101
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Linearized texture of three-dimensional extracellular matrix is mandatory for bladder cancer cell invasion. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36128. [PMID: 27779205 PMCID: PMC5078769 DOI: 10.1038/srep36128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the fields of biomaterials and tissue engineering simulating the native microenvironment is of utmost importance. As a major component of the microenvironment, the extracellular matrix (ECM) contributes to tissue homeostasis, whereas modifications of native features are associated with pathological conditions. Furthermore, three-dimensional (3D) geometry is an important feature of synthetic scaffolds favoring cell stemness, maintenance and differentiation. We analyzed the 3D structure, geometrical measurements and anisotropy of the ECM isolated from (i) human bladder mucosa (basal lamina and lamina propria) and muscularis propria; and, (ii) bladder carcinoma (BC). Next, binding and invasion of bladder metastatic cell line was observed on synthetic scaffold recapitulating anisotropy of tumoral ECM, but not on scaffold with disorganized texture typical of non-neoplastic lamina propria. This study provided information regarding the ultrastructure and geometry of healthy human bladder and BC ECMs. Likewise, using synthetic scaffolds we identified linearization of the texture as a mandatory feature for BC cell invasion. Integrating microstructure and geometry with biochemical and mechanical factors could support the development of an innovative synthetic bladder substitute or a tumoral scaffold predictive of chemotherapy outcomes.
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102
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Wen B, Campbell KR, Tilbury K, Nadiarnykh O, Brewer MA, Patankar M, Singh V, Eliceiri KW, Campagnola PJ. 3D texture analysis for classification of second harmonic generation images of human ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35734. [PMID: 27767180 PMCID: PMC5073303 DOI: 10.1038/srep35734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Remodeling of the collagen architecture in the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been implicated in ovarian cancer. To quantify these alterations we implemented a form of 3D texture analysis to delineate the fibrillar morphology observed in 3D Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy image data of normal (1) and high risk (2) ovarian stroma, benign ovarian tumors (3), low grade (4) and high grade (5) serous tumors, and endometrioid tumors (6). We developed a tailored set of 3D filters which extract textural features in the 3D image sets to build (or learn) statistical models of each tissue class. By applying k-nearest neighbor classification using these learned models, we achieved 83–91% accuracies for the six classes. The 3D method outperformed the analogous 2D classification on the same tissues, where we suggest this is due the increased information content. This classification based on ECM structural changes will complement conventional classification based on genetic profiles and can serve as an additional biomarker. Moreover, the texture analysis algorithm is quite general, as it does not rely on single morphological metrics such as fiber alignment, length, and width but their combined convolution with a customizable basis set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Wen
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Kirby R Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Karissa Tilbury
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Oleg Nadiarnykh
- VU Medical Center, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Molly A Brewer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Manish Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Vikas Singh
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Paul J Campagnola
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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103
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Spicer GLC, Azarin SM, Yi J, Young ST, Ellis R, Bauer GM, Shea LD, Backman V. Detection of extracellular matrix modification in cancer models with inverse spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:6892-6904. [PMID: 27618507 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/19/6892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In cancer biology, there has been a recent effort to understand tumor formation in the context of the tissue microenvironment. In particular, recent progress has explored the mechanisms behind how changes in the cell-extracellular matrix ensemble influence progression of the disease. The extensive use of in vitro tissue culture models in simulant matrix has proven effective at studying such interactions, but modalities for non-invasively quantifying aspects of these systems are scant. We present the novel application of an imaging technique, Inverse Spectroscopic Optical Coherence Tomography, for the non-destructive measurement of in vitro biological samples during matrix remodeling. Our findings indicate that the nanoscale-sensitive mass density correlation shape factor D of cancer cells increases in response to a more crosslinked matrix. We present a facile technique for the non-invasive, quantitative study of the micro- and nano-scale structure of the extracellular matrix and its host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham L C Spicer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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104
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Drifka CR, Loeffler AG, Mathewson K, Mehta G, Keikhosravi A, Liu Y, Lemancik S, Ricke WA, Weber SM, Kao WJ, Eliceiri KW. Comparison of Picrosirius Red Staining With Second Harmonic Generation Imaging for the Quantification of Clinically Relevant Collagen Fiber Features in Histopathology Samples. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 64:519-29. [PMID: 27449741 DOI: 10.1369/0022155416659249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal collagen alignment has been shown to have clinical significance in a variety of cancers and in other diseases accompanied by fibrosis. While much of the biological and clinical importance of collagen changes has been demonstrated using second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging in experimental settings, implementation into routine clinical pathology practice is currently prohibitive. To translate the assessment of collagen organization into routine pathology workflow, a surrogate visualization method needs to be examined. The objective of the present study was to quantitatively compare collagen metrics generated from SHG microscopy and commonly available picrosirius red stain with standard polarization microscopy (PSR-POL). Each technique was quantitatively compared with established image segmentation and fiber tracking algorithms using human pancreatic cancer as a model, which is characterized by a pronounced stroma with reorganized collagen fibers. Importantly, PSR-POL produced similar quantitative trends for most collagen metrics in benign and cancerous tissues as measured by SHG. We found it notable that PSR-POL detects higher fiber counts, alignment, length, straightness, and width compared with SHG imaging but still correlates well with SHG results. PSR-POL may provide sufficient and additional information in a conventional clinical pathology laboratory for certain types of collagen quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole R Drifka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (CRD, AK, WJK, KWE),Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (LOCI) (CRD, KM, GM, AK, YL, WJK, KWE),,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin (CRD, KWE)
| | - Agnes G Loeffler
- Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (AGL),University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin (AGL, WAR, SMW, WJK, KWE)
| | - Kara Mathewson
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (LOCI) (CRD, KM, GM, AK, YL, WJK, KWE)
| | - Guneet Mehta
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (LOCI) (CRD, KM, GM, AK, YL, WJK, KWE)
| | - Adib Keikhosravi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (CRD, AK, WJK, KWE),Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (LOCI) (CRD, KM, GM, AK, YL, WJK, KWE)
| | - Yuming Liu
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (LOCI) (CRD, KM, GM, AK, YL, WJK, KWE)
| | - Stephanie Lemancik
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (SL, WAR)
| | - William A Ricke
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (SL, WAR),George M. O'Brien Research Center of Excellence, Madison, Wisconsin (WAR),University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin (AGL, WAR, SMW, WJK, KWE)
| | - Sharon M Weber
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (SMW, WJK),University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin (AGL, WAR, SMW, WJK, KWE)
| | - W John Kao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (CRD, AK, WJK, KWE),Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (LOCI) (CRD, KM, GM, AK, YL, WJK, KWE),,Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (SMW, WJK),University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin (AGL, WAR, SMW, WJK, KWE)
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (CRD, AK, WJK, KWE),Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (LOCI) (CRD, KM, GM, AK, YL, WJK, KWE),,University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin (AGL, WAR, SMW, WJK, KWE),Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin (CRD, KWE)
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105
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Giannios P, Toutouzas KG, Matiatou M, Stasinos K, Konstadoulakis MM, Zografos GC, Moutzouris K. Visible to near-infrared refractive properties of freshly-excised human-liver tissues: marking hepatic malignancies. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27910. [PMID: 27297034 PMCID: PMC4906272 DOI: 10.1038/srep27910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The refractive index is an optical constant that plays a significant role in the description of light-matter interactions. When it comes to biological media, refraction is understudied despite recent advances in the field of bio-optics. In the present article, we report on the measurement of the refractive properties of freshly excised healthy and cancerous human liver samples, by use of a prism-coupling technique covering the visible and near-infrared spectral range. Novel data on the wavelength-dependent complex refractive index of human liver tissues are presented. The magnitude of the real and imaginary part of the refractive index is correlated with hepatic pathology. Notably, the real index contrast is pointed out as a marker of discrimination between normal liver tissue and hepatic metastases. In view of the current progress in optical biosensor technologies, our findings may be exploited for the development of novel surgical and endoscopic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Giannios
- Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Materials, Department of Electronic Engineering, Technological Educational Institution of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos G Toutouzas
- First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Matiatou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Stasinos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Manousos M Konstadoulakis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - George C Zografos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Moutzouris
- Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Materials, Department of Electronic Engineering, Technological Educational Institution of Athens, Athens, Greece
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106
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Cherkezyan L, Zhang D, Subramanian H, Taflove A, Backman V. Reconstruction of explicit structural properties at the nanoscale via spectroscopic microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:25007. [PMID: 26886803 PMCID: PMC4756051 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.2.025007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The spectrum registered by a reflected-light bright-field spectroscopic microscope (SM) can quantify the microscopically indiscernible, deeply subdiffractional length scales within samples such as biological cells and tissues. Nevertheless, quantification of biological specimens via any optical measures most often reveals ambiguous information about the specific structural properties within the studied samples. Thus, optical quantification remains nonintuitive to users from the diverse fields of technique application. In this work, we demonstrate that the SM signal can be analyzed to reconstruct explicit physical measures of internal structure within label-free, weakly scattering samples: characteristic length scale and the amplitude of spatial refractive-index (RI) fluctuations. We present and validate the reconstruction algorithm via finite-difference time-domain solutions of Maxwell's equations on an example of exponential spatial correlation of RI. We apply the validated algorithm to experimentally measure structural properties within isolated cells from two genetic variants of HT29 colon cancer cell line as well as within a prostate tissue biopsy section. The presented methodology can lead to the development of novel biophotonics techniques that create two-dimensional maps of explicit structural properties within biomaterials: the characteristic size of macromolecular complexes and the variance of local mass density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusik Cherkezyan
- Northwestern University, Technological Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, E310, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Di Zhang
- Northwestern University, Technological Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, E310, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hariharan Subramanian
- Northwestern University, Technological Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, E310, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Allen Taflove
- Northwestern University, Technological Institute, Department of Electrical Engineering, L359, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vadim Backman
- Northwestern University, Technological Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, E310, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Vadim Backman, E-mail:
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107
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Abstract
Much progress in understanding cell migration has been determined by using classic two-dimensional (2D) tissue culture platforms. However, increasingly, it is appreciated that certain properties of cell migration
in vivo are not represented by strictly 2D assays. There is much interest in creating relevant three-dimensional (3D) culture environments and engineered platforms to better represent features of the extracellular matrix and stromal microenvironment that are not captured in 2D platforms. Important to this goal is a solid understanding of the features of the extracellular matrix—composition, stiffness, topography, and alignment—in different tissues and disease states and the development of means to capture these features
