101
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Shah M, Bhatia R. Preservation of Quiescent Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Stem Cells by the Bone Marrow Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1100:97-110. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97746-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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102
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Takam Kamga P, Bassi G, Cassaro A, Midolo M, Di Trapani M, Gatti A, Carusone R, Resci F, Perbellini O, Gottardi M, Bonifacio M, Nwabo Kamdje AH, Ambrosetti A, Krampera M. Notch signalling drives bone marrow stromal cell-mediated chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21713-27. [PMID: 26967055 PMCID: PMC5008317 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Both preclinical and clinical investigations suggest that Notch signalling is critical for the development of many cancers and for their response to chemotherapy. We previously showed that Notch inhibition abrogates stromal-induced chemoresistance in lymphoid neoplasms. However, the role of Notch in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its contribution to the crosstalk between leukemia cells and bone marrow stromal cells remain controversial. Thus, we evaluated the role of the Notch pathway in the proliferation, survival and chemoresistance of AML cells in co-culture with bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells expanded from both healthy donors (hBM-MSCs) and AML patients (hBM-MSCs*). As compared to hBM-MSCs, hBM-MSCs* showed higher level of Notch1, Jagged1 as well as the main Notch target gene HES1. Notably, hBM-MSCs* induced expression and activation of Notch signalling in AML cells, supporting AML proliferation and being more efficientin inducing AML chemoresistance than hBM-MSCs*. Pharmacological inhibition of Notch using combinations of Notch receptor-blocking antibodies or gamma-secretase inhibitors (GSIs), in presence of chemotherapeutic agents, significant lowered the supportive effect of hBM-MSCs and hBM-MSCs* towards AML cells, by activating apoptotic cascade and reducing protein level of STAT3, AKT and NF-κB.These results suggest that Notch signalling inhibition, by overcoming the stromal-mediated promotion of chemoresistance,may represent a potential therapeutic targetnot only for lymphoid neoplasms, but also for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Takam Kamga
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulio Bassi
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Adriana Cassaro
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Martina Midolo
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mariano Di Trapani
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gatti
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberta Carusone
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Resci
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Omar Perbellini
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Bonifacio
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Achille Ambrosetti
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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103
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Alshareef A, Gupta N, Zhang HF, Wu C, Haque M, Lai R. High expression of β-catenin contributes to the crizotinib resistant phenotype in the stem-like cell population in neuroblastoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16863. [PMID: 29203817 PMCID: PMC5715105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ALK has been identified as a novel therapeutic target in neuroblastoma (NB), but resistance to ALK inhibitors (such as crizotinib) is well recognized. We recently published that the crizotinib sensitivity in NB cells strongly correlates with the crizotinib—ALK binding, and β-catenin effectively hinders this interaction and confers crizotinib resistance. Here, we asked if these observations hold true for the stem-like cells in NB cells, which were purified based on their responsiveness to a Sox2 reporter. Compared to bulk, reporter unresponsive (RU) cells, reporter responsive (RR) cells had significantly higher neurosphere formation ability, expression of CD133/nestin and chemo-resistance. Using the cellular thermal shift assay, we found that RR cells exhibited significantly weaker crizotinib—ALK binding and higher crizotinib resistance than RU cells. The suboptimal crizotinib—ALK binding in RR cells can be attributed to their high β-catenin expression, since siRNA knockdown of β-catenin restored the crizotinib—ALK binding and lowered the crizotinib resistance to the level of RU cells. Enforced expression of β-catenin in RU cells resulted in the opposite effects. To conclude, high expression of β-catenin in the stem-like NB cells contributes to their crizotinib resistance. Combining β-catenin inhibitors and ALK inhibitors may be useful in treating NB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulraheem Alshareef
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almedinah, P.O. Box 41477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hai-Feng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chengsheng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Moinul Haque
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raymond Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. .,DynaLIFE Medical Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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104
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BCR-ABL1-positive microvesicles malignantly transform human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1475-1485. [PMID: 28836580 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The intercellular communication between leukemia cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) plays more important role in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) than we previously understood. Recently, we found that microvesicles released from human leukemia cell line K562 (K562-MVs) containing BCR-ABL1 mRNA malignantly transformed normal hematopoietic transplants. Here, we investigated whether K562-MVs contribute to the transformation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). We showed that K562-MVs could be integrated into co-cultured normal BM-MSCs and dose-dependently enhanced the proliferation of BM-MSCs. Meanwhile, K562-MVs (400 ng/mL) significantly increased the expression of BCR-ABL1 in these BM-MSCs, accompanied by the enhanced secretion of TGF-β1. These BM-MSCs in turn could trigger the TGF-β1-dependent proliferation of K562 cells. Moreover, we confirmed the presence of BCR-ABL1 in circulating MVs from 11 CML patients. Compared to the normal BM-MSCs, the BM-MSCs from CML patients more effectively increased the BCR-ABL1 expression and TGF-β1 secretion in K562 cells as well as the proliferation of K562 cells. Our findings enrich the mechanisms involved in the interaction between leukemia cells and BM-MSCs and provide novel ways to monitor minimal residual disease and worthwhile approaches to treat CML.
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105
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Mancini M, Soverini S, Gugliotta G, Santucci MA, Rosti G, Cavo M, Martinelli G, Castagnetti F. Chibby 1: a new component of β-catenin-signaling in chronic myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:88244-88250. [PMID: 29152155 PMCID: PMC5675707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chibby 1 (CBY1) is a small and evolutionarily conserved protein, which act as β-catenin antagonist. CBY1 is encoded by C22orf2 (22q13.1) Its antagonistic function on β-catenin involves the direct interaction with: The C-terminal activation domain of β-catenin, which hinders β-catenin binding with Tcf/Lef transcription factors hence repressing β-catenin transcriptional activation. 14-3-3 scaffolding proteins (σ or ξ), which drive CBY1 nuclear export into a stable tripartite complex with β-catenin. The relative proximity of C22orf2 gene encoding for CBY1 to the BCR breakpoint on chromosome 22q11, whose translocation and rearrangement with the c-ABL is the causative event of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), suggested that gene haploinsufficiency may play a role in the disease pathogenesis and progression. We found CBY1 down-modulation associated with the BCR-ABL1, promoted by transcriptional mechanisms (promoter hyper-methylation) and post-transcriptional events, addressing the protein towards proteasome-dependent degradation through SUMOylation. CBY1 reduced expression in clonal progenitors and, more importantly, in leukemic stem cells (LSC), is contingent upon the tyrosine kinase (TK) activity of BCR-ABL1 fusion protein. Accordingly, its induction by Imatinib (IM) and second generation TK inhibitors contributes to β-catenin inactivation through multiple events encompassing the activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy, eventually leading to apoptotic death. These findings support the advantage of combined regimens including drugs targeting DNA epigenetics and/or proteasome to eradicate the BCR-ABL1+ hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Mancini
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES-Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Soverini
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES-Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele Gugliotta
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES-Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Alessandra Santucci
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES-Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianantonio Rosti
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES-Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES-Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES-Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fausto Castagnetti
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES-Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna Medical School, Bologna, Italy
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106
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Perrotti D, Silvestri G, Stramucci L, Yu J, Trotta R. Cellular and Molecular Networks in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: The Leukemic Stem, Progenitor and Stromal Cell Interplay. Curr Drug Targets 2017; 18:377-388. [PMID: 27307150 DOI: 10.2174/1389450117666160615074120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of imatinib, second and third generation ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) (i.e. dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib and ponatinib) made CML a clinically manageable and, in a small percentage of cases, a cured disease. TKI therapy also turned CML blastic transformation into a rare event; however, disease progression still occurs in those patients who are refractory, not compliant with TKI therapy or develop resistance to multiple TKIs. In the past few years, it became clear that the BCRABL1 oncogene does not operate alone to drive disease emergence, maintenance and progression. Indeed, it seems that bone marrow (BM) microenvironment-generated signals and cell autonomous BCRABL1 kinase-independent genetic and epigenetic alterations all contribute to: i. persistence of a quiescent leukemic stem cell (LSC) reservoir, ii. innate or acquired resistance to TKIs, and iii. progression into the fatal blast crisis stage. Herein, we review the intricate leukemic network in which aberrant, but finely tuned, survival, mitogenic and self-renewal signals are generated by leukemic progenitors, stromal cells, immune cells and metabolic microenvironmental conditions (e.g. hypoxia) to promote LSC maintenance and blastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Perrotti
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
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107
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Adhesion to stromal cells mediates imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia through ERK and BMP signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9535. [PMID: 28842696 PMCID: PMC5572702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by abnormal proliferation of myeloid cells which when untreated leads to bone marrow failure. Imatinib mesylate (IM) is the first line of therapy for treatment of CML and results in remission in most cases. However, a significant percentage of patients develop chemoresistance to IM, which might be due to the presence of chemoresistant cells in the bone marrow. In the current study, we explored the role of cell-cell interaction of CML cells with the bone marrow stromal cells in the development of chemoresistance in CML. We found that the stromal cells offered long-term chemoprotection to the CML cells from the apoptotic effect of IM. These stroma interacting CML cells were maintained in a non-proliferative stage and had increased ERK1/2 and SMAD1/8 phosphorylation levels. Prolonged interaction of CML cells with the stromal cells in the presence of IM resulted in the acquisition of stroma-free chemoresistance to IM treatment. However, inhibition of actin cytoskeleton, ERK1/2 and SMAD signaling abrogated the chemoresistance acquisition and sensitized the chemoresistant CML cells to IM induced apoptosis.
