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Huang J, Li L, Lian J, Schauer S, Vesely PW, Kratky D, Hoefler G, Lehner R. Tumor-Induced Hyperlipidemia Contributes to Tumor Growth. Cell Rep 2016; 15:336-48. [PMID: 27050512 PMCID: PMC4984953 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The known link between obesity and cancer suggests an important interaction between the host lipid metabolism and tumorigenesis. Here, we used a syngeneic tumor graft model to demonstrate that tumor development influences the host lipid metabolism. BCR-Abl-transformed precursor B cell tumors induced hyperlipidemia by stimulating very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production and blunting VLDL and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) turnover. To assess whether tumor progression was dependent on tumor-induced hyperlipidemia, we utilized the VLDL production-deficient mouse model, carboxylesterase3/triacylglycerol hydrolase (Ces3/TGH) knockout mice. In Ces3/Tgh–/– tumor-bearing mice, plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels were attenuated. Importantly tumor weight was reduced in Ces3/Tgh–/– mice. Mechanistically, reduced tumor growth in Ces3/Tgh–/– mice was attributed to reversal of tumor-induced PCSK9-mediated degradation of hepatic LDLR and decrease of LDL turnover. Our data demonstrate that tumor-induced hyperlipidemia encompasses a feed-forward loop that reprograms hepatic lipoprotein homeostasis in part by providing LDL cholesterol to support tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Huang
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Lena Li
- Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Jihong Lian
- Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Silvia Schauer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Paul W Vesely
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl Franzens University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Richard Lehner
- Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
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Oliveira JSL, Brezesinski G, Hill A, Gericke A. Influence of calcium on ceramide-1-phosphate monolayers. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:236-245. [PMID: 26977381 PMCID: PMC4778505 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) plays an important role in several biological processes, being identified as a key regulator of many protein functions. For instance, it acts as a mediator of inflammatory responses. The mediation of the inflammation process happens due to the interaction of C1P with the C2 domain of cPLA2α, an effector protein that needs the presence of submicromolar concentrations of calcium ions. The aim of this study was to determine the phase behaviour and structural properties of C1P in the presence and absence of millimolar quantities of calcium in a well-defined pH environment. For that purpose, we used monomolecular films of C1P at the soft air/liquid interface with calcium ions in the subphase. The pH was varied to change the protonation degree of the C1P head group. We used surface pressure versus molecular area isotherms coupled with other monolayer techniques as Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD). The isotherms indicate that C1P monolayers are in a condensed state in the presence of calcium ions, regardless of the pH. At higher pH without calcium ions, the monolayer is in a liquid-expanded state due to repulsion between the negatively charged phosphate groups of the C1P molecules. When divalent calcium ions are added, they are able to bridge the highly charged phosphate groups, enhancing the regular arrangement of the head groups. Similar solidification of the monolayer structure can be seen in the presence of a 150 times larger concentration of monovalent sodium ions. Therefore, calcium ions have clearly a strong affinity for the phosphomonoester of C1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana S L Oliveira
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Colloid Chemistry Department, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Gerald Brezesinski
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Colloid Chemistry Department, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexandra Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - Arne Gericke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
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Baudiß K, de Paula Vieira R, Cicko S, Ayata K, Hossfeld M, Ehrat N, Gómez-Muñoz A, Eltzschig HK, Idzko M. C1P Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Preventing NF-κB Activation in Neutrophils. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2319-26. [PMID: 26800872 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) has been shown to modulate acute inflammatory events. Acute lung injury (Arnalich et al. 2000. Infect. Immun. 68: 1942-1945) is characterized by rapid alveolar injury, lung inflammation, induced cytokine production, neutrophil accumulation, and vascular leakage leading to lung edema. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of C1P during LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. To evaluate the effect of C1P, we used a prophylactic and therapeutic LPS-induced ALI model in C57BL/6 male mice. Our studies revealed that intrapulmonary application of C1P before (prophylactic) or 24 h after (therapeutic) LPS instillation decreased neutrophil trafficking to the lung, proinflammatory cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage, and alveolar capillary leakage. Mechanistically, C1P inhibited the LPS-triggered NF-κB levels in lung tissue in vivo. In addition, ex vivo experiments revealed that C1P also attenuates LPS-induced NF-κB phosphorylation and IL-8 production in human neutrophils. These results indicate C1P playing a role in dampening LPS-induced acute lung inflammation and suggest that C1P could be a valuable candidate for treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Baudiß
- Department of Pneumology, COPD and Asthma Research Group, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rodolfo de Paula Vieira
- Department of Pneumology, COPD and Asthma Research Group, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sanja Cicko
- Department of Pneumology, COPD and Asthma Research Group, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Korcan Ayata
- Department of Pneumology, COPD and Asthma Research Group, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Madelon Hossfeld
- Department of Pneumology, COPD and Asthma Research Group, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Ehrat
- Department of Pneumology, COPD and Asthma Research Group, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Antonio Gómez-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; and
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Marco Idzko
- Department of Pneumology, COPD and Asthma Research Group, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
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Petrache I, Berdyshev EV. Ceramide Signaling and Metabolism in Pathophysiological States of the Lung. Annu Rev Physiol 2015; 78:463-80. [PMID: 26667073 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021115-105221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Following the discovery of ceramide as the central signaling and metabolic relay among sphingolipids, studies of its involvement in lung health and pathophysiology have exponentially increased. In this review, we highlight key studies in the context of recent progress in metabolomics and translational research methodologies. Evidence points toward an important role for the ceramide/sphingosine-1-phosphate rheostat in maintaining lung cell survival, vascular barrier function, and proper host response to airway microbial infections. Sphingosine kinase 1 has emerged as an important determinant of sphingosine-1-phosphate lung levels, which, when aberrantly high, contribute to lung fibrosis, maladaptive vascular remodeling, and allergic asthma. New sphingolipid metabolites have been discovered as potential biomarkers of several lung diseases. Although multiple acute and chronic lung pathological conditions involve perturbations in sphingolipid signaling and metabolism, there are specific patterns, unique sphingolipid species, enzymes, metabolites, and receptors, which have emerged that deepen our understanding of lung pathophysiology and inform the development of new therapies for lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Petrache
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206; ,
| | - Evgeny V Berdyshev
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206; ,
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Höglinger D, Haberkant P, Aguilera-Romero A, Riezman H, Porter FD, Platt FM, Galione A, Schultz C. Intracellular sphingosine releases calcium from lysosomes. eLife 2015; 4:e10616. [PMID: 26613410 PMCID: PMC4744193 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate new functions of sphingosine (Sph), we demonstrate that the spontaneous elevation of intracellular Sph levels via caged Sph leads to a significant and transient calcium release from acidic stores that is independent of sphingosine 1-phosphate, extracellular and ER calcium levels. This photo-induced Sph-driven calcium release requires the two-pore channel 1 (TPC1) residing on endosomes and lysosomes. Further, uncaging of Sph leads to the translocation of the autophagy-relevant transcription factor EB (TFEB) to the nucleus specifically after lysosomal calcium release. We confirm that Sph accumulates in late endosomes and lysosomes of cells derived from Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) patients and demonstrate a greatly reduced calcium release upon Sph uncaging. We conclude that sphingosine is a positive regulator of calcium release from acidic stores and that understanding the interplay between Sph homeostasis, calcium signaling and autophagy will be crucial in developing new therapies for lipid storage disorders such as NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Höglinger
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Per Haberkant
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Forbes D Porter
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carsten Schultz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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106
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Peterlin BL, Mielke MM, Dickens AM, Chatterjee S, Dash P, Alexander G, Vieira RVA, Bandaru VVR, Dorskind JM, Tietjen GE, Haughey NH. Interictal, circulating sphingolipids in women with episodic migraine: A case-control study. Neurology 2015; 85:1214-23. [PMID: 26354990 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate interictal, circulating sphingolipids in women migraineurs. METHODS In the fasting state, serum samples were obtained pain-free from 88 women with episodic migraine (EM; n=52) and from controls (n=36). Sphingolipids were detected and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry using multiple reaction monitoring. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between serum sphingolipids and EM odds. A recursive partitioning decision tree based on the serum concentrations of 10 sphingolipids was used to determine the presence or absence of EM in a subset of participants. RESULTS Total ceramide (EM 6,502.9 ng/mL vs controls 10,518.5 ng/mL; p<0.0001) and dihydroceramide (EM 39.3 ng/mL vs controls 63.1 ng/mL; p<0.0001) levels were decreased in those with EM as compared with controls. Using multivariate logistic regression, each SD increase in total ceramide (odds ratio [OR] 0.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02, 0.22; p<0.001) and total dihydroceramide (OR 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.21; p<0.001) levels was associated with more than 92% reduced odds of migraine. Although crude sphingomyelin levels were not different in EM compared with controls, after adjustments, every SD increase in the sphingomyelin species C18:0 (OR 4.28; 95% CI: 1.87, 9.81; p=0.001) and C18:1 (OR 2.93; 95% CI: 1.55, 5.54; p=0.001) was associated with an increased odds of migraine. Recursive portioning models correctly classified 14 of 14 randomly selected participants as EM or control. CONCLUSION These results suggest that sphingolipid metabolism is altered in women with EM and that serum sphingolipid panels may have potential to differentiate EM presence or absence. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that serum sphingolipid panels accurately distinguish women with migraine from women without migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lee Peterlin
- From the Department of Neurology (B.L.P., A.M.D., R.V.A.V., V.V.R.B., J.M.D., N.H.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Lipid Research Atherosclerosis Unit (S.C.), and Department of Psychiatry (N.H.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M.M.), Division of Epidemiology, and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (P.D.), Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Psychology (R.V.A.V.), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (G.E.T.), University of Toledo, OH.
