101
|
Mogi M, Kondo A. THE PRESENCE OF TRAIL–OPG COMPLEX IN HUMAN OSTEOSARCOMA AND HUMAN SALIVARY GLAND ADENOCARCINOMA. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2011; 32:70-8. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2010.538110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
102
|
Belibasakis GN, Emingil G, Saygan B, Turkoglu O, Atilla G, Bostanci N. Gene expression of transcription factor NFATc1 in periodontal diseases. APMIS 2010; 119:167-72. [PMID: 21284733 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a disease of infectious aetiology that causes inflammatory destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. Activated T cells are central to the pathogenesis of the disease, by producing receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) that stimulates bone resorption. Antigenic activation of T cells is regulated by the induction of transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). There is as yet no information on the potential involvement of NFATc1 in periodontal diseases. This study aimed to investigate NFATc1 gene expression levels in periodontal diseases, and analyse the potential correlation with RANKL expression and clinical periodontal parameters. In this cross-sectional study, gingival tissue biopsies were obtained from healthy (n = 10) and periodontally diseased (n = 58) sites. NFATc1 and RANKL gene expression levels in these samples were analysed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Compared with healthy subjects, patients with gingivitis, chronic and aggressive periodontitis, exhibited higher NFATc1 expression, which proved to be statistically significant in the periodontitis groups. NFATc1 and RANKL expression levels strongly correlated with each other, and with clinical periodontal parameters. The increased expression of NFATc1 in periodontitis denotes a role for this transcription factor in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios N Belibasakis
- Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
103
|
Özçaka Ö, Nalbantsoy A, Köse T, Buduneli N. Plasma osteoprotegerin levels are decreased in smoker chronic periodontitis patients. Aust Dent J 2010; 55:405-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
104
|
Kajiya M, Giro G, Taubman MA, Han X, Mayer MPA, Kawai T. Role of periodontal pathogenic bacteria in RANKL-mediated bone destruction in periodontal disease. J Oral Microbiol 2010; 2. [PMID: 21523224 PMCID: PMC3084575 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v2i0.5532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated lines of evidence suggest that hyperimmune responses to periodontal bacteria result in the destruction of periodontal connective tissue and alveolar bone. The etiological roles of periodontal bacteria in the onset and progression of periodontal disease (PD) are well documented. However, the mechanism underlying the engagement of periodontal bacteria in RANKL-mediated alveolar bone resorption remains unclear. Therefore, this review article addresses three critical subjects. First, we discuss earlier studies of immune intervention, ultimately leading to the identification of bacteria-reactive lymphocytes as the cellular source of osteoclast-induction factor lymphokine (now called RANKL) in the context of periodontal bone resorption. Next, we consider (1) the effects of periodontal bacteria on RANKL production from a variety of adaptive immune effector cells, as well as fibroblasts, in inflamed periodontal tissue and (2) the bifunctional roles (upregulation vs. downregulation) of LPS produced from periodontal bacteria in a RANKL-induced osteoclast-signal pathway. Future studies in these two areas could lead to new therapeutic approaches for the management of PD by down-modulating RANKL production and/or RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis in the context of host immune responses against periodontal pathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Immunology, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
105
|
Santos VR, Lima JA, Gonçalves TED, Bastos MF, Figueiredo LC, Shibli JA, Duarte PM. Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Ligand/Osteoprotegerin Ratio in Sites of Chronic Periodontitis of Subjects With Poorly and Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes. J Periodontol 2010; 81:1455-65. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
106
|
Jabbar S, Drury J, Fordham J, Datta HK, Francis RM, Tuck SP. Plasma vitamin D and cytokines in periodontal disease and postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Periodontal Res 2010; 46:97-104. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
107
|
Qian Y, Huang HZ. The role of RANKL and MMP-9 in the bone resorption caused by ameloblastoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 39:592-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00882.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
108
|
Liu YCG, Lerner UH, Teng YTA. Cytokine responses against periodontal infection: protective and destructive roles. Periodontol 2000 2010; 52:163-206. [PMID: 20017801 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2009.00321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
109
|
Abstract
A sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the mouse RANKL-OPG complex was developed by utilizing a polyclonal antibody that recognizes mouse soluble RANKL as an immobilized capture component and mouse OPG IgG labeled with peroxidase. We could quantify the RANKL-OPG complex level (detection limit: 1 pmol/L). Employing this assay system, we demonstrated that the RANKL-OPG complex was constitutively present in the serum of OPG+/- mice, but not in that of OPG-/- or wild-type C57BL/6 J mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makio Mogi
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
110
|
Kobayashi-Sakamoto M, Isogai E, Holen I. Osteoprotegerin induces cytoskeletal reorganization and activates FAK, Src, and ERK signaling in endothelial cells. Eur J Haematol 2010; 85:26-35. [PMID: 20331738 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2010.01446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor family member that is expressed by a range of cell types in bone as well as in the vasculature. However, the specific role of OPG in the vascular system is unclear. We recently reported that OPG treatment protects endothelial cells from detachment and apoptotic cell death induced by cysteine proteases of Porphyromonas gingivalis, an important pathogen of adult periodontitis. We also found that OPG activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, which has been linked to cell survival and angiogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that exposure to OPG induces a substantial morphological change in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Our results show that OPG induced a dose-dependent increase in the length of microtubules, which coincided with the transition of the cells from a polygonal to an elongated shape. Furthermore, we demonstrated that OPG activates signaling pathways that lead to the activation of Src, focal adhesion kinase, and ERK1/2. These findings suggest that OPG regulates at least two distinct pathways: one that induces cell proliferation via ERK signaling and another that induces angiogenesis via Src signaling. The findings of this study suggest that OPG may function as a regulator of angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Kobayashi-Sakamoto
- Division of Disease Control & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Oral Growth & Development, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
111
|
