101
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Yang A, Chen F, He C, Zhou J, Lu Y, Dai J, Birge RB, Wu Y. The Procoagulant Activity of Apoptotic Cells Is Mediated by Interaction with Factor XII. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1188. [PMID: 28993777 PMCID: PMC5622377 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cells, by externalizing phosphatidylserine (PS) as a hallmark feature, are procoagulant. However, the mechanism by which apoptotic cells activate coagulation system remains unknown. Intrinsic coagulation pathway is initiated by coagulation factor XII (FXII) of contact activation system. The purpose of this study was to determine whether FXII is involved in procoagulant activity of apoptotic cells. Using western blotting and chromogenic substrate assay, we found that incubation with apoptotic cells, but not with viable cells, resulted in rapid cleavage and activation of FXII in the presence of prekallikrein and high molecular weight kininogen (HK), other two components of contact activation system. As detected by flow cytometry, FXII bound to apoptotic cells in a concentration-dependent manner, which was inhibited by annexin V and PS liposome. Direct association of FXII with PS was confirmed in a surface plasmon resonance assay. Clotting time of FXII-deficient plasma induced by apoptotic cells was significantly prolonged, which was fully reversed by replenishment with FXII. Corn trypsin inhibitor, a FXII inhibitor, completely prevented apoptotic cells-induced intrinsic tenase complex formation. Consistently, apoptotic cells significantly increased thrombin production in normal plasma, which was not affected by an inhibitory anti-tissue factor antibody. However, blocking of PS by annexin V, inhibition of FXII, or the deficiency of FXII suppressed apoptotic cells-induced thrombin generation. Addition of purified FXII to FXII-deficient plasma recovered thrombin generation to the normal plasma level. In conclusion, FXII binds to apoptotic cells via PS and becomes activated, thereby constituting a novel mechanism mediating the procoagulant activity of apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhen Yang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fengwu Chen
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao He
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junsong Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yi Lu
- Wuhan Thalys Medical Technology Inc., Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Dai
- The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Raymond B Birge
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Yi Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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102
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Waters L, Padula MP, Marks DC, Johnson L. Cryopreserved platelets demonstrate reduced activation responses and impaired signaling after agonist stimulation. Transfusion 2017; 57:2845-2857. [PMID: 28905392 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Room temperature-stored (20-24°C) platelets (PLTs) have a shelf life of 5 days, making it logistically challenging to supply remote medical centers with PLT products. Cryopreservation of PLTs in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and storage at -80°C enables an extended shelf life up to 2 years. Although cryopreserved PLTs have been widely characterized under resting conditions, their ability to undergo agonist-induced activation is yet to be fully explored. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Buffy coat PLTs were cryopreserved at -80°C with 5% to 6% DMSO and sampled before freezing and after thawing. PLTs were analyzed under resting conditions and after agonist stimulation with adenosine diphosphate, collagen, or thrombin receptor-activating peptide-6. The expression of activation markers, microparticle formation, and calcium mobilization were analyzed by flow cytometry. Soluble PLT proteins present in the PLT supernatant were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Protein phosphorylation was investigated with Western blotting. RESULTS After cryopreservation, PLTs displayed increased surface activation markers and higher basal calcium levels. Cryopreserved PLTs demonstrated diminished aggregation responses. Additionally, cryopreserved PLTs showed a limited ability to become activated (as measured by CD62P and phosphatidylserine exposure and cytokine release) after agonist stimulation. A reduction in the abundance and phosphorylation of key signaling proteins (Akt, Src, Lyn, ERK, and p38) was seen in cryopreserved PLTs. CONCLUSIONS Cryopreservation of PLTs induces dramatic changes to the basal PLT phenotype and renders them largely nonresponsive to agonist stimulation, likely due to the alterations in signal transduction. Therefore, further efforts are required to understand how cryopreserved PLTs achieve their hemostatic effect once transfused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Waters
- Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Alexandria, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew P Padula
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Denese C Marks
- Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Alexandria, NSW, Australia
| | - Lacey Johnson
- Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Alexandria, NSW, Australia
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103
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Choo HJ, Kholmukhamedov A, Zhou C, Jobe S. Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Disruption Links Apoptotic and Agonist-Initiated Phosphatidylserine Externalization in Platelets. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1503-1512. [PMID: 28663253 PMCID: PMC5560492 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Phosphatidylserine exposure mediates platelet procoagulant function and regulates platelet life span. Apoptotic, necrotic, and integrin-mediated mechanisms have been implicated as intracellular determinants of platelet phosphatidylserine exposure. Here, we investigate (1) the role of mitochondrial events in platelet phosphatidylserine exposure initiated by these distinct stimuli and (2) the cellular interactions of the procoagulant platelet in vitro and in vivo. APPROACH AND RESULTS Key mitochondrial events were examined, including cytochrome c release and inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) disruption. In both ABT-737 (apoptotic) and agonist (necrotic)-treated platelets, phosphatidylserine externalization was temporally correlated with IMM disruption. Agonist stimulation resulted in rapid cyclophilin D-dependent IMM disruption that coincided with phosphatidylserine exposure. ABT-737 treatment caused rapid cytochrome c release, eventually followed by caspase-dependent IMM disruption that again closely coincided with phosphatidylserine exposure. A nonmitochondrial and integrin-mediated mechanism has been implicated in the formation of a novel phosphatidylserine-externalizing platelet subpopulation. Using image cytometry, this subpopulation is demonstrated to be the result of the interaction of an aggregatory platelet and a procoagulant platelet rather than indicative of a novel intracellular mechanism regulating platelet phosphatidylserine externalization. Using electron microscopy, similar interactions between aggregatory and procoagulant platelets are demonstrated in vitro and in vivo within a mesenteric vein hemostatic thrombus. CONCLUSIONS Platelet phosphatidylserine externalization is closely associated with the mitochondrial event of IMM disruption identifying a common pathway in phosphatidylserine-externalizing platelets. The limited interaction of procoagulant platelets and integrin-active aggregatory platelets identifies a potential mechanism for procoagulant platelet retention within the hemostatic thrombus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jung Choo
- From the BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.K., S.J.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (H.-J.C., C.Z., S.J.); Emory University, School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Atlanta, GA (H.-J.C.); and Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Pediatrics, Milwaukee (S.J.)
| | - Andaleb Kholmukhamedov
- From the BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.K., S.J.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (H.-J.C., C.Z., S.J.); Emory University, School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Atlanta, GA (H.-J.C.); and Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Pediatrics, Milwaukee (S.J.)
| | - ChengZing Zhou
- From the BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.K., S.J.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (H.-J.C., C.Z., S.J.); Emory University, School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Atlanta, GA (H.-J.C.); and Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Pediatrics, Milwaukee (S.J.)
| | - Shawn Jobe
- From the BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.K., S.J.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (H.-J.C., C.Z., S.J.); Emory University, School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Atlanta, GA (H.-J.C.); and Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Pediatrics, Milwaukee (S.J.).
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104
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Protein kinase A activation by the anti-cancer drugs ABT-737 and thymoquinone is caspase-3-dependent and correlates with platelet inhibition and apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2898. [PMID: 28661475 PMCID: PMC5520940 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia is a common bleeding risk in cancer patients and limits chemotherapy dose and frequency. Recent data from mouse and human platelets revealed that activation of protein kinase A/G (PKA/PKG) not only inhibited thrombin/convulxin-induced platelet activation but also prevented the platelet pro-coagulant state. Here we investigated whether or not PKA/PKG activation could attenuate caspase-dependent apoptosis induced by the anti-cancer drugs ABT-737 (the precursor of navitoclax) and thymoquinone (TQ), thereby potentially limiting chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. This is particularly relevant as activation of cyclic nucleotide signalling in combination chemotherapy is an emerging strategy in cancer treatment. However, PKA/PKG-activation, as monitored by phosphorylation of Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), did not block caspase-3-dependent platelet apoptosis induced by the compounds. In contrast, both substances induced PKA activation themselves and PKA activation correlated with platelet inhibition and apoptosis. Surprisingly, ABT-737- and TQ-induced VASP-phosphorylation was independent of cAMP levels and neither cyclases nor phosphatases were affected by the drugs. In contrast, however, ABT-737- and TQ-induced PKA activation was blocked by caspase-3 inhibitors. In conclusion, we show that ABT-737 and TQ activate PKA in a caspase-3-dependent manner, which correlates with platelet inhibition and apoptosis and therefore potentially contributes to the bleeding risk in chemotherapy patients.
