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Wang H, Mou H, Xu X, Liu C, Zhou G, Gao B. LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 (potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1) aggravates acute kidney injury by activating p38/NF-κB pathway via miR-212-3p/MAPK1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 1) axis in sepsis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:11353-11368. [PMID: 34783627 PMCID: PMC8810185 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2005987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), a common complication of sepsis, is characterized by a rapid loss of renal excretory function. A variety of etiologies and pathophysiological processes may contribute to AKI. Previously, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) was reported to regulate cellular processes in various sepsis-associated diseases. The current study aimed to further explore the biological function and regulatory mechanism of MAPK1 in sepsis-induced AKI. In our study, MAPK1 exhibited high expression in the serum of AKI patients. Functionally, knockdown of MAPK1 suppressed inflammatory response, cell apoptosis in response of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction in HK-2 cells. Moreover, MAPK1 deficiency alleviated renal inflammation, renal dysfunction, and renal injury in vivo. Mechanistically, MAPK1 could activate the downstream p38/NF-κB pathway. Moreover, long noncoding RNA potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1) was identified to serve as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-212-3p to regulate MAPK1. Finally, rescue assays indicated that the inhibitory effect of KCNQ1OT1 knockdown on inflammatory response, cell apoptosis, and p38/NF-κB pathway was reversed by MAPK1 overexpression in HK-2 cells. In conclusion, KCNQ1OT1 aggravates acute kidney injury by activating p38/NF-κB pathway via miR-212-3p/MAPK1 axis in sepsis. Therefore, KCNQ1OT may serve as a potential biomarker for the prognosis and diagnosis of AKI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Mou
- Department of Nephrology, Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
| | - Changhua Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
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102
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Ji Z, Liu GH, Qu J. Mitochondrial sirtuins, metabolism, and aging. J Genet Genomics 2021; 49:287-298. [PMID: 34856390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining metabolic homeostasis is essential for cellular and organismal health throughout life. Of the multiple signaling pathways that regulate metabolism, such as PI3K/AKT, mTOR, AMPK, and sirtuins, mammalian sirtuins also play unique roles in aging. By understanding how sirtuins regulate metabolic processes, we can start to understand how they slow down or accelerate biological aging. Here, we review the biology of SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5, known as the mitochondrial sirtuins due to their localization in the mitochondrial matrix. First, we will focus on canonical pathways that regulate metabolism more broadly and how these are integrated with aging regulation. Then, we will summarize the current knowledge about functional differences between SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 in metabolic control and integration in signaling networks. Finally, we will discuss how mitochondrial sirtuins regulate processes associated with aging and oxidative stress, calorie restriction and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhejun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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103
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Neres-Santos RS, Junho CVC, Panico K, Caio-Silva W, Pieretti JC, Tamashiro JA, Seabra AB, Ribeiro CAJ, Carneiro-Ramos MS. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiorenal Syndrome 3: Renocardiac Effect of Vitamin C. Cells 2021; 10:3029. [PMID: 34831251 PMCID: PMC8616479 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a pathological link between the kidneys and heart, in which an insult in a kidney or heart leads the other organ to incur damage. CRS is classified into five subtypes, and type 3 (CRS3) is characterized by acute kidney injury as a precursor to subsequent cardiovascular changes. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative and nitrosative stress have been reported in the pathophysiology of CRS3. It is known that vitamin C, an antioxidant, has proven protective capacity for cardiac, renal, and vascular endothelial tissues. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess whether vitamin C provides protection to heart and the kidneys in an in vivo CRS3 model. The unilateral renal ischemia and reperfusion (IR) protocol was performed for 60 min in the left kidney of adult mice, with and without vitamin C treatment, immediately after IR or 15 days after IR. Kidneys and hearts were subsequently collected, and the following analyses were conducted: renal morphometric evaluation, serum urea and creatinine levels, high-resolution respirometry, amperometry technique for NO measurement, gene expression of mitochondrial dynamic markers, and NOS. The analyses showed that the left kidney weight was reduced, urea and creatinine levels were increased, mitochondrial oxygen consumption was reduced, NO levels were elevated, and Mfn2 expression was reduced after 15 days of IR compared to the sham group. Oxygen consumption and NO levels in the heart were also reduced. The treatment with vitamin C preserved the left kidney weight, restored renal function, reduced NO levels, decreased iNOS expression, elevated constitutive NOS isoforms, and improved oxygen consumption. In the heart, oxygen consumption and NO levels were improved after vitamin C treatment, whereas the three NOS isoforms were overexpressed. These data indicate that vitamin C provides protection to the kidneys and some beneficial effects to the heart after IR, indicating it may be a preventive approach against cardiorenal insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Silva Neres-Santos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (R.S.N.-S.); (C.V.C.J.); (K.P.); (W.C.-S.); (J.A.T.)
| | - Carolina Victoria Cruz Junho
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (R.S.N.-S.); (C.V.C.J.); (K.P.); (W.C.-S.); (J.A.T.)
| | - Karine Panico
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (R.S.N.-S.); (C.V.C.J.); (K.P.); (W.C.-S.); (J.A.T.)
| | - Wellington Caio-Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (R.S.N.-S.); (C.V.C.J.); (K.P.); (W.C.-S.); (J.A.T.)
| | - Joana Claudio Pieretti
- Laboratory BioNanoMetals, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (J.C.P.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Juliana Almeida Tamashiro
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (R.S.N.-S.); (C.V.C.J.); (K.P.); (W.C.-S.); (J.A.T.)
| | - Amedea Barozzi Seabra
- Laboratory BioNanoMetals, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (J.C.P.); (A.B.S.)
| | | | - Marcela Sorelli Carneiro-Ramos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (R.S.N.-S.); (C.V.C.J.); (K.P.); (W.C.-S.); (J.A.T.)
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104
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Li Y, Wang Q, Li J, Shi B, Liu Y, Wang P. SIRT3 affects mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming via the AMPK-PGC-1α axis in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate 2021; 81:1135-1148. [PMID: 34411320 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) has been reported to share an association with mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming. However, the molecular mechanism underlying is not well understood, especially in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to research whether SIRT3 can affect the progression of BPH via the regulation of mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming. METHODS Following the development of a rat model of BPH using testosterone propionate (TP), we extracted prostate tissues from sham-operated and BPH rats. Subsequently, bioinformatics prediction was used to screen the genes differentially expressed in BPH. To verify the role played by SIRT3 in BPH, we injected AAV9-SIRT3 into rats, followed by TP treatment. Prostate epithelial cells (PEC) were treated with TP to assess the mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential, and expression of enzymes related to the oxidative phosphorylation pathway after SIRT3 expression alteration. Finally, we examined the expression of AMPK-PGC-1α pathway in tissues and cells. RESULTS SIRT3 was reduced in the prostate tissues of BPH rats. After overexpression of SIRT3, mitochondrial morphology was more stable in prostate tissues of BPH rats and in TP-treated PEC, with significant increases in mitochondrial membrane potential and in the expression of oxidative phosphorylation-related enzymes in the cytoplasm. Moreover, SIRT3 significantly activated the AMPK-PGC-1α signaling pathway, which maintained the stability of mitochondrial membrane potential as well as mitochondrial structure, thus alleviating the symptoms of BPH. CONCLUSION SIRT3 maintained the stability of mitochondrial membrane potential as well as mitochondrial structure by activating the AMPK-PGC-1α pathway, thereby alleviating the symptoms of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Li
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Urology, Dandong Central Hospital, Dandong, Liaoning, China
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yili Liu
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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105
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Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula enhances perindopril inhibition of chronic kidney disease progression by activation of SIRT3, modulation of mitochondrial dynamics, and antioxidant effects. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229914. [PMID: 34633033 PMCID: PMC8536834 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem. Renin–angiotensin system (RAS) blockade is the mainstay of CKD therapy with limitations. Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula (JPYSF) is a traditional herbal decoction and has been used for treating CKD for decades. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the intervention effects of combined used of perindopril erbumine (PE) and JPYSF on CKD progression and explore their underlying mechanisms. CKD rat model was induced by feeding a diet containing 0.75% w/w adenine for 3 weeks. CKD rats were treated with PE or JPYSF or PE+JPYSF from the induction of CKD and lasted 4 weeks. Renal function was evaluated by serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Pathological lesions were observed by Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) and Masson’s trichrome staining. The protein expression was tested by Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. The morphology of mitochondria was observed by transmission electron microscope. The results showed that combined used of PE and JPYSF could better improve renal function and pathological lesions and ameliorate renal fibrosis in CKD rats. Administration of PE and JPYSF enhanced sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression, inhibited mitochondrial fission, promoted mitochondrial fusion, and suppressed oxidative stress in the kidney of CKD rats. In conclusion, combined use of PE and JPYSF protected against CKD more effectively than either alone. The underlying mechanism may be associated with activation of SIRT3, modulation of mitochondrial dynamics, and antioxidant effects.
