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Intraoral Potentially Malignant Disorders in a Brazilian Oral Pathology Service: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Histopathological Findings. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2018; 2018:2325808. [PMID: 29686705 PMCID: PMC5852874 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2325808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of individuals with intraoral potentially malignant disorders (IOPMD) in an oral pathology service in Brazil. Cases were screened based on clinical diagnosis of leukoplakia (LKP), erythroleukoplakia (ELKP), and erythroplakia (EP). Clinical data and information regarding associated factors were gathered from biopsy reports. Histological diagnoses were collected from histopathological records. Among 208 IOPMD cases, 84.13% involved LKP; 11.1%, ELKP; and 4.8%, EP. The most affected sites were the gingiva and buccal mucosa. Histologically, epithelial dysplasia was present in 66.8% of the lesions, acanthosis and hyperkeratosis without epithelial dysplasia were present in 27.9%, and squamous cell carcinoma was present in 2.9%. Most patients were males, fair-skinned, with mean age of 53.4 years. Chronic smokers represented 73% of subjects, of which 30% also consumed alcohol. Smokers and drinkers were mostly males (p < 0.001). EP and ELKP represented histologically more severe degrees of epithelial dysplasia than LKP (p < 0.001). In conclusion, individuals with IOPMD were more frequently fair-skinned men in the sixth decade of life, with smoking habit. Special attention is required to clinical diagnoses of ELKP and EP since the prevalence of severe epithelial dysplasia, in situ carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma is higher than in LKP.
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Immunohistochemical Expression of Podoplanin in Clinical Variants of Oral Leukoplakia and Its Correlation With Epithelial Dysplasia. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018; 26:132-139. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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103
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Wu MH, Luo JD, Wang WC, Chang TH, Hwang WL, Lee KH, Liu SY, Yang JW, Chiou CT, Chang CH, Chiang WF. Risk analysis of malignant potential of oral verrucous hyperplasia: A follow-up study of 269 patients and copy number variation analysis. Head Neck 2018; 40:1046-1056. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.25076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Heng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ji-Dung Luo
- Bioinformatics Core Laboratory, Molecular Medicine Research Center; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Wang
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Haur Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shyun-Yeu Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center; Liouying Taiwan
| | - Jung-Wu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Sin-Lau Hospital; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ta Chiou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; An-Nan Hospital; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hua Chang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Chang-Chung Memorial Hospital; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center; Liouying Taiwan
- School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
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Vavassori A, Gherardi F, Colangione SP, Fodor C, Cattani F, Lazzari R, Calabrese L, Bruschini R, Alterio D, Jereczek-Fossa BA, Orecchia R. High-Dose-Rate Interstitial Brachytherapy in Early Stage Buccal Mucosa and Lip Cancer: Report on the Consecutive 12 Patients and Review of the Literature. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 98:471-7. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161209800412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background To evaluate clinical outcome and toxicity using high-dose-rate brachytherapy as monotherapy in head and neck carcinomas. Methods Between September 2004 and April 2010, a series of 12 patients with lip (7 patients) or buccal mucosa (5 patients) cancers were treated by exclusive interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy. The median age of the patients was 71.5 years (range, 47–87). Stages were T1N0M0 and T2N0M0 in 6 and 6 patients, respectively. A dose of 27 to 54 Gy in 9 to 16 fractions, 3 to 4.5 Gy per fraction, 2 fractions per day with a minimal gap of 6 h in between was delivered. Results After a median follow-up of 46 months (range, 10–85), the disease-free and overall survival was 83% (10 of 12 patients) and 50% (6 of 12 patients), respectively. The crude local control in the lip cancer patients was 100% and in the buccal mucosa cancer patients was 60%. No severe toxicity was registered. Conclusions High-dose-rate brachytherapy is feasible and safe and offers the possibility to treat patients in an outpatient regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luca Calabrese
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Milan
| | - Roberto Bruschini
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Milan
| | | | | | - Roberto Orecchia
- Department of Radiation Therapy
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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105
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Shah NG, Trivedi TI, Tankshali RA, Goswami JA, Shah JS, Jetly DH, Kobawala TP, Patel KC, Shukla SN, Shah PM, Verma RJ. Molecular Alterations in Oral Carcinogenesis: Significant Risk Predictors in Malignant Transformation and Tumor Progression. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 22:132-43. [PMID: 17549669 DOI: 10.1177/172460080702200207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study an attempt was made to establish the significance of a battery of molecular alterations and thereby identify risk predictors in oral carcinogenesis. For this purpose, EGFR, Stat3, H-ras, c-myc, p53, cyclin D1, p16, Rb, Ki-67 and Bcl-2 were localized immunohistochemically in normal mucosa (n=12), hyperplasia (n=35), dysplasia (n=25), early stage carcinoma (n=65) and advanced stage carcinoma (n=70). Deregulation occurred at an early stage and the number of alterations increased with disease progression. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, the significant risk predictor for hyperplasia from normal mucosa was Ki-67 (OR=5.75, p=0.021); the significant risk predictors for dysplasia from hyperplasia were EGFR (OR=12.96, p=0.002), Stat3 (OR=17.16, p=0.0001), p16 (OR=5.50, p=0.039) and c-myc (OR=5.99, p=0.052); the significant risk predictors for early stage carcinoma from dysplasia were p53 (OR=6.63, p=0.0001) and Rb (OR=3.81, p=0.056); and the significant risk predictors for further progression were EGFR (OR=5.50, p=0.0001), Stat3 (OR=4.49, p=0.0001), H-ras (OR=4.05, p=0.001) and c-myc (OR=2.99, p=0.015). Cyclin D1 holds a key position linking upstream signaling pathways to cell cycle regulation. Gene products of the mitogenic signaling pathway play an equally significant role as cell cycle regulatory proteins in the hyperplasia-dysplasia-early-advanced-carcinoma sequence and together may provide a reference panel of markers for use in defining premalignant lesions and predicting the risk of malignant transformation and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Shah
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, India.
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106
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Nag R, Kumar Das R. Analysis of images for detection of oral epithelial dysplasia: A review. Oral Oncol 2018; 78:8-15. [PMID: 29496062 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a review of various image analysis approaches that have been previously used for recognition of dysplasia in images of the epithelium of the oral cavity. This domain has become especially admissible with the uncovering of the importance of image analysis which can probably be an aid to subjective diagnosis by histopathologists. Oral malignancy is a rampant form of cancer found among people of the Indian subcontinent due to various deleterious habits like consumption of tobacco, areca nut, betel leaf etc. Oral Submucous Fibrosis, a precancer, whose pathological category falls between normal epithelium and epithelial dysplasia, is caused because of these habits and can ultimately lead to oral cancer. Hence early detection of this condition is necessary. Image analysis methods for this purpose have an enormous potential which can also reduce the heavy workload of pathologists and to refine the criterion of interpretation. This paper starts with a critique of statistics of oral carcinoma in India and distribution of cancer in intra-oral sites and moves on to its causes and diagnostic approaches including causative agents, problems in curative approach and importance of image analysis in cancer detection. The various image analysis methods to appraise the cytological and architectural changes accompanied by Oral Epithelial Dysplasia in the images of the oral epithelial region have been described in relation to 2005 WHO Classification System and it was found that in future, analysis of images based on the mentioned methods has the potential in better interpretation and diagnosis of oral carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetoja Nag
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular, and Molecular Theranostics, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India.