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105
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Fukuda DA, Caporrino MC, Barbaro KC, Della-Casa MS, Faquim-Mauro EL, Magalhaes GS. Recombinant Phospholipase D from Loxosceles gaucho Binds to Platelets and Promotes Phosphatidylserine Exposure. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9060191. [PMID: 28608817 PMCID: PMC5488041 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9060191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Spider envenomation, from the genus Loxosceles, is frequently reported as a cause of necrotic lesions in humans around the world. Among the many components found in the venom of Loxosceles genus, phospholipases D (PLDs) are the most investigated, since they can cause a massive inflammatory response, dermonecrosis, hemolysis and platelet aggregation, among other effects. Even though the PLDs induce strong platelet aggregation, there are no studies showing how the PLDs interact with platelets to promote this effect. Since many agonists must interact with specific receptors on the platelet membrane to induce aggregation, it is reasonable to expect that the PLDs may, in some way, also interact with platelets, to induce this activity. Therefore, to address this possibility, in this work, a recombinant PLD, called LgRec1, from L. gaucho was fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and used as a probe to detect the interaction of LgRec1 to platelets, by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) and confocal microscopy. The preservation of biological activities of this chimera toxin was also analyzed. As a first, the results show that LgRec1 does not require plasma components to bind to platelets, although these components are necessary to LgRec1 to induce platelet aggregation. Also, the attachment of LgRec1 to human platelets’ cell membranes suggests that the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) may act as a scaffold for coagulation factors. Therefore, the results add new information about the binding of Loxosceles PLDs to platelets, which may help unravel how these toxins promote platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Fukuda
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria C Caporrino
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Katia C Barbaro
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maisa S Della-Casa
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eliana L Faquim-Mauro
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Geraldo S Magalhaes
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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106
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Solier S, Fontenay M, Vainchenker W, Droin N, Solary E. Non-apoptotic functions of caspases in myeloid cell differentiation. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1337-1347. [PMID: 28211870 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Subtle caspase activation is associated with the differentiation of several myeloid lineages. A tightly orchestrated dance between caspase-3 activation and the chaperone HSP70 that migrates to the nucleus to protect the master regulator GATA-1 from cleavage transiently occurs in basophilic erythroblasts and may prepare nucleus and organelle expel that occurs at the terminal phase of erythroid differentiation. A spatially restricted activation of caspase-3 occurs in maturing megakaryocytes to promote proplatelet maturation and platelet shedding in the bloodstream. In a situation of acute platelet need, caspase-3 could be activated in response to IL-1α and promote megakaryocyte rupture. In peripheral blood monocytes, colony-stimulating factor-1 provokes the formation of a molecular platform in which caspase-8 is activated, which downregulates nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity and activates downstream caspases whose target fragments such as those generated by nucleophosmin (NPM1) cleavage contribute to the generation of resting macrophages. Human monocytes secrete mature IL-1β in response to lipopolysaccharide through an alternative inflammasome activation that involves caspase-8, a pathway that does not lead to cell death. Finally, active caspase-3 is part of the proteases contained in secretory granules of mast cells. Many questions remain on how these proteases are activated in myeloid cell lineages, which target proteins are cleaved, whereas other are protected from proteolysis, the precise role of cleaved proteins in cell differentiation and functions, and the link between these non-apoptotic functions of caspases and the death of these diverse cell types. Better understanding of these functions may generate therapeutic strategies to control cytopenias or modulate myeloid cell functions in various pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Solier
- Inserm U1170, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Michaela Fontenay
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Paris, France
| | - William Vainchenker
- Inserm U1170, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Droin
- Inserm U1170, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Solary
- Inserm U1170, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Department of Hematology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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107
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Liu L, Chen M, Zhao L, Zhao Q, Hu R, Zhu J, Yan R, Dai K. Ethanol Induces Platelet Apoptosis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:291-298. [PMID: 28081301 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol abuse incurs severe medical conditions, such as thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage, but the pathogenesis is not totally understood. Alcohol has been reported to induce apoptosis in eukaryotic cells, such as hepatocyte, nerve cell, corneal fibroblasts. However, it is still unclear whether alcohol induces platelet apoptosis. METHODS Washed human platelets were pretreated with ethanol (EtOH), and apoptotic events and platelet function were detected. In in vivo experiments, C57BL/6J mice were given EtOH by gavage. Platelet counts, tail bleeding time, and the stomach were examined. RESULTS EtOH dose dependently induces depolarization of mitochondrial inner transmembrane potential, up-regulation of Bax, down-regulation of Bcl-2, and caspase-3 activation. EtOH does not induce surface expression of P-selectin or PAC-1 binding, whereas significantly reduces collagen-, thrombin-, and ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Moreover, EtOH induces c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation. In an in vivo mouse model of the acute alcoholism, EtOH significantly reduces the number of circulating platelets, prolongs the tail bleeding time, and causes gastric mucosa hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that EtOH induces mitochondria-mediated intrinsic platelet apoptosis, results in the reduction of the number of circulating platelets, and impairs in vivo hemostasis. These findings reveal the possible pathogenesis of hemorrhagic symptoms in patients experiencing acute alcohol intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengxing Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Renping Hu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Rong Yan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Kesheng Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
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108
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Del Principe D, Pietraforte D, Gambardella L, Marchesi A, Tarissi de Jacobis I, Villani A, Malorni W, Straface E. Pathogenetic determinants in Kawasaki disease: the haematological point of view. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:632-639. [PMID: 28063205 PMCID: PMC5345614 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease is a multisystemic vasculitis that can result in coronary artery lesions. It predominantly affects young children and is characterized by prolonged fever, diffuse mucosal inflammation, indurative oedema of the hands and feet, a polymorphous skin rash and non‐suppurative lymphadenopathy. Coronary artery involvement is the most important complication of Kawasaki disease and may cause significant coronary stenosis resulting in ischemic heart disease. The introduction of intravenous immunoglobulin decreases the incidence of coronary artery lesions to less than 5%. The etiopathogenesis of this disease remains unclear. Several lines of evidence suggest that an interplay between a microbial infection and a genetic predisposition could take place in the development of the disease. In this review, we summarize the state of the art of pathogenetic mechanisms of Kawasaki disease underscoring the relevance of haematological features as a novel field of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Del Principe
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Section of Cell Aging and Gender Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Pietraforte
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Cell Aging and Gender Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Gambardella
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Section of Cell Aging and Gender Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marchesi
- General Pediatric and Infectious Disease Unit, Internal Care Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Tarissi de Jacobis
- General Pediatric and Infectious Disease Unit, Internal Care Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Villani
- General Pediatric and Infectious Disease Unit, Internal Care Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Malorni
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Section of Cell Aging and Gender Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Straface
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Section of Cell Aging and Gender Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Evaluation of platelet function is important for understanding the physiology of hemostasis and thrombosis and is utilized in clinical practice to diagnose inherited and acquired platelet bleeding disorders. Flow cytometry is a powerful tool for rapid evaluation of multiple functional properties of large number of platelets in whole blood and offers many advantages over other traditional methods. Attention to pre-analytical factors is required to ensure biologically valid and robust results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Pasalic
- Deparments of Clinical and Laboratory Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
- Sydney Centres for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
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110
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Zhu J, Wang Q, Nie Y, Yan R, Dai K, Zhou B. Platelet Integrin αIIbβ3 Inhibitor Rescues Progression of Apoptosis in Human Platelets. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:4261-4270. [PMID: 27827357 PMCID: PMC5108368 DOI: 10.12659/msm.900820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis plays an important role in the physiology of platelet function. We aimed to detect the effect of the platelet integrin αIIbβ3 inhibitor, tirofiban, on apoptotic events, including mitochondrial inner-membrane potential (ΔΨm), phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on platelet surface, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), when washed platelets were stimulated with thrombin. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included washed platelets from healthy humans, divided into 4 groups: vehicle, and tirofiban (0.05 μg/ml, 0.25 μg/ml, and 0.5 μg/ml). Platelets were pretreated with vehicle or tirofiban and incubated at 37°C with agitation for 6 h and 24 h. Before thrombin addition, the vehicle group divided into 2 equal groups. Except one vehicle group, the other 4 groups were all stimulated with thrombin (1 U/ml) for 30 min at 37°C. Using flow cytometry, we studied the DYm and PS exposure on platelet surfaces, and the generation of ROS in platelets. RESULTS We observed that at the time of 6 h and 24 h, thrombin-stimulated vehicle platelets induced significant depo-larization of ΔΨm, higher PS exposure, and increased ROS production compared with the vehicle group (P<0.01). However, the tirofiban group had significantly more recovery of DYm, PS exposure, and ROS production compared with the thrombin group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The platelet integrin αIIbβ3 inhibitor, tirofiban, inhibits the depolarization of DYm, PS exposure on platelet surface, and ROS production when stimulated with thrombin. These results suggest that αIIbβ3 inhibitor inhibits the initiation of apoptosis in platelets, showing a potential clinical application of tirofiban as an apoptosis inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Qinghang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yumei Nie
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Rong Yan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Kesheng Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Healt, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Birong Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
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111
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Dhall S, Karim ZA, Khasawneh FT, Martins-Green M. Platelet Hyperactivity in TNFSF14/LIGHT Knockout Mouse Model of Impaired Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2016; 5:421-431. [PMID: 27785376 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2016.0687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Impaired and chronic wounds occur due to defects in one or more of the overlapping stages of healing. However, problems related to the vascular system are critical for nonhealing, and chronic wounds in humans often show the presence of fibrin cuffs/clots. We hypothesized that these clots are due to alterations in platelet function; hence, we have investigated whether alterations in platelet function are present during impaired healing. Approach: Platelets were subjected to different agonists to determine the rate of aggregation and evaluate the molecules involved in adhesion and aggregation that could lead to faster thrombosis and potentially contribute to impaired wound healing. Results: We show that wounding of TNFSF14/LIGHT-/- mice, which have impaired healing, leads to an enhanced response in platelet aggregation and a faster time to blood vessel occlusion (thrombosis). In addition, after wounding, platelets from these mice have increased levels of P-selectin, integrin αIIbβ3, and phosphatidylserine, molecules that contribute to platelet adhesion. They also have more extensive open canalicular system than platelets of control mice, suggesting increased surface area for interactions upon activation. Innovation: These results show a novel function for TNFSF14/LIGHT during wound healing. Conclusion: The absence of TNFSF14/LIGHT from the cell surface of platelets causes rapid platelet aggregation and thrombus formation that may contribute to impaired healing by reducing the ability of the blood vessels to transport nutrients and oxygen and other molecules needed for proper healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Dhall
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Zubair A. Karim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Fadi T. Khasawneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Manuela Martins-Green
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
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14-3-3ζ regulates the mitochondrial respiratory reserve linked to platelet phosphatidylserine exposure and procoagulant function. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12862. [PMID: 27670677 PMCID: PMC5052641 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 14-3-3 family of adaptor proteins regulate diverse cellular functions including cell proliferation, metabolism, adhesion and apoptosis. Platelets express numerous 14-3-3 isoforms, including 14-3-3ζ, which has previously been implicated in regulating GPIbα function. Here we show an important role for 14-3-3ζ in regulating arterial thrombosis. Interestingly, this thrombosis defect is not related to alterations in von Willebrand factor (VWF)–GPIb adhesive function or platelet activation, but instead associated with reduced platelet phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and procoagulant function. Decreased PS exposure in 14-3-3ζ-deficient platelets is associated with more sustained levels of metabolic ATP and increased mitochondrial respiratory reserve, independent of alterations in cytosolic calcium flux. Reduced platelet PS exposure in 14-3-3ζ-deficient mice does not increase bleeding risk, but results in decreased thrombin generation and protection from pulmonary embolism, leading to prolonged survival. Our studies define an important role for 14-3-3ζ in regulating platelet bioenergetics, leading to decreased platelet PS exposure and procoagulant function. Platelets express negatively charged phosphatidylserine (PS) on their plasma membrane when propagating coagulation within a developing thrombus. Here the authors show that an adaptor protein 14-3-3 regulates mitochondrial function and PS exposure and thus platelet procoagulant activity, promising a new therapy to reduce thrombosis.