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108
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Patel AB, O'Hare T, Deininger MW. Mechanisms of Resistance to ABL Kinase Inhibition in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and the Development of Next Generation ABL Kinase Inhibitors. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2017; 31:589-612. [PMID: 28673390 PMCID: PMC5505321 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia is increasingly viewed as a chronic illness; most patients have a life expectancy close to that of the general population. Despite progress made using BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), drug resistance via BCR-ABL1-dependent and BCR-ABL1-independent mechanisms continues to be an issue. BCR-ABL1-dependent resistance is primarily mediated through oncoprotein kinase domain mutations and usually results in overt resistance to TKIs. However, BCR-ABL1-independent resistance in the setting of effective BCR-ABL1 inhibition is recognized as a major contributor to minimal residual disease. Efforts to eradicate persistent leukemic stem cells have focused on combination therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biological Availability
- Biomarkers
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Discovery
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/chemistry
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Mutation
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami B Patel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Thomas O'Hare
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Michael W Deininger
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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109
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Ali MAM. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in the Era of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: An Evolving Paradigm of Molecularly Targeted Therapy. Mol Diagn Ther 2017; 20:315-33. [PMID: 27220498 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-016-0208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm, characterized by the unrestrained expansion of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells. CML was the first malignancy in which a unique chromosomal abnormality was identified and a pathophysiologic association was suggested. The hallmark of CML is a reciprocal chromosomal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22, t(9; 22)(q34; q11), creating a derivative 9q+ and a shortened 22q-. The latter, known as the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, harbors the breakpoint cluster region-abelson (BCR-ABL) fusion gene, encoding the constitutively active BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase that is necessary and sufficient for initiating CML. The successful implementation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for the treatment of CML remains a flagship for molecularly targeted therapy in cancer. TKIs have changed the clinical course of CML; however, some patients nonetheless demonstrate primary or secondary resistance to such therapy and require an alternative therapeutic strategy. Therefore, the assessment of early response to treatment with TKIs has become an important tool in the clinical monitoring of CML patients. Although mutations in the BCR-ABL have proven to be the most prominent mechanism of resistance to TKIs, other mechanisms-either rendering the leukemic cells still dependent on BCR-ABL activity or supporting oncogenic properties of the leukemic cells independent of BCR-ABL signaling-have been identified. This article provides an overview of the current understanding of CML pathogenesis; recommendations for diagnostic tools, treatment strategies, and management guidelines; and highlights the BCR-ABL-dependent and -independent mechanisms that contribute to the development of resistance to TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A M Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
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110
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Barwe SP, Quagliano A, Gopalakrishnapillai A. Eviction from the sanctuary: Development of targeted therapy against cell adhesion molecules in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Semin Oncol 2017; 44:101-112. [PMID: 28923207 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant hematological disease afflicting hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. While 80%-90% of patients diagnosed with ALL will achieve complete remission at some point during treatment, ALL is associated with high relapse rate, with a 5-year overall survival rate of 68%. The initial remission failure and the high rate of relapse can be attributed to intrinsic chemoprotective mechanisms that allow persistence of ALL cells despite therapy. These mechanisms are mediated, at least in part, through the engagement of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) within the bone marrow microenvironment. This review assembles CAMs implicated in protection of leukemic cells from chemotherapy. Such studies are limited in ALL. Therefore, CAMs that are associated with poor outcomes or are overexpressed in ALL and have been shown to be involved in chemoprotection in other hematological cancers are also included. It is likely that these molecules play parallel roles in ALL because the CAMs identified to be a factor in ALL chemoresistance also work similarly in other hematological malignancies. We review the signaling mechanisms activated by the engagement of CAMs that provide protection from chemotherapy. Development of targeted therapies against CAMs could improve outcome and raise the overall cure rate in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali P Barwe
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE.