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- From the Department of Neurology (B.L.P., A.M.D., R.V.A.V., V.V.R.B., J.M.D., N.H.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Lipid Research Atherosclerosis Unit (S.C.), and Department of Psychiatry (N.H.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M.M.), Division of Epidemiology, and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (P.D.), Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Psychology (R.V.A.V.), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (G.E.T.), University of Toledo, OH
| | - Alex M Dickens
- From the Department of Neurology (B.L.P., A.M.D., R.V.A.V., V.V.R.B., J.M.D., N.H.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Lipid Research Atherosclerosis Unit (S.C.), and Department of Psychiatry (N.H.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M.M.), Division of Epidemiology, and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (P.D.), Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Psychology (R.V.A.V.), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (G.E.T.), University of Toledo, OH
| | - Subroto Chatterjee
- From the Department of Neurology (B.L.P., A.M.D., R.V.A.V., V.V.R.B., J.M.D., N.H.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Lipid Research Atherosclerosis Unit (S.C.), and Department of Psychiatry (N.H.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M.M.), Division of Epidemiology, and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (P.D.), Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Psychology (R.V.A.V.), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (G.E.T.), University of Toledo, OH
| | - Paul Dash
- From the Department of Neurology (B.L.P., A.M.D., R.V.A.V., V.V.R.B., J.M.D., N.H.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Lipid Research Atherosclerosis Unit (S.C.), and Department of Psychiatry (N.H.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M.M.), Division of Epidemiology, and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (P.D.), Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Psychology (R.V.A.V.), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (G.E.T.), University of Toledo, OH
| | - Guillermo Alexander
- From the Department of Neurology (B.L.P., A.M.D., R.V.A.V., V.V.R.B., J.M.D., N.H.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Lipid Research Atherosclerosis Unit (S.C.), and Department of Psychiatry (N.H.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M.M.), Division of Epidemiology, and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (P.D.), Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Psychology (R.V.A.V.), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (G.E.T.), University of Toledo, OH
| | - Rebeca V A Vieira
- From the Department of Neurology (B.L.P., A.M.D., R.V.A.V., V.V.R.B., J.M.D., N.H.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Lipid Research Atherosclerosis Unit (S.C.), and Department of Psychiatry (N.H.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M.M.), Division of Epidemiology, and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (P.D.), Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Psychology (R.V.A.V.), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (G.E.T.), University of Toledo, OH
| | - Veera Venkata Ratnam Bandaru
- From the Department of Neurology (B.L.P., A.M.D., R.V.A.V., V.V.R.B., J.M.D., N.H.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Lipid Research Atherosclerosis Unit (S.C.), and Department of Psychiatry (N.H.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M.M.), Division of Epidemiology, and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (P.D.), Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Psychology (R.V.A.V.), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (G.E.T.), University of Toledo, OH
| | - Joelle M Dorskind
- From the Department of Neurology (B.L.P., A.M.D., R.V.A.V., V.V.R.B., J.M.D., N.H.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Lipid Research Atherosclerosis Unit (S.C.), and Department of Psychiatry (N.H.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M.M.), Division of Epidemiology, and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (P.D.), Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Psychology (R.V.A.V.), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (G.E.T.), University of Toledo, OH
| | - Gretchen E Tietjen
- From the Department of Neurology (B.L.P., A.M.D., R.V.A.V., V.V.R.B., J.M.D., N.H.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Lipid Research Atherosclerosis Unit (S.C.), and Department of Psychiatry (N.H.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M.M.), Division of Epidemiology, and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (P.D.), Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Psychology (R.V.A.V.), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (G.E.T.), University of Toledo, OH
| | - Norman H Haughey
- From the Department of Neurology (B.L.P., A.M.D., R.V.A.V., V.V.R.B., J.M.D., N.H.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Lipid Research Atherosclerosis Unit (S.C.), and Department of Psychiatry (N.H.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M.M.), Division of Epidemiology, and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (P.D.), Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Psychology (R.V.A.V.), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (G.E.T.), University of Toledo, OH
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Yang Y, Ma T, Ge J, Quan X, Yang L, Zhu S, Huang L, Liu Z, Liu L, Geng D, Huang J, Luo Z. Facilitated Neural Differentiation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells by Electrical Stimulation and Nurr-1 Gene Transduction. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:1265-76. [PMID: 26337634 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x688957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuron-like cells derived from adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been considered one of the most promising cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurotrauma in the central nervous system (CNS). Thus far, extensive efforts have been made to facilitate neuronal differentiation of ADSCs, but limited progress has been achieved. In the present study, we tested the possibility of using a combination of electrical stimulation (ES) with Nurr-1 gene transduction to promote neuronal differentiation of ADSCs. The tolerance of ADSCs to ES was first examined by a cell apoptosis assay. The proliferation of cells was characterized using a CCK-8 assay. The morphology of cells was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The differentiation of ADSCs into neuron-like cells was examined by immunocytochemistry (ICC)-immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The gene expression of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2), β-tubulin, neurofilament 200 (NF-200), octamer binding transcription factor 4 (OCT-4), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) after stimulation was examined by qRT-PCR. We found that the optimal intensity of ES for neuronal differentiation of ADSCs was 1 V/cm. In addition, ES combined with Nurr-1 gene transduction increased the neuronal differentiation rate of ADSCs, the length of neurite-like processes, and the secretion of dopamine. Further studies showed that a combination of ES with Nurr-1 gene transduction was capable of promoting the expression of MAP-2, β-tubulin, and NF-200 but decreased the expression of OCT-4 and GFAP. All of these findings indicate that a combination of ES with Nurr-1 gene transduction could facilitate neuronal differentiation of ADSCs, which raises the possibility of its application in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurotrauma in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Yang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
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109
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Sanllehí P, Abad JL, Casas J, Delgado A. Inhibitors of sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism (sphingosine kinases and sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase). Chem Phys Lipids 2015. [PMID: 26200919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are essential structural and signaling molecules of eukaryotic cells. Among them, sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) is a recognized promoter of cell survival, also involved, inter alia, in inflammation and tumorigenesis processes. The knowledge and modulation of the enzymes implicated in the biosynthesis and degradation of S1P are capital to control the intracellular levels of this lipid and, ultimately, to determine the cell fate. Starting with a general overview of the main metabolic pathways involved in SL metabolism, this review is mainly focused on the description of the most relevant findings concerning the development of modulators of S1P, namely inhibitors of the enzymes regulating S1P synthesis (sphingosine kinases) and degradation (sphingosine 1 phosphate phosphatase and lyase). In addition, a brief overview of the most significant agonists and antagonists at the S1P receptors is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Sanllehí
- Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules, Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona (UB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, Unit of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Associated Unit to CSIC), Avga. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José-Luis Abad
- Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules, Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules, Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Delgado
- Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules, Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona (UB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, Unit of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Associated Unit to CSIC), Avga. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Cífková E, Holčapek M, Lísa M, Vrána D, Melichar B, Študent V. Lipidomic differentiation between human kidney tumors and surrounding normal tissues using HILIC-HPLC/ESI-MS and multivariate data analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015. [PMID: 26207874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of differences among polar lipid classes in tumors and surrounding normal tissues of 20 kidney cancer patients is performed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The detailed analysis of identified lipid classes using relative abundances of characteristic ions in negative- and positive-ion modes is used for the determination of more than 120 individual lipid species containing attached fatty acyls of different chain length and double bond number. Lipid species are described using relative abundances, providing a better visualization of lipidomic differences between tumor and normal tissues. The multivariate data analysis methods using unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised orthogonal partial least square (OPLS) are used for the characterization of statistically significant differences in identified lipid species. Ten most significant up- and down-regulated lipids in OPLS score plots are also displayed by box plots. A notable increase of relative abundances of lipids containing four and more double bonds is detected in tumor compared to normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Cífková
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Holčapek
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Lísa
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - David Vrána
- Palacký University, Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Department of Oncology, I.P. Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Palacký University, Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Department of Oncology, I.P. Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Študent
- Palacký University, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Urology, I.P. Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Baudiß K, Ayata CK, Lazar Z, Cicko S, Beckert J, Meyer A, Zech A, Vieira RP, Bittman R, Gómez-Muñoz A, Merfort I, Idzko M. Ceramide-1-phosphate inhibits cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation. Eur Respir J 2015; 45:1669-80. [PMID: 25614161 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00080014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. The central molecule is ceramide, which can be converted into ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P). Although C1P can exert anti- and pro-inflammatory effects, its influence on cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung inflammation is unknown. We aimed to clarify the role of C1P in the pathogenesis of CS-triggered pulmonary inflammation and emphysema in humans and mice. The effects of C1P were addressed on CS-induced lung inflammation in C57BL/6 mice, CS extract-triggered activation of human airway epithelial cells (AECs) and neutrophils from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined by flow cytometry and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA. Expression and DNA binding of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) were quantified by PCR, electrophoretic mobility shift and fluorometric assays. C1P reduced CS-induced acute and chronic lung inflammation and development of emphysema in mice, which was associated with a reduction in nSMase and NF-κB activity in the lungs. nSMase activity in human serum correlated negatively with forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted. In human AECs and neutrophils, C1P inhibited CS-induced activation of NF-κB and nSMase, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Our results suggest that C1P is a potential target for anti-inflammatory treatment in CS-induced lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Baudiß