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Giacomazzi A, Degan M, Calabria S, Meneguzzi A, Minuz P. Antiplatelet Agents Inhibit the Generation of Platelet-Derived Microparticles. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:314. [PMID: 27695417 PMCID: PMC5025445 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet microparticles (PMPs) contribute to thrombogenesis but the effects of antiplatelet drugs on PMPs generation is undefined. The present study investigated the cellular events regulating PMPs shedding, testing in vitro platelet agonists and inhibitors. Platelet-rich plasma from healthy subjects was stimulated with arachidonic acid (AA), U46619, collagen type-I (10 and 1.5 μg/mL), epinephrine, ADP or TRAP-6 and pre-incubated with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 100 and 10 μmol/L), SQ-29,548, apyrase, PSB-0739, or eptifibatide. PMPs were detected by flow-cytometry using CD61 and annexin-V as fluorescent markers. Platelet agonists induced annexin V-positive PMPs shedding. The strongest response was to high concentration collagen. ADP-triggered PMPs shedding was dose-independent. ASA reduced PMPs induced by AA- (645, 347–2946 vs. 3061, 446–4901 PMPs/μL; median ad range, n = 9, P < 0.001), collagen 10 μg/mL (5317, 2027–15935 vs. 10252, 4187–46316 PMPs/μL; n = 13, P < 0.001), collagen 1.5 μg/mL (1078, 528–2820 vs. 1465, 582–5948 PMPs/μL; n = 21, P < 0.001) and TRAP-6 (2008, 1621–2495 vs. 2840, 2404–3031 PMPs/μL; n = 3, P < 0.01) but did not affect the response to epinephrine or ADP. The ADP scavenger apyrase reduced PMPs induced by U46619 (1256, 395–2908 vs. 3045, 1119–5494 PMPs/μL, n = 6, P < 0.05), collagen 1.5 μg/mL (1006, 780–1309 vs. 2422, 1839–3494 PMPs/μL, n = 3, P < 0.01) and TRAP-6 (904, 761–1224 vs. 2840, 2404–3031 PMPs/μL, n = 3, P < 0.01). The TP receptor antagonist SQ-29,548 and the P2Y12 receptor antagonist PSB-0739 markedly inhibited PMPs induced by low doses of collagen. Except for high-dose collagen, eptifibatide abolished agonist-induced PMPs release. Both TXA2 generation and ADP secretion are required as amplifiers of PMP shedding. The crucial role of the fibrinogen receptor and the collagen receptor in PMPs generation, independently of platelet aggregation, was identified.
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Solari FA, Mattheij NJA, Burkhart JM, Swieringa F, Collins PW, Cosemans JMEM, Sickmann A, Heemskerk JWM, Zahedi RP. Combined Quantification of the Global Proteome, Phosphoproteome, and Proteolytic Cleavage to Characterize Altered Platelet Functions in the Human Scott Syndrome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:3154-3169. [PMID: 27535140 PMCID: PMC5054341 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.060368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Scott syndrome is a very rare and likely underdiagnosed bleeding disorder associated with mutations in the gene encoding anoctamin-6. Platelets from Scott patients are impaired in various Ca2+-dependent responses, including phosphatidylserine exposure, integrin closure, intracellular protein cleavage, and cytoskeleton-dependent morphological changes. Given the central role of anoctamin-6 in the platelet procoagulant response, we used quantitative proteomics to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms and the complex phenotypic changes in Scott platelets compared with control platelets. Therefore, we applied an iTRAQ-based multi-pronged strategy to quantify changes in (1) the global proteome, (2) the phosphoproteome, and (3) proteolytic events between resting and stimulated Scott and control platelets. Our data indicate a limited number of proteins with decreased (70) or increased (64) expression in Scott platelets, among those we confirmed the absence of anoctamin-6 and the strong up-regulation of aquaporin-1 by parallel reaction monitoring. The quantification of 1566 phosphopeptides revealed major differences between Scott and control platelets after stimulation with thrombin/convulxin or ionomycin. In Scott platelets, phosphorylation levels of proteins regulating cytoskeletal or signaling events were increased. Finally, we quantified 1596 N-terminal peptides in activated Scott and control platelets, 180 of which we identified as calpain-regulated, whereas a distinct set of 23 neo-N termini was caspase-regulated. In Scott platelets, calpain-induced cleavage of cytoskeleton-linked and signaling proteins was downregulated, in accordance with an increased phosphorylation state. Thus, multipronged proteomic profiling of Scott platelets provides detailed insight into their protection against detrimental Ca2+-dependent changes that are normally associated with phosphatidylserine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella A Solari
- From the ‡Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nadine J A Mattheij
- §Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Julia M Burkhart
- From the ‡Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Frauke Swieringa
- §Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter W Collins
- ¶Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Judith M E M Cosemans
- §Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Sickmann
- From the ‡Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany; ‖Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; **Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- §Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - René P Zahedi
- From the ‡Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany;
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115
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Au AE, Josefsson EC. Regulation of platelet membrane protein shedding in health and disease. Platelets 2016; 28:342-353. [PMID: 27494300 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1203401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular proteolysis of platelet plasma membrane proteins is an event that ensues platelet activation. Shedding of surface receptors such as glycoprotein (GP) Ibα, GPV and GPVI as well as externalized proteins P-selectin and CD40L releases soluble ectodomain fragments that are subsequently detectable in plasma. This results in the irreversible functional downregulation of platelet receptor-mediated adhesive interactions and the generation of biologically active fragments. In this review, we describe molecular insights into the regulation of platelet receptor and ligand shedding in health and disease. The scope of this review is specially focused on GPIbα, GPV, GPVI, P-selectin and CD40L where we: (1) describe the basic physiological regulation of expression and shedding of these proteins in hemostasis illustrate alterations in receptor expression during (2) apoptosis and (3) ex vivo storage relevant for blood banking purposes; (4) discuss considerations to be made when analyzing and interpreting shedding of platelet membrane proteins and finally; (5) collate clinical evidence that quantify these platelet proteins during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Au
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Cancer & Haematology Division , 1G Royal Parade, Melbourne , Australia.,b Department of Medical Biology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Emma C Josefsson
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Cancer & Haematology Division , 1G Royal Parade, Melbourne , Australia.,b Department of Medical Biology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
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116
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Ex vivo apoptotic and autophagic influence of an estradiol analogue on platelets. Exp Hematol Oncol 2016; 5:18. [PMID: 27429862 PMCID: PMC4946154 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-016-0048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Platelets are known contributors to the vascularization, metastasis and growth of tumors. Upon their interaction with cancer cells they are activated resulting in degranulation and release of constituents. Since the apoptotic- and autophagic effects of 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10)16-tetraene (ESE-16) has been shown to occur in vitro and this compound was designed to bind to carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), the possible occurrence of these cell death mechanisms in platelets as circulatory components, is of importance. Methods Scanning electron microscopy was used to assess morphological changes in platelets after exposure to ESE-16. The possible apoptotic- and autophagic effect of ESE-16 in platelets was also determined by means of flow cytometry through measurement of Annexin V-FITC, caspase 3 activity, autophagy related protein 5 levels and light chain 3-I to light chain 3-II conversion. Results Scanning electron microscopy revealed no changes in ESE-16-treated platelets when compared to vehicle-treated samples. Apoptosis detection by Annexin V-FITC and measurement of caspase 3 activity indicated that there was no increase in apoptosis when platelets were exposed to ESE-16. The incidence of autophagy by measurement of autophagy related protein 5 levels and light chain 3-I to light chain 3-II conversion showed that exposure to ESE-16 did not cause the incidence of autophagy in platelets. Conclusion This is the first ex vivo study reporting on involvement of apoptosis- and autophagy-related targets in platelets after exposure to ESE-16, warranting further investigation in platelets of cancer patients.
