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Olawa BD, Idemudia ES. Gender Differences in the Associations Between Forms of Social Engagements and Loneliness in a Sample of Nigerian Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Survey. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-020-00579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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102
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Taranrød LB, Eriksen S, Pedersen I, Kirkevold Ø. Characteristics, Burden of Care and Quality of Life of Next of Kin of People with Dementia Attending Farm-Based Day Care in Norway: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2020; 13:1363-1373. [PMID: 33173299 PMCID: PMC7646404 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s268818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Caring for people with dementia is often associated with burden of care and may influence the quality of life of the next of kin. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of the next of kin to people with dementia attending farm-based day care service (FDC) and identify characteristics associated with burden of care and quality of life (QoL) of next of kin. Participants and Methods Ninety-four dyads of people with dementia and their next of kin were included from 25 FDCs in Norway in this descriptive cross-sectional study. The Relative Stress Scale (RSS) and the QoL–Alzheimer’s Disease Scale (QoL-AD) were used as outcomes measures. Results The participants consisted of those who lived with a person with dementia (spouse/partner, 62%) and those who did not (children), with significant differences in age, education level, work employment, perceived social support, depression symptoms, burden of care, and QoL. In multiple regression models, RSS and QoL were associated with living with the person with dementia, anxiety symptoms and perceived social support. In addition, RSS was associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in the people with dementia. Conclusion Our findings underline the importance of obtaining knowledge about the next of kin’s burden of care and QoL, of people with dementia attending an FDC. This knowledge is essential for those responsible for providing the best possible services for the next of kin and for developing targeted interventions to support the next of kin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Bjerknes Taranrød
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siren Eriksen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Department of Bachelor Education, Lovisenberg Diaconal University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingeborg Pedersen
- Department of Public Health Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Øyvind Kirkevold
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Centre of Old Age Psychiatry Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway.,Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Health Sciences in Gjøvik, Trondheim, Norway
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103
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Ibsen TL, Kirkevold Ø, Patil GG, Eriksen S. Dropout from farm-based day care for people with dementia in Norway: a follow-up study. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:428. [PMID: 33109115 PMCID: PMC7590676 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01826-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Farm-based day care services (FDCs) for people with dementia are intending to provide social relationships and meaningful activities in an agricultural landscape and offer respite for next of kin. As this requires a certain cognitive and physical functioning, it is of interest to investigate how this service contribute during the course of dementia. In this study we aim to explore the individual characteristics predicting dropout from FDC. Furthermore, we investigate whether the participants who drop out of the service continue to live at home with another day care service or if they move to a residential care facility. METHODS The study includes 92 people with dementia attending FDCs in Norway, assessed with standardized instruments at baseline between January 2017 and January 2018. They were followed for 1 year, and dropouts from FDC during this period were mapped. The association between individual characteristics and dropout was assessed using a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS Thirty-eight people stopped attending FDCs during the study. Twenty-six moved to residential care. Among the 12 who continued to live in their own homes, 9 people started in a regular day care service. Higher score on educational level and more severe dementia, as well as lower scores on social support, increased the probability of stopping FDC. CONCLUSION FDCs appeared as a service that is stable over time for most participants, as more than two-third could use the care facility until the need of residential care. The transfers within care services and levels of care seemed to be characterized by continuity. More research on the growing population of educated older adults with dementia are warranted, to facilitate for their course of care needs. Finally, extended knowledge is needed to improve the collaboration between private and public networks, such as day care services, to improve the experience of social support for people with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Ibsen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health (Ageing and Health), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ø Kirkevold
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health (Ageing and Health), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Department of Health Sciences in Gjøvik, Gjøvik, Norway.,Centre of Old Age Psychiatry Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Gjøvik, Norway
| | - G G Patil
- Department of Public Health Science, Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - S Eriksen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health (Ageing and Health), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Lovisenberg Diaconal University College, Oslo, Norway
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104
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Yang F, Jiang Y. Heterogeneous Influences of Social Support on Physical and Mental Health: Evidence from China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6838. [PMID: 32962140 PMCID: PMC7558190 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Employing a national representative survey (the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey 2016, CLDS2016) data (N = 14246), this paper examines the heterogeneous influences of social support on individual physical and mental health in China. Social support is characterized by four dimensions: emotional support, tangible or instrumental support, interaction or exchange support, and community support. Physical health is measured by self-rated health and body mass index (BMI), while mental health is measured by depression, hopelessness, failure, fear, loneliness, and meaninglessness. The results indicate that different dimensions of social support have heterogeneous effects on individual physical and mental health. Specifically, the correlation between emotional support and individual physical health is not significant, but emotional support is significantly related to some mental health variables. Tangible or instrumental support is significantly related to individual self-rated physical health but not to BMI or mental health. Interaction or exchange support is significantly correlated with individual self-rated health and some mental health variables. In general, there are significant correlations between community support, and individual physical and mental health. The results also suggest that the influences of social support on physical and mental health of individuals at different ages (<60 years and ≥60 years) are heterogeneous. The results of this study provide direction for the dimension selection of social support to promote individual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Labor and Social Security, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Department of Accounting, School of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
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105
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Engidaw NA, Abdu Z, Chinani I. Prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders among residents of Illu Ababore zone, southwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Int J Ment Health Syst 2020; 14:64. [PMID: 32817756 PMCID: PMC7425137 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-020-00394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A common mental disorder is characterized by anxiety, depression, and unexplained somatic symptoms that usually encountered in community and primary care settings. Both short and long term bio psychosocial disabilities are inevitable if common mental disorder is not treated. Despite its impact, the prevalence of common mental disorder in the Illu Ababore zone is not well known. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorder among Ilu Ababore zone residents, Southwest Ethiopia. Method A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 1 to August 30, 2018. A multi-stage sampling technique was applied to recruit participants. Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to assess the presence of common mental disorder. The data were entered into Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed by using SPSS version 23 software. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions were computed to identify the associated factors. Statistical significance was considered at P value < 0.05. Result A total of 690 participants were enrolled in this study with a response rate of 91.39%. The prevalence of common mental disorder was 27.2% (95% CI, 23.9, 31.0%). Being female (AOR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.15, 2.69), unable to read and write (AOR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.37, 6.82), living in the rural area (AOR = 3.53, 95% CI = 2.01, 6.18), having a family member with mental illness (AOR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.6, 4.5), having a chronic physical illness (AOR = 3.48, 95% CI = 2.26, 5.34) and lifetime alcohol use (AOR = 4.55, 95% CI = 2.93, 7.0) had a significant association with common mental disorder. Conclusion The current study showed that the proportion of the common mental disorder was high. Females showed a higher prevalence of the common mental disorder. Having a chronic physical illness, resides in the rural areas and history of lifetime alcohol use were also significantly associated with CMD. Psychological and social interventions with greater emphasis on females who have low educational status and residing in the rural area are recommended. Strategies that focus on the proper treatment of chronic physical illness can be also helpful to minimize the occurrence of common mental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigus Alemnew Engidaw
- College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Zakir Abdu
- Faculty of Public Health and Medical Science, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Ishwari Chinani
- Faculty of Public Health and Medical Science, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
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106
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Sundling V, Hafskjold L, Eklund JH, Holmström IK, Höglander J, Sundler AJ, van Dulmen S, Eide H. Emotional communication in home care: A comparison between Norway and Sweden. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2020; 103:1546-1553. [PMID: 32173215 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given the free movement of workers across countries, knowledge regarding communication differences between countries is imperative. In this study, we explored and compared the supportive responses of nursing staff to older persons' emotions in home care in Norway and Sweden. METHODS The study had an observational, cross-sectional, comparative design, which included 383 audio-recorded home-care visits. Communication was coded using Verona Coding Definitions of Emotional Sequences. Worries and responses were categorised with regard to reference, communicative function and level of person-centredness. Standard statistical tests were used to analyse the data. RESULTS The Swedish nursing staff provided space for further disclosure of worry more frequently than the Norwegian nursing staff (75.0 % versus 60.2 %, χ2 = 20.758, p < 0.01). In all, 65 % of the responses were supportive. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that highly person-centred responses were independently associated with worries phrasing an emotion, OR (95 % CI) 3.282 (1.524-7.067). CONCLUSION The level of person-centredness was associated with the way in which older persons expressed their distress. The Swedish nursing staff provided opportunities for further disclosure of worries more frequently than the Norwegian nursing staff. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Findings of intercultural differences should be incorporated into the training of nursing staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Sundling
- Department of Optometry, Radiography and Lighting Design, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Norway; National Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Norway; Science Centre Health and Technology, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Norway.
| | - Linda Hafskjold
- Department of Optometry, Radiography and Lighting Design, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Norway; Science Centre Health and Technology, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Norway
| | | | - Inger K Holmström
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden; Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Höglander
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Annelie J Sundler
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Sweden
| | - Sandra van Dulmen
- Science Centre Health and Technology, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Norway; NIVEL (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hilde Eide
- Science Centre Health and Technology, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Norway
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107
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Wang J, Xue J, Jiang Y, Zhu T, Chen S. Mediating effects of depressive symptoms on social support and quality of life among rural older Chinese. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:242. [PMID: 32690060 PMCID: PMC7372751 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is not well clear how psychosocial factors like depressive symptoms, social support affect quality of life in rural elderly in China. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of depressive symptoms in the association between social support and quality of life. METHODS Cross-sectional data of 420 rural elderly were taken from four villages in Hangzhou City. They were interviewed with a demographic questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression, the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) for social support, and the short version of World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF) for quality of life. Mediation was examined by a nonparametric Bootstrapping method, controlling for socioeconomic variables. RESULTS Poor quality of life was associated with low social support and increased depressive symptoms. A significant indirect effect of social support existed through depression in relation to quality of life (ab = 0.0213, 95% CI [0.0071, 0.0421]), accounting for 9.5% of the effect of social support on quality of life. Approximately 4.8% of the variance in QOL was attributable to the indirect effect of social support through depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms mediated the impact of social support on quality of life among rural older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wang
- Department of psychology and behavioral sciences, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Jiang Xue
- Department of psychology and behavioral sciences, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Yuxing Jiang
- Department of psychology and behavioral sciences, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Tingfei Zhu
- Department of psychology and behavioral sciences, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- Department of psychology and behavioral sciences, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310028, China.