| | - Raunak Kumar Das
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular, and Molecular Theranostics, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Bhavsar C, Momin M, Khan T, Omri A. Targeting tumor microenvironment to curb chemoresistance via novel drug delivery strategies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:641-663. [PMID: 29301448 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1424825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor is a heterogeneous mass of malignant cells co-existing with non-malignant cells. This co-existence evolves from the initial developmental stages of the tumor and is one of the hallmarks of cancer providing a protumorigenic niche known as tumor microenvironment (TME). Proliferation, invasiveness, metastatic potential and maintenance of stemness through cross-talk between tumors and its stroma forms the basis of TME. AREAS COVERED The article highlights the developmental phases of a tumor from dysplasia to the formation of clinically detectable tumors. The authors discuss the mechanistic stages involved in the formation of TME and its contribution in tumor outgrowth and chemoresistance. The authors have reviewed various approaches for targeting TME and its hallmarks along with their advantages and pitfalls. The authors also highlight cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are resistant to chemotherapeutics and thus a primary reason for tumor recurrence thereby, posing a challenge for the oncologists. EXPERT OPINION Recent understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in acquired chemoresistance has enabled scientists to target the tumor niche and TME and modulate and/or disrupt this communication leading to the transformation from a tumor-supportive niche environment to a tumor-non-supporting environment and give synergistic results towards an effective management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan Bhavsar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKMs Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy , University of Mumbai , Mumbai , India
| | - Munira Momin
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKMs Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy , University of Mumbai , Mumbai , India
| | - Tabassum Khan
- b Department of Quality Assurance and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKMs Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy , University of Mumbai , Mumbai , India
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- c The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Laurentian University , Sudbury , ON , Canada
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108
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Rao UKM, Thavarajah R, Joshua E, Ranganathan K. Loss of heterozygosity as a marker to predict progression of oral epithelial dysplasia to oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2018; 22:155-160. [PMID: 30158764 PMCID: PMC6097375 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_151_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Umadevi Krishna Mohan Rao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Ragas Dental College and Hospitals, Affiliated to the Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail:
| | - Rooban Thavarajah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Ragas Dental College and Hospitals, Affiliated to the Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail:
| | - Elizabeth Joshua
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Ragas Dental College and Hospitals, Affiliated to the Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail:
| | - Kannan Ranganathan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Ragas Dental College and Hospitals, Affiliated to the Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail:
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109
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Speight PM, Khurram SA, Kujan O. Oral potentially malignant disorders: risk of progression to malignancy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2017; 125:612-627. [PMID: 29396319 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) have a statistically increased risk of progressing to cancer, but the risk varies according to a range of patient- or lesion-related factors. It is difficult to predict the risk of progression in any individual patient, and the clinician must make a judgment based on assessment of each case. The most commonly encountered OPMD is leukoplakia, but others, including lichen planus, oral submucous fibrosis, and erythroplakia, may also be seen. Factors associated with an increased risk of malignant transformation include sex; site and type of lesion; habits, such as smoking and alcohol consumption; and the presence of epithelial dysplasia on histologic examination. In this review, we attempt to identify important risk factors and present a simple algorithm that can be used as a guide for risk assessment at each stage of the clinical evaluation of a patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Speight
- Unit of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Syed Ali Khurram
- Unit of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
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Abstract
Where does cancer come from? Although the cell-of-origin is difficult to pinpoint, cancer clones harbor information about their clonal ancestries. In an effort to find cells before they evolve into a life-threatening cancer, physicians currently diagnose premalignant diseases at frequencies that substantially exceed those of clinical cancers. Cancer risk prediction relies on our ability to distinguish between which premalignant features will lead to cancer mortality and which are characteristic of inconsequential disease. Here, we review the evolution of cancer from premalignant disease, and discuss the concept that even phenotypically normal cell progenies inherently gain more malignant potential with age. We describe the hurdles of prognosticating cancer risk in premalignant disease by making reference to the underlying continuous and multivariate natures of genotypes and phenotypes and the particular challenge inherent in defining a cell lineage as "cancerized."
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Curtius
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, EC1M 6BQ London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas A Wright
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, EC1M 6BQ London, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor A Graham
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, EC1M 6BQ London, United Kingdom
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111
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A G D, Janardanan-Nair B, B R V. Podoplanin expression in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e1418-e1424. [PMID: 29410757 PMCID: PMC5794119 DOI: 10.4317/jced.54213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Podoplanin is a type I transmembrane sialomucin-like glycoprotein that is specifically expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells. Studies have shown that assessment of podoplanin expression in the epithelial cells can be used to predict the malignant transformation of potentially malignant disorders and the metastatic tendency of primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of our study was to compare the expression of podoplanin in oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma with that in normal buccal mucosa by immunohistochemical methods. Material and Methods Immunohistochemical expression of podoplanin was analyzed in 20 cases each of oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal buccal mucosa, with monoclonal antibody D2-40. The expression of podoplanin was graded from grade 0-4. Results There was a statistically significant upregulation of the grades of podoplanin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma(100%), oral submucous fibrosis (90%) and oral leukoplakia (65%) when compared to that in normal mucosa(35%). Podoplanin expression increased with decrease in grades of differentiation in oral squamous cell carcinoma . Podoplanin expression in the samples of oral submucous fibrosis was higher than that in oral leukoplakia. Conclusions Evaluation of podoplanin expression in the epithelial cells of oral dysplastic lesions may provide valuable information to predict their risk of malignant transformation. Key words:Immunohistochemistry, Oral leukoplakia, Oral submucous fibrosis, Podoplanin, Squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa A G
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology , Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekharam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bindu Janardanan-Nair
- Consultant oral pathologist, Dr. Vivek's Dental Clinic, Vazhuthacaud, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Varun B R
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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112
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Nieto K, Pei P, Wang D, Mallery SR, Schwendeman SP. In vivo controlled release of fenretinide from long-acting release depots for chemoprevention of oral squamous cell carcinoma recurrence. Int J Pharm 2017; 538:48-56. [PMID: 29170116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Local, long-acting release fenretinide (4HPR) millicylindrical implants were prepared and evaluated for their release kinetics in vivo and their ability to suppress oral cancer tumor explant growth. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) implants were prepared as a function of drug loading and the presence of various excipients (pore-formers, solubilizers, crystallization inhibitors) to enhance release of the insoluble 4HPR. Release kinetics and bioerosion of PLGA were monitored both in vitro in a PBS/Tween 80 buffer and in vivo by recovery of the drug remaining at the injection site. 4HPR was released from PLGA implants much slower in vivo than in the drug solubilizing media in vitro, with a 3-week lag phase and continuous release of >2 months, but showed some release enhancement by addition of solubilizers. Water-soluble PVA/sucrose implants for release of 4HPR served to determine if drug dissolution provided suitable controlled release without the PLGA, and this formulation showed continuous drug release over 6 weeks in vivo. Placement of PLGA-4HPR implants adjacent to oral cancer tumor murine xenografts showed inhibition of tumor growth relative to sham implants, indicating the potential for the local 4HPR delivery approach to be useful for oral cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Nieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
| | - Ping Pei
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology Ohio State University, 305 W. 12thAve, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States.
| | - Daren Wang
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology Ohio State University, 305 W. 12thAve, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States.
| | - Susan R Mallery
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology Ohio State University, 305 W. 12thAve, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States.
| | - Steven P Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
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Gambino A, Carbone M, Broccoletti R, Carcieri P, Conrotto D, Carrozzo M, Arduino PG. A report on the clinical-pathological correlations of 788 gingival lesion. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2017; 22:e686-e693. [PMID: 29053652 PMCID: PMC5813986 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.21845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis and treatment of a variety of non-plaque related gingival diseases have become an integrated aspect of everyday dentistry. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between clinical appearance and histopathological features of gingival lesions in a large Northern Italian population. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective study of 788 cases of gingival and alveolar mucosal biopsies was set up. Statistical analysis was performed by calculating the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (C.I.), in order to assess the degree of association between the clinical parameters considered (primary lesions) and the single pathologies, statistically evaluated by Mantel-Haenszel tests. The correlation between clinical and histological diagnosis was classified as follow: 1) expected data (ED): provisional clinical diagnosis; 2) real data (RD): final histopathology diagnosis; 3) concordant data (CD): correspondence between the expected data and real data. The correlation was calculated as follow: CC (complete concordance) = CD x 100 / ED, this expressing the percentage in which the clinical and the histological diagnosis overlapped. RESULTS The most frequently observed and biopsied primary lesions resulted to be exophytic, followed by mucosal colour changes and finally by losses of substance. The statistically significant association between primary lesion and their manifestation in gingival pathologies was reported. Volume increases, for instance, were positively correlated to plasma cell epulis, pyogenic granuloma, fibrous reactive hyperplasia and hemangioma. Verrucous-papillary lesions were most often seen in verrucous carcinoma, verrucous leukoplakia and mild dysplasia. White lesion resulted to be related to leukoplakia or oral lichen planus. Red lesions resulted to be related only oral lichen planus. Erosive vesicle-bullous lesions were linked to disimmune pathologies. Ulcerative lesions were positively associated to oral squamous cell cancer. Finally, potentially malignant disorders have the most percentage high concordance. Among the malignant lesions, the correlation increased up to the squamous cell carcinoma and leukaemia. CONCLUSIONS This article presented the frequency and the clinico-pathological concordance of all primary lesions and the histopathological diagnosis of gingival lesions. For every primary lesion, it is possible to correlate a specific histopathological diagnosis in a statistical manner. This can be a valuable aid for not specialist clinicians who daily observe mucosae and have the opportunity to intercept major diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gambino
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, CIR - Dental School, Oral Medicine Section, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Turin, Italy,
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114
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Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) refer to epithelial lesions and conditions with an increased risk for malignant transformation; oral leukoplakia is the most commonly encountered. Overall, OPMDs have a low risk for malignant transformation, yet the challenge is the difficulty to reliably identify and predict which patients with OPMDs are at the highest risk for malignant transformation. Future research is needed to elucidate the molecular aspects of OPMDs, to improve current diagnostic strategies, leading to personalized management.