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Keely
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, UW Carbone Cancer Center, UW School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amrinder Nain
- 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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108
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Burke K, Smid M, Dawes RP, Timmermans MA, Salzman P, van Deurzen CHM, Beer DG, Foekens JA, Brown E. Using second harmonic generation to predict patient outcome in solid tumors. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:929. [PMID: 26603532 PMCID: PMC4659155 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over-treatment of estrogen receptor positive (ER+), lymph node-negative (LNN) breast cancer patients with chemotherapy is a pressing clinical problem that can be addressed by improving techniques to predict tumor metastatic potential. Here we demonstrate that analysis of second harmonic generation (SHG) emission direction in primary tumor biopsies can provide prognostic information about the metastatic outcome of ER+, LNN breast cancer, as well as stage 1 colorectal adenocarcinoma. METHODS SHG is an optical signal produced by fibrillar collagen. The ratio of the forward-to-backward emitted SHG signals (F/B) is sensitive to changes in structure of individual collagen fibers. F/B from excised primary tumor tissue was measured in a retrospective study of LNN breast cancer patients who had received no adjuvant systemic therapy and related to metastasis-free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS) rates. In addition, F/B was studied for its association with the length of progression-free survival (PFS) in a subgroup of ER+ patients who received tamoxifen as first-line treatment for recurrent disease, and for its relation with OS in stage I colorectal and stage 1 lung adenocarcinoma patients. RESULTS In 125 ER+, but not in 96 ER-negative (ER-), LNN breast cancer patients an increased F/B was significantly associated with a favorable MFS and OS (log rank trend for MFS: p = 0.004 and for OS: p = 0.03). On the other hand, an increased F/B was associated with shorter PFS in 60 ER+ recurrent breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen (log rank trend p = 0.02). In stage I colorectal adenocarcinoma, an increased F/B was significantly related to poor OS (log rank trend p = 0.03), however this relationship was not statistically significant in stage I lung adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION Within ER+, LNN breast cancer specimens the F/B can stratify patients based upon their potential for tumor aggressiveness. This offers a "matrix-focused" method to predict metastatic outcome that is complementary to genomic "cell-focused" methods. In combination, this and other methods may contribute to improved metastatic prediction, and hence may help to reduce patient over-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Burke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 207 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Box 270168, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
| | - M Smid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - R P Dawes
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - M A Timmermans
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - P Salzman
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - C H M van Deurzen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - David G Beer
- Departments of Surgery and Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - J A Foekens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - E Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 207 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Box 270168, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA. .,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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109
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Drifka CR, Tod J, Loeffler AG, Liu Y, Thomas GJ, Eliceiri KW, Kao WJ. Periductal stromal collagen topology of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma differs from that of normal and chronic pancreatitis. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:1470-80. [PMID: 26336888 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2015.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma continues to be one of the most difficult diseases to manage with one of the highest cancer mortality rates. This is due to several factors including nonspecific symptomatology and subsequent diagnosis at an advanced stage, aggressive metastatic behavior that is incompletely understood, and limited response to current therapeutic regimens. As in other cancers, there is great interest in studying the role of the tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and whether components of this environment could serve as research and therapeutic targets. In particular, attention has turned toward the desmoplastic collagen-rich pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma stroma for both biological and clinical insight. In this study, we used quantitative second harmonic generation microscopy to investigate stromal collagen organization and structure in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma pathology tissues compared with non-neoplastic tissues. Collagen topology was characterized in whole-tissue microarray cores and at specific pathology-annotated epithelial-stroma interfaces representing 241 and 117 patients, respectively. We quantitatively demonstrate that a unique collagen topology exists in the periductal pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma stroma. Specifically, collagen around malignant ducts shows increased alignment, length, and width compared with normal ducts and benign ducts in a chronic pancreatitis background. These findings indicate that second harmonic generation imaging can provide quantitative information about fibrosis that complements traditional histopathologic insights and can serve as a rich field for investigation into pathogenic and clinical implications of reorganized collagen as a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma disease marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole R Drifka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jo Tod
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Agnes G Loeffler
- Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yuming Liu
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gareth J Thomas
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - W John Kao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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110
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Azarin SM, Yi J, Gower RM, Aguado BA, Sullivan ME, Goodman AG, Jiang EJ, Rao SS, Ren Y, Tucker SL, Backman V, Jeruss JS, Shea LD. In vivo capture and label-free detection of early metastatic cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8094. [PMID: 26348915 PMCID: PMC4563812 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death for women, with mortality resulting from metastasis. Metastases are often detected once tumor cells affect the function of solid organs, with a high disease burden limiting effective treatment. Here we report a method for the early detection of metastasis using an implanted scaffold to recruit and capture metastatic cells in vivo, which achieves high cell densities and reduces the tumor burden within solid organs 10-fold. Recruitment is associated with infiltration of immune cells, which include Gr1hiCD11b+ cells. We identify metastatic cells in the scaffold through a label-free detection system using inverse-spectroscopic optical coherence tomography, which identifies changes to nanoscale tissue architecture associated with the presence of tumor cells. For patients at risk of recurrence, scaffold implantation following completion of primary therapy has the potential to identify metastatic disease at the earliest stage, enabling initiation of therapy while the disease burden is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira M Azarin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Ji Yi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Robert M Gower
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Brian A Aguado
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Megan E Sullivan
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Ashley G Goodman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Eric J Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Shreyas S Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Yinying Ren
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Susan L Tucker
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Vadim Backman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.,Chemistry of Life Processes Institute (CLP), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.,The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Jacqueline S Jeruss
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.,Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine (IBNAM), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA
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111
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Peralta L, Mourier E, Richard C, Charpigny G, Larcher T, Aït-Belkacem D, Balla NK, Brasselet S, Tanter M, Muller M, Chavatte-Palmer P. In Vivo Evaluation of Cervical Stiffness Evolution during Induced Ripening Using Shear Wave Elastography, Histology and 2 Photon Excitation Microscopy: Insight from an Animal Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133377. [PMID: 26317774 PMCID: PMC4552804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prematurity affects 11% of the births and is the main cause of infant mortality. On the opposite case, the failure of induction of parturition in the case of delayed spontaneous birth is associated with fetal suffering. Both conditions are associated with precocious and/or delayed cervical ripening. Quantitative and objective information about the temporal evolution of the cervical ripening may provide a complementary method to identify cases at risk of preterm delivery and to assess the likelihood of successful induction of labour. In this study, the cervical stiffness was measured in vivo in pregnant sheep by using Shear Wave Elastography (SWE). This technique assesses the stiffness of tissue through the measurement of shear waves speed (SWS). In the present study, 9 pregnant ewes were used. Cervical ripening was induced at 127 days of pregnancy (term: 145 days) by dexamethasone injection in 5 animals, while 4 animals were used as control. Elastographic images of the cervix were obtained by two independent operators every 4 hours during 24 hours after injection to monitor the cervical maturation induced by the dexamethasone. Based on the measurements of SWS during vaginal ultrasound examination, the stiffness in the second ring of the cervix was quantified over a circular region of interest of 5 mm diameter. SWS was found to decrease significantly in the first 4-8 hours after dexamethasone compared to controls, which was associated with cervical ripening induced by dexamethasone (from 1.779 m/s ± 0.548 m/s, p < 0.0005, to 1.291 m/s ± 0.516 m/s, p < 0.000). Consequently a drop in the cervical elasticity was quantified too (from 9.5 kPa ± 0.9 kPa, p < 0.0005, to 5.0 kPa ± 0.8 kPa, p < 0.000). Moreover, SWE measurements were highly reproducible between both operators at all times. Cervical ripening induced by dexamethasone was confirmed by the significant increase in maternal plasma Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), as evidenced by the assay of its metabolite PGEM. Histological analyses and two-photon excitation microscopy, combining both Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) and Two-photon Fluorescence microscopy (2PF) contrasts, were used to investigate, at the microscopic scale, the structure of cervical tissue. Results show that both collagen and 2PF-active fibrillar structures could be closely related to the mechanical properties of cervical tissue that are perceptible in elastography. In conclusion, SWE may be a valuable method to objectively quantify the cervical stiffness and as a complementary diagnostic tool for preterm birth and for labour induction success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Peralta
- Department of Structural Mechanics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Eve Mourier
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
- PremUp foundation, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Richard
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
- PremUp foundation, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Charpigny
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
| | | | - Dora Aït-Belkacem
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel UMR 7249, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Naveen K. Balla
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel UMR 7249, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Brasselet
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel UMR 7249, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Mickael Tanter
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Marie Muller
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7, Paris, France
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
- PremUp foundation, 75006 Paris, France
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112
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Quantitative Characterization of Collagen in the Fibrotic Capsule Surrounding Implanted Polymeric Microparticles through Second Harmonic Generation Imaging. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130386. [PMID: 26125551 PMCID: PMC4488378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The collagenous capsule formed around an implant will ultimately determine the nature of its in vivo fate. To provide a better understanding of how surface modifications can alter the collagen orientation and composition in the fibrotic capsule, we used second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy to evaluate collagen organization and structure generated in mice subcutaneously injected with chemically functionalized polystyrene particles. SHG is sensitive to the orientation of a molecule, making it a powerful tool for measuring the alignment of collagen fibers. Additionally, SHG arises from the second order susceptibility of the interrogated molecule in response to the electric field. Variation in these tensor components distinguishes different molecular sources of SHG, providing collagen type specificity. Here, we demonstrated the ability of SHG to differentiate collagen type I and type III quantitatively and used this method to examine fibrous capsules of implanted polystyrene particles. Data presented in this work shows a wide range of collagen fiber orientations and collagen compositions in response to surface functionalized polystyrene particles. Dimethylamino functionalized particles were able to form a thin collagenous matrix resembling healthy skin. These findings have the potential to improve the fundamental understanding of how material properties influence collagen organization and composition quantitatively.