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108
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Falak S, Safdar F, Nuzhat-Ul-Ain. Perceived discrimination, social support, and psychological distress in transgender individuals. Psych J 2020; 9:682-690. [PMID: 32618064 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to find the relationship among perceived discrimination, social support, and psychological distress in transgender individuals (TIs) and the predictors of psychological distress in TIs. A correlational research design was used in the present study. It was hypothesized that there would likely to be a positive relationship between perceived discrimination and psychological distress and that there would likely be a negative relationship between social support and psychological distress. It was also hypothesized that perceived discrimination would predict psychological distress. Permission for using the questionnaires was taken from the authors of the original tools and the authors of the Urdu translated versions of the tools. The sample of 111 participants with an age range of 20-65 years was recruited by using purposive and non-probability snowball sampling techniques. The Everyday Perceived Discrimination Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale were used to determine perceived discrimination, social support, and psychological distress, respectively, in TIs. Results revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between perceived discrimination and psychological distress, a significant negative relationship between social support and psychological distress, and there was also a significant negative relationship between perceived discrimination and social support. Additional findings revealed that perceived discrimination was found more in younger TIs than older TIs while social support from significant others was greater for younger TIs than for their older counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Falak
- Centre for Clinical Psychology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Safdar
- Centre for Clinical Psychology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nuzhat-Ul-Ain
- Centre for Clinical Psychology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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109
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Ibsen TL, Kirkevold Ø, Patil GG, Eriksen S. People with dementia attending farm-based day care in Norway - Individual and farm characteristics associated with participants' quality of life. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2020; 28:1038-1048. [PMID: 31884707 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Farm-based day care for people with dementia is supposed to improve the participants quality of life by using activities and resources of the farm environment to promote mental and physical health. In this paper, we describe the characteristics of those attending farm-based day care services in Norway and explore the association between individual and farm characteristics and the quality of life. A sample of 94 people with dementia who attended farm-based day care was recruited from 25 farms between January 2017 and January 2018. The data collection was performed using standardized instruments. Information about the farms was retrieved from a former study. The association between the participants' quality of life and their individual and/or farm characteristics was examined with a linear multilevel regression model. The participants had a mean age of 76 years, 62% were men, and 68% had additional education after primary school. Most of them had mild (54.3%) or questionable dementia (18.3%). A few participants used antipsychotics (3.7%), tranquilizers (9.9%) and painkillers (13.6%), while a higher number used antidepressants (30.9%). Quality of life was associated with the experience of having social support (p = .023), a low score on depressive symptoms (p < .001), and spending time outdoors at the farm (p < .001). The variation between the farm-based day care services in the participants' reported quality of life was related to time spent outdoors at the farm. In light of the present study, it seems as farm-based day care is addressing people with dementia in an early stage, dominated by men, with quite good physical and medical condition. The strong association between quality of life and spending time outdoors underscores that facilitation for outdoor activity should be prioritized in all types of dementia care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja L Ibsen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Aging and Health (Aging and Health), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Kirkevold
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Aging and Health (Aging and Health), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Department of Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gjøvik, Norway
- Centre of Old Age Psychiatry Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Grete G Patil
- Department of Public Health Science, Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Siren Eriksen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Aging and Health (Aging and Health), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway
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Lin Y, Xiao H, Lan X, Wen S, Bao S. Living arrangements and life satisfaction: mediation by social support and meaning in life. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:136. [PMID: 32293305 PMCID: PMC7158054 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01541-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living arrangements have impact on life satisfaction among older adults. However, the mechanism how it works has received less attention. This study aims to examine the mediating role of meaning in life and social support in the relationship between living arrangements and life satisfaction. METHODS A total of 215 older adults from nine nursing homes and three communities were included in this study. The Social Support Rating Scale, Meaning in Life Questionnaire and Life Satisfaction Index A were adopted. Data were analyzed with Hayes' s bias-corrected bootstrapping method. RESULTS Both social support and presence of meaning in life had positive correlations with life satisfaction (p<0.001), and they were significant mediators between living arrangements and life satisfaction (p<0.01). CONCLUSION To improve the life satisfaction of nursing home residents, more emphasis should be placed on encouraging residents to seek or maintain a meaningful life and creating a more positive climate of social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xuefu North Road, University Town, Fuzhou, 3500108 Fujian China
| | - Huimin Xiao
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xuefu North Road, University Town, Fuzhou, 3500108 Fujian China
| | - Xiuyan Lan
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Affiliated Clinical Medical Institute, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wen
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaoshao Bao
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xuefu North Road, University Town, Fuzhou, 3500108 Fujian China
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111
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Kalavina R, Chisati E, Mlenzana N, Wazakili M. The challenges and experiences of stroke patients and their spouses in Blantyre, Malawi. Malawi Med J 2020; 31:112-117. [PMID: 31452843 PMCID: PMC6698623 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v31i2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second major cause of death and disability worldwide. Most stroke survivors experience various challenges due to physical and mental impairments which increase the burden on spouses during care. The broad aim of this study was to explore the challenges and experiences of stroke patients and their spouses during and after rehabilitation at the Rehabilitation Centre in Blantyre, Malawi.
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112
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Perceived Functional Social Support and Self-Rated Health: The Health Promoting Effects of Instrumental Support for the Irish Community in London. J Immigr Minor Health 2020; 21:1004-1011. [PMID: 30382487 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-018-0831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite an increasing volume of research on Irish migrants to the UK, limited scientific data exists on the main effects of social support on the health of this community. METHODS A sample of Irish migrants in London was purposefully recruited (n = 790). Linear regression was used to predict social support. Logistic regression examined the independent association between functional social support and self-rated health (SRH) controlling for low risk covariates. RESULTS Older age, economic factors and better SRH precited stronger social support. Irish migrants who reported being able to rely on at least three people in times of crisis and those who perceived stronger emotional support were more likely to report good SRH when adjusted for demography and socio-economic factors. As risks increased only perceived support in times of crisis predicted SRH. DISCUSSION Interventions which build reliable and trusted social networks may have a direct effect on migrant health.
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113
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Yitayih Y, Soboka M, Tesfaye E, Abera M, Mamaru A, Adorjan K. A cross-sectional study of psychopathy and khat abuse among prisoners in the correctional institution in Jimma, Ethiopia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227405. [PMID: 31945093 PMCID: PMC6964971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Khat abuse and psychopathy are both strongly related to criminal activity. Higher rates of substance use in people with psychopathy are hypothesized to be related to psychopathic personality traits, which include high sensation seeking, low conscientiousness and neuroticism, impulsivity, and irresponsibility. Little is known, however, about the association between psychopathy and khat abuse among prisoners in Ethiopia. Therefore, we evaluated the presence of these two factors in prisoners in the correctional institution in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia. Materials and methods We used a cross-sectional study design to collect data from 336 prisoners from June 5 to July 5, 2017. Study participants were selected by a systematic random sampling technique. Khat abuse was assessed with the Drug Abuse Screening Tool and psychopathy with the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version. We also assessed nicotine dependence with the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence; alcohol use disorder, with the alcohol use disorder identification test; adverse traumatic life events, with the Life Events Checklist; and social support, with the Oslo 3-Item Social Support Scale. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed in bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models. Variables with a P value < 0.05 in the final fitted model were declared to be significantly associated with the outcome variable. Results The overall prevalence of lifetime khat use was 59.9%, and the prevalence of khat abuse in prisoners with psychopathy was 78.0%. Prisoners with psychopathy had a three times higher odds ratio of abusing khat than those without psychopathy (AOR = 3.00 [1.17–7.67]). Among the confounders, a family history of substance use (AOR = 2.50 [1.45–4.31]), poor support (AOR = 2.28 [1.11–4.67]), alcohol use disorder (AOR = 7.78 [4.16–14.53]), and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts (AOR = 2.26 [1.45–4.31]) were also positively associated with khat abuse. Conclusions The prevalence of khat abuse was higher in prisoners with possible or probable psychopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimenu Yitayih
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Matiwos Soboka
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Elias Tesfaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Mubarek Abera
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Almaz Mamaru
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Kristina Adorjan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), Medical Center of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Center for International Health, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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Olawa BD, Adebayo SO, Mokuolu BO, Umeh CS, Omolayo BO. Physical health burdens and emotional distress in later life: the mediating effects of self-rated health. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:15-21. [PMID: 30449143 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1506748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Physical health burdens have been shown to predict geriatric depression and anxiety, but there is scarce knowledge about the mechanism by which these occur. This study examined the extent to which self-rated health (SRH) mediated the associations between physical health burdens and anxiety/depression in a sample of 465 older adults between ages 60-93 residing in Ekiti State Senatorial Districts, Nigeria. The number of medical diagnoses and physical impairments significantly predicted both anxiety and depression. SRH was significantly and negatively associated with medical diagnoses, physical impairments, anxiety and depression. Furthermore, SRH was found to fully mediate the relationship between medical diagnoses and anxiety/depression. While a full mediation was found for SRH in the relationship between physical impairments and anxiety, a partial mediation was found between impairments and depression. Collectively, these results suggest that SRH may be a necessary link between physical health burdens and emotional distress at old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatola D Olawa
