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Beck S, Leitges M, Stegner D. Protein kinase Cι/λ is dispensable for platelet function in thrombosis and hemostasis in mice. Cell Signal 2017; 38:223-229. [PMID: 28739484 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Platelet activation at sites of vascular injury is crucial for hemostasis, but it may also cause myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke. Upon platelet activation, cytoskeletal reorganization is essential for platelet secretion and thrombus formation. Members of the protein kinase C family, which includes 12 isoforms, are involved in most platelet responses required for thrombus formation. The atypical protein kinase Cι/λ (PKCι/λ) has been implicated as an important mediator of cell polarity, carcinogenesis and immune cell responses. PKCι/λ is known to be associated with the small GTPase Cdc42, an important mediator of multiple platelet functions; however, its exact function in platelets is not known. To study the role of PKCι/λ, we generated platelet- and megakaryocyte-specific PKCι/λ knockout mice (Prkcifl/fl, Pf4-Cre) and used them to investigate the function of PKCι/λ in platelet activation and aggregation in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, lack of PKCι/λ had no detectable effect on platelet spreading and function in vitro and in vivo under all tested conditions. These results indicate that PKCι/λ is dispensable for Cdc42-triggered processes and for thrombosis and hemostasis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Beck
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - David Stegner
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Ravishankar D, Salamah M, Attina A, Pothi R, Vallance TM, Javed M, Williams HF, Alzahrani EMS, Kabova E, Vaiyapuri R, Shankland K, Gibbins J, Strohfeldt K, Greco F, Osborn HMI, Vaiyapuri S. Ruthenium-conjugated chrysin analogues modulate platelet activity, thrombus formation and haemostasis with enhanced efficacy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5738. [PMID: 28720875 PMCID: PMC5515887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05936-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The constant increase in cardiovascular disease rate coupled with significant drawbacks of existing therapies emphasise the necessity to improve therapeutic strategies. Natural flavonoids exert innumerable pharmacological effects in humans. Here, we demonstrate the effects of chrysin, a natural flavonoid found largely in honey and passionflower on the modulation of platelet function, haemostasis and thrombosis. Chrysin displayed significant inhibitory effects on isolated platelets, however, its activity was substantially reduced under physiological conditions. In order to increase the efficacy of chrysin, a sulfur derivative (thio-chrysin), and ruthenium-complexes (Ru-chrysin and Ru-thio-chrysin) were synthesised and their effects on the modulation of platelet function were evaluated. Indeed, Ru-thio-chrysin displayed a 4-fold greater inhibition of platelet function and thrombus formation in vitro than chrysin under physiologically relevant conditions such as in platelet-rich plasma and whole blood. Notably, Ru-thio-chrysin exhibited similar efficacy to chrysin in the modulation of haemostasis in mice. Increased bioavailability and cell permeability of Ru-thio-chrysin compared to chrysin were found to be the basis for its enhanced activity. Together, these results demonstrate that Ru-thio-coupled natural compounds such as chrysin may serve as promising templates for the development of novel anti-thrombotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alda Attina
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Radhika Pothi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Elena Kabova
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | | | - Jonathan Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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103
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Impact of shear stress on Src and focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation in fibrinogen-adherent platelets. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2017; 28:279-285. [DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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104
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Knowles RB, Lawrence MJ, Ferreira PM, Hayman MA, D’Silva LA, Stanford SN, Sabra A, Tucker AT, Hawkins KM, Williams PR, Warner TD, Evans PA. Platelet reactivity influences clot structure as assessed by fractal analysis of viscoelastic properties. Platelets 2017; 29:162-170. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1306039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B. Knowles
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Lawrence
- Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- NISCHR Hemostasis Biomedical Research Unit, ABMU Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - Plinio M. Ferreira
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa A. Hayman
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay A. D’Silva
- Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- NISCHR Hemostasis Biomedical Research Unit, ABMU Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - Sophie N. Stanford
- Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- NISCHR Hemostasis Biomedical Research Unit, ABMU Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - Ahmed Sabra
- Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- NISCHR Hemostasis Biomedical Research Unit, ABMU Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - Arthur T. Tucker
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karl M. Hawkins
- Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- NISCHR Hemostasis Biomedical Research Unit, ABMU Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Timothy D. Warner
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip A. Evans
- Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- NISCHR Hemostasis Biomedical Research Unit, ABMU Health Board, Swansea, UK
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105
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Molica F, Stierlin FB, Fontana P, Kwak BR. Pannexin- and Connexin-Mediated Intercellular Communication in Platelet Function. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E850. [PMID: 28420171 PMCID: PMC5412434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The three major blood cell types, i.e., platelets, erythrocytes and leukocytes, are all produced in the bone marrow. While red blood cells are the most numerous and white cells are the largest, platelets are small fragments and account for a minor part of blood volume. However, platelets display a crucial function by preventing bleeding. Upon vessel wall injury, platelets adhere to exposed extracellular matrix, become activated, and form a platelet plug preventing hemorrhagic events. However, when platelet activation is exacerbated, as in rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, the same mechanism may lead to acute thrombosis causing major ischemic events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. In the past few years, major progress has been made in understanding of platelet function modulation. In this respect, membrane channels formed by connexins and/or pannexins are of particular interest. While it is still not completely understood whether connexins function as hemichannels or gap junction channels to inhibit platelet aggregation, there is clear-cut evidence for a specific implication of pannexin1 channels in collagen-induced aggregation. The focus of this review is to summarize current knowledge of the role of connexins and pannexins in platelet aggregation and to discuss possible pharmacological approaches along with their limitations and future perspectives for new potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Molica
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Medical Specializations, Cardiology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Florian B Stierlin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Medical Specializations, Cardiology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
- Geneva Platelet Group, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Pierre Fontana
- Geneva Platelet Group, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
- Division of Angiology and Haemostasis, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Medical Specializations, Cardiology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Gkourogianni AV, Kiouptsi K, Koloka V, Moussis V, Tsikaris V, Bachelot-Loza C, Tsoukatos DC. Synergistic effect of peptide inhibitors derived from the extracellular and intracellular domain of α IIb subunit of integrin α IIbβ 3 on platelet activation and aggregation. Platelets 2017; 29:34-40. [PMID: 28351192 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1293804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
αIIbβ3, the major platelet integrin, plays a central role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Upon platelet activation, conformation of αIIbβ3 changes and allows fibrinogen binding and, subsequently, platelet aggregation. It was previously shown that a lipid-modified platelet permeable peptide, which corresponds to the intracellular acidic membrane distal sequence 1000LEEDDEEGE1008 of αIIb (pal-K-LEEDDEEGE or pal-K-1000-1008), inhibits thrombin-induced human platelet aggregation, by inhibiting talin association with the integrin. YMESRADR, a peptide corresponding to the extracellular sequence 313-320 of αIIb, is also a potent platelet aggregation inhibitor by mimicking the effect of a clasp between the head domains of αIIb and β3. The aim of the present study was to investigate the synergistic effect of the intra- and extracellular- peptide inhibitors on platelet aggregation, as well as on the phosphorylation of two signaling proteins, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Platelet preincubation with Pal-K-LEEDDEGE followed by YMESRADR showed a synergistic inhibitory activity on platelet aggregation. Platelet incubation with threshold inhibitory concentrations of both peptides provoked almost the total inhibition of aggregation, PAC-1 binding, and fibrinogen binding, but not P-selectin exposure on activated platelets' surface. Like RGDS peptide, this mixture inhibits FAK phosphorylation whose phosphorylation is well known to be consecutive to the aggregation (postoccupancy events). However, in contrast to RGDS peptide that enhances ERK phosphorylation and activation, the mixture of threshold inhibitory concentrations of Pal-K-LEEDDEEGE and YMESRADR inhibits ERK phosphorylation. We suggest that the use of the intracellular in combination with the extracellular peptide inhibitor, acting with a non-RGD-like mechanism, may provide an alternative way to antagonize integrin αIIbβ3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia V Gkourogianni
- a Department of Chemistry, Sector of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Klytaimnistra Kiouptsi
- a Department of Chemistry, Sector of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Vassiliki Koloka
- a Department of Chemistry, Sector of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Vassilios Moussis
- a Department of Chemistry, Sector of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Vassilios Tsikaris
- a Department of Chemistry, Sector of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Christilla Bachelot-Loza
- b INSERM UMR S1140 , Faculté de Pharmacie , Paris , France.,c Université Paris Descartes , Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France
| | - Demokritos C Tsoukatos
- a Department of Chemistry, Sector of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
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107
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Smith CW, Thomas SG, Raslan Z, Patel P, Byrne M, Lordkipanidzé M, Bem D, Meyaard L, Senis YA, Watson SP, Mazharian A. Mice Lacking the Inhibitory Collagen Receptor LAIR-1 Exhibit a Mild Thrombocytosis and Hyperactive Platelets. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:823-835. [PMID: 28336561 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) is a collagen receptor that belongs to the inhibitory immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif-containing receptor family. It is an inhibitor of signaling via the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-containing collagen receptor complex, glycoprotein VI-FcRγ-chain. It is expressed on hematopoietic cells, including immature megakaryocytes, but is not detectable on platelets. Although the inhibitory function of LAIR-1 has been described in leukocytes, its physiological role in megakaryocytes and in particular in platelet formation has not been explored. In this study, we investigate the role of LAIR-1 in megakaryocyte development and platelet production by generating LAIR-1-deficient mice. APPROACH AND RESULTS Mice lacking LAIR-1 exhibit a significant increase in platelet counts, a prolonged platelet half-life in vivo, and increased proplatelet formation in vitro. Interestingly, platelets from LAIR-1-deficient mice exhibit an enhanced reactivity to collagen and the glycoprotein VI-specific agonist collagen-related peptide despite not expressing LAIR-1, and mice showed enhanced thrombus formation in the carotid artery after ferric chloride injury. Targeted deletion of LAIR-1 in mice results in an increase in signaling downstream of the glycoprotein VI-FcRγ-chain and integrin αIIbβ3 in megakaryocytes because of enhanced Src family kinase activity. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study demonstrate that ablation of LAIR-1 in megakaryocytes leads to increased Src family kinase activity and downstream signaling in response to collagen that is transmitted to platelets, rendering them hyper-reactive specifically to agonists that signal through Syk tyrosine kinases, but not to G-protein-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Smith
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences (C.W.S., S.G.T., Z.R., P.P., M.B., M.L., Y.A.S., S.P.W., A.M.), and Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences (D.B.), University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.M.)