Ohnishi T, Okamoto A, Kakimoto K, Bandow K, Chiba N, Matsuguchi T. Involvement of Cot/Tp12 in Bone Loss during Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2010; 89:192-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034509353405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis causes resorption of alveolar bone, in which RANKL induces osteoclastogenesis. The binding of lipopolysaccharide to Toll-like receptors causes phosphorylation of Cot/Tp12 to activate the MAPK cascade. Previous in vitro studies showed that Cot/Tp12 was essential for the induction of RANKL expression by lipopolysaccharide. In this study, we examined whether Cot/Tp12 deficiency reduced the progression of alveolar bone loss and osteoclastogenesis during experimental periodontitis. We found that the extent of alveolar bone loss and osteoclastogenesis induced by ligature-induced periodontitis was decreased in Cot/Tp12-deficient mice. In addition, reduction of RANKL expression was observed in periodontal tissues of Cot/Tp12-deficient mice with experimental periodontitis. Furthermore, we found that Cot/Tp12 was involved in the induction of TNF-α mRNA expression in gingiva of mice with experimental periodontitis. Our observations suggested that Cot/Tp12 is essential for the progression of alveolar bone loss and osteoclastogenesis in periodontal tissue during experimental periodontitis mediated through increased RANKL expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. Ohnishi
- Division of Oral Biochemistry and
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Medicine, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8 -35 -1 Sakuragaoka, 890–8544, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - A. Okamoto
- Division of Oral Biochemistry and
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Medicine, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8 -35 -1 Sakuragaoka, 890–8544, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - K. Kakimoto
- Division of Oral Biochemistry and
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Medicine, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8 -35 -1 Sakuragaoka, 890–8544, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - K. Bandow
- Division of Oral Biochemistry and
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Medicine, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8 -35 -1 Sakuragaoka, 890–8544, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - N. Chiba
- Division of Oral Biochemistry and
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Medicine, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8 -35 -1 Sakuragaoka, 890–8544, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - T. Matsuguchi
- Division of Oral Biochemistry and
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Medicine, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8 -35 -1 Sakuragaoka, 890–8544, Kagoshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Kotake S, Nanke Y, Yago T, Kawamoto M, Yamanaka H. Human osteoclastogenic T cells and human osteoclastology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 60:3158-63. [PMID: 19877050 DOI: 10.1002/art.24886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
113
|
Dereka XE, Markopoulou CE, Fanourakis G, Tseleni-Balafouta S, Vrotsos IA. RANKL and OPG mRNA Level after Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment. Inflammation 2009; 33:200-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-009-9174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
114
|
Buduneli N, Buduneli E, Kütükçüler N. Interleukin-17, RANKL, and osteoprotegerin levels in gingival crevicular fluid from smoking and non-smoking patients with chronic periodontitis during initial periodontal treatment. J Periodontol 2009; 80:1274-80. [PMID: 19656027 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to evaluate the effects of initial periodontal treatment on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin (IL)-17, soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (sRANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in smoking and non-smoking patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS At baseline, GCF samples were obtained from 10 smoking and 10 non-smoking systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis. Initial periodontal treatment, consisting of motivation and instruction for daily plaque control and scaling and root planing (SRP), was performed. GCF sampling and clinical periodontal measurements were repeated 4 weeks after completion of SRP. The data were tested statistically by the Student t and Wilcoxon matched-pairs test and Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS All clinical periodontal measurements had decreased significantly 4 weeks after SRP (P <0.001). GCF volume and the total amount and concentration of OPG decreased in smokers and non-smokers after SRP, whereas the IL-17 concentration increased (P <0.05). sRANKL levels did not differ between groups or with SRP (P >0.05). Significant correlations were found between baseline IL-17 and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) levels and between baseline papilla bleeding index and OPG levels (P <0.001 and P <0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Neither smoking nor periodontal inflammation seemed to influence GCF RANKL levels in systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis. Smoking and non-smoking patients with chronic periodontitis were not affected differently by the initial periodontal treatment with regard to GCF IL-17 and OPG concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
115
|
Shimizu H, Nakagami H, Morita S, Tsukamoto I, Osako MK, Nakagami F, Shimosato T, Minobe N, Morishita R. New treatment of periodontal diseases by using NF-kappaB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides via prevention of bone resorption and promotion of wound healing. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:2065-75. [PMID: 19186992 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2008.2355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) is involved in osteoclast differentiation and activation. Thus, the blockade of the NF-kappaB pathway might be a novel therapeutic strategy for treating bone metabolic diseases. Periodontitis is subgingival inflammation caused by bacterial infection; this disease also is thought to be a chronic focal point responsible for systemic diseases. In this study, NF-kappaB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) were topically applied for experimental periodontitis in a debris-accumulation model and wound healing in a bone-defect model of beagle dogs to investigate the effect of decoy ODN on bone metabolism. Application of NF-kappaB decoy ODN significantly reduced interleukin-6 activity in crevicular fluid and improved alveolar bone loss in the analysis of dental radiographs and DEXA. Direct measurement of exposed root that lost alveolar bone support revealed that NF-kappaB decoy treatment dramatically protected bone from loss. In a bone-defect model, NF-kappaB decoy ODN promoted the healing process as compared with control scrambled decoy in micro-CT analysis. Overall, inhibition of NF-kappaB by decoy strategy prevented the progression of bone loss in periodontitis and promoted the wound healing in bone defects through the inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption. Targeting of NF-kappaB might be a potential therapy in various bone metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Shimizu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
116
|
Tang TH, Fitzsimmons TR, Bartold PM. Effect of smoking on concentrations of receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B ligand and osteoprotegerin in human gingival crevicular fluid. J Clin Periodontol 2009; 36:713-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2009.01444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
117
|