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113
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Prediction of prostate cancer recurrence using quantitative phase imaging. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9976. [PMID: 25975368 PMCID: PMC4432311 DOI: 10.1038/srep09976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer among individuals who undergo radical prostatectomy for treatment is around 25%. Current clinical methods often fail at successfully predicting recurrence among patients at intermediate risk for recurrence. We used a label-free method, spatial light interference microscopy, to perform localized measurements of light scattering in prostatectomy tissue microarrays. We show, for the first time to our knowledge, that anisotropy of light scattering in the stroma immediately adjoining cancerous glands can be used to identify patients at higher risk for recurrence. The data show that lower value of anisotropy corresponds to a higher risk for recurrence, meaning that the stroma adjoining the glands of recurrent patients is more fractionated than in non-recurrent patients. Our method outperformed the widely accepted clinical tool CAPRA-S in the cases we interrogated irrespective of Gleason grade, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and pathological tumor-node-metastasis (pTNM) stage. These results suggest that QPI shows promise in assisting pathologists to improve prediction of prostate cancer recurrence.
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114
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Tilbury K, Campagnola PJ. Applications of second-harmonic generation imaging microscopy in ovarian and breast cancer. PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2015; 7:21-32. [PMID: 25987830 PMCID: PMC4403703 DOI: 10.4137/pmc.s13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this perspective, we discuss how the nonlinear optical technique of second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has been used to greatly enhance our understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of breast and ovarian cancer. Striking changes in collagen architecture are associated with these epithelial cancers, and SHG can image these changes with great sensitivity and specificity with submicrometer resolution. This information has not historically been exploited by pathologists but has the potential to enhance diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. We summarize the utility of image processing tools that analyze fiber morphology in SHG images of breast and ovarian cancer in human tissues and animal models. We also describe methods that exploit the SHG physical underpinnings that are effective in delineating normal and malignant tissues. First we describe the use of polarization-resolved SHG that yields metrics related to macromolecular and supramolecular structures. The coherence and corresponding phase-matching process of SHG results in emission directionality (forward to backward), which is related to sub-resolution fibrillar assembly. These analyses are more general and more broadly applicable than purely morphology-based analyses; however, they are more computationally intensive. Intravital imaging techniques are also emerging that incorporate all of these quantitative analyses. Now, all these techniques can be coupled with rapidly advancing miniaturization of imaging systems to afford their use in clinical situations including enhancing pathology analysis and also in assisting in real-time surgical determination of tumor margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karissa Tilbury
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul J Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. ; Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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115
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Chaudhary R, Campbell KR, Tilbury KB, Vanderby R, Block WF, Kijowski R, Campagnola PJ. Articular cartilage zonal differentiation via 3D Second-Harmonic Generation imaging microscopy. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 56:76-86. [PMID: 25738523 PMCID: PMC4497507 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1013192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The collagen structure throughout the patella has not been thoroughly investigated by 3D imaging, where the majority of the existing data come from histological cross sections. It is important to have a better understanding of the architecture in normal tissues, where this could then be applied to imaging of diseased states. METHODS To address this shortcoming, we investigated the combined use of collagen-specific Second-Harmonic Generation (SHG) imaging and measurement of bulk optical properties to characterize collagen fiber orientations of the histologically defined zones of bovine articular cartilage. Forward and backward SHG intensities of sections from superficial, middle and deep zones were collected as a function of depth and analyzed by Monte Carlo simulations to extract the SHG creation direction, which is related to the fibrillar assembly. RESULTS Our results revealed differences in SHG forward-backward response between the three zones, where these are consistent with a previously developed model of SHG emission. Some of the findings are consistent with that from other modalities; however, SHG analysis showed the middle zone had the most organized fibril assembly. While not distinct, we also report bulk optical property values for these different zones within the patella. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results provide quantitative measurements of structural changes at both the fiber and fibril assembly of the different cartilage zones and reveals structural information not possible by other microscope modalities. This can provide quantitative insight to the collagen fiber network in normal cartilage, which may ultimately be developed as a biomarker for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Chaudhary
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Kirby R. Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Department of Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Karissa B. Tilbury
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Department of Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Ray Vanderby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Walter F. Block
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Richard Kijowski
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Department of Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Corresponding author:
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116
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Wu PC, Hsieh TY, Tsai ZU, Liu TM. In vivo quantification of the structural changes of collagens in a melanoma microenvironment with second and third harmonic generation microscopy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8879. [PMID: 25748390 PMCID: PMC4352861 DOI: 10.1038/srep08879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Using in vivo second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG) microscopies, we tracked the course of collagen remodeling over time in the same melanoma microenvironment within an individual mouse. The corresponding structural and morphological changes were quantitatively analyzed without labeling using an orientation index (OI), the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) method, and the intensity ratio of THG to SHG (RTHG/SHG). In the early stage of melanoma development, we found that collagen fibers adjacent to a melanoma have increased OI values and SHG intensities. In the late stages, these collagen networks have more directionality and less homogeneity. The corresponding GLCM traces showed oscillation features and the sum of squared fluctuation VarGLCM increased with the tumor sizes. In addition, the THG intensities of the extracellular matrices increased, indicating an enhanced optical inhomogeneity. Multiplying OI, VarGLCM, and RTHG/SHG together, the combinational collagen remodeling (CR) index at 4 weeks post melanoma implantation showed a 400-times higher value than normal ones. These results validate that our quantitative indices of SHG and THG microscopies are sensitive enough to diagnose the collagen remodeling in vivo. We believe these indices have the potential to help the diagnosis of skin cancers in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yuan Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Zen-Uong Tsai
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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117
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Keikhosravi A, Bredfeldt JS, Sagar AK, Eliceiri KW. Second-harmonic generation imaging of cancer. Methods Cell Biol 2015; 123:531-46. [PMID: 24974046 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420138-5.00028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The last 30 years has seen great advances in optical microscopy with the introduction of sophisticated fluorescence-based imaging methods such as confocal and multiphoton laser scanning microscopy. There is increasing interest in using these methods to quantitatively examine sources of intrinsic biological contrast including autofluorescent endogenous proteins and light interactions such as second-harmonic generation (SHG) in collagen. In particular, SHG-based microscopy has become a widely used quantitative modality for imaging noncentrosymmetric proteins such as collagen in a diverse range of tissues. Due to the underlying physical origin of the SHG signal, it is highly sensitive to collagen fibril/fiber structure and, importantly, to collagen-associated changes that occur in diseases such as cancer, fibrosis, and connective tissue disorders. An overview of SHG physics background and technologies is presented with a focused review on applications of SHG primarily as applied to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adib Keikhosravi
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Jeremy S Bredfeldt
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Abdul Kader Sagar
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, USA
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118
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Burke K, Brown E. The Use of Second Harmonic Generation to Image the Extracellular Matrix During Tumor Progression. INTRAVITAL 2015; 3:e984509. [PMID: 28243512 DOI: 10.4161/21659087.2014.984509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer mortality, resulting from changes in the tumor microenvironment which increases tumor cell migration, dispersal to distant organs, and subsequent survival. This is accompanied by changes in tumor collagen which may allow cells to travel more efficiently away from a primary tumor and invade the surrounding tissue. Second Harmonic generation (SHG) is an intrinsic optical signal that has expanded our understanding of collagen evolution throughout tumor progression. This article addresses current research into tumor progression using SHG, as well as the future prospects of using SHG to advance our understanding of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Burke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Rochester ; Rochester, NY USA
| | - Edward Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Rochester ; Rochester, NY USA
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119
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Liu Y, Zhu X, Huang Z, Cai J, Chen R, Xiong S, Chen G, Zeng H. Texture analysis of collagen second-harmonic generation images based on local difference local binary pattern and wavelets differentiates human skin abnormal scars from normal scars. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:016021. [PMID: 25611867 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.1.016021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative methods for noninvasive diagnosis of scars are a challenging issue in medicine. This work aims to implement a texture analysis method for quantitatively discriminating abnormal scars from normal scars based on second-harmonic generation (SHG) images. A local difference local binary pattern (LD-LBP) operator combined with a wavelet transform was explored to extract diagnosis features from scar SHG images that were related to the alteration in collagen morphology. Based on the quantitative parameters including the homogeneity, directional and coarse features in SHG images, the scar collagen SHG images were classified into normal or abnormal scars by a support vector machine classifier in a leave-one-out cross-validation procedure. Our experiments and data analyses demonstrated apparent differences between normal and abnormal scars in terms of their morphological structure of collagen. By comparing with gray level co-occurrence matrix, wavelet transform, and combined basic local binary pattern and wavelet transform with respect to the accuracy and receiver operating characteristic analysis, the method proposed herein was demonstrated to achieve higher accuracy and more reliable classification of SHG images. This result indicated that the extracted texture features with the proposed method were effective in the classification of scars. It could provide assistance for physicians in the diagnostic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Fujian Normal University, Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, No.32 Shangsan Road, Can
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- Fujian Normal University, Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, No.32 Shangsan Road, Can
| | - Zufang Huang
- Fujian Normal University, Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, No.32 Shangsan Road, Can
| | - Jianyong Cai
- Fujian Normal University, Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, No.32 Shangsan Road, Can
| | - Rong Chen