- Department of Psychology, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Oye, Nigeria
| | - Sulaimon O Adebayo
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Studies, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Bolade O Mokuolu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Studies, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Charles S Umeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Radevic S, Djonovic N, Mihailovic N, Vukomanovic IS, Janicijevic K, Sekulic M, Kocic S. Socio-Medical Aspects of Depression Among Elderly Adults in Serbia. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/sjecr-2017-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDepression is the most frequent mental health problem in older age with serious consequences on personal, interpersonal and social level. The aim of this study was to determine the association of demographic factors, socio-economic factors and health status characteristics, with the presence of depressive symptoms in the elderly persons. The survey was conducted as a part of the national study “Health Survey of the Serbian population” in 2013. Data on the population aged 65 years and over were used for the purposes of this study (3540 respondents). PHQ-8 questionnaire was used to assess the presence of symptoms of depression. The relations between the presence of depressive symptoms, as a dependent variable, and a set of independent variables was examined by univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Depression (PHQ-8 score≥10) was registered in 10% of the population aged 65 and above, wherein it was statistically significantly higher in women (12.7%) than in men (6.5%). Limitations in performing of daily activities showed to be the strongest predictor of depression in the elderly, while respondents who have had serious limitations had even six times more chanse to develop depression (OR=6.84). Respondents who rated their health as “bad or very bad” for 49.5% more frequently manifested depressive symptoms compared to those who evaluated their health as “very good or good” (OR=3.49). Respondents who have had two or more chronic diseases were three times more likely to have depression (OR=3.1) compared to people without chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Radevic
- Department of Social medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Nela Djonovic
- Department of Hygiene and ecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
- Institute of Public Health of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | | | - Ivana Simic Vukomanovic
- Department of Social medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
- Institute of Public Health of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Katarina Janicijevic
- Department of Social medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Marija Sekulic
- Department of Hygiene and ecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Sanja Kocic
- Department of Social medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
- Institute of Public Health of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
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Adraro W, Kerebih H, Tesema W, Abamecha F, Hailesilassie H. Nearly three in every five prisoners experience common mental disorders (CMDs) in Jimma correctional institution; south-West Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1559. [PMID: 31771547 PMCID: PMC6880342 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of people are currently suffering from some form of mental disorders. The prevalence of common disorders is twofold higher in prison than general population and the condition is found to be worst in African in general and Ethiopia in particular. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of common mental disorders and its correlates among prisoners in Jimma town correctional institution; Ethiopia. METHODS A cross sectional quantitative study was conducted enrolling 300 prisoners. The participants were recruited using systematic random sampling technique. The World health organization Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) scale; was adapted to assess prevalence of mental disorders. Data were collected on interviewer administered basis by trained personnel. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 for widows was used for data analysis. Multivariate logistic regression modelling was conducted to identify the independent predictors of common mental disorders. P-value less than 5% was considered to indicate significant associations. RESULTS The prevalence of common mental disorder was found to be 62.70, 95% CI; [57.30, 68.50]. Prisoners who had monthly income of 1500-3000birr, AOR = 3.30, 95% CI; [1.25, 8.69] and above 3000birr; AOR = 4.75, 95% CI; [1.57, 14.33], family history of mental illness; AOR = 6.14, 95% CI; [1.65, 22.79] and who ever used Khat; AOR = 4.33, 95% CI; [2.02, 9.27] were more likely to experience common mental disorders. Conversely; having some sort of work in prison; AOR = 0.25, 95% CI; [0.12, 0.54], perceived moderate social support; AOR = 0.094, 95% CI; [0.04-0.215] and perceived moderate strong; AOR = 0.025, 95% CI; [0.009, 0.07] were found to be protective factors. CONCLUSION Prevalence of common mental disorder was considerably high as nearly more than three in every five prisoner experience some form of the disorder. Early screening of prisoners up on their arrival, appropriate treatment and follow up should be done. Furthermore; creating prison based jobs that could bring prisoners together and encouraging positive relationships to build social supports as coping strategy is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasihun Adraro
- Department of clinical nursing, Mizan Aman College of Health Science, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Kerebih
- Department of psychiatry, School of Medicine, Collage of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Workinesh Tesema
- Department of psychiatry, College of Medical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Fira Abamecha
- Department of Health, Behaviour and Society, Faculty of Public Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Hailemariam Hailesilassie
- Department of psychiatry, College of Medical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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117
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Yitayih Y, Soboka M, Tesfaye E, Abera M, Mamaru A, Adorjan K. Trauma exposure and alcohol use disorder among prisoners in Jimma Zone correctional institution, Southwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:748. [PMID: 31744528 PMCID: PMC6862803 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Trauma exposure and alcohol use are closely related, and large proportion of trauma-exposed individuals use alcohol. The data presented in this paper were obtained as part of a study on substance use disorder and associated factors among prisoners in the correctional institution in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia. Therefore, in this study we examined comorbidity of traumatic life experiences and alcohol use disorder in inmates of correctional institution in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia. RESULTS The overall prevalence of lifetime alcohol use disorder was 40.1%, and the prevalence of alcohol use disorder among prisoners with lifetime trauma exposure was 44.0%. Participants with multiple trauma exposures had 2.5-fold higher odds of association for alcohol use disorder than their counterparts (AOR = 2.47 [1.23-4.94]). Living in urban areas (AOR = 4.86 [2.38-9.94]), presence of psychopathy (AOR = 3.33 [1.25-8.86]), khat abuse (AOR = 7.39 [3.99-13.68]), and nicotine dependence (AOR = 2.49 [1.16-5.34]) were also positively associated with alcohol use disorder. The prevalence of alcohol use disorder was higher among prisoners with lifetime trauma exposure. Also, this study indicates that prisoners with multiple trauma exposures had higher odds of association for alcohol use disorder than those with no trauma exposure. A public health intervention targeting survivors of traumatic experiences needs to be designed and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimenu Yitayih
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Matiwos Soboka
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Elias Tesfaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Mubarek Abera
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Almaz Mamaru
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Kristina Adorjan
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), Medical Center of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Departments of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for International Health, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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118
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Olawa BD, Omolayo BO, Azikiwe JC. Gender influence on loneliness and family and nonfamily support among older adults: The confounding role of widowhood. J Women Aging 2019; 33:268-287. [PMID: 31730398 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2019.1690370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Based on interviews with 465 community elders in Ekiti-State, Nigeria, this study addressed the questions: (a) Do older men and women differ in self-reported loneliness, family and nonfamily support?; and (b) If so, is this relationship maintained when controlling for widowhood, age, social-engagements, extroversion, and neuroticism? Three independent models were tested using one-way MANOVA and MANCOVA. Compared to males, females reported more loneliness and less family support. However, these outcomes became nonexistent after excluding widowhood. Gender maintained significance after excluding other covariates. The study buttresses the primary importance of widowhood in the gender differences found in later-life loneliness and family supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatola D Olawa
- Department of Psychology, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
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119
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Abadiga M. Magnitude and associated factors of postpartum depression among women in Nekemte town, East Wollega zone, west Ethiopia, 2019: A community-based study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224792. [PMID: 31721808 PMCID: PMC6853315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postpartum depression is a non-psychotic disorder that happens during the first 1year after childbirth. It affects both the mother’s health and child’s development and is given significant public health concern in developed countries. However, in developing countries including Ethiopia, postnatal care is mainly concerned with obstetric problems and the baby’s health, while the psychological well-being of the mother is given little attention. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of postpartum depression among women in Nekemte town, East Wollega zone, West Ethiopia, 2019. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 295 postnatal women, from May 15 to June 5, 2019, in Nekemte town. The study participants were selected by a simple random sampling method and interviewed using structured questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression was used to find the independent variables which are associated with postnatal depression. All associations between dependent and independent variables and statistical significance were measured using odds ratio at 95% confidence interval and p-value less than 0.05. Results From the total of 295 women sampled, 287 were participated in the study. Out of these 287 women participated, 20.9% had developed postnatal depression. Unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 7.84, 95% CI: 3.19, 19.26), Being first time mother (AOR = 4.99, 95% CI: 1.54, 16.09), History of previous depression (AOR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.06, 8.82), Domestic violence (AOR = 5.92, 95% CI: 2.44, 14.40), History of substance use (AOR = 3.95, 95% CI: 1.52, 10.30) and poor social support (AOR = 6.59, 95% CI: 2.25, 19.29) were significantly associated with postnatal depression. Conclusion In this study, the magnitude of postnatal depression was found moderate compared to other studies. Perinatal depression screening and intervention need to be integrated with maternal health care services, especially for mothers at risk of postnatal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muktar Abadiga