| | - Steven G Thomas
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences (C.W.S., S.G.T., Z.R., P.P., M.B., M.L., Y.A.S., S.P.W., A.M.), and Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences (D.B.), University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.M.)
| | - Zaher Raslan
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences (C.W.S., S.G.T., Z.R., P.P., M.B., M.L., Y.A.S., S.P.W., A.M.), and Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences (D.B.), University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.M.)
| | - Pushpa Patel
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences (C.W.S., S.G.T., Z.R., P.P., M.B., M.L., Y.A.S., S.P.W., A.M.), and Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences (D.B.), University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.M.)
| | - Maxwell Byrne
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences (C.W.S., S.G.T., Z.R., P.P., M.B., M.L., Y.A.S., S.P.W., A.M.), and Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences (D.B.), University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.M.)
| | - Marie Lordkipanidzé
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences (C.W.S., S.G.T., Z.R., P.P., M.B., M.L., Y.A.S., S.P.W., A.M.), and Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences (D.B.), University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.M.)
| | - Danai Bem
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences (C.W.S., S.G.T., Z.R., P.P., M.B., M.L., Y.A.S., S.P.W., A.M.), and Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences (D.B.), University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.M.)
| | - Linde Meyaard
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences (C.W.S., S.G.T., Z.R., P.P., M.B., M.L., Y.A.S., S.P.W., A.M.), and Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences (D.B.), University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.M.)
| | - Yotis A Senis
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences (C.W.S., S.G.T., Z.R., P.P., M.B., M.L., Y.A.S., S.P.W., A.M.), and Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences (D.B.), University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.M.)
| | - Steve P Watson
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences (C.W.S., S.G.T., Z.R., P.P., M.B., M.L., Y.A.S., S.P.W., A.M.), and Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences (D.B.), University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.M.)
| | - Alexandra Mazharian
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences (C.W.S., S.G.T., Z.R., P.P., M.B., M.L., Y.A.S., S.P.W., A.M.), and Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences (D.B.), University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.M.).
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108
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αIIbβ3 binding to a fibrinogen fragment lacking the γ-chain dodecapeptide is activation dependent and EDTA inducible. Blood Adv 2017; 1:417-428. [PMID: 29296957 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017004689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet integrin receptor αIIbβ3 supports platelet aggregation by binding fibrinogen. The interaction between the fibrinogen C-terminal γ-chain peptide composed of residues γ-404-411 (GAKQAGDV) and the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) binding pocket on αIIbβ3 is required for fibrinogen-mediated platelet aggregation, but data suggest that other ancillary binding sites on both fibrinogen and αIIbβ3 may lead to higher-affinity fibrinogen binding and clot retraction. To identify additional sites, we analyzed the ability of platelets and cells expressing normal and mutant αIIbβ3 to adhere to an immobilized fibrinogen plasmin fragment that lacks intact γ-404-411 ('D98'). We found the following: (1) Activated, but not unactivated, platelets adhere well to immobilized 'D98.' (2) Cells expressing constitutively active αIIbβ3 mutants, but not cells expressing normal αIIbβ3 or αVβ3, adhere well to 'D98.' (3) Monoclonal antibodies 10E5 and 7E3 inhibit the adhesion to 'D98' of activated platelets and cells expressing constitutively active αIIbβ3, as do small-molecule inhibitors that bind to the RGD pocket. (4) EDTA paradoxically induces normal αIIbβ3 to interact with 'D98.' Because molecular modeling and molecular dynamics simulations suggested that the αIIb L151-D159 helix may contribute to the interaction with 'D98,' we studied an αIIbβ3 mutant in which the αIIb 148-166 loop was swapped with the corresponding αV loop; it failed to bind to fibrinogen or 'D98.' Our data support a model in which conformational changes in αIIbβ3 and/or fibrinogen after platelet activation and the interaction between γ-404-411 and the RGD binding pocket make new ancillary sites available that support higher-affinity fibrinogen binding and clot retraction.
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109
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Schisandra chinensis and Morus alba Synergistically Inhibit In Vivo Thrombus Formation and Platelet Aggregation by Impairing the Glycoprotein VI Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7839658. [PMID: 28194217 PMCID: PMC5286545 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7839658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Morus alba L. (MAL) extract has been used in traditional medicine for its cardioprotective and antiplatelet effects, while another herbal remedy, Schisandra chinensis (SCC), has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We evaluated underlying cellular changes exerted by extracts of these plants on platelet function and effects of SCC + MAL on in vivo thrombus formation using AV shunt and tail thrombosis-length models in rats. In vitro platelet aggregation, granule secretion, and [Ca2+] i release assays were carried out. The activation of integrin αIIbβ3 and phosphorylation of downstream signaling molecules, including MAPK and Akt, were investigated using cytometry and immunoblotting, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate changes in platelet shape and HPLC analysis was carried out to identify the marker compounds in SCC + MAL mixture. In vivo thrombus weight and average length of tail thrombosis were significantly decreased by SCC + MAL. In vitro platelet aggregation, granule secretion, [Ca2+] i release, and integrin αIIbβ3 activation were notably inhibited. SCC + MAL markedly reduced the phosphorylation of MAPK pathway factors along with Akt. HPLC analysis identified four marker compounds: isoquercitrin, astragalin, schizandrol A, and gomisin A. The extracts exerted remarkable synergistic effects as natural antithrombotic and antiplatelet agent and a potent drug candidate for treating cardiovascular diseases.
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110
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Jeong D, Irfan M, Kim SD, Kim S, Oh JH, Park CK, Kim HK, Rhee MH. Ginsenoside Rg3-enriched red ginseng extract inhibits platelet activation and in vivo thrombus formation. J Ginseng Res 2017; 41:548-555. [PMID: 29021703 PMCID: PMC5628340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Korean Red Ginseng has been used for several decades to treat many diseases, enhancing both immunity and physical strength. Previous studies have documented the therapeutic effects of ginseng, including its anticancer, antiaging, and anti-inflammatory activities. These activities are mediated by ginsenosides present in the ginseng plant. Ginsenoside Rg3, an effective compound from red ginseng, has been shown to have antiplatelet activity in addition to its anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Platelets are important for both primary hemostasis and the repair of the vessels after injury; however, they also play a crucial role in the development of acute coronary diseases. We prepared ginsenoside Rg3-enriched red ginseng extract (Rg3-RGE) to examine its role in platelet physiology. Methods To examine the effect of Rg3-RGE on platelet activation in vitro, platelet aggregation, granule secretion, intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) mobilization, flow cytometry, and immunoblot analysis were carried out using rat platelets. To examine the effect of Rg3-RGE on platelet activation in vivo, a collagen plus epinephrine-induced acute pulmonary thromboembolism mouse model was used. Results We found that Rg3-RGE significantly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation and [Ca2+]i mobilization in a dose-dependent manner in addition to reducing ATP release from collagen-stimulated platelets. Furthermore, using immunoblot analysis, we found that Rg3-RGE markedly suppressed mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation (i.e., extracellular stimuli-responsive kinase, Jun N-terminal kinase, p38) as well as the PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase)/Akt pathway. Moreover, Rg3-RGE effectively reduced collagen plus epinephrine-induced mortality in mice. Conclusion These data suggest that ginsenoside Rg3-RGE could be potentially be used as an antiplatelet therapeutic agent against platelet-mediated cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahye Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Oh
- Research and Development Headquarters, Korean Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Kyu Park
- Research and Development Headquarters, Korean Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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111
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Mascharak S, Benitez PL, Proctor AC, Madl CM, Hu KH, Dewi RE, Butte MJ, Heilshorn SC. YAP-dependent mechanotransduction is required for proliferation and migration on native-like substrate topography. Biomaterials 2017; 115:155-166. [PMID: 27889666 PMCID: PMC5572766 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Native vascular extracellular matrices (vECM) consist of elastic fibers that impart varied topographical properties, yet most in vitro models designed to study the effects of topography on cell behavior are not representative of native architecture. Here, we engineer an electrospun elastin-like protein (ELP) system with independently tunable, vECM-mimetic topography and demonstrate that increasing topographical variation causes loss of endothelial cell-cell junction organization. This loss of VE-cadherin signaling and increased cytoskeletal contractility on more topographically varied ELP substrates in turn promote YAP activation and nuclear translocation, resulting in significantly increased endothelial cell migration and proliferation. Our findings identify YAP as a required signaling factor through which fibrous substrate topography influences cell behavior and highlights topography as a key design parameter for engineered biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamik Mascharak
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Patrick L Benitez
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Amy C Proctor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Christopher M Madl
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kenneth H Hu
- Biophysics Graduate Group, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ruby E Dewi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Manish J Butte
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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112
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Huynh KC, Nguyen TH, Pham DC, Nguyen HTT, Van Vo T, Gyenes M, Stoldt VR. Integrin αIIbβ3-Dependent ERK Signaling Is Regulated by Src and Rho Kinases in Both Leu33 and Pro33 Polymorphic Isoforms. Acta Haematol 2016; 137:44-50. [PMID: 27923225 DOI: 10.1159/000450783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Platelet integrin αIIbβ3 possesses a Leu/Pro polymorphism at residue 33 (Leu33/HPA-1a or Pro33/HPA-1b). The Pro33 isoform has been suggested to exhibit prothrombotic features. αIIbβ3-expressing CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells on immobilized fibrinogen show activation of the MAP kinase family member ERK2, with an enhanced ERK2 activity in Pro33 cells compared to Leu33 cells. In our present work, we examined how the Leu/Pro polymorphism modulates the ERK2 activation stimulated by 2 differently triggered outside-in signalings. We either treated the CHO cells with Mn2+ or allowed them to adhere to fibrinogen. Moreover, we studied which signaling cascades are involved in ERK2 activation. In contrast to immobilized fibrinogen, Mn2+ did not significantly increase ERK2 activation. However, Mn2+ had a synergistic effect on ERK2 phosphorylation when combined with immobilized fibrinogen. Pro33 cells adherent to fibrinogen exhibited a significantly greater ERK2 activity than Leu33 cells in the presence of Mn2+, which peaked after 10 min of adhesion. Our data showed that Src family and rho kinases play a crucial role in the integrin αIIbβ3-dependent outside-in signaling to ERK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khon C Huynh
