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Munikrishnappa CS, Suresh Kumar G, Bhandare RR, Shaik AB. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel bromo-pyrimidine analogues as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Zhang Y, Tan Q, Cao P, Chen C, Chen W. Chronic myeloid leukemia with a significant increase of monocytes and rare karyotype: A case report and literature review. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 46:322-327. [PMID: 33927081 PMCID: PMC10929936 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.200273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia with a significant increase of monocytes is rare and difficult to identify from chronic myelo-monocytic leukemia in clinic. A 31-year-old male patient with systemic pain was initially diagnosed as chronic myelo-monocytic leukemia, who was finally diagnosed as chronic myeloid leukemia by fusion gene and chromosome examination. In addition to the typical Ph chromosome, a rare chromosome translocation t(2; 7)(p13; p22) was observed. The detection of monocyte subsets by multi-parameter flow cytometry is a diagnostic marker to distinguish the above 2 diseases. The relationship between fusion genes and mononucleosis is not clear. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be used in the treatment for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008.
| | - Qian Tan
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008
| | - Pengfei Cao
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha 410004, China.
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Gene Transactivation and Transrepression in MYC-Driven Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073458. [PMID: 33801599 PMCID: PMC8037706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is a proto-oncogene regulating a large number of genes involved in a plethora of cellular functions. Its deregulation results in activation of MYC gene expression and/or an increase in MYC protein stability. MYC overexpression is a hallmark of malignant growth, inducing self-renewal of stem cells and blocking senescence and cell differentiation. This review summarizes the latest advances in our understanding of MYC-mediated molecular mechanisms responsible for its oncogenic activity. Several recent findings indicate that MYC is a regulator of cancer genome and epigenome: MYC modulates expression of target genes in a site-specific manner, by recruiting chromatin remodeling co-factors at promoter regions, and at genome-wide level, by regulating the expression of several epigenetic modifiers that alter the entire chromatin structure. We also discuss novel emerging therapeutic strategies based on both direct modulation of MYC and its epigenetic cofactors.
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104
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Assessment of individual molecular response in chronic myeloid leukemia patients with atypical BCR-ABL1 fusion transcripts: recommendations by the EUTOS cooperative network. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:3081-3089. [PMID: 33677711 PMCID: PMC8397658 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Approximately 1–2% of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients harbor atypical BCR-ABL1 transcripts that cannot be monitored by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) using standard methodologies. Within the European Treatment and Outcome Study (EUTOS) for CML we established and validated robust RT-qPCR methods for these patients. Methods BCR-ABL1 transcripts were amplified and sequenced to characterize the underlying fusion. Residual disease monitoring was carried out by RT-qPCR with specific primers and probes using serial dilutions of appropriate BCR-ABL1 and GUSB plasmid DNA calibrators. Results were expressed as log reduction of the BCR-ABL1/GUSB ratio relative to the patient-specific baseline value and evaluated as an individual molecular response (IMR). Results In total, 330 blood samples (2–34 per patient, median 8) from 33 CML patients (19 male, median age 62 years) were analyzed. Patients expressed seven different atypical BCR-ABL1 transcripts (e1a2, n = 6; e6a2, n = 1; e8a2, n = 2; e13a3, n = 4; e14a3, n = 6; e13a3/e14a3, n = 2; e19a2, n = 12). Most patients (61%) responded well to TKI therapy and achieved an IMR of at least one log reduction 3 months after diagnosis. Four patients relapsed with a significant increase of BCR-ABL1/GUSB ratios. Conclusions Characterization of atypical BCR-ABL1 transcripts is essential for adequate patient monitoring and to avoid false-negative results. The results cannot be expressed on the International Scale (IS) and thus the common molecular milestones and guidelines for treatment are difficult to apply. We, therefore, suggest reporting IMR levels in these cases as a time-dependent log reduction of BCR-ABL1 transcript levels compared to baseline prior to therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-021-03569-8.
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Altered apoptotic protein expressions characterize the survival of Bcr-Abl-independent drug-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cell line. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.848797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zizioli D, Bernardi S, Varinelli M, Farina M, Mignani L, Bosio K, Finazzi D, Monti E, Polverelli N, Malagola M, Borsani E, Borsani G, Russo D. Development of BCR-ABL1 Transgenic Zebrafish Model Reproducing Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Like-Disease and Providing a New Insight into CML Mechanisms. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020445. [PMID: 33669758 PMCID: PMC7922348 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish has proven to be a versatile and reliable experimental in vivo tool to study human hematopoiesis and model hematological malignancies. Transgenic technologies enable the generation of specific leukemia types by the expression of human oncogenes under specific promoters. Using this technology, a variety of myeloid and lymphoid malignancies zebrafish models have been described. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasia characterized by the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene, derived from the t (9;22) translocation causing the Philadelphia Chromosome (Ph). The BCR-ABL1 protein is a constitutively activated tyrosine kinas inducing the leukemogenesis and resulting in an accumulation of immature leukemic cells into bone marrow and peripheral blood. To model Ph+ CML, a transgenic zebrafish line expressing the human BCR-ABL1 was generated by the Gal4/UAS system, and then crossed with the hsp70-Gal4 transgenic line. The new line named (BCR-ABL1pUAS:CFP/hsp70-Gal4), presented altered expression of hematopoietic markers during embryonic development compared to controls and transgenic larvae showed proliferating hematopoietic cells in the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT). The present transgenic zebrafish would be a robust CML model and a high-throughput drug screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Zizioli
- Unit of Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.V.); (L.M.); (D.F.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: daniela.zizioli@unibs; Tel.: +39-(03)-03717546
| | - Simona Bernardi
- Unit of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (M.F.); (K.B.); (N.P.); (M.M.); (D.R.)
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica AIL (CREA), ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Varinelli
- Unit of Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.V.); (L.M.); (D.F.); (E.M.)
| | - Mirko Farina
- Unit of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (M.F.); (K.B.); (N.P.); (M.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Luca Mignani
- Unit of Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.V.); (L.M.); (D.F.); (E.M.)
| | - Katia Bosio
- Unit of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (M.F.); (K.B.); (N.P.); (M.M.); (D.R.)
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica AIL (CREA), ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Dario Finazzi
- Unit of Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.V.); (L.M.); (D.F.); (E.M.)
- Laboratorio Centrale Analisi Chimico-Cliniche, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Eugenio Monti
- Unit of Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.V.); (L.M.); (D.F.); (E.M.)
| | - Nicola Polverelli
- Unit of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (M.F.); (K.B.); (N.P.); (M.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Michele Malagola
- Unit of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (M.F.); (K.B.); (N.P.); (M.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Elisa Borsani
- Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Borsani
- Unit of Biology and Genetic, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Domenico Russo
- Unit of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (M.F.); (K.B.); (N.P.); (M.M.); (D.R.)
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Suttorp M, Millot F, Sembill S, Deutsch H, Metzler M. Definition, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Essential Criteria for Diagnosis of Pediatric Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040798. [PMID: 33672937 PMCID: PMC7917817 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The low incidence (1:1,000,000) of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in the first two decades of life presents an obstacle to accumulation of pediatric experience and knowledge on this leukemia. Biological features of CML are shared but also differing between adult and pediatric patients. This review aims; (i) to define the disease based on an unified terminology, (ii) to list the diseases to be considered as a differential diagnosis in children, (iii) to outlines the morphological, histopathological and immuno-phenotypical findings of pediatric CML, (iv) to illustrate rare but classical complications resulting from high white cell and platelet counts at diagnosis, and (v) to recommend a uniform approach for the diagnostic procedures to be applied. Evidently, only a clear detailed picture of all relevant features can lay the basis for standardized treatment approaches. Abstract Depending on the analytical tool applied, the hallmarks of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are the Philadelphia Chromosome and the resulting mRNA fusion transcript BCR-ABL1. With an incidence of 1 per 1 million of children this malignancy is very rare in the first 20 years of life. This article aims to; (i) define the disease based on the WHO nomenclature, the appropriate ICD 11 code and to unify the terminology, (ii) delineate features of epidemiology, etiology, and pathophysiology that are shared, but also differing between adult and pediatric patients with CML, (iii) give a short summary on the diseases to be considered as a differential diagnosis of pediatric CML, (iv) to describe the morphological, histopathological and immunophenotypical findings of CML in pediatric patients, (v) illustrate rare but classical complications resulting from rheological problems observed at diagnosis, (vi) list essential and desirable diagnostic criteria, which hopefully in the future will help to unify the attempts when approaching this rare pediatric malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meinolf Suttorp
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Medical Faculty, Technical University Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-351-458-3522; Fax: +49-351-458-5864
| | - Frédéric Millot
- Inserm CIC 1402, University Hospital Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France; (F.M.); (H.D.)
| | - Stephanie Sembill
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, D-91504 Erlangen, Germany; (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Hélène Deutsch
- Inserm CIC 1402, University Hospital Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France; (F.M.); (H.D.)
| | - Markus Metzler
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, D-91504 Erlangen, Germany; (S.S.); (M.M.)