| | - Anthony Quagliano
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE
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111
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Nwabo Kamdje AH, Kamga PT, Simo RT, Vecchio L, Seke Etet PF, Muller JM, Bassi G, Lukong E, Goel RK, Amvene JM, Krampera M. Mesenchymal stromal cells' role in tumor microenvironment: involvement of signaling pathways. Cancer Biol Med 2017; 14:129-141. [PMID: 28607804 PMCID: PMC5444925 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent stem cells residing as pericytes in various tissues and organs where they can differentiate into specialized cells to replace dying cells and damaged tissues. These cells are commonly found at injury sites and in tumors that are known to behave like " wounds that do not heal." In this article, we discuss the mechanisms of MSCs in migrating, homing, and repairing injured tissues. We also review a number of reports showing that tumor microenvironment triggers plasticity mechanisms in MSCs to induce malignant neoplastic tissue formation, maintenance, and chemoresistance, as well as tumor growth. The antitumor properties and therapeutic potential of MSCs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Takam Kamga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Richard Tagne Simo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Lorella Vecchio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | | | - Jean Marc Muller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Giulio Bassi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Erique Lukong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Raghuveera Kumar Goel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Jeremie Mbo Amvene
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
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112
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Aponte PM, Caicedo A. Stemness in Cancer: Stem Cells, Cancer Stem Cells, and Their Microenvironment. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:5619472. [PMID: 28473858 PMCID: PMC5394399 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5619472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stemness combines the ability of a cell to perpetuate its lineage, to give rise to differentiated cells, and to interact with its environment to maintain a balance between quiescence, proliferation, and regeneration. While adult Stem Cells display these properties when participating in tissue homeostasis, Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) behave as their malignant equivalents. CSCs display stemness in various circumstances, including the sustaining of cancer progression, and the interaction with their environment in search for key survival factors. As a result, CSCs can recurrently persist after therapy. In order to understand how the concept of stemness applies to cancer, this review will explore properties shared between normal and malignant Stem Cells. First, we provide an overview of properties of normal adult Stem Cells. We thereafter elaborate on how these features operate in CSCs. We then review the organization of microenvironment components, which enables CSCs hosting. We subsequently discuss Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs), which, although their stemness properties are limited, represent essential components of the Stem Cell niche and tumor microenvironment. We next provide insights of the therapeutic strategies targeting Stem Cell properties in tumors and the use of state-of-the-art techniques in future research. Increasing our knowledge of the CSCs microenvironment is key to identifying new therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M. Aponte
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), 170901 Quito, Ecuador
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), 170901 Quito, Ecuador
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Caicedo
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), 170901 Quito, Ecuador
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), 170901 Quito, Ecuador
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113
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Liu X, Rothe K, Yen R, Fruhstorfer C, Maetzig T, Chen M, Forrest DL, Humphries RK, Jiang X. A novel AHI-1-BCR-ABL-DNM2 complex regulates leukemic properties of primitive CML cells through enhanced cellular endocytosis and ROS-mediated autophagy. Leukemia 2017; 31:2376-2387. [PMID: 28366933 PMCID: PMC5668499 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapies induce clinical remission with remarkable effects on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, very few TKIs completely eradicate the leukemic clone and persistence of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) remains challenging, warranting new, distinct targets for improved treatments. We demonstrated that the scaffold protein AHI-1 is highly deregulated in LSCs and interacts with multiple proteins, including Dynamin-2 (DNM2), to mediate TKI-resistance of LSCs. We have now demonstrated that the SH3 domain of AHI-1 and the proline rich domain of DNM2 are mainly responsible for this interaction. DNM2 expression was significantly increased in CML stem/progenitor cells; knockdown of DNM2 greatly impaired their survival and sensitized them to TKI treatments. Importantly, a new AHI-1-BCR-ABL-DNM2 protein complex was uncovered, which regulates leukemic properties of these cells through a unique mechanism of cellular endocytosis and ROS-mediated autophagy. Thus, targeting this complex may facilitate eradication of LSCs for curative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - K Rothe
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R Yen
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Fruhstorfer
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - T Maetzig
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Chen
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D L Forrest
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Leukemia/BMT Program of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R K Humphries
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - X Jiang
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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114
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Zhou H, Mak PY, Mu H, Mak DH, Zeng Z, Cortes J, Liu Q, Andreeff M, Carter BZ. Combined inhibition of β-catenin and Bcr-Abl synergistically targets tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant blast crisis chronic myeloid leukemia blasts and progenitors in vitro and in vivo. Leukemia 2017; 31:2065-2074. [PMID: 28321124 PMCID: PMC5628102 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance and progression to blast crisis (BC), both related to persistent β-catenin activation, remain formidable challenges for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We observed overexpression of β-catenin in BC-CML stem/progenitor cells, particularly in granulocyte–macrophage progenitors, and highest among a novel CD34+CD38+CD123hiTim-3hi subset as determined by CyTOF analysis. Co-culture with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) induced the expression of β-catenin and its target CD44 in CML cells. A novel Wnt/β-catenin signaling modulator, C82, and nilotinib synergistically killed KBM5T315I and TKI-resistant primary BC-CML cells with or without BCR–ABL kinase mutations even under leukemia/MSC co-culture conditions. Silencing of β-catenin by short interfering RNA restored sensitivity of primary BCR–ABLT315I/E255V BC-CML cells to nilotinib. Combining the C82 pro-drug, PRI-724, with nilotinib significantly prolonged the survival of NOD/SCID/IL2Rγ null mice injected with primary BCR–ABLT315I/E255V BC-CML cells. The combined treatment selectively targeted CML progenitors and inhibited CD44, c-Myc, survivin, p-CRKL and p-STAT5 expression. In addition, pretreating primary BC-CML cells with C82, or the combination, but not with nilotinib alone, significantly impaired their engraftment potential in NOD/SCID/IL2Rγ-null-3/GM/SF mice and significantly prolonged survival. Our data suggest potential benefit of concomitant β-catenin and Bcr–Abl inhibition to prevent or overcome Bcr–Abl kinase-dependent or -independent TKI resistance in BC-CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhou
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - P Y Mak
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Mu
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D H Mak
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Z Zeng
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Q Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B Z Carter
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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115
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Horne GA, Copland M. Approaches for targeting self-renewal pathways in cancer stem cells: implications for hematological treatments. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:465-474. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1303477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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116
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Liang SM, Lu YJ, Ko BS, Jan YJ, Shyue SK, Yet SF, Liou JY. Cordycepin disrupts leukemia association with mesenchymal stromal cells and eliminates leukemia stem cell activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43930. [PMID: 28266575 PMCID: PMC5339716 DOI: 10.1038/srep43930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining stemness of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and reciprocal interactions between leukemia and stromal cells support leukemic progression and resistance to chemotherapy. Targeting the niche-based microenvironment is thus a new approach for leukemia therapy. Cordycepin is an analogue of adenosine and has been suggested to possess anti-leukemia properties. However, whether cordycepin influences association of leukemia and mesenchymal stromal cells has never been investigated. Here we show that cordycepin reduces CD34+CD38− cells in U937 and K562 cells and induces Dkk1 expression via autocrine and paracrine regulation in leukemia and mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs). Cordycepin suppresses cell attachment of leukemia with MSCs and downregulates N-cadherin in leukemia and VCAM-1 in MSCs. Moreover, incubation with leukemic conditioned media (CM) significantly induces IL-8 and IL-6 expression in MSCs, which is abrogated by cordycepin. Suppression of leukemic CM-induced VCAM-1 and IL-8 by cordycepin in MSCs is mediated by impairing NFκB signaling. Finally, cordycepin combined with an adenosine deaminase inhibitor prolongs survival in a leukemic mouse model. Our results indicate that cordycepin is a potential anti-leukemia therapeutic adjuvant via eliminating LSCs and disrupting leukemia-stromal association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Man Liang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jhu Lu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Sheng Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Jee Jan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Song-Kun Shyue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shaw-Fang Yet
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yang Liou
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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117
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Phenotypic and Functional Alterations of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in an In Vitro Leukemia-Induced Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020199. [PMID: 28216566 PMCID: PMC5343770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the cell interactions occurring in the leukemic microenvironment and their functional consequences for the different cell players has therapeutic relevance. By co-culturing mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) with the REH acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cell line, we have established an in vitro leukemic niche for the functional evaluation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC, CD34+ cells). We showed that the normal homeostatic control exerted by the MSC over the HSPC is considerably lost in this leukemic microenvironment: HSPC increased their proliferation rate and adhesion to MSC. The adhesion molecules CD54 and CD44 were consequently upregulated in HSPC from the leukemic niche. Consequently, with this adhesive phenotype, HSPC showed less Stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1)-directed migration. Interestingly, multipotency was severely affected with an important reduction in the absolute count and the percentage of primitive progenitor colonies. It was possible to simulate most of these HSPC alterations by incubation of MSC with a REH-conditioned medium, suggesting that REH soluble factors and their effect on MSC are important for the observed changes. Of note, these HSPC alterations were reproduced when primary leukemic cells from an ALL type B (ALL-B) patient were used to set up the leukemic niche. These results suggest that a general response is induced in the leukemic niche to the detriment of HSPC function and in favor of leukemic cell support. This in vitro leukemic niche could be a valuable tool for the understanding of the molecular events responsible for HSPC functional failure and a useful scenario for therapeutic evaluation.