- Biomedical Engineering Department, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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113
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Vijayan KV, Bray PF. Molecular Mechanisms of Prothrombotic Risk Due to Genetic Variations in Platelet Genes: Enhanced Outside-In Signaling Through the Pro33 Variant of Integrin β3. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 231:505-13. [PMID: 16636298 DOI: 10.1177/153537020623100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years inherited variations in platelet proteins have emerged as potential risk factors that could predispose individuals to arterial thrombosis. Although many studies have examined the association of platelet gene polymorphisms with particular disease states, the underlying mechanisms by which most of these polymorphisms contribute to the pathophysiology of thrombosis have remained largely unexplored. This review will focus on the cellular and molecular features by which these genetic changes affect platelet physiology. Although many genes have been investigated in this regard, only the genes encoding integrins β3 and α2, and the platelet Fc receptor, FcγRIIA, have been studied in any depth. In some cases (such as integrin α2), evidence supports a quantitative trait locus. For other genes, nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions lead to structural and functional consequences. A large portion of this review will focus on the widely studied Leu33Pro (PIA) polymorphism of integrin β3, and will consider the potential mechanisms by which the Pro33 polymorphism could induce a prothrombotic risk. A detailed understanding of how polymorphisms modulate platelet physiology will be important for understanding individual differences in response to antiplatelet therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vinod Vijayan
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM 286, N1319, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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114
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Fan Z, Ley K. Leukocyte arrest: Biomechanics and molecular mechanisms of β2 integrin activation. Biorheology 2016; 52:353-77. [PMID: 26684674 DOI: 10.3233/bir-15085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are a group of heterodimeric transmembrane receptors that play essential roles in cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction. Integrins are important in many physiological processes and diseases. Integrins acquire affinity to their ligand by undergoing molecular conformational changes called activation. Here we review the molecular biomechanics during conformational changes of integrins, integrin functions in leukocyte biorheology (adhesive functions during rolling and arrest) and molecules involved in integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Fan
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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115
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Kozuma Y, Yamamoto T, Ishikawa E, Yoshida F, Akutsu H, Matsuda M, Nakai K, Tsuruta W, Takano S, Matsumura A, Ninomiya H. Sodium Bicarbonate Facilitates Hemostasis in the Presence of Cerebrospinal Fluid Through Amplification of Platelet Aggregation. Neurosurgery 2016; 78:274-84. [PMID: 26457486 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000001058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appropriate hemostasis is essential for clear visualization of the neural structures and cleavage planes. It is also essential for avoiding heat-induced injury, minimizing blood loss, and reducing operative time. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in platelet-dependent hemostasis during neurosurgery. METHODS The amplification of aggregation, activation of integrin αIIbβ3, intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways, and activation of signaling cascades in platelets were evaluated. For comparison, various concentrations of a commercially available artificial CSF solution (aCSF), an artificial CSF solution prepared by the authors, and normal saline (NS) were used. Differences between aCSF and NS in obtaining in vivo hemostasis were assessed by measuring the tail vein bleeding time in C57BL/6N mice. RESULTS Platelet aggregation was directly amplified by the addition of aCSF through increased activation of integrin αIIbβ3, phosphatidylserine exposure, and P-selectin expression. However, the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were not primarily related to coagulation activity with the addition of aCSF. Activation of Src kinase was related to platelet activation by aCSF. The elimination of sodium bicarbonate from aCSF and the addition of the selective inhibitor of the HCO3/Cl exchanger, 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid disodium salt, significantly inhibited platelet aggregation. The bleeding time in aCSF-treated mice was significantly shorter than that in NS-treated mice. CONCLUSION Sodium bicarbonate facilitates hemostasis through the amplification of platelet aggregation function. The existence of CSF and irrigation with aCSF provide better conditions for physiological hemostasis and they have the potential of improving hemostasis by bipolar coagulation or with irrigation during neuroendoscopic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Kozuma
- *Division of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; ‡Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Abstract
Platelets have traditionally been understood within the context of hemostasis and hemorrhagic disorders. However, with increasing procedures being performed in smaller vessels and with an increasing incidence of atherosclerosis, the often critical role platelets play is more evident. Platelets are no longer viewed as “scaffolding” for the events of the coagulation cascade but rather as important catalysts in hemostasis, thrombosis, and fibrinolysis. Improved understanding of platelet physiology has led to developments of pharmacologic adjuncts resulting in improved patency rates and improved patient outcomes. This review addresses the physiology of platelet function and the impact of new pharmacologic agents in percutaneous intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabih A Chaer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10034, USA
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117
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Gupta A, Agarwal R, Singh A, Bhatnagar S. Calcium-induced conformational changes of Thrombospondin-1 signature domain: implications for vascular disease. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2016; 37:239-251. [PMID: 27485292 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2016.1212377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thrombospondin1 (TSP1) participates in numerous signaling pathways critical for vascular physiology and disease. The conserved signature domain of thrombospondin 1 (TSP1-Sig1) comprises three epidermal growth factor (EGF), 13 calcium-binding type 3 thrombospondin (T3) repeats, and one lectin-like module arranged in a stalk-wire-globe topology. TSP1 is known to be present in both calcium-replete (Holo-) and calcium-depleted (Apo-) state, each with distinct downstream signaling effects. OBJECTIVE To prepare a homology model of TSP1-Sig1 and investigate the effect of calcium on its dynamic structure and interactions. METHODS A homology model of Holo-TSP1-Sig1 was prepared with TSP2 as template in Swissmodel workspace. The Apo-form of the model was obtained by omitting the bound calcium ions from the homology model. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies (100 ns) were performed on the Holo- and Apo- forms of TSP1 using Gromacs4.6.5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION After simulation, Holo-TSP1-Sig1 showed significant reorientation at the interface of the EGF1-2 and EGF2-3 modules. The T3 wire is predicted to show the maximum mobility and deviation from the initial model. In Apo-TSP1-Sig1 model, the T3 repeats unfolded and formed coils with predicted increase in flexibility. Apo-TSP1-Sig1model also predicted the exposure of the binding sites for neutrophil elastase, integrin and fibroblast growth factor 2. We present a structural model and hypothesis for the role of TSP1-Sig1 interactions in the development of vascular disorders. CONCLUSION The simulated model of the fully calcium-loaded and calcium-depleted TSP1-Sig1 may enable the development of its interactions as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Gupta
- a Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology , Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology , Dwarka , New Delhi , India.,b Department of Biotechnology , IMS Engineering College , Ghaziabad , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Rahul Agarwal
- c Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences , Shiv Nadar University , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- c Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences , Shiv Nadar University , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Sonika Bhatnagar
- a Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology , Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology , Dwarka , New Delhi , India
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Yeung J, Tourdot BE, Adili R, Green AR, Freedman CJ, Fernandez-Perez P, Yu J, Holman TR, Holinstat M. 12(S)-HETrE, a 12-Lipoxygenase Oxylipin of Dihomo-γ-Linolenic Acid, Inhibits Thrombosis via Gαs Signaling in Platelets. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:2068-77. [PMID: 27470510 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids has been widely used for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in individuals at risk; however, the cardioprotective benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids remain controversial because of lack of mechanistic and in vivo evidence. We present direct evidence that an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), exhibits in vivo cardioprotection through 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) oxidation of DGLA to its reduced oxidized lipid form, 12(S)-hydroxy-8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatrienoic acid (12(S)-HETrE), inhibiting platelet activation and thrombosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS DGLA inhibited ex vivo platelet aggregation and Rap1 activation in wild-type mice, but not in mice lacking 12-LOX expression (12-LOX(-/-)). Similarly, wild-type mice treated with DGLA were able to reduce thrombus growth (platelet and fibrin accumulation) after laser-induced injury of the arteriole of the cremaster muscle, but not 12-LOX(-/-) mice, supporting a 12-LOX requirement for mediating the inhibitory effects of DGLA on platelet-mediated thrombus formation. Platelet activation and thrombus formation were also suppressed when directly treated with 12(S)-HETrE. Importantly, 2 hemostatic models, tail bleeding and arteriole rupture of the cremaster muscle, showed no alteration in hemostasis after 12(S)-HETrE treatment. Finally, the mechanism for 12(S)-HETrE protection was shown to be mediated via a Gαs-linked G-protein-coupled receptor pathway in human platelets. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the direct evidence that an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, DGLA, inhibits injury-induced thrombosis through its 12-LOX oxylipin, 12(S)-HETrE, which strongly supports the potential cardioprotective benefits of DGLA supplementation through its regulation of platelet function. Furthermore, this is the first evidence of a 12-LOX oxylipin regulating platelet function in a Gs α subunit-linked G-protein-coupled receptor-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Yeung
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.)
| | - Benjamin E Tourdot
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.)
| | - Reheman Adili
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.)
| | - Abigail R Green
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.)
| | - Cody J Freedman
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.)
| | - Pilar Fernandez-Perez
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.)
| | - Johnny Yu
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.)
| | - Theodore R Holman
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.)
| | - Michael Holinstat
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.).
