and normal skin, we did not find significant differences in the expression of melanocyte-specific genes or melanocytic stem cell genes. These techniques offer valuable opportunities to study melanocytes and their precursors in vitiligo and other pigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel B Goldstein
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Maranke I Koster
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laura G Hoaglin
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael J Wright
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Steven E Robinson
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - William A Robinson
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dennis R Roop
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David A Norris
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stanca A Birlea
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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111
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Zhang H, Zhao H, Qiao J, Zhang S, Liu S, Li N, Lei X, Ning L, Cao Y, Duan E. Expansion of Hair Follicle Stem Cells Sticking to Isolated Sebaceous Glands to Generate in Vivo Epidermal Structures. Cell Transplant 2018; 25:2071-2082. [PMID: 27302156 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are considered one of the useful donor cell types for skin regenerative medicine owing to their robust proliferative capacity and multipotency. However, methods for easily and effectively obtaining HFSCs from a limited skin biopsy are still lacking. Here we report a novel approach for obtaining a subpopulation of HFSCs from a small skin sample from the rat tail, which uses the sebaceous glands (SGs) to capture the adjacent HFSCs. By means of organ culture, keratinocytes were expanded from the detached SGs, which also included adherent HFSCs from the hair follicle that could be passaged at the single-cell level. These SG-captured keratinocytes strongly expressed the basal layer markers K14, integrin α6, and p63; the bulge stem cell marker K15; and the upper isthmus stem cell marker Plet1. Furthermore, we reconstituted new epidermis, hair follicles, and SGs from the SG-captured keratinocytes using an easily operated, modified skin reconstitution assay based on silicone gel sheeting. This study suggests that the SGs could be an accessible capturer to harvest the adjacent HFSC subpopulation, particularly when the donor tissue is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huishan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huashan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jingqiao Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shoubing Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lina Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yujing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Enkui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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112
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Watt SM, Pleat JM. Stem cells, niches and scaffolds: Applications to burns and wound care. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 123:82-106. [PMID: 29106911 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The importance of skin to survival, and the devastating physical and psychological consequences of scarring following reparative healing of extensive or difficult to heal human wounds, cannot be disputed. We discuss the significant challenges faced by patients and healthcare providers alike in treating these wounds. New state of the art technologies have provided remarkable insights into the role of skin stem and progenitor cells and their niches in maintaining skin homeostasis and in reparative wound healing. Based on this knowledge, we examine different approaches to repair extensive burn injury and chronic wounds, including full and split thickness skin grafts, temporising matrices and scaffolds, and composite cultured skin products. Notable developments include next generation skin substitutes to replace split thickness skin autografts and next generation gene editing coupled with cell therapies to treat genodermatoses. Further refinements are predicted with the advent of bioprinting technologies, and newly defined biomaterials and autologous cell sources that can be engineered to more accurately replicate human skin architecture, function and cosmesis. These advances will undoubtedly improve quality of life for patients with extensive burns and difficult to heal wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Watt
- Stem Cell Research, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9BQ, UK.
| | - Jonathan M Pleat
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, North Bristol NHS Trust and University of Bristol, Westbury on Trym, Bristol BS9 3TZ, UK.
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113
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Chu GY, Chen YF, Chen HY, Chan MH, Gau CS, Weng SM. Stem cell therapy on skin: Mechanisms, recent advances and drug reviewing issues. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:14-20. [PMID: 29389549 PMCID: PMC9332639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell products and its clinical applications have been widely discussed in recent years, particularly when the Japanese “induced pluripotent stem cells” founder Dr. Yamanaka was awarded as Nobel Prize laureate in 2013. For decades, major progresses have been achieved in the stem cell biology field, and more and more evidence showed that skin stem cells are involved in the process of skin repair. Stem/progenitor cells of the epidermis are recognized to play the most essential role in the tissue regeneration of skin. In this review, we first illustrated basic stem cell characteristics and various stem cell subtypes resided in the skin. Second, we provided several literatures to elucidate how stem/progenitor cells collaborate in the process of skin repair with the evidence from animal model studies and in vitro experiments. Third, we also introduced several examples of skin cell products on the pharmaceutic market and the ongoing clinical trials aiming for unmet medical difficulties of skin. Last but not least, we summarized general reviewing concerns and some disputatious issues on dermatological cell products. With this concise review, we hope to provide further beneficial suggestions for the development of more effective and safer dermatological stem/progenitor cell products in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Yau Chu
- Center for Drug Evaluation, Taipei 11557,
Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11101,
Taiwan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221,
Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Kang-Ning General Hospital, Taipei 11490,
Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fu Chen
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11219,
Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Shih-Ming Weng
- Center for Drug Evaluation, Taipei 11557,
Taiwan
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11219,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author. 3F No. 465, Sec. 6, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 11557, Taiwan. E-mail address: (S.-M. Weng)
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114
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Harland DP. Environment of the Anagen Follicle. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1054:97-108. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-8195-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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115
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Michalczyk T, Biedermann T, Böttcher-Haberzeth S, Klar AS, Meuli M, Reichmann E. UVB exposure of a humanized skin model reveals unexpected dynamic of keratinocyte proliferation and Wnt inhibitor balancing. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:505-515. [PMID: 28715139 DOI: 10.1002/term.2519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We developed human dermo-epidermal skin substitutes that are presently applied in phase I and II clinical trials. Here, we used these very same skin equivalents containing melanocytes, named MelSkin, as an experimental skin model. We investigated the effects of ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation on the skin grafts transplanted on immune-compromised rats. The irradiation induces a strong wound healing response going along with massive proliferation of basal keratinocytes, basically quiescent under nonirradiated, homeostatic conditions. As a consequence of UVB irradiation, the initially clearly defined basal keratinocyte (mono)layer expands into about 3 layers of keratinocytes, all of which still express the basal keratinocyte marker keratin 15. In contrast, epidermal melanocytes remain quiescent under these circumstances. Moreover, the Wnt inhibitors Dickkopf 3 and Wif1 are downregulated upon UVB irradiation in basal keratinocytes, whereas melanocytes continue to express Wnt inhibitors. These findings suggest that there is (a) a suprabasal population, proliferating in the homeostatic state, hence maintaining the integrity of the epidermis, and (b) a basal, usually quiescent keratinocyte population that is induced to massively proliferate upon irradiation. Importantly, the finding that MelSkin responds in a physiological fashion to UVB is of paramount importance in light of the planned clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Michalczyk
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Children's Hospital Zurich, Children's Research Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Biedermann
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Children's Hospital Zurich, Children's Research Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Böttcher-Haberzeth
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Children's Hospital Zurich, Children's Research Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Agnes S Klar
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Children's Hospital Zurich, Children's Research Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Meuli
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Children's Hospital Zurich, Children's Research Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Reichmann
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Children's Hospital Zurich, Children's Research Center, Zurich, Switzerland
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116
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de Castro RVG, Tavares MR, Bressan FF, Pieri NCG, Baracho Trindade Hill A, Souza AF, da R N Cruz N, Martins DS, Ambrósio CE, Meirelles FV, Garcia JM. In vitro identification of a stem cell population from canine hair follicle bulge region. Tissue Cell 2017; 50:43-50. [PMID: 29429517 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Skin is an extensive and easily accessible organ possessing various cell types that are constantly renewed. Previous studies have suggested the presence of a stem cell niche at the bulge region of the hair follicle, which contains cells positive for CD200 and CD34. Thus, this study sought to identify these cell populations in canine skin cells using the following methods 1- collecting samples of adult and fetal skin and isolating and culturing these cells using a method of simple enzymatic digestion and 2- testing the cell cultures for CD200 and CD34 in vitro and comparing them with skin tissue samples (in situ). Immunofluorescence results were negative for both CD200 and CD34 in frozen and paraffin embedded tissue, whereas the analysis showed that cultured cells positive for CD34, CD200 and double positive cells could be visualized in different percentages. Additionally, the pluripotency marker OCT4 was positive in the isolated cells. Analysis of CD34, CD200 and OCT4 by RT-qPCR showed that there is expression in fetal and adult cells, although no difference was observed between groups. Our results suggest that bulge stem cells from both fetuses and adult dogs were reported with the use of CD34 and CD200 markers in this study, and further techniques for cell isolation and in vitro cultivation are needed in order to obtain enriched populations of skin stem cells in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel V G de Castro
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal/SP, Brazil.