Nozaki K, Kaku M, Yamashita Y, Yamauchi M, Miura H. Effect of cyclic mechanical loading on osteoclast recruitment in periodontal tissue. J Periodontal Res 2009; 45:8-15. [PMID: 19602121 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE It is well accepted that cyclic mechanical loading induces osteoclastogenesis in periodontal tissue, but its molecular mechanisms are not well understood, in part because of a lack of appropriate models. In this study, we investigated a novel device that allows cyclic mechanical loading to be performed in a well-controlled manner. Furthermore, by employing this model, the effect of cyclic loading on osteoclast recruitment in the periodontal tissue was described. MATERIAL AND METHODS By using a newly developed device, the cyclic loading of 20 n (reference loading corresponding to the fracture hardness of dietary pellets) and two excessive loadings (i.e. 30 and 40 n) were applied to maxillary right molars in rats for up to 7 d, and osteoclast recruitment in the periodontal tissue was evaluated by analyzing relevant marker proteins using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Osteoclastogenesis was induced by day 3 within alveolar bone subjected to a compression force of 30 n. With both 30 and 40 n loadings, cells that were positive to for tartrate-resistant acid phosphate, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand and osteoprotegerin were significantly increased in the alveolar bone/periodontal ligament in a time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION A new device was developed that allows various levels of cyclic mechanical loading to be exerted. By using this device in rats, early events of osteoclast recruitment in the periodontal tissues were observed with excessive loadings in a time-dependent manner, indicating the usefulness of this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Nozaki
- Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
118
|
Otogoto J, Mogi M. Drop in Transforming Growth Factor-α and Osteoprotegerin Level in Gingival Crevicular Fluid from Patients with Gingivitis. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2009; 30:305-12. [DOI: 10.1080/15321810903084673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
119
|
Hassumi MY, Silva-Filho VJ, Campos-Júnior JC, Vieira SM, Cunha FQ, Alves PM, Alves JB, Kawai T, Gonçalves RB, Napimoga MH. PPAR-gamma agonist rosiglitazone prevents inflammatory periodontal bone loss by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:1150-8. [PMID: 19508902 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rosiglitazone (RGZ), an oral anti-hyperglycemic agent used for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, is a high-affinity synthetic agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma). Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have also revealed that RGZ possesses anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of RGZ in a rat model of periodontal disease induced by ligature placed around the mandible first molars of each animal. Male Wister rats were divided into four groups: 1) animals without ligature placement receiving administration of empty vehicle (control); 2) animals with ligature receiving administration of empty vehicle; 3) animals with ligature receiving administration with oral RGZ (10 mg/kg/day); and 4) animals with ligature receiving administration of subcutaneous RGZ (10 mg/kg/day). Thirty days after induction of periodontal disease, the animals were sacrificed, and mandibles and gingival tissues were removed for further analysis. An in vitro assay was also employed to test the inhibitory effects of RGZ on osteoclastogenesis. Histomorphological and immunohistochemical analyses of periodontal tissue demonstrated that RGZ-treated animals presented decreased bone resorption, along with reduced RANKL expression, compared to those animals with ligature, but treated with empty vehicle. Corresponding to such results obtained from in vivo experiments, RGZ also suppressed in vitro osteoclast differentiation in the presence of RANKL in MOCP-5 osteoclast precursor cells, along with the down-regulation of the expression of RANKL-induced TRAP mRNA. These data indicated that RGZ may suppress the bone resorption by inhibiting RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis elicited during the course of experimental periodontitis in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Y Hassumi
- Laboratory of Biopathology and Molecular Biology, University of Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
120
|
Down-regulation of mTOR leads to up-regulation of osteoprotegerin in bone marrow cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 384:82-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
121
|
|
122
|
La VD, Tanabe S, Grenier D. Naringenin inhibits human osteoclastogenesis and osteoclastic bone resorption. J Periodontal Res 2009; 44:193-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
123
|
Wada Y, Mizuno M, Tamura M. Enamel matrix derivative neutralized the effect of lipopolysaccharide on osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand expression of osteoblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:306-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Revised: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
124
|
Frodge BD, Ebersole JL, Kryscio RJ, Thomas MV, Miller CS. Bone remodeling biomarkers of periodontal disease in saliva. J Periodontol 2009; 79:1913-9. [PMID: 18834246 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2008.080070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), C-telopeptide pyridinoline cross-links of type I collagen (ICTP), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) have been associated with bone remodeling and periodontal tissue destruction. This study evaluated the level of these biomarkers in saliva with respect to periodontal disease status. METHODS Levels of TNF-alpha in unstimulated whole saliva of 74 adults (35 subjects with moderate to severe periodontal disease and 39 healthy controls) and salivary levels of RANKL and ICTP of a subset of 21 subjects and 21 matched controls were examined using enzyme immunosorbent assays in a case-control clinical study. RESULTS Salivary levels of TNF-alpha were detected in all subjects, whereas levels of ICTP and RANKL were detected in only a minority of subjects. Mean salivary levels of TNF-alpha were significantly higher in individuals with periodontal disease (mean: 4.33 pg/ml) than in controls (mean: 2.03 pg/ml; P = 0.02), with a maximum level (27.96 pg/ml) observed in periodontitis. Subjects with salivary TNF-alpha levels above a threshold of 5.75 pg/ml (i.e., two standard deviations above the mean of the controls) had significantly more sites with bleeding on probing, probing depths >/=4 mm, and attachment loss > or =2 mm (P < or =0.01). CONCLUSION Salivary levels of TNF-alpha were elevated in patients who had clinical indicators of periodontitis, suggesting that this biomarker may serve in a panel of salivary biomarkers that could facilitate the screening, diagnosis, and management of periodontal disease.
Collapse
|
125
|
Toygar HU, Kircelli BH, Bulut S, Sezgin N, Tasdelen B. Osteoprotegerin in Gingival Crevicular Fluid under Long-term Continuous Orthodontic Force Application. Angle Orthod 2008; 78:988-93. [DOI: 10.2319/100507-483.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 01/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the level of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during tooth movement.
Materials and Methods: Twelve patients (13–17 years of age) requiring canine distalization participated in the study. GCF sampling was done at baseline, 1 hour, 24 hours, 168 hours, 1 month, and 3 months from the distal sites of the test and with control teeth after the application of mechanical stress. OPG concentration was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results: OPG concentrations in distal sites of the test teeth were decreased in a time-dependent manner. Decreasing is significant when compared with the baseline measurements (P = .038). Variability was detected in the levels of OPG concentration in the distal sites of the control tooth throughout the experimental period.