- Fujian Normal University, Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, No.32 Shangsan Road, Can
| | - Shuyuan Xiong
- Affiliated First Hospital Fujian Medical University, Department of Plastic Surgery, No.20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Guannan Chen
- Fujian Normal University, Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, No.32 Shangsan Road, Can
| | - Haishan Zeng
- Affiliated First Hospital Fujian Medical University, Department of Plastic Surgery, No.20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou 350005, China
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120
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Boddupalli A, Bratlie KM. Multimodal imaging of harmonophores and application of high content imaging for early cancer detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.md.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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121
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Improving femtosecond laser pulse delivery through a hollow core photonic crystal fiber for temporally focused two-photon endomicroscopy. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6626. [PMID: 25316120 PMCID: PMC4894416 DOI: 10.1038/srep06626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present a strategy to improve delivery of femtosecond laser pulses from a regenerative amplifier through a hollow core photonic crystal fiber for temporally focused wide-field two-photon endomicroscopy. For endomicroscope application, wide-field two-photon excitation has the advantage of requiring no scanning in the distal end. However, wide-field two-photon excitation requires peak power that is 10(4)-10(5) times higher than the point scanning approach corresponding to femtosecond pulses with energy on the order of 1-10 μJ at the specimen plane. The transmission of these high energy pulses through a single mode fiber into the microendoscope is a significant challenge. Two approaches were pursued to partially overcome this limitation. First, a single high energy pulse is split into a train of pulses with energy below the fiber damage threshold better utilizing the available laser energy. Second, stretching the pulse width in time by introducing negative dispersion was shown to have the dual benefit of reducing fiber damage probability and compensating for the positive group velocity dispersion induced by the fiber. With these strategy applied, 11 fold increase in the two photon excitation signal has been demonstrated.
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122
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Tilbury K, Lien CH, Chen SJ, Campagnola PJ. Differentiation of Col I and Col III isoforms in stromal models of ovarian cancer by analysis of second harmonic generation polarization and emission directionality. Biophys J 2014; 106:354-65. [PMID: 24461010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A profound remodeling of the extracellular matrix occurs in many epithelial cancers. In ovarian cancer, the minor collagen isoform of Col III becomes upregulated in invasive disease. Here we use second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging microscopy to probe structural differences in fibrillar models of the ovarian stroma comprised of mixtures of Col I and III. The SHG intensity and forward-backward ratios decrease with increasing Col III content, consistent with decreased phasematching due to more randomized structures. We further probe the net collagen α-helix pitch angle within the gel mixtures using what is believed to be a new pixel-based polarization-resolved approach that combines and extends previous analyses. The extracted pitch angles are consistent with those of peptide models and the method has sufficient sensitivity to differentiate Col I from the Col I/Col III mixtures. We further developed the pixel-based approach to extract the SHG signal polarization anisotropy from the same polarization-resolved image matrix. Using this approach, we found that increased Col III results in decreased alignment of the dipole moments within the focal volume. Collectively, the SHG measurements and analysis all indicate that incorporation of Col III results in decreased organization across several levels of collagen organization. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the collagen isoforms comingle within the same fibrils, in good agreement with ultrastructural data. The pixel-based polarization analyses (both excitation and emission) afford determination of structural properties without the previous requirement of having well-aligned fibers, and the approaches should be generally applicable in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karissa Tilbury
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Chi-Hsiang Lien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shean-Jen Chen
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Paul J Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
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123
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Thomas G, van Voskuilen J, Gerritsen HC, Sterenborg HJCM. Advances and challenges in label-free nonlinear optical imaging using two-photon excitation fluorescence and second harmonic generation for cancer research. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 141:128-38. [PMID: 25463660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical imaging (NLOI) has emerged to be a promising tool for bio-medical imaging in recent times. Among the various applications of NLOI, its utility is the most significant in the field of pre-clinical and clinical cancer research. This review begins by briefly covering the core principles involved in NLOI, such as two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG). Subsequently, there is a short description on the various cellular components that contribute to endogenous optical fluorescence. Later on the review deals with its main theme--the challenges faced during label-free NLO imaging in translational cancer research. While this review addresses the accomplishment of various label-free NLOI based studies in cancer diagnostics, it also touches upon the limitations of the mentioned studies. In addition, areas in cancer research that need to be further investigated by label-free NLOI are discussed in a latter segment. The review eventually concludes on the note that label-free NLOI has and will continue to contribute richly in translational cancer research, to eventually provide a very reliable, yet minimally invasive cancer diagnostic tool for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giju Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Erasmus Medical Centre, Post Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Johan van Voskuilen
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht University, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans C Gerritsen
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht University, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H J C M Sterenborg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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124
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Wen BL, Brewer MA, Nadiarnykh O, Hocker J, Singh V, Mackie TR, Campagnola PJ. Texture analysis applied to second harmonic generation image data for ovarian cancer classification. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:096007. [PMID: 26296156 PMCID: PMC4161736 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.9.096007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Remodeling of the extracellular matrix has been implicated in ovarian cancer. To quantitate the remodeling, we implement a form of texture analysis to delineate the collagen fibrillar morphology observed in second harmonic generation microscopy images of human normal and high grade malignant ovarian tissues. In the learning stage, a dictionary of “textons”—frequently occurring texture features that are identified by measuring the image response to a filter bank of various shapes, sizes, and orientations—is created. By calculating a representative model based on the texton distribution for each tissue type using a training set of respective second harmonic generation images, we then perform classification between images of normal and high grade malignant ovarian tissues. By optimizing the number of textons and nearest neighbors, we achieved classification accuracy up to 97% based on the area under receiver operating characteristic curves (true positives versus false positives). The local analysis algorithm is a more general method to probe rapidly changing fibrillar morphologies than global analyses such as FFT. It is also more versatile than other texture approaches as the filter bank can be highly tailored to specific applications (e.g., different disease states) by creating customized libraries based on common image features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce L. Wen
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Molly A. Brewer
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Oleg Nadiarnykh
- VU University Amsterdam, VU Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - James Hocker
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Vikas Singh
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Thomas R. Mackie
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Paul J. Campagnola, E-mail:
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125
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Bredfeldt JS, Liu Y, Conklin MW, Keely PJ, Mackie TR, Eliceiri KW. Automated quantification of aligned collagen for human breast carcinoma prognosis. J Pathol Inform 2014; 5:28. [PMID: 25250186 PMCID: PMC4168643 DOI: 10.4103/2153-3539.139707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mortality in cancer patients is directly attributable to the ability of cancer cells to metastasize to distant sites from the primary tumor. This migration of tumor cells begins with a remodeling of the local tumor microenvironment, including changes to the extracellular matrix and the recruitment of stromal cells, both of which facilitate invasion of tumor cells into the bloodstream. In breast cancer, it has been proposed that the alignment of collagen fibers surrounding tumor epithelial cells can serve as a quantitative image-based biomarker for survival of invasive ductal carcinoma patients. Specific types of collagen alignment have been identified for their prognostic value and now these tumor associated collagen signatures (TACS) are central to several clinical specimen imaging trials. Here, we implement the semi-automated acquisition and analysis of this TACS candidate biomarker and demonstrate a protocol that will allow consistent scoring to be performed throughout large patient cohorts. Methods: Using large field of view high resolution microscopy techniques, image processing and supervised learning methods, we are able to quantify and score features of collagen fiber alignment with respect to adjacent tumor-stromal boundaries. Results: Our semi-automated technique produced scores that have statistically significant correlation with scores generated by a panel of three human observers. In addition, our system generated classification scores that accurately predicted survival in a cohort of 196 breast cancer patients. Feature rank analysis reveals that TACS positive fibers are more well-aligned with each other, are of generally lower density, and terminate within or near groups of epithelial cells at larger angles of interaction. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the utility of a supervised learning protocol for streamlining the analysis of collagen alignment with respect to tumor stromal boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Bredfeldt
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, WI 53715, USA ; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Yuming Liu
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Matthew W Conklin
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, WI 53715, USA ; Laboratory for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Patricia J Keely
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, WI 53715, USA ; Laboratory for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Thomas R Mackie
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, WI 53715, USA ; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, WI 53715, USA ; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA ; Laboratory for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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126
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Tilbury K, Hocker J, Wen BL, Sandbo N, Singh V, Campagnola PJ. Second harmonic generation microscopy analysis of extracellular matrix changes in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:086014. [PMID: 25134793 PMCID: PMC4137064 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.8.086014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Patients with idiopathic fibrosis (IPF) have poor long-term survival as there are limited diagnostic/prognostic tools or successful therapies. Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been implicated in IPF progression; however, the structural consequences on the collagen architecture have not received considerable attention. Here, we demonstrate that second harmonic generation (SHG) and multiphoton fluorescence microscopy can quantitatively differentiate normal and IPF human tissues. For SHG analysis, we developed a classifier based on wavelet transforms, principle component analysis, and a K-nearest-neighbor algorithm to classify the specific alterations of the collagen structure observed in IPF tissues. The resulting ROC curves obtained by varying the numbers of principal components and nearest neighbors yielded accuracies of >95%. In contrast, simpler metrics based on SHG intensity and collagen coverage in the image provided little or no discrimination. We also characterized the change in the elastin/collagen balance by simultaneously measuring the elastin autofluorescence and SHG intensities and found that the IPF tissues were less elastic relative to collagen. This is consistent with known mechanical consequences of the disease. Understanding ECM remodeling in IPF via nonlinear optical microscopy may enhance our ability to differentiate patients with rapid and slow progression and, thus, provide better prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karissa Tilbury
