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Iglesias MJ, Soengas R, Probert I, Guilloud E, Gourvil P, Mehiri M, López Y, Cepas V, Gutiérrez-Del-Río I, Redondo-Blanco S, Villar CJ, Lombó F, Soto S, Ortiz FL. NMR characterization and evaluation of antibacterial and antiobiofilm activity of organic extracts from stationary phase batch cultures of five marine microalgae (Dunaliella sp., D. salina, Chaetoceros calcitrans, C. gracilis and Tisochrysis lutea). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 164:192-205. [PMID: 31174083 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of five marine microalgae (Dunaliella sp., Dunaliella salina, Chaetoceros calcitrans, Chaetoceros gracilis and Tisochrysis lutea) was investigated through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic study of the soluble material obtained by sequential extraction with hexane, ethyl acetate (AcOEt) and methanol of biomass from stationary phase cultures. Hexane extracted the major lipids present in the microalgae during the stationary phase of growth, which correspond to storage lipids. Triacylglycerols (TGs) were the only storage lipids produced by Dunaliella and Chaetoceros. In contrast, T. lutea predominantly stored polyunsaturated long-chain alkenones, with sterols also detected as minor components of the hexane extract. The molecular structure of brassicasterol was determined in T. lutea and the presence of squalene in this sample was also unequivocally detected. Monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDGs) and pigments were concentrated in the AcOEt extracts. C. calcitrans and D. salina constituted an exception due to the high amount of TGs and glycerol produced, respectively, by these two strains. Chlorophylls a and b and β-carotene were the major pigments synthesized by Dunaliella and chlorophyll a and fucoxanthin were the only pigments detected in Chaetoceros and T. lutea. Information concerning the acyl chains present in TGs and MGDGs as well as the positional distribution of acyl chains on the glycerol moiety was obtained by NMR analysis of hexane and AcOEt extracts, with results consistent with those expected for the genera studied. Fatty acid composition of TGs in the two Dunaliella strains was different, with polyunsaturated acyl chains almost absent in the storage lipids produced by D. salina. Except in C. calcitrans, the polar nature of soluble compounds was inferred through the relative extraction yield using methanol as the extraction solvent. Glycerol was the major component of this fraction for the Dunaliella strains. In T. lutea 1,4/2,5-cyclohexanetetrol (CHT) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) preponderated. CHT was also the major polyol present in the Chaetoceros strains in which DMSP was not detected, but prominent signals of 2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-sulfonate (DHSP) were observed in the 1H NMR spectra of methanolic extracts. The presence of DHSP confirms the production of this metabolite by diatoms. In addition, several other minor compounds (digalactosyldiacyglycerols (DGDGs), sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (SQDGs), amino acids, carbohydrates, scyllo-inositol, mannitol, lactic acid and homarine) were also identified in the methanolic extracts. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the extracts were tested. The AcOEt extract from C. gracilis showed a moderate antibiofilm activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma José Iglesias
- Área de Química Orgánica, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain.
| | - Raquel Soengas
- Área de Química Orgánica, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain
| | - Ian Probert
- Roscoff Culture Collection, FR2424 Station Biologique de Roscoff (Sorbonne Université / CNRS), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Emilie Guilloud
- Roscoff Culture Collection, FR2424 Station Biologique de Roscoff (Sorbonne Université / CNRS), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Priscillia Gourvil
- Roscoff Culture Collection, FR2424 Station Biologique de Roscoff (Sorbonne Université / CNRS), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Mohamed Mehiri
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR CNRS 7272, Université Nice Sofia Antopolis, 06103, Nice, France
| | - Yuly López
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)-Hospital Clinic-Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 132, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginio Cepas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)-Hospital Clinic-Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 132, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Gutiérrez-Del-Río
- Research Group BIONUC, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain. IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Spain
| | - Saúl Redondo-Blanco
- Research Group BIONUC, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain. IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Spain
| | - Claudio J Villar
- Research Group BIONUC, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain. IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Spain
| | - Felipe Lombó
- Research Group BIONUC, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain. IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Spain
| | - Sara Soto
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)-Hospital Clinic-Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 132, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando López Ortiz
- Área de Química Orgánica, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain.
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Řezanka T, Nedbalová L, Barcytė D, Vítová M, Sigler K. Arsenolipids in the green alga Coccomyxa (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 164:243-251. [PMID: 31128818 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-like compounds containing a dimethylarsinoyl group, i.e. Me2As(O)-, have been identified by liquid chromatography/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC/ICP-MS) and non-aqueous reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (positive and/or negative high-resolution tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (NARP-HPLC/HR-ESI+(-)-MS/MS) from three strains of green algae of the genus Coccomyxa (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta). The algae were cultivated in a medium containing 10 g arsenic/L, i.e. 133.5 mmol/L of Na2HAsO4.7H2O. After extraction by methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE), total lipids were analyzed by ICP-MS or ESI-MS without any further separation or fractionation. A total of 39 molecular species of arsenic triacylglycerols (AsTAG), 15 arsenic phosphatidylcholines (AsPC), 8 arsenic phosphatidylethanolamines (AsPE), 6 arsenic phosphatidylinositols (AsPI), 2 arsenic phosphatidylglycerols (AsPG) and 5 unknown lipids (probably ceramides) were identified. The structures of all molecular species were confirmed by tandem MS. Dry matter of the individual strains contained different amounts of total arsenolipids, i.e. C. elongata CCALA 427 (0.32 mg/g), C. onubensis (1.48 mg/g), C. elongata S3 (2.13 mg/g). On the other hand, there were only slight differences between strains in the relative abundances of individual molecular species. Possible biosynthesis of long-chain lipids with the end group Me2As(O) has also been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dovilė Barcytė
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Vítová
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Sigler
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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103
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Production of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Lipids from Autotrophic, Mixotrophic and Heterotrophic cultivation of Galdieria sp. strain USBA-GBX-832. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10791. [PMID: 31346188 PMCID: PMC6658668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A search for extremophile organisms producing bioactive compounds led us to isolate a microalga identified as Galdieria sp. USBA-GBX-832 from acidic thermal springs. We have cultured Galdieria sp. USBA-GBX-832 under autotrophic, mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions and determined variations of its production of biomass, lipids and PUFAs. Greatest biomass and PUFA production occurred under mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions, but the highest concentration of lipids occurred under autotrophic conditions. Effects of variations of carbon sources and temperature on biomass and lipid production were evaluated and factorial experiments were used to analyze the effects of substrate concentration, temperature, pH, and organic and inorganic nitrogen on biomass production, lipids and PUFAs. Production of biomass and lipids was significantly dependent on temperature and substrate concentration. Greatest accumulation of PUFAs occurred at the lowest temperature tested. PUFA profiles showed trace concentrations of arachidonic acid (C20:4) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5). This is the first time synthesis of these acids has been reported in Galdieria. These findings demonstrate that under heterotrophic conditions this microalga’s lipid profile is significantly different from those observed in other species of this genus which indicates that the culture conditions evaluated are key determinants of these organisms’ responses to stress conditions and accumulation of these metabolites.
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104
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Isolation and Characterization of Microalgae from Diverse Pakistani Habitats: Exploring Third-Generation Biofuel Potential. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12142660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Production of microalgae as feedstock for biofuels must deal with a number of challenges including constraints imposed by local conditions. One solution is to use indigenous strains adapted to local climatic conditions. The present report describes the isolation, identification, and characterization of 32 microalgal strains from different ecological habitats: desert freshwater channels, northern region, and saline regions of Pakistan. The effects of temperature on algal growth rates, biomass productivity, and lipid content were determined through growth at 12, 20, and 35 °C for 15 days under 2% CO2 Responses to temperature varied among species with 20 °C being the optimum temperature in general, although, exceptionally, the best overall growth rate was found for strain S29 (0.311 d−1) at 12 °C. In some cases high biomass productivity was observed at 35 °C, and, depending upon the strain, the maximum lipid content was obtained at different temperatures, including 12 °C. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis showed that the major fatty acids present were palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic. Oleic acid (C18:1) was the predominant fatty acid, with the specific FAME profile varying with strain. Thus, there is a rich diversity of microalgal strains native to Pakistan, some of which, characterized here, could be suitable for biodiesel production or other biotechnological applications.
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105
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Kokabi K, Gorelova O, Ismagulova T, Itkin M, Malitsky S, Boussiba S, Solovchenko A, Khozin-Goldberg I. Metabolomic foundation for differential responses of lipid metabolism to nitrogen and phosphorus deprivation in an arachidonic acid-producing green microalga. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:95-115. [PMID: 31128719 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The green oleaginous microalga Lobosphaera incisa accumulates storage lipids triacylglycerols (TAG) enriched in the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid under nitrogen (N) deprivation. In contrast, under phosphorous (P) deprivation, the production of the monounsaturated oleic acid prevails. We compared physiological responses, ultrastructural, and metabolic consequences of L. incisa acclimation to N and P deficiency to provide novel insights into the key determinants of ARA accumulation. Differential responses to nutrient deprivation on growth performance, carbon-to-nitrogen stoichiometry, membrane lipid composition and TAG accumulation were demonstrated. Ultrastructural analyses suggested a dynamic role for vacuoles in sustaining cell homeostasis under conditions of different nutrient availability and their involvement in autophagy in L. incisa. Paralleling ARA-rich TAG accumulation in lipid droplets, N deprivation triggered intensive chloroplast dismantling and promoted catabolic processes. Metabolome analysis revealed depletion of amino acids and pyrimidines, and repression of numerous biosynthetic hubs to favour TAG biosynthesis under N deprivation. Under P deprivation, despite the relatively low growth penalties, the presence of the endogenous P reserves and the characteristic lipid remodelling, metabolic signatures of energy deficiency were revealed. Metabolome adjustments to P deprivation included depletion in ATP and phosphorylated nucleotides, increased levels of TCA-cycle intermediates and osmoprotectants. We conclude that characteristic cellular and metabolome adjustments tailor the adaptive responses of L. incisa to N and P deprivation modulating its LC-PUFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilya Kokabi
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Olga Gorelova
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, GSP-1, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ismagulova
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, GSP-1, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Metabolic Profiling Unit, Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Metabolic Profiling Unit, Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sammy Boussiba
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Alexei Solovchenko
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, GSP-1, Moscow, 119234, Russia; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel.