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119
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Water soluble tomato concentrate regulates platelet function via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.14405/kjvr.2016.56.2.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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120
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Khatlani T, Pradhan S, Da Q, Shaw T, Buchman VL, Cruz MA, Vijayan KV. A Novel Interaction of the Catalytic Subunit of Protein Phosphatase 2A with the Adaptor Protein CIN85 Suppresses Phosphatase Activity and Facilitates Platelet Outside-in αIIbβ3 Integrin Signaling. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17360-8. [PMID: 27334924 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.704296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The transduction of signals generated by protein kinases and phosphatases are critical for the ability of integrin αIIbβ3 to support stable platelet adhesion and thrombus formation. Unlike kinases, it remains unclear how serine/threonine phosphatases engage the signaling networks that are initiated following integrin ligation. Because protein-protein interactions form the backbone of signal transduction, we searched for proteins that interact with the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2Ac). In a yeast two-hybrid study, we identified a novel interaction between PP2Ac and an adaptor protein CIN85 (Cbl-interacting protein of 85 kDa). Truncation and alanine mutagenesis studies revealed that PP2Ac binds to the P3 block ((396)PAIPPKKPRP(405)) of the proline-rich region in CIN85. The interaction of purified PP2Ac with CIN85 suppressed phosphatase activity. Human embryonal kidney 293 αIIbβ3 cells overexpressing a CIN85 P3 mutant, which cannot support PP2Ac binding, displayed decreased adhesion to immobilized fibrinogen. Platelets contain the ∼85 kDa CIN85 protein along with the PP2Ac-CIN85 complex. A myristylated cell-permeable peptide derived from residues 395-407 of CIN85 protein (P3 peptide) disrupted the platelet PP2Ac-CIN85 complex and decreased αIIbβ3 signaling dependent functions such as platelet spreading on fibrinogen and thrombin-mediated fibrin clot retraction. In a phospho-profiling study P3 peptide treated platelets also displayed decreased phosphorylation of several signaling proteins including Src and GSK3β. Taken together, these data support a role for the novel PP2Ac-CIN85 complex in supporting integrin-dependent platelet function by dampening the phosphatase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qi Da
- From the Departments of Medicine
| | | | - Vladimir L Buchman
- the School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel A Cruz
- From the Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine and Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - K Vinod Vijayan
- From the Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine and Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), Houston, Texas 77030 and
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Tsujimoto M, Tokuda H, Kuroyanagi G, Yamamoto N, Kainuma S, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Onuma T, Iida Y, Kojima A, Sawada S, Doi T, Enomoto Y, Tanabe K, Akamatsu S, Iida H, Ogura S, Otsuka T, Kozawa O, Iwama T. AICAR reduces the collagen-stimulated secretion of PDGF-AB and release of soluble CD40 ligand from human platelets: Suppression of HSP27 phosphorylation via p44/p42 MAP kinase. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1107-1112. [PMID: 27446328 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that collagen-induced phosphorylation of heat shock protein (HSP) 27 via p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in human platelets is sufficient to induce the secretion of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB and the release of soluble cluster of differentiation 40 ligand (sCD40L). Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is known to regulate energy homeostasis, has a crucial role as an energy sensor in various eukaryotic cells. The present study investigated the effects of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranosyl 5'-monophosphate (AICAR), which is an activator of AMPK, on the collagen-induced activation of human platelets. It was demonstrated that AICAR dose-dependently reduced collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation up to 1.0 µM. Analysis of the size of platelet aggregates demonstrated that AICAR decreased the ratio of large aggregates (50-70 µm), whereas the ratio of small aggregates (9-25 µm) was increased by AICAR administration. AICAR markedly attenuated the phosphorylation levels of p44/p42 MAP kinase and HSP27, which are induced by collagen. Furthermore, AICAR significantly decreased the secretion of PDGF-AB and the collagen-induced release of sCD40L. These results indicated that AICAR-activated AMPK may reduce the secretion of PDGF-AB and the collagen-induced release of sCD40L by inhibiting HSP27 phosphorylation via p44/p42 MAP kinase in human platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Tsujimoto
- Department of Neurosugery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Tokuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Gen Kuroyanagi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Naohiro Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Shingo Kainuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Onuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yuko Iida
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akiko Kojima
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Matsunami General Hospital, Gifu 501-6062, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Sawada
- Department of Neurosugery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Doi
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yukiko Enomoto
- Department of Neurosugery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Kumiko Tanabe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Shigeru Akamatsu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Matsunami General Hospital, Gifu 501-6062, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Shinji Ogura
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takanobu Otsuka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Osamu Kozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Toru Iwama
- Department of Neurosugery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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122
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Platelets and coronary artery disease: Interactions with the blood vessel wall and cardiovascular devices. Biointerphases 2016; 11:029702. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4953246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Maenner D, Werth S, Bein G, Santoso S. Rapid characterization of hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies against platelet β3 integrin using ELIspot. Platelets 2016; 27:758-763. [PMID: 27185103 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2016.1173666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Generally, B-cell responses against human platelet antigens are assessed by the serological detection of specific platelet antibodies, mostly against β3 integrin. However, this approach seems to be of low sensitivity, since platelet autoantibodies against αIIbβ3 are detected in only 50% of all patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). In this study, a novel B-cell ELIspot method was established to characterize the specificity of mouse monoclonal antibodies (moabs) against human β3 integrin. Moabs produced by hybridomas were immobilized on membrane and bound antibodies were visualized as spots using biotinylated recombinant proteins αIIbβ3 or αvβ3 and the enzyme labeled streptavidin-substrate system. Three hybridomas, Gi5, Gi16 and AP3, designated previously as anti-αIIbβ3, anti-αIIb and anti-β3, respectively, were investigated. Hybridoma producing moab against CD177 was used as the negative control. Whereas AP3 reacted with αIIbβ3 and αvβ3, Gi5 only formed spots with αIIbβ3. Titration analysis showed that the number of spots correlated significantly with the number of seeded cells. Approximately 15 antibody producing hybridoma cells could be identified among 103 nonproducing B-cells. Furthermore, superior correlation with the total number of IgG producing cells was obtained. Analysis of the third hybridoma, Gi16 (anti-αIIb), showed only few spots with αIIbβ3, indicating that this hybridoma contained different clones (producer and non-producer). Significant increased number of spots could be identified after re-cloning of these clones by limiting dilution method. Our results demonstrate that this B-cell ELIspot assay can be used for the identification of a small number of hybridoma cells producing moabs against β3 integrin, verification of their monoclonality, productivity and for determining their specificity in the early state of workup steps. In the future, this approach may be useful to define B-cell clones in patients who developed platelet antibodies against different β3-integrins and to differentiate their diversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Maenner
- a Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University , Giessen , Germany
| | - Silke Werth
- a Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University , Giessen , Germany
| | - Gregor Bein
- a Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University , Giessen , Germany
| | - Sentot Santoso
- a Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University , Giessen , Germany
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Abstract
There are clear age-related changes in platelet count and function, driven by changes in hematopoietic tissue, the composition of the blood and vascular health. Platelet count remains relatively stable during middle age (25–60 years old) but falls in older people. The effect of age on platelet function is slightly less clear. The longstanding view is that platelet reactivity increases with age in an almost linear fashion. There are, however, serious limitations to the data supporting this dogma. We can conclude that platelet function increases during middle age, but little evidence exists on the changes in platelet responsiveness in old age (>75 years old). This change in platelet function is driven by differential mRNA and microRNA expression, an increase in oxidative stress and changes in platelet receptors. These age-related changes in platelets are particularly pertinent given that thrombotic disease and use of anti-platelet drugs is much more prevalent in the elderly population, yet the majority of platelet research is carried out in young to middle-aged (20–50 years old) human volunteers and young mice (2–6 months old). We know relatively little about exactly how platelets from people over 75 years old differ from those of middle-aged subjects, and we know even less about the mechanisms that drive these changes. Addressing these gaps in our knowledge will provide substantial understanding in how cell signalling changes during ageing and will enable the development of more precise anti-platelet therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris I Jones
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Harborne Building, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AS, UK.
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125
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Fong KP, Zhu H, Span LM, Moore DT, Yoon K, Tamura R, Yin H, DeGrado WF, Bennett JS. Directly Activating the Integrin αIIbβ3 Initiates Outside-In Signaling by Causing αIIbβ3 Clustering. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11706-16. [PMID: 27056329 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.716613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
αIIbβ3 activation in platelets is followed by activation of the tyrosine kinase c-Src associated with the carboxyl terminus of the β3 cytosolic tail. Exogenous peptides designed to interact with the αIIb transmembrane (TM) domain activate single αIIbβ3 molecules in platelets by binding to the αIIb TM domain and causing separation of the αIIbβ3 TM domain heterodimer. Here we asked whether directly activating single αIIbβ3 molecules in platelets using the designed peptide anti-αIIb TM also initiates αIIbβ3-mediated outside-in signaling by causing activation of β3-associated c-Src. Anti-αIIb TM caused activation of β3-associated c-Src and the kinase Syk, but not the kinase FAK, under conditions that precluded extracellular ligand binding to αIIbβ3. c-Src and Syk are activated by trans-autophosphorylation, suggesting that activation of individual αIIbβ3 molecules can initiate αIIbβ3 clustering in the absence of ligand binding. Consistent with this possibility, incubating platelets with anti-αIIb TM resulted in the redistribution of αIIbβ3 from a homogenous ring located at the periphery of discoid platelets into nodular densities consistent with clustered αIIbβ3. Thus, these studies indicate that not only is resting αIIbβ3 poised to undergo a conformational change that exposes its ligand-binding site, but it is poised to rapidly assemble into intracellular signal-generating complexes as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen P Fong
- From the Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Hua Zhu
- From the Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Lisa M Span
- From the Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, and
| | - David T Moore
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Kyungchul Yoon
- From the Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Ryo Tamura
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80030, and
| | - Hang Yin
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80030, and
| | - William F DeGrado
- the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158-9001
| | - Joel S Bennett
- From the Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, and
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126
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Gap junctions and connexin hemichannels in the regulation of haemostasis and thrombosis. Biochem Soc Trans 2016; 43:489-94. [PMID: 26009196 DOI: 10.1042/bst20150055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are involved in the maintenance of haemostasis but their inappropriate activation leads to thrombosis, a principal trigger for heart attack and ischaemic stroke. Although platelets circulate in isolation, upon activation they accumulate or aggregate together to form a thrombus, where they function in a co-ordinated manner to prevent loss of blood and control wound repair. Previous report (1) indicates that the stability and functions of a thrombus are maintained through sustained, contact-dependent signalling between platelets. Given the role of gap junctions in the co-ordination of tissue responses, it was hypothesized that gap junctions may be present within a thrombus and mediate intercellular communication between platelets. Therefore studies were performed to explore the presence and functions of connexins in platelets. In this brief review, the roles of hemichannels and gap junctions in the control of thrombosis and haemostasis and the future directions for this research will be discussed.