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106
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Abadi AJ, Mirzaei S, Mahabady MK, Hashemi F, Zabolian A, Hashemi F, Raee P, Aghamiri S, Ashrafizadeh M, Aref AR, Hamblin MR, Hushmandi K, Zarrabi A, Sethi G. Curcumin and its derivatives in cancer therapy: Potentiating antitumor activity of cisplatin and reducing side effects. Phytother Res 2021; 36:189-213. [PMID: 34697839 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a phytochemical isolated from Curcuma longa with potent tumor-suppressor activity, which has shown significant efficacy in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Curcumin stimulates cell death, triggers cycle arrest, and suppresses oncogenic pathways, thereby suppressing cancer progression. Cisplatin (CP) stimulates DNA damage and apoptosis in cancer chemotherapy. However, CP has adverse effects on several organs of the body, and drug resistance is frequently observed. The purpose of the present review is to show the function of curcumin in decreasing CP's adverse impacts and improving its antitumor activity. Curcumin administration reduces ROS levels to prevent apoptosis in normal cells. Furthermore, curcumin can inhibit inflammation via down-regulation of NF-κB to maintain the normal function of organs. Curcumin and its nanoformulations can reduce the hepatoxicity, neurotoxicity, renal toxicity, ototoxicity, and cardiotoxicity caused by CP. Notably, curcumin potentiates CP cytotoxicity via mediating cell death and cycle arrest. Besides, curcumin suppresses the STAT3 and NF-ĸB as tumor-promoting pathways, to enhance CP sensitivity and prevent drug resistance. The targeted delivery of curcumin and CP to tumor cells can be mediated nanostructures. In addition, curcumin derivatives are also able to reduce CP-mediated side effects, and increase CP cytotoxicity against various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asal Jalal Abadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Khaksary Mahabady
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Hashemi
- School of Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Therapy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Pourya Raee
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Aghamiri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Tuzla, Turkey.,Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Vice President at Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa.,Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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107
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Tracy EP, Hughes W, Beare JE, Rowe G, Beyer A, LeBlanc AJ. Aging-Induced Impairment of Vascular Function: Mitochondrial Redox Contributions and Physiological/Clinical Implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:974-1015. [PMID: 34314229 PMCID: PMC8905248 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The vasculature responds to the respiratory needs of tissue by modulating luminal diameter through smooth muscle constriction or relaxation. Coronary perfusion, diastolic function, and coronary flow reserve are drastically reduced with aging. This loss of blood flow contributes to and exacerbates pathological processes such as angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery and microvascular disease. Recent Advances: Increased attention has recently been given to defining mechanisms behind aging-mediated loss of vascular function and development of therapeutic strategies to restore youthful vascular responsiveness. The ultimate goal aims at providing new avenues for symptom management, reversal of tissue damage, and preventing or delaying of aging-induced vascular damage and dysfunction in the first place. Critical Issues: Our major objective is to describe how aging-associated mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to endothelial and smooth muscle dysfunction via dysregulated reactive oxygen species production, the clinical impact of this phenomenon, and to discuss emerging therapeutic strategies. Pathological changes in regulation of mitochondrial oxidative and nitrosative balance (Section 1) and mitochondrial dynamics of fission/fusion (Section 2) have widespread effects on the mechanisms underlying the ability of the vasculature to relax, leading to hyperconstriction with aging. We will focus on flow-mediated dilation, endothelial hyperpolarizing factors (Sections 3 and 4), and adrenergic receptors (Section 5), as outlined in Figure 1. The clinical implications of these changes on major adverse cardiac events and mortality are described (Section 6). Future Directions: We discuss antioxidative therapeutic strategies currently in development to restore mitochondrial redox homeostasis and subsequently vascular function and evaluate their potential clinical impact (Section 7). Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 974-1015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Paul Tracy
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - William Hughes
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jason E Beare
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Gabrielle Rowe
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Andreas Beyer
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amanda Jo LeBlanc
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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108
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Zhang X, Agborbesong E, Li X. The Role of Mitochondria in Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011253. [PMID: 34681922 PMCID: PMC8537003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are heterogeneous and highly dynamic organelles, playing critical roles in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, metabolic modulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and cell differentiation and death. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recognized as a contributor in many diseases. The kidney is an organ enriched in mitochondria and with high energy demand in the human body. Recent studies have been focusing on how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of different forms of kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). AKI has been linked to an increased risk of developing CKD. AKI and CKD have a broad clinical syndrome and a substantial impact on morbidity and mortality, encompassing various etiologies and representing important challenges for global public health. Renal mitochondrial disorders are a common feature of diverse forms of AKI and CKD, which result from defects in mitochondrial structure, dynamics, and biogenesis as well as crosstalk of mitochondria with other organelles. Persistent dysregulation of mitochondrial homeostasis in AKI and CKD affects diverse cellular pathways, leading to an increase in renal microvascular loss, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and eventually renal failure. It is important to understand the cellular and molecular events that govern mitochondria functions and pathophysiology in AKI and CKD, which should facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This review provides an overview of the molecular insights of the mitochondria and the specific pathogenic mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in the progression of AKI, CKD, and AKI to CKD transition. We also discuss the possible beneficial effects of mitochondrial-targeted therapeutic agents for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated AKI and CKD, which may translate into therapeutic options to ameliorate renal injury and delay the progression of these kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (X.Z.); (E.A.)
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ewud Agborbesong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (X.Z.); (E.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (X.Z.); (E.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +507-266-0110
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109
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Sirtuins as Interesting Players in the Course of HIV Infection and Comorbidities. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102739. [PMID: 34685718 PMCID: PMC8534645 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of enzymes from the group of NAD+-dependent deacetylases. Through the reaction of splitting the acetyl group of various transcription factors and histones they regulate many processes in the organism. The activity of sirtuins is linked to metabolic control, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, and they also affect the course of viral infections. For this reason, they may participate in the pathogenesis and development of many diseases, but little is known about their role in the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which is the subject of this review. In the course of HIV infection, comorbidities such as: neurodegenerative disorders, obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes, lipid disorders and cardiovascular diseases, renal and bone diseases developed more frequently and faster compared to the general population. The role of sirtuins in the development of accompanying diseases in the course of HIV infection may also be interesting. There is still a lack of detailed information on this subject. The role of sirtuins, especially SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT6, are indicated to be of great importance in the course of HIV infection and the development of the abovementioned comorbidities.
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110
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Towards prevention of ischemia-reperfusion kidney injury: Pre-clinical evaluation of 6-chromanol derivatives and the lead compound SUL-138 ✰. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 168:106033. [PMID: 34610451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a global healthcare burden attributable to high mortality and staggering costs of dialysis. The underlying causes of AKI include hypothermia and rewarming (H/R), ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species production. Inspired by the mechanisms conferring organ protection in hibernating hamster, 6-chromanol derived compounds were developed to address the need of effective prevention and treatment of AKI. Here we report on the pre-clinical screening of 6-chromanol leads that confer protection during I/R to select compounds with favorable profiles for clinical testing in AKI. A library of 6-chromanols (n = 63) was screened in silico for pharmacochemical properties and druggability. Selected compounds (n = 15) were screened for the potency to protect HEK293 cells from H/R cell death and subjected to a panel of in vitro safety assays. Based on these parameters, SUL-138 was selected as the lead compound and was found to safeguard kidney function and decrease renal injury after I/R in rats. The compound was without cardiovascular or respiratory effects in vivo. SUL-138 pharmacokinetics of control animals (mouse, rat) and those undergoing I/R (rat) was identical, showing a two-phase elimination profile with terminal half-life of about 8 h. Collectively, our phenotype-based screening approach led to the identification of 3 candidates for pre-clinical studies (5%, 3/64). SUL-138 emerged from this small-scale library of 6-chromanols as a novel prophylactic for AKI. The presented efficacy and safety data provide a basis for future development and clinical testing. SECTION ASSIGNMENTS: : Drug discovery and translational medicine, renal, metabolism SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: : Based on in silico druggability parameters, a 63 compound 6-chromanol library was narrowed down to 15 compounds. These compounds were subjected to phenotypical screening of cell survival following hypothermia damage and hit compounds were identified. After subsequent assessment of in vivo efficacy, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and cardiovascular and respiratory safety, SUL-138 emerged as a lead compound that prevented kidney injury after ischemia/reperfusion and demonstrated a favorable pharmacokinetic profile unaffected by renal ischemia.
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111
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Metabolic Reprogramming and Host Tolerance: A Novel Concept to Understand Sepsis-Associated AKI. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184184. [PMID: 34575294 PMCID: PMC8471000 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of sepsis that increases mortality and the risk of progression to chronic kidney disease. However, the mechanisms leading to sepsis-associated AKI are still poorly understood. The recognition that sepsis induces organ dysfunction in the absence of overt necrosis or apoptosis has led to the consideration that tubular epithelial cells (TEC) may deploy defense mechanisms to survive the insult. This concept dovetails well with the notion that the defense against infection does not only depend on the capacity of the immune system to limit the microbial load (known as resistance), but also on the capacity of cells and tissues to limit tissue injury (known as tolerance). In this review, we discuss the importance of TEC metabolic reprogramming as a defense strategy during sepsis, and how this cellular response is likely to operate through a tolerance mechanism. We discuss the fundamental role of specific regulatory nodes and of mitochondria in orchestrating this response, and how this opens avenues for the exploration of targeted therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat sepsis-associated AKI.