| | - Mariana R Tavares
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal/SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana F Bressan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga/SP, Brazil; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Naira C G Pieri
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Baracho Trindade Hill
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal/SP, Brazil
| | - Aline F Souza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga/SP, Brazil
| | - Nathan da R N Cruz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Surgery, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal/SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele S Martins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga/SP, Brazil; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Ambrósio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga/SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio V Meirelles
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga/SP, Brazil
| | - Joaquim M Garcia
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal/SP, Brazil
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117
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PPAR- γ Agonists and Their Role in Primary Cicatricial Alopecia. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:2501248. [PMID: 29333153 PMCID: PMC5733188 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2501248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor that regulates the transcription of various genes. PPAR-γ plays roles in lipid homeostasis, sebocyte maturation, and peroxisome biogenesis and has shown anti-inflammatory effects. PPAR-γ is highly expressed in human sebaceous glands. Disruption of PPAR-γ is believed to be one of the mechanisms of primary cicatricial alopecia (PCA) pathogenesis, causing pilosebaceous dysfunction leading to follicular inflammation. In this review article, we discuss the pathogenesis of PCA with a focus on PPAR-γ involvement in pathogenesis of lichen planopilaris (LPP), the most common lymphocytic form of PCA. We also discuss clinical trials utilizing PPAR-agonists in PCA treatment.
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118
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Divergent proliferation patterns of distinct human hair follicle epithelial progenitor niches in situ and their differential responsiveness to prostaglandin D2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15197. [PMID: 29123134 PMCID: PMC5680340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human scalp hair follicles (hHF) harbour several epithelial stem (eHFSC) and progenitor cell sub-populations organised into spatially distinct niches. However, the constitutive cell cycle activity of these niches remains to be characterized in situ. Therefore, the current study has studied these characteristics of keratin 15+ (K15), CD200+ or CD34+ cells within anagen VI hHFs by immunohistomorphometry, using Ki-67 and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU). We quantitatively demonstrate in situ the relative cell cycle inactivity of the CD200+/K15+ bulge compared to other non-bulge CD34+ and K15+ progenitor compartments and found that in each recognized eHFSC/progenitor niche, proliferation associates negatively with eHFSC-marker expression. Furthermore, we also show how prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), which is upregulated in balding scalp, differentially impacts on the proliferation of distinct eHFSC populations. Namely, 24 h organ-cultured hHFs treated with PGD2 displayed reduced Ki-67 expression and EdU incorporation in bulge resident K15+ cells, but not in supra/proximal bulb outer root sheath K15+ progenitors. This study emphasises clear differences between the cell cycle behaviour of spatially distinct stem/progenitor cell niches in the hHF, and demonstrates a possible link between PGD2 and perturbed proliferation dynamics in epithelial stem cells.
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119
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A comparison of transcriptomic patterns measured in the skin of Chinese fine and coarse wool sheep breeds. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14301. [PMID: 29085060 PMCID: PMC5662721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14772-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterised wool traits, and skin gene expression profiles of fine wool Super Merino (SM) and coarse wool Small Tail Han (STH) sheep. SM sheep had a significantly higher total density of wool follicles, heavier fleeces, finer fibre diameter, and increased crimp frequency, staple length and wool grease (lanolin) production. We found 435 genes were expressed at significantly different levels in the skin of the two breeds (127 genes more highly in SM and 308 genes more highly in STH sheep). Classification of the genes more highly expressed in SM sheep revealed numerous lipid metabolic genes as well as genes encoding keratins, keratin-associated proteins, and wool follicle stem cell markers. In contrast, mammalian epidermal development complex genes and other genes associated with skin cornification and muscle function were more highly expressed in STH sheep. Genes identified in this study may be further evaluated for inclusion in breeding programs, or as targets for therapeutic or genetic interventions, aimed at altering wool quality or yield. Expression of the lipid metabolic genes in the skin of sheep may be used as a novel trait with the potential to alter the content or properties of lanolin or the fleece.