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127
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Tsujimoto M, Kuroyanagi G, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Kito Y, Enomoto Y, Iida H, Ogura S, Otsuka T, Tokuda H, Kozawa O, Iwama T. Factor Xa Inhibitor Suppresses the Release of Phosphorylated HSP27 from Collagen-Stimulated Human Platelets: Inhibition of HSP27 Phosphorylation via p44/p42 MAP Kinase. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149077. [PMID: 26867010 PMCID: PMC4750972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective inhibitors of factor Xa (FXa) are widely recognized as useful therapeutic tools for stroke prevention in non-valvular atrial fibrillation or venous thrombosis. Thrombin, which is rapidly generated from pro-thrombin through the activation of factor X to FXa, acts as a potent activator of human platelets. Thus, the reduction of thrombin generation by FXa inhibitor eventually causes a suppressive effect on platelet aggregation. However, little is known whether FXa inhibitors directly affect the function of human platelets. We have previously reported that collagen induces the phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), a low-molecular weight heat shock protein via Rac-dependent activation of p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in human platelets, eventually resulting in the release of HSP27. In the present study, we investigated the direct effect of FXa inhibitor on the collagen-induced human platelet activation. Rivaroxaban as well as edoxaban significantly reduced the collagen-induced phosphorylation of both HSP27 and p44/p42 MAP kinase without affecting the platelet aggregation. Rivaroxaban significantly inhibited the release of phosphorylated HSP27 from collagen-stimulated platelets but not the secretion of platelet derived growth factor-AB. In patients administrated with rivaroxaban, the collagen-induced levels of phosphorylated HSP27 were markedly diminished after 2 days of administration, which failed to affect the platelet aggregation. These results strongly suggest that FXa inhibitor reduces the collagen-stimulated release of phosphorylated HSP27 from human platelets due to the inhibition of HSP27 phosphorylation via p44/p42 MAP kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Tsujimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Gen Kuroyanagi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Yuko Kito
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukiko Enomoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinji Ogura
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takanobu Otsuka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Tokuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Osamu Kozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Toru Iwama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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128
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Niki M, Nayak MK, Jin H, Bhasin N, Plow EF, Pandolfi PP, Rothman PB, Chauhan AK, Lentz SR. Dok-1 negatively regulates platelet integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signalling and inhibits thrombosis in mice. Thromb Haemost 2016; 115:969-78. [PMID: 26790499 DOI: 10.1160/th15-05-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adaptor proteins play a critical role in the assembly of signalling complexes after engagement of platelet receptors by agonists such as collagen, ADP and thrombin. Recently, using proteomics, the Dok (downstream of tyrosine kinase) adapter proteins were identified in human and mouse platelets. In vitro studies suggest that Dok-1 binds to platelet integrin β3, but the underlying effects of Dok-1 on αIIbβ3 signalling, platelet activation and thrombosis remain to be elucidated. In the present study, using Dok-1-deficient (Dok-1-/-) mice, we determined the phenotypic role of Dok-1 in αIIbβ3 signalling. We found that platelets from Dok-1-/- mice displayed normal aggregation, activation of αIIbβ3 (assessed by binding of JON/A), P-selectin surface expression (assessed by anti-CD62P), and soluble fibrinogen binding. These findings indicate that Dok-1 does not affect "inside-out" platelet signalling. Compared with platelets from wild-type (WT) mice, platelets from Dok-1-/- mice exhibited increased clot retraction (p < 0.05 vs WT), increased PLCγ2 phosphorylation, and enhanced spreading on fibrinogen after thrombin stimulation (p < 0.01 vs WT), demonstrating that Dok-1 negatively regulates αIIbβ3 "outside-in" signalling. Finally, we found that Dok-1-/- mice exhibited significantly shortened bleeding times and accelerated carotid artery thrombosis in response to photochemical injury (p < 0.05 vs WT mice). We conclude that Dok-1 modulates thrombosis and haemostasis by negatively regulating αIIbβ3 outside-in signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Steven R Lentz
- Steven R. Lentz, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, C21 GH, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA, Tel.: +1 319 356 4048, Fax: +1 319 353 8383, E-mail:
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129
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Nurden AT, Pillois X, Fiore M, Alessi MC, Bonduel M, Dreyfus M, Goudemand J, Gruel Y, Benabdallah-Guerida S, Latger-Cannard V, Négrier C, Nugent D, Oiron RD, Rand ML, Sié P, Trossaert M, Alberio L, Martins N, Sirvain-Trukniewicz P, Couloux A, Canault M, Fronthroth JP, Fretigny M, Nurden P, Heilig R, Vinciguerra C. Expanding the Mutation Spectrum Affecting αIIbβ3 Integrin in Glanzmann Thrombasthenia: Screening of the ITGA2B and ITGB3 Genes in a Large International Cohort. Hum Mutat 2016; 36:548-61. [PMID: 25728920 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report the largest international study on Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT), an inherited bleeding disorder where defects of the ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes cause quantitative or qualitative defects of the αIIbβ3 integrin, a key mediator of platelet aggregation. Sequencing of the coding regions and splice sites of both genes in members of 76 affected families identified 78 genetic variants (55 novel) suspected to cause GT. Four large deletions or duplications were found by quantitative real-time PCR. Families with mutations in either gene were indistinguishable in terms of bleeding severity that varied even among siblings. Families were grouped into type I and the rarer type II or variant forms with residual αIIbβ3 expression. Variant forms helped identify genes encoding proteins mediating integrin activation. Splicing defects and stop codons were common for both ITGA2B and ITGB3 and essentially led to a reduced or absent αIIbβ3 expression; included was a heterozygous c.1440-13_c.1440-1del in intron 14 of ITGA2B causing exon skipping in seven unrelated families. Molecular modeling revealed how many missense mutations induced subtle changes in αIIb and β3 domain structure across both subunits, thereby interfering with integrin maturation and/or function. Our study extends knowledge of GT and the pathophysiology of an integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan T Nurden
- Institut de Rhythmologie et de Modélisation Cardiaque, Plateforme Technologique d'Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France
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130
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Tamir A, Sorrentino S, Motahedeh S, Shai E, Dubrovsky A, Dahan I, Eibauer M, Studt JD, Sapra KT, Varon D, Medalia O. The macromolecular architecture of platelet-derived microparticles. J Struct Biol 2016; 193:181-187. [PMID: 26767592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are essential for hemostasis and wound healing. They are involved in fundamental processes of vascular biology such as angiogenesis, tissue regeneration, and tumor metastasis. Upon activation, platelets shed small plasma membrane vesicles termed platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs). PMPs include functional cell adhesion machinery that comprises transmembrane receptors (most abundant are the αIIbβ3 integrins), cytoskeletal systems and a large variety of adapter and signaling molecules. Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a condition characterized by platelets that are deficient of the integrin αIIbβ3 heterodimer. Here, we use cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) to study the structural organization of PMPs (in both healthy and GT patients), especially the cytoskeleton organization and receptor architecture. PMPs purified from GT patients show a significantly altered cytoskeletal organization, characterized by a reduced number of filaments present, compared to the healthy control. Furthermore, our results show that incubating healthy PMPs with manganese ions (Mn(2+)), in the presence of fibrinogen, induces a major conformational change of integrin receptors, whereas thrombin activation yields a moderate response. These results provide the first insights into the native molecular organization of PMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Tamir
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Simona Sorrentino
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Motahedeh
- Coagulation Unit, Department of Hematology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ela Shai
- Coagulation Unit, Department of Hematology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anna Dubrovsky
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Idit Dahan
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Matthias Eibauer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan-Dirk Studt
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K Tanuj Sapra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Varon
- Coagulation Unit, Department of Hematology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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131
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Simic D, Bogdan N, Teng F, Otieno M. Blocking α5β1 Integrin Attenuates sCD40L-Mediated Platelet Activation. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2015; 23:607-614. [PMID: 26719354 DOI: 10.1177/1076029615624549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The soluble form of CD40L (sCD40L) is a platelet-derived mediator that links inflammation, hemostasis, and vascular dysfunction. Indeed, blockade of CD40L by neutralizing antibodies or genetic disruption in mice prevents atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis. Until recently, it was believed that CD40 and αIIbβ3 were the only receptors on platelets responsible for binding sCD40L, leading to platelet activation and initiation of thrombotic events. Recent findings showed α5β1 integrin as a novel platelet sCD40L receptor, with an unknown function. For the first time, using anti-α5β1 blocking antibodies, we show that sCD40L/α5β1 interaction leads to platelet activation as evaluated in the human whole blood. Establishing α5β1 integrin's role in platelet activation, and therefore thrombosis will help further shed light on the etiology of thrombotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Simic
- 1 Preclinical Development & Safety, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Nancy Bogdan
- 1 Preclinical Development & Safety, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Fang Teng
- 2 Biologics Discovery Sciences, Spring House, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, PA, USA
| | - Monicah Otieno
- 1 Preclinical Development & Safety, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
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132
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Tian X, Chang L, Ma G, Wang T, Lv M, Wang Z, Chen L, Wang Y, Gao X, Zhu Y. Delineation of Platelet Activation Pathway of Scutellarein Revealed Its Intracellular Target as Protein Kinase C. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 39:181-91. [PMID: 26581323 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Erigeron breviscapus has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its total flavonoid component is commonly used to treat ischemic stroke, coronary heart disease, diabetes and hypertension. Scutellarin is the major ingredient of E. breviscapus and scutellarein is one of the main bioactive metabolites of scutellarin in vivo, but the latter's pharmacological activities have not been fully characterized. Provided evidence that could inhibit platelet aggregation, the effect of scutellarein on rat washed platelets and its underlying mechanisms were evaluated in our research. Scutellarein inhibited platelet adhesion and aggregation induced by multiple G protein coupled receptor agonists such as thrombin, U46619 and ADP, in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the mild effect of scutellarein on intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization and cyclic AMP (cAMP) level was observed. On the other hand, the role of scutellarein as potential protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor was confirmed by PKC activity analysis and molecular docking. The phorbol myristate acetate-induced platelets aggregation assay with or without ADP implied that the scutellarein takes PKC(s) as its primary target(s), and acts on it in a reversible way. Finally, scutellarein as a promising agent exhibited a high inhibition effect on ADP-induced platelet aggregation among its analogues. This study clarifies the PKC-related signaling pathway involved in antiplatelet action of scutellarein, and may be beneficial for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Tian
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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133