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118
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Schjerven H, Ayongaba EF, Aghajanirefah A, McLaughlin J, Cheng D, Geng H, Boyd JR, Eggesbø LM, Lindeman I, Heath JL, Park E, Witte ON, Smale ST, Frietze S, Müschen M. Genetic analysis of Ikaros target genes and tumor suppressor function in BCR-ABL1 + pre-B ALL. J Exp Med 2017; 214:793-814. [PMID: 28190001 PMCID: PMC5339667 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Schjerven et al. compare mouse and human models of pre–B ALL to define conserved target genes and pathways of the tumor suppressor Ikaros, revealing CTNND1 and the early hematopoietic cell-surface receptors SPN (CD43) and CD34 as novel Ikaros targets that each confer oncogenic growth advantage. Inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene encoding the transcriptional regulator Ikaros (IKZF1) is a hallmark of BCR-ABL1+ precursor B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pre–B ALL). However, the mechanisms by which Ikaros functions as a tumor suppressor in pre–B ALL remain poorly understood. Here, we analyzed a mouse model of BCR-ABL1+ pre–B ALL together with a new model of inducible expression of wild-type Ikaros in IKZF1 mutant human BCR-ABL1+ pre–B ALL. We performed integrated genome-wide chromatin and expression analyses and identified Ikaros target genes in mouse and human BCR-ABL1+ pre–B ALL, revealing novel conserved gene pathways associated with Ikaros tumor suppressor function. Notably, genetic depletion of different Ikaros targets, including CTNND1 and the early hematopoietic cell surface marker CD34, resulted in reduced leukemic growth. Our results suggest that Ikaros mediates tumor suppressor function by enforcing proper developmental stage–specific expression of multiple genes through chromatin compaction at its target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Schjerven
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Etapong F Ayongaba
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ali Aghajanirefah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Jami McLaughlin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Donghui Cheng
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Huimin Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Joseph R Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Linn M Eggesbø
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Lindeman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jessica L Heath
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Eugene Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Owen N Witte
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Stephen T Smale
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Seth Frietze
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Radiation Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Markus Müschen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Pasadena, CA 91016
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119
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Zhang C, Zhang X, Yang SJ, Chen XH. Growth of tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Role of bone marrow stromal cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2059-2070. [PMID: 28454362 PMCID: PMC5403224 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) may contribute to the growth of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). However, there are certain differences in biology between CML and Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL). Little is known about the role and mechanism of hBMSCs on the growth of TKI-resistant Ph+ ALL. The current study co-cultured hBMSCs with the TKI-resistant SUP-B15. Next, the proliferation of SUP-B15 was detected using a Cell Counting Kit-8. Additionally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry were used to detect the expression of the associated genes and proteins. The present study explores the role and mechanism of hBMSCs on the growth of TKI-resistant Ph+ ALL. The current study showed that hBMSCs promoted the proliferation of TKI-resistant Ph+ ALL. This was shown by the increase in cells in the S+G2-M phase of the cell cycle. It was also found that the expression of cyclins A, C, D1 and E was increased. Apoptosis was inhibited through upregulation of anti-apoptotic genes [B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) and BCL-extra large] and downregulation of apoptotic genes (BCL-XS, BCL-2-associated X protein, and caspases 3, 7 and 9). Expression of the breakpoint cluster region (BCR)-Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (ABL) gene, Wnt5a, and Wnt signaling pathway-associated genes (glycogen synthase kinase-3β, β-catenin, E-cadherin and phosphoinositide 3-kinase) and transcription factors (c-myc, ephrin type-B2, fibroblast growth factor 20 and matrix metalloproteinase 7) was also increased. Furthermore, the expression of drug resistance genes (low-density lipoprotein receptor, multidrug resistance-associated protein and multi-drug resistance gene) was increased and the expression of anti-oncogenes (death-associated protein kinase and interferon regulatory factor-1) was decreased. It was concluded that hBMSCs promote the growth of TKI-resistant Ph+ ALL by these aforementioned mechanisms. Therefore, targeting hBMSCs may be a promising approach for preventing the growth of TKI-resistant Ph+ ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Jie Yang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Hua Chen
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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120
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The chronic myeloid leukemia stem cell: stemming the tide of persistence. Blood 2017; 129:1595-1606. [PMID: 28159740 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-696013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is caused by the acquisition of the tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL1 in a hemopoietic stem cell, transforming it into a leukemic stem cell (LSC) that self-renews, proliferates, and differentiates to give rise to a myeloproliferative disease. Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target the kinase activity of BCR-ABL1 have transformed CML from a once-fatal disease to a manageable one for the vast majority of patients, only ∼10% of those who present in chronic phase (CP) can discontinue TKI treatment and maintain a therapy-free remission. Strong evidence now shows that CML LSCs are resistant to the effects of TKIs and persist in all patients on long-term therapy, where they may promote acquired TKI resistance, drive relapse or disease progression, and inevitably represent a bottleneck to cure. Since their discovery in patients almost 2 decades ago, CML LSCs have become a well-recognized exemplar of the cancer stem cell and have been characterized extensively, with the aim of developing new curative therapeutic approaches based on LSC eradication. This review summarizes our current understanding of many of the pathways and mechanisms that promote the survival of the CP CML LSCs and how they can be a source of new gene coding mutations that impact in the clinic. We also review recent preclinical approaches that show promise to eradicate the LSC, and future challenges on the path to cure.
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121
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Abstract
Inspite of effective treatment with imatinib (IM), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is still an incurable disease. Some patients became refractory because of IM resistance. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been implicated a role in promoting CML cells' resistance against IM treatment. The detailed molecular mechanisms, however, remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that BMSCs increased the expression of FZD7 and activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in CML cells. BMSCs from CML patients showed increased efficiency to accelerate CML cell proliferation, enhance the drug resistance of K562 cells and up-regulate the expression of FZD7. Antagonism of FZD7 expression by shRNA significantly suppressed proliferation and increased IM sensitivity of CML cells co-cultured with BMSCs cells. Our findings suggest that FZD7, involved in canonical Wnt signaling pathway, plays a critical role in mediating BMSCs-dependent protection of CML cells, and potentially provide a novel therapeutic target for CML.
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122
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123
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Wang A, Qu L, Wang L. At the crossroads of cancer stem cells and targeted therapy resistance. Cancer Lett 2017; 385:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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124
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Enhanced targeting of CML stem and progenitor cells by inhibition of porcupine acyltransferase in combination with TKI. Blood 2016; 129:1008-1020. [PMID: 28011678 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-05-714089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has limited efficacy against leukemia stem cells (LSC) responsible for disease propagation, and most CML patients require continued TKI treatment to maintain remission. LSC maintenance is related, at least in part, to signals from the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM). Our previous studies have shown that Wnt signaling from the BMM contributes to preservation of CML LSC following TKI treatment. Secretion of Wnt ligands requires their modification by the O-acyl transferase Porcupine (PORCN). Here we investigated the activity of a potent and selective PORCN inhibitor, WNT974, against CML stem and progenitor cells. WNT974 efficiently antagonized Wnt signaling in human CML CD34+ cells, and in combination with the TKI nilotinib (NIL) significantly enhanced inhibition of proliferation and colony-forming potential of CML stem and progenitor cells and reduced their growth in immunodeficient mice in vivo, in comparison with NIL alone. Treatment of transgenic CML mice in vivo with NIL in combination with WNT974 significantly reduced leukemic stem and progenitor cell numbers, reduced regeneration of leukemic long-term hematopoietic stem cells in secondary transplant recipients, and enhanced survival of mice after discontinuation of treatment, in comparison with NIL alone. CML progenitors demonstrated enhanced sensitivity to Wnt stimulation, associated with increased expression of the FZD4 receptor. FZD4 knockdown inhibited CML progenitor growth. These results support further investigation of PORCN targeting to inhibit Wnt secretion and signaling and enhance targeting of CML stem cells while sparing their normal counterparts.