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120
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Fu DJ, Miller AD, Southard TL, Flesken-Nikitin A, Ellenson LH, Nikitin AY. Stem Cell Pathology. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2017; 13:71-92. [PMID: 29059010 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-020117-043935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rapid advances in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine have opened new opportunities for better understanding disease pathogenesis and the development of new diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment approaches. Many stem cell niches are well defined anatomically, thereby allowing their routine pathological evaluation during disease initiation and progression. Evaluation of the consequences of genetic manipulations in stem cells and investigation of the roles of stem cells in regenerative medicine and pathogenesis of various diseases such as cancer require significant expertise in pathology for accurate interpretation of novel findings. Therefore, there is an urgent need for developing stem cell pathology as a discipline to facilitate stem cell research and regenerative medicine. This review provides examples of anatomically defined niches suitable for evaluation by diagnostic pathologists, describes neoplastic lesions associated with them, and discusses further directions of stem cell pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dah-Jiun Fu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Stem Cell Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Stem Cell Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;
| | - Teresa L Southard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Stem Cell Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;
| | - Andrea Flesken-Nikitin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Stem Cell Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;
| | - Lora H Ellenson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Alexander Yu Nikitin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Stem Cell Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;
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121
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Goldstein NB, Koster MI, Jones KL, Gao B, Hoaglin LG, Robinson SE, Wright MJ, Birlea SI, Luman A, Lambert KA, Shellman YG, Fujita M, Robinson WA, Roop DR, Norris DA, Birlea SA. Repigmentation of Human Vitiligo Skin by NBUVB Is Controlled by Transcription of GLI1 and Activation of the β-Catenin Pathway in the Hair Follicle Bulge Stem Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:657-668. [PMID: 29054607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo repigmentation is a complex process in which the melanocyte-depleted interfollicular epidermis is repopulated by melanocyte precursors from hair follicle bulge that proliferate, migrate, and differentiate into mature melanocytes on their way to the epidermis. The strongest stimulus for vitiligo repigmentation is narrow-band UVB (NBUVB), but how the hair follicle melanocyte precursors are activated by UV light has not been extensively studied. To better understand this process, we developed an application that combined laser capture microdissection and subsequent whole transcriptome RNA sequencing of hair follicle bulge melanocyte precursors and compared their gene signatures to that of regenerated mature epidermal melanocytes from NBUVB-treated vitiligo skin. Using this strategy, we found up-regulation of TNC, GJB6, and THBS1 in the hair follicle bulge melanocytes and of TYR in the epidermal melanocytes of the NBUVB-treated vitiligo skin. We validated these results by quantitative real-time-PCR using NBUVB-treated vitiligo skin and untreated normal skin. We also identified that GLI1, a candidate stem cell-associated gene, is significantly up-regulated in the melanocytes captured from NBUVB-treated vitiligo bulge compared with untreated vitiligo bulge. These signals are potential key players in the activation of bulge melanocyte precursors during vitiligo repigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maranke I Koster
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Hematology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Bifeng Gao
- Sequencing and Microarray Core, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Laura G Hoaglin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Michael J Wright
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Smaranda I Birlea
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Abigail Luman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Karoline A Lambert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Yiqun G Shellman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Aurora, Colorado, USA; Denver Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Dennis R Roop
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David A Norris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Aurora, Colorado, USA; Denver Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Stanca A Birlea
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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122
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JOULAI VEIJOUYE S, YARI A, HEIDARI F, SAJEDI N, GHOROGHI MOGHANI F, NOBAKHT M. Bulge Region as a Putative Hair Follicle Stem Cells Niche: A Brief Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 46:1167-1175. [PMID: 29026781 PMCID: PMC5632317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair follicle stem cells exist in different sites. Most of the hair follicle stem cells are reside in niche called bulge. Bulge region is located between the opening of sebaceous gland and the attachment site of the arrector pili muscle. METHODS Data were collected using databases and resources of PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, MEDLINE and their references from the earliest available published to identify English observational studies on hair follicle bulge region. RESULTS Bulge stem cells are pluripotent with high proliferative capacity. Specific markers allow the bulge cells to be isolated from mouse or human hair follicle. Stem cells isolated from bulge region are label retaining and slow cycling hence these cells are defined as label-retaining cells. Bulge cell populations, due to their plasticity nature are able to differentiate into distinct linage and could contribute in tissue regeneration. CONCLUSION The current review discuss about bulge stem cells characteristics and biology including their cycle, location, plasticity, specific markers and regenerative nature. Also the differences between mouse and human hair follicles are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz JOULAI VEIJOUYE
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Dept. of Biology, University Campus 2, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Abazar YARI
- Dept. of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh HEIDARI
- Dept. of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Nayereh SAJEDI
- Dept. of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Maliheh NOBAKHT
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Dept. of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, Anti-Microbial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author:
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123
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Talavera-Adame D, Newman D, Newman N. Conventional and novel stem cell based therapies for androgenic alopecia. Stem Cells Cloning 2017; 10:11-19. [PMID: 28979149 PMCID: PMC5588753 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s138150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of androgenic alopecia (AGA) increases with age and it affects both men and women. Patients diagnosed with AGA may experience decreased quality of life, depression, and feel self-conscious. There are a variety of therapeutic options ranging from prescription drugs to non-prescription medications. Currently, AGA involves an annual global market revenue of US$4 billion and a growth rate of 1.8%, indicating a growing consumer market. Although natural and synthetic ingredients can promote hair growth and, therefore, be useful to treat AGA, some of them have important adverse effects and unknown mechanisms of action that limit their use and benefits. Biologic factors that include signaling from stem cells, dermal papilla cells, and platelet-rich plasma are some of the current therapeutic agents being studied for hair restoration with milder side effects. However, most of the mechanisms exerted by these factors in hair restoration are still being researched. In this review, we analyze the therapeutic agents that have been used for AGA and emphasize the potential of new therapies based on advances in stem cell technologies and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathan Newman
- American Advanced Medical Corp. (Private Practice), Beverly Hills, CA
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124
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Bolormaa S, Swan AA, Brown DJ, Hatcher S, Moghaddar N, van der Werf JH, Goddard ME, Daetwyler HD. Multiple-trait QTL mapping and genomic prediction for wool traits in sheep. Genet Sel Evol 2017; 49:62. [PMID: 28810834 PMCID: PMC5558709 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-017-0337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of genomic selection to sheep breeding could lead to substantial increases in profitability of wool production due to the availability of accurate breeding values from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. Several key traits determine the value of wool and influence a sheep's susceptibility to fleece rot and fly strike. Our aim was to predict genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) and to compare three methods of combining information across traits to map polymorphisms that affect these traits. METHODS GEBV for 5726 Merino and Merino crossbred sheep were calculated using BayesR and genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) with real and imputed 510,174 SNPs for 22 traits (at yearling and adult ages) including wool production and quality, and breech conformation traits that are associated with susceptibility to fly strike. Accuracies of these GEBV were assessed using fivefold cross-validation. We also devised and compared three approximate multi-trait analyses to map pleiotropic quantitative trait loci (QTL): a multi-trait genome-wide association study and two multi-trait methods that use the output from BayesR analyses. One BayesR method used local GEBV for each trait, while the other used the posterior probabilities that a SNP had an effect on each trait. RESULTS BayesR and GBLUP resulted in similar average GEBV accuracies across traits (~0.22). BayesR accuracies were highest for wool yield and fibre diameter (>0.40) and lowest for skin quality and dag score (<0.10). Generally, accuracy was higher for traits with larger reference populations and higher heritability. In total, the three multi-trait analyses identified 206 putative QTL, of which 20 were common to the three analyses. The two BayesR multi-trait approaches mapped QTL in a more defined manner than the multi-trait GWAS. We identified genes with known effects on hair growth (i.e. FGF5, STAT3, KRT86, and ALX4) near SNPs with pleiotropic effects on wool traits. CONCLUSIONS The mean accuracy of genomic prediction across wool traits was around 0.22. The three multi-trait analyses identified 206 putative QTL across the ovine genome. Detailed phenotypic information helped to identify likely candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunduimijid Bolormaa