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Gupta N, Li W, McIntyre TM. Deubiquitinases Modulate Platelet Proteome Ubiquitination, Aggregation, and Thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2657-66. [PMID: 26471267 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Platelets express a functional ubiquitin-proteasome system. Mass spectrometry shows that platelets contain several deubiquitinases, but whether these are functional, modulate the proteome, or affect platelet reactivity are unknown. APPROACH AND RESULTS Platelet lysates contained ubiquitin-protein deubiquitinase activity hydrolyzing both Lys48 and Lys63 polyubiquitin conjugates that was suppressed by the chemically unrelated deubiquitinase inhibitors PYR41 and PR619. These inhibitors acutely and markedly increased monoubiquitination and polyubiquitination of the proteome of resting platelets. PYR41 (intravenous, 15 minutes) significantly impaired occlusive thrombosis in FeCl3-damaged carotid arteries, and deubiquitinase inhibition reduced platelet adhesion and retention during high shear flow of whole blood through microfluidic chambers coated with collagen. Total internal reflection microscopy showed that adhesion and spreading in the absence of flow were strongly curtailed by these inhibitors with failure of stable process extension and reduced the retraction of formed clots. Deubiquitinase inhibition also sharply reduced homotypic platelet aggregation in response to not only the incomplete agonists ADP and collagen acting through glycoprotein VI but also to the complete agonist thrombin. Suppressed aggregation was accompanied by curtailed procaspase activating compound-1 binding to activated IIb/IIIa and inhibition of P-selectin translocation to the platelet surface. Deubiquitinase inhibition abolished the agonist-induced spike in intracellular calcium, suppressed Akt phosphorylation, and reduced agonist-stimulated phosphatase and tensin homolog phosphatase phosphorylation. Platelets express the proteasome-associated deubiquitinases USP14 and UCHL5, and selective inhibition of these enzymes by b-AP15 reproduced the inhibitory effect of the general deubiquitinase inhibitors on ex vivo platelet function. CONCLUSIONS Remodeling of the ubiquitinated platelet proteome by deubiquitinases promotes agonist-stimulated intracellular signal transduction and platelet responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilaksh Gupta
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Wei Li
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Thomas M McIntyre
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
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134
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Srinivasan S, Schiemer J, Zhang X, Chishti AH, Le Breton GC. Gα13 Switch Region 2 Binds to the Talin Head Domain and Activates αIIbβ3 Integrin in Human Platelets. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:25129-39. [PMID: 26292217 PMCID: PMC4599016 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.650978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though GPCR signaling in human platelets is directly involved in hemostasis and thrombus formation, the sequence of events by which G protein activation leads to αIIbβ3 integrin activation (inside-out signaling) is not clearly defined. We previously demonstrated that a conformationally sensitive domain of one G protein, i.e. Gα13 switch region 1 (Gα13SR1), can directly participate in the platelet inside-out signaling process. Interestingly however, the dependence on Gα13SR1 signaling was limited to PAR1 receptors, and did not involve signaling through other important platelet GPCRs. Based on the limited scope of this involvement, and the known importance of G13 in hemostasis and thrombosis, the present study examined whether signaling through another switch region of G13, i.e. Gα13 switch region 2 (Gα13SR2) may represent a more global mechanism of platelet activation. Using multiple experimental approaches, our results demonstrate that Gα13SR2 forms a bi-molecular complex with the head domain of talin and thereby promotes β3 integrin activation. Moreover, additional studies provided evidence that Gα13SR2 is not constitutively associated with talin in unactivated platelets, but becomes bound to talin in response to elevated intraplatelet calcium levels. Collectively, these findings provide evidence for a novel paradigm of inside-out signaling in platelets, whereby β3 integrin activation involves the direct binding of the talin head domain to the switch region 2 sequence of the Gα13 subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashini Srinivasan
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612 and
| | - James Schiemer
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Programs in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pharmacology, and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612 and
| | - Athar H Chishti
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Programs in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pharmacology, and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Guy C Le Breton
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612 and
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135
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Dai A, Ye F, Taylor DW, Hu G, Ginsberg MH, Taylor KA. The Structure of a Full-length Membrane-embedded Integrin Bound to a Physiological Ligand. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:27168-27175. [PMID: 26391523 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.682377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased ligand binding to integrin ("activation") underpins many biological processes, such as leukocyte trafficking, cell migration, host-pathogen interaction, and hemostasis. Integrins exist in several conformations, ranging from compact and bent to extended and open. However, the exact conformation of membrane-embedded, full-length integrin bound to its physiological macromolecular ligand is still unclear. Integrin αIIbβ3, the most abundant integrin in platelets, has been a prototype for integrin activation studies. Using negative stain electron microscopy and nanodisc-embedding to provide a membrane-like environment, we visualized the conformation of full-length αIIbβ3 in both a Mn(2+)-activated, ligand-free state and a Mn(2+)-activated, fibrin-bound state. Activated but ligand-free integrins exist mainly in the compact conformation, whereas fibrin-bound αIIbβ3 predominantly exists in a fully extended, headpiece open conformation. Our results show that membrane-embedded, full-length integrin adopts an extended and open conformation when bound to its physiological macromolecular ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aguang Dai
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4380 and
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0726
| | - Dianne W Taylor
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4380 and
| | - Guiqing Hu
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4380 and
| | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0726
| | - Kenneth A Taylor
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4380 and.
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Singhal R, Annarapu GK, Pandey A, Chawla S, Ojha A, Gupta A, Cruz MA, Seth T, Guchhait P. Hemoglobin interaction with GP1bα induces platelet activation and apoptosis: a novel mechanism associated with intravascular hemolysis. Haematologica 2015; 100:1526-33. [PMID: 26341739 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.132183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravascular hemolysis increases the risk of hypercoagulation and thrombosis in hemolytic disorders. Our study shows a novel mechanism by which extracellular hemoglobin directly affects platelet activation. The binding of Hb to glycoprotein1bα activates platelets. Lower concentrations of Hb (0.37-3 μM) significantly increase the phosphorylation of signaling adapter proteins, such as Lyn, PI3K, AKT, and ERK, and promote platelet aggregation in vitro. Higher concentrations of Hb (3-6 μM) activate the pro-apoptotic proteins Bak, Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-9 and caspase-3, and increase platelet clot formation. Increased plasma Hb activates platelets and promotes their apoptosis, and plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of aggregation and development of the procoagulant state in hemolytic disorders. Furthermore, we show that in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, a chronic hemolytic disease characterized by recurrent events of intravascular thrombosis and thromboembolism, it is the elevated plasma Hb or platelet surface bound Hb that positively correlates with platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Singhal
- Disease Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region, Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India Biotechnology Department, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Gowtham K Annarapu
- Disease Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region, Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India Biotechnology Department, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ankita Pandey
- Disease Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region, Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Sheetal Chawla
- Disease Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region, Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Amrita Ojha
- Disease Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region, Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Avinash Gupta
- Disease Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region, Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Miguel A Cruz
- Thrombosis Research Division, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tulika Seth
- Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prasenjit Guchhait
- Disease Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region, Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
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137
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Abstract
Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing. Integrins also function as signal transducing receptors that can control intracellular pathways that regulate cell survival, proliferation, and cell fate. Conversely, cells can modulate the affinity of integrins for their ligands a process operationally defined as integrin activation. Analysis of activation of integrins has now provided a detailed molecular understanding of this unique form of “inside-out” signal transduction and revealed new paradigms of how transmembrane domains (TMD) can transmit long range allosteric changes in transmembrane proteins. Here, we will review how talin and mediates integrin activation and how the integrin TMD can transmit these inside out signals. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(12): 655-659]
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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138
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Bhoria P, Varma N, Malhotra P, Varma S, Luthra-Guptasarma M. Immunodiagnosis of platelet activation in immune thrombocytopenia through scFv antibodies cognate to activated IIb3 integrins. MAbs 2015; 7:1212-20. [PMID: 26301697 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1075681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder characterized by low platelet count and presence of IgG autoantibodies to platelet surface glycoproteins, such as α IIbβ3 and GPIb/IX. Our previous work has shown that platelets in ITP patients exist in an activated state. Two different marker-based approaches are used to study the course of platelet activation: (1) binding of PAC-1 antibody, signifying a change in αIIbβ3 conformation, and (2) expression of P-selectin, signifying alpha granule content release from platelets. Here, we describe the development of a new scFv antibody (R38) that, compared with PAC-1, appears to better distinguish between platelets of ITP patients and healthy controls. Notably, R38 was generated using commercially sourced resting-state integrin that was coated on a microtiter plate. Its ability to distinguish between ITP patients and healthy controls thus suggests that inadvertent integrin activation caused by coating involves a conformational change and exposure of a cryptic epitope. This report also describes for the first time the potential use of an scFv antibody in the immunodiagnosis of platelet activation in ITP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Bhoria
- a Department of Internal Medicine ; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research ; Chandigarh , India
| | - Neelam Varma
- b Hematology; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research ; Chandigarh , India
| | - Pankaj Malhotra
- a Department of Internal Medicine ; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research ; Chandigarh , India
| | - Subhash Varma
- a Department of Internal Medicine ; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research ; Chandigarh , India
| | - Manni Luthra-Guptasarma
- c Immunopathology; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research ; Chandigarh , India
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139
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Platelet Activation and Thrombus Formation over IgG Immune Complexes Requires Integrin αIIbβ3 and Lyn Kinase. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135738. [PMID: 26291522 PMCID: PMC4546160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IgG immune complexes contribute to the etiology and pathogenesis of numerous autoimmune disorders, including heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid- and collagen-induced arthritis, and chronic glomerulonephritis. Patients suffering from immune complex-related disorders are known to be susceptible to platelet-mediated thrombotic events. Though the role of the Fc receptor, FcγRIIa, in initiating platelet activation is well understood, the role of the major platelet adhesion receptor, integrin αIIbβ3, in amplifying platelet activation and mediating adhesion and aggregation downstream of encountering IgG immune complexes is poorly understood. The goal of this investigation was to gain a better understanding of the relative roles of these two receptor systems in immune complex-mediated thrombotic complications. Human platelets, and mouse platelets genetically engineered to differentially express FcγRIIa and αIIbβ3, were allowed to interact with IgG-coated surfaces under both static and flow conditions, and their ability to spread and form thrombi evaluated in the presence and absence of clinically-used fibrinogen receptor antagonists. Although binding of IgG immune complexes to FcγRIIa was sufficient for platelet adhesion and initial signal transduction events, platelet spreading and thrombus formation over IgG-coated surfaces showed an absolute requirement for αIIbβ3 and its ligands. Tyrosine kinases Lyn and Syk were found to play key roles in IgG-induced platelet activation events. Taken together, our data suggest a complex functional interplay between FcγRIIa, Lyn, and αIIbβ3 in immune complex-induced platelet activation. Future studies may be warranted to determine whether patients suffering from immune complex disorders might benefit from treatment with anti-αIIbβ3-directed therapeutics.