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The prognostic importance of BCR-ABL transcripts in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Leuk Res 2021; 101:106512. [PMID: 33524640 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2021.106512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is characterized by the overproduction of BCR-ABL, a tyrosine kinase with constitutive activity, in which the majority of CML patients have e13a2 or e14a2 transcripts. Reckoned the possible associations between the hematologic and molecular features of the disease, a profound understanding of different aspects of this neoplasm would be provided. METHOD The authors implemented a systematic literature search, utilizing the terms published articles or internationally accepted abstracts from PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane library before January 2019. Weighted mean proportion and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of CML prevalence calculated using a fixed-effects and a random-effects model. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic. RESULTS 34 studies for a total of 54,034 Patients were selected and included in the review. Results revealed that compared to e13a2 group, the overall estimated prevalence is much higher in the e14a2 (39 % and 54 %, respectively). Besides, the overall estimated prevalence ratio of male to female was higher in the e13a2 group in comparison to e14a2 (1.08 and 0.856 respectively). The overall estimated prevalence of dual transcription of e13a2/e14a2 was 1.11 %, and male/female overall estimated prevalence ratio was 1.18. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis of CML patients demonstrated the e14a2 as the more common transcript type. Usually, the e14a2 transcript is prevalent in females, whereas e13a2 and dual transcription of e13a2/e14a2 are more common in men. These data explicate that the differences in proportion are not by chance. This is crucial, as the transcript type is a variable suspected to be of prognostic importance for the treatment-related response, the outcome of treatment, and the rate of treatment-free remission.
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Lo Iacono M, Signorino E, Petiti J, Pradotto M, Calabrese C, Panuzzo C, Caciolli F, Pergolizzi B, De Gobbi M, Rege-Cambrin G, Fava C, Giachino C, Bracco E, Saglio G, Frassoni F, Cilloni D. Genetic Screening for Potential New Targets in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Based on Drosophila Transgenic for Human BCR-ABL1. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020293. [PMID: 33466839 PMCID: PMC7830713 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome that originates from the reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) and encodes for the constitutively active tyrosine kinase protein BCR-ABL1 from the Breakpoint Cluster Region (BCR) sequence and the Abelson (ABL1) gene. Despite BCR-ABL1 being one of the most studied oncogenic proteins, some molecular mechanisms remain enigmatic, and several of the proteins, acting either as positive or negative BCR-ABL1 regulators, are still unknown. The Drosophila melanogaster represents a powerful tool for genetic investigations and a promising model to study the BCR-ABL1 signaling pathway. To identify new components involved in BCR-ABL1 transforming activity, we conducted an extensive genetic screening using different Drosophila mutant strains carrying specific small deletions within the chromosomes 2 and 3 and the gmrGal4,UAS-BCR-ABL1 4M/TM3 transgenic Drosophila as the background. From the screening, we identified several putative candidate genes that may be involved either in sustaining chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) or in its progression. We also identified, for the first time, a tight connection between the BCR-ABL1 protein and Rab family members, and this correlation was also validated in CML patients. In conclusion, our data identified many genes that, by interacting with BCR-ABL1, regulate several important biological pathways and could promote disease onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lo Iacono
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (E.S.); (J.P.); (M.P.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (F.C.); (B.P.); (M.D.G.); (G.R.-C.); (C.F.); (C.G.); (G.S.); (F.F.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6705445
| | - Elisabetta Signorino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (E.S.); (J.P.); (M.P.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (F.C.); (B.P.); (M.D.G.); (G.R.-C.); (C.F.); (C.G.); (G.S.); (F.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Jessica Petiti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (E.S.); (J.P.); (M.P.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (F.C.); (B.P.); (M.D.G.); (G.R.-C.); (C.F.); (C.G.); (G.S.); (F.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Monica Pradotto
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (E.S.); (J.P.); (M.P.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (F.C.); (B.P.); (M.D.G.); (G.R.-C.); (C.F.); (C.G.); (G.S.); (F.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Chiara Calabrese
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (E.S.); (J.P.); (M.P.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (F.C.); (B.P.); (M.D.G.); (G.R.-C.); (C.F.); (C.G.); (G.S.); (F.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Cristina Panuzzo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (E.S.); (J.P.); (M.P.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (F.C.); (B.P.); (M.D.G.); (G.R.-C.); (C.F.); (C.G.); (G.S.); (F.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Francesca Caciolli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (E.S.); (J.P.); (M.P.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (F.C.); (B.P.); (M.D.G.); (G.R.-C.); (C.F.); (C.G.); (G.S.); (F.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Barbara Pergolizzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (E.S.); (J.P.); (M.P.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (F.C.); (B.P.); (M.D.G.); (G.R.-C.); (C.F.); (C.G.); (G.S.); (F.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Marco De Gobbi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (E.S.); (J.P.); (M.P.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (F.C.); (B.P.); (M.D.G.); (G.R.-C.); (C.F.); (C.G.); (G.S.); (F.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Giovanna Rege-Cambrin
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (E.S.); (J.P.); (M.P.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (F.C.); (B.P.); (M.D.G.); (G.R.-C.); (C.F.); (C.G.); (G.S.); (F.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Carmen Fava
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (E.S.); (J.P.); (M.P.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (F.C.); (B.P.); (M.D.G.); (G.R.-C.); (C.F.); (C.G.); (G.S.); (F.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Claudia Giachino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (E.S.); (J.P.); (M.P.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (F.C.); (B.P.); (M.D.G.); (G.R.-C.); (C.F.); (C.G.); (G.S.); (F.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Enrico Bracco
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (E.S.); (J.P.); (M.P.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (F.C.); (B.P.); (M.D.G.); (G.R.-C.); (C.F.); (C.G.); (G.S.); (F.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Francesco Frassoni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (E.S.); (J.P.); (M.P.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (F.C.); (B.P.); (M.D.G.); (G.R.-C.); (C.F.); (C.G.); (G.S.); (F.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniela Cilloni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (E.S.); (J.P.); (M.P.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (F.C.); (B.P.); (M.D.G.); (G.R.-C.); (C.F.); (C.G.); (G.S.); (F.F.); (D.C.)