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Bryant J, Andhavarapu S, Bever C, Guda P, Katuri A, Gupta U, Arvas M, Asemu G, Heredia A, Gerzanich V, Simard JM, Makar TK. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone improves neuropathological changes in the brain of Tg26 mice, a model for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18519. [PMID: 34531413 PMCID: PMC8446048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The combined antiretroviral therapy era has significantly increased the lifespan of people with HIV (PWH), turning a fatal disease to a chronic one. However, this lower but persistent level of HIV infection increases the susceptibility of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Therefore, research is currently seeking improved treatment for this complication of HIV. In PWH, low levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been associated with worse neurocognitive impairment. Hence, BDNF administration has been gaining relevance as a possible adjunct therapy for HAND. However, systemic administration of BDNF is impractical because of poor pharmacological profile. Therefore, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of BDNF-mimicking 7,8 dihydroxyflavone (DHF), a bioactive high-affinity TrkB agonist, in the memory-involved hippocampus and brain cortex of Tg26 mice, a murine model for HAND. In these brain regions, we observed astrogliosis, increased expression of chemokine HIV-1 coreceptors CXCR4 and CCR5, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial damage. Hippocampi and cortices of DHF treated mice exhibited a reversal of these pathological changes, suggesting the therapeutic potential of DHF in HAND. Moreover, our data indicates that DHF increases the phosphorylation of TrkB, providing new insights about the role of the TrkB-Akt-NFkB signaling pathway in mediating these pathological hallmarks. These findings guide future research as DHF shows promise as a TrkB agonist treatment for HAND patients in adjunction to the current antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Bryant
- Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | | | - Christopher Bever
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | | | - Akhil Katuri
- Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Udit Gupta
- Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | | | - Girma Asemu
- Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | | | - Volodymyr Gerzanich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - J Marc Simard
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Tapas Kumar Makar
- Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Zhang Y, Wen P, Luo J, Ding H, Cao H, He W, Zen K, Zhou Y, Yang J, Jiang L. Sirtuin 3 regulates mitochondrial protein acetylation and metabolism in tubular epithelial cells during renal fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:847. [PMID: 34518519 PMCID: PMC8437958 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proximal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) demand high energy and rely on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation as the main energy source. However, this is disturbed in renal fibrosis. Acetylation is an important post-translational modification for mitochondrial metabolism. The mitochondrial protein NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) regulates mitochondrial metabolic function. Therefore, we aimed to identify the changes in the acetylome in tubules from fibrotic kidneys and determine their association with mitochondria. We found that decreased SIRT3 expression was accompanied by increased acetylation in mitochondria that have separated from TECs during the early phase of renal fibrosis. Sirt3 knockout mice were susceptible to hyper-acetylated mitochondrial proteins and to severe renal fibrosis. The activation of SIRT3 by honokiol ameliorated acetylation and prevented renal fibrosis. Analysis of the acetylome in separated tubules using LC-MS/MS showed that most kidney proteins were hyper-acetylated after unilateral ureteral obstruction. The increased acetylated proteins with 26.76% were mitochondrial proteins which were mapped to a broad range of mitochondrial pathways including fatty acid β-oxidation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation. Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α (PDHE1α), which is the primary link between glycolysis and the TCA cycle, was hyper-acetylated at lysine 385 in TECs after TGF-β1 stimulation and was regulated by SIRT3. Our findings showed that mitochondrial proteins involved in regulating energy metabolism were acetylated and targeted by SIRT3 in TECs. The deacetylation of PDHE1α by SIRT3 at lysine 385 plays a key role in metabolic reprogramming associated with renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Center for Kidney Disease, The second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Ping Wen
- Center for Kidney Disease, The second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Center for Kidney Disease, The second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Center for Kidney Disease, The second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Hongdi Cao
- Center for Kidney Disease, The second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Weichun He
- Center for Kidney Disease, The second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University Advanced Institute of Life Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Center for Kidney Disease, The second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China.
| | - Junwei Yang
- Center for Kidney Disease, The second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China.
| | - Lei Jiang
- Center for Kidney Disease, The second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China.
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Li Y, Hepokoski M, Gu W, Simonson T, Singh P. Targeting Mitochondria and Metabolism in Acute Kidney Injury. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3991. [PMID: 34501442 PMCID: PMC8432487 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. AKI is also an independent risk factor for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease. Effective therapeutic strategies for AKI are limited, but emerging evidence indicates a prominent role of mitochondrial dysfunction and altered tubular metabolism in the pathogenesis of AKI. Therefore, a comprehensive, mechanistic understanding of mitochondrial function and renal metabolism in AKI may lead to the development of novel therapies in AKI. In this review, we provide an overview of current state of research on the role of mitochondria and tubular metabolism in AKI from both pre-clinical and clinical studies. We also highlight current therapeutic strategies which target mitochondrial function and metabolic pathways for the treatment of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA;
| | - Mark Hepokoski
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA;
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (W.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Wanjun Gu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (W.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Tatum Simonson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (W.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Prabhleen Singh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA;
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Shen H, Holliday M, Sheikh-Hamad D, Li Q, Tong Q, Hamad CD, Pan JS. Sirtuin-3 mediates sex differences in kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury. Transl Res 2021; 235:15-31. [PMID: 33789208 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Studies suggest that biological sex influences susceptibility to kidney diseases with males demonstrating greater risk for developing ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI). Sex-related differences in mitochondrial function and homeostasis exist, likely contributing to sexual dimorphism in kidney injury, but the mechanisms are not well characterized. Our observations reveal lower baseline expression of Sirtuin-3 (Sirt3, a major mitochondrial acetyltransferase) in the kidneys of male mice versus females. We tested the hypothesis that differential expression of kidney Sirt3 may mediate sexual dimorphism in AKI using a bilateral kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) model and three transgenic mouse models: (1) mice with global transgenic overexpression of Sirt3; (2) mice with inducible, kidney tubule-specific Sirt3 knockdown (iKD); and (3) mice with global Sirt3 knockout. Low mitochondrial Sirt3 (mtSirt3) in males versus females is associated with development of kidney tubular epithelium vacuoles, increased mitochondrial ROS and susceptibility to IRI. Transgenic overexpression of Sirt3 in males protects against kidney IRI and development of tubular epithelium vacuoles. In both sexes, mice with partial kidney tubular epithelium-specific Sirt3 knockdown display intermediate - while global Sirt3 knockout mice display the highest susceptibility to IRI. Female Sirt3 iKD mice demonstrate decreased survival and kidney function after IRI indistinguishable from control males, abolishing the protective effects observed in females. Mechanistically, observed differences in kidney mtSirt3 are sex hormone-dependent; estradiol increases - while testosterone decreases mtSirt3 protein. Our results demonstrate that Sirt3 is an important contributor to the observed sex-related differences in IRI susceptibility, and a potential therapeutic target in the clinical management of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Shen
- Department of Medicine/Division of Nephrology/Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael Holliday
- Department of Medicine/Division of Nephrology/Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Renal Section and Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David Sheikh-Hamad
- Department of Medicine/Division of Nephrology/Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Renal Section and Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qingtian Li
- Department of Medicine/Division of Nephrology/Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Qiang Tong
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher David Hamad
- Department of Medicine/Division of Nephrology/Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jenny S Pan
- Department of Medicine/Division of Nephrology/Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Renal Section and Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas.
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116
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Mapuskar KA, Steinbach EJ, Zaher A, Riley DP, Beardsley RA, Keene JL, Holmlund JT, Anderson CM, Zepeda-Orozco D, Buatti JM, Spitz DR, Allen BG. Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase in Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091329. [PMID: 34572961 PMCID: PMC8469643 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapy agent commonly used to treat a wide variety of cancers. Despite the potential for both severe acute and chronic side effects, it remains a preferred therapeutic option for many malignancies due to its potent anti-tumor activity. Common cisplatin-associated side-effects include acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). These renal injuries may cause delays and potentially cessation of cisplatin therapy and have long-term effects on renal function reserve. Thus, developing mechanism-based interventional strategies that minimize cisplatin-associated kidney injury without reducing efficacy would be of great benefit. In addition to its action of cross-linking DNA, cisplatin has been shown to affect mitochondrial metabolism, resulting in mitochondrially derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increased ROS formation in renal proximal convoluted tubule cells is associated with cisplatin-induced AKI and CKD. We review the mechanisms by which cisplatin may induce AKI and CKD and discuss the potential of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase mimetics to prevent platinum-associated nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kranti A. Mapuskar
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.A.M.); (E.J.S.); (C.M.A.); (J.M.B.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Emily J. Steinbach
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.A.M.); (E.J.S.); (C.M.A.); (J.M.B.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Amira Zaher
- Biomedical Science Program, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Dennis P. Riley
- Galera Therapeutics, Inc., Malvern, PA 19355, USA; (D.P.R.); (R.A.B.); (J.L.K.); (J.T.H.)
| | - Robert A. Beardsley
- Galera Therapeutics, Inc., Malvern, PA 19355, USA; (D.P.R.); (R.A.B.); (J.L.K.); (J.T.H.)
| | - Jeffery L. Keene
- Galera Therapeutics, Inc., Malvern, PA 19355, USA; (D.P.R.); (R.A.B.); (J.L.K.); (J.T.H.)
| | - Jon T. Holmlund
- Galera Therapeutics, Inc., Malvern, PA 19355, USA; (D.P.R.); (R.A.B.); (J.L.K.); (J.T.H.)