Conclusion: OPG is one of the key mediators responsible for alveolar bone remodeling during tooth movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Uslu Toygar
- a Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Beyza Hancioglu Kircelli
- b Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sule Bulut
- c Associate Professor, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurzen Sezgin
- d Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bahar Tasdelen
- e Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics, University of Mersin Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Sakellari D, Menti S, Konstantinidis A. Free soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb ligand in gingival crevicular fluid correlates with distinct pathogens in periodontitis patients. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35:938-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
127
|
Abstract
Inflammation and bone loss are hallmarks of periodontal disease (PD). The question is how the former leads to the latter. Accumulated evidence demonstrates that PD involves bacterially derived factors and antigens that stimulate a local inflammatory reaction and activation of the innate immune system. Proinflammatory molecules and cytokine networks play essential roles in this process. Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha seem to be primary molecules that, in turn, influence cells in the lesion. Antigen-stimulated lymphocytes (B and T cells) also seem to be important. Eventually, a cascade of events leads to osteoclastogenesis and subsequent bone loss via the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK)-RANK ligand (RANKL)-osteoprotegerin (OPG) axis. This axis and its regulation are not unique to PD but rather are critical for pathologic lesions involving chronic inflammation. Multiple lines of evidence in models of PD clearly indicate that increases in RANKL mRNA expression and protein production increase the RANKL/OPG ratio and stimulate the differentiation of macrophage precursor cells into osteoclasts. They also stimulate the maturation and survival of the osteoclast, leading to bone loss. OPG mRNA expression and protein production do not generally seem to be increased in the periodontitis lesion. Studies of RANKL and OPG transgenic and knockout animals provide further support for the involvement of these molecules in the tissue loss observed in PD. Ironically, periodontal practitioners have focused on the bacterial etiology of PD and believed that plaque removal was aimed at eliminating specific bacteria or bacterial complexes. However, it seems that the reduction of inflammation and attenuation of the host's immune reaction to the microbial plaque, eventually leading to a decrease in the ratio of RANKL/OPG and a decrease in associated bone loss, are the actual and desired outcomes of periodontal therapy. Future therapeutic options are likely to have regulation of the RANK-RANKL-OPG axis as their goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David L Cochran
- Department of Periodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7702 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Buduneli N, Bıyıkoğlu B, Sherrabeh S, Lappin DF. Saliva concentrations of RANKL and osteoprotegerin in smokerversusnon-smoker chronic periodontitis patients. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35:846-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
129
|
Raffaelli L, Serini S, Piccioni E, Manicone PF, Berardi D, Perfetti G, Calviello G. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid effect in periodontal disease: state of art and possible mechanisms involved. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2008; 21:261-6. [PMID: 18547469 DOI: 10.1177/039463200802100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory properties have been widely reported for n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and some studies have been focalized on their possible role in the modulation of gingivitis and alveolar bone resorption in periodontal disease (PD). Increased formation of arachidonic acid-derived inflammatory eicosanoids and augmented oxidative stress are two molecular mechanisms pathogenetically involved in the progression of PD and known to be inhibited by n-3 PUFAs in PD setting. The present review will focus also on other molecular pathways and factors known to be altered in the development of PD and known to be subject to n-3 PUFA modulation in other pathological settings different from PD. Overall, the available findings strongly encourage further experimental studies on animals subject to experimental PD and treated with n-3 PUFAs, long term n-3 PUFA intervention studies on PD patients and molecular studies to identify additional potential molecular routes of n-3 PUFA action in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Raffaelli
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Catholic University, Largo F. Vito 1, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
130
|
Claudino M, Trombone APF, Cardoso CR, Ferreira SB, Martins W, Assis GF, Santos CF, Trevilatto PC, Campanelli AP, Silva JS, Garlet GP. The broad effects of the functional IL-10 promoter-592 polymorphism: modulation of IL-10, TIMP-3, and OPG expression and their association with periodontal disease outcome. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 84:1565-73. [PMID: 18725394 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0308184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are infectious diseases, in which periodontopathogens trigger chronic inflammatory and immune responses that lead to tissue destruction. It occurs through the generation of metalloproteinases and the activation of bone resorption mechanisms. Anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 seem to attenuate periodontal tissue destruction through the induction of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and the inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis osteoprotegerin (OPG). A high individual variation in levels of IL-10 mRNA is verified in periodontitis patients, which is possibly determined by genetic polymorphisms. In this study, the IL-10 promoter -592C/A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), which is associated with a decrease in IL-10 production, was analyzed by RFLP in 116 chronic periodontitis (CP) patients and 173 control (C) subjects, and the IL-10, TIMPs, and OPG mRNA expression levels in diseased gingival tissues were determined by real-time-PCR. The IL-10-592 SNP CA (P=0.0012/OR=2.4/CI:1.4-4.1), AA (P=0.0458/OR=2.3/CI:1.1-4.9), and CA+AA (P=0.0006/OR=2.4/CI:1.4-3.4) genotypes and the allele A (P=0.0036/OR=1.7/CI:1.2-2.4) were found to be significantly more prevalent in the CP group when compared with control subjects. Both CA and AA genotypes were associated with lower levels of IL-10, TIMP-3, and OPG mRNA expression in diseased periodontal tissues and were also associated with disease severity as mean pocket depth. Taken together, the results presented here demonstrate that IL10-592 SNP is functional in CP, being associated with lower levels of IL-10 mRNA expression, which is supposed to consequently decrease the expression of the downstream genes TIMP-3 and OPG, and influence periodontal disease outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Claudino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
131
|
Pathophysiological roles of osteoprotegerin (OPG). Eur J Cell Biol 2008; 88:1-17. [PMID: 18707795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a secreted glycoprotein central to bone turnover via its role as a decoy receptor for the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) and has traditionally been linked to a number of bone-related diseases. However, there is additional evidence that OPG can promote cell survival by inhibiting TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. As a result, a number of in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies have been performed assessing the role of OPG in tumourigenesis. Similar studies have been performed regarding vascular pathologies, resulting from observations of expression and regulation of OPG in the vasculature. This review aims to provide an update on this area and assess the potential protective or detrimental role of OPG in both vascular pathologies and tumourigenesis.