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106
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Martins E, Almeida PR, Quintella BR, da Silva MG, Lança MJ. Muscle fatty acid profiles of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L.) indicate the use of fast metabolized energy during ontogenesis. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:849-862. [PMID: 30368685 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive characterization of muscle's FA composition of sea lamprey ammocoetes and adults was performed to test the hypothesis that larvae, and early spawning migrants have a similar FA profile prior to metamorphosis and to spawning migration. Subsequently, the role played by FA signature in these two highly demanding stages of life cycle was inferred. The results confirm that muscle represents an important fat reservoir, and the FA trophic markers revealed the importance of bacteria as sources of iso and anteiso FA and the strong trophic representation of benthic phytoplankton (diatoms) to larvae muscle FA profile. In early spawning migrants, the significance of marine food web to FA muscle profile is highlighted by the presence of FA signatures characteristics of herbivorous calanoid copepods. Although both life cycle phases studied do not share the same muscle FA signature, there is a part of the profile that is common, which is characterized by FA used in β-oxidation, such as C18:1ω9 but also by medium chain FA and PUFA which points that PUFA are spared as fuel to β-oxidation process and probably used to the development of tissues membranes (ammocoetes) and gonadal development and eicosanoid production among others (early spawning migrants). Further studies on FA profile are necessary to elucidate the FA role either during different life stages (ontogeny) or in the distinct habitats frequented (freshwater versus marine) by this diadromous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elói Martins
- LAQV, REQUIMTE-Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro R Almeida
- Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516, Évora, Portugal
- MARE-Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516, Évora, Portugal
| | - Bernardo R Quintella
- MARE-Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516, Évora, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marco Gomes da Silva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE-Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria João Lança
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516, Évora, Portugal.
- ICAAM-Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, 7004-516, Évora, Portugal.
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107
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Altmann BA, Neumann C, Rothstein S, Liebert F, Mörlein D. Do dietary soy alternatives lead to pork quality improvements or drawbacks? A look into micro-alga and insect protein in swine diets. Meat Sci 2019; 153:26-34. [PMID: 30861487 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pork quality characteristics related to the dietary substitution of soybean meal by the micro-alga Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) or black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) partly-defatted larval meal were observed. Through a duplicated study totalling 48 individually-fed barrows (Pietrain × (Large White × Landrace)) allocated into two experimental groups and a control, the effect of dietary protein source on physico-chemical and sensory pork quality was monitored under current industrial packaging conditions (highly‑oxygenated modified atmosphere packaging). The results show that physico-chemical characteristics are not degraded by including alternative protein sources in pig diets. Hermetia illucens increased lauric acid levels in backfat indicating that this fatty acid may be suitable as a biomarker for Hermetia illucens-fed pork. This goes to show that protein alternatives do not compromise pork quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne A Altmann
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division Animal Product Quality, University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Carmen Neumann
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division Animal Nutrition Physiology, University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Rothstein
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division Animal Nutrition Physiology, University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Frank Liebert
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division Animal Nutrition Physiology, University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Mörlein
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division Animal Product Quality, University of Goettingen, Germany.
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108
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Lin Y, Ge J, Zhang Y, Ling H, Yan X, Ping W. Monoraphidium sp. HDMA-20 is a new potential source of α-linolenic acid and eicosatetraenoic acid. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:56. [PMID: 30832728 PMCID: PMC6399880 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-0996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are synthesized from α-Linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3ω3) and play important roles in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses in mammal cells. ALA is an essential fatty acid which cannot be produced within the human body and must be acquired through diet. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of a novel microalgal strain (HDMA-20) as a source of ω-3 PUFAs including ALA and eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA, C20:4ω3). METHOD Phylogenetic Neighbor-Joining analysis based on 18S ribosomal DNA sequence was used to identify the microalga strain HDMA-20. Autotrophic condition was chosen to cultivate HDMA-20 to reduce the cultivation cost. GC-MS was used to determine the fatty acid composition of HDMA-20 lipid. RESULTS A microalgal strain (HDMA-20) from Lake Chengfeng (Daqing, Heilongjiang province, China) was found to accumulate high content of ω-3 PUFAs (63.4% of total lipid), with ALA and eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA, C20:4ω3) accounting for 35.4 and 9.6% of total lipid, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S ribosomal DNA sequences suggested that the HDMA-20 belonged to genus Monoraphidium (Selenastraceae, Sphaeropleales) and its 18S rDNA sequence information turned out to be new molecular record of Monoraphidium species. The biomass productivity and lipid content of HDMA-20 were also investigated under autotrophic condition. The biomass productivity of HDMA-20 reached 36.3 mg L- 1 day- 1, and the lipid contents was 22.6% of dry weight. CONCLUSION HDMA-20 not only represent an additional source of ALA, but also a totally new source of ETA. The high content of ω-3 PUFAs, especially ALA, of HDMA-20, makes it suitable as a source of nutrition supplements for human health. In addition, HDMA-20 exhibited good properties in growth and lipid accumulation, implying its potential for cost-effective ω-3 PUFAs production in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Ling
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufeng Yan
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiang Ping
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, People's Republic of China. .,Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
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109
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Perez-Lopez MI, Mendez-Reina R, Trier S, Herrfurth C, Feussner I, Bernal A, Forero-Shelton M, Leidy C. Variations in carotenoid content and acyl chain composition in exponential, stationary and biofilm states of Staphylococcus aureus, and their influence on membrane biophysical properties. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:978-987. [PMID: 30771288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are often found in close association with surfaces, resulting in the formation of biofilms. In Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), biofilms are implicated in the resilience of chronic infections, presenting a serious clinical problem world-wide. Here, S. aureus biofilms are grown under flow within clinical catheters at 37 °C. The lipid composition and biophysical properties of lipid extracts from these biofilms are compared with those from exponential growth and stationary phase cells. Biofilms show a reduction in iso and anteiso branching compensated by an increase in saturated fatty acids compared to stationary phase. A drastic reduction in carotenoid levels is also observed during biofilm formation. Thermotropic measurements of Laurdan GP and DPH polarization, show a reduction of lipid packing at 37 °C for biofilms compared to stationary phase. We studied the effects of carotenoid content on DMPG and DPPG model membranes showing trends in thermotropic behavior consistent with those observed in bacterial isolates, indicating that carotenoids participate in modulating lipid packing. Additionally, bending elastic constant (kc) measurements using vesicle fluctuation analysis (VFA) show that the presence of carotenoids can increase membrane bending rigidity. The antimicrobial peptide Magainin H2 was less activity on liposomes composed of stationary phase compared to biofilms or exponential growth isolates. This study contributes to an understanding of how Staphylococcus aureus modulates the composition of its membrane lipids, and how those changes affect the biophysical properties of membranes, which in turn may play a role in its virulence and its resistance to different membrane-active antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel Perez-Lopez
- Department of Physics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Biological Sciences Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Steve Trier
- Department of Physics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Adriana Bernal
- Biological Sciences Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Chad Leidy
- Department of Physics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
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110
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Li-Beisson Y, Thelen JJ, Fedosejevs E, Harwood JL. The lipid biochemistry of eukaryotic algae. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 74:31-68. [PMID: 30703388 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Algal lipid metabolism fascinates both scientists and entrepreneurs due to the large diversity of fatty acyl structures that algae produce. Algae have therefore long been studied as sources of genes for novel fatty acids; and, due to their superior biomass productivity, algae are also considered a potential feedstock for biofuels. However, a major issue in a commercially viable "algal oil-to-biofuel" industry is the high production cost, because most algal species only produce large amounts of oils after being exposed to stress conditions. Recent studies have therefore focused on the identification of factors involved in TAG metabolism, on the subcellular organization of lipid pathways, and on interactions between organelles. This has been accompanied by the development of genetic/genomic and synthetic biological tools not only for the reference green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii but also for Nannochloropsis spp. and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Advances in our understanding of enzymes and regulatory proteins of acyl lipid biosynthesis and turnover are described herein with a focus on carbon and energetic aspects. We also summarize how changes in environmental factors can impact lipid metabolism and describe present and potential industrial uses of algal lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Li-Beisson
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez Durance F-13108, France.