| | - Carryn M. Anderson
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.A.M.); (E.J.S.); (C.M.A.); (J.M.B.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Diana Zepeda-Orozco
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA;
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - John M. Buatti
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.A.M.); (E.J.S.); (C.M.A.); (J.M.B.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Douglas R. Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.A.M.); (E.J.S.); (C.M.A.); (J.M.B.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Bryan G. Allen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.A.M.); (E.J.S.); (C.M.A.); (J.M.B.); (D.R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-319-335-8019; Fax: +1-319-335-8039
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Li XC, Wang CH, Leite APO, Zhuo JL. Intratubular, Intracellular, and Mitochondrial Angiotensin II/AT 1 (AT1a) Receptor/NHE3 Signaling Plays a Critical Role in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension and Kidney Injury. Front Physiol 2021; 12:702797. [PMID: 34408663 PMCID: PMC8364949 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.702797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is well recognized to be the most important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and end-stage kidney failure. A quarter of the world’s adult populations and 46% of the US adults develop hypertension and currently require antihypertensive treatments. Only 50% of hypertensive patients are responsive to current antihypertensive drugs, whereas remaining patients may continue to develop cardiovascular, stroke, and kidney diseases. The mechanisms underlying the poorly controlled hypertension remain incompletely understood. Recently, we have focused our efforts to uncover additional renal mechanisms, pathways, and therapeutic targets of poorly controlled hypertension and target organ injury using novel animal models or innovative experimental approaches. Specifically, we studied and elucidated the important roles of intratubular, intracellular, and mitochondrial angiotensin II (Ang II) system in the development of Ang II-dependent hypertension. The objectives of this invited article are to review and discuss our recent findings that (a) circulating and intratubular Ang II is taken up by the proximal tubules via the (AT1) AT1a receptor-dependent mechanism, (b) intracellular administration of Ang II in proximal tubule cells or adenovirus-mediated overexpression of an intracellular Ang II fusion protein selectively in the mitochonria of the proximal tubules induces blood pressure responses, and (c) genetic deletion of AT1 (AT1a) receptors or the Na+/H+ exchanger 3 selectively in the proximal tubules decreases basal blood pressure and attenuates Ang II-induced hypertension. These studies provide a new perspective into the important roles of the intratubular, intracellular, and mitochondrial angiotensin II/AT1 (AT1a) receptor signaling in Ang II-dependent hypertensive kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chun Li
- Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine,New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Chih-Hong Wang
- Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine,New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Ana Paula Oliveira Leite
- Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine,New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jia Long Zhuo
- Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine,New Orleans, LA, United States
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Li Z, Lu S, Li X. The role of metabolic reprogramming in tubular epithelial cells during the progression of acute kidney injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5731-5741. [PMID: 34185125 PMCID: PMC11073237 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03892-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common clinical syndromes. AKI is associated with significant morbidity and subsequent chronic kidney disease (CKD) development. Thus, it is urgent to develop a strategy to hinder AKI progression. Renal tubules are responsible for the reabsorption and secretion of various solutes and the damage to this part of the nephron is a key mediator of AKI. As we know, many common renal insults primarily target the highly metabolically active proximal tubular cells (PTCs). PTCs are the most energy-demanding cells in the kidney. The ATP that they use is mostly produced in their mitochondria by fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO). But, when PTCs face various biological stresses, FAO will shut down for a time that outlives injury. Recent studies have suggested that surviving PTCs can adapt to FAO disruption by increasing glycolysis when facing metabolic constraints, although PTCs do not perform glycolysis in a normal physiological state. Enhanced glycolysis in a short period compensates for impaired energy production and exerts partial renal-protective effects, but its long-term effect on renal function and AKI progression is not promising. Deranged FAO and enhanced glycolysis may contribute to the AKI to CKD transition through different molecular biological mechanisms. In this review, we concentrate on the recent pathological findings of AKI with regards to the metabolic reprogramming in PTCs, confirming that targeting metabolic reprogramming represents a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for the progression of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Li
- Medicial Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Shan Lu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
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119
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Sirtuin 5 depletion impairs mitochondrial function in human proximal tubular epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15510. [PMID: 34330933 PMCID: PMC8324880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia is a major cause of kidney damage. Proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) are highly susceptible to ischemic insults that frequently cause acute kidney injury (AKI), a potentially life-threatening condition with high mortality. Accumulating evidence has identified altered mitochondrial function as a central pathologic feature of AKI. The mitochondrial NAD+-dependent enzyme sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a key regulator of mitochondrial form and function, but its role in ischemic renal injury (IRI) is unknown. SIRT5 expression was increased in murine PTECs after IRI in vivo and in human PTECs (hPTECs) exposed to an oxygen/nutrient deprivation (OND) model of IRI in vitro. SIRT5-depletion impaired ATP production, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and provoked mitochondrial fragmentation in hPTECs. Moreover, SIRT5 RNAi exacerbated OND-induced mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction and swelling, and increased degradation by mitophagy. These findings suggest SIRT5 is required for normal mitochondrial function in hPTECs and indicate a potentially important role for the enzyme in the regulation of mitochondrial biology in ischemia.
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120
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Sirtuins and Renal Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081198. [PMID: 34439446 PMCID: PMC8388938 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal failure is a major health problem that is increasing worldwide. To improve clinical outcomes, we need to understand the basic mechanisms of kidney disease. Aging is a risk factor for the development and progression of kidney disease. Cells develop an imbalance of oxidants and antioxidants as they age, resulting in oxidative stress and the development of kidney damage. Calorie restriction (CR) is recognized as a dietary approach that promotes longevity, reduces oxidative stress, and delays the onset of age-related diseases. Sirtuins, a type of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent histone deacetylase, are considered to be anti-aging molecules, and CR induces their expression. The sirtuin family consists of seven enzymes (Sirt1–7) that are involved in processes and functions related to antioxidant and oxidative stress, such as DNA damage repair and metabolism through histone and protein deacetylation. In fact, a role for sirtuins in the regulation of antioxidants and redox substances has been suggested. Therefore, the activation of sirtuins in the kidney may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to enhancing resistance to many causative factors in kidney disease through the reduction of oxidative stress. In this review, we discuss the relationship between sirtuins and oxidative stress in renal disease.
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121
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Xu J, Kitada M, Koya D. NAD + Homeostasis in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:703076. [PMID: 34368195 PMCID: PMC8333862 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.703076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The redox reaction and energy metabolism status in mitochondria is involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic related disorder in kidney including diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a cofactor for redox reactions and energy metabolism in mitochondria. NAD+ can be synthesized from four precursors through three pathways. The accumulation of NAD+ may ameliorate oxidative stress, inflammation and improve mitochondrial biosynthesis via supplementation of precursors and intermediates of NAD+ and activation of sirtuins activity. Conversely, the depletion of NAD+ via NAD+ consuming enzymes including Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), cADPR synthases may contribute to oxidative stress, inflammation, impaired mitochondrial biosynthesis, which leads to the pathogenesis of DKD. Therefore, homeostasis of NAD+ may be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of kidney diseases including DKD. In this review, we focus on the regulation of the metabolic balance of NAD+ on the pathogenesis of kidney diseases, especially DKD, highlight benefits of the potential interventions targeting NAD+-boosting in the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Munehiro Kitada
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
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Guan YM, Diao ZL, Huang HD, Zheng JF, Zhang QD, Wang LY, Liu WH. Bioactive peptide apelin rescues acute kidney injury by protecting the function of renal tubular mitochondria. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1229-1240. [PMID: 34254213 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in proximal tubular epithelial cells is a key event in acute kidney injury (AKI), which is a risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Apelin is a bioactive peptide that protects against AKI by alleviating inflammation, inhibiting apoptosis, and preventing lipid oxidation, but its role in protecting against mitochondrial damage remains unknown. Herein, we examined the protective effects of apelin on mitochondria in cisplatin-stimulated human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells and evaluated its therapeutic efficacy in cisplatin-induced AKI mice. In vitro, apelin inhibited the cisplatin-induced mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) upregulation and the fusion-promoting protein optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) downregulation. Apelin co-treatment reversed the decreased levels of the deacetylase, Sirt3, and the increased levels of protein acetylation in mitochondria of cisplatin-stimulated cells. Overall, apelin improved the mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential in vitro. In the AKI model, apelin administration significantly attenuated mitochondrial damage, as evidenced by longer mitochondrial profiles and increased ATP levels in the renal cortex. Suppression of MFF expression, and maintenance of Sirt3 and OPA1 expression in apelin-treated AKI mice was also observed. Finally, exogenous administration of apelin normalized the serum level of creatinine and urea nitrogen and the urine levels of NGAL and Kim-1. We also confirmed a regulatory pathway that drives mitochondrial homeostasis including PGC-1α, ERRα and Sirt3. In conclusion, we demonstrated that apelin ameliorates renal functions by protecting tubular mitochondria through Sirt3 upregulation, which is a novel protective mechanism of apelin in AKI. These results suggest that apelin has potential renoprotective effects and may be an effective agent for AKI treatment to significantly retard CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Guan
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zong-Li Diao
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hong-Dong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jun-Fang Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qi-Dong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Li-Yan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Wen-Hu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Wangpaichitr M, Theodoropoulos G, Nguyen DJM, Wu C, Spector SA, Feun LG, Savaraj N. Cisplatin Resistance and Redox-Metabolic Vulnerability: A Second Alteration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7379. [PMID: 34298999 PMCID: PMC8304747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of drug resistance in tumors is a major obstacle to effective cancer chemotherapy and represents one of the most significant complications to improving long-term patient outcomes. Despite early positive responsiveness to platinum-based chemotherapy, the majority of lung cancer patients develop resistance. The development of a new combination therapy targeting cisplatin-resistant (CR) tumors may mark a major improvement as salvage therapy in these patients. The recent resurgence in research into cellular metabolism has again confirmed that cancer cells utilize aerobic glycolysis ("the Warburg effect") to produce energy. Hence, this observation still remains a characteristic hallmark of altered metabolism in certain cancer cells. However, recent evidence promotes another concept wherein some tumors that acquire resistance to cisplatin undergo further metabolic alterations that increase tumor reliance on oxidative metabolism (OXMET) instead of glycolysis. Our review focuses on molecular changes that occur in tumors due to the relationship between metabolic demands and the importance of NAD+ in redox (ROS) metabolism and the crosstalk between PARP-1 (Poly (ADP ribose) polymerase-1) and SIRTs (sirtuins) in CR tumors. Finally, we discuss a role for the tumor metabolites of the kynurenine pathway (tryptophan catabolism) as effectors of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment during acquisition of resistance in CR cells. Understanding these concepts will form the basis for future targeting of CR cells by exploiting redox-metabolic changes and their consequences on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment as a new approach to improve overall therapeutic outcomes and survival in patients who fail cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhi Wangpaichitr