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115
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Liang H, Yang Z, Wang JB, Yu P, Fan JH, Qiao YL, Taylor PR. Association between oral leukoplakia and risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer death: A follow-up study of the Linxian General Population Trial. Thorac Cancer 2017; 8:642-648. [PMID: 28929584 PMCID: PMC5707438 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to explore the association between oral leukoplakia (OL) and the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer death in the Linxian General Population Trial Cohort. Methods A prospective cohort study of the Linxian General Population Trial Cohort was performed. Participants with OL were treated as an exposed group, and the remainder was selected as a control group. All subjects were followed monthly by village health workers and reviewed quarterly by the Linxian Cancer Registry. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) were evaluated using proportional hazard and proportional subdistribution hazard models, respectively. Results Over a median of 27 years of observation, 29 476 subjects were followed‐up. A total of 17 473 deaths occurred, including 2345 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), 1139 gastric cardia carcinoma, and 506 gastric non‐cardia carcinoma deaths. Significant increased ESCC mortality was observed in subjects with OL (exposed 9.66% vs. unexposed 7.39%; P < 0.0001). Furthermore, subjects with OL had a 22% higher risk of death from ESCC (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10–1.34; P = 0.0001) after adjusted covariates. In subjects aged ≤52 at the baseline, OL was significantly associated with an elevated risk of ESCC mortality (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.13–1.54; P = 0.0005). No significant associations were observed for gastric cardia carcinoma and non‐cardia carcinoma mortality. Conclusions OL may increase the risk of ESCC mortality, especially in the younger population. These associations should be investigated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Bing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Hu Fan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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116
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Ribeiro IP, Marques F, Barroso L, Rodrigues J, Caramelo F, Melo JB, Carreira IM. Genomic profile of oral squamous cell carcinomas with an adjacent leukoplakia or with an erythroleukoplakia that evolved after the treatment of primary tumor: A report of two cases. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6780-6786. [PMID: 28901451 PMCID: PMC5865835 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral leukoplakia and erythroleukoplakia are common oral potentially malignant disorders diagnosed in the oral cavity. The specific outcome of these lesions remains to be elucidated, as their malignant transformation rate exhibits great variation. The ability to predict which of those potentially malignant lesions are likely to progress to cancer would be vital to guide their future clinical management. The present study reported two patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma: Case study 1 was diagnosed with a simultaneous leukoplakia and case study 2 developed an erythroleukoplakia following the primary tumor treatment. Whole genome copy number alterations were analyzed using array comparative genomic hybridization. The present study determined more genomic imbalances in the tissues from leukoplakia and erythroleukoplakia compared with their respective tumors. The present study also identified in tumor and potentially malignant lesions common alterations of chromosomal regions and genes, including FBXL5, UGT2B15, UGT2B28, KANSL1, GSTT1 and DUSP22, being some of these typical aberrations described in oral cancer and others are linked to chemoradioresistance. Several putative genes associated with hallmarks of malignancy that may have an important role in predicting the progression of leukoplakia and erythroleukoplakia to squamous cell carcinoma, namely gains in BNIPL, MCL1, STAG2, CSPP1 and ZNRF3 genes were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilda P Ribeiro
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Marques
- Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Leonor Barroso
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, EPE, 3000‑075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Rodrigues
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Caramelo
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana B Melo
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel M Carreira
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
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SERS Investigation of Cancer Cells Treated with PDT: Quantification of Cell Survival and Follow-up. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7175. [PMID: 28775257 PMCID: PMC5543153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) data recorded from mouse mammary glands cancer cells (4T1 cell line) was used to assess information regarding differences between control, death and viable cells after Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) treatment. The treatment used nanoemulsions (NE/PS) loaded with different chloroaluminumphthalocyanine (ClAlP) photosensitizer (PS) contents (5 and 10 µmol × L−1) and illumination (660 nm wavelength) at 10 J × cm−2 (10 minutes). The SERS data revealed significant molecular alterations in proteins and lipids due to the PDT treatment. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to analyze the data recorded. Three-dimensional and well reproductive PCA scatter plots were obtained, revealing that two clusters of dead cells were well separated from one another and from control cluster. Overlap between two clusters of viable cells was observed, though well separated from control cluster. Moreover, the data analysis also pointed out necrosis as the main cell death mechanism induced by the PDT, in agreement with the literature. Finally, Raman modes peaking at 608 cm−1 (proteins) and 1231 cm−1 (lipids) can be selected for follow up of survival rate of neoplastic cells after PDT. We envisage that this finding is key to contribute to a quick development of quantitative infrared thermography imaging.
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Prasad G, Seers C, Reynolds E, McCullough MJ. A panel of microRNAs can be used to determine oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2017; 46:940-948. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gareema Prasad
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Christine Seers
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Eric Reynolds
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Michael J. McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
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Nammour S, Zeinoun T, Namour A, Vanheusden A, Vescovi P. Evaluation of Different Laser-Supported Surgical Protocols for the Treatment of Oral Leukoplakia: A Long-Term Follow-Up. Photomed Laser Surg 2017; 35:629-638. [PMID: 28426376 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term success rate of oral leukoplakia treatments by using different laser-supported surgical protocols. PATIENTS AND METHODS Overall, 2347 diagnosed homogeneous oral leukoplakias were treated with CO2 laser and were included in this study. Different surgical protocols (P) were used: P1 (SV = superficial scanning) was a complete superficial vaporization of the leukoplakia by a scanning mode in two passages respecting an overlapping. Only the visible white area was treated in one surgical session independently of the lesion size. P2 (CR1x1) was a complete excision of the lesions until a tissular depth of 1 mm and 1 mm of surrounding healthy-like tissue were attained. The visible white area was treated in one surgical session independently of the lesion size. P3 (CR1x3) was a complete excision of the lesions until a minimum tissue depth of 1 mm and 3 mm of surrounding healthy-like tissue were obtained. The visible white area was treated in one surgical session independently of the lesion size. P4 (PR1x3) was similar to the third one, but for patient comfort, the large lesions of leukoplakias (lesion size higher than 20 mm), the complete surgical excision of the leukoplakia was performed in multiple sessions that were spaced by 1 month (partial surgical removal of 10 mm per session). All patients were recalled at 2 and 8 weeks after surgery, and then every 2 months during the first year, every 4 months during the second year, and once a year for the follow-up period of 6 years. A biopsy was done once a year during the follow-up period in the surgical site when needed. The control consisted of checking the nature and the aspect of the healed mucosa to exclude an eventual recurrence of leukoplakia. RESULTS The percentage of permanent success after 6 years of follow-up was 5.7%, 69.7%, 97.8%, and 71.9%, respectively, for the first surgical protocol (SV), the second (CR 1 × 1), the third (CR 1 × 3), and the fourth (PR 1 × 3). The appearance of malignant transformation after laser treatment (during the follow-up period of 6 years) was 20%, 1%, and 0.2%, respectively, for the groups treated by the following protocols: 1 (SV), 2 (CR 1 × 1), and 4 (PR 1 × 3). Only in the third group CR1x3, no dysplasia or malignant transformation was noted. On the contrary, the appearance of malignant transformation in failed treated cases was 21.21% for the protocol 1 (SV), 3% for the protocol 2 (CR 1 × 1), and 0.6% for the protocol 4 (PR 1 × 3). CONCLUSIONS The results of this long-term follow-up of treated patients with oral homogeneous leukoplakias pointed out that the surgical laser protocol respecting the complete excision of leukoplakias, in one session, by the removal of a minimum of 1 mm in lesion depth and 3 mm of surrounding healthy-like tissues (CR 1 × 3) offers significantly the highest success rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Nammour
- 1 Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium
| | - Toni Zeinoun
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University , Beirut, and Rafic Hariri university, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Amaury Namour
- 1 Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium
| | - Alain Vanheusden
- 1 Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium
| | - Paolo Vescovi
- 3 Unit of Oral Pathology and Medicine and Laser-assisted Oral Surgery, Department of ENT/Dental/Ophthalmological and Cervico-Facial Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