| | - Jay J Thelen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| | - Eric Fedosejevs
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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Ramesh Kumar B, Deviram G, Mathimani T, Duc PA, Pugazhendhi A. Microalgae as rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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112
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Simultaneous extraction and fractionation of omega-3 acylglycerols and glycolipids from wet microalgal biomass of Nannochloropsis gaditana using pressurized liquids. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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113
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Zienkiewicz K, Benning U, Siegler H, Feussner I. The type 2 acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase family of the oleaginous microalga Lobosphaera incisa. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:298. [PMID: 30477429 PMCID: PMC6257963 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oleaginous microalgae are promising sources of energy-rich triacylglycerols (TAGs) for direct use for food, feed and industrial applications. Lobosphaera incisa is a fresh water unicellular alga, which in response to nutrient stress accumulates a high amount of TAGs with a high proportion of arachidonic acid (ARA). The final committed step of de novo TAG biosynthesis is catalyzed by acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs), which add a fatty acid (FA) to the final sn-3 position of diacylglycerol (DAG). RESULTS Genome analysis revealed the presence of five putative DGAT isoforms in L. incisa, including one DGAT of type 1, three DGATs of type 2 and a single isoform of a type 3 DGAT. For LiDGAT1, LiDGAT2.1, LiDGAT2.2 and LiDGAT2.3 enzyme activity was confirmed by expressing them in the TAG-deficient yeast strain H1246. Feeding experiments of yeast transformants with fatty acids suggest a broad substrate specificity spectrum for LiDGAT1. A significant TAG production in response to exogenous ARA was found for LiDGAT2.2. Cellular localization of the four type 1 and type 2 DGATs expressed in yeast revealed that they all localize to distinct ER domains. A prominent association of LiDGAT1 with ER domains in close proximity to forming lipid droplets (LDs) was also observed. CONCLUSIONS The data revealed a distinct molecular, functional and cellular nature of type 1 and type 2 DGATs from L. incisa, with LiDGAT1 being a major contributor to the TAG pool. LiDGATs of type 2 might be in turn involved in the incorporation of unusual fatty acids into TAG and thus regulate the composition of TAG. This report provides a valuable resource for the further research of microalgae DGATs oriented towards production of fresh-water strains with higher oil content of valuable composition, not only for oil industry but also for human and animal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Urs Benning
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Heike Siegler
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
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Nag Dasgupta C, Nayaka S, Toppo K, Singh AK, Deshpande U, Mohapatra A. Draft genome sequence and detailed characterization of biofuel production by oleaginous microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda LWG002611. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:308. [PMID: 30455737 PMCID: PMC6225629 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to scarcity of fossil fuel, the importance of alternative energy sources is ever increasing. The oleaginous microalgae have demonstrated their potential as an alternative source of energy, but have not achieved commercialization owing to some biological and technical inefficiency. Modern methods of recombinant strain development for improved efficacy are suffering due to inadequate knowledge of genome and limited molecular tools available for their manipulation. RESULTS In the present study, microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda LWG002611 was selected as the preferred organism for lipid production as it contained high biomass (0.37 g L-1 day-1) and lipid (102 mg L-1 day-1), compared to other oleaginous algae examined in the present study as well as earlier reports. It possessed suitable biodiesel properties as per the range defined by the European biodiesel standard EN14214 and petro-diesel standard EN590:2013. To investigate the potential of S. quadricauda LWG002611 in details, the genome of the organism was assembled and annotated. This was the first genome sequencing and assembly of S. quadricauda, which predicted a genome size of 65.35 Mb with 13,514 genes identified by de novo and 16,739 genes identified by reference guided annotation. Comparative genomics revealed that it belongs to class Chlorophyceae and order Sphaeropleales. Further, small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (18S rRNA) sequencing was carried out to confirm its molecular identification. S. quadricauda LWG002611 exhibited higher number of genes related to major activities compared to other potential algae reported earlier with a total of 283 genes identified in lipid metabolism. Metabolic pathways were reconstructed and multiple gene homologs responsible for carbon fixation and triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis pathway were identified to further improve this potential algal strain for biofuel production by metabolic engineering approaches. CONCLUSION Here we present the first draft genome sequence, genetic characterization and comparative evaluation of S. quadricauda LWG002611 which exhibit high biomass as well as high lipid productivity. The knowledge of genome sequence, reconstructed metabolic pathways and identification of rate-limiting steps in TAG biosynthesis pathway will strengthen the development of molecular tools towards further improving this potentially one of the major algal strains for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitralekha Nag Dasgupta
- Algology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001 India
| | - Sanjeeva Nayaka
- Algology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001 India
| | - Kiran Toppo
- Algology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001 India
| | - Atul Kumar Singh
- Algology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001 India
| | - Uday Deshpande
- Bioserve|A CGI Company, 3-1-135/1A, CNR Complex, Mallapur, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 076 India
| | - Amitabikram Mohapatra
- Bioserve|A CGI Company, 3-1-135/1A, CNR Complex, Mallapur, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 076 India
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Dourou M, Tsolcha ON, Tekerlekopoulou AG, Bokas D, Aggelis G. Fish farm effluents are suitable growth media for Nannochloropsis gaditana, a polyunsaturated fatty acid producing microalga. Eng Life Sci 2018; 18:851-860. [PMID: 32624878 PMCID: PMC6999461 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish farm effluents may be used as culture media for marine microalgae, the cell mass of which constitute an excellent fish feed rich in bioactive compounds. In the current investigation different fish farm effluents were tested as culture media for Nannochloropsis strains. Among them, Nannochloropsis gaditana grew well on the effluent released from the sedimentation tank (EST), which is the final step of the wastewater treatment. Mono-algal but non-aseptic cultures were conducted in two types of photo-bioreactors, namely stirred tank reactor (STR) and open pond simulating reactor (OPSR) working under various photoperiods. N. gaditana grew well under full illumination mode on phosphate rich EST in the STR, producing 847.0 mg/L of dry cell mass containing 7.8%, w/w lipids, while when cultivated on phosphate limited EST, cell mass production was slightly lower but lipid biosynthesis was favored, with the lipid content reaching 24.7%, w/w in dry cell mass. In all trials, Nannochloropsis cell mass contained significant quantities of proteins and polysaccharides. Neutral lipids were predominant over polar lipids. Both glycolipid and phospholipid fractions were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially in eicosapentaenoic acid. We conclude that fish farm wastewaters can be re-used as microalgae growth media, which is of financial and environmental importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Dourou
- Division of Genetics, Cell & Developmental BiologyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of PatrasPatrasGreece
| | - Olga N. Tsolcha
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources ManagementUniversity of PatrasAgrinioGreece
| | | | | | - George Aggelis
- Division of Genetics, Cell & Developmental BiologyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of PatrasPatrasGreece
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Lin Y, Ge J, Ling H, Zhang Y, Yan X, Ping W. Isolation of a novel strain of Monoraphidium sp. and characterization of its potential for α-linolenic acid and biodiesel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 267:466-472. [PMID: 30036847 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
α-Linolenic acid (ALA) is an essential fatty acid which cannot be synthesized de novo in mammals and must be ingested regularly in the diet. In this study, a microalgal strain named HDMA-11 was isolated from Lake Ming, China, and was found to accumulate a high ALA content (39.2% of total lipids). Phylogenetic neighbor-joining analysis indicated that HDMA-11 belongs to the genus Monoraphidium (Selenastraceae, Sphaeropleales) and its 18S ribosomal DNA sequence seemed to be a new molecular record of a Monoraphidium species. The fatty acid profiles, biomass productivity and lipid content of HDMA-11 were also investigated in autotrophic conditions. The high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in HDMA-11, especially ALA, make it suitable as a source of nutritional supplementation for human health. Furthermore, HDMA-11 exhibited good properties for biodiesel production, characterized by high lipid content (28.5% of dry weight), moderate biomass productivity (31.5 mg L-1 day-1) and a promising lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, PR China; Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jingping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Hongzhi Ling
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yunye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xiufeng Yan
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Wenxiang Ping
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, PR China.