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service (151), Miami, FL 33125, USA; (G.T.); (D.J.M.N.); (C.W.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - George Theodoropoulos
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service (151), Miami, FL 33125, USA; (G.T.); (D.J.M.N.); (C.W.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Dan J. M. Nguyen
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service (151), Miami, FL 33125, USA; (G.T.); (D.J.M.N.); (C.W.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Chunjing Wu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service (151), Miami, FL 33125, USA; (G.T.); (D.J.M.N.); (C.W.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Sydney A. Spector
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service (151), Miami, FL 33125, USA; (G.T.); (D.J.M.N.); (C.W.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Lynn G. Feun
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (L.G.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Niramol Savaraj
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (L.G.F.); (N.S.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Hematology/Oncology, 1201 NW 16 Street, Room D1010, Miami, FL 33125, USA
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Liu J, Zong Z, Zhang W, Chen Y, Wang X, Shen J, Yang C, Liu X, Deng H. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Alleviates LPS-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress via Decreasing COX-2 Expression in Macrophages. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:702107. [PMID: 34295923 PMCID: PMC8290259 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.702107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage activation is an important process in controlling infection, but persistent macrophage activation leads to chronic inflammation and diseases, such as tumor progression, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Characterizing metabolic signatures of macrophage activation is important for developing new approaches for macrophage inactivation. Herein, we performed metabolomic analysis on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages and identified the associated changes in metabolites. Notably, the cellular Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ levels were decreased while NADPH was increased, proposing that NAD+ restoration can inhibit macrophage activation. Indeed, supplementation of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) increased cellular NAD+ levels and decreased cytokine productions in LPS-activated cells. Quantitative proteomics identified that nicotinamide mononucleotide downregulated the expressions of LPS-responsive proteins, in which cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression was significantly decreased in NMN-treated cells. Consequently, the cellular levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was also decreased, indicating that NMN inactivated macrophages via COX-2-PGE2 pathway, which was validated in activated THP-1 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages. In conclusion, the present study identified the metabolic characteristics of activated macrophages and revealed that NMN replenishment is an efficient approach for controlling macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Shenzhen Hope Life Biotechnology Co., LTD, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changmei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Suliman H, Ma Q, Zhang Z, Ren J, Morris BT, Crowley SD, Ulloa L, Privratsky JR. Annexin A1 Tripeptide Mimetic Increases Sirtuin-3 and Augments Mitochondrial Function to Limit Ischemic Kidney Injury. Front Physiol 2021; 12:683098. [PMID: 34276404 PMCID: PMC8281307 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.683098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common organ failures following surgery. We have developed a tripeptide mimetic (ANXA1sp) of the parent annexin A1 molecule that shows promise as an organ protectant limiting cellular stress; however, its potential as a kidney protective agent remains unexplored, and its mechanism of action is poorly understood. Our hypothesis was that ANXA1sp would limit kidney injury following surgical ischemic kidney injury. Methods: In a blinded fashion, wildtype mice were assigned to receive vehicle control or ANXA1sp one hour prior to and one hour after kidney vascular clamping. Our primary outcomes were markers of kidney injury and function as measured by serum creatinine and histologic injury scoring of kidney tissue sections. Immunofluorescence microscopy, real-time PCR, and Western blot were used to assess cell death, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial biomarkers. An in vitro model of oxygen-glucose deprivation in immortalized kidney tubule cells was used. Results: ANXA1sp given prior to and after ischemic kidney injury abrogated ischemic kidney injury. ANXA1sp limited cell death both in vivo and in vitro and abrogated oxidative stress following ischemia. ANXA1sp significantly increased the expression of markers associated with protective mitophagy and limited the expression of markers associated with detrimental mitochondrial fission. ANXA1sp upregulated the expression of the mitochondrial protectant sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) in the mitochondria of kidney tubular cells. Silencing of SIRT3 reversed ANXA1sp-mediated protection against hypoxic cell death. Conclusions: ANXA1sp limits kidney injury, upregulates SIRT3, and preserves mitochondrial integrity following ischemic kidney injury. ANXA1sp holds considerable promise as a perioperative kidney protectant prior to ischemia inducing surgery and kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagir Suliman
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology. Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Qing Ma
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology. Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Zhiquan Zhang
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology. Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jiafa Ren
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Benjamin T. Morris
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology. Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Steven D. Crowley
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology. Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jamie R. Privratsky
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology. Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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Li H, Qin S, Liang Q, Xi Y, Bo W, Cai M, Tian Z. Exercise Training Enhances Myocardial Mitophagy and Improves Cardiac Function via Irisin/FNDC5-PINK1/Parkin Pathway in MI Mice. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060701. [PMID: 34205641 PMCID: PMC8234442 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is the major cause of death in cardiovascular disease. In vitro and in vivo models are used to find the exercise mode which has the most significant effect on myocardial irisin/FNDC5 expression and illuminate the cardioprotective role and mechanisms of exercise-activated myocardial irisin/FNDC5-PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in myocardial infarction. The results indicated that expression of irisin/FNDC5 in myocardium could be up-regulated by different types of exercise and skeletal muscle electrical stimulation, which then promotes mitophagy and improves cardiac function and the effect of resistance exercise. Resistance exercise can improve cardiac function by activating the irisin/FNDC5-PINK1/Parkin-LC3/P62 pathway, regulating mitophagy and inhibiting oxidative stress. OPA1 may play an important role in the improvement of cardiac function and mitophagy pathway in myocardial infarction mice by irisin-mediated resistance exercise. Resistance exercise is expected to become an effective therapeutic way to promote myocardial infarction rehabilitation.
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127
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Zhou X, Chen H, Shi Y, Ma X, Zhuang S, Liu N. The Role and Mechanism of Histone Deacetylases in Acute Kidney Injury. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:695237. [PMID: 34220520 PMCID: PMC8242167 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.695237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical complication with an incidence of up to 8-18% in hospitalized patients. AKI is also a complication of COVID-19 patients and is associated with an increased risk of death. In recent years, numerous studies have suggested that epigenetic regulation is critically involved in the pathophysiological process and prognosis of AKI. Histone acetylation, one of the epigenetic regulations, is negatively regulated by histone deacetylases (HDACs). Increasing evidence indicates that HDACs play an important role in the pathophysiological development of AKI by regulation of apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, cell survival, autophagy, ATP production, and mitochondrial biogenesis (MB). In this review, we summarize and discuss the role and mechanism of HDACs in the pathogenesis of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jin C, Xue W, Liu Q, Han J, Luo R, Feng J, Liu J, Guo T, Peng X, Hu T. LKB1/AMPKα signaling pathway and mitochondrial fission/fusion dynamics regulate apoptosis induced by 3-chlorpropane-1,2-diol in HEK293 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112350. [PMID: 34139305 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics are considered play pivotal roles in the maintenance of mitochondrial function and cell viability. During the widely distributed food contaminant 3-chlorpropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) induced nephrotoxicity, mitochondrial morphology and function were impaired, but the specific mechanism responsible for the process has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, using an in vitro human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell culture model, the role of LKB1/AMPK pathway and mitochondrial fission and fusion dynamics in 3-MCPD-induced cell apoptosis was investigated by using the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin and mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1), respectively. The results revealed that 3-MCPD significantly decreased the ATP levels, activated the energy-sensing regulator AMPKα and its upstream protein kinase LKB1, disrupted mitochondrial dynamics equilibrium characterized by promoting division and inhibiting fusion, thus inducing cell apoptosis. Notably, suppression of AMPK by dorsomorphin mitigated 3-MCPD-induced cytotoxicity through improvement of the function and dynamics of mitochondria and alleviated apoptosis via the mitochondria-dependent pathway. Moreover, inhibition of mitochondrial fission by Mdivi-1 protected against apoptosis induced by 3-MCPD. Taken together, these results suggest that 3-MCPD triggers apoptosis through activation of LKB1/AMPKα signaling pathway and regulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion dynamics in HEK293 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengni Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wei Xue
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiahui Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ruilin Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiayu Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tianmin Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoli Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Tianming Hu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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129
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Melatonin Alleviates Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Activation of Sirt3. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6668887. [PMID: 34122726 PMCID: PMC8169261 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6668887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and apoptosis play a vital role in the pathogenesis of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). The purpose of our study was to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of melatonin against CI-AKI in a CI-AKI mouse model and NRK-52E cells. We established the CI-AKI model in mice, and the animals were pretreated with melatonin (20 mg/kg). Our results demonstrated that melatonin treatment exerted a renoprotective effect by decreasing the level of serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lessening the histological changes of renal tubular injuries, and reducing the expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipid (NGAL), a marker of kidney injury. We also found that pretreatment with melatonin remarkably increased the expression of Sirt3 and decreased the ac-SOD2 K68 level. Consequently, melatonin treatment significantly decreased the oxidative stress by reducing the Nox4, ROS, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and by increasing the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity levels. The antiapoptotic effect of melatonin on CI-AKI was revealed by decreasing the ratio of Bax/Bcl2 and the cleaved caspase3 level and by reducing the number of apoptosis-positive tubular cells. In addition, melatonin treatment remarkably reduced the inflammatory cytokines of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) in vivo and in vitro. Sirt3 deletion and specific Sirt3 siRNA abolished the above renoprotective effects of melatonin in mice with iohexol-induced acute kidney injury and in NRK-52E cells. Thus, our results demonstrated that melatonin exhibited the renoprotective effects of antioxidative stress, antiapoptosis, and anti-inflammation by the activation of Sirt3 in the CI-AKI model in vivo and in vitro. Melatonin may be a potential drug to ameliorate CI-AKI in clinical practice.