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Lejoy A, Arpita R, Krishna B, Venkatesh N. Methylene Blue as a Diagnostic Aid in the Early Detection of Potentially Malignant and Malignant Lesions of Oral Mucosa. Ethiop J Health Sci 2017; 26:201-8. [PMID: 27358540 PMCID: PMC4913187 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v26i3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo stains are the prompt resources, which have emerged in recent years to aid as clinical diagnostic tools in detecting early potentially malignant and malignant lesions. Toluidine blue, by its property of retaining in the increased DNA and RNA cellular activity areas, aids in delineating the suspicious areas. However, it is hazardous if swallowed, and has been shown to have toxicity to fibroblasts. Methylene blue has a similar chemical structure and exhibits similar physicochemical properties as toluidine blue. It is less toxic to the human body and has recently been proposed for screening some gastrointestinal or prostate tumors. The application of this material in detecting oral lesions has so far not been addressed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and reliability of in vivo staining with methylene blue as a diagnostic adjunct in screening for oral malignant or potentially malignant lesions. METHODS The present study involved the examination of 75 patients suspected of having oral malignant or potentially malignant lesions by methylene blue staining. The results of methylene blue uptake were compared with a simultaneous biopsy of these lesions. RESULTS The overall sensitivity was 95% (100% for malignancy and 92% for potentially malignant lesions) and specificity was 70%. The positive predictive value was 91% and negative predictive value of 80% was observed in the study. CONCLUSION We consider that methylene blue staining is a useful diagnostic adjunct in a large, community-based oral cancer screening program for high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Lejoy
- SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad
| | - Rai Arpita
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi
| | - Burde Krishna
- SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad
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Villa A, Woo SB. Leukoplakia—A Diagnostic and Management Algorithm. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 75:723-734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bienk Dias K, Pereira Costa Flores A, Gaiger Oliveira M, Varvaki Rados P, Sant'ana Filho M. Predictive value of p63, ki-67, and survivin expression in oral leukoplakia: A tissue microarray study. Microsc Res Tech 2017; 80:845-850. [PMID: 28346726 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of survivin, ki-67, and p63 in oral leukoplakic lesions, histopathologically differentiated into dysplastic and nondysplastic. A tissue microarray containing 57 samples of biopsies from clinically classified lesions, such as leukoplakia, was immunolabeled for survivin, ki-67, and p63. Samples were scored for percentage of positively stained. Scores were designated as follows: low = less than 25% of positive cells; and high = more than 25% of positive cells. On performing histopathological diagnosis, 20 dysplastic lesions and 37 nondysplastic lesions were seen, in which female patients (56.1%) were predominant with an average age of 58.27 years. The study showed a high expression of 37.5% for survivin, 43.7% for ki-67, and 88.2% for p63 in dysplastic lesions. However, there was a high expression of 16.7% for survivin, 16.7% for ki-67, and 92% for p63 in nondysplastic lesions. There is a positive correlation of expression among the three antibodies. In the association of immunoreactivity, in both dysplastic and nondysplastic lesions, increased expression of survivin reflects on the increased expression of ki-67, and there is an overexpression of p63. In leukoplakia, the expression of survivin associated with that of ki-67 reinforces the assumption that all these lesions are potentially malignant, regardless of histopathology; and the overexpression of p63 may indicate carcinogenic potential. These findings may help in the treatment of patients with this type of lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Bienk Dias
- Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Manoel Sant'ana Filho
- Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Yagyuu T, Hatakeyama K, Imada M, Kurihara M, Matsusue Y, Yamamoto K, Obayashi C, Kirita T. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and tumor microenvironment: Implications for patients with oral precancerous lesions. Oral Oncol 2017; 68:36-43. [PMID: 28438290 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer immunoediting represents a relatively novel concept attempting to explain the process of tumor escape from the host immune system response. Here, we attempted to elucidate the role of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), the tumor microenvironment, and tumor escape mechanisms that allow malignant transformation of oral precancerous lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with oral precancerous lesions managed at the Nara Medical University Hospital, Japan, (n=120) were enrolled in this study. Epithelial dysplasias were graded by experienced pathologists, and subepithelial PD-L1-, CD163-, and CD8-positive cells were counted in the superficial lamina propria of oral mucosa. Epithelial PD-L1 expression was evaluated according to the staining intensity. The association of clinicopathological factors with epithelial dysplasia, malignant-free survival time, and significance of risk factors for malignant transformation were determined. RESULTS Multivariate analysis showed that the subepithelial CD163-positive cell count was the only significant risk factor for high-grade epithelial dysplasia (P<0.001), while subepithelial CD163- and PD-L1-positive cell counts, and epithelial PD-L1 positivity were significantly associated with malignant-free survival (P=0.004, 0.04, and <0.001, respectively). Subepithelial PD-L1-positive cell count and epithelial PD-L1 positivity were significantly associated with malignant transformation (P=0.01 and 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that PD-L1-expressing dysplastic epithelial and recruited subepithelial cells in oral precancerous legions may evade the host immune system, and that the inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway may potentially prevent malignant transformation of oral precancerous legions as well as can treat advanced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yagyuu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Kinta Hatakeyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Imada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Miyako Kurihara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yumiko Matsusue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Chiho Obayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Kirita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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Lin CY, Young YH. Effect of betel nut chewing on the otolithic reflex system. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:138-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sathiasekar AC, Mathew DG, Jaish Lal MS, Arul Prakash AA, Goma Kumar KU. Oral Field Cancerization and Its Clinical Implications in the Management in Potentially Malignant Disorders. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2017; 9:S23-S25. [PMID: 29284929 PMCID: PMC5731019 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_109_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the common malignancies reported in India. Most of these cancers are preceded by potentially malignant disorders. Despite improvements in the management strategies of these cancers the posttreatment prognosis has remained poor. The 5-year survival rates of oral cancers in most countries are still below 50%. The poor outcomes in oral cancer prevention and treatment can be due to nature of the spread of genetically altered cells as fields within the epithelial compartment. The conventional management protocols need to be modified taking into consideration the field spread of genetically altered cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepu George Mathew
- Department of Oral Pathology, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M S Jaish Lal
- Department of Oral Pathology, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A A Arul Prakash
- Department of Oral Pathology, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K U Goma Kumar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Gupta S, Ghosh S, Gupta S, Sakhuja P. Effect of curcumin on the expression of p53, transforming growth factor-β, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in oral submucous fibrosis: A pilot study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 8. [PMID: 27989010 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of the present study was to find out the expression of p53, transforming growth factor-β TGF-β), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), proteins implicated in its pathophysiology, as well as malignant transformation. We also sought to determine the effect of curcumin on the expression of these markers through immunohistochemistry. METHODS The expression of p53, TGF-β, and iNOS was evaluated through immunohistochemistry in 28 patients with OSMF before and after treatment with curcumin. Expression was evaluated semiquantitatively using a four-point scale based on the percentage of cells showing positive staining. RESULTS The expression of p53, TGF-β, and iNOS in OSMF was found to be statistically significant (P<.05). After therapy with curcumin, a decrease in the expression of p53, TGF-β, and iNOS was seen in 25%, 32.1%, and 32.1% of the samples, respectively; however, the difference in pretreatment and post-treatment expressions was not found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION The present finding suggest that curcumin could have an effect on the expression of p53, iNOS, and TGF-β in OSMF, and thus, could prove to be an effective chemopreventive agent for its management. The increased expression of p53, TGF-β, and iNOS in OSMF is suggestive of the role of these markers in its pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Gupta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunita Gupta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Puja Sakhuja