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Petruk G, Gifuni I, Illiano A, Roxo M, Pinto G, Amoresano A, Marzocchella A, Piccoli R, Wink M, Olivieri G, Monti DM. Simultaneous production of antioxidants and starch from the microalga Chlorella sorokiniana. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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118
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Tabatabai B, Chen H, Lu J, Giwa-Otusajo J, McKenna AM, Shrivastava AK, Sitther V. Fremyella diplosiphon as a biodiesel agent: Identification of fatty acid methyl esters via microwave-assisted direct in situ transesterification. BIOENERGY RESEARCH 2018; 11:528-537. [PMID: 30416644 PMCID: PMC6223314 DOI: 10.1007/s12155-018-9919-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Increasing concerns on environmental and economic issues linked to fossil fuel use has driven great interest in cyanobacteria as third generation biofuel agents. In this study, the biodiesel potential of a model photosynthetic cyanobacterium, Fremyella diplosiphon, was identified by fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) via direct transesterification. Total lipids in wild type (Fd33) and halotolerant (HSF33-1 and HSF33-2) strains determined by gravimetric analysis yielded 19% cellular dry weight (CDW) for HSF33-1 and 20% CDW for HSF33-2, which were comparable to Fd33 (18% CDW). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detected a high ratio of saturated to unsaturated FAMEs (2.48-2.61) in transesterified lipids, with methyl palmitate being the most abundant (C16:0). While theoretical biodiesel properties revealed high cetane number and oxidative stability, high cloud and pour point values indicated that fuel blending could be a viable approach. Significantly high FAME abundance in total transesterified lipids of HSF33-1 (40.2%) and HSF33-2 (69.9%) relative to Fd33 (25.4%) was identified using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry, indicating that robust salt stress response corresponds to higher levels of extractable FAME. Alkanes, a key component in conventional fuels, were present in F. diplosiphon transesterified lipids across all strains confirming that natural synthesis of these hydrocarbons is not inhibited during biodiesel production. While analysis of photosynthetic pigments and phycobiliproteins did not reveal significant differences, FAME abundance varied significantly in wild type and halotolerant strains indicating that photosynthetic pathways are not the sole factors that determine fatty acid production. We characterize the potential of F. diplosiphon for biofuel production with FAME yields in halotolerant strains higher than the wild type with no loss in photosynthetic pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Tabatabai
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, 1700 East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, Maryland 21251, United States
| | - Huan Chen
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Jie Lu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Future Fuels Institute, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Jamiu Giwa-Otusajo
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, 1700 East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, Maryland 21251, United States
| | - Amy M. McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Alok K. Shrivastava
- Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, P.O. Box No. 1, Motihari, Bihar 845401, India
| | - Viji Sitther
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, 1700 East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, Maryland 21251, United States
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Ferain A, De Saeyer N, Larondelle Y, Rees JF, Debier C, De Schamphelaere KAC. Body lipid composition modulates acute cadmium toxicity in Daphnia magna adults and juveniles. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 205:328-338. [PMID: 29704840 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) affect zooplankton fitness and ability to cope with environmental stressors. However, the impact of LC-PUFAs on zooplankton sensitivity to chemical stressors is unknown. Here, we aimed to document the interaction between EPA and cadmium (Cd), as model chemical stressor, in Daphnia magna. A life-history experiment was performed in which daphnid neonates were raised into adulthood on three diets of different lipid composition: (i) algae mix; (ii) algae mix supplemented with control liposomes; (iii) algae mix supplemented with liposomes containing EPA. Juveniles (3rd, 4th and 5th brood) released by daphnids during this life-history experiment were sampled, challenged with Cd during 48 h and their immobility was assessed. At the end of this life-history experiment, another immobilisation test was performed with adults from each treatment. Daphnids absorbed, incorporated and transferred ingested EPA to their offspring. Liposome feeding increased adult tolerance to Cd. The presence of EPA in liposomes did not increase adult tolerance to Cd. Offspring's tolerance to Cd was influenced by the brood number and the maternal diet. It was positively correlated with the PUFA level in body neutral lipids, especially alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) and negatively correlated with the saturated fatty acid level in body neutral lipids, especially stearic acid (18:0). Overall, these results emphasize the importance of dietary lipids and maternal transfer of body lipids in D. magna sensitivity to Cd and highlight the need to take into account these parameters in ecotoxicological studies and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ferain
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 2/L7.05.08, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Environmental Toxicology Unit, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nancy De Saeyer
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Environmental Toxicology Unit, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yvan Larondelle
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 2/L7.05.08, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Rees
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 2/L7.05.08, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Cathy Debier
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 2/L7.05.08, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Karel A C De Schamphelaere
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Environmental Toxicology Unit, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Mori CC, Bagatini IL, Garcia da Silva T, Parrish CC, Henriques Vieira AA. Use of fatty acids in the chemotaxonomy of the family Selenastraceae (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 151:9-16. [PMID: 29631105 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The family Selenastraceae includes many species of freshwater green microalgae with morphological characteristics that are so subtly different that it is difficult to discriminate species within it. Therefore, the use of the diacritical characteristics of traditional morphological taxonomy may be ineffective at differentiating among many species of the family. Chemotaxonomy based on fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) can help resolve uncertainties not completely addressed by other approaches, such as molecular studies of some species within the Selenastraceae. Here, we first tested three techniques for the analysis of microalgal FAME to choose the one that would provide the best profiles for chemotaxonomy: 1) direct transesterification (DT) of the biomass followed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS); 2) extraction using chloroform and methanol, followed by transesterification (T) and then analysis by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC-FID); and 3) extraction with chloroform and methanol and then separation into lipid classes using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) using the Iatroscan-Chromarod system. The tests were conducted on 12 strains (11 species) of Selenastraceae and one outgroup strain. The fatty acid profiles produced by the DT-GC-MS technique yielded the best results for the chemotaxonomy of the Selenastraceae species using 12 FAME. The proportion of the variance in the fatty acid profiles obtained with DT-GC-MS analysis explained by species was 85%, whereas the differences explained by strains was 92%. Therefore, DT-GC-MS was used to analyze other microalgae strains, totaling 15 species of 8 genera of green coccoid microalgae, including the recently described Curvastrum. The results with all strains showed that fatty acid profiles obtained by DT-GC-MS were significantly different (p < 0.001) among strains and among species. The variance in fatty acids profiles explained by separation into strains was 97%, whereas the separation into species explained 93% of the variance. Statistical analyses showed that, for our dataset, the C18 fatty acids 18:3ω3 and 18:4ω6 were indicative of the Selenastraceae. Therefore, fatty acid profiles are a useful auxiliary chemotaxonomic tool for species identification in Selenastraceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cilene Cristina Mori
- Phycology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luís Highway SP 310, 235 km, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Inessa Lacativa Bagatini
- Phycology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luís Highway SP 310, 235 km, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Thais Garcia da Silva
- Phycology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luís Highway SP 310, 235 km, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Christopher Charles Parrish
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Ocean Sciences Centre, Marine Lab Road, St. John's, Newfoundland A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Armando Augusto Henriques Vieira
- Phycology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luís Highway SP 310, 235 km, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
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Maltsev Y, Gusev E, Maltseva I, Kulikovskiy M, Namsaraev Z, Petrushkina M, Filimonova A, Sorokin B, Golubeva A, Butaeva G, Khrushchev A, Zotko N, Kuzmin D. Description of a new species of soil algae, Parietochloris grandis sp. nov., and study of its fatty acid profiles under different culturing conditions. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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122
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Terminal Olefin Profiles and Phylogenetic Analyses of Olefin Synthases of Diverse Cyanobacterial Species. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.00425-18. [PMID: 29728380 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00425-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria can synthesize alkanes and alkenes, which are considered to be infrastructure-compatible biofuels. In terms of physiological function, cyanobacterial hydrocarbons are thought to be essential for membrane flexibility for cell division, size, and growth. The genetic basis for the biosynthesis of terminal olefins (1-alkenes) is a modular type I polyketide synthase (PKS) termed olefin synthase (Ols). The modular architectures of Ols and structural characteristics of alkenes have been investigated only in a few species of the small percentage (approximately 10%) of cyanobacteria that harbor putative Ols pathways. In this study, investigations of the domains, modular architectures, and phylogenies of Ols in 28 cyanobacterial strains suggested distinctive pathway evolution. Structural feature analyses revealed 1-alkenes with three carbon chain lengths (C15, C17, and C19). In addition, the total cellular fatty acid profile revealed the diversity of the carbon chain lengths, while the fatty acid feeding assay indicated substrate carbon chain length specificity of cyanobacterial Ols enzymes. Finally, in silico analyses suggested that the N terminus of the modular Ols enzyme exhibited characteristics typical of a fatty acyl-adenylate ligase (FAAL), suggesting a mechanism of fatty acid activation via the formation of acyl-adenylates. Our results shed new light on the diversity of cyanobacterial terminal olefins and a mechanism for substrate activation in the biosynthesis of these olefins.IMPORTANCE Cyanobacterial terminal olefins are hydrocarbons with promising applications as advanced biofuels. Despite the basic understanding of the genetic basis of olefin biosynthesis, the structural diversity and phylogeny of the key modular olefin synthase (Ols) have been poorly explored. An overview of the chemical structural traits of terminal olefins in cyanobacteria is provided in this study. In addition, we demonstrated by in vivo fatty acid feeding assays that cyanobacterial Ols enzymes might exhibit substrate carbon chain length specificity. Furthermore, by performing bioinformatic analyses, we observed that the substrate activation domain of Ols exhibited features typical of a fatty acyl-adenylate ligase (FAAL), which activates fatty acids by converting them to fatty acyl-adenylates. Our results provide further insight into the chemical structures of terminal olefins and further elucidate the mechanism of substrate activation for terminal olefin biosynthesis in cyanobacteria.
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Allen JL, Ten-Hage L, Leflaive J. Regulation of Fatty Acid Production and Release in Benthic Algae: Could Parallel Allelopathy Be Explained with Plant Defence Theories? MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 75:609-621. [PMID: 28986712 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-1082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many organisms produce chemical compounds, generally referred as secondary metabolites, to defend against predators and competitors (allelopathic compounds). Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the interaction between environmental factors and secondary metabolites production. However, microalgae commonly use simple metabolites having a role in primary metabolism as allelopathic compounds. The aim of this study was to determine whether classical theories of plant chemical defences could be applied to microalgae producing allelochemicals derived from the primary metabolism. Our study was designed to investigate how growth phase, algal population density, nutrient limitation and carbon assimilation affect the production and release of allelopathic free fatty acids (FFAs) among other FFAs. The model species used was Uronema confervicolum, a benthic filamentous green alga that produces two allelopathic FFAs (linoleic and α-linolenic acids) inhibiting diatom growth. FFAs have been quantified in algal biomass and in culture medium. Our results were analysed according to two classical plant defence theories: the growth-differentiation balance hypothesis (GDBH) and the optimal defence theory (ODT), based on the metabolic capacities for defence production and on the need for defence, respectively. While a higher production of allelopathic compounds under increased light conditions supports the use of GDBH with this microalga, the observation of a negative feedback mechanism mostly supports ODT. Therefore, both theories were insufficient to explain all the observed effects of environmental factors on the production of these allelochemicals. This highlights the needs of new theories and models to better describe chemical interactions of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey L Allen
- ECOLAB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Loïc Ten-Hage
- ECOLAB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Joséphine Leflaive
- ECOLAB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
- EcoLab (Laboratoire d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), Université de Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse, France.