- Dept of Pneumology, COPD and Asthma Research Group, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cemil Korcan Ayata
- Dept of Pneumology, COPD and Asthma Research Group, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zsofia Lazar
- Dept of Pneumology, COPD and Asthma Research Group, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sanja Cicko
- Dept of Pneumology, COPD and Asthma Research Group, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Beckert
- Dept of Pneumology, COPD and Asthma Research Group, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anja Meyer
- Dept of Pneumology, COPD and Asthma Research Group, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zech
- Dept of Pneumology, COPD and Asthma Research Group, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rodolfo Paula Vieira
- Dept of Pneumology, COPD and Asthma Research Group, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bittman
- Dept of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Gómez-Muñoz
- Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- Dept of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Idzko
- Dept of Pneumology, COPD and Asthma Research Group, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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112
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Babenko NA, Kharchenko VS. Modulation of Insulin Sensitivity of Hepatocytes by the Pharmacological Downregulation of Phospholipase D. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:794838. [PMID: 26089893 PMCID: PMC4458285 DOI: 10.1155/2015/794838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The role of phospholipase D (PLD) as a positive modulator of glucose uptake activation by insulin in muscle and adipose cells has been demonstrated. The role of PLD in the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin in the primary hepatocytes has been determined in this study. Methods. For this purpose, we studied effects of inhibitors of PLD on glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis stimulation by insulin. To determine the PLD activity, the method based on determination of products of transphosphatidylation reaction, phosphatidylethanol or phosphatidylbutanol, was used. Results. Inhibition of PLD by a general antagonist (1-butanol) or specific inhibitor, halopemide, or N-hexanoylsphingosine, or by cellular ceramides accumulated in doxorubicin-treated hepatocytes decreased insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism. Doxorubicin-induced hepatocytes resistance to insulin action could be abolished by inhibition of ceramide production. Halopemide could nullify this effect. Addition of propranolol, as well as inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) (wortmannin, LY294002) or suppressors of Akt phosphorylation/activity, luteolin-7-O-glucoside or apigenin-7-O-glucoside, to the culture media could block cell response to insulin action. Conclusion. PLD plays an important role in the insulin signaling in the hepatocytes. PLD is activated downstream of PI3-kinase and Akt and is highly sensitive to ceramide content in the liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya A. Babenko
- Department of Physiology of Ontogenesis, Biology Research Institute, Karazin Kharkov National University, Svobody Square 4, Kharkov 61022, Ukraine
- *Nataliya A. Babenko:
| | - Vitalina S. Kharchenko
- Department of Physiology of Ontogenesis, Biology Research Institute, Karazin Kharkov National University, Svobody Square 4, Kharkov 61022, Ukraine
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Glucosylceramides are required for mycelial growth and full virulence in Penicillium digitatum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 455:165-71. [PMID: 25449268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucosylceramides (GlcCers) are important lipid components of the membrane systems of eukaryotes. Recent studies have suggested the roles for GlcCers in regulating fungal growth and pathogenesis. In this study, we report the identification and functional characterization of PdGcs1, a gene encoding GlcCer synthase (GCS) essential for the biosynthesis of GlcCers, in Penicilliumdigitatum genome. We demonstrated that the deletion of PdGcs1 in P. digitatum resulted in the complete loss of production of GlcCer (d18:1/18:0 h) and GlcCer (d18:2/18:0 h), a decrease in vegetation growth and sporulation, and a delay in spore germination. The virulence of the PdGcs1 deletion mutant on citrus fruits was also impaired, as evidenced by the delayed occurrence of water soaking lesion and the formation of smaller size of lesion. These results suggest that PdGcs1 is a bona fide GCS that plays an important role in regulating cell growth, differentiation, and virulence of P. digitatum by controlling the biosynthesis of GlcCers.
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Bi FC, Liu Z, Wu JX, Liang H, Xi XL, Fang C, Sun TJ, Yin J, Dai GY, Rong C, Greenberg JT, Su WW, Yao N. Loss of ceramide kinase in Arabidopsis impairs defenses and promotes ceramide accumulation and mitochondrial H2O2 bursts. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:3449-67. [PMID: 25149397 PMCID: PMC4176443 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.127050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana plants that lack ceramide kinase, encoded by ACCELERATED CELL DEATH5 (ACD5), display spontaneous programmed cell death late in development and accumulate substrates of ACD5. Here, we compared ceramide accumulation kinetics, defense responses, ultrastructural features, and sites of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in wild-type and acd5 plants during development and/or Botrytis cinerea infection. Quantitative sphingolipid profiling indicated that ceramide accumulation in acd5 paralleled the appearance of spontaneous cell death, and it was accompanied by autophagy and mitochondrial ROS accumulation. Plants lacking ACD5 differed significantly from the wild type in their responses to B. cinerea, showing earlier and higher increases in ceramides, greater disease, smaller cell wall appositions (papillae), reduced callose deposition and apoplastic ROS, and increased mitochondrial ROS. Together, these data show that ceramide kinase greatly affects sphingolipid metabolism and the site of ROS accumulation during development and infection, which likely explains the developmental and infection-related cell death phenotypes. The acd5 plants also showed an early defect in restricting B. cinerea germination and growth, which occurred prior to the onset of cell death. This early defect in B. cinerea restriction in acd5 points to a role for ceramide phosphate and/or the balance of ceramides in mediating early antifungal responses that are independent of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Cheng Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Xue-Li Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Ce Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Tie-Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Yi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Chan Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Jean T Greenberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Wei-Wei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Nan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
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115
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Ke C, Hou Y, Zhang H, Fan L, Ge T, Guo B, Zhang F, Yang K, Wang J, Lou G, Li K. Large-scale profiling of metabolic dysregulation in ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:516-26. [PMID: 24895217 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death in gynecologic malignancies. Profiling of endogenous metabolites has potential to identify changes caused by cancer and provide inspiring insights into cancer metabolism. To systematically investigate ovarian cancer metabolism, we performed metabolic profiling of 448 plasma samples related to epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry in both positive and negative modes. These unbiased metabolomic profiles could well distinguish EOC from benign ovarian tumor (BOT) and uterine fibroid (UF). Fifty-three metabolites were identified as specific biomarkers for EOC, and this is the first report of piperine, 3-indolepropionic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde and hydroxyphenyllactate as metabolic biomarkers of EOC. The AUC values of these metabolites for discriminating EOC from BOT/UF and early-stage EOC from BOT/UF were 0.9100/0.9428 and 0.8385/0.8624, respectively. Meanwhile, our metabolites were able to distinguish early-stage EOC from late-stage EOC with an AUC of 0.8801. Importantly, analysis of dysregulated metabolic pathways extends our current understanding of EOC metabolism. Metabolic pathways in EOC patients are mainly characterized by abnormal phospholipid metabolism, altered l-tryptophan catabolism, aggressive fatty acid β-oxidation and aberrant metabolism of piperidine derivatives. Together, these metabolic pathways provide a foundation to support cancer development and progression. In conclusion, our large-scale plasma metabolomics study yielded fundamental insights into dysregulated metabolism in ovarian cancer, which could facilitate clinical diagnosis, therapy, prognosis and shed new lights on ovarian cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofu Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Public Health School, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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116
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Freed JK, Beyer AM, LoGiudice JA, Hockenberry JC, Gutterman DD. Ceramide changes the mediator of flow-induced vasodilation from nitric oxide to hydrogen peroxide in the human microcirculation. Circ Res 2014; 115:525-32. [PMID: 24920698 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.303881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mitochondrial-derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) regulates flow-induced dilation (FID) in microvessels from patients with coronary artery disease. The relationship between ceramide, an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease and a known inducer of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and FID is unknown. OBJECTIVE We examined the hypothesis that exogenous ceramide induces a switch in the mediator of FID from nitric oxide to H2O2. METHODS AND RESULTS Internal diameter changes of resistance arterioles from human adipose and atrial tissue were measured by video microscopy. Mitochondrial H2O2 production was assayed in arterioles using mito peroxy yellow 1. Polyethylene glycol-catalase, rotenone, and Mito-TEMPO impaired FID in healthy adipose arterioles pretreated with ceramide, whereas N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester had no effect. Mitochondrial H2O2 production was induced in response to flow in healthy adipose vessels pretreated with ceramide, and this was abolished in the presence of polyethylene glycol-catalase. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated ceramide accumulation in arterioles from both healthy patients and patients with coronary artery disease. N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester reduced vasodilation to flow in adipose as well as atrial vessels from patients with coronary artery disease incubated with GW4869, a neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitor, whereas polyethylene glycol-catalase had no effect. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that ceramide has an integral role in the transition of the mediator of FID from nitric oxide to mitochondrial-derived H2O2 and that inhibition of ceramide production can revert the mechanism of dilation back to nitric oxide. Ceramide may be an important target for preventing and treating vascular dysfunction associated with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K Freed
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K.F), Medicine-Cardiovascular Center (A.M.B., J.C.H., D.D.G.), and Plastic Surgery (J.A.L.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI (D.D.G.)
| | - Andreas M Beyer
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K.F), Medicine-Cardiovascular Center (A.M.B., J.C.H., D.D.G.), and Plastic Surgery (J.A.L.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI (D.D.G.)
| | - John A LoGiudice
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K.F), Medicine-Cardiovascular Center (A.M.B., J.C.H., D.D.G.), and Plastic Surgery (J.A.L.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI (D.D.G.)
| | - Joseph C Hockenberry
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K.F), Medicine-Cardiovascular Center (A.M.B., J.C.H., D.D.G.), and Plastic Surgery (J.A.L.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI (D.D.G.)
| | - David D Gutterman
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K.F), Medicine-Cardiovascular Center (A.M.B., J.C.H., D.D.G.), and Plastic Surgery (J.A.L.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI (D.D.G.).