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - James Hocker
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Bruce L. Wen
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Medical Physics Department, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Nathan Sandbo
- University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Vikas Singh
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Medical Physics Department, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Paul J. Campagnola, E-mail:
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127
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Welge WA, DeMarco AT, Watson JM, Rice PS, Barton JK, Kupinski MA. Diagnostic potential of multimodal imaging of ovarian tissue using optical coherence tomography and second-harmonic generation microscopy. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2014; 1:025501. [PMID: 25798444 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.1.2.025501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is particularly deadly because it is usually diagnosed after it has metastasized. We have previously identified features of ovarian cancer using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy (targeting collagen). OCT provides an image of the ovarian microstructure while SHG provides a high-resolution map of collagen fiber bundle arrangement. Here we investigated the diagnostic potential of dual-modality OCT and SHG imaging. We conducted a fully crossed, multi-reader, multi-case study using seven human observers. Each observer classified 44 ex vivo mouse ovaries (16 normal and 28 abnormal) as normal or abnormal from OCT, SHG, and simultaneously viewed, co-registered OCT and SHG images and provided a confidence rating on a six-point scale. We determined the average receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, area under the ROC curves (AUC), and other quantitative figures of merit. The results show that OCT has diagnostic potential with an average AUC of 0.91 ± 0.06. The average AUC for SHG was less promising at 0.71 ± 0.13. The average AUC for simultaneous OCT and SHG was not significantly different from OCT alone, possibly due to the limited SHG field of view. The high performance of OCT and co-registered OCT and SHG warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weston A Welge
- The University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, 1630 E. University Blvd. Tucson, AZ 85721, 303-875-5632
| | - Andrew T DeMarco
- The University of Arizona, Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, 1131 E. 2nd St. Tucson, AZ 85721, 267-474-0513
| | - Jennifer M Watson
- The University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1657 E. Helen St. Tucson, AZ 85721, 520-626-2917
| | - Photini S Rice
- The University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1657 E. Helen St. Tucson, AZ 85721, 520-626-4463
| | - Jennifer K Barton
- The University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1657 E. Helen St. Tucson, AZ 85721, 520-626-4116
| | - Matthew A Kupinski
- The University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, 1630 E. University Blvd. Tucson, AZ 85721, 520-621-2967
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128
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Birk JW, Tadros M, Moezardalan K, Nadyarnykh O, Forouhar F, Anderson J, Campagnola P. Second harmonic generation imaging distinguishes both high-grade dysplasia and cancer from normal colonic mucosa. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:1529-34. [PMID: 24744180 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a novel imaging technology that could provide optical biopsy during endoscopy with advantages over current technology. SHG has the unique ability to evaluate the amount of extracellular matrix collagen protein and its alignment. METHODS Hematoxylin- and eosin-stained slides from colon biopsies (normal, low-grade dysplasia (LGD), high-grade dysplasia (HGD), and cancer) were examined with SHG imaging. Both signal intensity and collagen fiber alignment were measured. Average intensity per pixel (AIPP) was obtained, and an analyzing polarizer was used to calculate β, an alignment parameter. RESULTS The mean AIPP for normal mucosa was 48, LGD was 38, HGD was 42, and malignancy was 123 (p < 0.01). The AIPP ROC curve between malignant versus non-malignant tissue was 0.96 (0.93-0.99). An AIPP value of 60 can differentiate malignancy with 87 % sensitivity and 90 % specificity. The mean β for normal tissue was 0.490, LGD was 0.379, HGD was 0.345, and cancer was 0.453 (p = 0.013), with a normal tissue mean rank of 6.5 compared to 2.5 for HGD (p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS SHG signal intensity can differentiate malignant from non-malignant colonic polyp tissue with high sensitivity and specificity. Anisotropic polarization can discern HGD from normal colonic polyp tissue. SHG can thus distinguish both HGD and malignant lesions in an objective numeric fashion, without contrast agents or interpretation skills. SHG could be incorporated into endoscopy equipment to enhance white light endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Birk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030-1845, USA,
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129
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Zhuo S, Chen J. Stromal alterations as quantitative optical biomarkers of epithelial tumor progression. SCANNING 2014; 36:279-285. [PMID: 24347227 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Stroma plays an important role during epithelial tumor progression. Probing stroma alteration may become an intrinsic indicator for evaluating epithelial tumor progression. In this review, we summarize our recent works on stromal alterations as quantitative optical biomarkers of epithelial tumor progression by use of nonlinear optical microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangmu Zhuo
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
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130
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Adur J, Carvalho HF, Cesar CL, Casco VH. Nonlinear optical microscopy signal processing strategies in cancer. Cancer Inform 2014; 13:67-76. [PMID: 24737930 PMCID: PMC3981479 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This work reviews the most relevant present-day processing methods used to improve the accuracy of multimodal nonlinear images in the detection of epithelial cancer and the supporting stroma. Special emphasis has been placed on methods of non linear optical (NLO) microscopy image processing such as: second harmonic to autofluorescence ageing index of dermis (SAAID), tumor-associated collagen signatures (TACS), fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis, and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM)-based methods. These strategies are presented as a set of potential valuable diagnostic tools for early cancer detection. It may be proposed that the combination of NLO microscopy and informatics based image analysis approaches described in this review (all carried out on free software) may represent a powerful tool to investigate collagen organization and remodeling of extracellular matrix in carcinogenesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Adur
- Microscopy Laboratory Applied to Molecular and Cellular Studies, Bioengineering School, National University of Entre Rios, Oro Verde, Entre Rios, Argentina. ; INFABiC-National Institute of Science and Technology on Photonics Applied to Cell Biology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- INFABiC-National Institute of Science and Technology on Photonics Applied to Cell Biology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos L Cesar
- INFABiC-National Institute of Science and Technology on Photonics Applied to Cell Biology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Víctor H Casco
- Microscopy Laboratory Applied to Molecular and Cellular Studies, Bioengineering School, National University of Entre Rios, Oro Verde, Entre Rios, Argentina
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131
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Hall G, Tilbury KB, Campbell KR, Eliceiri KW, Campagnola PJ. Experimental and simulation study of the wavelength dependent second harmonic generation of collagen in scattering tissues. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:1897-900. [PMID: 24686633 PMCID: PMC4487653 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.001897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report on the wavelength dependence of second harmonic generation (SHG) of collagen in scattering tissues over the wavelength range of 800-1200 nm. The study incorporates inclusion of the molecular hyperpolarizability β of collagen and optical scattering, both of which are wavelength dependent. Using 3D SHG imaging and Monte Carlo simulations, we find the wavelength dependence of β is not well described by a two-state model based on known absorption bands. We further find that longer wavelength excitation is inefficient as the reduction in scattering is overcome by the decreased β far from resonance and the optimal excitation is within the 800-900 nm range. The impact is larger for backward collected SHG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnsteinn Hall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Karissa B. Tilbury
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Kirby R. Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Corresponding author:
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132
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Cherkezyan L, Stypula-Cyrus Y, Subramanian H, White C, Dela Cruz M, Wali RK, Goldberg MJ, Bianchi LK, Roy HK, Backman V. Nanoscale changes in chromatin organization represent the initial steps of tumorigenesis: a transmission electron microscopy study. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:189. [PMID: 24629088 PMCID: PMC3995586 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear alterations are a well-known manifestation of cancer. However, little is known about the early, microscopically-undetectable stages of malignant transformation. Based on the phenomenon of field cancerization, the tissue in the field of a tumor can be used to identify and study the initiating events of carcinogenesis. Morphological changes in nuclear organization have been implicated in the field of colorectal cancer (CRC), and we hypothesize that characterization of chromatin alterations in the early stages of CRC will provide insight into cancer progression, as well as serve as a biomarker for early detection, risk stratification and prevention. Methods For this study we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of nuclei harboring pre-neoplastic CRC alterations in two models: a carcinogen-treated animal model of early CRC, and microscopically normal-appearing tissue in the field of human CRC. We quantify the chromatin arrangement using approaches with two levels of complexity: 1) binary, where chromatin is separated into areas of dense heterochromatin and loose euchromatin, and 2) grey-scale, where the statistics of continuous mass-density distribution within the nucleus is quantified by its spatial correlation function. Results We established an increase in heterochromatin content and clump size, as well as a loss of its characteristic peripheral positioning in microscopically normal pre-neoplastic cell nuclei. Additionally, the analysis of chromatin density showed that its spatial distribution is altered from a fractal to a stretched exponential. Conclusions We characterize quantitatively and qualitatively the nanoscale structural alterations preceding cancer development, which may allow for the establishment of promising new biomarkers for cancer risk stratification and diagnosis. The findings of this study confirm that ultrastructural changes of chromatin in field carcinogenesis represent early neoplastic events leading to the development of well-documented, microscopically detectable hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vadim Backman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
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133
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Gomes AJ, Wolfsen HC, Wallace MB, Cayer FK, Backman V. Monte Carlo model of the depolarization of backscattered linearly polarized light in the sub-diffusion regime. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:5325-5340. [PMID: 24663873 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.005325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a predictive model of the depolarization ratio of backscattered linearly polarized light from spatially continuous refractive index media that is applicable to the sub-diffusion regime of light scattering. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we derived a simple relationship between the depolarization ratio and both the sample optical properties and illumination-collection geometry. Our model was validated on tissue simulating phantoms and found to be in good agreement. We further show the utility of this model by demonstrating its use for measuring the depolarization length from biological tissue in vivo. We expect our results to aid in the interpretation of the depolarization ratio from sub-diffusive reflectance measurements.