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Abstract
The lifespan of platelets in circulation is brief, close to 10 days in humans and 5 days in mice. Bone marrow residing megakaryocytes produce around 100 billion platelets per day. In a healthy individual, the majority of platelets are not consumed by hemostatic processes, but rather their lifespan is controlled by programmed cell death, a canonical intrinsic apoptosis program. In the last decade, insights from genetically manipulated mouse models and pharmacological developments have helped to define the components of the intrinsic, or mitochondrial, apoptosis pathway that controls platelet lifespan. This review focuses on the molecular regulation of apoptosis in platelet survival, reviews thrombocytopenic conditions linked to enhanced platelet death, examines implications of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia through apoptosis-inducing drugs in cancer therapy as well as discusses ex vivo aging of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Lebois
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Emma C Josefsson
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Melbourne , Australia.,b Department of Medical Biology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
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119
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Bevers EM, Williamson PL. Getting to the Outer Leaflet: Physiology of Phosphatidylserine Exposure at the Plasma Membrane. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:605-45. [PMID: 26936867 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00020.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a major component of membrane bilayers whose change in distribution between inner and outer leaflets is an important physiological signal. Normally, members of the type IV P-type ATPases spend metabolic energy to create an asymmetric distribution of phospholipids between the two leaflets, with PS confined to the cytoplasmic membrane leaflet. On occasion, membrane enzymes, known as scramblases, are activated to facilitate transbilayer migration of lipids, including PS. Recently, two proteins required for such randomization have been identified: TMEM16F, a scramblase regulated by elevated intracellular Ca(2+), and XKR8, a caspase-sensitive protein required for PS exposure in apoptotic cells. Once exposed at the cell surface, PS regulates biochemical reactions involved in blood coagulation, and bone mineralization, and also regulates a variety of cell-cell interactions. Exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells, PS controls their recognition and engulfment by other cells. This process is exploited by parasites to invade their host, and in specialized form is used to maintain photoreceptors in the eye and modify synaptic connections in the brain. This review discusses what is known about the mechanism of PS exposure at the surface of the plasma membrane of cells, how actors in the extracellular milieu sense surface exposed PS, and how this recognition is translated to downstream consequences of PS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard M Bevers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick L Williamson
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts
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Nagata S, Suzuki J, Segawa K, Fujii T. Exposure of phosphatidylserine on the cell surface. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:952-61. [PMID: 26891692 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) is a phospholipid that is abundant in eukaryotic plasma membranes. An ATP-dependent enzyme called flippase normally keeps PtdSer inside the cell, but PtdSer is exposed by the action of scramblase on the cell's surface in biological processes such as apoptosis and platelet activation. Once exposed to the cell surface, PtdSer acts as an 'eat me' signal on dead cells, and creates a scaffold for blood-clotting factors on activated platelets. The molecular identities of the flippase and scramblase that work at plasma membranes have long eluded researchers. Indeed, their identity as well as the mechanism of the PtdSer exposure to the cell surface has only recently been revealed. Here, we describe how PtdSer is exposed in apoptotic cells and in activated platelets, and discuss PtdSer exposure in other biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nagata
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - J Suzuki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Segawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Fujii
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Mattheij NJA, Braun A, van Kruchten R, Castoldi E, Pircher J, Baaten CCFMJ, Wülling M, Kuijpers MJE, Köhler R, Poole AW, Schreiber R, Vortkamp A, Collins PW, Nieswandt B, Kunzelmann K, Cosemans JMEM, Heemskerk JWM. Survival protein anoctamin-6 controls multiple platelet responses including phospholipid scrambling, swelling, and protein cleavage. FASEB J 2016; 30:727-37. [PMID: 26481309 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-280446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Scott syndrome is a rare bleeding disorder, characterized by altered Ca(2+)-dependent platelet signaling with defective phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and microparticle formation, and is linked to mutations in the ANO6 gene, encoding anoctamin (Ano)6. We investigated how the complex platelet phenotype of this syndrome is linked to defective expression of Anos or other ion channels. Mice were generated with heterozygous of homozygous deficiency in Ano6, Ano1, or Ca(2+)-dependent KCa3.1 Gardos channel. Platelets from these mice were extensively analyzed on molecular functions and compared with platelets from a patient with Scott syndrome. Deficiency in Ano1 or Gardos channel did not reduce platelet responses compared with control mice (P > 0.1). In 2 mouse strains, deficiency in Ano6 resulted in reduced viability with increased bleeding time to 28.6 min (control 6.4 min, P < 0.05). Platelets from the surviving Ano6-deficient mice resembled platelets from patients with Scott syndrome in: 1) normal collagen-induced aggregate formation (P > 0.05) with reduced PS exposure (-65 to 90%); 2) lowered Ca(2+)-dependent swelling (-80%) and membrane blebbing (-90%); 3) reduced calpain-dependent protein cleavage (-60%); and 4) moderately affected apoptosis-dependent PS exposure. In conclusion, mouse deficiency of Ano6 but not of other channels affects viability and phenocopies the complex changes in platelets from hemostatically impaired patients with Scott syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine J A Mattheij
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Attila Braun
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Roger van Kruchten
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabetta Castoldi
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Pircher
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Constance C F M J Baaten
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Manuela Wülling
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Marijke J E Kuijpers
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Köhler
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair W Poole
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Vortkamp
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W Collins
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Judith M E M Cosemans
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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122
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Understanding platelet generation from megakaryocytes: implications for in vitro-derived platelets. Blood 2016; 127:1227-33. [PMID: 26787738 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-08-607929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are anucleate cytoplasmic discs derived from megakaryocytes that circulate in the blood and have major roles in hemostasis, thrombosis, inflammation, and vascular biology. Platelet transfusions are required to prevent the potentially life-threatening complications of severe thrombocytopenia seen in a variety of medical settings including cancer therapy, trauma, and sepsis. Platelets used in the clinic are currently donor-derived which is associated with concerns over sufficient availability, quality, and complications due to immunologic and/or infectious issues. To overcome our dependence on donor-derived platelets for transfusion, efforts have been made to generate in vitro-based platelets. Work in this area has advanced our understanding of the complex processes that megakaryocytes must undergo to generate platelets both in vivo and in vitro. This knowledge has also defined the challenges that must be overcome to bring in vitro-based platelet manufacturing to a clinical reality. This review will focus on our understanding of committed megakaryocytes and platelet release in vivo and in vitro, and how this knowledge can guide the development of in vitro-derived platelets for clinical application.
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123
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Brooks MB, Catalfamo JL, MacNguyen R, Tim D, Fancher S, McCardle JA. A TMEM16F point mutation causes an absence of canine platelet TMEM16F and ineffective activation and death-induced phospholipid scrambling. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:2240-52. [PMID: 26414452 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TMEM16F is an ion channel and calcium-dependent lipid scramblase that mediates phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on the plasma membrane. Two disparate disease phenotypes are associated with TMEM16F loss-of-function mutations: a rare bleeding disorder (Scott syndrome) and skeletal malformations due to aberrant bone mineralization in a TMEM16F knockout mouse. We therefore undertook comparative studies of TMEM16F expression in canine Scott syndrome (CSS), an autosomal recessive platelet defect. OBJECTIVES To define anoctamin proteins and scramblase response of CSS platelets and to determine whether TMEM16F is the CSS disease gene. METHODS CSS TMEM16F cDNA and gene were sequenced and mutation detection was performed in CSS pedigrees. Platelet fractions from CSS dogs were isolated for proteomic and immunologic characterization of TMEM16F. Annexin V was used as a flow cytometric marker of induced platelet PS externalization. RESULTS A TMEM16F splice site mutation segregated with the CSS trait and TMEM16F protein was undetectable in CSS platelet membranes; however, a second anoctamin, TMEM16K, was found. Proteomic analyses revealed a network of 32 proteins that differentially cosegregated with platelet plasma membrane TMEM16F. CSS platelets had profoundly impaired scramblase response to pharmacologic and physiologic agents that increase intraplatelet calcium and conditions that induce apoptotic and necrotic cell death. CONCLUSIONS CSS platelets represent a TMEM16F-null mutant model that demonstrates a central role for TMEM16F in mediating platelet PS externalization in response to activating and death signals. Platelet TMEM16F may prove a novel drug target for modulating platelet procoagulant activity and extending platelet life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Brooks
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - J L Catalfamo
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - R MacNguyen
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - D Tim
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - S Fancher
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - J A McCardle
- Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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124
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Tran PL, Pietropaolo MG, Valerio L, Brengle W, Wong RK, Kazui T, Khalpey ZI, Redaelli A, Sheriff J, Bluestein D, Slepian MJ. Hemolysate-mediated platelet aggregation: an additional risk mechanism contributing to thrombosis of continuous flow ventricular assist devices. Perfusion 2015; 31:401-8. [PMID: 26590166 DOI: 10.1177/0267659115615206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the clinical success and growth in the utilization of continuous flow ventricular assist devices (cfVADs) for the treatment of advanced heart failure, hemolysis and thrombosis remain major limitations. Inadequate and/or ineffective anticoagulation regimens, combined with high pump speed and non-physiological flow patterns, can result in hemolysis which often is accompanied by pump thrombosis. An unexpected increase in cfVADs thrombosis was reported by multiple major VAD implanting centers in 2014, highlighting the association of hemolysis and a rise in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) presaging thrombotic events. It is well established that thrombotic complications arise from the abnormal shear stresses generated by cfVADs. What remains unknown is the link between cfVAD-associated hemolysis and pump thrombosis. Can hemolysis of red blood cells (RBCs) contribute to platelet aggregation, thereby, facilitating prothrombotic complications in cfVADs? Herein, we examine the effect of RBC-hemolysate and selected major constituents, i.e., lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and plasma free hemoglobin (pHb) on platelet aggregation, utilizing electrical resistance aggregometry. Our hypothesis is that elements of RBCs, released as a result of shear-mediated hemolysis, will contribute to platelet aggregation. We show that RBC hemolysate and pHb, but not LDH, are direct contributors to platelet aggregation, posing an additional risk mechanism for cfVAD thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marvin J Slepian
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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125
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Necrotic platelets provide a procoagulant surface during thrombosis. Blood 2015; 126:2852-62. [PMID: 26474813 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-08-663005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A subpopulation of platelets fulfills a procoagulant role in hemostasis and thrombosis by enabling the thrombin burst required for fibrin formation and clot stability at the site of vascular injury. Excess procoagulant activity is linked with pathological thrombosis. The identity of the procoagulant platelet has been elusive. The cell death marker 4-[N-(S-glutathionylacetyl)amino]phenylarsonous acid (GSAO) rapidly enters a subpopulation of agonist-stimulated platelets via an organic anion-transporting polypeptide and is retained in the cytosol through covalent reaction with protein dithiols. Labeling with GSAO, together with exposure of P-selectin, distinguishes necrotic from apoptotic platelets and correlates with procoagulant potential. GSAO(+) platelets form in occluding murine thrombi after ferric chloride injury and are attenuated with megakaryocyte-directed deletion of the cyclophilin D gene. These platelets form a procoagulant surface, supporting fibrin formation, and reduction in GSAO(+) platelets is associated with reduction in platelet thrombus size and fibrin formation. Analysis of platelets from human subjects receiving aspirin therapy indicates that these procoagulant platelets form despite aspirin therapy, but are attenuated by inhibition of the necrosis pathway. These findings indicate that the major subpopulation of platelets involved in fibrin formation are formed via regulated necrosis involving cyclophilin D, and that they may be targeted independent of platelet activation.