Collapse
|
132
|
Baioni CS, de Souza CM, Ribeiro Braosi AP, Luczyszyn SM, Dias da Silva MA, Ignácio SA, Naval Machado MA, Benato Martins WD, Riella MC, Pecoits-Filho R, Trevilatto PC. Analysis of the association of polymorphism in the osteoprotegerin gene with susceptibility to chronic kidney disease and periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2008; 43:578-84. [PMID: 18624938 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01098.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex disorder, which results in several complications involving disturbance of mineral metabolism. Periodontal disease is an infectious disease that appears to be an important cause of systemic inflammation in CKD patients. Periodontal disease is characterized by clinical attachment loss (CAL) caused by alveolar bone resorption around teeth, which may lead to tooth loss. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis. Polymorphisms are the main source of genetic variation, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported as major modulators of disease susceptibility. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of a polymorphism located at position -223 in the untranslated region of the OPG gene, previously known as -950, with susceptibility to CKD and periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS A sample of 224 subjects without and with CKD (in hemodialysis) was divided into groups with and without periodontal disease. The OPG polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS No association was found between the studied OPG polymorphism and susceptibility to CKD or periodontal disease. CONCLUSION It was concluded that polymorphism OPG-223 (C/T) was not associated with CKD and periodontal disease in a Brazilian population. Studies on other polymorphisms in this and other genes of the host response could help to clarify the involvement of bone metabolism mediators in the susceptibility to CKD and periodontal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C S Baioni
- Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana (PUCPR), Rua Imaculada Conciicao, Curitibua, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
133
|
Tseng YH, Chang KW, Liu CJ, Lin CY, Yang SC, Lin SC. Areca nut extract represses migration and differentiation while activating matrix metalloproteinase-9 of normal gingival epithelial cells. J Periodontal Res 2008; 43:490-9. [PMID: 18624942 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.01035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Areca (betel) chewing is associated with an increase in the incidence of periodontal diseases. Aberrations in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression have been reported to be associated with periodontal disease. This study investigated the effects of areca nut extract on MMP activity and the phenotype of human gingival epithelial cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and gelatin zymography were used to assay MMPs. Cell viability, mobility and detachment assays were performed to characterize the phenotypic impact. Confocal microscopy was employed to evaluate cell aggregation and the distribution of E-cadherin and F-actin. RESULTS Treatment of gingival epithelial cells with 10 microg/mL of areca nut extract reduced its cell viability. Treatment with 5 and 10 microg/mL of areca nut extract for 24 h activated MMP-9 but not MMP-2 in gingival epithelial cells. This activation could be nuclear factor-kappaB dependent and was abrogated by 10 microM curcumin. Areca nut extract also reduced the migration and detachment of gingival epithelial cells. The differentiated cell-cell contact of gingival epithelial cells was markedly impaired by areca nut extract. This was accompanied by a disruption of distribution of E-cadherin and F-actin. CONCLUSION The areca nut extract-mediated activation of MMP-9 in gingival epithelial cells could signify a potential periodontal pathogenesis in areca chewers. The areca nut extract-mediated inhibition of cell viability and migration, together with the changed aggregation in gingival epithelial cells, suggests that impairment of the re-epithelization underlies the process and this, in turn, might exacerbate gingival inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y-H Tseng
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
134
|
Role of alphav integrin in osteoprotegerin-induced endothelial cell migration and proliferation. Microvasc Res 2008; 76:139-44. [PMID: 18656492 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a decoy receptor for the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL). However, the role of OPG in the endothelium remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that OPG stimulates the proliferation and migration of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs). In addition, we show that treatment with integrin alpha(v)beta(3) or integrin alpha(v)beta(5) blocking antibody inhibits endothelial cell migration. In contrast, treatment with anti-alpha(v)beta(3) antibody or anti-alpha(v)beta(5) antibody alone did not inhibit OPG-induced proliferation. However, OPG-induced proliferation was inhibited when these antibodies were applied simultaneously. Furthermore, OPG evoked activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, which has been linked to integrin alpha(v) activity. Taken together, these results suggest that integrins alpha(v)beta(3) and/or alpha(v)beta(5) contribute to endothelial cell proliferation and migration induced by OPG.
Collapse
|
135
|
Park OJ, Shin SY, Choi Y, Kim MH, Chung CP, Ku Y, Kim KK. The association of osteoprotegerin gene polymorphisms with periodontitis. Oral Dis 2008; 14:440-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2007.01398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
136
|
Wise GE, King GJ. Mechanisms of tooth eruption and orthodontic tooth movement. J Dent Res 2008; 87:414-34. [PMID: 18434571 DOI: 10.1177/154405910808700509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth move through alveolar bone, whether through the normal process of tooth eruption or by strains generated by orthodontic appliances. Both eruption and orthodontics accomplish this feat through similar fundamental biological processes, osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis, but there are differences that make their mechanisms unique. A better appreciation of the molecular and cellular events that regulate osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis in eruption and orthodontics is not only central to our understanding of how these processes occur, but also is needed for ultimate development of the means to control them. Possible future studies in these areas are also discussed, with particular emphasis on translation of fundamental knowledge to improve dental treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G E Wise
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
137
|
Rossa C, Liu M, Kirkwood KL. A dominant function of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand expression and osteoclastogenesis induction by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. J Periodontal Res 2008; 43:201-11. [PMID: 18302623 PMCID: PMC3086662 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.01013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria is one of the microbial-associated molecular patterns that initiate the immune/inflammatory response, leading to the tissue destruction observed in periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-induced receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) expression by murine periodontal ligament cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Expression of RANKL and osteoprotegerin mRNA was studied by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The biochemical inhibitor SB203580 was used to evaluate the contribution of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway to lipopolysaccharide-induced RANKL and osteoprotegerin expression. Stable cell lines expressing dominant-negative forms of MAPK kinase (MKK)-3 and MKK6 were generated to confirm the role of the p38 MAPK pathway. An osteoclastogenesis assay using a coculture model of the murine monocytic cell line RAW 264.7 was used to determine if osteoclast differentiation induced by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated periodontal ligament was correlated with RANKL expression. RESULTS Inhibiting p38 MAPK prior to lipopolysaccharide stimulation resulted in a significant decrease of RANKL mRNA expression. Osteoprotegerin mRNA expression was not affected by lipopolysaccharide or p38 MAPK. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated periodontal ligament cells increased osteoclast differentiation, an effect that was completely blocked by osteoprotegerin and significantly decreased by inhibition of MKK3 and MKK6, upstream activators of p38 MAPK. Conditioned medium from murine periodontal ligament cultures did not increase osteoclast differentiation, indicating that periodontal ligament cells produced membrane-bound RANKL. CONCLUSION Lipopolysaccharide resulted in a significant increase of RANKL in periodontal ligament cells. The p38 MAPK pathway is required for lipopolysaccharide-induced membrane-bound RANKL expression in these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rossa