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140
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Wihadmadyatami H, Heidinger K, Röder L, Werth S, Giptner A, Hackstein H, Knorr M, Bein G, Sachs UJ, Santoso S. Alloantibody against new platelet alloantigen (Lapa) on glycoprotein IIb is responsible for a case of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Transfusion 2015; 55:2920-9. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hevi Wihadmadyatami
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Universitas Gadjah Mada; Yogyakarta Indonesia
| | - Kathrin Heidinger
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
| | - Lida Röder
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
| | - Silke Werth
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
| | - Astrid Giptner
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
| | - Holger Hackstein
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
| | - Martin Knorr
- Department of Paediatric Oncology and Haematology; University Clinic; Essen Germany
| | - Gregor Bein
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
| | - Ulrich J. Sachs
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
| | - Sentot Santoso
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
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141
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Li J, van der Wal DE, Zhu G, Xu M, Yougbare I, Ma L, Vadasz B, Carrim N, Grozovsky R, Ruan M, Zhu L, Zeng Q, Tao L, Zhai ZM, Peng J, Hou M, Leytin V, Freedman J, Hoffmeister KM, Ni H. Desialylation is a mechanism of Fc-independent platelet clearance and a therapeutic target in immune thrombocytopenia. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7737. [PMID: 26185093 PMCID: PMC4518313 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common bleeding disorder caused primarily by autoantibodies against platelet GPIIbIIIa and/or the GPIb complex. Current theory suggests that antibody-mediated platelet destruction occurs in the spleen, via macrophages through Fc-FcγR interactions. However, we and others have demonstrated that anti-GPIbα (but not GPIIbIIIa)-mediated ITP is often refractory to therapies targeting FcγR pathways. Here, we generate mouse anti-mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that recognize GPIbα and GPIIbIIIa of different species. Utilizing these unique mAbs and human ITP plasma, we find that anti-GPIbα, but not anti-GPIIbIIIa antibodies, induces Fc-independent platelet activation, sialidase neuraminidase-1 translocation and desialylation. This leads to platelet clearance in the liver via hepatocyte Ashwell-Morell receptors, which is fundamentally different from the classical Fc-FcγR-dependent macrophage phagocytosis. Importantly, sialidase inhibitors ameliorate anti-GPIbα-mediated thrombocytopenia in mice. These findings shed light on Fc-independent cytopenias, designating desialylation as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in the treatment of refractory ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Li
- 1] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 [2] Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8 [3] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8
| | - Dianne E van der Wal
- 1] Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8 [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8 [3] Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1G 4J5
| | - Guangheng Zhu
- 1] Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8 [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8
| | - Miao Xu
- 1] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 [2] Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8 [3] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8
| | - Issaka Yougbare
- 1] Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8 [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8 [3] Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1G 4J5
| | - Li Ma
- 1] Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8 [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8 [3] Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1G 4J5
| | - Brian Vadasz
- 1] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 [2] Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8 [3] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8
| | - Naadiya Carrim
- 1] Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8 [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8
| | - Renata Grozovsky
- Translational Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Min Ruan
- Department of Hematology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qingshu Zeng
- Department of Hematology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lili Tao
- Department of Hematology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhi-min Zhai
- Department of Hematology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ming Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Valery Leytin
- 1] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 [2] Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8 [3] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8
| | - John Freedman
- 1] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 [2] Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8 [3] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8 [4] Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Karin M Hoffmeister
- Translational Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Heyu Ni
- 1] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 [2] Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8 [3] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8 [4] Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1G 4J5 [5] Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 [6] Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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142
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Popp M, Thielmann I, Nieswandt B, Stegner D. Normal Platelet Integrin Function in Mice Lacking Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Clone-5 (Hic-5). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133429. [PMID: 26172113 PMCID: PMC4501753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin αIIbβ3 plays a central role in the adhesion and aggregation of platelets and thus is essential for hemostasis and thrombosis. Integrin activation requires the transmission of a signal from the small cytoplasmic tails of the α or β subunit to the large extracellular domains resulting in conformational changes of the extracellular domains to enable ligand binding. Hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone-5 (Hic-5), a member of the paxillin family, serves as a focal adhesion adaptor protein associated with αIIbβ3 at its cytoplasmic tails. Previous studies suggested Hic-5 as a novel regulator of integrin αIIbβ3 activation and platelet aggregation in mice. To assess this in more detail, we generated Hic-5-null mice and analyzed activation and aggregation of their platelets in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, lack of Hic-5 had no detectable effect on platelet integrin activation and function in vitro and in vivo under all tested conditions. These results indicate that Hic-5 is dispensable for integrin αIIbβ3 activation and consequently for arterial thrombosis and hemostasis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Popp
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine-Vascular Medicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ina Thielmann
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine-Vascular Medicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine-Vascular Medicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Stegner
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine-Vascular Medicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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143
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Abstract
Protein kinase Cθ (PKCθ) is a key enzyme in T-lymphocytes where it plays an important role in signal transduction downstream of the activated T-cell receptor (TCR) and the CD28 co-stimulatory receptor. Antigenic stimulation of T-cells triggers PKCθ translocation to the centre of the immunological synapse (IS) at the contact site between antigen-specific T-cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The IS-residing PKCθ phosphorylates and activates effector molecules that transduce signals into distinct subcellular compartments and activate the transcription factors, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) and activating protein 1 (AP-1), which are essential for the induction of T-cell-mediated responses. Besides its major biological role in T-cells, PKCθ is expressed in several additional cell types and is involved in a variety of distinct physiological and pathological phenomena. For example, PKCθ is expressed at high levels in platelets where it regulates signal transduction from distinct surface receptors, and is required for optimal platelet activation and aggregation, as well as haemostasis. In addition, PKCθ is involved in physiological processes regulating insulin resistance and susceptibility to obesity, and is expressed at high levels in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs), although the functional importance of PKCθ in these processes and cell types is not fully clear. The present article briefly reviews selected topics relevant to the biological roles of PKCθ in health and disease.
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144
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Ulucan Ş, Keser A, Kaya Z, Katlandur H, Özdil H, Bilgi M, Ateş İ, Ülgen MS. Association between PDW and Long Term Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Heart Lung Circ 2015; 25:29-34. [PMID: 26166174 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to perform a preliminary evaluation of the potential association between platelet distribution width (PDW) and frequency of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) development in an observational study of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. METHODS A total of 679 consecutive patients with ACS (498 (73.3%) males; mean age was 63.31±11.2 years; study population composed of 320 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 359 patients with unstable angina pectoris) subjected to primary percutaneous coronary intervention with transradial approach (TRA) were retrospectively enrolled to the study. Tertiles were formed based on PDW levels. The associations between PDW and in-hospital and long-term MACEs were analysed. RESULTS The frequencies of in-hospital instent thrombosis (P=0.05), long-term instent restenosis (P=0.005) and long-term total MACEs (P=0.008) were higher in tertiles having a high PDW value. In multivariate analyses, PDW was an independent predictor of in-hospital and long-term MACEs (odds ratio 1.081, 95% confidence interval 1.003-1.165; p=0.042). The projected Kaplan-Meier incidence of a MACEs in the PDW tertiles groups were 12.8%, 12.1%, and 21.6% at 40 months (respectively, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS The pre-procedural PDW may be an independent predictor of both in-hospital and long-term adverse outcomes in patients with ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şeref Ulucan
- Department of Cardiology, Mevlana University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Keser
- Department of Cardiology, Mevlana University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Zeynettin Kaya
- Department of Cardiology, Mevlana University, Konya, Turkey.