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117
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Ling YS, Liang HJ, Chung MH, Lin MH, Lin CY. NMR- and MS-based metabolomics: various organ responses following naphthalene intervention. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:1918-31. [PMID: 24802150 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00090k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Naphthalene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant capable of causing illness. In this study, we deconvoluted the metabolites related to naphthalene intervention in various organs by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Male ICR mice were intraperitoneally dosed with olive oil (vehicle), and a low dose and a high dose (100 and 200 mg kg(-1) body wt, respectively) of naphthalene. After 48 h, the lungs, liver, and kidneys were collected for analysing the metabolic responses. The metabolites were extracted and non-targeted profiled using NMR. Low NMR resolution limited the identification of the hydrophobic metabolites. Therefore, LC-MS/MS-based focus lipidomics was applied to profile phosphorylcholine-containing lipids and sphingolipids. Chemometric analysis revealed that succinate and lactate were significantly increased in the lungs, suggesting that energy metabolisms and antioxidation were increased following naphthalene treatment. In the liver, anti-oxidative stress-related metabolites increased, enabling the oxidative stress during naphthalene biotransformation and detoxification to be overcome. The elevation of glutathione protected kidneys from reactive-naphthalene-metabolite-induced injury. Significant alteration of hydrophobic metabolites (membrane constituents) revealed lung and liver were the target organs of naphthalene treatment. MS data demonstrated that phosphatidylcholine (PC) and ceramide species were significantly altered in the lungs and liver, whereas only PC was observed in the kidneys. Elevated numbers of unsaturated bonds and fatty acyl chains in both ceramides and PCs were determined to reduce cellular membrane rigidity and facilitating the trafficking of recovery elements into the cell for rejuvenation. To conclude, the complementary results of NMR- and MS-based metabolomics enabled the characterization of naphthalene-induced changes in various organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Soon Ling
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 1, Jen-ai Rd., Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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Lim WLF, Martins IJ, Martins RN. The involvement of lipids in Alzheimer's disease. J Genet Genomics 2014; 41:261-74. [PMID: 24894353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It has been estimated that Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, will affect approximately 81 million individuals by 2040. To date, the actual cause and cascade of events in the progression of this disease have not been fully determined. Furthermore, there is currently no definitive blood test or simple diagnostic method for AD. Considerable efforts have been put into proteomic approaches to develop a diagnostic blood test, but to date these efforts have not been successful. More recently, there has been a stronger focus on lipidomic studies in the hope of increasing our understanding of the underlying mechanisms leading to AD and developing an AD blood test. It is well known that the strongest genetic risk factor for AD is the ε4 variant of apolipoprotein E (APOE). Evidence suggests that the ApoE protein, a major lipid transporter, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AD, and its role in both normal and aberrant lipid metabolism warrants further extensive investigation. Here, we review ApoE-lipid interactions, as well as the roles that lipids may play in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ling Florence Lim
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia; Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, Joondalup 6027, Australia
| | - Ian James Martins
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia; Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, Joondalup 6027, Australia
| | - Ralph Nigel Martins
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia; Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, Joondalup 6027, Australia; McCusker Foundation for Alzheimer's Disease Research Inc., Suite 22, Hollywood Medical Centre, Nedlands 6009, Australia; School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia.
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Ceramide-enriched LDL induces cytokine release through TLR4 and CD14 in monocytes. Similarities with electronegative LDL. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2014; 26:131-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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120
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Al-Zhoughbi W, Huang J, Paramasivan GS, Till H, Pichler M, Guertl-Lackner B, Hoefler G, Hoefler G. Tumor macroenvironment and metabolism. Semin Oncol 2014; 41:281-95. [PMID: 24787299 PMCID: PMC4012137 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this review we introduce the concept of the tumor macroenvironment and explore it in the context of metabolism. Tumor cells interact with the tumor microenvironment including immune cells. Blood and lymph vessels are the critical components that deliver nutrients to the tumor and also connect the tumor to the macroenvironment. Several factors are then released from the tumor itself but potentially also from the tumor microenvironment, influencing the metabolism of distant tissues and organs. Amino acids, and distinct lipid and lipoprotein species can be essential for further tumor growth. The role of glucose in tumor metabolism has been studied extensively. Cancer-associated cachexia is the most important tumor-associated systemic syndrome and not only affects the quality of life of patients with various malignancies but is estimated to be the cause of death in 15%-20% of all cancer patients. On the other hand, systemic metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes are known to influence tumor development. Furthermore, the clinical implications of the tumor macroenvironment are explored in the context of the patient's outcome with special consideration for pediatric tumors. Finally, ways to target the tumor macroenvironment that will provide new approaches for therapeutic concepts are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Al-Zhoughbi
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Holger Till
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,Address correspondence to Gerald Hoefler, MD, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Phuyal S, Hessvik NP, Skotland T, Sandvig K, Llorente A. Regulation of exosome release by glycosphingolipids and flotillins. FEBS J 2014; 281:2214-27. [PMID: 24605801 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are released by cells after fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. The molecular mechanism of this process is still unclear. We investigated the role of sphingolipids and flotillins, which constitute a raft-associated family of proteins, in the release of exosomes. Interestingly, our results show that dl-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol, an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase, seemed to affect the composition of exosomes released from PC-3 cells. However, the inhibition of ceramide formation from the de novo pathway by fumonisin B1 did not affect exosome secretion. Moreover, in contrast to findings obtained with other cell lines published so far, inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinase 2, an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of ceramide from sphingomyelin, did not inhibit the secretion of exosomes in PC-3 cells. Finally, small interfering RNA-mediated downregulation of flotillin-1 and flotillin-2 did not significantly change the levels of released exosomes as such, but seemed to affect the composition of exosomes. In conclusion, our results reveal the involvement of glycosphingolipids and flotillins in the release of exosomes from PC-3 cells, and indicate that the role of ceramide in exosome formation may be cell-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Phuyal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital - The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Norway; Center for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
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Plasma and serum lipidomics of healthy white adults shows characteristic profiles by subjects' gender and age. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91806. [PMID: 24632803 PMCID: PMC3954792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood is a commonly used biofluid for biomarker discovery. Although blood lipid metabolites are considered to be potential biomarker candidates, their fundamental properties are not well characterized. We aimed to (1) investigate the matrix type (serum vs. plasma) that may be preferable for lipid biomarker exploration, (2) elucidate age- and gender-associated differences in lipid metabolite levels, and (3) examine the stability of lipid metabolites in matrix samples subjected to repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we performed lipidomic analyses for fasting plasma and serum samples for four groups (15 subjects/group) of young and elderly (25-34 and 55-64 years old, respectively) males and females and for an additional aliquot of samples from young males, which were subjected to repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Lysophosphatidylcholine and diacylglycerol levels were higher in serum than in plasma samples, suggesting that the clotting process influences serum lipid metabolite levels. Gender-associated differences highlighted that the levels of many sphingomyelin species were significantly higher in females than in males, irrespective of age and matrix (plasma and serum). Age-associated differences were more prominent in females than in males, and in both matrices, levels of many triacylglycerols were significantly higher in elderly females than in young females. Plasma and serum levels of most lipid metabolites were reduced by freeze-thawing. Our results indicate that plasma is an optimal matrix for exploring lipid biomarkers because it represents the original properties of an individual's blood sample. In addition, the levels of some blood lipid species of healthy adults showed gender- and age-associated differences; thus, this should be considered during biomarker exploration and its application in diagnostics. Our fundamental findings on sample selection and handling procedures for measuring blood lipid metabolites is important for ensuring the quality of biomarkers identified and its qualification process.