- Department of Pathology, Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Cheng R, Li D, Shi X, Gao Q, Wei C, Li X, Li Y, Zhou H. Reduced CX3CL1 Secretion Contributes to the Susceptibility of Oral Leukoplakia-Associated Fibroblasts to Candida albicans. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:150. [PMID: 27891323 PMCID: PMC5104956 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida leukoplakia (OLK) is a kind of oral leukoplakia combined with chronic candidal infection, which plays an important role in the malignant transformation of OLK. However, little is known about the etiology, including susceptibility of leukoplakia to candidal adhesion, invasion and infection. Some antimicrobial peptides secreted by oral epithelial cells or fibroblasts potentially have antifungal activities against Candida albicans (C. albicans). In this study, we established three co-culture models to simulate different C. albicans-fibroblasts interactions during progression of candida leukoplakia. The susceptibility of oral leukoplakia-associated fibroblasts (LKAFs) to C. albicans and its underlying mechanism were determined. Samples of 14 LKAFs and 10 normal fibroblasts (NFs) were collected. The co-culture models showed that LKAFs had promoted the adhesion, invasion, and survival of C. albicans compared with NFs. CX3CL1, a chemokine with antifungal activity, was less abundant in LKAFs than NFs. Overexpression of CX3CL1 via transfection in LKAFs could partly restore the resistance to C. albicans. We also showed that inhibition of ERK could suppress CX3CL1 secretion. While phosphor-ERK was inhibited in LKAFs compared with NFs. Besides, the mRNA expression of a shedding enzyme for CX3CL1, disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain (ADAM) 17 was decreased in LKAFs than NFs. In conclusion, LKAFs produced and secreted less CX3CL1 by inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway, thereby contributing to impaired cell resistance to C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Duo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China; Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Xueke Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Qinghong Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Changlei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
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Mian SA, Yorucu C, Ullah MS, Rehman IU, Colley HE. Raman spectroscopy can discriminate between normal, dysplastic and cancerous oral mucosa: a tissue-engineering approach. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:3253-3262. [PMID: 27860386 DOI: 10.1002/term.2234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. Squamous cell carcinoma, the primary cause of HNC, evolves from normal epithelium through dysplasia before invading the connective tissue to form a carcinoma. However, less than 18% of suspicious oral lesions progress to cancer, with diagnosis currently relying on histopathological evaluation, which is invasive and time consuming. A non-invasive, real-time, point-of-care method could overcome these problems and facilitate regular screening. Raman spectroscopy is a non-invasive optical technique with the ability to extract molecular level information to help determine the functional groups present in a tissue and the molecular conformations of tissue constituents. In the present study, Raman spectroscopy was assessed for its ability to discriminate between normal, dysplastic and HNC. Tissue engineered models of normal, dysplastic and HNC were constructed using normal oral keratinocytes, dysplastic and HNC cell lines, and their biochemical content predicted by interpretation of spectral characteristics. Spectral differences were evident in both the fingerprint (600/cm to 1800/cm) and high wave-number compartments (2800/cm to 3400/cm). Visible differences were seen in peaks relating to lipid content (2881/cm), protein structure (amide I, amide III), several amino acids and nucleic acids (600/cm to 1003/cm). Multivariate data analysis algorithms successfully identified subtypes of dysplasia and cancer, suggesting that Raman spectroscopy not only has the potential to differentiate between normal, pre-malignant and cancerous tissue models but could also be sensitive enough to detect subtypes of dysplasia or cancer on the basis of their subcellular differences. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman A Mian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ceyla Yorucu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Muhammad Saad Ullah
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ihtesham U Rehman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen E Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Kharadi UAR, Onkar S, Birangane R, Chaudhari S, Kulkarni A, Chaudhari R. Treatment of Oral Leukoplakia with Diode Laser: a Pilot Study on Indian Subjects. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:8383-6. [PMID: 26745089 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.18.8383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the safety, convenience and effectiveness of 940nm diode laser for treatment of homogenous leukoplakia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten patients having homogenous leukoplakia which were diagnosed clinically were selected from an Indian dental educational institution for the study. Toludine blue staining was applied locally over the lesion. The area where there was increased uptake of stain was excised using a 940 nm EZLASE TM diode laser (BIOLASE-USA). RESULTS Although various treatment modalities have been tried and the search continues for novel treatment modalities for complete removal of homogenous leukoplakia, from results of our preliminary pilot study it is clear that the use of 940 nm diode laser as a treatment modality for homogenous leukoplakia is a good substitute. Healing was perfect without any complication within a duration of 1 month. Pain intensity was also mild and absolutely zero on the VAS scale after 1 month follow up. CONCLUSIONS 940 nm diode lasers are safe and can be effectively used as a treatment modality of homogenous leukoplakia, without any complication and without compromising health and oral function of patients. Considering recurrence factor, long term follow up for patients is a must.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama A Rashid Kharadi
- Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Radiology, P.D.U Dental College And Hospital,Solapur, Solapur, India E-mail :
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Krishnan L, Karpagaselvi K, Kumarswamy J, Sudheendra US, Santosh KV, Patil A. Inter- and intra-observer variability in three grading systems for oral epithelial dysplasia. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2016; 20:261-8. [PMID: 27601820 PMCID: PMC4989558 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.185928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Management of oral premalignant lesions depends on clinical assessment and grading of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), which remains one of the most important predictors of malignant potential. Numerous grading systems for OED exists with varying sets of assessing criteria and are largely considered subjective. The present study attempted to assess the inter- and intra-observer variability in three grading systems: Binary system, WHO (2005) and Ljubljana systems. Methodology: Histopathological grading of 63 cases of leukoplakia was performed by two oral pathologists and one general pathologist, who were blinded, using all the three grading systems at different time intervals and was repeated twice. Inter- and intra-observer variability was then evaluated by multivariate kappa analysis. Results: Inter-observer agreement in the two set of observations was found to be “slight” in WHO (k = 0.001 and 0.039), “slight” and “poor” in binary (k = 0.108 and −0.007), “poor” and “slight” in Ljubljana's (k = −0.027 and 0.106) grading systems. Intra-observer agreement ranged from “slight” to “fair” (k = 0.128 and 0.295) in WHO, “fair” to “moderate” (k = 0.224 and 0.420) in binary and “slight” to “fair” (k = 0.161 and −0.353) in Ljubljana's grading systems. Conclusions: The binary system of classification proved to have an overall better inter- and intra-observer agreement. This study also showed better intra-observer agreement in all the grading systems as well as in individual histopathological parameters. Defining the individual parameters more objectively with the reproducible structuring of the grading systems and training of the pathologists would help reduce the variability in diagnosing dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karuppiah Karpagaselvi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jayalakshmi Kumarswamy
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bengaluru, India
| | - U S Sudheendra
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, India
| | - K V Santosh
- Department of Pathology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bengaluru, India
| | - Archana Patil
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bengaluru, India
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Chen HC, Tseng YK, Chi CC, Chen YH, Yang CM, Huang SJ, Lee YC, Liou HH, Tsai KW, Ger LP. Genetic variants in microRNA-146a (C>G) and microRNA-1269b (G>C) are associated with the decreased risk of oral premalignant lesions, oral cancer, and pharyngeal cancer. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 72:21-32. [PMID: 27525378 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationships between two single-nucleotide polymorphisms at miR-146a C>G (rs2910164) and miR-1269b G>C (rs7210937) and the risk of developing oral premalignant lesions (OPLs), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), pharyngeal SCC (PSCC), and oral and pharyngeal SCC (OPSCC). DESIGN Genotyping of miR-146a C>G and miR-1269b G>C was performed in two case-control studies using the TaqMan assay. A total of 197 healthy control subjects, 241 OPLs patients, and 188 OPSCC patients who habitually chewed betel quid (BQ) were recruited into one case-control study. Additionally, 668 cancer-free control subjects and 658 OPSCC patients were recruited into the other case-control study. RESULTS The G/G genotype at miR-146a C>G was associated with the decreased risk of OSCC [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=0.66, P=0.040], PSCC (AOR=0.42, P=0.013), and OPSCC (AOR=0.63, P=0.020). Additionally, the C allelic type and C/C genotype at miR-1269b G>C decreased the risk of BQ-related oral leukoplakia (C vs. G: AOR=0.68, P=0.012;C/C vs. G/G: AOR=0.43, P=0.009), BQ-related OPLs (C vs. G: AOR=0.69, P=0.008;C/C vs. G/G: AOR=0.44, P=0.005), and BQ-related OPSCC (C vs. G: AOR=0.65, P=0.003;C/C vs. G/G: AOR=0.47, P=0.011). In OPSCC patients, the G/G genotype of miR-146a was correlated with well-differentiated cells (P=0.041), and the G/C and C/C genotypes of miR-1269b were correlated with the absence of lymph node involvement (P=0.031), especially in OSCC patients (P=0.038 and P=0.007, respectively). CONCLUSION The genetic variants of miR-146a and miR-1269b are biomarkers against the development of OPLs and OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chih Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dental Technology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Tseng
- Department of Orthopedics, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chuan Chi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Mei Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dental Technology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Jhih Huang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Lee
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Han Liou
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wang Tsai
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Biology, National Pingtung University of Education, Pingtung, Taiwan.