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125
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Manachai N, Saito Y, Nakahata S, Bahirvani AG, Osato M, Morishita K. Activation of EVI1 transcription by the LEF1/β-catenin complex with p53-alteration in myeloid blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:994-1000. [PMID: 27908728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a BCR-ABL1 fusion gene is necessary for the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) through t(9;22)(q34;q11) translocation. Imatinib, an ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is dramatically effective in CML patients; however, 30% of CML patients will need further treatment due to progression of CML to blast crisis (BC). Aberrant high expression of ecotropic viral integration site 1 (EVI1) is frequently observed in CML during myeloid-BC as a potent driver with a CML stem cell signature; however, the precise molecular mechanism of EVI1 transcriptional regulation during CML progression is poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate the transcriptional activity of EVI1 is dependent on activation of lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1)/β-catenin complex by BCR-ABL with loss of p53 function during CML-BC. The activation of β-catenin is partly dependent on BCR-ABL expression through enhanced GSK3β phosphorylation, and EVI1 expression is directly enhanced by the LEF1/β-catenin complex bound to the EVI1 promoter region. Moreover, the loss of p53 expression is inversely correlated with high expression of EVI1 in CML leukemia cells with an aggressive phase of CML, and a portion of the activation mechanism of EVI1 expression is dependent on β-catenin activation through GSK3β phosphorylation by loss of p53. Therefore, we found that the EVI1 activation in CML-BC is dependent on LEF1/β-catenin activation by BCR-ABL expression with loss of p53 function, representing a novel selective therapeutic approach targeting myeloid blast crisis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawin Manachai
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saito
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakahata
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Motomi Osato
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kazuhiro Morishita
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan.
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126
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Abstract
Research in the last few years has revealed a sophisticated interaction network between multiple bone marrow cells that regulate different hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) properties such as proliferation, differentiation, localization, and self-renewal during homeostasis. These mechanisms are essential to keep the physiological HSC numbers in check and interfere with malignant progression. In addition to the identification of multiple mutations and chromosomal aberrations driving the progression of myeloid malignancies, alterations in the niche compartment recently gained attention for contributing to disease progression. Leukemic cells can remodel the niche into a permissive environment favoring leukemic stem cell expansion over normal HSC maintenance, and evidence is accumulating that certain niche alterations can even induce leukemic transformation. Relapse after chemotherapy is still a major challenge during treatment of myeloid malignancies, and cure is only rarely achieved. Recent progress in understanding the niche-imposed chemoresistance mechanisms will likely contribute to the improvement of current therapeutic strategies. This article discusses the role of different niche cells and their stage- and disease-specific roles during progression of myeloid malignancies and in response to chemotherapy.
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127
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Heterogeneity of Cancer Stem Cells: Rationale for Targeting the Stem Cell Niche. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:276-289. [PMID: 27751894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Malignancy is fuelled by distinct subsets of stem-like cells which persist under treatment and provoke drug-resistant recurrence. Eradication of these cancer stem cells has therefore become a prime objective for the development and design of novel classes of anti-cancer therapeutics with improved clinical efficacy. Here, we portray potentially clinically-relevant hallmarks of cancer stem cells and focus on their recently appreciated properties of cell variability and plasticity, both of which make them elusive targets for cancer therapies. We reason that this 'disguise in heterogeneity' has fundamental implications for clinical management and elaborate on rational strategies to combat this diversity and target a broad range of tumorigenic cells. We propose exploitation of cancer stem cell niche dependence as a promising approach to interfere with various, rather than few, cancer stem cell subsets and suggest cancer-associated fibroblasts as a prime microenvironmental target for tumor stemness-depleting intervention.
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128
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Levesque JP, Winkler IG. Cell Adhesion Molecules in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis: from Bench to Bedside. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-016-0066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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129
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Liu Z, Li Y, Lv C, Wang L, Song H. Anthelmintic drug niclosamide enhances the sensitivity of chronic myeloid leukemia cells to dasatinib through inhibiting Erk/Mnk1/eIF4E pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:893-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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130
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Aberrant Wnt Signaling in Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8090078. [PMID: 27571104 PMCID: PMC5040980 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8090078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is essential in the development and homeostasis of blood and immune cells, but its exact role is still controversial and is the subject of intense research. The malignant counterpart of normal hematopoietic cells, leukemic (stem) cells, have hijacked the Wnt pathway for their self-renewal and proliferation. Here we review the multiple ways dysregulated Wnt signaling can contribute to leukemogenesis, both cell autonomously as well as by changes in the microenvironment.
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131
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Modeling of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: An Overview of In Vivo Murine and Human Xenograft Models. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:1625015. [PMID: 27642303 PMCID: PMC5014953 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1625015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past years, a wide variety of in vivo mouse models have been generated in order to unravel the molecular pathology of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) and to develop and improve therapeutic approaches. These models range from (conditional) transgenic models, knock-in models, and murine bone marrow retroviral transduction models followed by transplantation. With the advancement of immunodeficient xenograft models, it has become possible to use human stem/progenitor cells for in vivo studies as well as cells directly derived from CML patients. These models not only mimic CML but also have been instrumental in uncovering various fundamental mechanisms of CML disease progression and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance. With the availability of iPSC technology, it has become feasible to derive, maintain, and expand CML subclones that are at least genetically identical to those in patients. The following review provides an overview of all murine as well as human xenograft models for CML established till date.
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Carter BZ, Mak PY, Mak DH, Ruvolo VR, Schober W, McQueen T, Cortes J, Kantarjian HM, Champlin RE, Konopleva M, Andreeff M. Synergistic effects of p53 activation via MDM2 inhibition in combination with inhibition of Bcl-2 or Bcr-Abl in CD34+ proliferating and quiescent chronic myeloid leukemia blast crisis cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:30487-99. [PMID: 26431162 PMCID: PMC4741546 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase regulates several Bcl-2 family proteins that confer resistance to apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. Given p53's ability to modulate the expression and activity of Bcl-2 family members, we hypothesized that targeting Bcr-Abl, Bcl-2, and p53 concomitantly could have therapeutic benefits in blast crisis (BC) CML and in quiescent CML CD34+ cells that are insensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). We examined the effects of the MDM2 inhibitor nutlin3a and its combination with the dual Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL inhibitor ABT-737, and the Bcr-Abl inhibitor nilotinib on BC CML patient samples. We found that in quiescent CD34+ progenitors, p53 expression is significantly lower, and MDM2 is higher, compared to their proliferating counterparts. Treatment with nutlin3a induced apoptosis in bulk and CD34+CD38- cells, and in both proliferating and quiescent CD34+ progenitor CML cells. Nutlin3a synergized with ABT-737 and nilotinib, in part by inducing pro-apoptotic, and suppressing anti-apoptotic, Bcl-2 proteins. Nilotinib inhibited the expression of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 in BC CML cells. These results demonstrate that p53 activation by MDM2 blockade can sensitize BC CML cells, including quiescent CD34+ cells, to Bcl-2 inhibitor- and TKI-induced apoptosis. This novel strategy could be useful in the therapy of BC CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Z Carter
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Po Yee Mak
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Duncan H Mak
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vivian R Ruvolo
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wendy Schober
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Teresa McQueen
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jorge Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hagop M Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard E Champlin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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A NOX2/Egr-1/Fyn pathway delineates new targets for TKI-resistant malignancies. Oncotarget 2016; 6:23631-46. [PMID: 26136341 PMCID: PMC4695141 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have improved CML response rates, and some are effective against resistance-promoting point mutations in BCR-ABL1. However, in the absence of point mutations, resistance still occurs. Here, we identify a novel pathway mediating resistance which connects p47phox, the organizer subunit of NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2), with early growth response-1 (Egr-1) and the Src family kinase Fyn. We found up-regulation of p47phox, Egr-1, and Fyn mRNA and protein using paired isogenic CML cell lines and mined data. Isolation of CD34+ cells and tissue microarray staining from blast crisis CML patients confirmed in vivo over-expression of components of this pathway. Knockdown studies revealed that p47phox modulated reactive oxygen species and Egr-1 expression, which, in turn, controlled Fyn expression. Interestingly, Fyn knockdown sensitized TKI-resistant cells to dasatinib, a dual BCR-ABL1/Src inhibitor. Egr-1 knockdown had similar effects, indicating the utility of targeting Fyn expression over activation. Pointedly, p47phox knockdown also restored TKI-sensitivity, indicating that targeting the NOX2 complex can overcome resistance. The NOX2/Egr-1/Fyn pathway was also conserved within TKI-resistant EGFRΔIII-expressing glioblastoma and patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells. Thus, our findings suggest that targeting the NOX2/Egr-1/Fyn pathway may have clinical implications within multiple cancer types; particularly where efficacy of TKI is compromised.