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Chen W, Cui W, Qiu Y, Cui D. Research Progress of Chimeric RNA and Health. Health (London) 2021. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2021.134036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Smidova V, Michalek P, Goliasova Z, Eckschlager T, Hodek P, Adam V, Heger Z. Nanomedicine of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Theranostics 2021; 11:1546-1567. [PMID: 33408767 PMCID: PMC7778595 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in nanomedicine and targeted therapy brings new breeze into the field of therapeutic applications of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). These drugs are known for many side effects due to non-targeted mechanism of action that negatively impact quality of patients' lives or that are responsible for failure of the drugs in clinical trials. Some nanocarrier properties provide improvement of drug efficacy, reduce the incidence of adverse events, enhance drug bioavailability, helps to overcome the blood-brain barrier, increase drug stability or allow for specific delivery of TKIs to the diseased cells. Moreover, nanotechnology can bring new perspectives into combination therapy, which can be highly efficient in connection with TKIs. Lastly, nanotechnology in combination with TKIs can be utilized in the field of theranostics, i.e. for simultaneous therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. The review provides a comprehensive overview of advantages and future prospects of conjunction of nanotransporters with TKIs as a highly promising approach to anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Smidova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Michalek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zita Goliasova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Eckschlager
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5 CZ-15006, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hodek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Terao T, Ashimine H, Tsuyama N, Ikeda D, Kuzume A, Tabata R, Tsushima T, Miura D, Narita K, Takeuchi M, Takeuchi K, Matsue K. Development of BCR-ABL1-positive ɤδ T-cell leukemia after treatment for thymoma type B1. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 62:1259-1262. [PMID: 33284042 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1856834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Terao
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kameda Medical Centre, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroya Ashimine
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kameda Medical Centre, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoko Tsuyama
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ikeda
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kameda Medical Centre, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kuzume
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kameda Medical Centre, Chiba, Japan
| | - Rikako Tabata
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kameda Medical Centre, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tsushima
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kameda Medical Centre, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Miura
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kameda Medical Centre, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kentaro Narita
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kameda Medical Centre, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masami Takeuchi
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kameda Medical Centre, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kengo Takeuchi
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosei Matsue
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kameda Medical Centre, Chiba, Japan
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Habib EM, Nosiar NA, Eid MA, Taha AM, Sherief DE, Hassan AE, Abdel Ghafar MT. Circulating miR-146a expression predicts early treatment response to imatinib in adult chronic myeloid leukemia. J Investig Med 2020; 69:333-337. [PMID: 33172871 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the prognostic role of circulating miR-146a in the prediction of early response to imatinib treatment in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Sixty patients with CML and 20 healthy controls were recruited in this study. BCR-ABL was assessed by quantitative rt-PCR at days 0 and 90 of imatinib therapy. Circulating miR-146a levels were assessed by quantitative rt-PCR at days 0, 14 and 90 of imatinib therapy for patients and once for controls. At day 90 of treatment, treatment response was achieved in 48 patients (80.0%). Responders had significantly lower baseline Sokal score when compared with non-responders. They also had significantly lower BCR-ABL expression at day 90 of treatment. The circulating miR-146a level was significantly lower in patients with CML than in healthy subjects and showed a significant rise after 14 days of imatinib treatment and an inverse correlation with BCR-ABL expression levels at 90 days. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, baseline BCR-ABL (%) (OR (95% CI) 1.09 (1.03 to 1.016), p=0.006) and miR-146a at 14 days (OR (95% CI) 0.002 (0.0 to 0.09), p=0.001) were significant predictors of treatment response. Using ROC curve analysis, it was found that miR-146a expression at 14 and 90 days could distinguish responders from non-responders (AUC (95% CI) 0.849 (0.733 to 0.928) and 0.867 (0.755 to 0.941), respectively). This study reported for the first time that measurement of the circulating miR-146a expression at 14 days can predict the early response to imatinib treatment in patients with CML. Thus, this work indicates that miR-146a should be investigated in the setting of treatment response to other tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Habib
- Clinical Pathology, Kafr el-Sheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Nahla A Nosiar
- Clinical Pathology, Kafr el-Sheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Manal A Eid
- Clinical Pathology, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Atef M Taha
- Internal Medicine, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dalia E Sherief
- Clinical Pathology, Kafr el-Sheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Asmaa E Hassan
- Clinical Pathology, Kafr el-Sheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt
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114
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Manley PW, Barys L, Cowan-Jacob SW. The specificity of asciminib, a potential treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia, as a myristate-pocket binding ABL inhibitor and analysis of its interactions with mutant forms of BCR-ABL1 kinase. Leuk Res 2020; 98:106458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2020.106458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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115
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Owojuyigbe TO, Durosinmi MA, Bolarinwa RAA, Salawu L, Akinola NO, Ademosun AA, Bosede OT. Distribution of BCR-ABL1 Transcript Variants in Nigerians with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2020; 36:646-651. [PMID: 33100706 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-020-01264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of BCR-ABL1 transcript variants e13a2 ("b2a2") and e14a2 ("b3a2") in Nigerians with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) had not been previously studied. In addition, there is paucity of data on the impact of BCR-ABL1 transcript variants on clinical presentation and survival in CML patients in Nigeria. The BCR-ABL1 transcript variants were analyzed in 230 Imatinib-treated CML patients at diagnosis. Patients with incomplete data (n = 28), e19a2 (n = 3) and e1a2 (n = 1) were excluded from analysis of transcript variant on disease presentation and survival leaving only 198. The frequencies of BCR-ABL1 transcript variants were 30 (13.0%), 114 (49.6%), 82 (35.7%), three (1.3%) and one (0.4%) for e13a2, e14a2, co-expression of e13a2/e14a2, e19a2 and e1a2, respectively. A significantly higher platelet count was found in patients with e13a2 variant (531.1 ± 563.4 × 109/L) than in those expressing e14a2 (488.2 ± 560.3 × 109/L) or e13a2/e14a2 (320.7 ± 215.8 × 109/L); p = 0.03. No significant differences were found between the variants with regards to gender, age, phase of disease at diagnosis, total white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, hematocrit, splenomegaly or hepatomegaly. Overall survival was higher but not statistically significant (p = 0.4) in patients with e14a2 variant (134 months) than in e13a2 (119 months) and co-expression of e13a2/e14a2 (115 months). Nigerian CML patients have the highest incidence of co-expression of e13a2 and e14a2. Distinct disease characteristics which contrast with findings from the Western countries were also identified in Nigerians which may be due to genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temilola O Owojuyigbe
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Muheez A Durosinmi
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Ramoni A A Bolarinwa
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Lateef Salawu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Norah O Akinola
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Abdulwaheed A Ademosun
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Oluwayomi T Bosede
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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116
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Xavier PLP, Müller S, Fukumasu H. Epigenetic Mechanisms in Canine Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:591843. [PMID: 33194754 PMCID: PMC7646326 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.591843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A plethora of data has highlighted the role of epigenetics in the development of cancer. Initiation and progression of different cancer types are associated with a variety of changes of epigenetic mechanisms, including aberrant DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miRNA expression. At the same time, advances in the available epigenetic tools allow to investigate and reverse these epigenetic changes and form the basis for the development of anticancer drugs in human oncology. Although human and canine cancer shares several common features, only recently that studies emerged investigating the epigenetic landscape in canine cancer and applying epigenetic modulators to canine cancer. This review focuses on the existing studies involving epigenetic changes in different types of canine cancer and the use of small-molecule inhibitors in canine cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Luiz Porfirio Xavier
- Laboratory of Comparative and Translational Oncology (LOCT), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Susanne Müller
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heidge Fukumasu
- Laboratory of Comparative and Translational Oncology (LOCT), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
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Prognostic Significance of Transcript-Type BCR - ABL1 in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2020; 12:e2020062. [PMID: 32952973 PMCID: PMC7485470 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2020.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by the presence of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. In more than 95% of CML patients, the typical BCR-ABL1 transcript subtypes are e13a2 (b2a2), e14a2 (b3a2), or the simultaneous expression of both. Other less frequent transcript subtypes, such as e1a2, e2a2, e6a2, e19a2, e1a3, e13a3, and e14a3, have been sporadically reported. The main purpose of this review is to assess the possible impact of different transcripts on the response rate to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the achievement of stable deep molecular responses (s-DMR), the potential maintenance of treatment-free remission (TFR), and long-term outcome of CML patients treated with TKIs. According to the majority of published studies, patients with e13a2 transcript treated with imatinib have lower and slower cytogenetic and molecular responses than those with e14a2 transcript. They should be considered a high-risk group that would most benefit from frontline treatment with second-generation TKIs (2GTIKIs). Although few studies have been published, similar significant differences in response rates to 2GTKIs have been not reported. The e14a2 transcript seems to be a favorable prognostic factor for obtaining s-DMR, irrespective of the TKI received, and is also associated with a very high rate of TFR maintenance. Indeed, patients with e13a2 transcript achieve a lower rate of s-DMR and experience a higher probability of TFR failure. According to most reported data in the literature, the type of transcript does not seem to affect long-term outcomes of CML patients treated with TKIs. In TFR, the e14a2 transcript appears to be related to favorable responses. 2GTKIs as frontline therapy might be a convenient approach in patients with e13a2 transcript to achieve optimal long-term outcomes.
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Investigation of the Mechanism of Shengmai Injection on Sepsis by Network Pharmacology Approaches. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4956329. [PMID: 32831866 PMCID: PMC7422069 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4956329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Shengmai injection (SMI) contains Ginsen Radix et Rhizoma Rubra, Ophiopogon japonicus, and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus. It is used as a supportive herbal medicine in the management of sepsis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and septic or hemorrhagic shock. An UPLC method was established to identify and evaluate SMI fingerprints. Fingerprint similarities of 9 batches of SMI were compared. The network platform, “TCM-components-core targets-key pathways,” was established, and the mechanism of SMI in the treatment of sepsis was investigated. The similarity of 9 batches of SMI fingerprints was greater than 0.91. 44 peaks were selected as the common peaks, of which 11 peaks were identified. KEGG functional pathway analysis showed SMI was mainly involved in the pathways of cancer, cell cycle, and p53 signaling, suggesting SMI protects multiple organs via regulating immunity, inflammation, apoptosis, and energy metabolism. GO enrichment analysis showed active SMI components regulated various biological processes and altered the pathophysiology of sepsis. The interplays between SMI and multiple energy metabolism signaling cascades confer protection from life-threatening multiple organ failure in sepsis.