| | - Luo-Ping Ger
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Harrandah AM, Fitzpatrick SG, Smith MH, Wang D, Cohen DM, Chan EKL. MicroRNA-375 as a biomarker for malignant transformation in oral lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016; 122:743-752.e1. [PMID: 27720656 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Malignant transformation of oral premalignant lesions is the key process in the progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Previously, we identified miR-7 and miR-21 as candidate oncogenes and miR-375 and miR-494 as candidate tumor suppressors in OSCC. We aim to evaluate these microRNAs as biomarkers of malignant transformation in oral premalignant lesions. STUDY DESIGN Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples from progressive premalignant lesions and paired sequential OSCC tumors at the same site were obtained from same patients (n = 31). Total RNA was extracted and analyzed for microRNA levels using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS MiR-375 expression in progressive lesions was clearly lower than in nonprogressive control lesions (average eightfold difference, P = .0004). Furthermore, the expression of miR-375 decreased significantly after the progression from premalignant lesion to OSCC (P < .0001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that miR-375 was able to differentiate between progressive and nonprogressive premalignant lesions (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS MiR-375 downregulation in oral premalignant lesions is associated with a higher risk of malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani M Harrandah
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah G Fitzpatrick
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Molly H Smith
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dunrui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Donald M Cohen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Edward K L Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Gopinath D, Thannikunnath BV, Neermunda SF. Prevalence of Carcinomatous Foci in Oral Leukoplakia: A Clinicopathologic Study of 546 Indian Samples. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC78-83. [PMID: 27656569 PMCID: PMC5028553 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/16815.8305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral Leukoplakia (OL), the most common potentially malignant disorder, is diagnosed clinically on the basis of exclusion of other lesions. In a country like India, where prevalence of oral cancer is very high, the issue of carcinomatous foci within OL at the time of initial diagnosis of leukoplakia has never been addressed before. AIM To estimate the prevalence and risk factors for epithelial dysplasia as well as carcinoma within OL lesions at the time of initial clinical presentation in an Indian population with high prevalence of tobacco use. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical and pathologic data (age, sex, lesion location and histopathologic grading) of 546 cases of leukoplakia were analyzed. The prevalence rate of dysplasia and carcinoma in 546 oral leukoplakia cases was calculated. Univariate analysis was performed to examine risk factors associated with the presence of carcinoma and dysplasia within the lesions. RESULTS The male to female ratio in this study was 2:1. Majority of the patients irrespective of sex had a history of tobacco use. Of the total 85% of non-homogeneous lesions and 70% for the homogeneous lesions were illustrating, features of epithelial dysplasia. The prevalence rate of carcinoma was 11.9%. In univariate analysis it was found that lesion site, clinical appearance, tobacco use were strongly correlated with the presence of carcinoma within OL. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that majority of leukoplakia irrespective of its clinical appearance contain a dysplastic component and significant proportion contains carcinomatous foci. Lesions with certain features are more prone to have carcinomatous foci. However there is always a chance of finding foci of carcinoma in OL anywhere in the oral cavity. Therefore, excision biopsy is always mandatory before long term follow-up and treatment is planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Gopinath
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre Edappal, Malappuram, Kerala, India
| | - Beena Valappil Thannikunnath
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Government Dental College, Kottayam, Kerala, India
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Camisasca DR, da Rós Gonçalves L, Soares MR, Sandim V, Nogueira FCS, Garcia CHS, Santana R, de Oliveira SP, Buexm LA, de Faria PAS, Dias FL, Pereira DDA, Zingali RB, Alves G, Lourenço SQC. A proteomic approach to compare saliva from individuals with and without oral leukoplakia. J Proteomics 2016; 151:43-52. [PMID: 27478070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral leukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant disorder in the oral cavity and can precede carcinoma. This study aimed to identify possible oral leukoplakia salivary biomarkers. METHODS Unstimulated saliva was collected from participants and protein concentration was determined. Proteins were then precipitated with cold acetone and separated using 2DE over a pH range of 3-10. Spot demarcation and matching were performed and protein identification was done through MS analysis. Oral leukoplakia tissues were submitted to immunohistochemistry analysis for keratin 10 (CK10). A complementary analysis of oral leukoplakias that were not included previously was performed in addition. RESULTS 226±10 spots were identified in oral leukoplakia 2DE gels, and 262±12 spots were identified in volunteers. Twenty-two spots were highly abundant in oral leukoplakias or not detected in the control group, such as apolipoprotein A1, alpha amylase, cystatins, keratin 10, and lysozyme precursor. All were identified. All oral leukoplakia cases were immunopositive for CK10, mainly in the superficial epithelial layers. CONCLUSIONS The 2DE salivary protein profiles of individuals with and without oral leukoplakia were observably different. CK10 appears to be an interesting protein and should be further studied in oral carcinogenesis. SIGNIFICANCE MS-based proteomics enables large-scale analysis of proteins. Proteomics can provide detailed descriptions of proteomes of cells and tissues, including body fluids, and appears as a powerful tool to study human disorders. Saliva is readily accessible through non invasive collection and can mirror diverse disease states. Saliva from both diseased and healthy subjects can be analyzed through 2DE and differences between groups could be found. Routine immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed one of these findings, with CK10 being positive tissues from individuals with oral leukoplakia. Therefore, the present study allows insights into development of an important potential oral cancer precursor, named oral leukoplakia. However, the results can be extrapolated and tested in other precancer states, such as proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, patients at risk of oral cancer due to lifestyle behavior and/or cancer history in the family or even those who are under surveillance after a treated primary oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Resende Camisasca
- Oral Pathology, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), R. Marques de Paraná, 303/4° andar (Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro), Centro Niterói, Brazil, CEP: 24033-900.
| | - Lorena da Rós Gonçalves
- Serviço de Hematologia, Laboratório de Genética Aplicada, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Hospital do Câncer I, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23 - 6° andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, CEP: 20230-130.
| | - Márcia Regina Soares
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Athos daSilveira, 149/541, Cidade Universitária, Rio deJaneiro, RJ, Brazil, CEP: 21941-909.
| | - Vanessa Sandim
- Serviço de Hematologia, Laboratório de Genética Aplicada, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Hospital do Câncer I, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23 - 6° andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, CEP: 20230-130; Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos e Unidade de Espectrometria de Massas e Proteômica, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS Bloco H2 sala 04, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, CEP 21941-902.
| | - Fábio César Sousa Nogueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Athos daSilveira, 149/541, Cidade Universitária, Rio deJaneiro, RJ, Brazil, CEP: 21941-909.
| | - Carlos Henrique Saraiva Garcia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Athos daSilveira, 149/541, Cidade Universitária, Rio deJaneiro, RJ, Brazil, CEP: 21941-909.
| | - Rodrigo Santana
- Serviço de Hematologia, Laboratório de Genética Aplicada, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Hospital do Câncer I, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23 - 6° andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, CEP: 20230-130.
| | - Silvia Paula de Oliveira
- Odontoclínica Central do Exército (OCEX), Praça da República, 123 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, CEP: 20211-340.
| | - Luisa Aguirre Buexm
- Oncology Graduate Program, Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, Research Center, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37, 6° andar, Centro, 20231-050 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Antônio Silvestre de Faria
- Pathology Division (Divisão de Patologia), Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rua Cordeiro da Graça, 156, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, CEP:20220-400.
| | - Fernando Luiz Dias
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Hospital do Câncer I, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23 - 6°andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, CEP:20230-130.
| | - Denise de Abreu Pereira
- Serviço de Hematologia, Laboratório de Genética Aplicada, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Hospital do Câncer I, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23 - 6° andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, CEP: 20230-130.
| | - Russolina B Zingali
- Rede Proteômica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos e Unidade de Espectrometria de Massas e Proteômica, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS Bloco H2 sala 04, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, CEP 21941-902.
| | - Gilda Alves
- Serviço de Hematologia, Laboratório de Genética Aplicada, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Hospital do Câncer I, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23 - 6° andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, CEP: 20230-130.
| | - Simone Queiroz Chaves Lourenço
- Oral Pathology, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), R. Marques de Paraná, 303/4° andar (Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro), Centro Niterói, Brazil, CEP: 24033-900.
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Al-Dhohorah T, Mashrah M, Yao Z, Huang J. Aberrant DKK3 expression in the oral leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis: a comparative immunohistochemical study. Eur J Histochem 2016; 60:2629. [PMID: 27349317 PMCID: PMC4933828 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2016.2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess and compare the expression of Dickkopf homolog 3 (DKK3), a possible tumor suppressor gene (TSG), in oral leukoplakia (OLK) and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) using immunohistochemistry. Seventy-five cases of normal oral mucosa (NOM), OLK, OSF, and squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were studied. DKK3 was expressed in all cases of NOM, OLK and OSCC. There was steady increases in the percentage of the positive cells progressing toward OSCC. The expression was localized in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of cell affected by OLK with mild dysplasia and OLK with severe dysplasia. No significant association was observed between DKK3 expression and dysplastic status of OLK. Loss of DKK3 expression was observed in 15 of 30 cases in the OSF group, which was significantly associated with histological grade of OSF (P<0.0001). The percentage of positive cells gradually declined with the increasing severity of epithelial atrophy. A significant difference (P<0.01) was observed when comparing DKK3 expression among different groups of OLK and OSF cases. DKK3 may have diverse expressions in oral premalignant lesions. Loss of DKK3 expression in dysplastic/advanced stage of OSF may imply a high risk of progression to oral cancer.
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In Silico Approach for SAR Analysis of the Predicted Model of DEPDC1B: A Novel Target for Oral Cancer. Adv Bioinformatics 2016; 2016:3136024. [PMID: 27034663 PMCID: PMC4789359 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3136024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
With the incidence rate of oral carcinogenesis increasing in the Southeast-Asian countries, due to increase in the consumption of tobacco and betel quid as well as infection from human papillomavirus, specifically type 16, it becomes crucial to predict the transition of premalignant lesion to cancerous tissue at an initial stage in order to control the process of oncogenesis. DEPDC1B, downregulated in the presence of E2 protein, was recently found to be overexpressed in oral cancer, which can possibly be explained by the disruption of the E2 open reading frame upon the integration of viral genome into the host genome. DEPDC1B mediates its effect by directly interacting with Rac1 protein, which is known to regulate important cell signaling pathways. Therefore, DEPDC1B can be a potential biomarker as well as a therapeutic target for diagnosing and curing the disease. However, the lack of 3D model of the structure makes the utilization of DEPDC1B as a therapeutic target difficult. The present study focuses on the prediction of a suitable 3D model of the protein as well as the analysis of protein-protein interaction between DEPDC1B and Rac1 protein using PatchDock web server along with the identification of allosteric or regulatory sites of DEPDC1B.