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia. .,Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
| | - Andrew A Swan
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Daniel J Brown
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Sue Hatcher
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange Agricultural Institute, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Nasir Moghaddar
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Julius H van der Werf
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Michael E Goddard
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.,School of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Hans D Daetwyler
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.,School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
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Sun YC, Ge W, Lai FN, Zhang RQ, Wang JJ, Cheng SF, Shen W, Dyce PW. Oocyte-like cells induced from CD34-positive mouse hair follicle stem cells in vitro. J Genet Genomics 2017; 44:405-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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126
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A genomic approach to susceptibility and pathogenesis leads to identifying potential novel therapeutic targets in androgenetic alopecia. Genomics 2017; 109:165-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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127
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Bonatto N, Carlini MJ, de Bessa Garcia SA, Nagai MA. PHLDA1 (pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 1) knockdown promotes migration and invasion of MCF10A breast epithelial cells. Cell Adh Migr 2017. [PMID: 28640659 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2017.1313382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PHLDA1 (pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 1) is a multifunctional protein that plays distinct roles in several biological processes including cell death and therefore its altered expression has been identified in different types of cancer. Progressively loss of PHLDA1 was found in primary and metastatic melanoma while its overexpression was reported in intestinal and pancreatic tumors. Previous work from our group showed that negative expression of PHLDA1 protein was a strong predictor of poor prognosis for breast cancer disease. However, the function of PHLDA1 in mammary epithelial cells and the tumorigenic process of the breast is unclear. To dissect PHLDA1 role in human breast epithelial cells, we generated a clone of MCF10A cells with stable knockdown of PHLDA1 and performed functional studies. To achieve reduced PHLDA1 expression we used shRNA plasmid transfection and then changes in cell morphology and biological behavior were assessed. We found that PHLDA1 downregulation induced marked morphological alterations in MCF10A cells, such as changes in cell-to-cell adhesion pattern and cytoskeleton reorganization. Regarding cell behavior, MCF10A cells with reduced expression of PHLDA1 showed higher proliferative rate and migration ability in comparison with control cells. We also found that MCF10A cells with PHLDA1 knockdown acquired invasive properties, as evaluated by transwell Matrigel invasion assay and showed enhanced colony-forming ability and irregular growth in low attachment condition. Altogether, our results indicate that PHLDA1 downregulation in MCF10A cells leads to morphological changes and a more aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naieli Bonatto
- a Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology and Oncology , Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.,b Laboratory of Molecular Genetics , Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Maria José Carlini
- a Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology and Oncology , Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.,b Laboratory of Molecular Genetics , Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Simone Aparecida de Bessa Garcia
- a Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology and Oncology , Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.,b Laboratory of Molecular Genetics , Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Nagai
- a Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology and Oncology , Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.,b Laboratory of Molecular Genetics , Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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Gentile P, Scioli MG, Bielli A, Orlandi A, Cervelli V. Stem cells from human hair follicles: first mechanical isolation for immediate autologous clinical use in androgenetic alopecia and hair loss. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 4:58. [PMID: 28725654 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.06.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair follicles are known to contain a well-characterized niche for adult stem cells: the bulge, which contains epithelial and melanocytic stem cells. Stem cells in the hair bulge, a clearly demarcated structure within the lower permanent portion of hair follicles, can generate the interfollicular epidermis, hair follicle structures, and sebaceous glands. The bulge epithelial stem cells can also reconstitute in an artificial in vivo system to a new hair follicle. METHODS In this study, we have developed a new method to isolate human adult stem cells by mechanical centrifugation of punch biopsy from human hair follicles without culture condition. Here, we used human follicle stem cells (HFSCs), to improve the hair density in 11 patients (38 to 61 years old) affected by AGA in stage 3-5 as determined by the Norwood-Hamilton classification scale. RESULTS The primary outcomes were microscopic identification and counting of HFSCs. The secondary outcomes were clinical preliminary results and safety and feasibility in HFSCs-treated scalp. Each scalp tissue suspension contained about 3,728.5±664.5 cells. The percentage of hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells CD44+ [from dermal papilla (DP)] was about 5%+0.7% whereas the percentage of hair follicle epithelial stem cells CD200+ (from the bulge) was about 2.6%+0.3%. In total, 23 weeks after the last treatment with HFSCs mean hair count and hair density increases over baseline values. In particular, a 29%±5% increase in hair density for the treated area and less than a 1% increase in hair density for the placebo area. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that the isolated cells are capable to improve the hair density in patients affected by androgenetic alopecia (AGA). These cells appear to be located in the bulge area of human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Gentile
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" School of Medicine, Rome 00173, Italy.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Catholic University, School of Medicine, Tirane 1031, Albania
| | - Maria G Scioli
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00173, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bielli
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00173, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00173, Italy
| | - Valerio Cervelli
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" School of Medicine, Rome 00173, Italy
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129
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Shin JW, Choi HR, Nam KM, Lee HS, Kim SA, Joe HJ, Kazumi T, Park KC. The Co-Expression Pattern of p63 and HDAC1: A Potential Way to Disclose Stem Cells in Interfollicular Epidermis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071360. [PMID: 28672879 PMCID: PMC5535853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell markers of interfollicular epidermis (IEF) have not been established thus far. The aim of this study is to suggest a new way to disclose IFE-stem cells by combining the expression of histone deacetylases (HDAC) 1 and p63. Immunohistochemical staining of HDAC1 and p63 was performed in six normal human samples. Moreover, a skin equivalent (SE) model was treated with suberoylanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA, an HDAC inhibitor) to elucidate the role of HDAC1. Finally, rapidly adhering (RA) keratinocytes to a type IV collagen, which have been identified to represent epidermal stem cells, were subjected to Western blot analysis with antibodies against HDAC1. In normal samples, there was a minor subpopulation comprised of p63-positive and HDAC1-negative cells in the basal layers. The proportion of this subpopulation was decreased with age. In the SE model, SAHA treatment increased the epidermal thickness and number of p63-positive cells in a dose dependent manner. After SAHA treatment, the expression of differentiation markers was decreased, while that of basement membrane markers was increased. In a Western blot analysis, HDAC1 was not expressed in RA cells. In conclusion, the combination of p63-positive and HDAC1-negative expressions can be a potential new way for distinguishing epidermal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Won Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Korea.
| | - Hye-Ryung Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Mi Nam
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Sun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Korea.
| | - Sung-Ae Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 56 Dalseong-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daegu 41931, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jae Joe
- Department of Dermatology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 56 Dalseong-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daegu 41931, Korea.
| | | | - Kyoung-Chan Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Korea.