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, State University of Sao Paulo (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Keith L. Kirkwood
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Arıkan F, Buduneli N, Kütükçüler N. Osteoprotegerin levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid. Clin Oral Implants Res 2008; 19:283-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2007.01463.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
139
|
Bostanci N, Emingil G, Afacan B, Han B, Ilgenli T, Atilla G, Hughes F, Belibasakis G. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-converting Enzyme (TACE) Levels in Periodontal Diseases. J Dent Res 2008; 87:273-7. [DOI: 10.1177/154405910808700311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme (TACE) is a metalloprotease which can shed several cytokines from the cell membrane, including receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that TACE would be elevated in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of persons with periodontitis. Total TACE amounts in GCF were higher in persons with chronic and aggressive periodontitis than in those with gingivitis or in healthy persons. TACE concentrations in GCF were higher in persons with chronic and aggressive periodontitis than in those with gingivitis, although not significantly higher than in healthy persons. Persons with chronic periodontitis receiving immunosuppressive treatment exhibited over 10-fold lower TACE levels than the other periodontitis groups. TACE was positively correlated with probing pocket depth, clinical attachment levels, and RANKL concentrations in GCF. In conclusion, the increased GCF TACE levels in persons with periodontitis and their positive correlation with RANKL may indicate an association of this enzyme with alveolar bone loss, and may warrant special attention in future therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Bostanci
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, E1 2AD London, UK; and
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - G. Emingil
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, E1 2AD London, UK; and
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - B. Afacan
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, E1 2AD London, UK; and
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - B. Han
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, E1 2AD London, UK; and
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - T. Ilgenli
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, E1 2AD London, UK; and
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - G. Atilla
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, E1 2AD London, UK; and
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - F.J. Hughes
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, E1 2AD London, UK; and
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - G.N. Belibasakis
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, E1 2AD London, UK; and
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Duarte PM, Neto JBC, Casati MZ, Sallum EA, Nociti FH. Diabetes modulates gene expression in the gingival tissues of patients with chronic periodontitis. Oral Dis 2008; 13:594-9. [PMID: 17944678 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2006.01348.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study evaluated whether diabetes modulates gene expression [interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10; tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha; interferon (IFN)-gamma, receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG)] in sites with periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gingival biopsies were harvested and divided into three groups--Control group: systemically and periodontally healthy subjects (n = 10); Periodontitis group: systemically healthy subjects diagnosed with chronic periodontitis (n = 20); Diabetes group: type 1 diabetic subjects, diagnosed with chronic periodontitis (n = 20). Total RNA was obtained and analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Data analysis demonstrated that, except for OPG, mRNA levels for all factors were increased by inflammation (P < 0.001). Interleukin-1beta, IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-gamma, and RANKL mRNA levels were higher in the diabetic group when compared with the control non-periodontitis group (P < 0.05), whereas IL-10 and OPG were lower (P < 0.05). No difference was observed for TNF-alpha between diabetic and control groups (P > 0.05). Diabetes lowered IL-1beta, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha, RANKL, and OPG mRNA levels in sites with comparable type of periodontitis (P < 0.001). Moreover, increased RANKL:OPG and IL-6:IL-10 ratios were found. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Taken together, these data suggest that decreased levels of IL-10 and OPG may play an important role in the periodontal breakdown in diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P M Duarte
- Department of Periodontics, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
141
|
Jin Q, Cirelli JA, Park CH, Sugai JV, Taba M, Kostenuik PJ, Giannobile WV. RANKL inhibition through osteoprotegerin blocks bone loss in experimental periodontitis. J Periodontol 2007; 78:1300-8. [PMID: 17608585 PMCID: PMC2583091 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2007.070073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of alveolar bone destruction is a clinical challenge in periodontal disease treatment. The receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) inhibitor osteoprotegerin (OPG) inhibits osteoclastogenesis and suppresses bone resorption. METHODS To study the effects of RANKL inhibition on alveolar bone loss, an experimental ligature-induced model of periodontitis was used. A total of 32 rats were administered human OPG-Fc fusion protein (10 mg/kg) or vehicle by subcutaneous delivery twice weekly for 6 weeks. Negative or positive controls received no treatment or disease through vehicle delivery, respectively. Biopsies were harvested after 3 and 6 weeks, and mandibulae were evaluated by microcomputed tomography (microCT) and histology. Serum levels of human OPG-Fc and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRAP-5b) were measured throughout the study by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analyses included analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests. RESULTS Human OPG-Fc was detected in the sera of OPG-Fc-treated animals by 3 days and throughout the study. Serum TRAP-5b was sharply decreased by OPG-Fc treatment soon after OPG-Fc delivery and remained low for the observation period. Significant preservation of alveolar bone volume was observed among OPG-Fc-treated animals compared to the controls at weeks 3 and 6 (P <0.05). Descriptive histology revealed that OPG-Fc significantly suppressed osteoclast surface area at the alveolar crest. CONCLUSION Systemic delivery of OPG-Fc inhibits alveolar bone resorption in experimental periodontitis, suggesting that RANKL inhibition may represent an important therapeutic strategy for the prevention of progressive alveolar bone loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Jin
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Joni A. Cirelli
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Chan Ho Park
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan
| | - James V. Sugai
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mario Taba
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - William V. Giannobile
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan