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Kalavrezos N, Scully C. Mouth Cancer for Clinicians Part 6: Potentially Malignant Disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 42:866-8, 871-4, 877. [PMID: 26749794 DOI: 10.12968/denu.2015.42.9.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A MEDLINE search early in 2015 revealed more than 250,000 papers on head and neck cancer; over 100,000 on oral cancer; and over 60,000 on mouth cancer. Not all publications contain robust evidence. We endeavour to encapsulate the most important of the latest information and advances now employed in practice, in a form comprehensible to healthcare workers, patients and their carers. This series offers the primary care dental team, in particular, an overview of the aetiopathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis and multidisciplinary care of mouth cancer, the functional and psychosocial implications, and minimization of the impact on the quality of life of patient and family. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This article offers the dental team an overview of oral potentially malignant disorders.
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Maloth KN, Velpula N, Kodangal S, Sangmesh M, Vellamchetla K, Ugrappa S, Meka N. Photodynamic Therapy - A Non-invasive Treatment Modality for Precancerous Lesions. J Lasers Med Sci 2016; 7:30-6. [PMID: 27330695 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2016.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral premalignant lesions are conditions having high potential tendency for transformation into malignancy. The use of a conservative and effective treatment modality is one of the best strategies for cancer prevention. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive method for topical and selective treatment of oral precancerous lesions. The present study was taken up to determine the efficacy of PDT in oral precancerous lesions. METHODS The study consisted 13 patients with 24 oral leukoplakia (OL) lesions and 8 with 20 oral lichen planus (OLP) lesions, divided into control and study groups. These lesions were affecting various intraoral sites, the buccal mucosa being the most common site followed by tongue and gingiva. The treatment regimen of PDT included 98% 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) which is topical applied and irradiated with light emitting diode (LED) of 420 nm wavelengths at several sessions. RESULTS In OL 16.6% of cases showed complete response, 66.6% partial response and 16.6% no response of the lesions to the treatment. In OLP 80% and 20% of the lesions showed partial and no response respectively. The differences with control groups for OL + OLP were found to be significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Based on the results of the present study, we can conclude that PDT appears to be a feasible alternative to conventional therapy for oral premalignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotya Naik Maloth
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Mamata Dental College and Hospital, Khammam, Telangana, India
| | - Nagalaxmi Velpula
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Sai College Of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana, India
| | - Srikanth Kodangal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Sai College Of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mithare Sangmesh
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, HKDE Trust's Dental College and Hospital, Humnabad, India
| | - Kiran Vellamchetla
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Clinical Practitioner, Kiran Dental Hospital, KPHB Colony, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sridevi Ugrappa
- Lecturer, Faculty Of Dentistry, Aimst Dental Institute, Aimst University, Semeling, 08100, Bedong, Malaysia
| | - Nagajyothi Meka
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dr. Hedgewar Smruti Runga Seva Mandals Dental College and Hospital, Hingoli, Maharashtra, India
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Datta S, Ray A, Roy R, Roy B. Association of DNA sequence variation in mitochondrial DNA polymerase with mitochondrial DNA synthesis and risk of oral cancer. Gene 2016; 575:650-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kang J, He Y, Hetzl D, Jiang HQ, Jun MK, Jun MS, Khng M, Cirillo N, McCullough MJ. A Candid Assessment of the Link between Oral <i>Candida</i> Containing Biofilms and Oral Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2016.62012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hameed KS, Banumathi A, Ulaganathan G. Performance evaluation of maximal separation techniques in immunohistochemical scoring of tissue images. Micron 2015; 79:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Geetha KM, Leeky M, Narayan TV, Sadhana S, Saleha J. Grading of oral epithelial dysplasia: Points to ponder. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2015; 19:198-204. [PMID: 26604497 PMCID: PMC4611929 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.164533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Over the years many grading systems have been put forward in an attempt to obtain objectivity in grading oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). However, despite these efforts variability remains unresolved. Our study aimed to evaluate the intra- and inter-observer variability in grading OED, using World Health Organization (WHO), Smith and Pindborg and Ljubljana grading systems and discuss the possible reasons for this variability if any. Materials and Methods: Three oral pathologists graded 50 slides of OED independently twice at a time interval of 3 months. Variability was evaluated by multivariate kappa analysis. Results: Intra-observer reproducibility ranged from moderate to good in WHO system, fair to moderate in Smith and Pindborg system and moderate to poor in Ljubljana grading system. Inter-observer agreement was found to be fair in WHO, poor in Smith and Pindborg system and poor to fair in Ljubljana grading systems. Intra-observer reproducibility of the dysplastic features in WHO system was good for all except the loss of polarity and basilar hyperplasia for first observer and enlarged nucleoli for the third observer. Inter-observer agreement was good for increased number of mitosis and nuclear hyperchromatism. Intra-observer reproducibility and inter-observer agreement were found to be best in the WHO grading system though variability within this system still existed. Conclusion: There is a need for an International body of pathologists to come to a consensus on a more definable grading system to resolve the issue of variability in grading dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Geetha
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Mamata Dental College, Giriprasad Nagar, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - M Leeky
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, The Oxford Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - T V Narayan
- Private Dental Practitioner, Impressions Dental Care, No. 102, Elegant Desire, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S Sadhana
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, The Oxford Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - J Saleha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, The Oxford Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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143
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Castagnola P, Zoppoli G, Gandolfo S, Monticone M, Malacarne D, Cirmena G, Brown D, Aiello C, Maffei M, Marino R, Giaretti W, Pentenero M. Genomic DNA Copy Number Aberrations, Histological Diagnosis, Oral Subsite and Aneuploidy in OPMDs/OSCCs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142294. [PMID: 26540282 PMCID: PMC4634987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) characterized by the presence of dysplasia and DNA copy number aberrations (CNAs), may reflect chromosomal instability (CIN) and predispose to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Early detection of OPMDs with such characteristics may play a crucial role in OSCC prevention. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between CNAs, histological diagnosis, oral subsite and aneuploidy in OPMDs/OSCCs. Samples from OPMDs and OSCCs were processed by high-resolution DNA flow cytometry (hr DNA-FCM) to determine the relative nuclear DNA content. Additionally, CNAs were obtained for a subset of these samples by genome-wide array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) using DNA extracted from either diploid or aneuploid nuclei suspension sorted by FCM. Our study shows that: i) aneuploidy, global genomic imbalance (measured as the total number of CNAs) and specific focal CNAs occur early in the development of oral cancer and become more frequent at later stages; ii) OPMDs limited to tongue (TNG) mucosa display a higher frequency of aneuploidy compared to OPMDs confined to buccal mucosa (BM) as measured by DNA-FCM; iii) TNG OPMDs/OSCCs show peculiar features of CIN compared to BM OPMDs/OSCCs given the preferential association with total broad and specific focal CNA gains. Follow-up studies are warranted to establish whether the presence of DNA aneuploidy and specific focal or broad CNAs may predict cancer development in non-dysplastic OPMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriele Zoppoli
- IRCCS AOU - San Martino -IST, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sergio Gandolfo
- Department of Oncology, Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | - David Brown
- J.-C. Heuson Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Massimo Maffei
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Marino
- Department of Oncology, Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Monica Pentenero
- Department of Oncology, Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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144
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Villa A, Gohel A. Oral potentially malignant disorders in a large dental population. J Appl Oral Sci 2015; 22:473-6. [PMID: 25591015 PMCID: PMC4307758 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Oral cancer (OC) may be preceded by clinically evident oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Oral carcinogenesis is a multistep process that begins as epithelial hyperplasia and progresses to oral epithelial dysplasia and finally to fully malignant phenotypes. The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of OPMDs in a large population of dental patients. Methods Patients were seen in the Oral Diagnosis and Oral Medicine clinics at Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine between July 2013 and February 2014 and received a comprehensive oral examination to identify any possible mucosal lesions. Patients with a suspected OPMD (submucous fibrosis, oral lichen planus, leukoplakia and erythroplakia) that did not resolve in 2–3 weeks received a biopsy for definitive diagnosis. Logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between OPMDs and associated risk factors. Results A total of 3,142 patients received a comprehensive oral examination [median age: 43 (range: 18–97); 54.3% females]. Among these, 4.5% had an oral mucosal lesion with 0.9% being an OPMD (one submucous fibrosis, three epithelial dysplasias, fourteen with hyperkeratosis/epithelial hyperplasia and nine with oral lichen planus). Males and current smokers were associated with higher odds of having OPMD (OR 1.7, 95% CI 0.8–3.8; OR 1.9, 95%CI 0.8–4.1). Increasing age was associated with having OPMDs (p<0.01). Conclusion Optimal oral visual screening for OC remains a simple and essential tool to identify any suspicious lesions and potentially increase survival. Although OPMDs were rare, our results confirm the importance of a thorough chairside screening by dentists and dental students to detect any mucosal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Villa
- Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anita Gohel