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Kim C, Schneider G, Abdel-Latif A, Mierzejewska K, Sunkara M, Borkowska S, Ratajczak J, Morris AJ, Kucia M, Ratajczak MZ. Ceramide-1-phosphate regulates migration of multipotent stromal cells and endothelial progenitor cells--implications for tissue regeneration. Stem Cells 2014. [PMID: 23193025 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) is a bioactive lipid that, in contrast to ceramide, is an antiapoptotic molecule released from cells that are damaged and "leaky." As reported recently, C1P promotes migration of hematopoietic cells. In this article, we tested the hypothesis that C1P released upon tissue damage may play an underappreciated role in chemoattraction of various types of stem cells and endothelial cells involved in tissue/organ regeneration. We show for the first time that C1P is upregulated in damaged tissues and chemoattracts bone marrow (BM)-derived multipotent stromal cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and very small embryonic-like stem cells. Furthermore, compared to other bioactive lipids, C1P more potently chemoattracted human umbilical vein endothelial cells and stimulated tube formation by these cells. C1P also promoted in vivo vascularization of Matrigel implants and stimulated secretion of stromal cell-derived factor-1 from BM-derived fibroblasts. Thus, our data demonstrate, for the first time, that C1P is a potent bioactive lipid released from damaged cells that potentially plays an important and novel role in recruitment of stem/progenitor cells to damaged organs and may promote their vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihwa Kim
- Stem Cell Institute at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
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Zemski Berry KA, Gordon WC, Murphy RC, Bazan NG. Spatial organization of lipids in the human retina and optic nerve by MALDI imaging mass spectrometry. J Lipid Res 2013; 55:504-15. [PMID: 24367044 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m044990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) was used to characterize lipid species within sections of human eyes. Common phospholipids that are abundant in most tissues were not highly localized and observed throughout the accessory tissue, optic nerve, and retina. Triacylglycerols were highly localized in accessory tissue, whereas sulfatide and plasmalogen glycerophosphoethanolamine (PE) lipids with a monounsaturated fatty acid were found enriched in the optic nerve. Additionally, several lipids were associated solely with the inner retina, photoreceptors, or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE); a plasmalogen PE lipid containing DHA (22:6), PE(P-18:0/22:6), was present exclusively in the inner retina, and DHA-containing glycerophosphatidylcholine (PC) and PE lipids were found solely in photoreceptors. PC lipids containing very long chain (VLC)-PUFAs were detected in photoreceptors despite their low abundance in the retina. Ceramide lipids and the bis-retinoid, N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine, was tentatively identified and found only in the RPE. This MALDI IMS study readily revealed the location of many lipids that have been associated with degenerative retinal diseases. Complex lipid localization within retinal tissue provides a global view of lipid organization and initial evidence for specific functions in localized regions, offering opportunities to assess their significance in retinal diseases, such as macular degeneration, where lipids have been implicated in the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin A Zemski Berry
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045; and
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Shiohira S, Yoshida T, Sugiura H, Nishida M, Nitta K, Tsuchiya K. Sphingosine-1-phosphate acts as a key molecule in the direct mediation of renal fibrosis. Physiol Rep 2013; 1:e00172. [PMID: 24744854 PMCID: PMC3970738 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The major sphingolipid metabolite, sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P), has important biological functions. S1P serves as a ligand for a family of five G‐protein‐coupled receptors with distinct signaling pathways regulating important biological pathways. S1P induces renal fibrosis through an inflammatory pathway. However, its direct fibrosis‐inducing effect on the kidney has not been shown. The role of S1P as a direct mediator of renal fibrosis was investigated in normal rat kidney interstitial fibroblast (NRK‐49F) cells (in vitro) and kidneys of a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model (in vivo). To clarify the role of S1P in renal fibrosis, we adopted nude UUO mice with immune response deficits. NRK‐49F cells were stimulated with various concentrations of exogenous S1P and FTY720 (a S1P receptor agonist) or N,N‐dimethylsphingosine (DMS; a sphingosine kinase inhibitor). C57BL6 and nude UUO mice were pretreated with FTY720, DMS, or saline. Expression levels of alpha‐smooth muscle actin (a‐SMA), E‐cadherin, collagen type 1 (COL1), collagen type 4 (COL4), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP1), and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI1) were examined. S1P stimulated fibrosis in NRK‐49F cells and UUO mice. Increased a‐SMA, COL1, COL4, TIMP1, and PAI1 and decreased E‐cadherin expression levels were observed in both the S1P‐stimulated cells and UUO mice. Nude UUO mouse kidneys expressed fibrotic markers. Fibrotic changes were successfully induced in both UUO and nude UUO mice, evident through prominent fibronectin and COL1 staining. These S1P‐induced fibrotic changes were suppressed by FTY720 and DMS both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, S1P essentially and directly mediates renal fibrosis. Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) stimulated fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo. Fibrotic changes were successfully induced in both unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and nude mice with UUO. These results suggest that S1P is a pivotal fibrotic mediator in renal fibrosis that acts, in part, through direct fibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Shiohira
- Department of Medicine IV, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Yoshida
- Department of Medicine IV, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan ; Yoshida Medical Clinic, Suginami, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Sugiura
- Department of Medicine IV, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Nishida
- Department of Medicine IV, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosaku Nitta
- Department of Medicine IV, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Tsuchiya
- Department of Medicine IV, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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Louie SM, Roberts LS, Mulvihill MM, Luo K, Nomura DK. Cancer cells incorporate and remodel exogenous palmitate into structural and oncogenic signaling lipids. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1566-72. [PMID: 23872477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
De novo lipogenesis is considered the primary source of fatty acids for lipid synthesis in cancer cells, even in the presence of exogenous fatty acids. Here, we have used an isotopic fatty acid labeling strategy coupled with metabolomic profiling platforms to comprehensively map palmitic acid incorporation into complex lipids in cancer cells. We show that cancer cells and tumors robustly incorporate and remodel exogenous palmitate into structural and oncogenic glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and ether lipids. We also find that fatty acid incorporation into oxidative pathways is reduced in aggressive human cancer cells, and instead shunted into pathways for generating structural and signaling lipids. Our results demonstrate that cancer cells do not solely rely on de novo lipogenesis, but also utilize exogenous fatty acids for generating lipids required for proliferation and protumorigenic lipid signaling. This article is part of a special issue entitled Lipid Metabolism in Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Louie
- Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Lindsay S Roberts
- Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Melinda M Mulvihill
- Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Kunxin Luo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
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127
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Development and validation of LC-MS/MS method for determination of very long acyl chain (C22:0 and C24:0) ceramides in human plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7357-65. [PMID: 23857140 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide is a key metabolite in both anabolic and catabolic pathways of sphingolipids. The very long fatty acyl chain ceramides N-(docosanoyl)-sphing-4-enine (Cer(22:0)) and N-(tetracosanoyl)-sphing-4-enine (Cer(24:0)) are associated with multiple biological functions. Elevated levels of these sphingolipids in tissues and in the circulation have been associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. To facilitate quantification of these very long chain ceramides in clinical samples from human subjects, we have developed a sensitive, accurate, and high-throughput assay for determination of Cer(22:0) and Cer(24:0) in human plasma. Cer(22:0) and Cer(24:0) and their deuterated internal standards were extracted by protein precipitation and chromatographically separated by HPLC. The analytes and their internal standards were ionized using positive-ion electrospray mass spectrometry, then detected by multiple-reaction monitoring with a tandem mass spectrometer. Total liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) runtime was 5 min. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 0.02-4 and 0.08-16 μg/ml for Cer(22:0) and Cer(24:0), respectively, in human plasma with corresponding absolute recoveries from plasma at 109 and 114 %, respectively. The lower limit of quantifications were 0.02 and 0.08 μg/ml for Cer(22:0) and Cer(24:0), respectively. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the calibration curve ranges. With the semi-automated format and short LC runtime for the assay, a throughput of ∼200 samples/day can easily be achieved.