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119
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Shanmuganathan N, Branford S. The Hidden Pathogenesis of CML: Is BCR-ABL1 the First Event? Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2020; 14:501-506. [PMID: 31696382 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-019-00549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Identification of the BCR-ABL1 fusion oncogene in patients diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) led to the development of targeted therapy responsible for the dramatic survival benefits observed in the past two decades. However, despite these revolutionary findings, there remains marked disparity in patient outcomes. Why do some patients present de novo while others evolve to the more aggressive stages of CML? Why can select patients successfully discontinue therapy as part of a treatment-free remission attempt whereas others fail to meet specific molecular milestones? RECENT FINDINGS BCR-ABL1 kinase mutations are only identified in approximately 50% of patients with poor responses and disease progression, suggesting the presence of alternative resistance mechanisms. Numerous institutions have identified the presence of additional genomic events in addition to BCR-ABL1 with the increasing availability of next-generation sequencing. We explore the potential pathways and events that may cooperate with BCR-ABL1 to answer these questions but also challenge the fundamental tenet that BCR-ABL1 is always the sole event initiating CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naranie Shanmuganathan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia. .,Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia. .,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. .,Department of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia. .,School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Susan Branford
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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120
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Chen Z, Hu S, Wang SA, Konopleva M, Tang Z, Xu J, Li S, Toruner G, Thakral B, Medeiros LJ, Tang G. Chronic myeloid leukemia presenting in lymphoblastic crisis, a differential diagnosis with Philadelphia-positive B-lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:2831-2838. [PMID: 32700989 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1795160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Rare patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) can present initially in lymphoblastic crisis (LBC) mimicking Ph + B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). We retrospectively reviewed 275 adults who diagnosed initially as Ph + B-ALL and identified 28 patients with at least one of three features supporting the diagnosis of CML-LBC: 1) a large discrepancy between the blast count and Ph + clone; 2) Ph + clone persistent when B-ALL in remission; 3) BCR/ABL1 fusion detected in segmented cells. BCR-ABL1 fusions were p210 in 25 patients and p190 in 3 patients. In comparison to patients with Ph + B-ALL, patients with CML-LBC were older; had higher leukocyte and absolute neutrophil counts; higher immature myeloid cells in peripheral blood; lower blast counts; and inferior outcomes. In addition, we prospectively analyzed 26 patients with Ph + B-lymphoblastic leukemia and identified 8 patients with features more consistent with CML-LBC. These findings highlight the importance of distinguishing CML-LBC from de novo Ph + B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhining Chen
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shimin Hu
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sa A Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhenya Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shaoying Li
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gokce Toruner
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Beenu Thakral
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guilin Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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121
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Ward RA, Fawell S, Floc'h N, Flemington V, McKerrecher D, Smith PD. Challenges and Opportunities in Cancer Drug Resistance. Chem Rev 2020; 121:3297-3351. [PMID: 32692162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There has been huge progress in the discovery of targeted cancer therapies in recent years. However, even for the most successful and impactful cancer drugs which have been approved, both innate and acquired mechanisms of resistance are commonplace. These emerging mechanisms of resistance have been studied intensively, which has enabled drug discovery scientists to learn how it may be possible to overcome such resistance in subsequent generations of treatments. In some cases, novel drug candidates have been able to supersede previously approved agents; in other cases they have been used sequentially or in combinations with existing treatments. This review summarizes the current field in terms of the challenges and opportunities that cancer resistance presents to drug discovery scientists, with a focus on small molecule therapeutics. As part of this review, common themes and approaches have been identified which have been utilized to successfully target emerging mechanisms of resistance. This includes the increase in target potency and selectivity, alternative chemical scaffolds, change of mechanism of action (covalents, PROTACs), increases in blood-brain barrier permeability (BBBP), and the targeting of allosteric pockets. Finally, wider approaches are covered such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), bispecific antibodies, antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), and combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Ward
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Stephen Fawell
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Nicolas Floc'h
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | | | | | - Paul D Smith
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
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122
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Signal-transducing adapter protein-1 is required for maintenance of leukemic stem cells in CML. Oncogene 2020; 39:5601-5615. [PMID: 32661325 PMCID: PMC7441008 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The family of signal-transducing adapter proteins (STAPs) has been reported to be involved in a variety of intracellular signaling pathways and implicated as transcriptional factors. We previously cloned STAP-2 as a c-Fms interacting protein and explored its effects on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) leukemogenesis. STAP-2 binds to BCR-ABL, upregulates BCR-ABL phosphorylation, and activates its downstream molecules. In this study, we evaluated the role of STAP-1, another member of the STAP family, in CML pathogenesis. We found that the expression of STAP-1 is aberrantly upregulated in CML stem cells (LSCs) in patients’ bone marrow. Using experimental model mice, deletion of STAP-1 prolonged the survival of CML mice with inducing apoptosis of LSCs. The impaired phosphorylation status of STAT5 by STAP-1 ablation leads to downregulation of antiapoptotic genes, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Interestingly, transcriptome analyses indicated that STAP-1 affects several signaling pathways related to BCR-ABL, JAK2, and PPARγ. This adapter protein directly binds to not only BCR-ABL, but also STAT5 proteins, showing synergistic effects of STAP-1 inhibition and BCR-ABL or JAK2 tyrosine kinase inhibition. Our results identified STAP-1 as a regulator of CML LSCs and suggested it to be a potential therapeutic target for CML.
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123
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Jin Y, Xu Z, Yan H, He Q, Yang X, Luo P. A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Cardiotoxicity Incidence of FDA-Approved Small-Molecule Kinase Inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:891. [PMID: 32595510 PMCID: PMC7303342 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous protein kinases encoded in the genome have become attractive targets for the treatment of different types of cancer. As of January 2020, a total of 52 small-molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs) have been approved by the FDA. With the numerous clinical trials and a heavy focus on drug safety, SMKI-induced cardiotoxicity, which is a life-threatening risk, has greatly attracted the attention of researchers. In this review, the SMKIs with cardiotoxicity incidence were described exhaustively. The data were collected from 42 clinical trials, 25 FDA-published documents, seven meta-analysis/systematic reviews, three case reports and more than 50 other types of articles. To date, 73% (38 of 52) of SMKIs have reported treatment-related cardiotoxicity. Among the 38 SMKIs with known cardiotoxicity, the rates of incidence of cardiac adverse events were QT prolongation: 47% (18 of 38), hypertension: 40% (15 of 38), left ventricular dysfunction: 34% (13 of 38), arrhythmia: 34% (13 of 38), heart failure: 26% (10 of 38) and ischemia or myocardial infarction: 29% (11 of 38). In the development process of novel SMKIs, more attention should be paid to balancing the treatment efficacy and the risk of cardiotoxicity. In preclinical drug studies, producing an accurate and reliable cardiotoxicity evaluation model is of key importance. To avoid the clinical potential cardiotoxicity risk and discontinuation of a highly effective drug, patients treated with SMKIs should be proactively monitored on the basis of a global standard. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms of SMKI-induced cardiotoxicity need to be further studied to develop new therapies for SMKI-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaochun Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peihua Luo
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Bansal D. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Children: Challenges and Opportunities : Based on 7th Dr. I. C. Verma Excellence Award for Young Pediatricians Delivered as Oration on 29th Sept. 2019. Indian J Pediatr 2020; 87:443-450. [PMID: 32086760 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) is an effective therapy for children and adolescents with chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). For the majority of patients with CML in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), imatinib is the TKI of choice for reasons of cost, availability, and experience. Children are exposed to therapy for a greater proportion of their lifetime as compared to adults. The adverse effects of prolonged administration of TKI is a subject of ongoing research, as more experience is collected. Therapy with TKI is currently considered to be life-long. Trials on stopping treatment are ongoing to explore if it may be feasible in selected patients, as reported in adults. Growth-failure is a concerning adverse effect. Currently, it seems unclear if the final height attained is within the expected range of the mid-parenteral height and growth standards. Whether the children will achieve a normal height at the end of their growth potential or remain below the predicted range is critical to decide if therapeutic interventions (E.g., growth hormone therapy, or interruption in TKI) should be considered during the period of growth potential. Research on CML in children is at a relatively slow pace, largely due to the rarity of the disease. This provides a unique opportunity for research in population-dense LMICs, as several tertiary centers tend to have a sizable cohort of children and adolescents with CML on follow-up. This narrative summarises the challenges and opportunities in dealing with CML in children, particularly in reference to a center in LMIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Bansal
- Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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125
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Cytopenia among CML Patients on Imatinib in Kenya: Types, Grades, and Time Course. Adv Hematol 2020; 2020:7696204. [PMID: 32454829 PMCID: PMC7240645 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7696204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Imatinib mesylate is the gold standard for the treatment of all phases of Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukemia. Patients on imatinib treatment may develop cytopenia due to drug toxicity. This study aimed to determine the types, grades, and time course of cytopenia in CML patients on imatinib at a Nairobi hospital. Methods This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of adult patients aged ≥18 years followed up at the Glivec International Patient Access Program (GIPAP) clinic from 2007 to 2015. Patients who developed cytopenia within 12 months of initiating imatinib were eligible. Clinical and hematologic data were retrieved from the patients' charts and entered into a study proforma. Measures of central tendency such as mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and variance were used for analysis. Results Sixty three percent (63.6%) of the 94 patients developed a monocytopenia, with anemia seen in 34%, neutropenia in 27.6%, and thrombocytopenia in 8% of the 94 patients. Anemia plus neutropenia was the most common bicytopenia at 12.7%. Pancytopenia was seen in only 5 of the 94 patients. Most of the cytopenia was grades 2 and 3. Anemia was present at baseline while neutropenia and thrombocytopenia developed within 12 months of imatinib initiation. Anemia resolved during the first 12 months of therapy while neutropenia and thrombocytopenia resolved within 24–36 months of treatment. Conclusion Monocytopenia, especially anemia, was the most common type of cytopenia. The cytopenia was predominantly grade 2, developed in majority of the patients within 6 months after imatinib initiation, and had resolved by 24–36 months after imatinib initiation.