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130
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Oortveld MAW, van Vlijmen-Willems IMJJ, Kersten FFJ, Cheng T, Verdoes M, van Erp PEJ, Verbeek S, Reinheckel T, Hendriks WJAJ, Schalkwijk J, Zeeuwen PLJM. Cathepsin B as a potential cystatin M/E target in the mouse hair follicle. FASEB J 2017; 31:4286-4294. [PMID: 28596234 PMCID: PMC5602906 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700267r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency of the cysteine protease inhibitor cystatin M/E (Cst6) in mice leads to disturbed epidermal cornification, impaired barrier function, and neonatal lethality. We report the rescue of the lethal skin phenotype of ichq (Cst6-deficient; Cst6−/−) mice by transgenic, epidermis-specific, reexpression of Cst6 under control of the human involucrin (INV) promoter. Rescued Tg(INV-Cst6)Cst6ichq/ichq mice survive the neonatal phase, but display severe eye pathology and alopecia after 4 mo. We observed keratitis and squamous metaplasia of the corneal epithelium, comparable to Cst6−/−Ctsl+/− mice, as we have reported in other studies. We found the INV promoter to be active in the hair follicle infundibulum; however, we did not observe Cst6 protein expression in the lower regions of the hair follicle in Tg(INV-Cst6)Cst6ichq/ichq mice. This result suggests that unrestricted activity of proteases is involved in disturbance of hair follicle biology, eventually leading to baldness. Using quenched activity-based probes, we identified mouse cathepsin B (CtsB), which is expressed in the lower regions of the hair follicle, as an additional target of mouse Cst6. These data suggest that Cst6 is necessary to control CtsB activity in hair follicle morphogenesis and highlight Cst6-controlled proteolytic pathways as targets for preventing hair loss.—Oortveld, M. A. W., van Vlijmen-Willems, I. M. J. J., Kersten, F. F. J., Cheng, T., Verdoes, M., van Erp, P. E. J., Verbeek, S., Reinheckel, T., Hendriks, W. J. A. J., Schalkwijk, J., Zeeuwen, P. L. J. M. Cathepsin B as a potential cystatin M/E target in the mouse hair follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel A W Oortveld
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M J J van Vlijmen-Willems
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ferry F J Kersten
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tsing Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Piet E J van Erp
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wiljan J A J Hendriks
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Patrick L J M Zeeuwen
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
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131
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Buscone S, Mardaryev AN, Raafs B, Bikker JW, Sticht C, Gretz N, Farjo N, Uzunbajakava NE, Botchkareva NV. A new path in defining light parameters for hair growth: Discovery and modulation of photoreceptors in human hair follicle. Lasers Surg Med 2017; 49:705-718. [PMID: 28418107 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Though devices for hair growth based on low levels of light have shown encouraging results, further improvements of their efficacy is impeded by a lack of knowledge on the exact molecular targets that mediate physiological response in skin and hair follicle. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of selected light-sensitive receptors in the human hair follicle and to study the impact of UV-free blue light on hair growth ex vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression of Opsin receptors in human skin and hair follicles has been characterized using RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence approaches. The functional significance of Opsin 3 was assessed by silencing its expression in the hair follicle cells followed by a transcriptomic profiling. Proprietary LED-based devices emitting two discrete visible wavelengths were used to access the effects of selected optical parameters on hair growth ex vivo and outer root sheath cells in vitro. RESULTS The expression of OPN2 (Rhodopsin) and OPN3 (Panopsin, Encephalopsin) was detected in the distinct compartments of skin and anagen hair follicle. Treatment with 3.2 J/cm2 of blue light with 453 nm central wavelength significantly prolonged anagen phase in hair follicles ex vivo that was correlated with sustained proliferation in the light-treated samples. In contrast, hair follicle treatment with 3.2 J/cm2 of 689 nm light (red light) did not significantly affect hair growth ex vivo. Silencing of OPN3 in the hair follicle outer root sheath cells resulted in the altered expression of genes involved in the control of proliferation and apoptosis, and abrogated stimulatory effects of blue light (3.2 J/cm2 ; 453 nm) on proliferation in the outer root sheath cells. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first evidence that (i) OPN2 and OPN3 are expressed in human hair follicle, and (ii) A 453 nm blue light at low radiant exposure exerts a positive effect on hair growth ex vivo, potentially via interaction with OPN3. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:705-718, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Buscone
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Centre for Skin Sciences, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom.,Philips Research, High Tech Campus 34, Eindhoven 5656 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Andrei N Mardaryev
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Centre for Skin Sciences, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Bianca Raafs
- Philips Research, High Tech Campus 34, Eindhoven 5656 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Bikker
- Consultants in Quantitative Methods BV, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Center of Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Center of Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Natalia V Botchkareva
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Centre for Skin Sciences, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
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Abstract
For decades, researchers have been fascinated by the strategy of using cell therapy for bone defects; some progress in the field has been made. Owing to its ample supply and easy access, skin, the largest organ in the body, has gained attention as a potential source of stem cells. Despite extensive applications in skin and nerve regeneration, an increasing number of reports indicate its potential use in bone tissue engineering and regeneration. Unfortunately, few review articles are available to outline current research efforts in skin-based osteogenesis. This review first summarizes the latest findings on stem cells or progenitors in skin and their niches and then discusses the strategies of skin cell-based osteogenesis. We hope this article elucidates this topic and generates new ideas for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingliang Wang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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133
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Th1/Th2 PB balance and CD200 expression of patients with active severe alopecia areata. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2883-2887. [PMID: 28587354 PMCID: PMC5450686 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Th1/Th2 peripheral blood balance and CD200 expression in patients with severe alopecia areata (SAA) in the active stage were investigated. Fifty patients with active SAA, 50 patients with stable SAA and 50 healthy controls were continuously selected and expression of Th1/Th2 of peripheral T lymphocytes, and peripheral B lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry; RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of the PBMC CD200 mRNA and the expression of CD200 in hair follicles of alopecia area was detected by immunohistochemically staining; ELISA was used to detect expression levels of serum LFN-γ and serum interleukin (IL)-10. The expression of CD200 in patients with alopecia areata in active phase on CD3+ T lymphocytes and CD19+ B lymphocytes was significantly lower (P<0.05) than those in stable phase and of the control group. CD200 expression in patients with alopecia areata in stable phase on T lymphocytes was greatly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). However, the comparison of expression of CD200 in patients with alopecia areata in stable phase on B lymphocytes with the control group were statistically non-significant. The level of the expression of CD200 mRNA in active phase was obviously lower than those of the other two groups and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the moderate positive and strong positive percentage of CD200 in the active phase was significantly lower than those of the other two groups. Positive expression rate of CK15 among the three groups were compared with each other; the differences had no statistical significance. The level of LFN-γ in the active phase had obviously increased while the IL-10 level decreased significantly (P<0.05). In conclusion, the level of expression of CD200 on peripheral blood and hair follicle outer root sheath of patients with SAA was decreased. This may be associated with the imbalance of the Th1/Th2 equilibrium.