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Zulu NN, Zienkiewicz K, Vollheyde K, Feussner I. Current trends to comprehend lipid metabolism in diatoms. Prog Lipid Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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125
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Procházková L, Remias D, Řezanka T, Nedbalová L. Chloromonas nivalis subsp. tatrae, subsp. nov. (Chlamydomonadales, Chlorophyta): re-examination of a snow alga from the High Tatra Mountains (Slovakia). FOTTEA (PRAHA) 2018; 18:1-18. [PMID: 30976329 DOI: 10.5507/fot.2017.010.chloromonas] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Melting snow fields populated by aplanozygotes of the genus Chloromonas (Chlamydomonadales, Chlorophyta) are found in polar and alpine habitats. In the High Tatra Mountains (Slovakia), cells causing blooms of brownish-red snow designated as Scotiella tatrae kol turned out to be genetically (18S, ITS1 and ITS2 rDNA, rbcL) very closely related to Chloromonas nivalis (Chodat) Hoham et Mullet from the Austrian Alps. Therefore, Sc. tatrae is transferred into the latter taxon and reduced to a subspecies as Cr. nivalis subsp. tatrae. Both exhibit a similar photosynthetic performance, thrive in similar habitats at open sites above timberline, but differ in astaxanthin accumulation and number of aplanozygote cell wall flanges. In a field sample of Cr. nivalis subsp. tatrae, polyunsaturated fatty acids formed nearly 50 % of total lipids, dominating in phospholipids and glycolipids. Cr. nivalis subsp. tatrae represents likely a variation of a common cryoflora species with distinct morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Procházková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Remias
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, A-4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology CAS, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
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Procházková L, Remias D, Řezanka T, Nedbalová L. Chloromonas nivalis subsp. tatrae, subsp. nov. (Chlamydomonadales, Chlorophyta): re-examination of a snow alga from the High Tatra Mountains (Slovakia). FOTTEA (PRAHA) 2018; 18:1-18. [PMID: 30976329 PMCID: PMC6456015 DOI: 10.5507/fot.2017.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Melting snow fields populated by aplanozygotes of the genus Chloromonas (Chlamydomonadales, Chlorophyta) are found in polar and alpine habitats. In the High Tatra Mountains (Slovakia), cells causing blooms of brownish-red snow designated as Scotiella tatrae kol turned out to be genetically (18S, ITS1 and ITS2 rDNA, rbcL) very closely related to Chloromonas nivalis (Chodat) Hoham et Mullet from the Austrian Alps. Therefore, Sc. tatrae is transferred into the latter taxon and reduced to a subspecies as Cr. nivalis subsp. tatrae. Both exhibit a similar photosynthetic performance, thrive in similar habitats at open sites above timberline, but differ in astaxanthin accumulation and number of aplanozygote cell wall flanges. In a field sample of Cr. nivalis subsp. tatrae, polyunsaturated fatty acids formed nearly 50 % of total lipids, dominating in phospholipids and glycolipids. Cr. nivalis subsp. tatrae represents likely a variation of a common cryoflora species with distinct morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Procházková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, CZ–128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author
| | - Daniel Remias
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, A–4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology CAS, Vídeňská 1083, CZ–142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, CZ–128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
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127
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Lipidomics of Thalassiosira pseudonana under Phosphorus Stress Reveal Underlying Phospholipid Substitution Dynamics and Novel Diglycosylceramide Substitutes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02034-17. [PMID: 29305510 PMCID: PMC5835749 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02034-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton replace phosphorus-containing lipids (P-lipids) with non-P analogues, boosting growth in P-limited oceans. In the model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana, the substitution dynamics of lipid headgroups are well described, but those of the individual lipids, differing in fatty acid composition, are unknown. Moreover, the behavior of lipids outside the common headgroup classes and the relationship between lipid substitution and cellular particulate organic P (POP) have yet to be reported. We investigated these through the mass spectrometric lipidomics of P-replete (P+) and P-depleted (P-) T. pseudonana cultures. Nonlipidic POP was depleted rapidly by the initiation of P stress, followed by the cessation of P-lipid biosynthesis and per-cell reductions in the P-lipid levels of successive generations. Minor P-lipid degradative breakdown was observed, releasing P for other processes, but most P-lipids remained intact. This may confer an advantage on efficient heterotrophic lipid consumers in P-limited oceans. Glycerophosphatidylcholine (PC), the predominant P-lipid, was similar in composition to its betaine substitute lipid. During substitution, PC was less abundant per cell and was more highly unsaturated in composition. This may reflect underlying biosynthetic processes or the regulation of membrane biophysical properties subject to lipid substitution. Finally, levels of several diglycosylceramide lipids increased as much as 10-fold under P stress. These represent novel substitute lipids and potential biomarkers for the study of P limitation in situ, contributing to growing evidence highlighting the importance of sphingolipids in phycology. These findings contribute much to our understanding of P-lipid substitution, a powerful and widespread adaptation to P limitation in the oligotrophic ocean.IMPORTANCE Unicellular organisms replace phosphorus (P)-containing membrane lipids with non-P substitutes when P is scarce, allowing greater growth of populations. Previous research with the model diatom species Thalassiosira pseudonana grouped lipids by polar headgroups in their chemical structures. The significance of the research reported here is threefold. (i) We described the individual lipids within the headgroups during P-lipid substitution, revealing the relationships between lipid headgroups and hinting at the underlying biochemical processes. (ii) We measured total cellular P, placing P-lipid substitution in the context of the broader response to P stress and yielding insight into the implications of substitution in the marine environment. (iii) We identified lipids previously unknown in this system, revealing a new type of non-P substitute lipid, which is potentially useful as a biomarker for the investigation of P limitation in the ocean.
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128
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Lang-Yona N, Kunert AT, Vogel L, Kampf CJ, Bellinghausen I, Saloga J, Schink A, Ziegler K, Lucas K, Schuppan D, Pöschl U, Weber B, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J. Fresh water, marine and terrestrial cyanobacteria display distinct allergen characteristics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:767-774. [PMID: 28866404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
During the last decades, global cyanobacteria biomass increased due to climate change as well as industrial usage for production of biofuels and food supplements. Thus, there is a need for thorough characterization of their potential health risks, including allergenicity. We therefore aimed to identify and characterize similarities in allergenic potential of cyanobacteria originating from the major ecological environments. Different cyanobacterial taxa were tested for immunoreactivity with IgE from allergic donors and non-allergic controls using immunoblot and ELISA. Moreover, mediator release from human FcεR1-transfected rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells was measured, allowing in situ examination of the allergenic reaction. Phycocyanin content and IgE-binding potential were determined and inhibition assays performed to evaluate similarities in IgE-binding epitopes. Mass spectrometry analysis identified IgE-reactive bands ranging between 10 and 160kDa as phycobiliprotein compounds. Levels of cyanobacterial antigen-specific IgE in plasma of allergic donors and mediator release from sensitized RBL cells were significantly higher compared to non-allergic controls (p<0.01). Inhibition studies indicated cross-reactivity between IgE-binding proteins from fresh water cyanobacteria and phycocyanin standard. We further addressed IgE-binding characteristics of marine water and soil-originated cyanobacteria. Altogether, our data suggest that the intensive use and the strong increase in cyanobacterial abundance due to climate change call for increasing awareness and further monitoring of their potential health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Lang-Yona
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Anna Theresa Kunert
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lothar Vogel
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Department of Allergology, Langen, Germany
| | - Christopher Johannes Kampf
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Mainz, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Iris Bellinghausen
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Department of Dermatology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim Saloga
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Department of Dermatology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne Schink
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kira Ziegler
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kurt Lucas
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bettina Weber
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
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129
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Procházková L, Remias D, Holzinger A, Řezanka T, Nedbalová L. Ecophysiological and morphological comparison of two populations of Chlainomonas sp. (Chlorophyta) causing red snow on ice-covered lakes in the High Tatras and Austrian Alps. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2018; 53:230-243. [PMID: 29755214 PMCID: PMC5940174 DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2018.1426789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Based on analyses of multiple molecular markers (18S rDNA, ITS1, ITS2 rDNA, rbcL), an alga that causes red snow on the melting ice cover of a high-alpine lake in the High Tatras (Slovakia) was shown to be identical with Chlainomonas sp. growing in a similar habitat in the Tyrolean Alps (Austria). Both populations consisted mostly of smooth-walled quadriflagellates. They occurred in slush, and shared similar photosynthetic performances (photoinhibition above 1300 µmol photons m-2 s-1), very high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, 64% and 74% respectively) and abundant astaxanthin accumulation, comparable to the red spores of Chlamydomonas nivalis (Bauer) Wille. Physiological differences between the Slovak and Austrian populations included higher levels of α-tocopherol and a 13Z-isomer of astaxanthin in the former. High accumulation of secondary pigments in the Slovak population probably reflected harsher environmental conditions, since the collection was made later in the growing season when cells were exposed to higher irradiance at the surface. Using a polyphasic approach, we compared Chlainomonas sp. with Chlamydomonas nivalis. The latter causes 'conventional' red snow, and shows high photophysiological plasticity, with high efficiency under low irradiance and no photoinhibition up to 2000 µmol photons m-2 s-1. Its PUFA content was significantly lower (50%). An annual cycle of lake-to-snow colonization by Chlainomonas sp. from slush layers deeper in the ice cover is proposed. Our results point to an ecologically highly specialized cryoflora species, whose global distribution is likely to be more widespread than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Procházková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
- CONTACT Lenka Procházková
| | - Daniel Remias
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstr. 23, A-4600 Wels, Austria
| | | | - Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
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130
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Mello RV, Meccheri FS, Bagatini IL, Rodrigues-Filho E, Vieira AA. MALDI-TOF MS based discrimination of coccoid green microalgae (Selenastraceae, Chlorophyta). ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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131
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Bauersachs T, Talbot HM, Sidgwick F, Sivonen K, Schwark L. Lipid biomarker signatures as tracers for harmful cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186360. [PMID: 29036222 PMCID: PMC5642901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent proliferation of harmful cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABs) in the Baltic and other marginal seas poses a severe threat for the health of infested ecosystems as e.g. the massive export and decay of cyanobacterial biomass facilitates the spread of bottom water hypoxia. There is evidence that cyanoHABs occurred repeatedly in the Baltic Sea but knowledge of their spatiotemporal distribution and the cyanobacteria that contributed to them is limited. In this study, we examined representatives of the major bloom-forming heterocystous cyanobacteria (i.e. Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum (formerly Anabaena) and Nodularia) to establish lipid fingerprints that allow tracking these environmentally important diazotrophs in the modern and past Baltic Sea. The distribution of normal and mid-chain branched alkanes, fatty acid methyl esters, bacteriohopanepolyols and heterocyst glycolipids permitted a clear chemotaxonomic separation of the different heterocystous cyanobacteria but also indicated a close phylogenetic relationship between representatives of the genera Aphanizomenon and Dolichospermum. Compared to the discontinuous nature of phytoplankton surveys studies, the distinct lipid profiles reported here will allow obtaining detailed spatiotemporal information on the frequency and intensity of Baltic Sea cyanoHABs as well as their community composition using the time-integrated biomarker signatures recorded in surface and subsurface sediments. As heterocystous cyanobacteria of the genera Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum and Nodularia are generally known to form massive blooms in many brackish as well as lacustrine systems worldwide, the chemotaxonomic markers introduced in this study may allow investigating cyanoHABs in a great variety of contemporary environments from polar to tropical latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Bauersachs
- Department of Organic Geochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Helen M. Talbot
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Sidgwick
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kaarina Sivonen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lorenz Schwark
- Department of Organic Geochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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132
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Cyanophage-encoded lipid desaturases: oceanic distribution, diversity and function. ISME JOURNAL 2017; 12:343-355. [PMID: 29028002 PMCID: PMC5776448 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are among the most abundant photosynthetic organisms in the oceans; viruses infecting cyanobacteria (cyanophages) can alter cyanobacterial populations, and therefore affect the local food web and global biochemical cycles. These phages carry auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs), which rewire various metabolic pathways in the infected host cell, resulting in increased phage fitness. Coping with stress resulting from photodamage appears to be a central necessity of cyanophages, yet the overall mechanism is poorly understood. Here we report a novel, widespread cyanophage AMG, encoding a fatty acid desaturase (FAD), found in two genotypes with distinct geographical distribution. FADs are capable of modulating the fluidity of the host’s membrane, a fundamental stress response in living cells. We show that both viral FAD (vFAD) families are Δ9 lipid desaturases, catalyzing the desaturation at carbon 9 in C16 fatty acid chains. In addition, we present a comprehensive fatty acid profiling for marine cyanobacteria, which suggests a unique desaturation pathway of medium- to long-chain fatty acids no longer than C16, in accordance with the vFAD activity. Our findings suggest that cyanophages are capable of fiddling with the infected host’s membranes, possibly leading to increased photoprotection and potentially enhancing viral-encoded photosynthetic proteins, resulting in a new viral metabolic network.