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Srivastava SP, Li J, Takagaki Y, Kitada M, Goodwin JE, Kanasaki K, Koya D. Endothelial SIRT3 regulates myofibroblast metabolic shifts in diabetic kidneys. iScience 2021; 24:102390. [PMID: 33981977 PMCID: PMC8086030 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in endothelial cells cause deterioration in kidney function and structure. Here, we found that endothelial SIRT3 regulates metabolic reprogramming and fibrogenesis in the kidneys of diabetic mice. By analyzing, gain of function of the SIRT3 gene by overexpression in a fibrotic mouse strain conferred disease resistance against diabetic kidney fibrosis, whereas its loss of function in endothelial cells exacerbated the levels of diabetic kidney fibrosis. Regulation of endothelial cell SIRT3 on fibrogenic processes was due to tight control over the defective central metabolism and linked activation of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). SIRT3 deficiency in endothelial cells stimulated the TGFβ/Smad3-dependent mesenchymal transformations in renal tubular epithelial cells. These data demonstrate that SIRT3 regulates defective metabolism and EndMT-mediated activation of the fibrogenic pathways in the diabetic kidneys. Together, our findings show that endothelial SIRT3 is a fundamental regulator of defective metabolism regulating health and disease processes in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swayam Prakash Srivastava
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics (Nephrology) Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jinpeng Li
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yuta Takagaki
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Munehiro Kitada
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Department of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Julie E. Goodwin
- Department of Pediatrics (Nephrology) Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Department of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University, Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Department of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
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131
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Noriega LG, Melo Z, Rajaram RD, Mercado A, Tovar AR, Velazquez‐Villegas LA, Castañeda‐Bueno M, Reyes‐López Y, Ryu D, Rojas‐Vega L, Magaña‐Avila G, López‐Barradas AM, Sánchez‐Hernández M, Debonneville A, Doucet A, Cheval L, Torres N, Auwerx J, Staub O, Gamba G. SIRT7 modulates the stability and activity of the renal K-Cl cotransporter KCC4 through deacetylation. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50766. [PMID: 33749979 PMCID: PMC8097349 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT7 is a NAD+ -dependent deacetylase that controls important aspects of metabolism, cancer, and bone formation. However, the molecular targets and functions of SIRT7 in the kidney are currently unknown. In silico analysis of kidney transcripts of the BXD murine genetic reference population revealed a positive correlation between Sirt7 and Slc12a7 mRNA expression, suggesting a link between the corresponding proteins that these transcripts encode, SIRT7, and the K-Cl cotransporter KCC4, respectively. Here, we find that protein levels and activity of heterologously expressed KCC4 are significantly modulated depending on its acetylation status in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Moreover, SIRT7 interacts with KCC4 in a NAD+ -dependent manner and increases its stability and activity in HEK293 cells. Interestingly, metabolic acidosis increases SIRT7 expression in kidney, as occurs with KCC4. In contrast, total SIRT7-deficient mice present lower KCC4 expression and an exacerbated metabolic acidosis than wild-type mice during an ammonium chloride challenge. Altogether, our data suggest that SIRT7 interacts with, stabilizes and modulates KCC4 activity through deacetylation, and reveals a novel role for SIRT7 in renal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia G Noriega
- Department of Nutrition PhysiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | - Zesergio Melo
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral MetabolismInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
- CONACYT‐Centro de Investigación Biomédica de OccidenteInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialGuadalajaraJaliscoMexico
| | - Renuga D Rajaram
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research, “Kidney.ch”ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Adriana Mercado
- Department of NephrologyInstituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio ChávezMexico CityMexico
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Department of Nutrition PhysiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | - Laura A Velazquez‐Villegas
- Department of Nutrition PhysiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | - María Castañeda‐Bueno
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral MetabolismInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | - Yazmín Reyes‐López
- Department of Nutrition PhysiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology (LISP)École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Present address:
Department of Molecular Cell BiologySungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonKorea
| | - Lorena Rojas‐Vega
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral MetabolismInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | - German Magaña‐Avila
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral MetabolismInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | - Adriana M López‐Barradas
- Department of Nutrition PhysiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | | | - Anne Debonneville
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research, “Kidney.ch”ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Alain Doucet
- Centre de Recherche des CordeliersINSERM, Sorbonne Universités, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Physiologie Rénale et TubulopathiesCNRS ERL 8228ParisFrance
| | - Lydie Cheval
- Centre de Recherche des CordeliersINSERM, Sorbonne Universités, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Physiologie Rénale et TubulopathiesCNRS ERL 8228ParisFrance
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Department of Nutrition PhysiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology (LISP)École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Olivier Staub
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research, “Kidney.ch”ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral MetabolismInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
- Molecular Physiology UnitInstituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
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Abstract
The kidney is a highly metabolic organ that requires substantial adenosine triphosphate for the active transport required to maintain water and solute reabsorption. Aberrations in energy availability and energy utilization can lead to cellular dysfunction and death. Mitochondria are essential for efficient energy production. The pathogenesis of acute kidney injury is complex and varies with different types of injury. However, multiple distinct acute kidney injury syndromes share a common dysregulation of energy metabolism. Pathways of energy metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction are emerging as critical drivers of acute kidney injury and represent new potential targets for treatment. This review shows the basic metabolic pathways that all cells depend on for life; describes how the kidney optimizes those pathways to meet its anatomic, physiologic, and metabolic needs; summarizes the importance of metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction in acute kidney injury; and analyzes the mitochondrial processes that become dysregulated in acute kidney injury including mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and changes in mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Clark
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Samir M Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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133
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Tang C, Cai J, Yin XM, Weinberg JM, Venkatachalam MA, Dong Z. Mitochondrial quality control in kidney injury and repair. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:299-318. [PMID: 33235391 PMCID: PMC8958893 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-00369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for the activity, function and viability of eukaryotic cells and mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease, as well as in abnormal kidney repair after AKI. Multiple quality control mechanisms, including antioxidant defence, protein quality control, mitochondrial DNA repair, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, have evolved to preserve mitochondrial homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. Loss of these mechanisms may induce mitochondrial damage and dysfunction, leading to cell death, tissue injury and, potentially, organ failure. Accumulating evidence suggests a role of disturbances in mitochondrial quality control in the pathogenesis of AKI, incomplete or maladaptive kidney repair and chronic kidney disease. Moreover, specific interventions that target mitochondrial quality control mechanisms to preserve and restore mitochondrial function have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat kidney injury and accelerate kidney repair. However, clinical translation of these findings is challenging owing to potential adverse effects, unclear mechanisms of action and a lack of knowledge of the specific roles and regulation of mitochondrial quality control mechanisms in kidney resident and circulating cell types during injury and repair of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joel M. Weinberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Manjeri A. Venkatachalam
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.,
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134
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Kidney physiology and susceptibility to acute kidney injury: implications for renoprotection. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:335-349. [PMID: 33547418 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Kidney damage varies according to the primary insult. Different aetiologies of acute kidney injury (AKI), including kidney ischaemia, exposure to nephrotoxins, dehydration or sepsis, are associated with characteristic patterns of damage and changes in gene expression, which can provide insight into the mechanisms that lead to persistent structural and functional damage. Early morphological alterations are driven by a delicate balance between energy demand and oxygen supply, which varies considerably in different regions of the kidney. The functional heterogeneity of the various nephron segments is reflected in their use of different metabolic pathways. AKI is often linked to defects in kidney oxygen supply, and some nephron segments might not be able to shift to anaerobic metabolism under low oxygen conditions or might have remarkably low basal oxygen levels, which enhances their vulnerability to damage. Here, we discuss why specific kidney regions are at particular risk of injury and how this information might help to delineate novel routes for mitigating injury and avoiding permanent damage. We suggest that the physiological heterogeneity of the kidney should be taken into account when exploring novel renoprotective strategies, such as improvement of kidney tissue oxygenation, stimulation of hypoxia signalling pathways and modulation of cellular energy metabolism.