- School of Nursing and midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
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Lu J, Zhang C, Xue Y, Mao D, Zheng X, Wu S, Wang X. Moderating effect of social support on depression and health promoting lifestyle for Chinese empty nesters: A cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2019; 256:495-508. [PMID: 31271867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health promoting lifestyle (HPL) may be a facilitator for empty nesters' active aging against depression. Social support (SS) may improve their HPL. This study aimed to examine moderating effect of SS and its three sources of SS on relationship between depression and HPL among empty nesters. The compensating role of socioeconomic status (SES) for lack of SS was examined, too. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of empty nesters (n = 1593) was conducted in six districts of Taiyuan, China, using a stratified random cluster sampling method. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess moderation models by SS and its three sources. RESULTS The findings indicated that low depression (p < 0.001) and sufficient perceived SS (p < 0.001) could directly predict better HPL among empty nesters. The effect of SS on HPL declined with the raise of educational level (p < 0.001). Family support (β = 0.083, p < 0.001), friends support (β = 0.085, p < 0.001) and others support (β = 0.098, p < 0.001) expressed significant negative buffer effects on depression and HPL individually. LIMITATIONS There was a cross-sectional study that limited the moderating effect of SS on depression and HPL just for empty nesters in Taiyuan, China. The results cannot explain the causal relationships among the study variables. CONCLUSIONS SS might be a protective factor of empty nesters' health in China. Three sources of SS all showed moderating effect on the relationship between depression and HPL among empty nesters, and should be integrated to achieve maximum utility. Friends support/ others support could play complement role for lack of family support. SES expressed partial compensatory for lack of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Lu
- School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Chichen Zhang
- School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yaqing Xue
- School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Danhui Mao
- School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Shengnan Wu
- School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Odinka P, Odinka J, Ezeme M, Ndukuba A, Amadi K, Muomah R, Nwoha S, Nduanya U. Socio-demographic correlates of postpartum psychological distress among apparently healthy mothers in two tertiary hospitals in Enugu, South-East Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2019; 19:2515-2525. [PMID: 32127824 PMCID: PMC7040251 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i3.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression and anxiety could cause poor mother-infant relationship that could impair infant growth and cognitive development. Psychiatric assessment has not been part of periodic evaluations in postnatal clinics. Some apparently well, but high-risk mothers continue to live with psychological distress, without treatment to relieve their burden. OBJECTIVES The study assessed the prevalence of postpartum anxiety and depression, their co-morbidity, and socio-demographic predictors, within 6 - 14 weeks postpartum among nursing mothers in two tertiary hospitals in Enugu, South-East Nigeria. METHODS A cross-sectional study that was carried out at the postnatal and children's welfare clinics of two tertiary hospitals in Enugu, South-East Nigeria. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Social Support Scale and Socio-demographic Questionnaire were used for the study. Correlations and multiple regressions were used to test for associations and risk factors. RESULTS Occurrence rate for anxiety and depression were 30.1% and 33.3% respectively with a co-morbidity rate of 22%. Low social support and multigravida predicted risk factors for postpartum psychological distress, while a higher number of children alive predicted a decrease in the risk for postpartum psychological distress. CONCLUSION The study supports service planning and the development of strategies to reliably identify women at high-risk, for effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Odinka
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus
| | - Jaclyn Odinka
- Social Sciences Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria Nsukka
| | - Mark Ezeme
- Department of Psychiatry, ESUT Teaching Hospital (Parklane) Enugu
| | - Appolos Ndukuba
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus
| | - Kennedy Amadi
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus
| | - Rosemary Muomah
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus
| | - Stanley Nwoha
- Department of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi
| | - Ujunwa Nduanya
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu
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Bachem R, Baumann J, Köllner V. ICD-11 Adjustment Disorder among Organ Transplant Patients and Their Relatives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3030. [PMID: 31438589 PMCID: PMC6747135 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adjustment disorder (AD) is one of the most frequent mental health conditions after stressful life experiences in the medical setting. The diagnosis has been conceptually redefined in International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and now includes specific symptoms of preoccupations and failure to adapt. The current study assesses the prevalence of self-reported ICD-11 AD among organ transplantation patients and their relatives, explores the association of patients' demographic-, transplant-, and health-related characteristics and ICD-11 AD symptoms, and evaluates the role of social support in the post- transplant context. A total of N = 140 patient-relative dyads were examined cross-sectionally. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted to explore potential predictive factors of AD. The results revealed an AD prevalence of 10.7% among patients and 16.4% among relatives at an average of 13.5 years after the transplantation. The time that had passed since the transplantation was unrelated to AD symptom severity. Women tended to be at a higher risk in both groups. Somatic issues were predictive for AD only among patients and social support was predictive mainly among relatives. The results suggest that ICD-11 AD is a relevant diagnosis after organ transplantations for patients and relatives and its specific symptom clusters may provide important information for developing intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Bachem
- I-Core Research Center for Mass Trauma, Tel Aviv University, Chaim Levanon 30, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel-Aviv University, Chaim Levanon 30, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Jan Baumann
- Saarland University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Volker Köllner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rehabilitation Center Seehof, Federal German Pension Agency, 14513 Teltow, Germany
- Psychosomatic Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10098 Berlin, Germany
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Nehrig N, Shifrin M, Abraham K, Chen CK. The Benefits and Limitations of a Behavioral Intervention for Caregivers of Dementia Patients: A Qualitative Study. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ayalew M, Workicho A, Tesfaye E, Hailesilasie H, Abera M. Burden among caregivers of people with mental illness at Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2019; 18:10. [PMID: 31285750 PMCID: PMC6591984 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-019-0233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burden of caregivers of people with mental illness (PWMI) is considered to be a negative impact of the care provided by the family to the patient. However, little is known about the extent of the burden among caregivers of PWMI in Ethiopia. The aim of this study, therefore, is to assess the magnitude and associated factors of burden among caregivers of PWMI at Jimma University Medical Center, 2017. METHODS Institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed among 406 conveniently selected caregivers of PWMI and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Family burden interview schedule (FBIS) was used to assess burden of caregivers. Bivariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to determine the predictors of burden among caregivers. RESULTS Nearly two-thirds [264 (65.0%)] of the participants were male with a mean age of 38.45 ± 12.03 years. The mean score for burden among caregivers on family burden interview schedule was 23.00 ± 10.71. Age of the caregivers (β = 0.18, p < 0.001), being female caregiver (β = 2.68, p < 0.01), duration of contact hours with the patient per day (β = 0.74, p < 0.001), perceived stigma by the caregiver (β = 0.47, p < 0.001), and providing care for patients who had history of substance use in life (β = 1.52, p < 0.05) were positive predictors of higher burden among caregivers. Whereas, caregivers' income (β = 7.25, p < 0.001), caregivers who had no formal education (β = 4.65, p < 0.01), and caregivers' social support (β = 0.78, p < 0.001) were negatively associated with higher burden among caregiver. CONCLUSION Caregivers of people with mental illness experience enormous burden during providing care for their relatives with mental illness. Therefore, creating community awareness and targeted interventions in the area of treatment access, stigma, financial, and other social support for people with mental illness and their caregivers would help out to reduce these burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ayalew
- Department of Psychiatry Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Abdulhalik Workicho
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Elias Tesfaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | | | - Mubarek Abera
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Sampoon K, Posri N, Kittichotpanich B. Application of social dance exercise and social support program to improve quality of life for Thai older adults. JOURNAL OF HEALTH RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/jhr-08-2018-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to test the effectiveness of social dance exercise and social support program to improve quality of life (QOL) for older adults in Thailand.
Design/methodology/approach
A quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test research design was used. The participants were 102 older adults selected by systematic sampling technique. Participants were assigned using the matched-pair technique by age, physical fitness test by the Time up and Go test into intervention and control groups of 51 subjects each. Intervention was conducted for 12 weeks, three times weekly, to improve physical, psychosocial and spiritual domains leading to enhanced QOL as measured by the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL–BREF–THAI) assessment parameter. Data on QOL were collected before and after a 12-week training period.
Findings
Most adults were between 70 and 79 years old (67 percent). After program completion, before and after mean QOL scores for the intervention group at 60.15 and 95.82, respectively, were statistically significant with p-value<0.05. Post-program QOL shown by the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05).
Originality/value
Application of social dance exercise and social support program is an alternative to traditional methods to improve QOL and maintain functional capacity for older adults.
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Kaya UP, Caydam OD. Association between Social Support and Diabetes Burden among Elderly Patients with Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study from Turkey. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 7:86-92. [PMID: 31080388 PMCID: PMC6503691 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_44_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderly patients with diabetes receiving social support are likely to have better compliance with their disease self-care. However, no previous study from Turkey has assessed the effect of social support on diabetes burden among elderly patients. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the association between social support and disease burden among elderly patients with diabetes in Turkey. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 271 randomly selected elderly patients with diabetes who presented to the internal medicine and diabetes polyclinics of three state hospitals (Sindirgi State Hospital, Balikesir Ataturk State Hospital and Balikesir State Hospital) in Balikesir, Turkey, between April and November 2017. A single interviewer collected all data using a sociodemographic form, the Elderly Diabetes Burden Scale (EDBS) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Data were analyzed using arithmetic averages, percentages and Pearson's correlation. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 72 ± 5.2 (65-88) years, and most (53.6%) were females and lived with their family: spouse (58.3%), children (18.5%) or both (17.7%). The mean EDBS score was 35.21 ± 6.94 (25-69), and the mean MSPSS score was 67.81 ± 17.33 (12-112). A significant negative correlation was found between the mean total of both assessment tools (P < 0.05), indicating diabetes burden was higher among those with lower social support. A similar significant correlation was observed between symptom burden, social burden, burden of dietary restrictions, burden by tablets or insulin and the total EDBS score. CONCLUSION This study found that in Balikesir, Turkey, social support for elderly patients with diabetes was mostly provided by their families and that their diabetes burden decreased with increased social support levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummuhan Pinar Kaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sindirgi Balikesir State Hospital, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Ozden Dedeli Caydam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sindirgi Balikesir State Hospital, Balikesir, Turkey