- Department of General Dentistry, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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145
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Datta S, Ray A, Singh R, Mondal P, Basu A, De Sarkar N, Majumder M, Maiti G, Baral A, Jha GN, Mukhopadhyay I, Panda C, Chowdhury S, Ghosh S, Roychoudhury S, Roy B. Sequence and expression variations in 23 genes involved in mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial apoptotic pathways and risk of oral leukoplakia and cancer. Mitochondrion 2015; 25:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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146
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Goodson ML, Sloan P, Robinson CM, Cocks K, Thomson PJ. Oral precursor lesions and malignant transformation--who, where, what, and when? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 53:831-5. [PMID: 26388071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2015.08.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (PMD) are recognisable mucosal conditions that have an unpredictable risk of transformation to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a lethal and deforming disease of rising incidence. Contemporary management is based on clinical recognition of suspicious lesions and incisional biopsy to enable histopathological assessment and grading of dysplasia, together with excision of high-risk lesions and long-term surveillance. However, it is impossible to predict clinical outcome or risk of malignant transformation. Our aim was to evaluate the relevance of previously identified oral precursor lesions for the development of SCC and staging of disease. We therefore retrospectively reviewed 1248 cases of SCC diagnosed in oral and maxillofacial surgery units at Newcastle upon Tyne and Sunderland hospitals between 1996 and 2009. Of them, 58 identifiable precursor lesions became malignant but only 25 had been dysplastic on initial biopsy; 19 of 33 non-dysplastic lesions exhibited lichenoid inflammation only. SCC arose most often on the ventrolateral tongue and floor of the mouth, with a mean transformation time of 29.2 months. Transformation time was significantly shorter in men (p=0.018) and those over 70 years of age (p=0.010). Patients who consumed more than 21 units of alcohol/week and those who had had interventional laser surgery to treat precursor lesions, had higher-staged tumours (p=0.048). Although retrospective, this study shows that the results of incisional biopsy and grading of dysplasia have limited use as predictive tools, and supports the view that cancer may arise in the absence of recognisable epithelial dysplasia. Our findings confirm the importance of clinical vigilance and active surveillance in the management of all patients with clinically suspicious oral lesions, irrespective of the histological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Goodson
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4BW, UK
| | - P Sloan
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - C M Robinson
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - K Cocks
- KC Stats Consultancy, www.kcstats.co.uk
| | - P J Thomson
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4BW, UK.
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147
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Comparison of Immunohistochemical Expression of Antiapoptotic Protein Survivin in Normal Oral Mucosa, Oral Leukoplakia, and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. PATHOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:840739. [PMID: 26457223 PMCID: PMC4592734 DOI: 10.1155/2015/840739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most frequent malignant tumor worldwide and the third most common cancers in developing countries. Oral leukoplakia is the best-known precursor lesion of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of the present study was to compare immunohistochemical expression of antiapoptotic protein survivin in normal oral mucosa, oral leukoplakia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Method. Total 45 specimens of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks, 15 in each of the following: normal oral mucosa, leukoplakia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma were used for the study. Immunohistochemical reaction for survivin protein was performed for the 4 µm thick histological sections taken on positively charged slides. Results. 20% normal mucosa cases, 53.33% cases of leukoplakia, and 80% of oral squamous cell carcinoma were found out to be survivin positive. One way ANOVA test indicated statistically significant difference of survivin expression between the three different groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion. A high incidence of survivin protein expression in oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma samples indicate that survivin protein expression may be an early event in initiation and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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148
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Banerjee S, Pal M, Chakrabarty J, Petibois C, Paul RR, Giri A, Chatterjee J. Fourier-transform-infrared-spectroscopy based spectral-biomarker selection towards optimum diagnostic differentiation of oral leukoplakia and cancer. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:7935-43. [PMID: 26342309 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In search of specific label-free biomarkers for differentiation of two oral lesions, namely oral leukoplakia (OLK) and oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 47 human subjects (eight normal (NOM), 16 OLK, and 23 OSCC). Difference between mean spectra (DBMS), Mann-Whitney's U test, and forward feature selection (FFS) techniques were used for optimising spectral-marker selection. Classification of diseases was performed with linear and quadratic support vector machine (SVM) at 10-fold cross-validation, using different combinations of spectral features. It was observed that six features obtained through FFS enabled differentiation of NOM and OSCC tissue (1782, 1713, 1665, 1545, 1409, and 1161 cm(-1)) and were most significant, able to classify OLK and OSCC with 81.3 % sensitivity, 95.7 % specificity, and 89.7 % overall accuracy. The 43 spectral markers extracted through Mann-Whitney's U Test were the least significant when quadratic SVM was used. Considering the high sensitivity and specificity of the FFS technique, extracting only six spectral biomarkers was thus most useful for diagnosis of OLK and OSCC, and to overcome inter and intra-observer variability experienced in diagnostic best-practice histopathological procedure. By considering the biochemical assignment of these six spectral signatures, this work also revealed altered glycogen and keratin content in histological sections which could able to discriminate OLK and OSCC. The method was validated through spectral selection by the DBMS technique. Thus this method has potential for diagnostic cost minimisation for oral lesions by label-free biomarker identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satarupa Banerjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Mousumi Pal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Science and Research, 157/F Nilganj Road, Panihati, Kolkata, 700 114, India
| | | | - Cyril Petibois
- University of Bordeaux - Inserm U1029 LAMC - Biophysics of Vascular Plasticity, 33608, Pessac, France
| | - Ranjan Rashmi Paul
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Science and Research, 157/F Nilganj Road, Panihati, Kolkata, 700 114, India
| | - Amita Giri
- Department of Pathology, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Darjeeling, 734012, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Chatterjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
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149
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Kaur J, Jacobs R. Proinflammatory cytokine levels in oral lichen planus, oral leukoplakia, and oral submucous fibrosis. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 41:171-5. [PMID: 26339574 PMCID: PMC4558184 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2015.41.4.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to identify salivary and serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in patients with oral lichen planus, oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients selected included 54 oral lichen planus (41 to 65 years), 50 oral leukoplakia (42 to 65 years), 51 oral submucous fibrosis (41 to 65 years), and 50 healthy controls (42 to 65 years). Oral lichen planus, oral leukoplakia, and oral submucous fibrosis cases were diagnosed using histopathological analysis. Salivary and serum cytokine concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay kits in all subjects. RESULTS The levels of serum and salivary TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 were statistically significantly increased in oral leukoplakia, submucous fibrosis, and lichen planus in contrast to normal healthy subjects (P<0.05). Serum and salivary correlation analysis revealed strong and highly significant correlations for TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in all groups (r=0.72-0.82, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Salivary and serum cytokines were also elevated when analyzed in oral precancerous lesions. Thus, salivary and serum IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α levels might act as diagnostic markers for detection of oral precancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasdeep Kaur
- OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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150
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Gupta S, Jawanda MK, Arora V, Mehta N, Yadav V. Role of Lycopene in Preventing Oral Diseases as a Nonsurgical Aid of Treatment. Int J Prev Med 2015; 6:70. [PMID: 26330986 PMCID: PMC4542334 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.162311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Without pigments, we are nothing. Life presents us with a kaleidoscope of colors. From the green grass of home to a forest's ruddy autumn hues, we are surrounded by living colors. Living things obtain their colors, with few exceptions, from natural pigments. In addition to their role in coloration, natural pigments carry out a variety of important biological functions. Of the various classes of pigments in nature, the carotenoids are among the most widespread and important ones, especially due to their varied functions. Lycopene is a red plant pigment found in tomatoes, apricots, guavas, watermelons, papayas, and pink grapefruits, with tomatoes being the largest contributor to the dietary intake of humans. Lycopene exhibits higher singlet oxygen quenching ability. Due to its strong color and nontoxicity, it is a useful food coloring agent. Moreover, it plays a multifunctional role as a nonsurgical aid in the treatment of oral diseases like leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, lichen planus, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and also prevents the destruction of periodontal tissues. This review article focuses mainly on the role of lycopene in the prevention of various oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology, Swami Devi Dyal Hospital and Dental College, Golpura, Barwala, Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Manveen Kaur Jawanda
- Department Of Oral Pathology, Laxmibai Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Vikram Arora
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Swami Devi Dyal Hospital and Dental College, Golpura, Barwala, Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Nishant Mehta
- Centre for Dental Education and Research, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Vipul Yadav
- Mullana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
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