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134
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Ho J, Bhawan J. Folliculosebaceous neoplasms: A review of clinical and histological features. J Dermatol 2017; 44:259-278. [PMID: 28256760 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous benign and occasionally malignant tumors arise from the folliculosebaceous apparatus. Confusing terminology, rarity of malignant variants and overlapping histological features can lead to diagnostic uncertainty. This review highlights the clinical and histopathological features that help to classify these entities, as well as the various syndromes associated with certain members of this large family of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ho
- Department of Dermatology and Section of Dermatopathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jag Bhawan
- Department of Dermatology and Section of Dermatopathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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135
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Hair and Nail Manifestations of Systemic Disease. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-017-0169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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136
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Quan R, Du W, Zheng X, Xu S, Li Q, Ji X, Wu X, Shao R, Yang D. VEGF165 induces differentiation of hair follicle stem cells into endothelial cells and plays a role in in vivo angiogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1593-1604. [PMID: 28244687 PMCID: PMC5542910 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of five subtypes, VEGF165 secreted by endothelial cells has been identified to be the most active and widely distributed factor that plays a vital role in courses of angiogenesis, vascularization and mesenchymal cell differentiation. Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) can be harvested from the bulge region of the outer root sheath of the hair follicle and are adult stem cells that have multi-directional differentiation potential. Although the research on differentiation of stem cells (such as fat stem cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells) to the endothelial cells has been extensive, but the various mechanisms and functional forms are unclear. In particular, study on HFSCs' directional differentiation into vascular endothelial cells using VEGF165 has not been reported. In this study, VEGF165 was used as induction factor to induce the differentiation from HFSCs into vascular endothelial cells, and the results showed that Notch signalling pathway might affect the differentiation efficiency of vascular endothelial cells. In addition, the in vivo transplantation experiment provided that HFSCs could promote angiogenesis, and the main function is to accelerate host-derived neovascularization. Therefore, HFSCs could be considered as an ideal cell source for vascular tissue engineering and cell transplantation in the treatment of ischaemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renfu Quan
- Research Institute of Orthopedics, The Affiliated JiangNan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Du
- Research Institute of Orthopedics, The Affiliated JiangNan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Research Institute of Orthopedics, The Affiliated JiangNan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shichao Xu
- Research Institute of Orthopedics, The Affiliated JiangNan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Research Institute of Orthopedics, The Affiliated JiangNan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongxue Shao
- Research Institute of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Disheng Yang
- Research Institute of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Nilforoushzadeh M, Rahimi Jameh E, Jaffary F, Abolhasani E, Keshtmand G, Zarkob H, Mohammadi P, Aghdami N. Hair Follicle Generation by Injections of Adult Human Follicular Epithelial and Dermal Papilla Cells into Nude Mice. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 19:259-268. [PMID: 28670518 PMCID: PMC5412784 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective Dermal papilla and hair epithelial stem cells regulate hair formation and
the growth cycle. Damage to or loss of these cells can cause hair loss. Although
several studies claim to reconstitute hairs using rodent cells in an animal model,
additional research is needed to develop a stable human hair follicle reconstitution
protocol. In this study, we have evaluated hair induction by injecting adult cultured
human dermal papilla cells and a mixture of hair epithelial and dermal papilla cells in
a mouse model.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, discarded human scalp skins were
used to obtain dermal papilla and hair epithelial cells. After separation, cells were cultured
and assessed for their characteristics. We randomly allocated 15 C57BL/6 nude mice into
three groups that received injections in their dorsal skin. The first group received cultured
dermal papilla cells, the second group received a mixture of cultured epithelial and dermal
papilla cells, and the third group (control) received a placebo [phosphate-buffered saline
(PBS-)].
Results Histopathologic examination of the injection sites showed evidence of hair
growth in samples that received cells compared with the control group. However, the
group that received epithelial and dermal papilla cells had visible evidence of hair growth.
PKH tracing confirmed the presence of transplanted cells in the new hair.
Conclusion Our data showed that injection of a combination of adult human cultured
dermal papilla and epithelial cells could induce hair growth in nude mice. This study emphasized that the combination of human adult cultured dermal papilla and epithelial cells
could induce new hair in nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elham Rahimi Jameh
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariba Jaffary
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Abolhasani
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gelavizh Keshtmand
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajar Zarkob
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mohammadi
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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138
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Veraitch O, Mabuchi Y, Matsuzaki Y, Sasaki T, Okuno H, Tsukashima A, Amagai M, Okano H, Ohyama M. Induction of hair follicle dermal papilla cell properties in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived multipotent LNGFR(+)THY-1(+) mesenchymal cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42777. [PMID: 28220862 PMCID: PMC5318903 DOI: 10.1038/srep42777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The dermal papilla (DP) is a specialised mesenchymal component of the hair follicle (HF) that plays key roles in HF morphogenesis and regeneration. Current technical difficulties in preparing trichogenic human DP cells could be overcome by the use of highly proliferative and plastic human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). In this study, hiPSCs were differentiated into induced mesenchymal cells (iMCs) with a bone marrow stromal cell phenotype. A highly proliferative and plastic LNGFR(+)THY-1(+) subset of iMCs was subsequently programmed using retinoic acid and DP cell activating culture medium to acquire DP properties. The resultant cells (induced DP-substituting cells [iDPSCs]) exhibited up-regulated DP markers, interacted with human keratinocytes to up-regulate HF related genes, and when co-grafted with human keratinocytes in vivo gave rise to fibre structures with a hair cuticle-like coat resembling the hair shaft, as confirmed by scanning electron microscope analysis. Furthermore, iDPSCs responded to the clinically used hair growth reagent, minoxidil sulfate, to up-regulate DP genes, further supporting that they were capable of, at least in part, reproducing DP properties. Thus, LNGFR(+)THY-1(+) iMCs may provide material for HF bioengineering and drug screening for hair diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophelia Veraitch
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shiojicho 89-1, Izumo-shi, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- KOSÉ Endowed Program for Skin Care and Allergy Prevention, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hironobu Okuno
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Aki Tsukashima
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Manabu Ohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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139
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Anderi R, Makdissy N, Rizk F, Hamade A. WITHDRAWN: Hair quality improvement in alopecia patients following adipose-derived stem cell treatment. JPRAS Open 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpra.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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140
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Guo EL, Katta R. Diet and hair loss: effects of nutrient deficiency and supplement use. Dermatol Pract Concept 2017; 7:1-10. [PMID: 28243487 PMCID: PMC5315033 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.0701a01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients presenting with hair loss should be screened by medical history, dietary history and physical exam for risk factors for nutrient deficiency. If warranted, laboratory studies may be performed. In patients with no risk factors, further laboratory evaluation searching for nutritional deficiencies is not warranted. For patients with nutritional deficiencies, it is clear that those deficiencies should be corrected. Further research is required to determine whether any benefit exists for nutrient supplementation in the absence of documented deficiency. At this time, patients must be informed that such research is lacking and that in fact some supplements carry the risk of worsening hair loss or the risk of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajani Katta
- Department of Dermatology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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141
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Jian Z, Strait A, Jimeno A, Wang XJ. Cancer Stem Cells in Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 137:31-37. [PMID: 27638386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are found in many cancer types, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). CSCs initiate cancer formation and are linked to metastasis and resistance to therapies. Studies have revealed that several distinct CSC populations coexist in SCC and that tumor initiation and metastatic potential of these populations can be uncoupled. Therefore, it is critical to understand CSC biology to develop novel CSC-targeted therapies for patients with SCC with poor prognoses. This review compares the properties of CSCs in SCC with normal stem cells in the skin, summarizes current advances and characteristics of CSCs, and considers the challenges for CSC-targeted treatment of SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Jian
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Alexander Strait
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Antonio Jimeno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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142
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Cycling CD34 expression in subpopulations of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines is involved in radioresistance and change in cytokeratin expression profile. Clin Exp Med 2016; 17:565-574. [PMID: 27837456 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-016-0440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The expression of the hair follicle stem cell marker CD34 was analyzed in five different head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines with different antibodies. All HNSCC cell lines expressed CD34 on their cell surface. After cell cycle synchronization via serum starvation, we observed cyclic CD34 expression in HNSCC cells dependent on cell cycle progression via immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometric analysis. Investigation of the CD34(+) and CD34(-) HNSCC populations revealed most of the cells in S-phase and G2/M-Phase in CD34(+) cells in contrast to CD34(-) cells. Knockdown of CD34 in HNSCC cells led to diminished clonal expansion in a colony forming assay after subjecting the cells to ionizing radiation. Furthermore, knockdown of CD34 after cell cycle synchronization induced high CK1, CK4, and CK5 gene expression and downregulation of CK10 gene expression as shown by Taqman® quantitative PCR analysis. The expression levels of CK1 and CK10 were verified via western blot analysis. In summary, our study shows that CD34 plays a role during cell cycle progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and additionally is involved in irradiation resistance and differentiation of malignant oral keratinocytes.