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Osnes RS, Roaldset JO, Follestad T, Eberhard-Gran M. Insomnia late in pregnancy is associated with perinatal anxiety: A longitudinal cohort study. J Affect Disord 2019; 248:155-165. [PMID: 30735852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum anxiety (PPA) affects a substantial number of women. Despite increasing recognition of PPA, few studies have focused on perinatal anxiety and potential PPA triggers. Here we aimed to estimate the prevalence of perinatal anxiety disorders, and to explore the association between insomnia during late pregnancy and anxiety before and after childbirth. METHODS This study was part of the large population-based Akershus Birth Cohort. We analyzed data from the hospital's birth records and questionnaire responses from pregnancy weeks 17 and 32 and postpartum week 8 (n = 1563). Perinatal anxiety symptoms were measured using the Hopkins Symptom Check List. Anxiety disorder measurements were based on questions from the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Insomnia was measured using the Bergen Insomnia Scale. RESULTS Among perinatal women, 10% reported symptoms of at least one anxiety disorder. The observed prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder was higher after delivery (4.2%) than during pregnancy (2.5%). Multiple regression analysis, with adjustment for several psychosocial and reproductive variables, indicated that insomnia during pregnancy was significantly associated with postpartum anxiety symptoms. However, this association was markedly weakened when depression variables were included in the analysis, indicating that gestational insomnia may also be a marker for a mood disorder. LIMITATIONS Immigrant and single women were underrepresented in our sample. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that anxiety disorders are prevalent during the perinatal period. Moreover, insomnia during pregnancy is associated with perinatal anxiety. Health professionals should be aware that women with gestational insomnia may have an increased risk of mood and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rannveig S Osnes
- Department of Psychiatry, Ålesund Hospital, Møre & Romsdal Health Trust, Ålesund, Norway; Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - John Olav Roaldset
- Department of Psychiatry, Ålesund Hospital, Møre & Romsdal Health Trust, Ålesund, Norway; Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Turid Follestad
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Malin Eberhard-Gran
- HØKH, Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Lørenskog, Norway; Department for Infant Mental Health, Regional Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway, Oslo, Norway
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Jankowska MM, Sears DD, Natarajan L, Martinez E, Anderson CAM, Sallis JF, Matthews SA, Crist K, Dillon L, Johnson E, Barrera-Ng A, Full K, Godbole S, Kerr J. Protocol for a cross sectional study of cancer risk, environmental exposures and lifestyle behaviors in a diverse community sample: the Community of Mine study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:186. [PMID: 30760246 PMCID: PMC6375220 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical inactivity and unhealthy diet are modifiable behaviors that lead to several cancers. Biologically, these behaviors are linked to cancer through obesity-related insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Individual strategies to change physical activity and diet are often short lived with limited effects. Interventions are expected to be more successful when guided by multi-level frameworks that include environmental components for supporting lifestyle changes. Understanding the role of environment in the pathways between behavior and cancer can help identify what environmental conditions are needed for individual behavioral change approaches to be successful, and better recognize how environments may be fueling underlying racial and ethnic cancer disparities. Methods This cross-sectional study was designed to select participants (n = 602 adults, 40% Hispanic, in San Diego County) from a range of neighborhoods ensuring environmental variability in walkability and food access. Biomarkers measuring cancer risk were measured with fasting blood draw including insulin resistance (fasting plasma insulin and glucose levels), systemic inflammation (levels of CRP), and oxidative stress measured from urine samples. Objective physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep were measured by participants wearing a GT3X+ ActiGraph on the hip and wrist. Objective measures of locations were obtained through participants wearing a Qstarz Global Positioning System (GPS) device on the waist. Dietary measures were based on a 24-h food recall collected on two days (weekday and weekend). Environmental exposure will be calculated using static measures around the home and work, and dynamic measures of mobility derived from GPS traces. Associations of environment with physical activity, obesity, diet, and biomarkers will be measured using generalized estimating equation models. Discussion Our study is the largest study of objectively measured physical activity, dietary behaviors, environmental context/exposure, and cancer-related biomarkers in a Hispanic population. It is the first to perform high quality measures of physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, diet and locations in which these behaviors occur in relation to cancer-associated biomarkers including insulin resistance, inflammation, impaired lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress. Results will add to the evidence-base of how behaviors and the built environment interact to influence biomarkers that increase cancer risk. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02094170, 03/21/2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta M Jankowska
- Calit2/Qualcomm Institute, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Dorothy D Sears
- Nutrition, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Loki Natarajan
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,UCSD Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Elena Martinez
- UCSD Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Cheryl A M Anderson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - James F Sallis
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Stephen A Matthews
- Department of Sociology & Criminology, Department of Anthropology, Population Research Institute, Old Main, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Katie Crist
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Lindsay Dillon
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Eileen Johnson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Angelica Barrera-Ng
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kelsey Full
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Suneeta Godbole
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jacqueline Kerr
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,UCSD Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Agenagnew L, Mamaru A, Hailesilassie H, Mekuriaw B, Dawud B, Abdisa E, Tolosa D, Abera M, Soboka M, Kerebih H, Yeshigeta E, Tesfaye E. Disability among patients with mental illness in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia, 2017, communitybased crosssectional studyquestionnaire. JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jmhhb.jmhhb_42_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Lima L, Santos C, Bastos C, Guerra M, Martins MM, Costa P. Adaptation and validation of the Instrumental Expressive Social Support Scale in Portuguese older individuals. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2018; 26:e3096. [PMID: 30517583 PMCID: PMC6280181 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.2647.3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective to adapt and validate the Instrumental Expressive Social Support Scale (IESS) in a sample of older people. Method methodological study. The sample of 964 community-dwelling older people was randomly divided into two groups. The first group was used as a calibration sample to study the number of factors underlying social support through Principal Axis Factoring, and the second group as a validation sample to test the “best fit” model through Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Results exploratory Factor Analysis suggested a three-factor solution, which was confirmed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The factors were similar to those in the pre-existing dimensions of the original instrument and were named as Sense of control (α = 0.900), Financial support (α = 0.802), Familiar and socio-affective support (α = 0.778). Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed acceptable fit. The model’s goodness-of-fit indexes were satisfactory (χ2/df = 5.418; CFI = 0.903; NFI = 0.884; RMSEA = 0.098). The convergent validity was supported by associations between social support and medication adherence and positive affect. The discriminant validity was evidenced by association with negative affect. The reliability analysis showed high values of internal consistency. Conclusion the instrument proved to be a valid measure for the assessment of social support in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Lima
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Portugal
| | - Célia Santos
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Portugal
| | - Celeste Bastos
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Portugal
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Toru T, Chemir F, Anand S. Magnitude of postpartum depression and associated factors among women in Mizan Aman town, Bench Maji zone, Southwest Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:442. [PMID: 30428843 PMCID: PMC6237000 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-018-2072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first 12 months after childbirth may represent a high-risk time for depression. In Ethiopia there is a paucity of evidence about its magnitude and associated factors during that period. So, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of depression and associated factors among postpartum women in Mizan Aman town, Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia 2017. METHODS A community based cross- sectional study design was employed from March 15 to April 15, 2017. Four hundred sixty women were selected using multistage random sampling technique. Face to face interview were conducted using structured questionnaires and standardized scales. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was done to see crude association between each independent variable and outcome variable. Variables with p value < 0.25 in bivariate analysis were entered to multivariable logistic regression analysis to control for confounding. Adjusted odd ratios with 95%CI were calculated to identify independent predictors of postpartum depression. RESULT Four hundred fifty-six postpartum women participated in the study giving a response rate of 99%. The magnitude of postpartum depression among the study population was 102 (22.4%, 95% CI: 19.84-24.96). Postpartum depression is relatively higher in the first 6 weeks after birth. Postpartum depression is higher among mothers with age range between 18 and 23 years (aOR 3.89 95%CI: 1.53-9.90), unplanned pregnancy (aOR 3.35 95% CI: 1.701-6.58), child having sleeping problems (aOR 3.72 95%CI: 1.79-7.72), domestic violence (aOR 2.86 95%CI 1.72-8.79), unsatisfied marital relation (aOR 2.72 95% CI 1.32-5.62), poor social support (aOR 4.30 95% CI 1.79-10.30), history of previous depression (aOR 7.38 95% CI 3.12-17.35) and substance use (aOR 5.16 95% CI 2.52-10.60). CONCLUSION The magnitude of postpartum depression was high. This underlines health care planners' needs to incorporate screening strategies for depression following childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tigistu Toru
- Mizan Aman college of health science, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia.