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126
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Simon
- From Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.I.S.); and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin and Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (R.L.S.).
| | - Roy L Silverstein
- From Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.I.S.); and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin and Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (R.L.S.)
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127
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Segawa K, Nagata S. An Apoptotic 'Eat Me' Signal: Phosphatidylserine Exposure. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 25:639-650. [PMID: 26437594 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis and the clearance of apoptotic cells are essential processes in animal development and homeostasis. For apoptotic cells to be cleared, they must display an 'eat me' signal, most likely phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) exposure, which prompts phagocytes to engulf the cells. PtdSer, which is recognized by several different systems, is normally confined to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane by a 'flippase'; apoptosis activates a 'scramblase' that quickly exposes PtdSer on the cell surface. The molecules that flip and scramble phospholipids at the plasma membrane have recently been identified. Here we discuss recent findings regarding the molecular mechanisms of apoptotic PtdSer exposure and the clearance of apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumori Segawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
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128
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Impact of the β-Lactam Resistance Modifier (-)-Epicatechin Gallate on the Non-Random Distribution of Phospholipids across the Cytoplasmic Membrane of Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Mol Sci 2015. [PMID: 26213914 PMCID: PMC4581164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160816710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The polyphenol (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECg) inserts into the cytoplasmic membrane (CM) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and reversibly abrogates resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. ECg elicits an increase in MRSA cell size and induces thickened cell walls. As ECg partially delocalizes penicillin-binding protein PBP2 from the septal division site, reduces PBP2 and PBP2a complexation and induces CM remodelling, we examined the impact of ECg membrane intercalation on phospholipid distribution across the CM and determined if ECg affects the equatorial, orthogonal mode of division. The major phospholipids of the staphylococcal CM, lysylphosphatidylglycerol (LPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and cardiolipin (CL), were distributed in highly asymmetric fashion; 95%–97% of LPG was associated with the inner leaflet whereas PG (~90%) and CL (~80%) were found predominantly in the outer leaflet. ECg elicited small, significant changes in LPG distribution. Atomic force microscopy established that ECg-exposed cells divided in similar fashion to control bacteria, with a thickened band of encircling peptidoglycan representing the most recent plane of cell division, less distinct ribs indicative of previous sites of orthogonal division and concentric rings and “knobbles” representing stages of peptidoglycan remodelling during the cell cycle. Preservation of staphylococcal membrane lipid asymmetry and mode of division in sequential orthogonal planes appear key features of ECg-induced stress.
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129
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Yu K, Whitlock JM, Lee K, Ortlund EA, Yuan Cui Y, Hartzell HC. Identification of a lipid scrambling domain in ANO6/TMEM16F. eLife 2015; 4:e06901. [PMID: 26057829 PMCID: PMC4477620 DOI: 10.7554/elife.06901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid scrambling (PLS) is a ubiquitous cellular mechanism involving the regulated bidirectional transport of phospholipids down their concentration gradient between membrane leaflets. ANO6/TMEM16F has been shown to be essential for Ca(2+)-dependent PLS, but controversy surrounds whether ANO6 is a phospholipid scramblase or an ion channel like other ANO/TMEM16 family members. Combining patch clamp recording with measurement of PLS, we show that ANO6 elicits robust Ca(2+)-dependent PLS coinciding with ionic currents that are explained by ionic leak during phospholipid translocation. By analyzing ANO1-ANO6 chimeric proteins, we identify a domain in ANO6 necessary for PLS and sufficient to confer this function on ANO1, which normally does not scramble. Homology modeling shows that the scramblase domain forms an unusual hydrophilic cleft that faces the lipid bilayer and may function to facilitate translocation of phospholipid between membrane leaflets. These findings provide a mechanistic framework for understanding PLS and how ANO6 functions in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuai Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - Jarred M Whitlock
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - Kyleen Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - Yuan Yuan Cui
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - H Criss Hartzell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
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130
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Debrincat MA, Pleines I, Lebois M, Lane RM, Holmes ML, Corbin J, Vandenberg CJ, Alexander WS, Ng AP, Strasser A, Bouillet P, Sola-Visner M, Kile BT, Josefsson EC. BCL-2 is dispensable for thrombopoiesis and platelet survival. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1721. [PMID: 25880088 PMCID: PMC4650559 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Navitoclax (ABT-263), an inhibitor of the pro-survival BCL-2 family proteins BCL-2, BCL-XL and BCL-W, has shown clinical efficacy in certain BCL-2-dependent haematological cancers, but causes dose-limiting thrombocytopaenia. The latter effect is caused by Navitoclax directly inducing the apoptotic death of platelets, which are dependent on BCL-XL for survival. Recently, ABT-199, a selective BCL-2 antagonist, was developed. It has shown promising anti-leukaemia activity in patients whilst sparing platelets, suggesting that the megakaryocyte lineage does not require BCL-2. In order to elucidate the role of BCL-2 in megakaryocyte and platelet survival, we generated mice with a lineage-specific deletion of Bcl2, alone or in combination with loss of Mcl1 or Bclx. Platelet production and platelet survival were analysed. Additionally, we made use of BH3 mimetics that selectively inhibit BCL-2 or BCL-XL. We show that the deletion of BCL-2, on its own or in concert with MCL-1, does not affect platelet production or platelet lifespan. Thrombocytopaenia in Bclx-deficient mice was not affected by additional genetic loss or pharmacological inhibition of BCL-2. Thus, BCL-2 is dispensable for thrombopoiesis and platelet survival in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Debrincat
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - I Pleines
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - M Lebois
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - R M Lane
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - M L Holmes
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - J Corbin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - C J Vandenberg
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - W S Alexander
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - A P Ng
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - A Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - P Bouillet
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - M Sola-Visner
- Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B T Kile
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - E C Josefsson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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131
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Milioli M, Ibáñez-Vea M, Sidoli S, Palmisano G, Careri M, Larsen MR. Quantitative proteomics analysis of platelet-derived microparticles reveals distinct protein signatures when stimulated by different physiological agonists. J Proteomics 2015; 121:56-66. [PMID: 25835965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Platelet-derived MPs (PMPs) are a heterogeneous population of microvesicles released from platelets upon activation and apoptosis. Different platelet activations may affect PMP protein profiles and roles in intercellular communication. Here, we performed a quantitative proteomics study to characterize the protein content of PMPs generated by four differentially activated platelet samples. We selected known physiological agonists for platelet activation such as ADP, thrombin and collagen. Thrombin, which is mostly used to generate PMPs in vitro, was set as control. Platelets were activated by following a known agonist strength scale in which ADP was the weakest activation and thrombin and collagen stimulations were the strongest ones. Our proteomic analysis allowed the quantification of 3383 proteins, of which 428 membrane and 131 soluble proteins were found as significantly different in at least one of the analyzed conditions. Activation with stronger agonists led to the enrichment of proteins related to platelet activation in PMPs. In addition, proteins involved in platelet degranulation and proteins from the electron transport chain were less abundant in PMPs when stronger activation was used. Collectively, our data describe the most detailed characterization of PMPs after platelet physiological activation. Furthermore, we show that PMP protein content is highly dependent on the type of physiological agonist involved in platelet stimulation. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Platelet-derived MPs (PMPs) are a population of vesicles generated upon platelet activation by various stimuli known to be involved in several physiological and pathological processes. This manuscript investigates the protein profile of PMPs obtained by performing four different activation protocols using mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics. By following a known physiological agonist strength scale our findings suggest a biological link between agonist strength and proteins associated to platelet mediated processes such as activation and degranulation. These data may provide new insights for understanding PMP biological role and formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Milioli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Ibáñez-Vea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Parasitology, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Careri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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132
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Lang F, Gawaz M, Borst O. The serum- & glucocorticoid-inducible kinase in the regulation of platelet function. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:181-90. [PMID: 24947805 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) is expressed in megakaryocytes and circulating platelets. In megakaryocytes, SGK1 activates transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), which in turn stimulates expression of Orai1, a Ca(2+) channel protein accomplishing store-operated Ca(2+) enrty (SOCE). SGK1 enhances SOCE and several Ca(2+) -sensitive platelet functions, including degranulation, integrin αII b β3 activation, phosphatidylserine exposure, aggregation and thrombus formation. As shown in other cell types, stimulators of SGK1 expression include ischaemia, oxidative stress, hyperglycaemia, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and a variety of hormones such as glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), interleukin 6 (IL-6), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), thrombin and endothelin. Thus, SGK1-sensitive Ca(2+) signalling may contribute to altered platelet function in several clinical conditions including inflammation, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure. Nevertheless, further studies are needed defining the contribution of altered SGK1 expression and activity to physiology and pathophysiology of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Lang