- Michigan Center for Oral Health Research, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Wagner J, Kaminski WE, Aslanidis C, Moder D, Hiller KA, Christgau M, Schmitz G, Schmalz G. Prevalence of OPG and IL-1 gene polymorphisms in chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 34:823-7. [PMID: 17711477 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2007.01132.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association of polymorphisms in the osteoprotegerin (OPG) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) genes with chronic periodontitis (CP). MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and ninety-four individuals (97 CP patients, 97 controls) were genotyped for the OPG polymorphisms Lys3Asn and Met256Val and for the IL-1 polymorphisms IL-1A (-889C/T) and IL-1B (+3953C/T). RESULTS The homozygous variants coding for Lys3 were present at a higher frequency, whereas Asn3 and Met256 were present at a lower frequency in CP patients/controls (Lys3: 31%/25%, Asn3: 23%/32% and Met256: 66%/73%). Heterozygosity for Lys3Asn was observed at a higher frequency in CP patients/controls (46%/43%). Homozygosity for the Val256 genotype was observed in two CP patients (one in controls). Met256Val heterozygosity was more prevalent in CP patients/controls (32%/20%). All differences were statistically not significant between CP patients and controls. In contrast, both IL-1 polymorphisms were statistically significant. The heterozygous variant for IL-1A was present in 32% of the CP patients and in 20% of the controls (homozygosity (patients/controls) CC: 10%/21% and TT: 55%/33%). Heterozygosity for IL-1B was observed in 37% of the CP patients versus 34% in the controls (homozygosity (patients/controls) CC: 26%/57% and TT: 37%/9%). CONCLUSION While the association between the IL-1 polymorphisms and CP was confirmed, no association between the OPG polymorphisms and CP could be found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Wagner
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
143
|
Bostanci N, Ilgenli T, Emingil G, Afacan B, Han B, Töz H, Berdeli A, Atilla G, McKay IJ, Hughes FJ, Belibasakis GN. Differential expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-?B ligand and osteoprotegerin mRNA in periodontal diseases. J Periodontal Res 2007; 42:287-93. [PMID: 17559623 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) is responsible for the induction of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, whereas its decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin, can directly block this action. Because this dyad of cytokines is crucial for regulating the bone remodelling process, imbalances in their expression may cause a switch from the physiological state to enhanced bone resorption or formation. This study investigated the mRNA expression of RANKL and osteoprotegerin, as well as their relative ratio, in the gingival tissues of patients with various forms of periodontal diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS Gingival tissue was obtained from nine healthy subjects and 41 patients, who had gingivitis, chronic periodontitis, generalized aggressive periodontitis, and chronic periodontitis and were receiving immunosuppressant therapy. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to evaluate the mRNA expression of RANKL and osteoprotegerin in these tissues. RESULTS Compared with healthy individuals, patients in all periodontitis groups, but not those with gingivitis, exhibited stronger RANKL expression and a higher relative RANKL/osteoprotegerin ratio. In addition, osteoprotegerin expression was weaker in patients with chronic periodontitis. When patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis were compared, the former exhibited stronger RANKL expression, whereas the latter exhibited weaker osteoprotegerin expression, and there was no difference in their relative ratio. When chronic periodontitis patients were compared with chronic periodontitis patients receiving immunosuppressant therapy, osteoprotegerin, but not RANKL, expression was stronger in the latter. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that RANKL and osteoprotegerin expression are differentially regulated in various forms of periodontitis, and the relative RANKL/osteoprotegerin ratio appears to be indicative of disease occurrence. This information may confer diagnostic and therapeutic value in periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Bostanci
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
144
|
Taubman MA, Kawai T, Han X. The new concept of periodontal disease pathogenesis requires new and novel therapeutic strategies. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 34:367-9. [PMID: 17448041 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2007.01065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this issue Bostanci et al. (2007) demonstrate that receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were oppositely regulated in gingival crevice fluid (GCF) from periodontitis patients. RANKL, RANK and OPG are key molecules that regulate osteoclast recruitment, differentiation and activation. New concepts of the pathogenesis of periodontitis have implicated inflammation triggered by host immune response to periodontal biofilm microorganisms(s) in disease. Host response to bacteria involves activation of T and B cells in the inflammatory infiltrate which bear abundant RANKL that promotes osteoclastic bone resorption. Periodontal tissue destruction can be ameliorated by immunobiological interference with immune cell RANKL expression or function. The new disease concepts provide a foundation to build biological approaches to target RANKL production in periodontal lesions.
Collapse
|
145
|
Wara-aswapati N, Surarit R, Chayasadom A, Boch JA, Pitiphat W. RANKL Upregulation Associated With Periodontitis andPorphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodontol 2007; 78:1062-9. [PMID: 17539720 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2007.060398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are critical for homeostatic control of osteoclast activity, suggesting their vital roles in the progression of bone loss in periodontitis. In this study, the expression of RANKL and OPG mRNA and the relationship between these factors and periodontopathic bacteria in periodontal tissue were studied. METHODS Gingival tissue and subgingival plaque samples were collected from 15 patients with chronic periodontitis and 15 periodontally healthy subjects. RNA was extracted from the tissue and subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers specific for RANKL or OPG. Beta-actin was amplified as a control to ensure equal loading. The intensity of RT-PCR products was analyzed by a densitometer in proportion to the intensity of beta-actin. The numbers of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Our results showed increased levels of RANKL mRNA in chronic periodontitis tissues. The RANKL/OPG expression ratio was significantly higher in the periodontitis group compared to the healthy control group (P = 0.001). Interestingly, the expression of RANKL (r = 0.64; P <0.001), but not OPG (r = -0.24; P = 0.20), was significantly correlated with increased numbers of P. gingivalis. A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected in only 6.7% of all sites. CONCLUSIONS Chronic periodontitis was associated with RANKL mRNA upregulation and increased RANKL/OPG mRNA expression ratio. In addition, our data showed for the first time to our knowledge an association between upregulated RANKL levels and the number of P. gingivalis in clinically obtained periodontal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nawarat Wara-aswapati
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
146
|
Lappin DF, Sherrabeh S, Jenkins WMM, Macpherson LMD. Effect of smoking on serum RANKL and OPG in sex, age and clinically matched supportive-therapy periodontitis patients. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 34:271-7. [PMID: 17378883 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2007.01048.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