| | - Fantaye Chemir
- School of nursing and midwifery, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Susan Anand
- School of nursing and midwifery, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Yitayih Y, Abera M, Tesfaye E, Mamaru A, Soboka M, Adorjan K. Substance use disorder and associated factors among prisoners in a correctional institution in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:314. [PMID: 30261864 PMCID: PMC6161458 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1901-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorder is an important public health problem and one of the major causes of disability worldwide. Substance use and criminal behavior are closely related and there is a significant association between substance misuse and crime, but little is known about substance use disorder among prisoners, in particular in low-income countries. Therefore, we investigated substance use disorder and associated factors in inmates of a correctional institution in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia. METHODS We used a cross-sectional study design to collect data from 336 prisoners from June 5 to July 5, 2017. Study participants were selected from the total of 1460 prisoners eligible for the study by a systematic random sampling technique, i.e., one participant was randomly selected from every four consecutive admissions in the registration book. Alcohol use disorder, nicotine dependence, khat abuse, cannabis use disorder, psychopathy, adverse traumatic life events, and social support were assessed. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed in bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models with the Statistical Package for Social Science version 21. Variables with a P value < 0.05 in the final fitting model were declared to be associated with the outcome variable. RESULTS The overall prevalence of substance use disorder was 55.9%. The prevalence of khat abuse was 41.9%; alcohol use disorder, 36.2%; nicotine dependence, 19.8%; and cannabis use disorder, 3.6%. Poor social support, living in urban areas, psychopathy, and a family history of substance use were positively associated with substance use disorder. CONCLUSIONS Substance use disorder is prevalent among prisoners. The increased morbidity and unpleasant psychosocial consequences associated with substance use disorder, together with our finding that 66.3% of prisoners with substance use disorder were interested in obtaining treatment, suggest a need to establish prison-based treatment in this correctional institution in Jimma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimenu Yitayih
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Mubarek Abera
- 0000 0001 2034 9160grid.411903.eDepartment of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Eliais Tesfaye
- 0000 0001 2034 9160grid.411903.eDepartment of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Almaz Mamaru
- 0000 0001 2034 9160grid.411903.eDepartment of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Matiwos Soboka
- 0000 0001 2034 9160grid.411903.eDepartment of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Kristina Adorjan
- 0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Center for International Health, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany ,0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany ,0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), Medical Center of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Domènech-Abella J, Perales J, Lara E, Moneta MV, Izquierdo A, Rico-Uribe LA, Mundó J, Haro JM. Sociodemographic Factors Associated With Changes in Successful Aging in Spain: A Follow-Up Study. J Aging Health 2018; 30:1244-1262. [PMID: 28621154 PMCID: PMC7237040 DOI: 10.1177/0898264317714327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Successful aging (SA) refers to maintaining well-being in old age. Several definitions or models of SA exist (biomedical, psychosocial, and mixed). We examined the longitudinal association between various SA models and sociodemographic factors, and analyzed the patterns of change within these models. METHOD This was a nationally representative follow-up in Spain including 3,625 individuals aged ≥50 years. Some 1,970 individuals were interviewed after 3 years. Linear regression models were used to analyze the survey data. RESULTS Age, sex, and occupation predicted SA in the biomedical model, while marital status, educational level, and urbanicity predicted SA in the psychosocial model. The remaining models included different sets of these predictors as significant. In the psychosocial model, individuals tended to improve over time but this was not the case in the biomedical model. CONCLUSION The biomedical and psychosocial components of SA need to be addressed specifically to achieve the best aging trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Domènech-Abella
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Perales
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - Elvira Lara
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Victoria Moneta
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
- Sant Joan de Déu Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Izquierdo
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Alejandra Rico-Uribe
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Josep Maria Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
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Nursing staff's responses to thematic content of patients' expressed worries: observing communication in home care visits. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:597. [PMID: 30075767 PMCID: PMC6091070 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to explore the thematic content of older persons’ expressed worries in home care visits, and how nursing staff respond to different thematic contents. Methods The study had a descriptive, observational design, including 195 audio-recorded Norwegian home care visits with 33 nursing staff and 48 older persons. In all, 638 patient cues/concerns (worries) and subsequent nursing staff’s responses were identified using Verona Coding Definitions of Emotional Sequences. A novel thematic coding scheme was used to label the thematic content of the cues/concerns. The nursing staff’s responses were grouped based on communicative function as emotion-focused, content-focused or ignoring/blocking the cue/concern. Group difference was analysed using Pearson’s chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, and adjusted residuals. Results The theme of worries was associated with elicitation of the cue/concern, either elicited by the nursing staff or spontaneously expressed by the patient (Chi-square, p< 0.001). “Ageing and bodily impairment” was the most common theme (66%) and was equally elicited by patients and nursing staff. Worries about “Relationships with others” (9%), “Health care-related issues” (15%) and “Life narratives and value issues” (9%) were mainly elicited by nursing staff. The nursing staff response was associated with the theme of worries (p˂0.001). For the sub-themes of “Ageing and bodily impairment”, Coping with existential challenges received more frequently emotion-focused responses (adjusted residuals: 3.2) and Expression of pain felt in the moment were more frequently ignored/blocked (adjusted residuals: 4.0, Fisher’s exact test, p< 0.001). For the sub-themes of “Relationships with others”, Being a burden more frequently received a content-focused response (adjusted residuals: 2.8), while Losing social ties more frequently received an emotion-focused response (adjusted residuals: 3.1, Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.009). Conclusion “Ageing and bodily impairment” was the most common theme and more frequently elicited by the older persons than other themes. Emotionally focused nursing staff responses were most common when addressing existential challenges and fear of losing social ties. Whereas nursing staff showed a tendency to ignore patients’ spontaneous expressions of pain. Further research should explore the influence of nursing staff’s responses on quality of care and patient satisfaction.
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Kocalevent RD, Berg L, Beutel ME, Hinz A, Zenger M, Härter M, Nater U, Brähler E. Social support in the general population: standardization of the Oslo social support scale (OSSS-3). BMC Psychol 2018; 6:31. [PMID: 30016997 PMCID: PMC6050647 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-018-0249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of the study were to generate normative data for the Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3) for different age groups for men and women and to further investigate the factor structure in the general population. METHODS Nationally representative face-to face household surveys were conducted in Germany in 2008 (n = 2524). RESULTS Normative data for the Oslo Social Support Scale were generated for men and women (52.3% female) and different age levels (mean age (SD) of 48.9 (18.3) years). Men had mean scores comparable to women (10.1 [SD = 2.3] vs. 10.2 [SD = 2.2]). The EFA resulted in a clear one-factor solution for the OSSS-3. CONCLUSIONS The normative data provide a framework for the interpretation and comparisons of social support with other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüya-Daniela Kocalevent
- Institute and Policlinic for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr, 52, W26, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of General Practice/Primary Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, W26, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Berg
- Institute and Policlinic for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr, 52, W26, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred E. Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Hinz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Zenger
- Faculty of Applied Human Studies, University of Applied Sciences Magdeburg and Stendal, Stendal, Germany
| | - Martin Härter
- Institute and Policlinic for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr, 52, W26, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Urs Nater
- Department of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Chao YY, Katigbak C, Zhang NJ, Dong X. Association Between Perceived Social Support and Depressive Symptoms Among Community-Dwelling Older Chinese Americans. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2018; 4:2333721418778194. [PMID: 30035199 PMCID: PMC6050614 DOI: 10.1177/2333721418778194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study examined the association between social support and depressive symptoms among U.S. Chinese older adults. Methods: Data were from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE) study. Independent variables were positive and negative perceived social support (PSS). Dependent variable was depressive symptoms. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: A total of participants were 3,157 Chinese older adults with the mean age of 72.8 years (range 60-105 years). After controlling for confounding factors, Chinese older adults with higher positive PSS were 12% (odds ratio [OR] = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.85, 0.92]) and 18% (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = [0.79, 0.86]) less likely to report mild and moderate-severe depressive symptoms, respectively, compared to reporting minimal depressive symptoms; On the contrary, Chinese older adults with higher negative PSS were 34% (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = [1.24, 1.46]) and 38% (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = [1.26, 1.52]) more likely to report mild and moderate-severe depressive symptoms, respectively. Discussion: The study findings corroborate previous research that social support is significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Our findings reinforce the importance of developing strategies to utilize positive social support and limit negative support in practice for the depressed older adults. Further studies should be conducted to better understand the associations between different dimensions of social support and depression among U.S. Chinese older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yu Chao
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - XinQi Dong
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Walking as a Mediator of the Relationship of Social Support With Vitality and Psychological Distress in Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act 2018; 26:430-437. [PMID: 28952855 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2017-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the mediating effect of walking on the relationship of social support with vitality and psychological distress. Data from a sample of 2,859 older adults were used. The older adults completed the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey vitality scale, the Global Health Questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and a social support attributes questionnaire. All social support variables were positively associated with vitality and negatively associated with psychological distress. Walking mediated the associations of appreciation for (3%) and frequency of (8%) social contacts, participation in group activities (19%), closeness from family and friends (8%), and concern from people around (6%) with vitality. Walking also mediated 33% of the association between participation in group activities and psychological distress. The main findings of this study suggest that participation in group activities, as part of social support, in later life is beneficial to improve older adults' vitality and reduces psychological distress, with walking being a strong mediator of these relationships.
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Li J, Erdt M, Chen L, Cao Y, Lee SQ, Theng YL. The Social Effects of Exergames on Older Adults: Systematic Review and Metric Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2018; 20:e10486. [PMID: 29954727 PMCID: PMC6043731 DOI: 10.2196/10486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, many studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of exergames on the social well-being of older adults. Objective The aim of this paper is to synthesize existing studies and provide an overall picture on the social effects of exergames on older adults. Methods A comprehensive literature search with inclusive criteria was conducted in major social science bibliographic databases. The characteristics of exergames, participants, methodology, as well as outcome measurements were extracted from the relevant studies included in the review. The bibliometric and altmetric outreach of the included studies were also investigated. Results A total of 10 studies were included in the review, with 8 studies having used the Nintendo Wii platform. Most of the studies recruited healthy older adults from local communities or senior activity centers. Three groups of social-related outcomes have been identified, including emotion-related, behavior-related, and attitude-related outcomes. A metric analysis has shown that the emotion-related and behavior-related outcomes received high attention from both the academic community and social media platforms. Conclusions Overall, the majority of exergame studies demonstrated promising results for enhanced social well-being, such as reduction of loneliness, increased social connection, and positive attitudes towards others. The paper also provided implications for health care researchers and exergame designers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Li
- Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Cities, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mojisola Erdt
- Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Cities, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luxi Chen
- Centre for Family and Population Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Cities, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shan-Qi Lee
- Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Cities, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yin-Leng Theng
- Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Cities, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Prisoners in Jimma Town Prison, South West Ethiopia. PSYCHIATRY JOURNAL 2018; 2018:5762608. [PMID: 30018974 PMCID: PMC6029452 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5762608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Mental disorder is one of the greatest challenges that current and future generations will face. Currently among all people suffering from depression, 85% of them live in low- and middle-income countries. Previous studies reported the global burden/prevalence of depression to be five to ten times higher among prisoners than the general population. However, the prevalence of depression among prisoners in our study area is not known. Objective This study therefore aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression among prisoners in Jimma town in 2017. Method A cross-sectional study design was employed on 332 prisoners selected by systematic random sampling method. Data was collected by a face to face interview using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) scale. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Result The study revealed that 41.9% (n = 139) of participants among prisoners had depression. Having family history of mental illness (AOR = 6.05, 95% CI = 2.6, 13.8), having chronic physical illness (AOR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.29, 6.41), having history of previous incarceration (AOR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.02, 10.64), lack of job in the prison (AOR = 4.96, 95% CI = 2.09, 11.8), lifetime alcohol use (AOR = 3.61, 95% CI = 1.8, 7.26), thinking life to be a difficult one after release from prison (AOR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.2, 3.6), having age between 21 and 25 years (AOR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.06, 3.89), and having poor social support (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.27, 3.82) had significant association with depression in the fully adjusted final regression model. Conclusion This study has shown that the prevalence of depression among prisoners was very high. Having family history of mental illness, having chronic physical illness, having previous incarceration, lack of job in prison, lifetime alcohol use, thinking life to be difficult one after release from prison, having age between 21 and 25 years old, and having poor social support were found to have an impact on the prevalence of depression.