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Krause DS, Scadden DT. A hostel for the hostile: the bone marrow niche in hematologic neoplasms. Haematologica 2016; 100:1376-87. [PMID: 26521296 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.113852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the biology of the normal hematopoietic stem cell niche has increased steadily due to improved murine models and sophisticated imaging tools. Less well understood, but of growing interest, is the interaction between cells in the bone marrow during the initiation, maintenance and treatment of hematologic neoplasms. This review summarizes the emerging concepts of the normal and leukemic hematopoietic bone marrow niche. Furthermore, it reviews current models of how the microenvironment of the bone marrow may contribute to or be modified by leukemogenesis. Finally, it provides the rationale for a "two-pronged" approach, directly targeting cancer cells themselves while also targeting the bone microenvironment to make it inhospitable to malignant cells and, ultimately, eradicating cancer stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S Krause
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David T Scadden
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
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135
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Moses BS, Evans R, Slone WL, Piktel D, Martinez I, Craig MD, Gibson LF. Bone Marrow Microenvironment Niche Regulates miR-221/222 in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:909-919. [PMID: 27358112 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has many features in common with normal B-cell progenitors, including their ability to respond to diverse signals from the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) resulting in regulation of cell-cycle progression and survival. Bone marrow-derived cues influence many elements of both steady state hematopoiesis and hematopoietic tumor cell phenotypes through modulation of gene expression. miRNAs are one regulatory class of small noncoding RNAs that have been shown to be increasingly important in diverse settings of malignancy. In the current study, miRNA profiles were globally altered in ALL cells following exposure to primary human bone marrow niche cells, including bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and primary human osteoblasts (HOB). Specifically, mature miR-221 and miR-222 transcripts were decreased in ALL cells cocultured with BMSC or HOB, coincident with increased p27 (CDKN1B), a previously validated target. Increased p27 protein in ALL cells exposed to BMSC or HOB is consistent with accumulation of tumor cells in the G0 phase of the cell cycle and resistance to chemotherapy-induced death. Overexpression of miR-221 in ALL cells during BMSC or HOB coculture prompted cell-cycle progression and sensitization of ALL cells to cytotoxic agents, blunting the protective influence of the BMM. These novel observations indicate that BMM regulation of miR-221/222 contributes to marrow niche-supported tumor cell quiescence and survival of residual cells. IMPLICATIONS Niche-influenced miR-221/222 may define a novel therapeutic target in ALL to be combined with existing cytotoxic agents to more effectively eradicate refractory disease that contributes to relapse. Mol Cancer Res; 14(10); 909-19. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake S Moses
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Rebecca Evans
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - William L Slone
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Debbie Piktel
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ivan Martinez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Michael D Craig
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Laura F Gibson
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia. Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.
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136
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Xu J, Wu W, Shen W, Liu P. The clinical significance of γ-catenin in acute myeloid leukemia. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3861-71. [PMID: 27390526 PMCID: PMC4930232 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s105514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of γ-catenin may function as an oncogenic factor in various malignancies. We investigated γ-catenin expression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and explored its role in the pathogenesis of AML. γ-Catenin was significantly overexpressed in AML patients compared to healthy donors. The γ-catenin expression in AML patients with lower white blood cells (<30×109/L) was significantly higher than those with higher white blood cells (≥30×109/L). The expression levels of γ-catenin in AML patients with mutated CEBPα were significantly higher than those with unmutated CEBPα. AML patients with lower γ-catenin levels were more likely to achieve complete remission compared with patients who have higher γ-catenin levels. In K562 cells, γ-catenin knockdown suppressed cellular proliferation, while the cellular migration was greatly enhanced. Moreover, knocking down of γ-catenin enhanced the cytotoxicity of decitabine in K562 cells. Our investigation has indicated a potential role of γ-catenin in the pathogenesis of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadai Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
| | - Wenyi Shen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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137
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N-cadherin is Key to Expression of the Nucleus Pulposus Cell Phenotype under Selective Substrate Culture Conditions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28038. [PMID: 27292569 PMCID: PMC4904275 DOI: 10.1038/srep28038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells of the intervertebral disc are essential for synthesizing extracellular matrix that contributes to disc health and mechanical function. NP cells have a unique morphology and molecular expression pattern derived from their notochordal origin, and reside in N-cadherin (CDH2) positive cell clusters in vivo. With disc degeneration, NP cells undergo morphologic and phenotypic changes including loss of CDH2 expression and ability to form cell clusters. Here, we investigate the role of CDH2 positive cell clusters in preserving healthy, biosynthetically active NP cells. Using a laminin-functionalized hydrogel system designed to mimic features of the native NP microenvironment, we demonstrate NP cell phenotype and morphology is preserved only when NP cells form CDH2 positive cell clusters. Knockdown (CRISPRi) or blocking CDH2 expression in vitro and in vivo results in loss of a healthy NP cell. Findings also reveal that degenerate human NP cells that are CDH2 negative can be promoted to re-express CDH2 and healthy, juvenile NP matrix synthesis patterns by promoting cell clustering for controlled microenvironment conditions. This work also identifies CDH2 interactions with β-catenin-regulated signaling as one mechanism by which CDH2-mediated cell interactions can control NP cell phenotype and biosynthesis towards maintenance of healthy intervertebral disc tissues.