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Li X, Song Y. Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) for targeted protein degradation and cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:50. [PMID: 32404196 PMCID: PMC7218526 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) has been developed to be a useful technology for targeted protein degradation. A bifunctional PROTAC molecule consists of a ligand (mostly small-molecule inhibitor) of the protein of interest (POI) and a covalently linked ligand of an E3 ubiquitin ligase (E3). Upon binding to the POI, the PROTAC can recruit E3 for POI ubiquitination, which is subjected to proteasome-mediated degradation. PROTAC complements nucleic acid-based gene knockdown/out technologies for targeted protein reduction and could mimic pharmacological protein inhibition. To date, PROTACs targeting ~ 50 proteins, many of which are clinically validated drug targets, have been successfully developed with several in clinical trials for cancer therapy. This article reviews PROTAC-mediated degradation of critical oncoproteins in cancer, particularly those in hematological malignancies. Chemical structures, cellular and in vivo activities, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of these PROTACs are summarized. In addition, potential advantages, challenges, and perspectives of PROTAC technology in cancer therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yongcheng Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Huang CH, Lee YC, Chiou JT, Shi YJ, Wang LJ, Chang LS. Arsenic trioxide-induced p38 MAPK and Akt mediated MCL1 downregulation causes apoptosis of BCR-ABL1-positive leukemia cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 397:115013. [PMID: 32305283 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced death of human BCR-ABL1-positive K562 and MEG-01 cells. ATO-induced apoptotic death in K562 cells was characterized by ROS-mediated mitochondrial depolarization, MCL1 downregulation, p38 MAPK activation, and Akt inactivation. ATO-induced BCR-ABL1 downregulation caused Akt inactivation but not p38 MAPK activation. Akt inactivation increased GSK3β-mediated MCL1 degradation, while p38 MAPK-mediated NFκB activation coordinated with HDAC1 suppressed MCL1 transcription. Inhibition of p38 MAPK activation or overexpression of constitutively active Akt increased MCL1 expression and promoted the survival of ATO-treated cells. Overexpression of MCL1 alleviated mitochondrial depolarization and cell death induced by ATO. The same pathway was found to be involved in ATO-induced death in MEG-01 cells. Remarkably, YM155 synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of ATO on K562 and MEG-01 cells through suppression of MCL1 and survivin. Collectively, our data indicate that ATO-induced p38 MAPK- and Akt-mediated MCL1 downregulation triggers apoptosis in K562 and MEG-01 cells, and that p38 MAPK activation is independent of ATO-induced BCR-ABL1 suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hui Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ting Chiou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jun Shi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jun Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Penter L, Wu CJ. Personal tumor antigens in blood malignancies: genomics-directed identification and targeting. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1595-1607. [PMID: 31985488 PMCID: PMC7108890 DOI: 10.1172/jci129209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematological malignancies have long been at the forefront of the development of novel immune-based treatment strategies. The earliest successful efforts originated from the extensive body of work in the field of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These efforts laid the foundation for the recent exciting era of cancer immunotherapy, which includes immune checkpoint blockade, personal neoantigen vaccines, and adoptive T cell transfer. At the heart of the specificity of these novel strategies is the recognition of target antigens presented by malignant cells to T cells. Here, we review the advances in systematic identification of minor histocompatibility antigens and neoantigens arising from personal somatic alterations or recurrent driver mutations. These exciting efforts pave the path for the implementation of personalized combinatorial cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livius Penter
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (CVK), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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130
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Jiang Y, Zhang J, Guo D, Zhang C, Hong L, Huang H, Liu H. Entire ABL1 Gene Deletion Without BCR/ABL1 Rearrangement in a Female Patient with B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:783-790. [PMID: 32158229 PMCID: PMC6986541 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s238336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disease characterized by lymphocytic B-line or T-line cells abnormally proliferating in the bone marrow or extramedullary sites. BCR/ABL1 fusion protein in patients with ALL accounts for acts in 15-30% of B-lineage ALL cases, usually in adolescence. However, entire ABL1 gene deletion without BCR/ABL1 rearrangement is a rare phenomenon in ALL patients. Here we describe the first case of entire ABL1 gene deletion without BCR/ABL1 rearrangement in a female B-ALL patient. Relevant literature is reviewed to explain the association between ABL1 deletion and the pathogenesis/prognosis of this disease. ABL gene deletion can repress the activation of p53 and p73, and disrupt TGF-β signaling pathway to allow malignant cells to invade the normal tissue. The clinical significance of ABL gene deletion needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226361, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenlu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lemin Hong
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongming Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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131
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Baykal-Köse S, Acikgoz E, Yavuz AS, Gönül Geyik Ö, Ateş H, Sezerman OU, Özsan GH, Yüce Z. Adaptive phenotypic modulations lead to therapy resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229104. [PMID: 32106243 PMCID: PMC7046262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance is a major problem in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We generated a TKI-resistant K562 sub-population, K562-IR, under selective imatinib-mesylate pressure. K562-IR cells are CD34-/CD38-, BCR-Abl-independent, proliferate slowly, highly adherent and form intact tumor spheroids. Loss of CD45 and other hematopoietic markers reveal these cells have diverged from their hematopoietic origin. CD34 negativity, high expression of E-cadherin and CD44; decreased levels of CD45 and β-catenin do not fully confer with the leukemic stem cell (LSC) phenotype. Expression analyses reveal that K562-IR cells differentially express tissue/organ development and differentiation genes. Our data suggest that the observed phenotypic shift is an adaptive process rendering cells under TKI stress to become oncogene independent. Cells develop transcriptional instability in search for a gene expression framework suitable for new environmental stresses, resulting in an adaptive phenotypic shift in which some cells partially display LSC-like properties. With leukemic/cancer stem cell targeted therapies underway, the difference between treating an entity and a spectrum of dynamic cellular states will have conclusive effects on the outcome.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Mice
- Mutation/drug effects
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Protein Domains/genetics
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Baykal-Köse
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Eda Acikgoz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Sinan Yavuz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Öykü Gönül Geyik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Halil Ateş
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Osman Uğur Sezerman
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Güner Hayri Özsan
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Yüce
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
- * E-mail: ,
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Computational Cancer Cell Models to Guide Precision Breast Cancer Medicine. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11030263. [PMID: 32121160 PMCID: PMC7140855 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Large-scale screening of drug sensitivity on cancer cell models can mimic in vivo cellular behavior providing wider scope for biological research on cancer. Since the therapeutic effect of a single drug or drug combination depends on the individual patient’s genome characteristics and cancer cells integration reaction, the identification of an effective agent in an in vitro model by using large number of cancer cell models is a promising approach for the development of targeted treatments. Precision cancer medicine is to select the most appropriate treatment or treatments for an individual patient. However, it still lacks the tools to bridge the gap between conventional in vitro cancer cell models and clinical patient response to inhibitors. Methods: An optimal two-layer decision system model is developed to identify the cancer cells that most closely resemble an individual tumor for optimum therapeutic interventions in precision cancer medicine. Accordingly, an optimal grid parameters selection is designed to seek the highest accordance for treatment selection to the patient’s preference for drug response and in vitro cancer cell drug screening. The optimal two-layer decision system model overcomes the challenge of heterology data comparison between the tumor and the cancer cells, as well as between the continual variation of drug responses in vitro and the discrete ones in clinical practice. We simulated the model accuracy using 681 cancer cells’ mRNA and associated 481 drug screenings and validated our results on 315 breast cancer patients drug selection across seven drugs (docetaxel, doxorubicin, fluorouracil, paclitaxel, tamoxifen, cyclophosphamide, lapitinib). Results: Comparing with the real response of a drug in clinical patients, the novel model obtained an overall average accordance over 90.8% across the seven drugs. At the same time, the optimal cancer cells and the associated optimal therapeutic efficacy of cancer drugs are recommended. The novel optimal two-layer decision system model was used on 1097 patients with breast cancer in guiding precision medicine for a recommendation of their optimal cancer cells (30 cancer cells) and associated efficacy of certain cancer drugs. Our model can detect the most similar cancer cells for each individual patient. Conclusion: A successful clinical translation model (optimal two-layer decision system model) was developed to bridge in-vitro basic science to clinical practice in a therapeutic intervention application for the first time. The novel tool kills two birds with one stone. It can help basic science to seek optimal cancer cell models for an individual tumor, while prioritizing clinical drugs’ recommendations in practice. Tool associated platform website: We extended the breast cancer research to 32 more types of cancers across 45 therapy predictions.