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140
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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Suicide Ideation and Attempt among Adolescent High School Students in Dangila Town, Northwest Ethiopia. PSYCHIATRY JOURNAL 2018; 2018:7631453. [PMID: 29992132 PMCID: PMC6016154 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7631453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Suicide is a major public health problem and is common among adolescents worldwide. The true extent of the problem in Ethiopia is difficult to ascertain as suicides and suicidal behavior are significantly underreported and understudied. Objective We assessed the prevalence and factors associated with suicide ideation and suicide attempt among adolescent high school students in Dangila Town, Ethiopia. Methods This school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2015 in Dangila Town. Data were collected from adolescent high school students using pretested, self-administered Amharic-language questionnaire. We conducted bivariable and multivariable logistic regression to identify the independent factors associated with suicide ideation and attempt. Results A total of 573 of 603 sampled students participated in the study (95% response rate). The mean (±SD) age of the respondents was 17.52 (±0.97) years. The minimum and maximum ages were 15 and 19 years, respectively. The prevalence of suicide ideation and attempt was 22.5% and 16.2%, respectively. School absenteeism [AOR 4.30, 95% CI (2.03, 9.10)] and poor social support [AOR 5.58, 95% CI (2.25, 13.84)] were positively associated with suicide ideation. Poor social support [AOR 4.55, 95% CI (1.40, 14.77)] and being physically hurt [AOR 4.25, 95% CI (1.77, 10.20)] were positively associated with suicide attempt. Unlike previous studies of adolescents in low-income countries, we find no association between gender or alcohol use and suicidal thoughts or attempts. Conclusion This study revealed that at least one in five of the adolescents in our sample had experienced suicide ideation and one in six had attempted suicide. School absenteeism, poor social support, and experience of violence were identified as independent contributors to suicide ideation and attempt. These findings suggest a need for education policymakers to implement school-based behavioral therapy programs in collaboration with health institutions and programs to provide social support for vulnerable students.
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141
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Agarwal G, Brydges M. Effects of a community health promotion program on social factors in a vulnerable older adult population residing in social housing. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:95. [PMID: 29661136 PMCID: PMC5902999 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supporting older adults' health and wellbeing in the community is an important policy goal that can be supported by health promotion. Despite widespread acceptance of the biopsychosocial model of health and its relation to health, many health promotion programs fail to realize this model in program design. Further, there is limited evidence to support program design targeting social determinants of health such as social isolation or connectedness. To fill this gap, we aimed to understand older adult's experiences participating in cardiovascular health promotion program in a subsidized residential building to capture unintended 'spin-off' psychosocial effects. METHODS This study took a constructivist, ethnographic approach utilizing participant observation and semi-structured interviews with participants of the program to understand participant's lived experiences of a health promotion program. In total, we conducted eighty hours of field work and fifteen semi-structured interviews with participants of the program. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Four themes emerged. First, the health promotion program filled a perceived gap caused by a constrained and impersonal health care system. Secondly, the program connected older adults with resources and provided regular and secure access to health information and support. Third, for some residents, the program facilitated social relationships between older adults, leaving participants feeling more socially connected to other residents. Lastly, a paradox of loneliness emerged where older adults talked openly about feelings of loneliness, however not in relation to themselves, but rather regarding their peers. CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial aspects of health, such as loneliness, social connectedness, and social support may be of equal value as the physical health benefits to the older adults who participate in health promotion programs. Incorporating these elements into programming is a complex goal, and the complexity of targeting social determinants of health such as social loneliness or connectedness should not be under-estimated. Given the benefits of targeting social determinants of health, future research should be considered that measure both the objective and subjective aspects of social isolation, loneliness and connectedness in health promotion programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Agarwal
- Departments of Family Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Family Medicine Residency Program, McMaster University, David Braley Health Sciences Centre, 100 Main Street West, 5th Floor, Hamilton, ON L8P 1H6 Canada
- Department of Health, Aging and Society, McMaster University, 1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S, 4L8 Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S, 4L8 Canada
| | - Madison Brydges
- Department of Health, Aging and Society, McMaster University, 1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S, 4L8 Canada
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Richmond NL, Meyer ML, Hollowell AG, Isenberg EE, Domeier RM, Swor RA, Hendry PL, Peak DA, Rathlev NK, Jones JS, Lee DC, Jones CW, Platts-Mills TF. Social Support and Pain Outcomes After Trauma Exposure Among Older Adults: A Multicenter Longitudinal Study. Clin J Pain 2018; 34:366-374. [PMID: 28915155 PMCID: PMC5837905 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Certain forms of social support have been shown to improve pain-coping behaviors and pain outcomes in older adults with chronic pain, but little is known about the effect of social support on pain outcomes in older adults following trauma exposure. METHODS We analyzed data from a prospective longitudinal study of adults aged 65 years and older presenting to an emergency department after a motor vehicle collision (MVC) to characterize the relationship between perceived social support and MVC-related pain after trauma overall and by subgroups based on sex, depressive symptoms, and marital status. RESULTS In our sample (N=176), patients with low perceived social support had higher pain severity 6 weeks after MVC than patients with high perceived social support after adjustment for age, sex, race, and education (4.2 vs. 3.2, P=0.04). The protective effect of social support on pain severity at 6 weeks was more pronounced in men and in married individuals. Patients with low social support were less likely to receive an opioid prescription in the emergency department (15% vs. 32%, P=0.03), but there was no difference in opioid use at 6 weeks (22% vs. 20%, P=0.75). DISCUSSION Among older adults experiencing trauma, low perceived social support was associated with higher levels of pain at 6 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Robert M Domeier
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, St. Joseph Mercy Health System, Ann Arbor
| | - Robert A Swor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI
| | - Phyllis L Hendry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL
| | - David A Peak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Niels K Rathlev
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA
| | - Jeffrey S Jones
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Spectrum Health-Butterworth Campus, Grand Rapids, MI
| | - David C Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Evanston, IL
| | | | - Timothy F Platts-Mills
- Departments of Emergency Medicine
- Anesthesiology, UNC Division of Geriatrics and Center for Aging and Health, University of North Carolina
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143
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Vilar-Compte M, Giraldo-Rodríguez L, Ochoa-Laginas A, Gaitan-Rossi P. Association Between Depression and Elder Abuse and the Mediation of Social Support: A Cross-Sectional Study of Elder Females in Mexico City. J Aging Health 2018; 30:559-583. [PMID: 28553796 DOI: 10.1177/0898264316686432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the association between depression and elder abuse, and the mediation effect of social support among elder women in Mexico City. METHOD A total of 526 noninstitutionalized elder women, residing in Mexico City and attending public community centers were selected. Logistic regressions and structural equation models (SEM) were estimated. RESULTS One fifth of the elderly women were at risk of depression, one third suffered some type of abuse in the past 12 months, and 82% reported low social support. Logistic models confirmed that depression was statistically associated with elder abuse and vice versa (odds ratio [OR] = 1.97 and 1.96, respectively). In both models, social support significantly reduced the association between these variables leading to study these associations through SEM. This approach highlighted that social support buffers the association between depression and elder abuse. DISCUSSION Findings underline the relevance of programs and strategies targeted at increasing social support among urban older adults.
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144
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The impact of socioeconomic status on the association between biomedical and psychosocial well-being and all-cause mortality in older Spanish adults. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2018; 53:259-268. [PMID: 29322199 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1480-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this paper was to analyze the effect of biomedical and psychosocial well-being, based on distinct successful aging models (SA), on time to mortality, and determine whether this effect was modified by socioeconomic status (SES) in a nationally representative sample of older Spanish adults. METHODS Data were taken from a 3-year follow-up study with 2783 participants aged 50 or over. Vital status was ascertained using national registers or asking participants' relatives. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate the time to death by SES, and levels of biomedical and psychosocial SA. Cox proportional hazard regression models were conducted to explore interactions between SES and SA models while adjusting for gender, age, and marital status. RESULTS Lower levels of SES and biomedical and psychosocial SA were associated with low probability of survival. Only the interaction between SES and biomedical SA was significant. Biomedical SA impacted on mortality rates among individuals with low SES but not on those with medium or high SES, whereas psychosocial SA affected mortality regardless of SES. CONCLUSIONS Promoting equal access to health care system and improved psychosocial well-being could be a protective factor against premature mortality in older Spanish adults with low SES.