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135
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Kobroob A, Peerapanyasut W, Kumfu S, Chattipakorn N, Wongmekiat O. Effectiveness of N-Acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Renal Deterioration Caused by Long-Term Exposure to Bisphenol A. Biomolecules 2021; 11:655. [PMID: 33946939 PMCID: PMC8145636 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human health hazards caused by bisphenol A (BPA), a precursor for epoxy resins and polycarbonate-based plastics, are well documented and are closely associated with mitochondrial impairment and oxidative imbalance. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on renal deterioration caused by long-term BPA exposure and examine the signaling transduction pathway involved. Male Wistar rats were given vehicle or BPA orally for 12 weeks then the BPA-treated group was subdivided to receive vehicle or NAC concurrently with BPA for a further 4 weeks, while the vehicle-treated normal control group continued to receive vehicle through to the end of experiment. Proteinuria, azotemia, glomerular filtration reduction and histopathological abnormalities caused by chronic BPA exposure were significantly reduced following NAC therapy. NAC also diminished nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation but enhanced renal glutathione levels, and counteracted BPA-induced mitochondrial swelling, increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. The benefit of NAC was related to the modulation of signaling proteins in the AMPK-SIRT3-SOD2 axis. The present study shows the potential of NAC to restore mitochondrial integrity and oxidative balance after long-term BPA exposure, and suggests that NAC therapy is an effective approach to tackle renal deterioration in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anongporn Kobroob
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand;
| | - Wachirasek Peerapanyasut
- Renal Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Sirinart Kumfu
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (N.C.)
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (N.C.)
| | - Orawan Wongmekiat
- Renal Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
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136
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Franzin R, Stasi A, Ranieri E, Netti GS, Cantaluppi V, Gesualdo L, Stallone G, Castellano G. Targeting Premature Renal Aging: from Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Senescence to Senolytic Trials. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:630419. [PMID: 33995028 PMCID: PMC8117359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.630419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological process of renal aging is characterized by progressive structural and functional deterioration of the kidney leading to end-stage renal disease, requiring renal replacement therapy. Since the discovery of pivotal mechanisms of senescence such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis inhibition, and the development of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), efforts in the understanding of how senescent cells participate in renal physiological and pathological aging have grown exponentially. This has been encouraged by both preclinical studies in animal models with senescent cell clearance or genetic depletion as well as due to evidence coming from the clinical oncologic experience. This review considers the molecular mechanism and pathways that trigger premature renal aging from mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic modifications to autophagy, DNA damage repair (DDR), and the involvement of extracellular vesicles. We also discuss the different pharmaceutical approaches to selectively target senescent cells (namely, senolytics) or the development of systemic SASP (called senomorphics) in basic models of CKD and clinical trials. Finally, an overview will be provided on the potential opportunities for their use in renal transplantation during ex vivo machine perfusion to improve the quality of the graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Franzin
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stasi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Ranieri
- Clinical Pathology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Stefano Netti
- Clinical Pathology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine and Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
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137
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Huang H, Li P, Ye X, Zhang F, Lin Q, Wu K, Chen W. Isoalantolactone Increases the Sensitivity of Prostate Cancer Cells to Cisplatin Treatment by Inducing Oxidative Stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:632779. [PMID: 33959604 PMCID: PMC8093765 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.632779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among men worldwide. Platinum (II)-based chemotherapy has been used to treat a number of malignancies including prostate cancer. However, the potential of cisplatin for treating prostate cancer is restricted owing to its limited efficacy and toxic side effects. Combination therapies have been proposed to increase the efficacy and reduce the toxic side effects. In the present study, we investigated how isoalantolactone (IATL), a sesquiterpene lactone extracted from the medicinal plant Inula helenium L., acts synergistically with cisplatin on human prostate cancer cells. We show that IATL significantly increased cisplatin-induced growth suppression and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Mechanistically, the combined treatment resulted in an excessive accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads to the activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the JNK signaling pathway in human prostate cancer cells. Pretreatment of cells with the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly abrogated the combined treatment-induced ROS accumulation and cell apoptosis. In addition, the activation of ER stress and the JNK signaling pathway prompted by IATL and cisplatin was also reversed by NAC pretreatment. In vivo, we found that IATL combined with cisplatin showed the strongest antitumor effects compared with single agents. These results support the notion that IATL and cisplatin combinational treatment may be more effective for treating prostate cancer than cisplatin alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xueting Ye
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fangyi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qi Lin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Keming Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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138
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Ammendolia DA, Bement WM, Brumell JH. Plasma membrane integrity: implications for health and disease. BMC Biol 2021; 19:71. [PMID: 33849525 PMCID: PMC8042475 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane integrity is essential for cellular homeostasis. In vivo, cells experience plasma membrane damage from a multitude of stressors in the extra- and intra-cellular environment. To avoid lethal consequences, cells are equipped with repair pathways to restore membrane integrity. Here, we assess plasma membrane damage and repair from a whole-body perspective. We highlight the role of tissue-specific stressors in health and disease and examine membrane repair pathways across diverse cell types. Furthermore, we outline the impact of genetic and environmental factors on plasma membrane integrity and how these contribute to disease pathogenesis in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin A Ammendolia
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street PGCRL, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - William M Bement
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging and Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - John H Brumell
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street PGCRL, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada. .,SickKids IBD Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
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139
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Naia L, Carmo C, Campesan S, Fão L, Cotton VE, Valero J, Lopes C, Rosenstock TR, Giorgini F, Rego AC. Mitochondrial SIRT3 confers neuroprotection in Huntington's disease by regulation of oxidative challenges and mitochondrial dynamics. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:163-179. [PMID: 33285261 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIRT3 is a major regulator of mitochondrial acetylome. Here we show that SIRT3 is neuroprotective in Huntington's disease (HD), a motor neurodegenerative disorder caused by an abnormal expansion of polyglutamines in the huntingtin protein (HTT). Protein and enzymatic analysis revealed that increased SIRT3 is a signature in several HD models, including human HD brain, which is regulated by oxidative species. While loss of SIRT3 further aggravated the oxidative phenotype, antioxidant treatment regularized SIRT3 levels. SIRT3 overexpression promoted the antioxidant effect in cells expressing mutant HTT, leading to enhanced mitochondrial function and balanced dynamics. Decreased Fis1 and Drp1 accumulation in mitochondria induced by SIRT3 expression favored mitochondrial elongation, while the SIRT3 activator ε-viniferin improved anterograde mitochondrial neurite transport, sustaining cell survival. Notably, SIRT3 fly-ortholog dSirt2 overexpression in HD flies ameliorated neurodegeneration and extended lifespan. These findings provide a link between oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction hypotheses in HD and offer an opportunity for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Naia
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Current Address: Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catarina Carmo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susanna Campesan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Lígia Fão
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Victoria E Cotton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Valero
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Lopes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tatiana R Rosenstock
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flaviano Giorgini
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - A Cristina Rego
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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140
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Lin Q, Zuo W, Liu Y, Wu K, Liu Q. NAD + and cardiovascular diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 515:104-110. [PMID: 33485900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) plays pivotal roles in controlling many biochemical processes. 'NAD' refers to the chemical backbone irrespective of charge, whereas 'NAD+' and 'NADH' refers to oxidized and reduced forms, respectively. NAD+/NADH ratio is essential for maintaining cellular reduction-oxidation (redox) homeostasis and for modulating energy metabolism. As a sensing or consuming enzyme of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), the cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) synthases (CD38 and CD157), and sirtuin protein deacetylases (sirtuins, SIRTs), NAD+ participates in several key processes in cardiovascular disease. For example, NAD+ protects against metabolic syndrome, heart failure, ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, arrhythmia and hypertension. Accordingly, the subsequent loss of NAD+ in aging or during stress results in altered metabolic status and potentially increased disease susceptibility. Therefore, it is essential to maintain NAD+ or reduce loss in the heart. This review focuses on the involvement of NAD+ in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and explores the effects of NAD+ boosting strategies in cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuzhen Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, PR China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, PR China; Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, PR China; Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Wanyun Zuo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, PR China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, PR China; Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, PR China; Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Yaozhong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, PR China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, PR China; Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, PR China; Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Keke Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, PR China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, PR China; Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, PR China; Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, PR China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, PR China; Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, PR China; Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha Hunan 410011, PR China.
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141
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Mitochondrial Sirtuins and Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:179-191. [PMID: 33438065 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-020-09626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is the most effective and extensively used treatment for many tumors. However, its clinical use is hampered by its cardiotoxicity. DOX-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, which causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cardiomyocyte death, bioenergetic failure, and decreased cardiac function, is a very important mechanism of cardiotoxicity. These cellular processes are all linked by mitochondrial sirtuins (SIRT3-SIRT4). Mitochondrial sirtuins preserve mitochondrial function by increasing mitochondrial metabolism, inhibiting ROS generation by activating the antioxidant enzyme manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), decreasing apoptosis by activating the forkhead homeobox type O (FOXO) and P53 pathways, and increasing autophagy through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR signaling. Thus, sirtuins function at the control point of many mechanisms involved in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. In this review, we focus on the role of mitochondrial sirtuins in mitochondrial biology and DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. A further aim is to highlight other mitochondrial processes, such as autophagy (mitophagy) and mitochondrial quality control (MQC), for which the effect of mitochondrial sirtuins on cardiotoxicity is unknown.