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133
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Cañavate JP, Armada I, Hachero-Cruzado I. Common and Species-Specific Effects of Phosphate on Marine Microalgae Fatty Acids Shape Their Function in Phytoplankton Trophic Ecology. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 74:623-639. [PMID: 28411302 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-0983-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of fatty acids (FA) to infer structure of phytoplankton assemblages and as indicators of microalgae nutritional value is acquiring relevance in modern phytoplankton ecology and new advances concerning factors influencing FA variability among microalgae are demanded. In this regard, the relationship between phosphorus and FA remains particularly little studied in marine phytoplankton. In the present study, we focus on phosphate effects on FA from a diversified set of marine microalgae and provide new insights into the applicability of FA in phytoplankton trophic ecology. Phosphate deprivation mainly induced monounsaturated FA production in eight out of nine microalgae and their changes were species-specific, with palmitoleic acid exhibiting extreme variation and discriminating between haptophyte classes. The important phosphate-induced and interspecific variability found for oleic acid was perceived as a concern for the current application of this FA as a trophic position indicator in grazers. Chloroplast C-16 and C-18 polyunsaturated FA were more affected by phosphate than C-20 and C-22 highly unsaturated FA (HUFA). The relative stability of stearidonic acid to phosphate in cryptophytes and haptophytes pinpointed this FA as a suited marker for both microalgae groups. Taken all species together, phosphate deprivation and taxonomy accounted for 20.8 and 50.7% of total FA variation, respectively. HUFA were minimally affected by phosphate indicating their suitability as indicators of phytoplankton trophic value. The asymptotic relationship between HUFA and phosphorus cell content suggested mineral composition (phosphorus) could be more important than HUFA content as attribute of marine microalgae nutritional value at the species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Cañavate
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño. Andalusia Research and Training Institute for Fisheries and Agriculture, 11500-El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Isabel Armada
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño. Andalusia Research and Training Institute for Fisheries and Agriculture, 11500-El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ismael Hachero-Cruzado
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño. Andalusia Research and Training Institute for Fisheries and Agriculture, 11500-El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
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134
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Moomaw W, Berzin I, Tzachor A. Cutting Out the Middle Fish: Marine Microalgae as the Next Sustainable Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Protein Source. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2017.29102.wmo] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William Moomaw
- Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Asaf Tzachor
- Department of Science, Technology, Engineering and Public Policy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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135
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Bioprospecting North Atlantic microalgae with fast growth and high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content for microalgae-based technologies. ALGAL RES 2017; 26:392-401. [PMID: 28989862 PMCID: PMC5614095 DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are considered to be an important and sustainable alternative to fish oil as a source for the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Due to their health benefits, there is an increasing interest in the commercial application of these fatty acids (FA) to health and dietary products, and to aquaculture feeds. However, FA from microalgae are still expensive to produce compared to fish or plant oils. With only a few microalgal strains being cultivated on a large scale for commercial PUFA production, prospecting for new, robust and fast-growing strains with increased PUFA content is essential in order to reduce production costs. Microalgae from northern high latitudes, exposed to cold temperatures, may be especially promising candidates as previous studies have shown increasing unsaturation of FA in response to decreasing growth temperatures in different microalgae, most likely to maintain membrane fluidity and function. We have designed a screening pipeline, targeting a focused search and selection for marine microalgal strains from extreme North Atlantic locations with high robustness and biomass production, and increased levels of EPA and DHA. The pipeline includes a rational sampling plan, isolation and cultivation of clonal strains, followed by a batch growth experiment designed to obtain information on robustness, growth characteristics, and the FA content of selected isolates during both nutrient replete exponential cultivation and nutrient limited stationary cultivation. A number of clonal cultures (N = 149) have been established, and twenty of these strains have been screened for growth and FA content and composition. Among those strains, three showed growth rates ≥ 0.7 d− 1 at temperatures of 15 °C or below, and high amounts of EPA (> 3% DW), suggesting their potential as candidates for large scale production. Fast growing microalgae with high EPA and DHA levels were prospected in North Atlantic waters. A number of 149 clonal stock cultures were established, mostly represented by diatoms. Three out of 20 strains showed fast growth together with high EPA content. Highest EPA content of 4.6% of dry weight was found in an Arctic diatom. Microalgae from northern high latitudes reveal potential for biotechnological applications.
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136
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Zhou W, Wang H, Chen L, Cheng W, Liu T. Heterotrophy of filamentous oleaginous microalgae Tribonema minus for potential production of lipid and palmitoleic acid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 239:250-257. [PMID: 28531849 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrophic fermentation and high valuable co-product producing are thought to be effective ways to improve the economic viability and feasibility of commercial production of microalgae biofuels. This work reported the heterotrophic cultivation of Tribonema minus for lipid and palmitoleic acid (a novel functional fatty acid) production. Firstly, the heterotrophic ability of T. minus was identified for the first time with significant promotion in biomass and lipid productivity, and glucose and urea were then selected as the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources. Moreover, nutrient concentrations and culture conditions were optimized. Highest biomass and lipid productivity of 30.8gL-1 and 730mgL-1d-1 were obtained respectively by adding 80gL-1 glucose at once. In addition, 2gL-1 urea, 0.8gL-1 K2HPO4, 24mgL-1 ammonium ferric citrate, initial pH of 6, and temperature of 27°C were determined as the appropriate conditions for heterotrophic growth and lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wentao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tianzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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137
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Zorin B, Pal-Nath D, Lukyanov A, Smolskaya S, Kolusheva S, Didi-Cohen S, Boussiba S, Cohen Z, Khozin-Goldberg I, Solovchenko A. Arachidonic acid is important for efficient use of light by the microalga Lobosphaera incisa under chilling stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:853-868. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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138
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Hess SK, Lepetit B, Kroth PG, Mecking S. Production of chemicals from microalgae lipids - status and perspectives. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra K. Hess
- Department of Chemistry; Chair of Chemical Materials Science; University of Konstanz; Konstanz Germany
| | - Bernard Lepetit
- Department of Biology; Plant Ecology; University of Konstanz; Konstanz Germany
| | - Peter G. Kroth
- Department of Biology; Plant Ecology; University of Konstanz; Konstanz Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry; Chair of Chemical Materials Science; University of Konstanz; Konstanz Germany
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139
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Nannochloropsis oceania-derived defatted meal as an alternative to fishmeal in Atlantic salmon feeds. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179907. [PMID: 28704386 PMCID: PMC5509142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Defatted microalgal biomass derived from biorefinery can be potential feed ingredients for carnivorous fish. The present study investigated the growth, feed intake:gain and health parameters in Atlantic salmon fed for 84 days with defatted Nannochloropsis oceania as a fishmeal replacer. Fish fed feeds containing the algal biomass (at 10 and 20% inclusion, alga groups) were compared with groups that consumed alga-devoid feeds (control group). The fish that received 20% alga tended to have reduced weight gain and specific growth rate. Condition factor, feed conversion ratio and feed intake of this fish group were significantly different when compared with the control group. Hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices, whole body and fillet proximate composition were not affected by the dietary treatments. Digestibility of dry matter, protein, lipid, ash and energy, as well as retention of lipid and energy of the fish that received feed with 20% alga meal were also significantly different from those of the control group. Serum superoxide dismutase activity of the 10% alga-fed fish was significantly higher compared with the control fish. Although alga feeding did not cause any distal intestinal inflammation, the intestinal proteins that were altered upon feeding 20% algal meal might be pointing to systemic physiological disturbances. In conclusion, feeds with 20% alga had a negative effect on feed intake, FCR, lipid and energy retention and health of the fish. The defatted Nannochloropsis oceania can be used at modest inclusion levels, around 10%, without negative effects on the performance of Atlantic salmon.