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143
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Kim HC, Sohng SH, Shin DH, Choi JS, Bae YK. Immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratin 15, cytokeratin 19, follistatin, and Bmi-1 in basal cell carcinoma. Int J Dermatol 2016; 55:36-44. [PMID: 26739632 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cutaneous neoplasm. Despite numerous previous studies, the origin of BCC is still controversial. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate whether BCC arises from the hair follicle rather than the epidermal basal cell. METHODS The labeling index and differences of expression of the immunohistochemical (IHC) stainings of CK15, CK19, follistatin, and Bmi-1 were evaluated in 20 cases of BCC, 13 cases of trichoblastoma, 21 cases of actinic keratosis (AK), and 19 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) which were biopsied in the department of dermatology of the Yeungnam University Medical Center. RESULTS For CK15, labeling indexes of BCC (83.0%) and trichoblastoma (84.4%) were significantly higher than those of AK (15.9%) and SCC (15.8%). For CK19, labeling indexes of BCC (8.1%), trichoblastoma (6.6%), AK (3.5%), and SCC (14.8%) revealed no difference. For follistatin, labeling indexes of BCC (51.1%) and trichoblastoma (70.1%) were significantly higher than those of AK (0.9%) and SCC (8.5%). For Bmi-1, labeling indexes of BCC (74.4%) and trichoblastoma (84.7%) were significantly higher than those of AK (24.7%) and SCC (18.6%). CONCLUSION In this study, strong positivity of CK15, follistatin, and Bmi-1 was more frequently observed in BCC and trichoblastoma than in SCC and AK. These findings suggest that BCC and trichoblastoma share the same differentiation toward the hair follicle. Furthermore, CK15, follistatin, and Bmi-1 can be useful as markers to differentiate BCC from SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Chull Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Sohng
- Department of Dermatology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong Soo Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Kyung Bae
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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144
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Mohammadi P, Youssef KK, Abbasalizadeh S, Baharvand H, Aghdami N. Human Hair Reconstruction: Close, But Yet So Far. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1767-1779. [PMID: 27649771 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Billions of dollars are annually invested in pharmaceutical industry and cosmetic sector with intent to develop new drugs and treatment strategies for alopecia. Because the hair looks an important characteristic of humans-an effective appendage in perception, expression of beauty, and preservation of self-esteem-the global market for hair loss treatment products is exponentially increasing. However, current methods to treat hair loss endure yet multiple challenges, such as unfavorable outcomes, nonpermanent and patient-dependent results, as well as unpredictable impacts, which limit their application. Over recent years, remarkable advances in the fields of regenerative medicine and hair tissue engineering have raised new hopes for introducing novel cell-based approaches to treat hair loss. Through cell-based approaches, it is possible to produce hair-like structures in the laboratory setting or manipulate cells in their native niche (in vivo lineage reprogramming) to reconstruct the hair follicle. However, challenging issues still exist with the functionality of cultured human hair cells, the proper selection of nonhair cell sources in cases of shortage of donor hair, and the development of defined culture conditions. Moreover, in the case of in vivo lineage reprogramming, selecting appropriate induction factors and their efficient delivery to guide resident cells into a hair fate-with the aim of reconstructing functional hair-still needs further explorations. In this study, we highlight recent advances and current challenges in hair loss treatment using cell-based approaches and provide novel insights for crucial steps, which must be taken into account to develop reproducible, safe, and efficient cell-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Mohammadi
- 1 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology , ACECR, Tehran, Iran .,2 Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture , Tehran, Iran
| | - Khalil Kass Youssef
- 3 Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Instituto de Neurociencias CSIC-UMH , San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Saeed Abbasalizadeh
- 1 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology , ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- 1 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology , ACECR, Tehran, Iran .,2 Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture , Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- 1 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology , ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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145
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Zhang H, Zhao H, Qiao J, Zhang S, Liu S, Li N, Lei X, Ning L, Cao Y, Duan E. Expansion of Hair Follicle Stem Cells Sticking to Isolated Sebaceous Glands to Generate in Vivo Epidermal Structures. Cell Transplant 2016. [DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/096368916x691989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are considered one of the useful donor cell types for skin regenerative medicine owing to their robust proliferative capacity and multipotency. However, methods for easily and effectively obtaining HFSCs from a limited skin biopsy are still lacking. Here we report a novel approach for obtaining a subpopulation of HFSCs from a small skin sample from the rat tail, which uses the sebaceous glands (SGs) to capture the adjacent HFSCs. By means of organ culture, keratinocytes were expanded from the detached SGs, which also included adherent HFSCs from the hair follicle that could be passaged at the single-cell level. These SG-captured keratinocytes strongly expressed the basal layer markers K14, integrin α6, and p63; the bulge stem cell marker K15; and the upper isthmus stem cell marker Plet1. Furthermore, we reconstituted new epidermis, hair follicles, and SGs from the SG-captured keratinocytes using an easily operated, modified skin reconstitution assay based on silicone gel sheeting. This study suggests that the SGs could be an accessible capturer to harvest the adjacent HFSC subpopulation, particularly when the donor tissue is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huishan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huashan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jingqiao Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shoubing Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lina Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yujing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Enkui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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146
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Rittié L, Farr EA, Orringer JS, Voorhees JJ, Fisher GJ. Reduced cell cohesiveness of outgrowths from eccrine sweat glands delays wound closure in elderly skin. Aging Cell 2016; 15:842-52. [PMID: 27184009 PMCID: PMC5013029 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin heals more slowly in aged vs. young adults, but the mechanism for this delay is unclear. In humans, eccrine sweat glands (ESGs) and hair follicles underlying wounds generate cohesive keratinocyte outgrowths that expand to form the new epidermis. Here, we compared the re‐epithelialization of partial‐thickness wounds created on the forearm of healthy young (< 40 yo) and aged (> 70 yo) adults. Our results confirm that the outgrowth of cells from ESGs is a major feature of repair in young skin. Strikingly, in aged skin, although ESG density is unaltered, less than 50% of the ESGs generate epithelial outgrowths during repair (vs. 100% in young). Surprisingly, aging does not alter the wound‐induced proliferation response in hair follicles or ESGs. Instead, there is an overall reduced cohesiveness of keratinocytes in aged skin. Reduced cell–cell cohesiveness was most obvious in ESG‐derived outgrowths that, when present, were surrounded by unconnected cells in the scab overlaying aged wounds. Reduced cell–cell contact persisted during the repair process, with increased intercellular spacing and reduced number of desmosomes. Together, reduced outgrowths of ESG (i) reduce the initial number of cells participating in epidermal repair, (ii) delay wound closure, and (iii) lead to a thinner repaired epidermis in aged vs. young skin. Failure to form cohesive ESG outgrowths may reflect impaired interactions of keratinocytes with the damaged ECM in aged skin. Our findings provide a framework to better understand the mediators of delayed re‐epithelialization in aging and further support the importance of ESGs for the repair of human wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Rittié