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128
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Karapetyan AV, Klyachkin YM, Selim S, Sunkara M, Ziada KM, Cohen DA, Zuba-Surma EK, Ratajczak J, Smyth SS, Ratajczak MZ, Morris AJ, Abdel-Latif A. Bioactive lipids and cationic antimicrobial peptides as new potential regulators for trafficking of bone marrow-derived stem cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1645-56. [PMID: 23282236 PMCID: PMC3657281 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) triggers mobilization of stem cells from bone marrow (BM) into peripheral blood (PB). Based on our observation that the bioactive sphingophospholipids, sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P), and ceramide-1 phosphate (C1P) regulate trafficking of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), we explored whether they also direct trafficking of non-hematopoietic stem cells (non-HSCs). We detected a 3-6-fold increase in circulating CD34+, CD133+, and CXCR4+ lineage-negative (Lin-)/CD45- cells that are enriched in non-HSCs [including endothelial progenitors (EPCs) and very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs)] in PB from AMI patients (P<0.05 vs. controls). Concurrently, we measured a ∼3-fold increase in S1P and C1P levels in plasma from AMI patients. At the same time, plasma obtained at hospital admission and 6 h after AMI strongly chemoattracted human BM-derived CD34+/Lin- and CXCR4+/Lin- cells in Transwell chemotaxis assays. This effect of plasma was blunted after depletion of S1P level by charcoal stripping and was further inhibited by the specific S1P1 receptor antagonist such as W146 and VPC23019. We also noted that the expression of S1P receptor 1 (S1P1), which is dominant in naïve BM, is reduced after the exposure to S1P at concentrations similar to the plasma S1P levels in patients with AMI, thus influencing the role of S1P in homing to the injured myocardium. Therefore, we examined mechanisms, other than bioactive lipids, that may contribute to the homing of BM non-HSCs to the infarcted myocardium. Hypoxic cardiac tissue increases the expression of cathelicidin and β-2 defensin, which could explain why PB cells isolated from patients with AMI migrated more efficiently to a low, yet physiological, gradient of stromal-derived factor-1 in Transwell migration assays. Together, these observations suggest that while elevated S1P and C1P levels early in the course of AMI may trigger mobilization of non-HSCs into PB, cathelicidin and β-2 defensin could play an important role in their homing to damaged myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anush V. Karapetyan
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Yuri M. Klyachkin
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Samy Selim
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Manjula Sunkara
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Khaled M. Ziada
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Donald A. Cohen
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Ewa K. Zuba-Surma
- Stem Cell Biology Institute, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Janina Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Biology Institute, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Susan S. Smyth
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Mariusz Z. Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Biology Institute, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Arana L, Ordoñez M, Ouro A, Rivera IG, Gangoiti P, Trueba M, Gomez-Muñoz A. Ceramide 1-phosphate induces macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 release: involvement in ceramide 1-phosphate-stimulated cell migration. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E1213-26. [PMID: 23548612 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00480.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The bioactive sphingolipid ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P) is implicated in inflammatory responses and was recently shown to promote cell migration. However, the mechanisms involved in these actions are poorly described. Using J774A.1 macrophages, we have now discovered a new biological activity of C1P: stimulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) release. This novel effect of C1P was pertussis toxin (PTX) sensitive, suggesting the intervention of Gi protein-coupled receptors. Treatment of the macrophages with C1P caused activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellularly regulated kinases (ERK), and p38 pathways. Inhibition of these kinases using selective inhibitors or specific siRNA blocked the stimulation of MCP-1 release by C1P. C1P stimulated nuclear factor-κB activity, and blockade of this transcription factor also resulted in complete inhibition of MCP-1 release. Also, C1P stimulated MCP-1 release and cell migration in human THP-1 monocytes and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. A key observation was that sequestration of MCP-1 with a neutralizing antibody or treatment with MCP-1 siRNA abolished C1P-stimulated cell migration. Also, inhibition of the pathways involved in C1P-stimulated MCP-1 release completely blocked the stimulation of cell migration by C1P. It can be concluded that C1P promotes MCP-1 release in different cell types and that this chemokine is a major mediator of C1P-stimulated cell migration. The PI3K/Akt, MEK/ERK, and p38 pathways are important downstream effectors in this action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lide Arana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
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130
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Kawabori M, Kacimi R, Karliner JS, Yenari MA. Sphingolipids in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems: Pathological implications and potential therapeutic targets. World J Cardiol 2013; 5:75-86. [PMID: 23675553 PMCID: PMC3653015 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v5.i4.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipid metabolites ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its enzyme sphingosine kinase (SphK) play an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival, inflammation, and cell death. Ceramide and sphingosine usually inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis, while its metabolite S1P phosphorylated by SphK stimulates growth and suppresses apoptosis. Because these metabolites are interconvertible, it has been proposed that it is not the absolute amounts of these metabolites but rather their relative levels that determine cell fate. The relevance of this “sphingolipid rheostat” and its role in regulating cell fate has been borne out by work in many labs using many different cell types and experimental manipulations. A central finding of these studies is that SphK is a critical regulator of the sphingolipid rheostat, as it not only produces the pro-growth, anti-apoptotic messenger S1P, but also decreases levels of pro-apoptotic ceramide and sphingosine. Activation of bioactive sphingolipid S1P signaling has emerged as a critical protective pathway in response to acute ischemic injury in both cardiac and cerebrovascular disease, and these observations have considerable relevance for future potential therapeutic targets.
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131
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Mehta G, Modugu NR. Concise Approach to the Carbocyclic Core of the Naturally Occurring Sphingomyelinase Inhibitor Scyphostatin. J Org Chem 2013; 78:3367-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3028196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Goverdhan Mehta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Nagi Reddy Modugu
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
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Jung JS, Shin KO, Lee YM, Shin JA, Park EM, Jeong J, Kim DH, Choi JW, Kim HS. Anti-inflammatory mechanism of exogenous C2 ceramide in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1016-26. [PMID: 23384839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide is a major molecule among the sphingolipid metabolites which are produced in the brain and other organs and act as intracellular second messengers. Although a variety of physiological roles of ceramide have been reported in the periphery and central nervous systems, the role of ceramide in microglial activation has not been clearly demonstrated. In the present study, we examined the effects of exogenous cell permeable short chain ceramides on microglial activation in vitro and in vivo. We found that C2, C6, and C8 ceramide and C8 ceramide-1-phosphate inhibited iNOS and proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells and rat primary microglia. In addition, the administration of C2 ceramide suppressed microglial activation in the brains of LPS-exposed mice. By HPLC and LC/MS/MS analyses, we found that C2 ceramide on its own, rather than its modified form (i.e. ceramide-1-phosphate or long chain ceramides), mainly work by penetrating into microglial cells. Further mechanistic studies by using the most effective C2 ceramide among the short chain ceramides tested, revealed that C2 ceramide exerts anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of the ROS, MAPKs, PI3K/Akt, and Jak/STAT pathways with upregulation of PKA and hemeoxygenase-1 expressions. Interestingly, we found that C2 ceramide inhibits TLR4 signaling by interfering with LPS and TLR4 interactions. Therefore, our data collectively suggests the therapeutic potential of short chain ceramides such as C2 for neuroinflammatory disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Jung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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de la Haba C, Palacio JR, Martínez P, Morros A. Effect of oxidative stress on plasma membrane fluidity of THP-1 induced macrophages. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:357-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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The Induction of Cytokine Release in Monocytes by Electronegative Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Is Related to Its Higher Ceramide Content than Native LDL. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:2601-16. [PMID: 23358250 PMCID: PMC3588005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14022601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronegative low-density lipoprotein (LDL(−)) is a minor modified LDL subfraction that is present in blood. LDL(−) promotes inflammation and is associated with the development of atherosclerosis. We previously reported that the increase of cytokine release promoted by this lipoprotein subfraction in monocytes is counteracted by high-density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL also inhibits a phospholipase C-like activity (PLC-like) intrinsic to LDL(−). The aim of this work was to assess whether the inhibition of the PLC-like activity by HDL could decrease the content of ceramide (CER) and diacylglycerol (DAG) generated in LDL(−). This knowledge would allow us to establish a relationship between these compounds and the inflammatory activity of LDL(−). LDL(−) incubated at 37 °C for 20 h increased its PLC-like activity and, subsequently, the amount of CER and DAG. We found that incubating LDL(−) with HDL decreased both products in LDL(−). Native LDL was modified by lipolysis with PLC or by incubation with CER-enriched or DAG-enriched liposomes. The increase of CER in native LDL significantly increased cytokine release, whereas the enrichment in DAG did not show these inflammatory properties. These data point to CER, a resultant product of the PLC-like activity, as a major determinant of the inflammatory activity induced by LDL(−) in monocytes.
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Abstract
Sphingolipids are an important class of lipid molecules that play fundamental roles in our cells and body. Beyond a structural role, it is now clearly established that sphingolipids serve as bioactive signaling molecules to regulate diverse processes including inflammatory signaling, cell death, proliferation, and pain sensing. Sphingolipid metabolites have been implicated in the onset and progression of various diseases including cancer, lung disease, diabetes, and lysosomal storage disorders. Here we review sphingolipid metabolism to introduce basic concepts as well as emerging complexities in sphingolipid function gained from modern technological advances and detailed cell and animal studies. Furthermore, we discuss the family of neutral sphingomyelinases (N-SMases), which generate ceramide through the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin and are key enzymes in sphingolipid metabolism. Four mammalian N-SMase enzymes have now been identified. Most prominent is nSMase2 with established roles in bone mineralization, exosome formation, and cellular stress responses. Function for the other N-SMases has been more enigmatic and is an area of active investigation. The known properties and potential role(s) of each enzyme are discussed to help guide future studies.