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133
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Antonenko SV, Kravchuk IV, Telegeev GD. Interaction of Bcl-Abl Oncoprotein with the Glg1 Protein in K562 Cells: its Role in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. CYTOL GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452720010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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134
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Chiou JT, Lee YC, Huang CH, Shi YJ, Wang LJ, Chang LS. Autophagic HuR mRNA degradation induces survivin and MCL1 downregulation in YM155-treated human leukemia cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 387:114857. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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The Q-LAMP Method Represents a Valid and Rapid Alternative for the Detection of the BCR-ABL1 Rearrangement in Philadelphia-Positive Leukemias. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246106. [PMID: 31817063 PMCID: PMC6941015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular detection of the BCR-ABL1 fusion transcripts is necessary for the genetic confirmation of a chronic myeloid leukemia diagnosis and for the risk classification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. BCR-ABL1 mRNAs are usually identified using a conventional RT-PCR technique according to the BIOMED-1 method. In this study, we evaluated 122 BCR-ABL1-positive samples with the Q-LAMP assay to establish if this technology may represent a valid alternative to the qualitative BIOMED-1 PCR technique usually employed for the detection and the discrimination of the common BCR-ABL1 transcripts (p190 and p210 isoforms). We found a 100% concordance rate between the two methods. Specifically, the p190- and p210-positive samples were amplified by Q-LAMP with a median threshold time (Tt) of 26.70 min (range: 24.45-31.80 min) and 20.26 min (range: 15.25-34.57 min), respectively. A median time of 19.63 was observed in samples displaying both (e13a2/e14a2) p210 isoforms. Moreover, the Q-LAMP assay allowed recognition of the BCR-ABL1 e13a2 and e14a2 isoforms (median Tts 18.48 for e13a2 vs. 26.08 min for e14a2; p < 0.001). Finally, 20 samples harboring rare BCR-ABL1 isoforms (e1a3, e13a3, e14a3, and e19a2) were correctly identified by the Q-LAMP assay. We conclude that the Q-LAMP assay may represent a faster and valid alternative to the qualitative BIOMED-1 RT-PCR for the diagnosis at BCR-ABL1-positive leukemias, especially when samples are analyzed in centers with restricted resources and/or limited technical expertise.
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136
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Wang T, Huang Z, Huang N, Peng Y, Gao M, Wang X, Feng W. Inhibition of KPNB1 Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells Through Regulation of E2F1. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10455-10467. [PMID: 31819526 PMCID: PMC6896920 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s210048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Karyopherin-β1 (KPNB1) belongs to the karyopherin superfamily, which functions as shuttling proteins from the cytoplasm to nuclear. A high level of KPNB1 has been reported in various cancers which promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. However, the role of KPNB1 in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) remains uncertain. Methods Expression level of KPNB1 in CML patient samples and cell lines was analyzed by Western blotting. The proliferation assays and colony formation assay were used to study the CML cell proliferation when KPNB1 knockdown in vitro. Next, Western blotting was used to evaluate the effects of KPNB1 on E2F1 and other cell cycle regulators. Then, the location of E2F1 was detected by immunofluorescence. Finally, flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of KPNB1 inhibitor importazole (IPZ) on CML cells. Results In this study, we firstly showed that KPNB1 is over-expressed in CML cells. Targeting KPNB1 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) and IPZ reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis of CML cells. The underlying mechanisms were also investigated that E2F1 nuclear transport was blocked after inhibiting KPNB1 with siRNA, suggesting KPNB1 over-expression mediates the excessive nuclear transport of E2F1 in CML cells. Moreover, the expression of the E2F1 targeted molecule such as c-Myc and KPNA2 was markedly reduced. The IPZ arrested CML cells at G2/M phase and induced cell apoptosis. Conclusion In summary, our results clearly showed that KPNB1 is over-expressed in CML cells and mediates the translocation of E2F1 into the nucleus of CML cells, thereby inhibition of KPNB1 reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis of CML cells which provides new insights for targeted CML therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenglan Huang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningshu Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Peng
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Feng
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
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137
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Remant KC, Thapa B, Valencia-Serna J, Domun SS, Dimitroff C, Jiang X, Uludağ H. Cholesterol grafted cationic lipopolymers: Potential siRNA carriers for selective chronic myeloid leukemia therapy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:565-580. [PMID: 31714657 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic siRNA technology has emerged as a promising approach for molecular therapy of cancer but, despite its potential for post-transcriptional gene silencing, there is an urgent need to develop efficient delivery systems particularly for difficult-to-transfect, anchorage-independent cells. In this study, we designed highly hydrophobic cationic lipopolymers by grafting cholesterol (Chol) onto low-molecular weight (0.6, 1.2, and 2.0 kDa) polyethylenimines (PEIs) to enable specific siRNA therapy to chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. The siRNA binding by PEI-Chol led to nano-sized (100-200 nm diameter) polyplexes with enhanced ζ-potential (+20 to +35 mV) and ability to protect the loaded siRNA completely in fresh serum. The siRNA delivery to CML (K562) cells was proportional to degree of substitution and, unexpectedly, inversely proportional to molecular size of the polymeric backbone. Chol grafting with as little as ~1.0 Chol/PEI on 0.6 and 1.2 kDa PEIs enabled silencing of the reporter Green Fluorescent Protein gene as well as the endogenous BCR-Abl oncogene in K562 cells. The PEI-Chol mediated delivery of siRNAs specific for BCR-Abl and KSP genes significantly arrested the growth the cells which was significantly reflected in colony formation potency of K562 cells. BCR-Able siRNA mediated therapeutic efficacy was also observed in significantly increased caspase activity and apoptosis of K562 cells. Thus, Chol-grafted low-molecular weight PEIs appear to be unique siRNA carriers to realize the molecular therapy in CML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Remant
- Department of Chemical & Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bindu Thapa
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Juliana Valencia-Serna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Suraj S Domun
- Department of Chemical & Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cailean Dimitroff
- Department of Chemical & Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- Department of Chemical & Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The marked improvement in clinical outcomes for patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) can be solely attributed to the introduction of targeted therapies against the fusion oncoprotein, BCR-ABL1. However, patient responses, although generally positive, remain heterogenous. Careful drug selection, ensuring the optimal TKI, is chosen for each patient and involves a complex decision process which incorporates consideration of numerous factors. RECENT FINDINGS For some patients, with disease characteristics that indicate adverse intrinsic disease biology, more potent BCR-ABL1 inhibition is often appropriate, whereas other patients with major co-morbidities will benefit from a less aggressive approach to avoid life-shortening toxicities. For the vast majority of patients, the long-term goal of therapy will be the achievement of a deep molecular response and subsequent treatment-free remission and this consideration will play a large part in the drug selection process. We explore early management of CML, from the first presentation through to frontline therapy selection.
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139
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New 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine derivatives as Bcr-Abl and Btk inhibitors and as promising agents against leukemia. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103361. [PMID: 31699386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bcr-Abl and Btk kinases are among the targets that have been considered for the treatment of leukemia. Therefore, several strategies have focused on the use of inhibitors as chemotherapeutic tools to treat these types of leukemia, such as imatinib (for Bcr-Abl) or ibrutinib (for Btk). However, the efficacy of these drugs has been reduced due to resistance mechanisms, which have motivated the development of new and more effective compounds. In this study, we designed, synthesized and evaluated 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine derivatives as novel Bcr-Abl and Btk inhibitors. We identified 5c and 5d as potent inhibitors of both kinases (IC50 values of 40 nM and 0.58/0.66 μM for Abl and Btk, respectively). From docking and QSAR analyses, we concluded that fluorination of the arylpiperazine system is detrimental to the activity against two kinases, and we also validated our hypothesis that the substitution on the 6-phenylamino ring is important for the inhibition of both kinases. In addition, our studies indicated that most compounds could suppress the proliferation of leukemia and lymphoma cells (HL60, MV4-11, CEM, K562 and Ramos cells) at low micromolar concentrations in vitro. Finally, we preliminarily demonstrated that 5c inhibited the downstream signaling of both kinases in the respective cell models. Therefore, 5c or 5d possessed potency to be further optimized as anti-leukemia drugs by simultaneously inhibiting the Bcr-Abl and Btk kinases.