- Department of Dermatology University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Elyssa A. Farr
- Department of Dermatology University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Orringer
- Department of Dermatology University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - John J. Voorhees
- Department of Dermatology University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Gary J. Fisher
- Department of Dermatology University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor MI USA
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147
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Niwa O, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Globus RK, Harrison JD, Hendry JH, Jacob P, Martin MT, Seed TM, Shay JW, Story MD, Suzuki K, Yamashita S. ICRP Publication 131: Stem Cell Biology with Respect to Carcinogenesis Aspects of Radiological Protection. Ann ICRP 2016; 44:7-357. [PMID: 26637346 DOI: 10.1177/0146645315595585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This report provides a review of stem cells/progenitor cells and their responses to ionising radiation in relation to issues relevant to stochastic effects of radiation that form a major part of the International Commission on Radiological Protection's system of radiological protection. Current information on stem cell characteristics, maintenance and renewal, evolution with age, location in stem cell 'niches', and radiosensitivity to acute and protracted exposures is presented in a series of substantial reviews as annexes concerning haematopoietic tissue, mammary gland, thyroid, digestive tract, lung, skin, and bone. This foundation of knowledge of stem cells is used in the main text of the report to provide a biological insight into issues such as the linear-no-threshold (LNT) model, cancer risk among tissues, dose-rate effects, and changes in the risk of radiation carcinogenesis by age at exposure and attained age. Knowledge of the biology and associated radiation biology of stem cells and progenitor cells is more developed in tissues that renew fairly rapidly, such as haematopoietic tissue, intestinal mucosa, and epidermis, although all the tissues considered here possess stem cell populations. Important features of stem cell maintenance, renewal, and response are the microenvironmental signals operating in the niche residence, for which a well-defined spatial location has been identified in some tissues. The identity of the target cell for carcinogenesis continues to point to the more primitive stem cell population that is mostly quiescent, and hence able to accumulate the protracted sequence of mutations necessary to result in malignancy. In addition, there is some potential for daughter progenitor cells to be target cells in particular cases, such as in haematopoietic tissue and in skin. Several biological processes could contribute to protecting stem cells from mutation accumulation: (a) accurate DNA repair; (b) rapidly induced death of injured stem cells; (c) retention of the DNA parental template strand during divisions in some tissue systems, so that mutations are passed to the daughter differentiating cells and not retained in the parental cell; and (d) stem cell competition, whereby undamaged stem cells outcompete damaged stem cells for residence in the niche. DNA repair mainly occurs within a few days of irradiation, while stem cell competition requires weeks or many months depending on the tissue type. The aforementioned processes may contribute to the differences in carcinogenic radiation risk values between tissues, and may help to explain why a rapidly replicating tissue such as small intestine is less prone to such risk. The processes also provide a mechanistic insight relevant to the LNT model, and the relative and absolute risk models. The radiobiological knowledge also provides a scientific insight into discussions of the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor currently used in radiological protection guidelines. In addition, the biological information contributes potential reasons for the age-dependent sensitivity to radiation carcinogenesis, including the effects of in-utero exposure.
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148
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Martin MT, Vulin A, Hendry JH. Human epidermal stem cells: Role in adverse skin reactions and carcinogenesis from radiation. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 770:349-368. [PMID: 27919341 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In human skin, keratinopoiesis is based on a functional hierarchy among keratinocytes, with rare slow-cycling stem cells responsible for the long-term maintenance of the tissue through their self-renewal potential, and more differentiated daughter progenitor cells actively cycling to permit epidermal renewal and turn-over every month. Skin is a radio-responsive tissue, developing all types of radiation damage and pathologies, including early tissue reactions such as dysplasia and denudation in epidermis, and later fibrosis in the dermis and acanthosis in epidermis, with the TGF-beta 1 pathway as a known master switch. Also there is a risk of basal cell carcinoma, which arises from epidermal keratinocytes, notably after oncogenic events in PTCH1 or TP53 genes. This review will cover the mechanisms of adverse human skin reactions and carcinogenesis after various types of exposures to ionizing radiation, with comparison with animal data when necessary, and will discuss the possible role of stem cells and their progeny in the development of these disorders. The main endpoints presented are basal cell intrinsic radiosensitivity, genomic stability, individual factors of risk, dose specific responses, major molecular pathways involved and the cellular origin of skin reactions and cancer. Although major advances have been obtained in recent years, the precise implications of epidermal stem cells and their progeny in these processes are not yet fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle T Martin
- CEA/DRF/IRCM/LGRK, 91057 Evry, France; INSERM U967, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Paris 11, France.
| | - Adeline Vulin
- CEA/DRF/IRCM/LGRK, 91057 Evry, France; INSERM U967, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Paris 11, France
| | - Jolyon H Hendry
- Christie Medical Physics and Engineering, Christie Hospital and University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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149
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Smith AA, Li J, Liu B, Hunter D, Pyles M, Gillette M, Dhamdhere GR, Abo A, Oro A, Helms JA. Activating Hair Follicle Stem Cells via R-spondin2 to Stimulate Hair Growth. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1549-1558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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150
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Purba TS, Brunken L, Hawkshaw NJ, Peake M, Hardman J, Paus R. A primer for studying cell cycle dynamics of the human hair follicle. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:663-8. [PMID: 27094702 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The cell cycle is of major importance to human hair follicle (HF) biology. Not only is continuously active cell cycling required to facilitate healthy hair growth in anagen VI HFs, but perturbations in the cell cycle are likely to be of significance in HF pathology (i.e. in scarring, non-scarring, chemotherapy-induced and androgenic alopecias). However, cell cycle dynamics of the human hair follicle (HF) are poorly understood in contrast to what is known in mouse. The current Methods Review aims at helping to close this gap by presenting a primer that introduces immunohistological/immunofluorescent techniques to study the cell cycle in the human HF. Moreover, this primer encourages the exploitation of the human HF as a powerful and clinically relevant tool to investigate mammalian cell cycle biology in situ. To achieve this, we describe methods to study markers of general 'proliferation' (nuclei count, Ki-67 expression), apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling, cleaved caspase 3), mitosis (phospho-histone H3, 'pS780'), DNA synthesis (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) and cell cycle regulation (cyclins) in the human HF. In addition, we provide specific examples of dual immunolabelling for instructive cell cycle analyses and for investigating the cell cycle behaviour of specific HF keratinocyte subpopulations, such as keratin 15+ stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talveen S Purba
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lars Brunken
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathan J Hawkshaw
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Peake
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,BSc Programme Biological Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Jonathan Hardman
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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