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - M. Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - O. Borst
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
- Department of Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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133
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Musumeci L, Kuijpers MJ, Gilio K, Hego A, Théâtre E, Maurissen L, Vandereyken M, Diogo CV, Lecut C, Guilmain W, Bobkova EV, Eble JA, Dahl R, Drion P, Rascon J, Mostofi Y, Yuan H, Sergienko E, Chung TDY, Thiry M, Senis Y, Moutschen M, Mustelin T, Lancellotti P, Heemskerk JWM, Tautz L, Oury C, Rahmouni S. Dual-specificity phosphatase 3 deficiency or inhibition limits platelet activation and arterial thrombosis. Circulation 2014; 131:656-68. [PMID: 25520375 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A limitation of current antiplatelet therapies is their inability to separate thrombotic events from bleeding occurrences. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to platelet activation is important for the development of improved therapies. Recently, protein tyrosine phosphatases have emerged as critical regulators of platelet function. METHODS AND RESULTS This is the first report implicating the dual-specificity phosphatase 3 (DUSP3) in platelet signaling and thrombosis. This phosphatase is highly expressed in human and mouse platelets. Platelets from DUSP3-deficient mice displayed a selective impairment of aggregation and granule secretion mediated by the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI and the C-type lectin-like receptor 2. DUSP3-deficient mice were more resistant to collagen- and epinephrine-induced thromboembolism compared with wild-type mice and showed severely impaired thrombus formation on ferric chloride-induced carotid artery injury. Intriguingly, bleeding times were not altered in DUSP3-deficient mice. At the molecular level, DUSP3 deficiency impaired Syk tyrosine phosphorylation, subsequently reducing phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ2 and calcium fluxes. To investigate DUSP3 function in human platelets, a novel small-molecule inhibitor of DUSP3 was developed. This compound specifically inhibited collagen- and C-type lectin-like receptor 2-induced human platelet aggregation, thereby phenocopying the effect of DUSP3 deficiency in murine cells. CONCLUSIONS DUSP3 plays a selective and essential role in collagen- and C-type lectin-like receptor 2-mediated platelet activation and thrombus formation in vivo. Inhibition of DUSP3 may prove therapeutic for arterial thrombosis. This is the first time a protein tyrosine phosphatase, implicated in platelet signaling, has been targeted with a small-molecule drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Musumeci
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Marijke J Kuijpers
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Karen Gilio
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Alexandre Hego
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Emilie Théâtre
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Lisbeth Maurissen
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Maud Vandereyken
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Catia V Diogo
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Christelle Lecut
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - William Guilmain
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Ekaterina V Bobkova
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Johannes A Eble
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Russell Dahl
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Pierre Drion
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Justin Rascon
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Yalda Mostofi
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Hongbin Yuan
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Eduard Sergienko
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Thomas D Y Chung
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Marc Thiry
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Yotis Senis
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Michel Moutschen
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Tomas Mustelin
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Lutz Tautz
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.).
| | - Cécile Oury
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.).
| | - Souad Rahmouni
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.).
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134
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Tseng WL, Chen TH, Huang CC, Huang YH, Yeh CF, Tsai HJ, Lee HY, Kao CY, Lin SW, Liao HR, Cheng JC, Tseng CP. Impaired thrombin generation in Reelin-deficient mice: a potential role of plasma Reelin in hemostasis. J Thromb Haemost 2014; 12:2054-64. [PMID: 25255925 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reelin is a large extracellular glycoprotein that is present in the peripheral blood. That Reelin interacts with the coagulation components and elicits a functional role in hemostasis has not yet been elucidated. OBJECTIVES The hemostatic activity of Reelin is investigated and defined in this study. METHODS The interplay of Reelin with coagulation components was elucidated by far-Western and liposome/platelet binding assays. In vivo and ex vivo hemostasis-related analyses of Reelin-deficient mice and plasma were also performed. RESULTS Reelin interacted with the liposomes containing phosphatidylserine (PS) or phosphatidylcholine. Instead of interacting with known Reelin receptors (ApoE receptor 2, very low density lipoprotein receptor and integrin β1), Reelin interacted with PS of the activated platelets. The interaction between Reelin and the coagulation factors of thrombin and FXa was also demonstrated with the Kd of 11.7 and 21.2 nm, respectively. Reelin-deficient mice displayed a prolonged bleeding time and an increase in rebleeding rate. Despite the fact that Reelin deficiency had no significant effect on the clotting time of prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time, the fibrin clot formation was abnormal and the fibrin clot structure was relatively loosened with reduced clot strength. Abnormal fibrinogen expression did not account for the hemostatic defects associated with Reelin deficiency. Instead, thrombin generation was impaired concomitant with an altered prothrombin cleavage pattern. CONCLUSIONS By interacting with platelet phospholipids and the coagulation factors, thrombin and FXa, Reelin plays a selective role in coagulation activation, leading to thrombin generation and formation of a normal fibrin clot.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-L Tseng
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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135
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Mitchell WB, Pinheiro MP, Boulad N, Kaplan D, Edison MN, Psaila B, Karpoff M, White MJ, Josefsson EC, Kile BT, Bussel JB. Effect of thrombopoietin receptor agonists on the apoptotic profile of platelets in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia. Am J Hematol 2014; 89:E228-34. [PMID: 25132654 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Platelet survival depends upon mediators of apoptosis e.g., Bcl-xL, Bax, and Bak, which are regulated by thrombopoietin (TPO)-mediated AKT signaling. Thrombopoietin receptor (TPO-R) signaling might decrease platelet and/or megakaryocyte apoptosis and increase the platelet count. This study therefore explored anti-apoptotic effects of TPO-R-agonists in vivo on platelets of patients with immune thrombocytopenia. Patients received eltrombopag or romiplostim for two weeks. Total, immature, and large platelet counts were assessed as were Bcl-xL inhibitor assay; Bcl-xL Western blot; and flow cytometric (FACS) analysis of the AKT-signaling pathway. Eight/ten patients had platelet responses to eltrombopag and all three to romiplostim. Platelet sensitivity to apoptosis by Bcl-xL inhibition was greater in pretreatment patients than controls. This sensitivity normalized after one week of therapy, but surprisingly returned to pretreatment levels at week two. FACS analysis revealed increased AKT-pathway signaling after one week, followed by a decrease at week two. Platelet counts correlated with the Bcl-xL /Bak ratio. Platelet survival may be enhanced by TPO-R-agonists as a transient decrease in platelet sensitivity to apoptosis was accompanied by transient activation of AKT. However, this mechanism has only a short-lived effect. Megakaryocytes and platelets already present at the start of TPO-R-agonist treatment appear to respond differently than those generated de novo.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Beau Mitchell
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York New York
- Laboratory of Platelet Biology; New York Blood Center; New York New York
| | - Mariana P. Pinheiro
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York New York
| | - Nayla Boulad
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York New York
| | | | - Michele N. Edison
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York New York
| | - Bethan Psaila
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York New York
- Department of Haematology; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Marissa Karpoff
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York New York
| | - Michael J. White
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research; Parkville Australia
| | - Emma C. Josefsson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research; Parkville Australia
| | - Benjamin T. Kile
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research; Parkville Australia
| | - James B. Bussel
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York New York
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136
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In vitro evaluation of pathogen-inactivated buffy coat-derived platelet concentrates during storage: psoralen-based photochemical treatment step-by-step. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2014; 13:255-64. [PMID: 25369598 DOI: 10.2450/2014.0082-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Intercept Blood SystemTM (Cerus) is used to inactivate pathogens in platelet concentrates (PC). The aim of this study was to elucidate the extent to which the Intercept treatment modifies the functional properties of platelets. MATERIAL AND METHODS A two-arm study was conducted initially to compare buffy coat-derived pathogen-inactivated PC to untreated PC (n=5) throughout storage. A four-arm study was then designed to evaluate the contribution of the compound adsorbing device (CAD) and ultraviolet (UV) illumination to the changes observed upon Intercept treatment. Intercept-treated PC, CAD-incubated PC, and UV-illuminated PC were compared to untreated PC (n=5). Functional characteristics were assessed using flow cytometry, hypotonic shock response (HSR), aggregation, adhesion assays and flow cytometry for the detection of CD62P, CD42b, GPIIb-IIIa, phosphatidylserine exposure and JC-1 aggregates. RESULTS Compared to fresh platelets, end-of-storage platelets exhibited greater passive activation, disruption of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm), and phosphatidylserine exposure accompanied by a decreased capacity to respond to agonist-induced aggregation, lower HSR, and CD42b expression. The Intercept treatment resulted in significantly lower HSR and CD42b expression compared to controls on day 7, with no significant changes in CD62P, Δψm, or phosphatidylserine exposure. GPIIbIIIa expression was significantly increased in Intercept-treated platelets throughout the storage period. The agonist-induced aggregation response was highly dependent on the type and concentration of agonist used, indicating a minor effect of the Intercept treatment. The CAD and UV steps alone had a negligible effect on platelet aggregation. DISCUSSION The Intercept treatment moderately affects platelet function in vitro. CAD and UV illumination alone make negligible contributions to the changes in aggregation observed in Intercept-treated PC.