METHODS The serum concentrations of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in age- and sex-matched groups of smokers and non-smokers with almost identical levels of periodontal disease were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We ensured that the 35 smokers were gender, age and clinically matched with a group of 35 non-smokers (confirmed by cotinine immunoassay) from the same population of maintained patients with susceptibility to periodontitis. RESULTS Cigarette smoker patients tended to have lower serum concentrations of RANKL and OPG than non-smoker patients. While no statistically significant difference was observed for RANKL, there were significant differences in the median serum concentration of OPG (smokers 23.76 pM, non-smokers 59.28 pM) and the ratio of serum concentrations of RANKL and OPG. Concentrations of OPG in the smoker patients also had a statistically significant negative correlation with tobacco consumption. CONCLUSION Bone loss in smoker-related periodontitis patients may be partially explained by suppression of OPG production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David F Lappin
- University of Glasgow, Dental Hospital and School, Glasgow, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
147
|
César-Neto JB, Duarte PM, de Oliveira MCG, Tambeli CH, Sallum EA, Nociti FH. Smoking modulates interleukin-6:interleukin-10 and RANKL:osteoprotegerin ratios in the periodontal tissues. J Periodontal Res 2007; 42:184-91. [PMID: 17305878 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00934.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of smoking on the gene expression of interleukin-1alpha, -1ra, -6, -8 and -10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -8, receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin, in sites with periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Gingival biopsies were divided into three groups: the healthy group (periodontally healthy subjects; n=10); the periodontitis group [subjects with severe chronic periodontitis who never smoked (probing depth>or=7 mm) (n=25)]; and the smoking group (subjects diagnosed with severe chronic periodontitis who smoked>or=1 pack per day for at least 10 years; n=25). Gene and protein expressions were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RESULTS Data analysis demonstrated that, except for MMP-8 and osteoprotegerin, the levels of all factors were increased by inflammation (p<0.001). The levels of interleukin-1alpha, -1ra, -6 and -8, and RANKL, were higher in smokers with periodontitis compared with controls, whereas the levels of interleukin-10, MMP-8 and osteoprotegerin were lower (p<0.001). Smoking lowered the levels of interleukin-1alpha, -8, -10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, MMP-8 and osteoprotegerin, and increased the levels of interleukin-6 and -1ra in sites with a comparable type of periodontitis (p<0.001). CONCLUSION In conclusion, smoking modulates gene expression in the periodontium, and the influence of smoking on periodontal disease may involve effects of interleukin-6:interleukin-10 and RANKL:osteoprotegerin ratios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J B César-Neto
- Department of Prosthodontics/Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry at Piracicaba, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
148
|
Belibasakis GN, Bostanci N, Hashim A, Johansson A, Aduse-Opoku J, Curtis MA, Hughes FJ. Regulation of RANKL and OPG gene expression in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells by Porphyromonas gingivalis: a putative role of the Arg-gingipains. Microb Pathog 2007; 43:46-53. [PMID: 17448630 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is highly implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, which is characterized by the destruction of periodontal connective tissues and the supporting alveolar bone. Receptor Activator of NF-kappaB Ligand (RANKL) stimulates bone resorption, whereas osteoprotegerin (OPG) blocks its action, and this bi-molecular system is implicated in periodontitis. The aim of this work was (a) to investigate the regulation of RANKL and OPG gene expression in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and gingival fibroblasts (GF), in response to P. gingivalis culture supernatants, by quantitative real-time PCR and (b) to attempt to identify putative virulence factors involved in this process. The results indicated that P. gingivalis induced RANKL and reduced OPG mRNA expression by the studied cells, resulting in an increased RANKL/OPG expression ratio. Heat-inactivation of P. gingivalis resulted in significant reduction of RANKL mRNA expression. A Lys-gingipain mutant strain did not affect, whereas an Arg-gingipain mutant strain further enhanced RANKL mRNA expression, compared to their parental wild-type strain. In conclusion, P. gingivalis up-regulates the RANKL/OPG expression ratio in GF and PDL cells, denoting an enhanced osteoclastogenic potential by the cells. The component mainly responsible for RANKL induction appears to be proteinaceous, and it may be regulated by the Arg-gingipains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios N Belibasakis
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary's University of London, London E1 2AT, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
149
|
Bostanci N, Ilgenli T, Emingil G, Afacan B, Han B, Töz H, Atilla G, Hughes FJ, Belibasakis GN. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of RANKL and OPG in periodontal diseases: implications of their relative ratio. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 34:370-6. [PMID: 17355365 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2007.01061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM Receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are a system of molecules that regulate bone resorption. This study aims to compare the levels of RANKL, OPG and their relative ratio in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of healthy and periodontal disease subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS GCF was obtained from healthy (n=21), gingivitis (n=22), chronic periodontitis (n=28), generalized aggressive periodontitis (n=25) and chronic periodontitis subjects under immunosuppressant therapy (n=11). RANKL and OPG concentrations in GCF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS RANKL levels were low in health and gingivitis groups, but increased in all three forms of periodontitis. OPG levels were higher in health than all three periodontitis, or gingivitis groups. There were no differences in RANKL and OPG levels between chronic and generalized aggressive periodontitis groups, whereas these were lower in the immunosuppressed chronic periodontitis group. The RANKL/OPG ratio was significantly elevated in all three periodontitis forms, compared with health or gingivitis, and positively correlated to probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. CONCLUSION GCF RANKL and OPG levels were oppositely regulated in periodontitis, but not gingivitis, resulting in an enhanced RANKL/OPG ratio. This ratio was similar in all three periodontitis groups and may therefore predict disease occurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Bostanci
- Adult Oral Health, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
150
|
Mogi M, Otogoto J. Expression of cathepsin-K in gingival crevicular fluid of patients with periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2007; 52:894-8. [PMID: 17321485 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Revised: 12/08/2006] [Accepted: 01/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin-K is a highly expressed cysteine protease, and it plays a key role in bone remodeling and cartilage breakdown in bone. Cathepsin-K is used as a well-known marker of osteoclast activity, because this enzyme is mainly derived from osteoclasts. The receptor activator for NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) plays an important role in osteoclast formation. Although a recent study suggests the involvement of RANKL in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, no one has previously examined the level of cathepsin-K in the body fluid of human subjects. If the presence of cathepsin-K, as well as RANKL, can be detected in body fluids, it would be indirect proof of the differentiation and/or activation of osteoclasts in the tissues bathed by these fluids. This communication reports on the in vivo concentrations of cathepsin-K and RANKL in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of normal subjects and those patients with severe, moderate, and mild forms of the disease. Increased concentrations of cathepsin-K and RANKL were detected in the GCF from patients with periodontitis (P<0.005 versus control subjects). Also, there was a positive correlation between cathepsin-K and RANKL levels (r=0.726), suggesting that both of them contribute to osteoclastic bone destruction in periodontal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makio Mogi
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|