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145
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van Heumen MA, Hollander MH, van Pampus MG, van Dillen J, Stramrood CAI. Psychosocial Predictors of Postpartum Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Women With a Traumatic Childbirth Experience. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:348. [PMID: 30108530 PMCID: PMC6079202 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the predictive value of antepartum vulnerability factors, such as social support, coping, history of psychiatric disease, and fear of childbirth, and intrapartum events on the development of symptoms of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder (PP-PTSD) in women with a traumatic childbirth experience. Materials and methods: Women with at least one self-reported traumatic childbirth experience in or after 2005 were invited to participate through various social media platforms in March 2016. They completed a 35-item questionnaire including validated screening instruments for PTSD (PTSD Symptom Checklist, PCL-5), social support (Oslo social support scale, OSS-3), and coping (Antonovsky's sense of coherence scale, SoC). Results: Of the 1,599 women who completed the questionnaire, 17.4% met the diagnostic criteria for current PTSD according to the DSM-5, and another 26.0% recognized the symptoms from a previous period, related to giving birth. Twenty-six percent of the participating women had received one or more psychiatric diagnoses at some point in their life, and five percent of all women had been diagnosed with PTSD prior to their traumatic childbirth experience. Women with poor (OR = 15.320, CI = 8.001-29.336), or moderate (OR = 3.208, CI = 1.625-6.333) coping skills were more likely to report PP-PTSD symptoms than women with good coping skills. Low social support was significantly predictive for current PP-PTSD symptoms compared to high social support (OR = 5.557, CI = 2.967-7.785). A predictive model which could differentiate between women fulfilling vs. not fulfilling the symptom criteria for PTSD had a sensitivity of 80.8% and specificity of 62.6% with an accuracy of 66.5%. Conclusions: Low social support, poor coping, experiencing "threatened death" and experiencing "actual or threatened injury to the baby" were the four significant factors in the predictive model for women with a traumatic childbirth experience to be at risk of developing PP-PTSD. Further research should investigate the effects of interventions aimed at the prevention of PP-PTSD by strengthening coping skills and increasing social support, especially in women at increased risk of unfavorable obstetrical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A van Heumen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Martine H Hollander
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Maria G van Pampus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Dillen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Claire A I Stramrood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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146
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Vilar-Compte M, Gaitán-Rossi P. Syndemics of Severity and Frequency of Elder Abuse: A Cross-Sectional Study in Mexican Older Females. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:599. [PMID: 30618852 PMCID: PMC6305294 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Elder abuse is a common phenomenon with important effects on the health and well-being of older adults. There are important gaps in elder abuse measurement, as it is usually reported as the absence or presence of elder abuse, disregarding its severity and frequency. Objectives: Identify different ways of measuring severity and frequency of elder abuse and assess whether different experiences of severity and frequency suggest syndemic relationships. Methods: Through a sample of 534 non-institutionalized Mexican older women, we assessed how severity (i.e., number of abusive experiences and number of types of abuses) and frequency (i.e., if abusive experiences had happened few or many times) correlate among them. For each of these measures we estimated a multinomial model to examine associations with social support, functional impairments, socioeconomic status, food insecurity, depression, and comorbidities, while controlling for key socio-demographic variables. Results: 30.5% of the older women reported psychological abuse, 8.2% financial exploitation, 5.1% caregiver neglect, 3.5% physical abuse, and 1.2% sexual abuse. In terms of frequency, 77.8% of the women self-reported having never been abused or only once in the last 12 months, whereas 13.1% reported abusive experiences repeating few times, and 9.9% repeating many times. In terms of severity, 66.7% of the older women had not been abused, 22.3% had suffered one type of abuse, and 11.1% two or more. Similarly, 15.0% reported one abusive experience, 8.1% two, and 10.3% three or more abusive events during the last 12 months. Severity measures showed similar associations: social support and high socioeconomic level as protective factors among those with less severe abuse, whereas increased depression, food insecurity and functional impairments were associated with more severe experiences of elder abuse. Frequency followed a different pattern, depressive symptoms were significantly associated with those with few experiences (compared to those with none or once), while functional impairments were associated with many experiences of elder abuse. Conclusions: It is relevant to assess elder abuse through its severity and frequency as inter-individual variability and the complexity of the experience shows different determinants suggesting a syndemic approach. This has important clinical and policy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireya Vilar-Compte
- EQUIDE Research Institute for Equitable Development, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Gaitán-Rossi
- EQUIDE Research Institute for Equitable Development, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
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Backe IF, Patil GG, Nes RB, Clench-Aas J. The relationship between physical functional limitations, and psychological distress: Considering a possible mediating role of pain, social support and sense of mastery. SSM Popul Health 2017; 4:153-163. [PMID: 29349284 PMCID: PMC5769123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine associations between selected physical functional limitations related to performing daily activities and psychological distress. We also aimed to investigate if these associations vary across age (moderation), and to explore pain, sense of mastery and social support as potential moderators and mediators. The study was based on pooled data from two rounds (2008 and 2012) of a Norwegian nationally representative cross-sectional health survey (N = 8520) including individuals aged ≥ 16 years (Age groups = 16-44 and ≥ 45 years). Physical functional limitations comprised decreased ability to: i) climb stairs, ii) carry objects, or iii) both. Psychological distress was measured as anxiety and depressive symptoms occurring separately or in combination (CAD). Of respondents reporting physical functional limitations, 8-14% reported depressive symptoms, 5-7% anxiety symptoms, and 13-28% reported CAD. Physical functional limitations were significantly associated with all three forms of psychological distress, particularly among individuals 16-44 years, and were more strongly related to CAD than to anxiety or depression occurring separately. The association with CAD was twice as strong when both types of physical functional limitations were present. Pain, sense of mastery and social support were significant modifiers of depression, whereas all three were significant mediators of the relationship between physical functional limitations and anxiety, depression and CAD. Sense of mastery mediated the relationship between physical functional limitations and CAD, but most strongly among those 16-44 years. Social support was only a significant mediator among those [Formula: see text] 45 years. Close associations between physical functional limitations and psychological distress highlight special needs among individuals experiencing daily functional limitations. The results also suggest that pain, low social support, and low sense of mastery may contribute to aggravate psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Flåten Backe
- Department of Public Health Science, Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Grete Grindal Patil
- Department of Public Health Science, Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Bang Nes
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Jocelyne Clench-Aas
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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148
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Cheong EV, Sinnott C, Dahly D, Kearney PM. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and later-life depression: perceived social support as a potential protective factor. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013228. [PMID: 28864684 PMCID: PMC5588961 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and later-life depressive symptoms; and to explore whether perceived social support (PSS) moderates these. METHOD We analysed baseline data from the Mitchelstown (Ireland) 2010-2011 cohort of 2047 men and women aged 50-69 years. Self-reported measures included ACEs (Centre for Disease Control ACE questionnaire), PSS (Oslo Social Support Scale) and depressive symptoms (CES-D). The primary exposure was self-report of at least one ACE. We also investigated the effects of ACE exposure by ACE scores and ACE subtypes abuse, neglect and household dysfunction. Associations between each of these exposures and depressive symptoms were estimated using logistic regression, adjusted for socio-demographic factors. We tested whether the estimated associations varied across levels of PSS (poor, moderate and strong). RESULTS 23.7% of participants reported at least one ACE (95% CI 21.9% to 25.6%). ACE exposures (overall, subtype or ACE scores) were associated with a higher odds of depressive symptoms, but only among individuals with poor PSS. Exposure to any ACE (vs none) was associated with almost three times the odds of depressive symptoms (adjusted OR 2.85; 95% CI 1.64 to 4.95) among individuals reporting poor PSS, while among those reporting moderate and strong PSS, the adjusted ORs were 2.21 (95% CI 1.52 to 3.22) and 1.39 (95% CI 0.85 to 2.29), respectively. This pattern of results was similar when exposures were based on ACE subtype and ACE scores, though the interaction was clearly strongest among those reporting abuse. CONCLUSIONS ACEs are common among older adults in Ireland and are associated with higher odds of later-life depressive symptoms, particularly among those with poor PSS. Interventions that enhance social support, or possibly perceptions of social support, may help reduce the burden of depression in older populations with ACE exposure, particularly in those reporting abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Von Cheong
- School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Carol Sinnott
- Department of General Practice, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Darren Dahly
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Patricia M Kearney
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Worry in Head and Neck Cancer Caregivers: The Role of Survivor Factors, Care-Related Stressors, and Loneliness in Predicting Fear of Recurrence. Nurs Res 2017; 66:295-303. [PMID: 28654567 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fear of recurrence (FOR) is a primary concern for both cancer survivors and their caregivers, yet little is known about what care-related factors exacerbate this worry. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to establish the role of care-related stressors-as distinct from survivor characteristics-in predicting FOR in head and neck cancer caregivers. METHODS HNC survivor-caregiver dyads took part in a mailed survey. Survivors provided information on health and quality of life (using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Questionnaire). Caregivers provided sociodemographic information, impact of caring on their time and finances, as well as their level of social support (Oslo Support Scale), loneliness (3-point loneliness scale), and completed the Worry of Cancer Scale (to measure FOR). RESULTS Data from 180 dyads were available for analysis. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the role of caregiver stressors, social support, and loneliness while controlling for caregiver and survivor characteristics. The model explained 28% of the variance in Worry of Cancer scores (FOR). Caregivers who reported more loneliness, spent more time caring, and had greater financial stress from caring had higher scores on Worry of Cancer (FOR). Female caregivers, those caring for younger survivors, and those with survivors who had undergone less extensive forms of surgery also reported higher FOR. DISCUSSION A combination of factors place caregivers at greater risk of cancer-related worry, paving the way for designing interventions aimed at reducing FOR in caregivers of patients with head and neck cancers.
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150
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Zamani-Alavijeh F, Dehkordi FR, Shahry P. Perceived social support among students of medical sciences. Electron Physician 2017; 9:4479-4488. [PMID: 28848620 PMCID: PMC5557125 DOI: 10.19082/4479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social support is emotional and instrumental assistance from family, friends or neighbors, and has an important but different impact on individuals, mainly depending on contextual factors. OBJECTIVE To determine the status of perceived social support and related personal and family characteristics of medical sciences students in Ahvaz, Iran. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the target population included the students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in the second semester of 2013-2014, of whom 763 were selected by cluster random sampling method. The study tool was a two-part questionnaire containing 48 self-administered questions including 25 questions of measurements of personal and family characteristics and a Persian modified version of Vaux's social support scale (Cronbach's α=0.745). Data were analyzed with T test, ANOVA and chi-square and using SPSS version 16 and 0.05 was considered as the level of significance. RESULTS The mean score of the perceived social support was 17.06±3.6 and 60.3% of them reported low social support. There was a significant relationship among the perceived social support and sex (p=0.02), faculty (p<0.0001), ethnicity (p=0.034) and the duration of weekly residence in dormitory (p=0.031). But no significant relationship was found between this variable and other individual and familial characteristics. CONCLUSION Based on students' low social support and importance of social support in reducing stress and academic failure, the planners need to provide efficient supportive interventions for students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freshteh Zamani-Alavijeh
- Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan
| | - Fatemeh Raeesi Dehkordi
- Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Health Education and Promotion, Student Research Center, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvin Shahry
- M.Sc., Lecturer, Faculty of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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