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140
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Luo YJ, Wang BL, Kou SB, Lin ZY, Zhou KL, Lou YY, Shi JH. Assessment on the binding characteristics of dasatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor to calf thymus DNA: insights from multi-spectroscopic methodologies and molecular docking as well as DFT calculation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:4210-4220. [PMID: 31581883 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1676824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The binding characteristics of calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) with dasatinib (DSTN), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor was assessed through multi-spectroscopic methodologies and viscosity measurement combined with molecular docking as well as DFT calculation to understand the binding mechanism, affinity of DSTN onto ct-DNA, effect of DSTN on ct-DNA conformation, and among others. The results confirmed DSTN bound onto ct-DNA, leading to forming the DSTN-ct-DNA complex with the binding constant of 4.82 × 103 M-1 at 310 K. DSTN preferentially inserted to the minor groove of ct-DNA with rich A-T region, that was the binding mode of DSTN onto ct-DNA was groove binding. The enthalpic change (ΔH0) and entropic change (ΔS0) during the binding process of DSTN with ct-DNA were 128.9 kJ mol-1 and 489.2 J mol-1 K-1, respectively, confirming clearly that the association of DSTN with ct-DNA was an endothermic process and the dominative driven-force was hydrophobic interaction. Meanwhile, the results also indicated that there was a certain extent of electrostatic force and hydrogen bonding, but they maybe play an auxiliary role. The CD measurement results confirmed the alteration in the helical configuration of ct-DNA but almost no change in the base stacking after binding DSTN. The results revealed that there was the obvious change in the conformation, the dipole moment, and the atomic charge distribution of DSTN in the B-DNA complexes, compared with free DSTN, to satisfy the conformational adaptation. From the obtained fronitier molecular orbitals of DSTN, it can be inferred that the nature of DSTN alters with the change of the environment around DSTN. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bao-Li Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song-Bo Kou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Yi Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Li Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yue Lou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Hua Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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141
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Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have received much attention for their promising therapeutic intervention in recent years. These molecules, with the mechanism of simultaneous recruitment of target protein and an E3 ligase, can trigger the cellular ubiquitin–proteasome system to degrade the target proteins. This article systematically introduces the mechanism of small-molecule PROTACs, and summarized the research progress of small-molecule PROTACs. The prospect for further application and the problems to be solved are also discussed.
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142
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Schütte J, Reusch J, Khandanpour C, Eisfeld C. Structural Variants as a Basis for Targeted Therapies in Hematological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2019; 9:839. [PMID: 31555592 PMCID: PMC6722867 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural variants (SV) are changes in the genomic landscape that can alter gene expression levels and thus lead to disease development. The most common and best studied SVs in hematological malignancies are chromosomal translocations. Here, parts of two genes that are normally on different chromosomes come into close proximity due to a failure in DNA repair. As a consequence, fusion proteins which show a different function and/or cellular localization compared to the two original proteins are expressed, sometimes even at different levels. The identification of chromosomal translocations is often used to identify the specific disease a patient is suffering from. In addition, SVs such as deletions, duplications, inversions and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can occur in hematopoietic cells and lead to their malignant transformations. Changes in the 3D genome structure have also recently been shown to impact disease development. In this review, we describe a variety of SVs occurring in different subtypes of hematological malignancies. Currently, most therapeutic approaches target fusion proteins which are the cellular product of chromosomal translocations. However, amplifications and SNPs also play a role in disease progression and can be targeted. We present some examples for different types of structural variants and how they are currently treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schütte
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Julia Reusch
- Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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143
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Moisoiu V, Teodorescu P, Parajdi L, Pasca S, Zdrenghea M, Dima D, Precup R, Tomuleasa C, Soverini S. Assessing Measurable Residual Disease in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. BCR-ABL1 IS in the Avant-Garde of Molecular Hematology. Front Oncol 2019; 9:863. [PMID: 31608223 PMCID: PMC6768007 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a malignancy of the myeloid cell lineage characterized by a recurrent chromosomal abnormality: the Philadelphia chromosome, which results from the reciprocal translocation of the chromosomes 9 and 22. The Philadelphia chromosome contains a fusion gene called BCR-ABL1. The BCR-ABL1 codes for an aberrantly functioning tyrosine kinase that drives the malignant proliferation of the founding clone. The advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) represents a landmark in the treatment of CML, that has led to tremendous improvement in the remission and survival rates. Since the introduction of imatinib, the first TKI, several other TKI have been approved that further broadened the arsenal against CML. Patients treated with TKIs require sensitive monitoring of BCR-ABL1 transcripts with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCT), which has become an essential part of managing patients with CML. In this review, we discuss the importance of the BCR-ABL1 assay, and we highlight the growing importance of BCR-ABL1 dynamics. We also introduce a mathematical correction for the BCR-ABL1 assay that could help homogenizing the use of the ABL1 as a control gene. Finally, we discuss the growing body of evidence concerning treatment-free remission. Along with the continuous improvement in the therapeutic arsenal against CML, the molecular monitoring of CML represents the avant-garde in the struggle to make CML a curable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Moisoiu
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Patric Teodorescu
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Research Center, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorand Parajdi
- Department of Mathematics, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergiu Pasca
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihnea Zdrenghea
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Delia Dima
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Research Center, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Precup
- Department of Mathematics, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Research Center, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Soverini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology L. and A. Seràgnoli, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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144
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Xanthohumol, a Prenylated Flavonoid from Hops, Induces Caspase-Dependent Degradation of Oncoprotein BCR-ABL in K562 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090402. [PMID: 31527518 PMCID: PMC6769755 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BCR-ABL oncoprotein drives the initiation, promotion, and progression of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are the first choice for CML therapy, however, BCR-ABL mediated drug resistance limits its clinical application and prognosis. A novel promising therapeutic strategy for CML therapy is to degrade BCR-ABL using small molecules. Antioxidant xanthohumol (XN) is a hop-derived prenylated flavonoid with multiple bioactivities. In this study, we showed XN could inhibit the proliferation, induce S phase cell cycle arrest, and stimulate apoptosis in K562 cells. XN degraded BCR-ABL in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and the involved degradation pathway was caspase activation, while not autophagy induction or ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) activation. Moreover, we revealed for the first time that XN could inhibit the UPS and autophagy in K562 cells, and the inhibitory effect of XN on autophagy could attenuate imatinib-induced autophagy and enhance the therapeutic efficiency of imatinib in K562 cells. Our present findings identified XN act as a degrader of BCR-ABL in K562 cells, and XN had potential to be developed as an alternate agent for CML therapy.