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134
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Crosignani V, Jahid S, Dvornikov AS, Gratton E. A deep tissue fluorescence imaging system with enhanced SHG detection capabilities. Microsc Res Tech 2014; 77:368-73. [PMID: 24610799 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel two-photon fluorescence microscopy system capable of producing high-quality second harmonic generation (SHG) images in thick turbid media by using an innovative detection system. This novel detection system is capable of detecting photons from a very large surface area. This system has proven effective in providing images of thick turbid samples, both biological and artificial. Due to its transmission detection geometry, the system is particularly suitable for detecting SHG signals, which are generally forward directed. In this article, we present comparative data acquired simultaneously on the same sample with the forward and epidetection schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viera Crosignani
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697
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135
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Orsinger GV, Watson JM, Gordon M, Nymeyer AC, de Leon EE, Brownlee JW, Hatch KD, Chambers SK, Barton JK, Kostuk RK, Romanowski M. Simultaneous multiplane imaging of human ovarian cancer by volume holographic imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:36020. [PMID: 24676382 PMCID: PMC3967775 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.3.036020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most deadly gynecologic cancer, a fact which is attributable to poor early detection and survival once the disease has reached advanced stages. Intraoperative laparoscopic volume holographic imaging has the potential to provide simultaneous visualization of surface and subsurface structures in ovarian tissues for improved assessment of developing ovarian cancer. In this ex vivo ovarian tissue study, we assembled a benchtop volume holographic imaging system (VHIS) to characterize the microarchitecture of 78 normal and 40 abnormal tissue specimens derived from ovarian, fallopian tube, uterine, and peritoneal tissues, collected from 26 patients aged 22 to 73 undergoing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, or abdominal cytoreductive surgery. All tissues were successfully imaged with the VHIS in both reflectance- and fluorescence-modes revealing morphological features which can be used to distinguish between normal, benign abnormalities, and cancerous tissues. We present the development and successful application of VHIS for imaging human ovarian tissue. Comparison of VHIS images with corresponding histopathology allowed for qualitatively distinguishing microstructural features unique to the studied tissue type and disease state. These results motivate the development of a laparoscopic VHIS for evaluating the surface and subsurface morphological alterations in ovarian cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel V. Orsinger
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Jennifer M. Watson
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Michael Gordon
- University of Arizona, Department of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Ariel C. Nymeyer
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Erich E. de Leon
- University of Arizona, Department of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | | | - Kenneth D. Hatch
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Setsuko K. Chambers
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Jennifer K. Barton
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona 85719
- University of Arizona, Department of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85721
- University of Arizona, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Tucson, Arizona 85721
- Address all correspondence to: Jennifer K. Barton, E-mail:
| | - Raymond K. Kostuk
- University of Arizona, Department of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85721
- University of Arizona, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Marek Romanowski
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona 85719
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136
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Bredfeldt JS, Liu Y, Pehlke CA, Conklin MW, Szulczewski JM, Inman DR, Keely PJ, Nowak RD, Mackie TR, Eliceiri KW. Computational segmentation of collagen fibers from second-harmonic generation images of breast cancer. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:16007. [PMID: 24407500 PMCID: PMC3886580 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.1.016007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) imaging can help reveal interactions between collagen fibers and cancer cells. Quantitative analysis of SHG images of collagen fibers is challenged by the heterogeneity of collagen structures and low signal-to-noise ratio often found while imaging collagen in tissue. The role of collagen in breast cancer progression can be assessed post acquisition via enhanced computation. To facilitate this, we have implemented and evaluated four algorithms for extracting fiber information, such as number, length, and curvature, from a variety of SHG images of collagen in breast tissue. The image-processing algorithms included a Gaussian filter, SPIRAL-TV filter, Tubeness filter, and curvelet-denoising filter. Fibers are then extracted using an automated tracking algorithm called fiber extraction (FIRE). We evaluated the algorithm performance by comparing length, angle and position of the automatically extracted fibers with those of manually extracted fibers in twenty-five SHG images of breast cancer. We found that the curvelet-denoising filter followed by FIRE, a process we call CT-FIRE, outperforms the other algorithms under investigation. CT-FIRE was then successfully applied to track collagen fiber shape changes over time in an in vivo mouse model for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S. Bredfeldt
- University of Wisconsin at Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Yuming Liu
- University of Wisconsin at Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Carolyn A. Pehlke
- University of Wisconsin at Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Matthew W. Conklin
- University of Wisconsin at Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- University of Wisconsin at Madison, Laboratory for Cell and Molecular Biology, 1525 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Joseph M. Szulczewski
- University of Wisconsin at Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- University of Wisconsin at Madison, Laboratory for Cell and Molecular Biology, 1525 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - David R. Inman
- University of Wisconsin at Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- University of Wisconsin at Madison, Laboratory for Cell and Molecular Biology, 1525 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Patricia J. Keely
- University of Wisconsin at Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- University of Wisconsin at Madison, Laboratory for Cell and Molecular Biology, 1525 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Robert D. Nowak
- University of Wisconsin at Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- University of Wisconsin at Madison, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Thomas R. Mackie
- University of Wisconsin at Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- University of Wisconsin at Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
- University of Wisconsin at Madison, Laboratory for Cell and Molecular Biology, 1525 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Address all correspondence to: Kevin W. Eliceiri, E-mail:
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Adur J, Pelegati VB, de Thomaz AA, Baratti MO, Andrade LALA, Carvalho HF, Bottcher-Luiz F, Cesar CL. Second harmonic generation microscopy as a powerful diagnostic imaging modality for human ovarian cancer. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2014; 7:37-48. [PMID: 23024013 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study we showed that second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy combined with precise methods for images evaluation can be used to detect structural changes in the human ovarian stroma. Using a set of scoring methods (alignment of collagen fibers, anisotropy, and correlation), we found significant differences in the distribution and organization of collagen fibers in the stroma component of serous, mucinous, endometrioid and mixed ovarian tumors as compared with normal ovary tissue. This methodology was capable to differentiate between cancerous and healthy tissue, with clear cut distinction between normal, benign, borderline, and malignant tumors of serous type. Our results indicated that the combination of different image-analysis approaches presented here represent a powerful tool to investigate collagen organization and extracellular matrix remodeling in ovarian tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Adur
- Biomedical Lasers Application Laboratory, Optics and Photonics Research Center, "Gleb Wataghin" Institute of Physics, State University of Campinas UNICAMP, Brazil; Microscopy Laboratory Applied to Molecular and Cellular Studies, School of Bioengineering, National University of Entre Ríos UNER, Ruta 11 Km10, Oro Verde 3101, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
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138
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Peranzoni E, Rivas-Caicedo A, Bougherara H, Salmon H, Donnadieu E. Positive and negative influence of the matrix architecture on antitumor immune surveillance. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4431-48. [PMID: 23649148 PMCID: PMC11113382 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The migration of T cells and access to tumor antigens is of utmost importance for the induction of protective anti-tumor immunity. Once having entered a malignant site, T cells encounter a complex environment composed of non-tumor cells along with the extracellular matrix (ECM). It is now well accepted that a deregulated ECM favors tumor progression and metastasis. Recent progress in imaging technologies has also highlighted the impact of the matrix architecture found in solid tumor on immune cells and especially T cells. In this review, we argue that the ability of T cells to mount an antitumor response is dependent on the matrix structure, more precisely on the balance between pro-migratory reticular fiber networks and unfavorable migration zones composed of dense and aligned ECM structures. Thus, the matrix architecture, that has long been considered to merely provide the structural framework of connective tissues, can play a key role in facilitating or suppressing the antitumor immune surveillance. A new challenge in cancer therapy will be to develop approaches aimed at altering the architecture of the tumor stroma, rendering it more permissive to antitumor T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Peranzoni
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Cnrs UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Ana Rivas-Caicedo
- Alta Tecnología en Laboratorios SA de CV, Comoporis #45, El Caracol, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Houcine Bougherara
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Cnrs UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Hélène Salmon
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Emmanuel Donnadieu
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Cnrs UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
- Département d’Immunologie et d’Hématologie, Institut Cochin, 22 Rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France
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139
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Hall G, Eliceiri KW, Campagnola PJ. Simultaneous determination of the second-harmonic generation emission directionality and reduced scattering coefficient from three-dimensional imaging of thick tissues. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2013; 18:116008. [PMID: 24220726 PMCID: PMC3825714 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.11.116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has intrinsic contrast for imaging fibrillar collagen and has shown great promise for disease characterization and diagnostics. In addition to morphology, additional information is achievable as the initially emitted SHG radiation directionality is related to subresolution fibril size and distribution. We show that by two parameter fittings, both the emission pattern (FSHG/BSHG)creation and the reduced scattering coefficient μs', can be obtained from the best fits between three-dimensional experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations. The improved simulation framework accounts for collection apertures for the detected forward and backward components. We apply the new simulation framework to mouse tail tendon for validation and show that the spectral slope of μs' obtained is similar to that from bulk optical measurements and that the (FSHG/BSHG)creation values are also similar to previous results. Additionally, we find that the SHG emission becomes increasingly forward directed at longer wavelengths, which is consistent with decreased dispersion in refractive index between the laser and SHG wavelengths. As both the spectral slope of μs' and (FSHG/BSHG)creation have been linked to the underlying tissue structure, simultaneously obtaining these parameters on a microscope platform from the same tissue provides a powerful method for tissue characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnsteinn Hall