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Platelet mechanosensing of substrate stiffness during clot formation mediates adhesion, spreading, and activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:14430-5. [PMID: 25246564 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1322917111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As platelets aggregate and activate at the site of vascular injury to stem bleeding, they are subjected to a myriad of biochemical and biophysical signals and cues. As clot formation ensues, platelets interact with polymerizing fibrin scaffolds, exposing platelets to a large range of mechanical microenvironments. Here, we show for the first time (to our knowledge) that platelets, which are anucleate cellular fragments, sense microenvironmental mechanical properties, such as substrate stiffness, and transduce those cues into differential biological signals. Specifically, as platelets mechanosense the stiffness of the underlying fibrin/fibrinogen substrate, increasing substrate stiffness leads to increased platelet adhesion and spreading. Importantly, adhesion on stiffer substrates also leads to higher levels of platelet activation, as measured by integrin αIIbβ3 activation, α-granule secretion, and procoagulant activity. Mechanistically, we determined that Rac1 and actomyosin activity mediate substrate stiffness-dependent platelet adhesion, spreading, and activation to different degrees. This capability of platelets to mechanosense microenvironmental cues in a growing thrombus or hemostatic plug and then mechanotransduce those cues into differential levels of platelet adhesion, spreading, and activation provides biophysical insight into the underlying mechanisms of platelet aggregation and platelet activation heterogeneity during thrombus formation.
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Münzer P, Schmid E, Walker B, Fotinos A, Chatterjee M, Rath D, Vogel S, Hoffmann SM, Metzger K, Seizer P, Geisler T, Gawaz M, Borst O, Lang F. Sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1) negatively regulates platelet activation and thrombus formation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C920-7. [PMID: 25231106 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00029.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a powerful regulator of platelet formation. Enzymes generating S1P include sphingosine kinase 1. The present study thus explored the role of sphingosine kinase 1 in platelet formation and function. Activation-dependent platelet integrin αIIbβ3 activation and secretion of platelets lacking functional sphingosine kinase 1 (sphk1(-/-)) and of wild-type platelets (sphk1(+/+)) were determined utilizing flow cytometry and chronolume luciferin assay. Cytosolic Ca(2+) activity ([Ca(2+)]i) and aggregation were measured using fura-2 fluorescence and aggregometry, respectively. In vitro platelet adhesion and thrombus formation were evaluated using a flow chamber with shear rates of 1,700 s(-1). Activation-dependent increase of [Ca(2+)]i, degranulation (release of alpha and dense granules), integrin αIIbβ3 activation, and aggregation were all significantly increased in sphk1(-/-) platelets compared with sphk1(+/+) platelets. Moreover, while platelet adhesion and thrombus formation under arterial shear rates were significantly augmented in Sphk1-deficient platelets, bleeding time and blood count were unaffected in sphk1(-/-) mice. In conclusion, sphingosine kinase 1 is a powerful negative regulator of platelet function counteracting degranulation, aggregation, and thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Münzer
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Evi Schmid
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Britta Walker
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Fotinos
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Madhumita Chatterjee
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Dominik Rath
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Sebastian Vogel
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Sascha M Hoffmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Metzger
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Peter Seizer
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Tobias Geisler
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Oliver Borst
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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139
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Epicatechin and catechin modulate endothelial activation induced by platelets of patients with peripheral artery disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:691015. [PMID: 25180068 PMCID: PMC4142301 DOI: 10.1155/2014/691015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Platelet activation contributes to the alteration of endothelial function, a critical initial step in atherogenesis through the production and release of prooxidant mediators. There is uncertainty about the precise role of polyphenols in interaction between platelets and endothelial cells (ECs). We aimed to investigate whether polyphenols are able to reduce endothelial activation induced by activated platelets. First, we compared platelet activation and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in 10 healthy subjects (HS) and 10 patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Then, we evaluated the effect of epicatechin plus catechin on platelet-HUVEC interaction by measuring soluble cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), NOx production, and eNOS phosphorylation (p-eNOS) in HUVEC. Compared to HS, PAD patients had enhanced platelet activation. Conversely, PAD patients had lower FMD than HS. Supernatant of activated platelets from PAD patients induced an increase of sCAMs release and a decrease of p-eNOS and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability compared to unstimulated HUVEC. Coincubation of HUVEC, with supernatant of PAD platelets patients, pretreated with a scalar dose of the polyphenols, resulted in a decrease of sCAMs release and in an increase of p-eNOS and NO bioavailability. This study demonstrates that epicatechin plus catechin reduces endothelial activation induced by activated platelets.
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140
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Agonist-induced platelet procoagulant activity requires shear and a Rac1-dependent signaling mechanism. Blood 2014; 124:1957-67. [PMID: 25079357 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-03-560821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated platelets facilitate blood coagulation by exposing phosphatidylserine (PS) and releasing microvesicles (MVs). However, the potent physiological agonists thrombin and collagen poorly induce PS exposure when a single agonist is used. To obtain a greater procoagulant response, thrombin is commonly used in combination with glycoprotein VI agonists. However, even under these conditions, only a percentage of platelets express procoagulant activity. To date, it remains unclear why platelets poorly expose PS even when stimulated with multiple agonists and what the signaling pathways are of soluble agonist-induced platelet procoagulant activity. Here we show that physiological levels of shear present in blood significantly enhance agonist-induced platelet PS exposure and MV release, enabling low doses of a single agonist to induce full-scale platelet procoagulant activity. PS exposed on the platelet surface was immediately released as MVs, revealing a tight coupling between the 2 processes under shear. Using platelet-specific Rac1(-/-) mice, we discovered that Rac1 plays a common role in mediating the low-dose agonist-induced procoagulant response independent of platelet aggregation, secretion, and the apoptosis pathway. Platelet-specific Rac1 function was not only important for coagulation in vitro but also for fibrin accumulation in vivo following laser-induced arteriolar injury.
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141
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Pietraforte D, Vona R, Marchesi A, de Jacobis IT, Villani A, Del Principe D, Straface E. Redox control of platelet functions in physiology and pathophysiology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:177-93. [PMID: 24597688 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE An imbalance between the production and the detoxification of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) can be implicated in many pathological processes. Platelets are best known as primary mediators of hemostasis and can be either targets of ROS/RNS or generate radicals during cell activation. These conditions can dramatically affect platelet physiology, leading even, as an ultimate event, to the cell number modification. In this case, pathological conditions such as thrombocytosis (promoted by increased cell number) or thrombocytopenia and myelodysplasia (promoted by cell decrease mediated by accelerated apoptosis) can occur. RECENT ADVANCES Usually, in peripheral blood, ROS/RNS production is balanced by the rate of oxidant elimination. Under this condition, platelets are in a nonadherent "resting" state. During endothelial dysfunction or under pathological conditions, ROS/RNS production increases and the platelets respond with specific biochemical and morphologic changes. Mitochondria are at the center of these processes, being able to both generate ROS/RNS, that drive redox-sensitive events, and respond to ROS/RNS-mediated changes of the cellular redox state. Irregular function of platelets and enhanced interaction with leukocytes and endothelial cells can contribute to pathogenesis of atherosclerotic and thrombotic events. CRITICAL ISSUES The relationship between oxidative stress, platelet death, and the activation-dependent pathways that drive platelet pro-coagulant activity is unclear and deserves to be explored. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Expanding knowledge about how platelets can mediate hemostasis and modulate inflammation may lead to novel and effective therapeutic strategies for the long and growing list of pathological conditions that involve both thrombosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Pietraforte
- 1 Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Section of Cell Aging and Gender Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome, Italy
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142
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Shear enhances thrombopoiesis and formation of microparticles that induce megakaryocytic differentiation of stem cells. Blood 2014; 124:2094-103. [PMID: 24948658 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-01-547927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo visualization of thrombopoiesis suggests an important role for shear flow in platelet biogenesis. In vitro, shear stress was shown to accelerate proplatelet formation from mature megakaryocytes (Mks). Yet, the role of biomechanical forces on Mk biology and platelet biogenesis remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the impact of shear stress on Mk maturation and formation of platelet-like particles (PLPs), pro/preplatelets (PPTs), and Mk microparticles (MkMPs), and furthermore, we explored a physiological role for MkMPs. We found that shear accelerated DNA synthesis of immature Mks in an exposure time- and shear stress level-dependent manner. Both phosphatidylserine exposure and caspase-3 activation were enhanced by shear stress. Exposure to physiological shear dramatically increased generation of PLPs/PPTs and MkMPs by up to 10.8 and 47-fold, respectively. Caspase-3 inhibition reduced shear-induced PLP/PPT and MkMP formation. PLPs generated under shear flow displayed improved functionality as assessed by CD62P exposure and fibrinogen binding. Significantly, coculture of MkMPs with hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells promoted hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell differentiation to mature Mks synthesizing α- and dense-granules, and forming PPTs without exogenous thrombopoietin, thus identifying a novel and unexplored potential physiological role for MkMPs.
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143
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Pre-activated blood platelets and a pro-thrombotic phenotype in APP23 mice modeling Alzheimer's disease. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2040-50. [PMID: 24928203 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Platelet activation and thrombus formation play a critical role in primary hemostasis but also represent a pathophysiological mechanism leading to acute thrombotic vascular occlusions. Besides, platelets modulate cellular processes including inflammation, angiogenesis and neurodegeneration. On the other hand, platelet activation and thrombus formation are altered in different diseases leading to either bleeding complications or pathological thrombus formation. For many years platelets have been considered to play a role in neuroinflammatory diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is characterized by deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) and strongly related to vascular diseases with platelets playing a critical role in the progression of AD because exposure of platelets to Aβ induces platelet activation, platelet Aβ release, and enhanced platelet adhesion to collagen in vitro and at the injured carotid artery in vivo. However, the molecular mechanisms and the relation between vascular pathology and amyloid-β plaque formation in the pathogenesis of AD are not fully understood. Compelling evidence is suggestive for altered platelet activity in AD patients. Thus we analyzed platelet activation and thrombus formation in aged AD transgenic mice (APP23) known to develop amyloid-β deposits in the brain parenchyma and cerebral vessels. As a result, platelets are in a pre-activated state in blood of APP23 mice and showed strongly enhanced integrin activation, degranulation and spreading kinetics on fibrinogen surfaces upon stimulation. This enhanced platelet signaling translated into almost unlimited thrombus formation on collagen under flow conditions in vitro and accelerated vessel occlusion in vivo suggesting that these mice are at high risk of arterial thrombosis leading to cerebrovascular and unexpectedly to cardiovascular complications that might be also relevant in AD patients.