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145
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Pan X, Liang L, Sun Y, Si R, Zhang Q, Wang J, Fu J, Zhang J, Zhang J. Discovery of novel Bcr-Abl T315I inhibitors with flexible linker. Part 1: Confirmation optimization of phenyl-1H-indazol-3-amine as hinge binding moiety. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:232-242. [PMID: 31185413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As a continuation to our research, a series of novel Bcr-Abl inhibitors incorporated with 6-phenyl-1H-indazol-3-amine as hinge binding moiety (HBM) were developed based on confirmation analysis. Biological results indicated that these compounds exhibited an enhanced inhibition against Bcr-AblWT and Bcr-AblT315I in kinases assays, along with improved anti-proliferative activities in K562 cell assays. In particular, compound Y9 displayed comparable potency with that of imatinib. It potently inhibited Bcr-AblWT and Bcr-AblT315I kinases with IC50 of 0.043 μM and 0.17 μM, respectively. Furthermore, compound Y9 inhibited the proliferation of K562 and K562R cells with IC50 of 1.65 μM and 5.42 μM, respectively. Therefore, 6-phenyl-1H-indazol-3amine as HBM, combined with flexible linker, is a successful strategy contribute to research on T315I mutant resistance, and compound Y9 could be served as a starting point for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Liyuan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ru Si
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jia Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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146
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Gao B, Li S, Li G. Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 5 (SNHG5) Regulates Proliferation, Differentiation, and Apoptosis of K562 Cells in Chronic Myeliod Leukemia. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:6812-6819. [PMID: 31506418 PMCID: PMC6753843 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic stem cell disorder with high malignant and invasive activity. lncRNA SNHG5 has been reported to be upregulated in CML. However, whether it affects the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in CML cells is still unknown. This study investigated the role of SNHG5 in CML and revealed the potential mechanism. Material/Methods K562 cells were transfected with shRNA, and the expression level of SNHG5 was assessd by quantitative RT-PCR. The proliferation ability was determined by CCK-8 assay. Western blot analysis was performed to detect protein expressions related to cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Cell apoptosis rate was analyzed by flow cytometry. The DNA methylation level was determined by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Results Our results show that inhibition of SNHG5 induced by RNA interference significantly inhibits K562 cells proliferation and induces cell differentiation with the increased expression of CD42b, CD11b, CD14, GATA-1, and β-globin. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that inhibition of SNHG5 significantly induced cell apoptosis with decreased expression of Bcl-2 and increased expression of Bax and cleaved capase-3. Additionally, Western blot and MSP analyses confirmed that inhibition of SNHG5 increased the expression of DR4 gene through suppressing its methylation. Conclusions Inhibition of SNHG5 suppressed K562 cell proliferation through inducing the differentiation and apoptosis by inhibiting methylation of DR4. Therefore, downregulated SNHG5 could play a key role in CML progression, and might provide a new strategy for the treatment of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Song Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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147
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Izzo B, Gottardi EM, Errichiello S, Daraio F, Baratè C, Galimberti S. Monitoring Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: How Molecular Tools May Drive Therapeutic Approaches. Front Oncol 2019; 9:833. [PMID: 31555590 PMCID: PMC6742705 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 15 years ago, imatinib entered into the clinical practice as a "magic bullet"; from that point on, the prognosis of patients affected by chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) became comparable to that of aged-matched healthy subjects. The aims of treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are for complete hematological response after 3 months of treatment, complete cytogenetic response after 6 months, and a reduction of the molecular disease of at least 3 logs after 12 months. Patients who do not reach their goal can switch to another TKI. Thus, the molecular monitoring of response is the main consideration of management of CML patients. Moreover, cases in deep and persistent molecular response can tempt the physician to interrupt treatment, and this "dream" is possible due to the quantitative PCR. After great international effort, today the BCR-ABL1 expression obtained in each laboratory is standardized and expressed as "international scale." This aim has been reached after the establishment of the EUTOS program (in Europe) and the LabNet network (in Italy), the platforms where biologists meet clinicians. In the field of quantitative PCR, the digital PCR is now a new and promising, sensitive and accurate tool. Some authors reported that digital PCR is able to better classify patients in precise "molecular classes," which could lead to a better identification of those cases that will benefit from the interruption of therapy. In addition, digital PCR can be used to identify a point mutation in the ABL1 domain, mutations that are often responsible for the TKI resistance. In the field of resistance, a prominent role is played by the NGS that enables identification of any mutation in ABL1 domain, even at sub-clonal levels. This manuscript reviews how the molecular tools can lead the management of CML patients, focusing on the more recent technical advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Izzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Molecular Biology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Santa Errichiello
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Molecular Biology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Daraio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Baratè
- Section of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Galimberti
- Section of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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148
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Xin P, Xu W, Zhu X, Li C, Zheng Y, Zheng T, Cheng W, Peng Q. Protective autophagy or autophagic death: effects of BEZ235 on chronic myelogenous leukemia. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:7933-7951. [PMID: 31686909 PMCID: PMC6709803 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s204472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of BEZ235 on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. Methods MTS assay was used to detect the proliferation of CML cells. The proteins expression were detected by Western blot assay. The effects of BEZ235 on autophagy in CML cells were verified through transmission electron microscopy and evaluated by laser confocal microscopy. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis. A xenograft model was established to observe the therapeutic effect of BEZ235 in vivo. Results BEZ235 could inhibit the proliferation of CML cells; CQ and 3-MA could increase the proliferation inhibition and Z-VAD-FMK can reduce the proliferation inhibition of BEZ235 on CML cells (P<0.05). Results of TEM showed that the autophagosomes of CML cells treated with BEZ235 increased (P<0.05). The results by confocal microscopy showed that the autophagic activity of K562 cells increased with BEZ235 treatment. When BEZ235 combined with CQ, BEZ235-induced autophagic flow was blocked. FCM results showed that BEZ235 could induces apoptosis in CML cells. Z-VAD-FMK could decrease the apoptosis of CML cells induced by BEZ235. CQ increased the apoptosis of CML cells induced by BEZ235 (P<0.05). Western blot showed that BEZ235 inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and S6K. BEZ235 alone could upregulate the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and LC3II. When combined with Z-VAD-FMK, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 was lower than that of BEZ235 alone. When combined with CQ, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and LC3II were higher than those of BEZ235 alone (P<0.05). BEZ235 could inhibit the growth of xenografts of CML cell line. Conclusion BEZ235 can inhibit the proliferation of CML cells, induce apoptosis, and enhance autophagy activity. It induces protective autophagy. The combination of CQ can enhance the apoptosis and proliferation inhibition of CML cells induced by BEZ235.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengliang Xin
- Department of Haematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Xu
- Department of Haematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongpeng Zhu
- Department of Haematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuntuan Li
- Department of Haematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Haematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingjin Zheng
- Central Laboratory, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhao Cheng
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunyi Peng
- Department of Haematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
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149
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One-step discrimination of BCR/ABLp210 transcript isoforms directly from RNA extraction with fusion-triggered rolling circle amplification. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1067:129-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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150
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Trojani A, Pungolino E, Dal Molin A, Lodola M, Rossi G, D’Adda M, Perego A, Elena C, Turrini M, Borin L, Bucelli C, Malato S, Carraro MC, Spina F, Latargia ML, Artale S, Spedini P, Anghilieri M, Di Camillo B, Baruzzo G, De Canal G, Iurlo A, Morra E, Cairoli R. Nilotinib interferes with cell cycle, ABC transporters and JAK-STAT signaling pathway in CD34+/lin- cells of patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia after 12 months of treatment. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218444. [PMID: 31318870 PMCID: PMC6638825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by the constitutive tyrosine kinase activity of the oncoprotein BCR-ABL1 in myeloid progenitor cells that activates multiple signal transduction pathways leading to the leukemic phenotype. The tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI) nilotinib inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of BCR-ABL1 in CML patients. Despite the success of nilotinib treatment in patients with chronic-phase (CP) CML, a population of Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) quiescent stem cells escapes the drug activity and can lead to drug resistance. The molecular mechanism by which these quiescent cells remain insensitive is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to compare the gene expression profiling (GEP) of bone marrow (BM) CD34+/lin- cells from CP-CML patients at diagnosis and after 12 months of nilotinib treatment by microarray, in order to identify gene expression changes and the dysregulation of pathways due to nilotinib action. We selected BM CD34+/lin- cells from 78 CP-CML patients at diagnosis and after 12 months of first-line nilotinib therapy and microarray analysis was performed. GEP bioinformatic analyses identified 2,959 differently expressed probes and functional clustering determined some significantly enriched pathways between diagnosis and 12 months of nilotinib treatment. Among these pathways, we observed the under expression of 26 genes encoding proteins belonging to the cell cycle after 12 months of nilotinib treatment which led to the up-regulation of chromosome replication, cell proliferation, DNA replication, and DNA damage checkpoint at diagnosis. We demonstrated the under expression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCC4, ABCC5, and ABCD3 encoding proteins which pumped drugs out of the cells after 12 months of nilotinib. Moreover, GEP data demonstrated the deregulation of genes involved in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. The down-regulation of JAK2, IL7, STAM, PIK3CA, PTPN11, RAF1, and SOS1 key genes after 12 months of nilotinib could demonstrate the up-regulation of cell cycle, proliferation and differentiation via MAPK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Trojani
- Division of Hematology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Ester Pungolino
- Division of Hematology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Milena Lodola
- Division of Hematology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rossi
- Department of Hematology, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mariella D’Adda
- Department of Hematology, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Elena
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Turrini
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Valduce Hospital, Como, Italy
| | - Lorenza Borin
- Hematology Division, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Bucelli
- Hematology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Malato
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Spina
- Division of Hematology–Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Barbara Di Camillo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Baruzzo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriella De Canal
- Pathology Department, Cytogenetics, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Iurlo
- Hematology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Enrica Morra
- Executive Committee, Rete Ematologia Lombarda, Italy
| | - Roberto Cairoli
- Division of Hematology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
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