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Ratajczak MZ, Kim C, Ratajczak J, Janowska-Wieczorek A. Innate immunity as orchestrator of bone marrow homing for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 735:219-32. [PMID: 23402030 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4118-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The first step that precedes hematopoietic transplantation is elimination of pathological hematopoiesis by administration of myeloablative doses of radiochemotherapy. This eliminates hematolymphopoietic cells and at the same time damages hematopoietic microenvironment in bone marrow (BM). The damage of BM tissue leads to activation of complement cascade (CC), and bioactive CC cleavage fragments modulate several steps of BM recovery after transplantation of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs). Accordingly, C3 cleavage fragments (soluble C3a/desArgC3a and solid phase iC3b) and generation of soluble form of C5b-C9 also known as membrane attack complex (MAC) as well as release of antimicrobial cationic peptides from stromal cells (cathelicidin or LL-37 and beta-2 defensin) promote homing of HSPCs. To support this, C3 cleavage fragments and antimicrobial cationic peptides increase homing responsiveness of transplanted HSPCs to stroma-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) gradient. Furthermore, damaged BM cells release several other chemoattractants for HSPCs such as bioactive lipids sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) and chemotactic purines (ATP and UTP). In this chapter, we will discuss the current view on homing of transplanted HSPCs into BM that in addition to SDF-1 is orchestrated by CC, antimicrobial cationic peptides, and several other prohoming factors. We also propose modulation of CC as a novel strategy to optimize/accelerate homing of HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Biology Program at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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137
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Mencarelli C, Martinez–Martinez P. Ceramide function in the brain: when a slight tilt is enough. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:181-203. [PMID: 22729185 PMCID: PMC3535405 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide, the precursor of all complex sphingolipids, is a potent signaling molecule that mediates key events of cellular pathophysiology. In the nervous system, the sphingolipid metabolism has an important impact. Neurons are polarized cells and their normal functions, such as neuronal connectivity and synaptic transmission, rely on selective trafficking of molecules across plasma membrane. Sphingolipids are abundant on neural cellular membranes and represent potent regulators of brain homeostasis. Ceramide intracellular levels are fine-tuned and alteration of the sphingolipid-ceramide profile contributes to the development of age-related, neurological and neuroinflammatory diseases. The purpose of this review is to guide the reader towards a better understanding of the sphingolipid-ceramide pathway system. First, ceramide biology is presented including structure, physical properties and metabolism. Second, we describe the function of ceramide as a lipid second messenger in cell physiology. Finally, we highlight the relevance of sphingolipids and ceramide in the progression of different neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mencarelli
- Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pilar Martinez–Martinez
- Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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138
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Bini F, Frati A, Garcia-Gil M, Battistini C, Granado M, Martinesi M, Mainardi M, Vannini E, Luzzati F, Caleo M, Peretto P, Gomez-Muñoz A, Meacci E. New signalling pathway involved in the anti-proliferative action of vitamin D3 and its analogues in human neuroblastoma cells. A role for ceramide kinase. Neuropharmacology 2012; 63:524-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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139
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Ratajczak MZ, Kim C, Janowska-Wieczorek A, Ratajczak J. The expanding family of bone marrow homing factors for hematopoietic stem cells: stromal derived factor 1 is not the only player in the game. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:758512. [PMID: 22701372 PMCID: PMC3373139 DOI: 10.1100/2012/758512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The α-chemokine stromal derived factor 1 (SDF-1), which binds to the CXCR4 and CXCR7 receptors, directs migration and homing of CXCR4+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) to bone marrow (BM) and plays a crucial role in retention of these cells in stem cell niches. However, this unique role of SDF-1 has been recently challenged by several observations supporting SDF-1-CXCR4-independent BM homing. Specifically, it has been demonstrated that HSPCs respond robustly to some bioactive lipids, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), and migrate in response to gradients of certain extracellular nucleotides, including uridine triphosphate (UTP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Moreover, the responsiveness of HSPCs to an SDF-1 gradient is enhanced by some elements of innate immunity (e.g., C3 complement cascade cleavage fragments and antimicrobial cationic peptides, such as cathelicidin/LL-37 or β2-defensin) as well as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Since all these factors are upregulated in BM after myeloblative conditioning for transplantation, a more complex picture of homing emerges that involves several factors supporting, and in some situations even replacing, the SDF-1-CXCR4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Biology Program at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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140
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Barth BM, Gustafson SJ, Hankins JL, Kaiser JM, Haakenson JK, Kester M, Kuhn TB. Ceramide kinase regulates TNFα-stimulated NADPH oxidase activity and eicosanoid biosynthesis in neuroblastoma cells. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1126-33. [PMID: 22230689 PMCID: PMC3338860 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A persistent inflammatory reaction is a hallmark of chronic and acute pathologies in the central nervous system (CNS) and greatly exacerbates neuronal degeneration. The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of inflammatory processes provoking oxidative stress, eicosanoid biosynthesis, and the production of bioactive lipids. We established in neuronal cells that TNFα exposure dramatically increased Mg(2+)-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) activity thus generating the bioactive lipid mediator ceramide essential for subsequent NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation and oxidative stress. Since many of the pleiotropic effects of ceramide are attributable to its metabolites, we examined whether ceramide kinase (CerK), converting ceramide to ceramide-1-phosphate, is implicated both in NOX activation and enhanced eicosanoid production in neuronal cells. In the present study, we demonstrated that TNFα exposure of human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma caused a profound increase in CerK activity. Depleting CerK activity using either siRNA or pharmacology completely negated NOX activation and eicosanoid biosynthesis yet, more importantly, rescued neuronal viability in the presence of TNFα. These findings provided evidence for a critical function of ceramide-1-phospate and thus CerK activity in directly linking sphingolipid metabolism to oxidative stress. This vital role of CerK in CNS inflammation could provide a novel therapeutic approach to intervene with the adverse consequences of a progressive CNS inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Barth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, 900 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Sally J. Gustafson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, 900 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775
| | - Jody L. Hankins
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - James M. Kaiser
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Jeremy K. Haakenson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Thomas B. Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, 900 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775
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141
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Watt MJ, Hoy AJ. Lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle: generation of adaptive and maladaptive intracellular signals for cellular function. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E1315-28. [PMID: 22185843 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00561.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids derived from adipose tissue lipolysis, intramyocellular triacylglycerol lipolysis, or de novo lipogenesis serve a variety of functions in skeletal muscle. The two major fates of fatty acids are mitochondrial oxidation to provide energy for the myocyte and storage within a variety of lipids, where they are stored primarily in discrete lipid droplets or serve as important structural components of membranes. In this review, we provide a brief overview of skeletal muscle fatty acid metabolism and highlight recent notable advances in the field. We then 1) discuss how lipids are stored in and mobilized from various subcellular locations to provide adaptive or maladaptive signals in the myocyte and 2) outline how lipid metabolites or metabolic byproducts derived from the actions of triacylglycerol metabolism or β-oxidation act as positive and negative regulators of insulin action. We have placed an emphasis on recent developments in the lipid biology field with respect to understanding skeletal muscle physiology and discuss unanswered questions and technical limitations for assessing lipid signaling in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Watt
- Biology of Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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142
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Bourquin F, Capitani G, Grütter MG. PLP-dependent enzymes as entry and exit gates of sphingolipid metabolism. Protein Sci 2012; 20:1492-508. [PMID: 21710479 DOI: 10.1002/pro.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are membrane constituents as well as signaling molecules involved in many essential cellular processes. Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) and sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SPL), both PLP (pyridoxal 5'-phosphate)-dependent enzymes, function as entry and exit gates of the sphingolipid metabolism. SPT catalyzes the condensation of serine and a fatty acid into 3-keto-dihydrosphingosine, whereas SPL degrades sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) into phosphoethanolamine and a long-chain aldehyde. The recently solved X-ray structures of prokaryotic homologs of SPT and SPL combined with functional studies provide insight into the structure-function relationship of the two enzymes. Despite carrying out different reactions, the two enzymes reveal striking similarities in the overall fold, topology, and residues crucial for activity. Unlike their eukaryotic counterparts, bacterial SPT and SPL lack a transmembrane helix, making them targets of choice for biochemical characterization because the use of detergents can be avoided. Both human enzymes are linked to severe diseases or disorders and might therefore serve as targets for the development of therapeutics aiming at the modulation of their activity. This review gives an overview of the sphingolipid metabolism and of the available biochemical studies of prokaryotic SPT and SPL, and discusses the major similarities and differences to the corresponding eukaryotic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Bourquin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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143
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Scott JL, Musselman CA, Adu-Gyamfi E, Kutateladze TG, Stahelin RV. Emerging methodologies to investigate lipid-protein interactions. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 4:247-58. [PMID: 22327461 DOI: 10.1039/c2ib00143h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cellular membranes are composed of hundreds of different lipids, ion channels, receptors and scaffolding complexes that act as signalling and trafficking platforms for processes fundamental to life. Cellular signalling and membrane trafficking are often regulated by peripheral proteins, which reversibly interact with lipid molecules in highly regulated spatial and temporal fashions. In most cases, one or more modular lipid-binding domain(s) mediate recruitment of peripheral proteins to specific cellular membranes. These domains, of which more than 10 have been identified since 1989, harbour structurally selective lipid-binding sites. Traditional in vitro and in vivo studies have elucidated how these domains coordinate their cognate lipids and thus how the parent proteins associate with membranes. Cellular activities of peripheral proteins and subsequent physiological processes depend upon lipid binding affinities and selectivity. Thus, the development of novel sensitive and quantitative tools is essential in furthering our understanding of the function and regulation of these proteins. As this field expands into new areas such as computational biology, cellular lipid mapping, single molecule imaging, and lipidomics, there is an urgent need to integrate technologies to detail the molecular architecture and mechanisms of lipid signalling. This review surveys emerging cellular and in vitro approaches for studying protein-lipid interactions and provides perspective on how integration of methodologies directs the future development of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Scott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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144