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Laboratory of Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Laboratory of Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Laboratory of Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Address all correspondence to: Paul J. Campagnola, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Laboratory of Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Engineering Centers Building, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706. Tel: (608) 890-3575; Fax: 608-265-9239; E-mail:
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140
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Narunsky L, Oren R, Bochner F, Neeman M. Imaging aspects of the tumor stroma with therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 141:192-208. [PMID: 24134903 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells rely on extensive support from the stroma in order to survive, proliferate and invade. The tumor stroma is thus an important potential target for anti-cancer therapy. Typical changes in the stroma include a shift from the quiescence promoting-antiangiogenic extracellular matrix to a provisional matrix that promotes invasion and angiogenesis. These changes in the extracellular matrix are induced by changes in the secretion of extracellular matrix proteins and glucose amino glycans, extravasation of plasma proteins from hyperpermeable vessels and release of matrix modifying enzymes resulting in cleavage and cross-linking of matrix macromolecules. These in turn alter the rigidity of the matrix and the exposure and release of cytokines. Changes in matrix rigidity and vessel permeability affect drug delivery and mediate resistance to cytotoxic therapy. These stroma changes are brought about not only by the cancer cells, but also through the action of many cell types that are recruited by tumors including immune cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Within the tumor, these normal host cells are activated resulting in loss of inhibitory and induction of cancer promoting activities. Key to the development of stroma-targeted therapies, selective biomarkers were developed for specific imaging of key aspects of the tumor stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Narunsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Roni Oren
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Filip Bochner
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Neeman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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141
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Drifka CR, Eliceiri KW, Weber SM, Kao WJ. A bioengineered heterotypic stroma-cancer microenvironment model to study pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3965-75. [PMID: 23959166 PMCID: PMC3834588 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50487e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between neoplastic epithelial cells and components of a reactive stroma in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are of key significance behind the disease's dismal prognosis. Despite extensive published research in the importance of stroma-cancer interactions in other cancers and experimental evidence supporting the importance of the microenvironment in PDAC progression, a reproducible three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model for exploring stroma-cancer interplay and evaluating therapeutics in a physiologically relevant context has been lacking. We introduce a humanized microfluidic model of the PDAC microenvironment incorporating multicellularity, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and a spatially defined 3D microarchitecture. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) isolated from clinically-evaluated human tissue specimens were co-cultured with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells as an accessible 3D construct that maintained important tissue features and disease behavior. Multiphoton excitation (MPE) and Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) imaging techniques were utilized to image the intrinsic signal of stromal collagen in human pancreatic tissues and live cell-collagen interactions within the optically-accessible microfluidic tissue model. We further evaluated the dose-response of the model with the anticancer agent paclitaxel. This bioengineered model of the PDAC stroma-cancer microenvironment provides a complementary platform to elucidate the complex stroma-cancer interrelationship and to evaluate the efficacy of potential therapeutics in a humanized system that closely recapitulates key PDAC microenvironment characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole R. Drifka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sharon M. Weber
- Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - W. John Kao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- UW Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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142
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Watson JM, Marion SL, Rice PF, Bentley DL, Besselsen DG, Utzinger U, Hoyer PB, Barton JK. In vivo time-serial multi-modality optical imaging in a mouse model of ovarian tumorigenesis. Cancer Biol Ther 2013; 15:42-60. [PMID: 24145178 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.26605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of the early microscopic changes associated with ovarian cancer may lead to development of a diagnostic test for high-risk women. In this study we use optical coherence tomography (OCT) and multiphoton microscopy (MPM) (collecting both two photon excited fluorescence [TPEF] and second harmonic generation [SHG]) to image mouse ovaries in vivo at multiple time points. We demonstrate the feasibility of imaging mouse ovaries in vivo during a long-term survival study and identify microscopic changes associated with early tumor development. These changes include alterations in tissue microstructure, as seen by OCT, alterations in cellular fluorescence and morphology, as seen by TPEF, and remodeling of collagen structure, as seen by SHG. These results suggest that a combined OCT-MPM system may be useful for early detection of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel L Marion
- Physiology Department; University of Arizona; Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Photini F Rice
- Biomedical Engineering; University of Arizona; Tucson, AZ USA
| | - David L Bentley
- Biomedical Engineering; University of Arizona; Tucson, AZ USA
| | | | - Urs Utzinger
- Biomedical Engineering; University of Arizona; Tucson, AZ USA
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143
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Burke RM, Madden KS, Perry SW, Zettel ML, Brown EB. Tumor-associated macrophages and stromal TNF-α regulate collagen structure in a breast tumor model as visualized by second harmonic generation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2013; 18:86003. [PMID: 23912760 PMCID: PMC3731198 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.8.086003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Collagen fibers can be imaged with second harmonic generation (SHG) and are associated with efficient tumor cell locomotion. Preferential locomotion along these fibers correlates with a more aggressively metastatic phenotype, and changes in SHG emission properties accompany changes in metastatic outcome. We therefore attempted to elucidate the cellular and molecular machinery that influences SHG in order to understand how the microstructure of tumor collagen fibers is regulated. By quantifying SHG and immunofluorescence (IF) from tumors grown in mice with and without stromal tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and in the presence or absence of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), we determined that depletion of TAMs alters tumor collagen fibrillar microstructure as quantified by SHG and IF. Furthermore, we determined that abrogation of TNF-α expression by tumor stromal cells also alters fibrillar microstructure and that subsequent depletion of TAMs has no further effect. In each case, metastatic burden correlated with optical readouts of collagen microstructure. Our results implicate TAMs and stromal TNF-α as regulators of breast tumor collagen microstructure and suggest that this regulation plays a role in tumor metastasis. Furthermore, these results indicate that quantification of SHG represents a useful strategy for evaluating the cells and molecular pathways responsible for manipulating fibrillar collagen in breast tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Burke
- University of Rochester, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box CVRI, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Kelley S. Madden
- University of Rochester, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Goergen Hall, River Campus Box 270168, Rochester, New York 14627
| | - Seth W. Perry
- University of Rochester, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Goergen Hall, River Campus Box 270168, Rochester, New York 14627
| | - Martha L. Zettel
- University of Rochester, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box CVRI, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Edward B. Brown
- University of Rochester, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Goergen Hall, River Campus Box 270168, Rochester, New York 14627
- Address all correspondence to: Edward B. Brown III, University of Rochester, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Goergen Hall, River Campus Box 270168, Rochester, New York 14627. Tel: (585) 273-5918; Fax: (585) 276-2254; E-mail:
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144
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Sivaguru M, Eichorst JP, Durgam S, Fried GA, Stewart AA, Stewart MC. Imaging horse tendons using multimodal 2-photon microscopy. Methods 2013; 66:256-67. [PMID: 23871762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Injuries and damage to tendons plague both human and equine athletes. At the site of injuries, various cells congregate to repair and re-structure the collagen. Treatments for collagen injury range from simple procedures such as icing and pharmaceutical treatments to more complex surgeries and the implantation of stem cells. Regardless of the treatment, the level of mechanical stimulation incurred by the recovering tendon is crucial. However, for a given tendon injury, it is not known precisely how much of a load should be applied for an effective recovery. Both too much and too little loading of the tendon could be detrimental during recovery. A mapping of the complex local environment imparted to any cell present at the site of a tendon injury may however, convey fundamental insights related to their decision making as a function of applied load. Therefore, fundamentally knowing how cells translate mechanical cues from their external environment into signals regulating their functions during repair is crucial to more effectively treat these types of injuries. In this paper, we studied systems of tendons with a variety of 2-photon-based imaging techniques to examine the local mechanical environment of cells in both normal and injured tendons. These tendons were chemically treated to instigate various extents of injury and in some cases, were injected with stem cells. The results related by each imaging technique distinguish with high contrast and resolution multiple morphologies of the cells' nuclei and the alignment of the collagen during injury. The incorporation of 2-photon FLIM into this study probed new features in the local environment of the nuclei that were not apparent with steady-state imaging. Overall, this paper focuses on horse tendon injury pattern and analysis with different 2-photon confocal modalities useful for wide variety of application in damaged tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayandi Sivaguru
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - John Paul Eichorst
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sushmitha Durgam
- Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Glenn A Fried
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Allison A Stewart
- Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Matthew C Stewart
- Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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145