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138
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High IL-7 levels in the bone marrow microenvironment mediate imatinib resistance and predict disease progression in chronic myeloid leukemia. Int J Hematol 2016; 104:358-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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139
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Uchakina ON, Ban H, Hostetler BJ, McKallip RJ. Inhibition of hyaluronic acid formation sensitizes chronic myelogenous leukemia to treatment with doxorubicin. Glycobiology 2016; 26:1171-1179. [PMID: 27261196 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study we examined the ability of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), which can inhibit hyaluronic acid synthesis, to sensitize K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells to doxorubicin therapy. Exposure of K562 cells to doxorubicin led to increased hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS) gene expression and increased levels of cell surface hyaluronic acid. Furthermore, exposure of K562 cells to exogenous HA caused resistance to doxorubicin-induced cell death. The combination of low dose 4-MU and doxorubicin led to increased apoptosis when compared to higher doses of any agent alone. Additionally, treatment with 4-MU led to a significant reduction in doxorubicin-induced increase in HA cell surface expression. Mechanistically, 4-MU treatment led to an increase in p38 activation and PARP cleavage. The role of p38 in 4-MU/doxorubicin-treated K562 cells was confirmed when p38 inhibitors led to protection from 4-MU/doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Together, results from this study suggest that treatment with 4-MU increases the sensitivity of CML to chemotherapeutics by decreasing their HA-mediated resistance to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga N Uchakina
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1550 College St, Macon, GA 31207, USA
| | - Hao Ban
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1550 College St, Macon, GA 31207, USA
| | - Bryan J Hostetler
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1550 College St, Macon, GA 31207, USA
| | - Robert J McKallip
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1550 College St, Macon, GA 31207, USA
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140
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Riether C, Schürch CM, Flury C, Hinterbrandner M, Drück L, Huguenin AL, Baerlocher GM, Radpour R, Ochsenbein AF. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor-induced CD70 expression mediates drug resistance in leukemia stem cells by activating Wnt signaling. Sci Transl Med 2016. [PMID: 26223302 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aab1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), oncogenic BCR-ABL1 activates the Wnt pathway, which is fundamental for leukemia stem cell (LSC) maintenance. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment reduces Wnt signaling in LSCs and often results in molecular remission of CML; however, LSCs persist long term despite BCR-ABL1 inhibition, ultimately causing disease relapse. We demonstrate that TKIs induce the expression of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family ligand CD70 in LSCs by down-regulating microRNA-29, resulting in reduced CD70 promoter DNA methylation and up-regulation of the transcription factor specificity protein 1. The resulting increase in CD70 triggered CD27 signaling and compensatory Wnt pathway activation. Combining TKIs with CD70 blockade effectively eliminated human CD34(+) CML stem/progenitor cells in xenografts and LSCs in a murine CML model. Therefore, targeting TKI-induced expression of CD70 and compensatory Wnt signaling resulting from the CD70/CD27 interaction is a promising approach to overcoming treatment resistance in CML LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Riether
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Schürch
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Flury
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Hinterbrandner
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Linda Drück
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Laure Huguenin
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela M Baerlocher
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. Department of Hematology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ramin Radpour
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian F Ochsenbein
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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141
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Cherian J, Nacro K, Poh ZY, Guo S, Jeyaraj DA, Wong YX, Ho M, Yang HY, Joy JK, Kwek ZP, Liu B, Wee JLK, Ong EHQ, Choong ML, Poulsen A, Lee MA, Pendharkar V, Ding LJ, Manoharan V, Chew YS, Sangthongpitag K, Lim S, Ong ST, Hill J, Keller TH. Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Interacting Kinase (MNK) 1 and 2 and BCR-ABL1 Inhibitors Targeting Chronic Myeloid Leukemic Cells. J Med Chem 2016; 59:3063-78. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Cherian
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, 13 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669
| | - Kassoum Nacro
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, 13 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669
| | - Zhi Ying Poh
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, 13 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669
| | - Samantha Guo
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, 13 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669
| | | | - Yun Xuan Wong
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, 13 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669
| | - Melvyn Ho
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, 13 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669
| | - Hai Yan Yang
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, 13 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669
| | - Joma Kanikadu Joy
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, 13 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669
| | - Zekui Perlyn Kwek
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, 13 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669
| | - Boping Liu
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, 13 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669
| | | | - Esther HQ Ong
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, 13 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669
| | - Meng Ling Choong
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, 13 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669
| | - Anders Poulsen
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, 13 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669
| | - May Ann Lee
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, 13 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669
| | - Vishal Pendharkar
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, 13 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669
| | - Li Jun Ding
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, 13 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669
| | - Vithya Manoharan
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, 13 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669
| | - Yun Shan Chew
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, 13 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669
| | | | - Sharon Lim
- Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, Singapore 169857
| | - S. Tiong Ong
- Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, Singapore 169857
| | - Jeffrey Hill
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, 13 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669
| | - Thomas H. Keller
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, 13 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669
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142
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Pineda G, Lennon KM, Delos Santos NP, Lambert-Fliszar F, Riso GL, Lazzari E, Marra MA, Morris S, Sakaue-Sawano A, Miyawaki A, Jamieson CHM. Tracking of Normal and Malignant Progenitor Cell Cycle Transit in a Defined Niche. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23885. [PMID: 27041210 PMCID: PMC4819192 DOI: 10.1038/srep23885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While implicated in therapeutic resistance, malignant progenitor cell cycle kinetics have been difficult to quantify in real-time. We developed an efficient lentiviral bicistronic fluorescent, ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator reporter (Fucci2BL) to image live single progenitors on a defined niche coupled with cell cycle gene expression analysis. We have identified key differences in cell cycle regulatory gene expression and transit times between normal and chronic myeloid leukemia progenitors that may inform cancer stem cell eradication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Pineda
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
| | - Kathleen M Lennon
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
| | - Nathaniel P Delos Santos
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
| | - Florence Lambert-Fliszar
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
| | - Gennarina L Riso
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA.,Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Elisa Lazzari
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA.,Doctoral School of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sheldon Morris
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
| | - Asako Sakaue-Sawano
- Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako-city, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako-city, Saitama, Japan
| | - Catriona H M Jamieson
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
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143
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Shen H, McHale CM, Haider SI, Jung C, Zhang S, Smith MT, Zhang L. Identification of Genes That Modulate Susceptibility to Formaldehyde and Imatinib by Functional Genomic Screening in Human Haploid KBM7 Cells. Toxicol Sci 2016; 151:10-22. [PMID: 27008852 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Though current functional genomic screening systems are useful for investigating human susceptibility to chemical toxicity, they have limitations. Well-established, high-throughput yeast mutant screens identify only evolutionarily conserved processes. RNA interference can be applied in human cells but is limited by incomplete gene knockout and off-target effects. Human haploid cell screening is advantageous as it requires knockdown of only a single copy of each gene. A human haploid cell mutant library (KBM7-Mu), derived from a chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patient, was recently developed and has been used to identify genes that modulate sensitivity to infectious agents and pharmaceutical drugs. Here, we sought to improve the KBM7-Mu screening process to enable efficient screening of environmental chemicals. We developed a semi-solid medium based screening approach that cultures individual mutant colonies from chemically resistant cells, faster (by 2-3 weeks) and with less labor than the original liquid medium-based approach. As proof of principle, we identified genetic mutants that confer resistance to the carcinogen formaldehyde (FA, 12 genes, 18 hits) and the CML chemotherapeutic agent imatinib (6 genes, 13 hits). Validation experiments conducted on KBM7 mutants lacking each of the 18 genes confirmed resistance of 6 FA mutants (CTC1, FCRLA, GOT1, LPR5, M1AP, and MAP2K5) and 1 imatinib-resistant mutant (LYRM9). Despite the improvements to the method, it remains technically challenging to limit false positive findings. Nonetheless, our findings demonstrate the broad applicability of this optimized haploid approach to screen toxic chemicals to identify novel susceptibility genes and gain insight into potential mechanisms of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shen
- Superfund Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Cliona M McHale
- Superfund Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Syed I Haider
- Superfund Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Cham Jung
- Superfund Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Susie Zhang
- Superfund Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Martyn T Smith
- Superfund Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Superfund Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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144
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Hu Y, Li S. Survival regulation of leukemia stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1039-50. [PMID: 26686687 PMCID: PMC11108378 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are a subpopulation cells at the apex of hierarchies in leukemia cells and responsible for disease continuous propagation. In this article, we discuss some cellular and molecular components, which are critical for LSC survival. These components include intrinsic signaling pathways and extrinsic microenvironments. The intrinsic signaling pathways to be discussed include Wnt/β-catenin signaling, Hox genes, Hh pathway, Alox5, and some miRNAs, which have been shown to play important roles in regulating LSC survival and proliferation. The extrinsic components to be discussed include selectins, CXCL12/CXCR4, and CD44, which involve in LSC homing, survival, and proliferation by affecting bone marrow microenvironment. Potential strategies for eradicating LSCs will also discuss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiguo Hu
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, The Third Part Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shaoguang Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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145
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TGF-α and IL-6 plasma levels selectively identify CML patients who fail to achieve an early molecular response or progress in the first year of therapy. Leukemia 2016; 30:1263-72. [PMID: 26898188 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Early molecular response (EMR, BCR-ABL1 (IS)⩽10% at 3 months) is a strong predictor of outcome in imatinib-treated chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML) patients, but for patients who transform early, 3 months may be too late for effective therapeutic intervention. Here, we employed multiplex cytokine profiling of plasma samples to test newly diagnosed CP-CML patients who subsequently received imatinib treatment. A wide range of pro-inflammatory and angiogenesis-promoting cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were elevated in the plasma of CML patients compared with that of healthy donors. Most of these normalized after tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment while others remained high in remission samples. Importantly, we identified TGF-α and IL-6 as novel biomarkers with high diagnostic plasma levels strongly predictive of subsequent failure to achieve EMR and deep molecular response, as well as transformation to blast crisis and event-free survival. Interestingly, high TGF-α alone can also delineate a poor response group raising the possibility of a pathogenic role. This suggests that the incorporation of these simple measurements to the diagnostic work-up of CP-CML patients may enable therapy intensity to be individualized early according to the cytokine-risk profile of the patient.