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142
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Mitochondria and Neurodegenerative Diseases. SYSTEMS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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143
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Abstract
Complex multicellular life in mammals relies on functional cooperation of different organs for the survival of the whole organism. The kidneys play a critical part in this process through the maintenance of fluid volume and composition homeostasis, which enables other organs to fulfil their tasks. The renal endothelium exhibits phenotypic and molecular traits that distinguish it from endothelia of other organs. Moreover, the adult kidney vasculature comprises diverse populations of mostly quiescent, but not metabolically inactive, endothelial cells (ECs) that reside within the kidney glomeruli, cortex and medulla. Each of these populations supports specific functions, for example, in the filtration of blood plasma, the reabsorption and secretion of water and solutes, and the concentration of urine. Transcriptional profiling of these diverse EC populations suggests they have adapted to local microenvironmental conditions (hypoxia, shear stress, hyperosmolarity), enabling them to support kidney functions. Exposure of ECs to microenvironment-derived angiogenic factors affects their metabolism, and sustains kidney development and homeostasis, whereas EC-derived angiocrine factors preserve distinct microenvironment niches. In the context of kidney disease, renal ECs show alteration in their metabolism and phenotype in response to pathological changes in the local microenvironment, further promoting kidney dysfunction. Understanding the diversity and specialization of kidney ECs could provide new avenues for the treatment of kidney diseases and kidney regeneration.
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144
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Sirtuins play critical and diverse roles in acute kidney injury. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:3539-3546. [PMID: 33411071 PMCID: PMC7788193 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an extremely common medical affliction affecting both adult and pediatric patients resulting from hypoxic, nephrotoxic, and septic insults affecting approximately 20% of all hospital patients and up to 50% of patients in the intensive care unit. There are currently no therapeutics for patients who suffer AKI. Much recent work has focused on designing and implementing therapeutics for AKI. This review focuses on a family of enzymes known as sirtuins that play critical roles in regulating many cellular and biological functions. There are 7 mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1-7) that play roles in regulating the acylation of a wide variety of pathways. Furthermore, all but one of the mammalian sirtuins have been shown to play critical roles in mediating AKI based on preclinical studies. These diverse enzymes show exciting potential for therapeutic manipulation. This review will focus on the specific roles of each of the investigated sirtuins and the potential for manipulation of the various sirtuins and their effector pathways in mediating kidney injury.
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145
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Wang Y, Liu Z, Shu S, Cai J, Tang C, Dong Z. AMPK/mTOR Signaling in Autophagy Regulation During Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Front Physiol 2020; 11:619730. [PMID: 33391038 PMCID: PMC7773913 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.619730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved, multistep pathway that degrades and recycles dysfunctional organelles and macromolecules to maintain cellular homeostasis. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and adenosine-monophosphate activated-protein kinase (AMPK) are major negative and positive regulators of autophagy, respectively. In cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) or nephrotoxicity, autophagy is rapidly induced in renal tubular epithelial cells and acts as a cytoprotective mechanism for cell survival. Both mTOR and AMPK have been implicated in the regulation of autophagy in cisplatin-induced AKI. Targeting mTOR and/or AMPK may offer effective strategies for kidney protection during cisplatin-mediated chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaoqun Shu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affair Medical Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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146
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Srivastava SP, Kanasaki K, Goodwin JE. Loss of Mitochondrial Control Impacts Renal Health. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:543973. [PMID: 33362536 PMCID: PMC7756079 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.543973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of mitochondrial biosynthesis or dynamics, or loss of control over mitochondrial regulation leads to a significant alteration in fuel preference and metabolic shifts that potentially affect the health of kidney cells. Mitochondria regulate metabolic networks which affect multiple cellular processes. Indeed, mitochondria have established themselves as therapeutic targets in several diseases. The importance of mitochondria in regulating the pathogenesis of several diseases has been recognized, however, there is limited understanding of mitochondrial biology in the kidney. This review provides an overview of mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney diseases. We describe the importance of mitochondria and mitochondrial sirtuins in the regulation of renal metabolic shifts in diverse cells types, and review this loss of control leads to increased cell-to-cell transdifferentiation processes and myofibroblast-metabolic shifts, which affect the pathophysiology of several kidney diseases. In addition, we examine mitochondrial-targeted therapeutic agents that offer potential leads in combating kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swayam Prakash Srivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Julie E. Goodwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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147
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Clark AJ, Parikh SM. Targeting energy pathways in kidney disease: the roles of sirtuins, AMPK, and PGC1α. Kidney Int 2020; 99:828-840. [PMID: 33307105 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The kidney has extraordinary metabolic demands to sustain the active transport of solutes that is critical to renal filtration and clearance. Mitochondrial health is vital to meet those demands and maintain renal fitness. Decades of studies have linked poor mitochondrial health to kidney disease. Key regulators of mitochondrial health-adenosine monophosphate kinase, sirtuins, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α-have all been shown to play significant roles in renal resilience against disease. This review will summarize the latest research into the activities of those regulators and evaluate the roles and therapeutic potential of targeting those regulators in acute kidney injury, glomerular kidney disease, and renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Clark
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samir M Parikh
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Nephrology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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148
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Li Z, Li J, Miao X, Cui W, Miao L, Cai L. A minireview: Role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in obesity-related renal injury. Life Sci 2020; 265:118828. [PMID: 33253722 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a critical energy-sensing switch, plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of obesity-related renal injury. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of AMPK activation against obesity-related renal injury in preclinical studies, with the main purposes of increasing the understanding of AMPK and providing new insights into the future clinical therapeutic strategies. The renoprotective effects of AMPK mainly act by modulating lipid metabolism and autophagy and suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. More importantly, we discussed the recent advances in this field that require further investigation. Firstly, the inhibitory effect of AMPK on ferroptosis is a potential mechanism for its protection against renal injury. Secondly, the effect of AMPK on lipolysis is complex: AMPK induces basal lipolysis but also inhibits stimulated lipolysis. Thirdly, statins may play a renoprotective role by activating AMPK. Fourthly, some microRNAs targeting AMPK mRNA have been implicated in diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes. Further, AMPK can regulate the expression of some microRNAs, suggesting that the stable renoprotective effects of AMPK may benefit from its epigenetic regulation. Lastly, several natural compounds and synthetic drugs have been recognized to protect against obesity-related renal injury by activating AMPK and its downstream pathways in animal models. It remains to be seen if combination of newly identified drugs with traditional renoprotective medicine will have any synergistic therapeutic benefits without adding to side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiao Miao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Wenpeng Cui
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville 40202, USA
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149
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Critical Role for AMPK in Metabolic Disease-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217994. [PMID: 33121167 PMCID: PMC7663488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent in 9.1% of the global population and is a significant public health problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality. CKD is associated with highly prevalent physiological and metabolic disturbances such as hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and aging, which are also risk factors for CKD pathogenesis and progression. Podocytes and proximal tubular cells of the kidney strongly express AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK plays essential roles in glucose and lipid metabolism, cell survival, growth, and inflammation. Thus, metabolic disease-induced renal diseases like obesity-related and diabetic chronic kidney disease demonstrate dysregulated AMPK in the kidney. Activating AMPK ameliorates the pathological and phenotypical features of both diseases. As a metabolic sensor, AMPK regulates active tubular transport and helps renal cells to survive low energy states. AMPK also exerts a key role in mitochondrial homeostasis and is known to regulate autophagy in mammalian cells. While the nutrient-sensing role of AMPK is critical in determining the fate of renal cells, the role of AMPK in kidney autophagy and mitochondrial quality control leading to pathology in metabolic disease-related CKD is not very clear and needs further investigation. This review highlights the crucial role of AMPK in renal cell dysfunction associated with metabolic diseases and aims to expand therapeutic strategies by understanding the molecular and cellular processes underlying CKD.
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150
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Xie N, Zhang L, Gao W, Huang C, Huber PE, Zhou X, Li C, Shen G, Zou B. NAD + metabolism: pathophysiologic mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:227. [PMID: 33028824 PMCID: PMC7539288 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and its metabolites function as critical regulators to maintain physiologic processes, enabling the plastic cells to adapt to environmental changes including nutrient perturbation, genotoxic factors, circadian disorder, infection, inflammation and xenobiotics. These effects are mainly achieved by the driving effect of NAD+ on metabolic pathways as enzyme cofactors transferring hydrogen in oxidation-reduction reactions. Besides, multiple NAD+-dependent enzymes are involved in physiology either by post-synthesis chemical modification of DNA, RNA and proteins, or releasing second messenger cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and NAADP+. Prolonged disequilibrium of NAD+ metabolism disturbs the physiological functions, resulting in diseases including metabolic diseases, cancer, aging and neurodegeneration disorder. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of NAD+-regulated physiological responses to stresses, the contribution of NAD+ deficiency to various diseases via manipulating cellular communication networks and the potential new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Peter Ernst Huber
- CCU Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center; Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Changlong Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Guobo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bingwen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- CCU Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center; Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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