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Lee H, Huttunen MJ, Hsu KJ, Partanen M, Zhuo GY, Kauranen M, Chu SW. Chiral imaging of collagen by second-harmonic generation circular dichroism. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:909-16. [PMID: 23761852 PMCID: PMC3675869 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.000909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We provide evidence that the chirality of collagen can give rise to strong second-harmonic generation circular dichroism (SHG-CD) responses in nonlinear microscopy. Although chirality is an intrinsic structural property of collagen, most of the previous studies ignore that property. We demonstrate chiral imaging of individual collagen fibers by using a laser scanning microscope and type-I collagen from pig ligaments. 100% contrast level of SHG-CD is achieved with sub-micrometer spatial resolution. As a new contrast mechanism for imaging chiral structures in bio-tissues, this technique provides information about collagen morphology and three-dimensional orientation of collagen molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Lee
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - M. J. Huttunen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, Tampere, Finland
| | - K.-J. Hsu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - M. Partanen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, Tampere, Finland
| | - G.-Y. Zhuo
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - M. Kauranen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, Tampere, Finland
| | - S.-W. Chu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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146
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Yi J, Radosevich AJ, Rogers JD, Norris SCP, Çapoğlu İR, Taflove A, Backman V. Can OCT be sensitive to nanoscale structural alterations in biological tissue? OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:9043-59. [PMID: 23571994 PMCID: PMC3641881 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.009043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Exploration of nanoscale tissue structures is crucial in understanding biological processes. Although novel optical microscopy methods have been developed to probe cellular features beyond the diffraction limit, nanometer-scale quantification remains still inaccessible for in situ tissue. Here we demonstrate that, without actually resolving specific geometrical feature, OCT can be sensitive to tissue structural properties at the nanometer length scale. The statistical mass-density distribution in tissue is quantified by its autocorrelation function modeled by the Whittle-Mateŕn functional family. By measuring the wavelength-dependent backscattering coefficient μb(λ) and the scattering coefficient μs, we introduce a technique called inverse spectroscopic OCT (ISOCT) to quantify the mass-density correlation function. We find that the length scale of sensitivity of ISOCT ranges from ~30 to ~450 nm. Although these sub-diffractional length scales are below the spatial resolution of OCT and therefore not resolvable, they are nonetheless detectable. The sub-diffractional sensitivity is validated by 1) numerical simulations; 2) tissue phantom studies; and 3) ex vivo colon tissue measurements cross-validated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the 3D imaging capability of ISOCT is demonstrated with ex vivo rat buccal and human colon samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd.,Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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147
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Backman V, Roy HK. Advances in biophotonics detection of field carcinogenesis for colon cancer risk stratification. J Cancer 2013; 4:251-61. [PMID: 23459690 PMCID: PMC3584838 DOI: 10.7150/jca.5838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of neoplastic transformation of the colon involves a progression through hyperproliferative epithelium through the aberrant crypt foci→small adenoma→large adenoma→invasive cancer→metastatic disease. These are orchestrated by sequential genetic and epigenetic events which provide the underpinnings of cellular alterations such as early induction in proliferation/suppression of apoptosis, along with the late stage increase in invasiveness. Colorectal cancer (CRC) averages 49-111 mutations per tumor encompassing 10-15 critical signaling pathways[1]. Accumulating such a high number of mutations requires a fertile mutational field, which is the hallmark of colon carcinogenesis. While genetic susceptibility to colorectal cancer is well-known, at least half of the risk is believed to be due to exogeneous factors (e.g., obesity, diet, exercise). Understanding these risk factors represents a promising mode of tailoring screening modality and intensity. However, previous attempts using these factors (i.e., NCI risk calculator) have only been modestly successful with an area under receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) of just 0.61. One of the most important concepts is that risk is the interaction between these genetic and environmental components and is driven by the variety of polymorphisms. Thus, predicting risk is difficult given the complexity. On the other hand, the colonic mucosa represents the end product of the complex interplay between these multiple factors. The power of field carcinogenesis is that it reflects this interplay between genetics and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Backman
- 1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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148
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Reusch LM, Feltovich H, Carlson LC, Hall G, Campagnola PJ, Eliceiri KW, Hall TJ. Nonlinear optical microscopy and ultrasound imaging of human cervical structure. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2013; 18:031110. [PMID: 23412434 PMCID: PMC4023642 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.3.031110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The cervix softens and shortens as its collagen microstructure rearranges in preparation for birth, but premature change may lead to premature birth. The global preterm birth rate has not decreased despite decades of research, likely because cervical microstructure is poorly understood. Our group has developed a multilevel approach to evaluating the human cervix. We are developing quantitative ultrasound (QUS) techniques for noninvasive interrogation of cervical microstructure and corroborating those results with high-resolution images of microstructure from second harmonic generation imaging (SHG) microscopy. We obtain ultrasound measurements from hysterectomy specimens, prepare the tissue for SHG, and stitch together several hundred images to create a comprehensive view of large areas of cervix. The images are analyzed for collagen orientation and alignment with curvelet transform, and registered with QUS data, facilitating multiscale analysis in which the micron-scale SHG images and millimeter-scale ultrasound data interpretation inform each other. This novel combination of modalities allows comprehensive characterization of cervical microstructure in high resolution. Through a detailed comparative study, we demonstrate that SHG imaging both corroborates the quantitative ultrasound measurements and provides further insight. Ultimately, a comprehensive understanding of specific microstructural cervical change in pregnancy should lead to novel approaches to the prevention of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Reusch
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Physics Department, 1005 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Helen Feltovich
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Physics Department, 1005 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Maternal Fetal Medicine, Intermountain HealthCare, 1034 N 500 W, Provo, Utah
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 271 Animal Sciences, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Lindsey C. Carlson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Physics Department, 1005 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Gunnsteinn Hall
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 271 Animal Sciences, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, College of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Department, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Physics Department, 1005 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 271 Animal Sciences, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, College of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Department, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Physics Department, 1005 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 271 Animal Sciences, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, College of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Department, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Timothy J. Hall
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Physics Department, 1005 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 271 Animal Sciences, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, College of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Department, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Address all correspondence to: Timothy J. Hall, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Physics Department, 1005 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706. Tel: 801-357-8152; E-mail:
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149
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Burke K, Tang P, Brown E. Second harmonic generation reveals matrix alterations during breast tumor progression. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2013; 18:31106. [PMID: 23172133 PMCID: PMC3595714 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.3.031106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Alteration of the extracellular matrix in tumor stroma influences efficiency of cell locomotion away from the primary tumor into surrounding tissues and vasculature, thereby affecting metastatic potential. We study matrix changes in breast cancer through the use of second harmonic generation (SHG) of collagen in order to improve the current understanding of breast tumor stromal development. Specifically, we utilize a quantitative analysis of the ratio of forward to backward propagating SHG signal (F/B ratio) to monitor collagen throughout ductal and lobular carcinoma development. After detection of a significant decrease in the F/B ratio of invasive but not in situ ductal carcinoma compared with healthy tissue, the collagen F/B ratio is investigated to determine the evolution of fibrillar collagen changes throughout tumor progression. Results are compared with the progression of lobular carcinoma, whose F/B signature also underwent significant evolution during progression, albeit in a different manner, which offers insight into varying methods of tissue penetration and collagen manipulation between the carcinomas. This research provides insights into trends of stromal reorganization throughout breast tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Burke
- University of Rochester, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Goergen Hall Box 270168, Rochester, New York 14627
| | - Ping Tang
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 626, Rochester, New York 14627
| | - Edward Brown
- University of Rochester, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Goergen Hall Box 270168, Rochester, New York 14627
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150
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Cicchi R, Vogler N, Kapsokalyvas D, Dietzek B, Popp J, Pavone FS. From molecular structure to tissue architecture: collagen organization probed by SHG microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2013; 6:129-42. [PMID: 22791562 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is a fantastic tool for imaging collagen and probing its hierarchical organization from molecular scale up to tissue architectural level. In fact, SHG combines the advantages of a non-linear microscopy approach with a coherent modality able to probe molecular organization. In this manuscript we review the physical concepts describing SHG from collagen, highlighting how this optical process allows to probe structures ranging from molecular sizes to tissue architecture, through image pattern analysis and scoring methods. Starting from the description of the most relevant approaches employing SHG polarization anisotropy and forward - backward SHG detection, we then focus on the most relevant methods for imaging and characterizing collagen organization in tissues through image pattern analysis methods, highlighting advantages and limitations of the methods applied to tissue imaging and to potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cicchi
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy LENS, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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