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140
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Řezanka T, Nedbalová L, Lukavský J, Procházková L, Sigler K. Lipidomic analysis of two closely related strains of the microalga Parietochloris (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta). ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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141
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Nelson DR, Khraiwesh B, Fu W, Alseekh S, Jaiswal A, Chaiboonchoe A, Hazzouri KM, O'Connor MJ, Butterfoss GL, Drou N, Rowe JD, Harb J, Fernie AR, Gunsalus KC, Salehi-Ashtiani K. The genome and phenome of the green alga Chloroidium sp. UTEX 3007 reveal adaptive traits for desert acclimatization. eLife 2017. [PMID: 28623667 PMCID: PMC5509433 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the phenomic and genomic traits that allow green algae to survive in deserts, we characterized a ubiquitous species, Chloroidium sp. UTEX 3007, which we isolated from multiple locations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Metabolomic analyses of Chloroidium sp. UTEX 3007 indicated that the alga accumulates a broad range of carbon sources, including several desiccation tolerance-promoting sugars and unusually large stores of palmitate. Growth assays revealed capacities to grow in salinities from zero to 60 g/L and to grow heterotrophically on >40 distinct carbon sources. Assembly and annotation of genomic reads yielded a 52.5 Mbp genome with 8153 functionally annotated genes. Comparison with other sequenced green algae revealed unique protein families involved in osmotic stress tolerance and saccharide metabolism that support phenomic studies. Our results reveal the robust and flexible biology utilized by a green alga to successfully inhabit a desert coastline. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25783.001 Single-celled green algae, also known as green microalgae, play an important role for the world’s ecosystems, in part, because they can harness energy from sunlight to produce carbon-rich compounds. Microalgae are also important for biotechnology and people have harnessed them to make food, fuel and medicines. Green microalgae live in many types of habitats from streams to oceans, and they can also be found on the land, including in deserts. Like plants that live in the desert, these microalgae have likely evolved specific traits that allow them to live in these hot and dry regions. Yet, fewer scientists have studied microalgae compared to land plants, and until now it was not well understood how microalgae could survive in the desert. Nelson et al. analyzed green microalgae from different locations around the United Arab Emirates and found that one microalga, known as Chloroidium, is one of the most dominant algae in this area. This included samples from beaches, mangroves, desert oases, buildings and public fresh water sources. Chloroidium has a unique set of genes and proteins and grew particularly well in freshwater and saltwater. Rather than just harnessing sunlight, the microalgae were able to consume over 40 different varieties of carbon sources to produce energy. The microalgae also accumulated oily molecules with a similar composition to palm oil, which may help this species to survive in desert regions. A next step will be to develop biotechnological assets based on the information obtained. In the future, microalgae could be used to make an oil that represents an alternative to palm oil; this would reduce the demand for palm tree plantations, which pose a major threat to the natural environment. Moreover, understanding how microalgae can colonize a desert region will help us to understand the effects of climate change in the region. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25783.002
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Nelson
- Laboratory of Algal, Synthetic, and Systems Biology, Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basel Khraiwesh
- Laboratory of Algal, Synthetic, and Systems Biology, Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Weiqi Fu
- Laboratory of Algal, Synthetic, and Systems Biology, Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ashish Jaiswal
- Laboratory of Algal, Synthetic, and Systems Biology, Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amphun Chaiboonchoe
- Laboratory of Algal, Synthetic, and Systems Biology, Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled M Hazzouri
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Matthew J O'Connor
- Core Technology Platform, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Glenn L Butterfoss
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nizar Drou
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jillian D Rowe
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jamil Harb
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kristin C Gunsalus
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Center for Genomics and Systems Biology and Department of Biology, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Kourosh Salehi-Ashtiani
- Laboratory of Algal, Synthetic, and Systems Biology, Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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142
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Siegler H, Valerius O, Ischebeck T, Popko J, Tourasse NJ, Vallon O, Khozin-Goldberg I, Braus GH, Feussner I. Analysis of the lipid body proteome of the oleaginous alga Lobosphaera incisa. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:98. [PMID: 28587627 PMCID: PMC5461629 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lobosphaera incisa (L. incisa) is an oleaginous microalga that stores triacylglycerol (TAG) rich in arachidonic acid in lipid bodies (LBs). This organelle is gaining attention in algal research, since evidence is accumulating that proteins attached to its surface fulfill important functions in TAG storage and metabolism. RESULTS Here, the composition of the LB proteome in L incisa was investigated by comparing different cell fractions in a semiquantitative proteomics approach. After applying stringent filters to the proteomics data in order to remove contaminating proteins from the list of possible LB proteins (LBPs), heterologous expression of candidate proteins in tobacco pollen tubes, allowed us to confirm 3 true LBPs: A member of the algal Major Lipid Droplet Protein family, a small protein of unknown function and a putative lipase. In addition, a TAG lipase that belongs to the SUGAR DEPENDENT 1 family of TAG lipases known from oilseed plants was identified. Its activity was verified by functional complementation of an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant lacking the major seed TAG lipases. CONCLUSIONS Here we describe 3 LBPs as well as a TAG lipase from the oleaginous microalga L. incisa and discuss their possible involvement in LB metabolism. This study highlights the importance of filtering LB proteome datasets and verifying the subcellular localization one by one, so that contaminating proteins can be recognized as such. Our dataset can serve as a valuable resource in the identification of additional LBPs, shedding more light on the intriguing roles of LBs in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Siegler
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Valerius
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Popko
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas J. Tourasse
- UMR7141, CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Present address: Laboratoire ARNA, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR5320, Université Bordeaux 2; Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB), 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Olivier Vallon
- UMR7141, CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Gerhard H. Braus
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Goettingen, Germany
- University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany
- University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Goettingen, Germany
- University of Goettingen, International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), Goettingen, Germany
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143
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Cañavate JP, Armada I, Hachero-Cruzado I. Polar Lipids Analysis of Cultured Phytoplankton Reveals Significant Inter-taxa Changes, Low Influence of Growth Stage, and Usefulness in Chemotaxonomy. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 73:755-774. [PMID: 27837252 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The high lipid diversity of microalgae has been used to taxonomically differentiate phytoplankton taxa at the class level. However, important lipids such as phospholipids (PL) and betaine lipids (BL) with potential chemotaxonomy application in phytoplankton ecology have been scarcely studied. The chemotaxonomy value of PL and BL depends on their intraspecific extent of variation as microalgae respond to external changing factors. To determine such effects, lipid class changes occurring at different growth stages in 15 microalgae from ten different classes were analyzed. BL occurred in 14 species and were the less affected lipids by growth stage with diacylglyceryl-hydroxymethyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-b-alanine (DGTA) showing the highest stability. PL were more influenced by growth stage with phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and phosphatidyletanolamine (PE) declining towards older culture stages in some species. Glycolipids were the more common lipids, and no evident age-related variability pattern could be associated to taxonomic diversity. Selecting BL and PL as descriptor variables optimally distinguished microalgae taxonomic variability at all growth stages. Principal coordinate analysis arranged species through a main tendency from diacylglyceryl-hydroxymethyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-b-alanine (DGCC) containing species (mainly dinoflagellates and haptophytes) to DGTA or PC containing species (mainly cryptophytes). Two diatom classes with similar fatty acid profiles could be distinguished from their respective content in DGTA (Bacillariophyceae) or DGCC (Mediophyceae). In green lineage classes (Trebouxiophyceae, Porphyridophyceae, and Chlorodendrophyceae), PC was a better descriptor than BL. BL and PL explained a higher proportion of microalgae taxonomic variation than did fatty acids and played a complementary role as lipid markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Cañavate
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Andalusia Research and Training Institute for Fisheries and Agriculture, 11500-El Puerto de Santa Maria, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Isabel Armada
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Andalusia Research and Training Institute for Fisheries and Agriculture, 11500-El Puerto de Santa Maria, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ismael Hachero-Cruzado
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Andalusia Research and Training Institute for Fisheries and Agriculture, 11500-El Puerto de Santa Maria, Cádiz, Spain
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144
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Pandit PR, Fulekar MH, Karuna MSL. Effect of salinity stress on growth, lipid productivity, fatty acid composition, and biodiesel properties in Acutodesmus obliquus and Chlorella vulgaris. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:13437-13451. [PMID: 28386901 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8875-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Two microalgae strains including Chlorella vulgaris and Acutodesmus obliquus were grown on BG11 medium with salinity stress ranging from 0.06 to 0.4 M NaCl. Highest lipid content in C. vulgaris and A. obliquus was 49 and 43% in BG11 amended with 0.4 M NaCl. The microalgal strains C. vulgaris and A. obliquus grow better at 0.06 M NaCl concentration than control condition. At 0.06 M NaCl, improved dry biomass content in C. vulgaris and A. obliquus was 0.92 and 0.68 gL-1, respectively. Stress biomarkers like reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzyme catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase were also lowest at 0.06 M NaCl concentration revealing that both the microalgal strains are well acclimatized at 0.06 M NaCl concentration. The fatty acid composition of the investigated microalgal strains was also improved by increased NaCl concentration. At 0.4 M NaCl, palmitic acid (37%), oleic acid (15.5%), and linoleic acid (20%) were the dominant fatty acids in C. vulgaris while palmitic acid (54%) and stearic acid (26.6%) were major fatty acids found in A. obliquus. Fatty acid profiling of C. vulgaris and A. obliquus significantly varied with salinity concentration. Therefore, the study showed that salt stress is an effective stress that could increase not only the lipid content but also improved the fatty acid composition which could make C. vulgaris and A. obliquus potential strains for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Raj Pandit
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central university of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Madhusudan H Fulekar
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central university of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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145
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Degraeve-Guilbault C, Bréhélin C, Haslam R, Sayanova O, Marie-Luce G, Jouhet J, Corellou F. Glycerolipid Characterization and Nutrient Deprivation-Associated Changes in the Green Picoalga Ostreococcus tauri. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:2060-2080. [PMID: 28235892 PMCID: PMC5373045 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The picoalga Ostreococcus tauri is a minimal photosynthetic eukaryote that has been used as a model system. O. tauri is known to efficiently produce docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). We provide a comprehensive study of the glycerolipidome of O. tauri and validate this species as model for related picoeukaryotes. O. tauri lipids displayed unique features that combined traits from the green and the chromalveolate lineages. The betaine lipid diacylglyceryl-hydroxymethyl-trimethyl-β-alanine and phosphatidyldimethylpropanethiol, both hallmarks of chromalveolates, were identified as presumed extraplastidial lipids. DHA was confined to these lipids, while plastidial lipids of prokaryotic type were characterized by the overwhelming presence of ω-3 C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs), 18:5 being restricted to galactolipids. C16:4, an FA typical of green microalgae galactolipids, also was a major component of O. tauri extraplastidial lipids, while the 16:4-coenzyme A (CoA) species was not detected. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) displayed the complete panel of FAs, and many species exhibited combinations of FAs diagnostic for plastidial and extraplastidial lipids. Importantly, under nutrient deprivation, 16:4 and ω-3 C18 polyunsaturated FAs accumulated into de novo synthesized TAGs while DHA-TAG species remained rather stable, indicating an increased contribution of FAs of plastidial origin to TAG synthesis. Nutrient deprivation further severely down-regulated the conversion of 18:3 to 18:4, resulting in obvious inversion of the 18:3/18:4 ratio in plastidial lipids, TAGs, as well as acyl-CoAs. The fine-tuned and dynamic regulation of the 18:3/18:4 ratio suggested an important physiological role of these FAs in photosynthetic membranes. Acyl position in structural and storage lipids together with acyl-CoA analysis further help to determine mechanisms possibly involved in glycerolipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Degraeve-Guilbault
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Bordeaux BP81, F-33882 Villenave D'Ornon, France (C.D.-G., C.B., G.M.-L., F.C.)