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McElwain MA, Ko DC, Gordon MD, Fyrst H, Saba JD, Nusse R. A suppressor/enhancer screen in Drosophila reveals a role for wnt-mediated lipid metabolism in primordial germ cell migration. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26993. [PMID: 22069480 PMCID: PMC3206050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt proteins comprise a large family of secreted ligands implicated in a wide variety of biological roles. WntD has previously been shown to inhibit the nuclear accumulation of Dorsal/NF-κB protein during embryonic dorsal/ventral patterning and the adult innate immune response, independent of the well-studied Armadillo/β-catenin pathway. In this paper, we present a novel phenotype for WntD mutant embryos, suggesting that this gene is involved in migration of primordial germ cells (PGC) to the embryonic gonad. Additionally, we describe a genetic suppressor/enhancer screen aimed at identifying genes required for WntD signal transduction, based on the previous observation that maternal overexpression of WntD results in lethally dorsalized embryos. Using an algorithm to narrow down our hits from the screen, we found two novel WntD signaling components: Fz4, a member of the Frizzled family, and the Drosophila Ceramide Kinase homolog, Dcerk. We show here that Dcerk and Dmulk (Drosophila Multi-substrate lipid kinase) redundantly mediate PGC migration. Our data are consistent with a model in which the activity of lipid phosphate phosphatases shapes a concentration gradient of ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), the product of Dcerk, allowing proper PGC migration.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Blotting, Southern
- Blotting, Western
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Ceramides/metabolism
- Drosophila/genetics
- Drosophila/growth & development
- Drosophila/metabolism
- Drosophila Proteins/genetics
- Drosophila Proteins/metabolism
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic
- Female
- Genetic Testing
- Germ Cells/physiology
- Immunoprecipitation
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Lipid Metabolism
- Male
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction
- Suppression, Genetic
- beta Catenin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. McElwain
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Dennis C. Ko
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Gordon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Henrik Fyrst
- Center for Cancer Research, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Julie D. Saba
- Center for Cancer Research, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Roel Nusse
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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145
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A novel perspective on stem cell homing and mobilization: review on bioactive lipids as potent chemoattractants and cationic peptides as underappreciated modulators of responsiveness to SDF-1 gradients. Leukemia 2011; 26:63-72. [PMID: 21886175 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) respond robustly to α-chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) gradients, and blockage of CXCR4, a seven-transmembrane-spanning G(αI)-protein-coupled SDF-1 receptor, mobilizes HSPCs into peripheral blood. Although the SDF-1-CXCR4 axis has an unquestionably important role in the retention of HSPCs in bone marrow (BM), new evidence shows that, in addition to SDF-1, the migration of HSPCs is directed by gradients of the bioactive lipids sphingosine-1 phosphate and ceramide-1 phosphate. Furthermore, the SDF-1 gradient may be positively primed/modulated by cationic peptides (C3a anaphylatoxin and cathelicidin) and, as previously demonstrated, HSPCs respond robustly even to very low SDF-1 gradients in the presence of priming factors. In this review, we discuss the role of bioactive lipids in stem cell trafficking and the consequences of HSPC priming by cationic peptides. Together, these phenomena support a picture in which the SDF-1-CXCR4 axis modulates homing, BM retention and mobilization of HSPCs in a more complex way than previously envisioned.
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146
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Role of endothelial dysfunction in modulating the plasma redox homeostasis in visceral leishmaniasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1810:652-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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147
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Sun H, Yu T, Li J. Co-administration of perifosine with paclitaxel synergistically induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells: more than just AKT inhibition. Cancer Lett 2011; 310:118-28. [PMID: 21775054 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Here we report an oral alkylphospholipid perifosine dramatically sensitizes chemo-resistant ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel induced cell death and apoptosis in vitro. We found that co-administration perifosine with paclitaxel in human ovarian cancer cells led to the inhibition of AKT/mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), a marked increase in ceramide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and a striking increase in the activation of pro-apoptosis pathways, including caspase 3, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). These signaling events together caused a marked increase of cancer cell apoptosis. Combining paclitaxel with perifosine may represent a novel anti-ovarian cancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- Central Lab., Jining First People's Hospital, 6 Jiankang Road, Jining City, Shandong Province 272111, PR China
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148
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Kresse SH, Meza-Zepeda LA, Machado I, Llombart-Bosch A, Myklebost O. Preclinical xenograft models of human sarcoma show nonrandom loss of aberrations. Cancer 2011; 118:558-70. [PMID: 21713766 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human tumors transplanted into immunodeficient mice (xenografts) are good preclinical models, and it is important to identify possible systematic changes during establishment and passaging in mice. METHODS High-resolution microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) was used to investigate how well a series of sarcoma xenografts, including 9 patient/xenograft pairs and 8 early versus late xenograft passage pairs, represented the patient tumor from which they originated. RESULTS In all analyses, the xenografts were more similar to their tumor of origin than other xenografts of the same type. Most changes in aberration patterns were toward a more normal genome complement, and the increased aberrations observed were mostly toward more loss. In general, the changes were scattered over the genome, but some changes were significant in osteosarcomas. These were rather focused and consistent with amplifications frequent in patient samples, involving the genes platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFRA), cysteine-rich hydrophobic domain 2 (CHIC2), FIP-like 1 (FIP1L1), ligand of numb-protein X1 (LNX1), RAS-like family 11 member B (RASL11B), and sec1 family domain containing 2 (SCFD2), probably a sign of continued tumor progression. Some changes that disappeared may have been involved in host-stroma interactions or chemotherapy resistance, possibly because of the absence of selection in the mouse. CONCLUSIONS Direct xenografts reflected well the genomic patterns of their tumors of origin. The few significant aberrations that were lost during passaging in immune-defective mice may have been caused by the lack of selection in the new host, whereas aberrations that were gained appeared to be the result of general tumor progression rather than model-specific artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine H Kresse
- Department of Tumor Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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149
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Blaas N, Schüürmann C, Bartke N, Stahl B, Humpf HU. Structural profiling and quantification of sphingomyelin in human breast milk by HPLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:6018-6024. [PMID: 21534545 DOI: 10.1021/jf200943n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The sphingolipid composition of food as well as of physiological samples has received considerable interest due to their positive biological activities. This study quantified the total amount of sphingomyelin (SM) in 20 human breast milk samples from healthy volunteers and determined the structures of SM by detailed mass spectrometric studies in combination with enzymatic cleavage. The quantification of SM was performed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) measuring the characteristic fragment ion of the phosphorylcholine group at m/z 184.2 and by using hexanoylsphingomyelin (C6-SM) and heptadecanoylsphingomyelin (C17-SM) as internal standards. The structures of SM species were identified after enzymatic cleavage with alkaline sphingomyelinase (SMase) to the corresponding ceramides. Structure elucidation of the sphingoid base and fatty acid backbone was performed by reversed-phase HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The method includes the sphingoid bases dihydrosphingosine (d18:0), sphingosine (d18:1(Δ4)), 4,8-sphingadienine (d18:2(Δ4,8)), 4-hydroxysphinganine (phytosphingosine (t18:0)), and 4-hydroxy-8-sphingenine (t18:1(Δ8)) and fatty acids with even-numbered carbon atoms (C12-C26) as well as their (poly)unsaturated and monohydroxylated analogues. The total amount of SM in human breast milk varied from 3.87 to 9.07 mg/100 g fresh weight. Sphingosine (d18:1) was the predominant sphingoid base, with 83.6 ± 3.5% in human breast milk, followed by 4,8-sphingadienine (d18:2) (7.2 ± 1.9%) and 4-hydroxysphinganine (t18:0) (5.7 ± 0.7%). The main SM species contained sphingosine and palmitic acid (14.9 ± 2.2%), stearic acid (12.7 ± 1.5%), docosanoic acid (16.2 ± 3.6%), and tetracosenoic acid (15.0 ± 3.1%). Interestingly, the fatty acid composition of SM species in this study differs from the total fatty acids in human breast milk, and the fatty acids are not consistently distributed among the different sphingoid bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Blaas
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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150
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Jilani K, Qadri SM, Zelenak C, Lang F. Stimulation of suicidal erythrocyte death by oridonin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 511:14-20. [PMID: 21575590 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oridonin triggers apoptosis of cancer cells and was suggested as anticancer agent. Oridonin is partially effective through mitochondrial depolarization and partially by modifying gene expression. Erythrocytes lack mitochondria and nuclei but may undergo eryptosis, a suicidal cell death characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface. Triggers of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca(2+)-activity, ATP depletion and ceramide formation. The present study explored, whether oridonin triggers eryptosis. Cytosolic Ca(2+)-concentration was estimated from Fluo3-fluorescence, cell volume from forward scatter in FACS analysis, phosphatidylserine exposure from binding of fluorescent annexin V, hemolysis from hemoglobin release, ATP concentration utilizing a luciferin-luciferase assay and ceramide abundance utilizing fluorescent anti-ceramide antibodies. A 48 h exposure to oridonin (≥25μM) significantly increased cytosolic Ca(2+)-concentration, increased ceramide formation, decreased forward scatter and triggered annexin V-binding (the latter in >20% of the erythrocytes). Oridonin didn't decrease ATP concentration and hemolysed <5% of erythrocytes. The effects of oridonin on annexin V binding were partially reversed in the nominal absence of Ca(2+) and by the addition of amiloride (1mM). The present observations reveal a completely novel effect of oridonin, i.e. triggering of Ca(2+) entry and ceramide formation as well as suicidal death of erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Jilani
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Gmelinstraße 5, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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