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146
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Wieczorek A, Uharek L. Management of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Resistant to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Treatment. Biomark Insights 2016; 10:49-54. [PMID: 26917943 PMCID: PMC4760672 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s22431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder associated with a characteristic chromosomal translocation called the Philadelphia chromosome. This oncogene is generated by the fusion of breakpoint cluster region (BCR) and Abelson leukemia virus (ABL) genes and encodes a novel fusion gene translating into a protein with constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. The discovery and introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) irreversibly changed the landscape of CML treatment, leading to dramatic improvement in long-term survival rates. The majority of patients with CML in the chronic phase have a life expectancy comparable with that of healthy age-matched individuals. Although an enormous therapeutic improvement has been accomplished, there are still some unresolved issues in the treatment of patients with CML. One of the most important problems is based on the fact that TKIs can efficiently target proliferating mature cells but do not eradicate leukemic stem cells, allowing persistence of the malignant clone. Owing to the resistance mechanisms arising during the course of the disease, treatment with most of the approved BCR-ABL1 TKIs may become ineffective in a proportion of patients. This article highlights the different molecular mechanisms of acquired resistance being developed during treatment with TKIs as well as the pharmacological strategies to overcome it. Moreover, it gives an overview of novel drugs and therapies that are aiming in overcoming drug resistance, loss of response, and kinase domain mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wieczorek
- Charité, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Uharek
- Charité, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Berlin, Germany
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147
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Mu C, Wu X, Ma H, Tao W, Zhang G, Xia X, Shen J, Mai J, Sun T, Sun X, Arlinghaus RB, Shen H. Effective Concentration of a Multikinase Inhibitor within Bone Marrow Correlates with In Vitro Cell Killing in Therapy-Resistant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:899-910. [PMID: 26846820 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0577-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia cells escape BCR-ABL-targeted therapy by developing mutations, such as T315I, in the p210(BCR-ABL) fusion protein in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Although most effort has been focused on development of new tyrosine kinase inhibitors, enrichment of these small-molecule inhibitors in the tumor tissue can also have a profound impact on treatment outcomes. Here, we report that a 2-hour exposure of the T315I-mutant CML cells to 10 μmol/L of the multikinase inhibitor TG101209 suppressed BCR-ABL-independent signaling and caused cell-cycle arrest at G2-M. Further increase in drug concentration to 17.5 μmol/L blocked phosphorylation of the mutant BCR-ABL kinase and its downstream JAK2 and STAT5. The effective dosage to overcome therapy resistance identified in an in vitro setting serves as a guidance to develop the proper drug formulation for in vivo efficacy. A targeted formulation was developed to achieve sustained bone marrow TG101209 concentration at or above 17.5 μmol/L for effective killing of CML cells in vivo Potent inhibition of leukemia cell growth and extended survival were observed in two murine models of CML treated with 40 mg/kg intravenously administered targeted TG101209, but not with the untargeted drug at the same dosage. Our finding provides a unique approach to develop treatments for therapy-resistant CML. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 899-910. ©2016 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Aurora Kinase B/antagonists & inhibitors
- Bone Marrow/drug effects
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Mice
- Mutation
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Mu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Helen Ma
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaojun Xia
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianliang Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Junhua Mai
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Tong Sun
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoping Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ralph B Arlinghaus
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
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148
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Eberhardt M, Lai X, Tomar N, Gupta S, Schmeck B, Steinkasserer A, Schuler G, Vera J. Third-Kind Encounters in Biomedicine: Immunology Meets Mathematics and Informatics to Become Quantitative and Predictive. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1386:135-179. [PMID: 26677184 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3283-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the immune response is right now at the center of biomedical research. There are growing expectations that immune-based interventions will in the midterm provide new, personalized, and targeted therapeutic options for many severe and highly prevalent diseases, from aggressive cancers to infectious and autoimmune diseases. To this end, immunology should surpass its current descriptive and phenomenological nature, and become quantitative, and thereby predictive.Immunology is an ideal field for deploying the tools, methodologies, and philosophy of systems biology, an approach that combines quantitative experimental data, computational biology, and mathematical modeling. This is because, from an organism-wide perspective, the immunity is a biological system of systems, a paradigmatic instance of a multi-scale system. At the molecular scale, the critical phenotypic responses of immune cells are governed by large biochemical networks, enriched in nested regulatory motifs such as feedback and feedforward loops. This network complexity confers them the ability of highly nonlinear behavior, including remarkable examples of homeostasis, ultra-sensitivity, hysteresis, and bistability. Moving from the cellular level, different immune cell populations communicate with each other by direct physical contact or receiving and secreting signaling molecules such as cytokines. Moreover, the interaction of the immune system with its potential targets (e.g., pathogens or tumor cells) is far from simple, as it involves a number of attack and counterattack mechanisms that ultimately constitute a tightly regulated multi-feedback loop system. From a more practical perspective, this leads to the consequence that today's immunologists are facing an ever-increasing challenge of integrating massive quantities from multi-platforms.In this chapter, we support the idea that the analysis of the immune system demands the use of systems-level approaches to ensure the success in the search for more effective and personalized immune-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Eberhardt
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xin Lai
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Namrata Tomar
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shailendra Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Schmeck
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Marburg, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
- Systems Biology Platform, Institute for Lung Research/iLung, German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Steinkasserer
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerold Schuler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julio Vera
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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149
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Duchartre Y, Kim YM, Kahn M. The Wnt signaling pathway in cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 99:141-9. [PMID: 26775730 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is critically involved in both the development and homeostasis of tissues via regulation of their endogenous stem cells. Aberrant Wnt signaling has been described as a key player in the initiation of and/or maintenance and development of many cancers, via affecting the behavior of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). CSCs are considered by most to be responsible for establishment of the tumor and also for disease relapse, as they possess inherent drug-resistance properties. The development of new therapeutic compounds targeting the Wnt signaling pathway promises new hope to eliminate CSCs and achieve cancer eradication. However, a major challenge resides in developing a strategy efficient enough to target the dysregulated Wnt pathway in CSCs, while being safe enough to not damage the normal somatic stem cell population required for tissue homeostasis and repair. Here we review recent therapeutic approaches to target the Wnt pathway and their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Duchartre
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Yong-Mi Kim
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States.
| | - Michael Kahn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
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150
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Cardoso BA, Belo H, Barata JT, Almeida AM. The Bone Marrow-Mediated Protection of Myeloproliferative Neoplastic Cells to Vorinostat and Ruxolitinib Relies on the Activation of JNK and PI3K Signalling Pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143897. [PMID: 26623653 PMCID: PMC4666616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The classical BCR-ABL-negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN) are a group of heterogeneous haematological diseases characterized by constitutive JAK-STAT pathway activation. Targeted therapy with Ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2-specific inhibitor, achieves symptomatic improvement but does not eliminate the neoplastic clone. Similar effects are seen with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), albeit with poorer tolerance. Here, we show that bone marrow (BM) stromal cells (HS-5) protected MPN-derived cell lines (SET-2; HEL and UKE-1) and MPN patient-derived BM cells from the cytotoxic effects of Ruxolitinib and the HDACi Vorinostat. This protective effect was mediated, at least in part, by the secretion of soluble factors from the BM stroma. In addition, it correlated with the activation of signalling pathways important for cellular homeostasis, such as JAK-STAT, PI3K, JNK, MEK-ERK and NF-κB. Importantly, the pharmacological inhibition of JNK and PI3K pathways completely abrogated the BM protective effect on MPN cell lines and MPN patient samples. Our findings shed light on mechanisms of tumour survival and may indicate novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno A. Cardoso
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa—Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hélio Belo
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa—Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João T. Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António M. Almeida
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa—Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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