| | | | - Hüseyin Özdil
- Department of Cardiology, Mevlana University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Bilgi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mevlana University, Konya, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ateş
- Department of Cardiology, Kazakh National University of S.D. Asfendiyarov, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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145
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Guidetti GF, Canobbio I, Torti M. PI3K/Akt in platelet integrin signaling and implications in thrombosis. Adv Biol Regul 2015; 59:36-52. [PMID: 26159296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Blood platelets are anucleated circulating cells that play a critical role in hemostasis and are also implicated in arterial thrombosis, a major cause of death worldwide. The biological function of platelets strongly relies in their reactiveness to a variety of extracellular agonists that regulate their adhesion to extracellular matrix at the site of vascular injury and their ability to form rapidly growing cell aggregates. Among the membrane receptors expressed on the cell surface, integrins are crucial for both platelet activation, adhesion and aggregation. Integrin affinity for specific ligands is regulated by intracellular signaling pathways activated in stimulated platelets, and, once engaged, integrins themselves generate and propagate signals inside the cells to reinforce and consolidate platelet response and thrombus formation. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (PI3Ks) have emerged as crucial players in platelet activation, and they are directly implicated in the regulation of integrin function. This review will discuss the contribution of PI3Ks in platelet integrin signaling, focusing on the role of specific members of class I PI3Ks and their downstream effector Akt on both integrin inside-out and outside-in signaling. The contribution of the PI3K/Akt pathways stimulated by integrin engagement and platelet activation in thrombus formation and stabilization will also be discussed in order to highlight the possibility to target these enzymes in effective anti-thrombotic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni F Guidetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratories of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratories of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Torti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratories of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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146
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Tokuda H, Kuroyanagi G, Tsujimoto M, Enomoto Y, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Onuma T, Kojima A, Doi T, Tanabe K, Akamatsu S, Iida H, Ogura S, Otsuka T, Iwama T, Tanikawa T, Ishikawa K, Kojima K, Kozawa O. Release of Phosphorylated HSP27 (HSPB1) from Platelets Is Accompanied with the Acceleration of Aggregation in Diabetic Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128977. [PMID: 26046355 PMCID: PMC4457785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between HSP27 phosphorylation and collagen-stimulated activation of platelets in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Platelet-rich plasma was prepared from blood of type 2 DM patients. The platelet aggregation was analyzed in size of aggregates by an aggregometer using a laser scattering method. The protein phosphorylation was analyzed by Western blotting. Phosphorylated-HSP27 and PDGF-AB released from platelets were measured by ELISA. The phosphorylated-HSP27 levels at Ser-78 and Ser-82 induced by collagen were directly proportional to the platelet aggregation. Total HSP27 levels in platelets were decreased concomitantly with the phosphorylation. The released HSP27 levels were significantly correlated with the phosphorylated levels of HSP27 in the platelets stimulated by 0.3 μg/ml collagen. The low dose collagen-stimulated release of HSP27 was detected but relatively small in healthy donors. The released levels of PDGF-AB were in parallel with the levels of released HSP27. Area under the curve (AUC) of small aggregation (9-25 μm) induced by 0.3 μg/ml collagen was inversely proportional to the levels of released HSP27. AUC of large aggregation (50-70 μm) was directly proportional to the levels of released HSP27. Exogenous recombinant phosphorylated- HSP27 hardly affected the aggregation or the released levels of PDGF-AB induced by collagen. These results strongly suggest that HSP27 is released from human platelets accompanied with its phosphorylation induced by collagen, which is correlated with the acceleration of platelet aggregation in type 2 DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Tokuda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Gen Kuroyanagi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masanori Tsujimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukiko Enomoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Onuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akiko Kojima
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Matsunami General Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Doi
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kumiko Tanabe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shigeru Akamatsu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Matsunami General Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinji Ogura
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takanobu Otsuka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toru Iwama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahisa Tanikawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kei Ishikawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kumi Kojima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Osamu Kozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Kwon HW, Shin JH, Cho HJ, Rhee MH, Park HJ. Total saponin from Korean Red Ginseng inhibits binding of adhesive proteins to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa via phosphorylation of VASP (Ser(157)) and dephosphorylation of PI3K and Akt. J Ginseng Res 2015; 40:76-85. [PMID: 26843825 PMCID: PMC4703804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Binding of adhesive proteins (i.e., fibrinogen, fibronectin, vitronectin) to platelet integrin glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (αIIb/β3) by various agonists (thrombin, collagen, adenosine diphosphate) involve in strength of thrombus. This study was carried out to evaluate the antiplatelet effect of total saponin from Korean Red Ginseng (KRG-TS) by investigating whether KRG-TS inhibits thrombin-induced binding of fibrinogen and fibronectin to αIIb/β3. Methods We investigated the effect of KRG-TS on phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and dephosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt, affecting binding of fibrinogen and fibronectin to αIIb/β3, and clot retraction. Results KRG-TS had an antiplatelet effect by inhibiting the binding of fibrinogen and fibronectin to αIIb/β3 via phosphorylation of VASP (Ser157), and dephosphorylation of PI3K and Akt on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Moreover, A-kinase inhibitor Rp-8-Br-cyclic adenosine monophosphates (cAMPs) reduced KRG-TS-increased VASP (Ser157) phosphorylation, and increased KRG-TS-inhibited fibrinogen-, and fibronectin-binding to αIIb/β3. These findings indicate that KRG-TS interferes with the binding of fibrinogen and fibronectin to αIIb/β3 via cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of VASP (Ser157). In addition, KRG-TS decreased the rate of clot retraction, reflecting inhibition of αIIb/β3 activation. In this study, we clarified ginsenoside Ro (G-Ro) in KRG-TS inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation via both inhibition of [Ca2+]i mobilization and increase of cAMP production. Conclusion These results strongly indicate that KRG-TS is a beneficial herbal substance inhibiting fibrinogen-, and fibronectin-binding to αIIb/β3, and clot retraction, and may prevent platelet αIIb/β3-mediated thrombotic disease. In addition, we demonstrate that G-Ro is a novel compound with antiplatelet characteristics of KRG-TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk-Woo Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University, Gyungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hae Shin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University, Gyungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Cho
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Jin Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University, Gyungnam, Republic of Korea
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148
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Fang H, Yue R, Ga Y, Zhang Y, Shan L, Zhao J. Analysis of Cynandione A's Anti-Ischemic Stroke Effects from Pathways and Protein-Protein Interactome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124632. [PMID: 25955557 PMCID: PMC4425521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the third leading cause of death in the world. Our previous study found that cynandione A (CYNA), the main component from the root of Cynanchum bungei, exhibits anti-ischemic stroke activity. In this work, we investigated the therapeutic mechanisms of CYNA to ischemic stroke at protein network level. First, PC12 cells and cerebellar granule neurons were prepared to validate the effects of CYNA against glutamate injury. Our experiments suggested that CYNA could dose-dependently mitigate glutamate-induced neurons neurotoxicity and inhibit glutamate-induced upregulation of KHSRP and HMGB1, further confirming the neuroprotective effects of CYNA in vivo. Then, on the pathway sub-networks, which present biological processes that can be impacted directly or in periphery nodes by drugs via their targets, we found that CYNA regulates 11 pathways associated with the biological process of thrombotic or embolic occlusion of a cerebral artery. Meanwhile, by defining a network-based anti-ischemic stroke effect score, we showed that CYNA has a significantly higher effect score than random counterparts, which suggests a synergistic effect of CYNA to ischemic stroke. This study may shed new lights on the study of network based pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Fang
- Department of Mathematics, Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongcai Yue
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Ga
- Tibet Traditional Medical College, Lhasa, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- The National Medical College, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Shan
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (LS)
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Mathematics, Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (LS)
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149
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Abstract
PURPOSE This retrospective study was done to investigate the mean platelet volume (MPV) level in patients with psoriasis vulgaris and its relationship with disease severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We undertook a cross-sectional study on 176 patients and 101 healthy controls to examine the association between MPV and psoriasis. Various clinical and laboratory parameters were analyzed and compared. RESULTS Platelet distribution width and MPV were significantly higher in patients with psoriasis than controls. In addition, there was positive correlation between Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) and MPV. When psoriasis patients were grouped into mild psoriasis (PASI<10) and moderate to severe psoriasis (PASI≥10), the MPV of the latter group was significantly elevated. Nevertheless, patients with higher MPV level (MPV≥10.4 fL) did not show higher PASI than lower MPV level (MPV<10.4 fL). MPV levels significantly decreased after improvements of psoriasis with various treatments. The variations of MPV and PASI also showed significant correlation. CONCLUSION We have shown that MPV is increased in psoriasis patients and correlates with disease severity. Therefore, MPV levels may be considered as a marker of disease severity of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Suk Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungsoo Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Min Kim
- Department of Dermatology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Min-Geol Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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150
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Restoration of responsiveness of phospholipase Cγ2-deficient platelets by enforced expression of phospholipase Cγ1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119739. [PMID: 25793864 PMCID: PMC4368822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-mediated platelet activation requires phospholipase C (PLC) activity to elevate intracellular calcium and induce actin cytoskeleton reorganization. PLCs are classified into structurally distinct β, γ, δ, ε, ζ, and η isoforms. There are two PLCγ isoforms (PLCγ1, PLCγ2), which are critical for activation by tyrosine kinase-dependent receptors. Platelets express both PLCγ1 and PLCγ2. Although PLCγ2 has been shown to play a dominant role in platelet activation, the extent to which PLCγ1 contributes has not been evaluated. To ascertain the relative contributions of PLCγ1 and PLCγ2 to platelet activation, we generated conditionally PLCγ1-deficient, wild-type (WT), PLCγ2-deficient, and PLCγ1/PLCγ2 double-deficient mice and measured the ability of platelets to respond to different agonists. We found that PLCγ2 deficiency abrogated αIIbβ3-dependent platelet spreading, GPVI-dependent platelet aggregation, and thrombus formation on collagen-coated surfaces under shear conditions, which is dependent on both GPVI and αIIbβ3. Addition of exogenous ADP overcame defective spreading of PLCγ2-deficient platelets on immobilized fibrinogen, suggesting that PLCγ2 is required for granule secretion in response to αIIbβ3 ligation. Consistently, αIIbβ3-mediated release of granule contents was impaired in the absence of PLCγ2. In contrast, PLCγ1-deficient platelets spread and released granule contents normally on fibrinogen, exhibited normal levels of GPVI-dependent aggregation, and formed thrombi normally on collagen-coated surfaces. Interestingly, enforced expression of PLCγ1 fully restored GPVI-dependent aggregation and αIIbβ3-dependent spreading of PLCγ2-deficient platelets. We conclude that platelet activation through GPVI and αIIbβ3 utilizes PLCγ2 because PLCγ1 levels are insufficient to support responsiveness, but that PLCγ1 can restore responsiveness if expressed at levels normally achieved by PLCγ2.
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