- Rothamsted Research, Biological, Chemistry, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., O.S.); and
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, BIG, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.J.)
| | - Claire Bréhélin
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Bordeaux BP81, F-33882 Villenave D'Ornon, France (C.D.-G., C.B., G.M.-L., F.C.)
- Rothamsted Research, Biological, Chemistry, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., O.S.); and
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, BIG, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.J.)
| | - Richard Haslam
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Bordeaux BP81, F-33882 Villenave D'Ornon, France (C.D.-G., C.B., G.M.-L., F.C.)
- Rothamsted Research, Biological, Chemistry, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., O.S.); and
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, BIG, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.J.)
| | - Olga Sayanova
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Bordeaux BP81, F-33882 Villenave D'Ornon, France (C.D.-G., C.B., G.M.-L., F.C.)
- Rothamsted Research, Biological, Chemistry, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., O.S.); and
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, BIG, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.J.)
| | - Glawdys Marie-Luce
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Bordeaux BP81, F-33882 Villenave D'Ornon, France (C.D.-G., C.B., G.M.-L., F.C.)
- Rothamsted Research, Biological, Chemistry, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., O.S.); and
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, BIG, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.J.)
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Bordeaux BP81, F-33882 Villenave D'Ornon, France (C.D.-G., C.B., G.M.-L., F.C.)
- Rothamsted Research, Biological, Chemistry, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., O.S.); and
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, BIG, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.J.)
| | - Florence Corellou
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Bordeaux BP81, F-33882 Villenave D'Ornon, France (C.D.-G., C.B., G.M.-L., F.C.);
- Rothamsted Research, Biological, Chemistry, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., O.S.); and
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, BIG, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.J.)
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146
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Sharp CE, Urschel S, Dong X, Brady AL, Slater GF, Strous M. Robust, high-productivity phototrophic carbon capture at high pH and alkalinity using natural microbial communities. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:84. [PMID: 28367229 PMCID: PMC5372337 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) has come to be seen as one of the most viable technologies to provide the negative carbon dioxide emissions needed to constrain global temperatures. In practice, algal biotechnology is the only form of BECCS that could be realized at scale without compromising food production. Current axenic algae cultivation systems lack robustness, are expensive and generally have marginal energy returns. RESULTS Here it is shown that microbial communities sampled from alkaline soda lakes, grown as biofilms at high pH (up to 10) and high alkalinity (up to 0.5 kmol m-3 NaHCO3 and NaCO3) display excellent (>1.0 kg m-3 day-1) and robust (>80 days) biomass productivity, at low projected overall costs. The most productive biofilms contained >100 different species and were dominated by a cyanobacterium closely related to Phormidium kuetzingianum (>60%). CONCLUSION Frequent harvesting and red light were the key factors that governed the assembly of a stable and productive microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E. Sharp
- Department of Geosciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, EEEL 509, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Sydney Urschel
- Department of Geosciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, EEEL 509, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Xiaoli Dong
- Department of Geosciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, EEEL 509, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Allyson L. Brady
- School of Geography and Earth Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Greg F. Slater
- School of Geography and Earth Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Marc Strous
- Department of Geosciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, EEEL 509, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
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147
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Řezanka T, Nedbalová L, Lukavský J, Střížek A, Sigler K. Pilot cultivation of the green alga Monoraphidium sp. producing a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in a low-temperature environment. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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148
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Serive B, Nicolau E, Bérard JB, Kaas R, Pasquet V, Picot L, Cadoret JP. Community analysis of pigment patterns from 37 microalgae strains reveals new carotenoids and porphyrins characteristic of distinct strains and taxonomic groups. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171872. [PMID: 28231253 PMCID: PMC5322898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton, with an estimated 30 000 to 1 000 000 species clustered in 12 phyla, presents a high taxonomic and ecophysiological diversity, reflected by the complex distribution of pigments among the different algal classes. High performance liquid chromatography is the gold standard method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytoplankton pigments in seawater and culture samples, but only a few pigments can be used as robust chemotaxonomic markers. A major challenge is thus to identify new ones, characteristic of a strain, species, class or taxon that cannot be currently identified on the basis of its pigment signature. Using an optimized extraction process coupled to a HPLC de-replication strategy, we examined the pigment composition of 37 microalgae strains, representative of the broad taxonomic diversity of marine and freshwater species (excluding cyanobacteria). For each species, the major pigments already described were unambiguously identified. We also observed the presence of several minor unidentified pigments in each chromatogram. The global analysis of pigment compositions revealed a total of 124 pigments, including 98 pigments or derivatives unidentified using the standards. Absorption spectra indicated that 35 corresponded to chlorophyll/porphyrin derivatives, 57 to carotenoids and six to derivatives having both spectral signatures. Sixty-one of these unidentified or new carotenoids and porphyrin derivatives were characteristic of particular strains or species, indicating their possible use as highly specific chemotaxonomic markers capable of identifying one strain out of the 37 selected. We developed a graphical analysis using Gephi software to give a clear representation of pigment communities among the various phytoplankton strains, and to reveal strain-characteristic and shared pigments. This made it possible to reconstruct the taxonomic evolution of microalgae classes, on the basis of the conservation, loss, and/or appearance of pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Serive
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biotechnologie des Algues, IFREMER, BP, Nantes, France
- * E-mail: (BS); (EN)
| | - Elodie Nicolau
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biotechnologie des Algues, IFREMER, BP, Nantes, France
- * E-mail: (BS); (EN)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bérard
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biotechnologie des Algues, IFREMER, BP, Nantes, France
| | - Raymond Kaas
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biotechnologie des Algues, IFREMER, BP, Nantes, France
| | - Virginie Pasquet
- UMRi CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Université de la Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
| | - Laurent Picot
- UMRi CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Université de la Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
| | - Jean-Paul Cadoret
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biotechnologie des Algues, IFREMER, BP, Nantes, France
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149
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Řezanka T, Vítová M, Kolouchová I, Nedbalová L, Doležalová J, Palyzová A, Sigler K. Polydatin and its derivatives inhibit fatty acid desaturases in microorganisms. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, CAS; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Milada Vítová
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Institute of Microbiology, CAS; Centre Algatech; Třeboň Czech Republic
| | - Irena Kolouchová
- Department of Biotechnology; University of Chemistry and Technology; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jana Doležalová
- Department of Biotechnology; University of Chemistry and Technology; Prague Czech Republic
| | | | - Karel Sigler
- Institute of Microbiology, CAS; Prague Czech Republic
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150
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Amjad Khan W, Chun-Mei H, Khan N, Iqbal A, Lyu SW, Shah F. Bioengineered Plants Can Be a Useful Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7348919. [PMID: 28316988 PMCID: PMC5339522 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7348919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids have proven to be very essential for human health due to their multiple health benefits. These essential fatty acids (EFAs) need to be uptaken through diet because they are unable to be produced by the human body. These are important for skin and hair growth as well as for proper visual, neural, and reproductive functions of the body. These fatty acids are proven to be extremely vital for normal tissue development during pregnancy and infancy. Omega-3 fatty acids can be obtained mainly from two dietary sources: marine and plant oils. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 n-3) are the primary marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids. Marine fishes are high in omega-3 fatty acids, yet high consumption of those fishes will cause a shortage of fish stocks existing naturally in the oceans. An alternative source to achieve the recommended daily intake of EFAs is the demand of today. In this review article, an attempt has, therefore, been made to discuss the importance of omega-3 fatty acids and the recent developments in order to produce these fatty acids by the genetic modifications of the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Amjad Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Hu Chun-Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Nadeem Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan 571339, China
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Shan-Wu Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Farooq Shah
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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