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144
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Thushara RM, Hemshekhar M, Paul M, Shanmuga Sundaram M, Shankar RL, Kemparaju K, Girish KS. Crocin prevents sesamol-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human platelets. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2014; 38:321-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-014-1056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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145
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O'Donnell VB, Murphy RC, Watson SP. Platelet lipidomics: modern day perspective on lipid discovery and characterization in platelets. Circ Res 2014; 114:1185-203. [PMID: 24677238 PMCID: PMC4021279 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.301597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are diverse families of biomolecules that perform essential structural and signaling roles in platelets. Their formation and metabolism are tightly controlled by enzymes and signal transduction pathways, and their dysregulation leads to significant defects in platelet function and disease. Platelet activation is associated with significant changes to membrane lipids, and formation of diverse bioactive lipids plays essential roles in hemostasis. In recent years, new generation mass spectrometry analysis of lipids (termed lipidomics) has begun to alter our understanding of how these molecules participate in key cellular processes. Although the application of lipidomics to platelet biology is still in its infancy, seminal earlier studies have shaped our knowledge of how lipids regulate key aspects of platelet biology, including aggregation, shape change, coagulation, and degranulation, as well as how lipids generated by platelets influence other cells, such as leukocytes and the vascular wall, and thus how they regulate hemostasis, vascular integrity, and inflammation, as well as contribute to pathologies, including arterial/deep vein thrombosis and atherosclerosis. This review will provide a brief historical perspective on the characterization of lipids in platelets, then an overview of the new generation lipidomic approaches, their recent application to platelet biology, and future perspectives for research in this area. The major platelet-regulatory lipid families, their formation, metabolism, and their role in health and disease, will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie B O'Donnell
- From the Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (V.B.O'D.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora (R.C.M.); and Birmingham Platelet Group, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom (S.P.W.)
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146
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Platelet production proceeds independently of the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3455. [PMID: 24632563 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BH3 mimetic drugs that target BCL-2 family pro-survival proteins to induce tumour cell apoptosis represent a new era in cancer therapy. Clinical trials of navitoclax (ABT-263, which targets BCL-2, BCL-XL and BCL-W) have shown great promise, but encountered dose-limiting thrombocytopenia. Recent work has demonstrated that this is due to the inhibition of BCL-XL, which is essential for platelet survival. These findings raise new questions about the established model of platelet shedding by megakaryocytes, which is thought to be an apoptotic process. Here we generate mice with megakaryocyte-specific deletions of the essential mediators of extrinsic (Caspase-8) and intrinsic (BAK/BAX) apoptosis. We show that megakaryocytes possess a Fas ligand-inducible extrinsic apoptosis pathway. However, Fas activation does not stimulate platelet production, rather, it triggers Caspase-8-mediated killing. Combined loss of Caspase-8/BAK/BAX does not impair thrombopoiesis, but can protect megakaryocytes from death in mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Thus, apoptosis is dispensable for platelet biogenesis.
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147
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Kunzelmann K, Nilius B, Owsianik G, Schreiber R, Ousingsawat J, Sirianant L, Wanitchakool P, Bevers EM, Heemskerk JWM. Molecular functions of anoctamin 6 (TMEM16F): a chloride channel, cation channel, or phospholipid scramblase? Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:407-14. [PMID: 23748496 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Anoctamin 6 (Ano6; TMEM16F gene) is a ubiquitous protein; the expression of which is defective in patients with Scott syndrome, an inherited bleeding disorder based on defective scrambling of plasma membrane phospholipids. For Ano6, quite diverse functions have been described: (1) it can form an outwardly rectifying, Ca(2+)-dependent and a volume-regulated Cl(-) channel; (2) it was claimed to be a Ca(2+)-regulated nonselective cation channel permeable for Ca(2+); (3) it was shown to be essential for Ca(2+)-mediated scrambling of membrane phospholipids; and (4) it can regulate cell blebbing and microparticle shedding. Deficiency of Ano6 in blood cells from Scott patients or Ano6 null mice appears to affect all of these cell responses. Furthermore, Ano6 deficiency in mice impairs the mineralization of osteoblasts, resulting in reduced skeletal development. These diverse results have been obtained under different experimental conditions, which may explain some of the contradictions. This review therefore aims to summarize the currently available information on the diverse roles of Ano6 and tries to clear up some of the existing controversies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kunzelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany,
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148
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Abstract
The role of apoptotic pathways in the development and function of the megakaryocyte lineage has generated renewed interest in recent years. This has been driven by the advent of BH3 mimetic drugs that target BCL2 family proteins to induce apoptosis in tumour cells: agents such as ABT-263 (navitoclax, which targets BCL2, BCL-XL [BCL2L1] and BCL2L2) and ABT-199 (a BCL2-specific agent) are showing great promise in early stage clinical trials. However, the major dose-limiting toxicity of navitoclax has proven to be thrombocytopenia, an on-target effect of inhibiting BCL-XL . It transpires that the anucleate platelet contains a classical intrinsic apoptosis pathway, which at steady state regulates its life span in the circulation. BCL-XL is the critical pro-survival protein that restrains apoptosis and maintains platelet viability. These findings have paved the way to a deeper understanding of apoptotic pathways and processes in platelets, and their precursor cell, the megakaryocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Kile
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Vic., Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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149
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Tang WH, Stitham J, Jin Y, Liu R, Lee SH, Du J, Atteya G, Gleim S, Spollett G, Martin K, Hwa J. Aldose reductase-mediated phosphorylation of p53 leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and damage in diabetic platelets. Circulation 2014; 129:1598-609. [PMID: 24474649 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.005224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet abnormalities are well-recognized complications of diabetes mellitus. Mitochondria play a central role in platelet metabolism and activation. Mitochondrial dysfunction is evident in diabetes mellitus. The molecular pathway for hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in platelets in diabetes mellitus is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Using both human and humanized mouse models, we report that hyperglycemia-induced aldose reductase activation and subsequent reactive oxygen species production lead to increased p53 phosphorylation (Ser15), which promotes mitochondrial dysfunction, damage, and rupture by sequestration of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL. In a glucose dose-dependent manner, severe mitochondrial damage leads to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and platelet apoptosis (cytochrome c release, caspase 3 activation, and phosphatidylserine exposure). Although platelet hyperactivation, mitochondrial dysfunction, aldose reductase activation, reactive oxygen species production, and p53 phosphorylation are all induced by hyperglycemia, we demonstrate that platelet apoptosis and hyperactivation are 2 distinct states that depend on the severity of the hyperglycemia and mitochondrial damage. Combined, both lead to increased thrombus formation in a mouse blood stasis model. CONCLUSIONS Aldose reductase contributes to diabetes-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and damage through the activation of p53. The degree of mitochondrial dysfunction and damage determines whether hyperactivity (mild damage) or apoptosis (severe damage) will ensue. These signaling components provide novel therapeutic targets for thrombotic complications in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Ho Tang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.H.T., J.S., Y.J., R.L., S.H.L., J.D., G.A., S.G., K.M., J.H.) and Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine (G.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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150
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Tersteeg C, Heijnen HF, Eckly A, Pasterkamp G, Urbanus RT, Maas C, Hoefer IE, Nieuwland R, Farndale RW, Gachet C, de Groot PG, Roest M. FLow-induced PRotrusions (FLIPRs): a platelet-derived platform for the retrieval of microparticles by monocytes and neutrophils. Circ Res 2014; 114:780-91. [PMID: 24406984 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.302361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Platelets are the most important cells in the primary prevention of blood loss after injury. In addition, platelets are at the interface between circulating leukocytes and the (sub)endothelium regulating inflammatory responses. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to study the dynamic process that leads to the formation of procoagulant and proinflammatory platelets under physiological flow. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, we describe the formation of extremely long, negatively charged membrane strands that emerge from platelets adhered under flow. These flow-induced protrusions (FLIPRs) are formed in vitro on different physiological substrates and are also detected in vivo in a mouse carotid injury model. FLIPRs are formed downstream the adherent and activated platelets and reach lengths of 250 μm. FLIPR formation is shear-dependent and requires cyclophilin D, calpain, and Rac1 activation. It is accompanied by a disassembly of the F-actin and microtubule organization. Monocytes and neutrophils roll over FLIPRs in a P-selectin/P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1-dependent manner, retrieving fragments of FLIPRs as microparticles on their surface. Consequently, monocytes and neutrophils become activated, as demonstrated by increased CD11b expression and L-selectin shedding. CONCLUSIONS The formation of long platelet membrane extensions, such as the ones presented in our flow model, may pave the way to generate an increased membrane surface for interaction with monocytes and neutrophils. Our study provides a mechanistic model for platelet membrane transfer and the generation of monocyte/neutrophil-microparticle complexes. We propose that the formation of FLIPRs in vivo contributes to the well-established proinflammatory function of platelets and platelet-derived microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tersteeg
- From the Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology (C.T., H.F.H., R.T.U., C.M., P.G.d.G., M.R.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (C.T., G.P., I.E.H.), and Cell Microscopy Center, Department of Cell Biology (H.F.H.), UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; UMR-S949 INSERM, EFS-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.E., C.G.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, AMC Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.N.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.W.F.)
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