101
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Mulero MC, Wang VYF, Huxford T, Ghosh G. Genome reading by the NF-κB transcription factors. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:9967-9989. [PMID: 31501881 PMCID: PMC6821244 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB family of dimeric transcription factors regulates transcription by selectively binding to DNA response elements present within promoters or enhancers of target genes. The DNA response elements, collectively known as κB sites or κB DNA, share the consensus 5'-GGGRNNNYCC-3' (where R, Y and N are purine, pyrimidine and any nucleotide base, respectively). In addition, several DNA sequences that deviate significantly from the consensus have been shown to accommodate binding by NF-κB dimers. X-ray crystal structures of NF-κB in complex with diverse κB DNA have helped elucidate the chemical principles that underlie target selection in vitro. However, NF-κB dimers encounter additional impediments to selective DNA binding in vivo. Work carried out during the past decades has identified some of the barriers to sequence selective DNA target binding within the context of chromatin and suggests possible mechanisms by which NF-κB might overcome these obstacles. In this review, we first highlight structural features of NF-κB:DNA complexes and how distinctive features of NF-κB proteins and DNA sequences contribute to specific complex formation. We then discuss how native NF-κB dimers identify DNA binding targets in the nucleus with support from additional factors and how post-translational modifications enable NF-κB to selectively bind κB sites in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Mulero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Vivien Ya-Fan Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Tom Huxford
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Gourisankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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102
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A Polymer-Based Extended Release System for Stable, Long-term Intracochlear Drug Delivery. Otol Neurotol 2019; 39:1195-1202. [PMID: 30199502 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000001977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate a new polymer-based drug coating suitability for safe intracochlear delivery and ability to maintain long-term physiologically active levels of the corticosteroid fluticasone propionate. STUDY DESIGN In vitro dissolution study to evaluate release profiles of polymer-coated drug particles and in vivo studies using a guinea pig model to measure perilymph drug concentrations at specific time points after implantation with polymer-coated drug particles and evaluate their effect on hearing function. METHODS Polymer-coated fluticasone propionate (FP) particles were surgically implanted in guinea pigs through the round window membrane into the cochlear scala tympani. In the pilot study, pre- and post-op hearing thresholds were conducted on days 7, 14, and 42. In a second study, post-op hearing thresholds were conducted on days 90, 120, and 180. Perilymph drug concentrations were measured on the same time points. RESULTS In 15 of 16 animals from day 7 through day 90, drug levels were within the targeted range, with no initial burst release detected. Drug was present in all animals on day 90 and was detected in some animals at 120 and 180 days. Hearing was tested and compared with non-implanted ears. Very good hearing preservation was observed in ears implanted with intracochlear particles when compared with contralateral ears. CONCLUSIONS The polymer-based extended release system is effective in providing long-term, stable drug delivery for at least 90 days with good hearing outcomes. The results of this study support the potential for achieving long-term drug delivery with a single intracochlear administration.
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103
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Sencan S, Edipoglu IS, Demir FGU, Yolcu G, Gunduz OH. Are steroids required in the treatment of ganglion impar blockade in chronic coccydynia? a prospective double-blinded clinical trial. Korean J Pain 2019; 32:301-306. [PMID: 31569923 PMCID: PMC6813902 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2019.32.4.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ganglion impar blockade is a reliable and effective treatment option used in patients with coccydynia. Our primary objective was to specify the role of corticosteroids in impar blockade. We compared applications of local anesthetic with the local anesthetic + corticosteroid combination in terms of treatment efficiency in patients with chronic coccydynia. METHODS Our study was a prospective randomize double-blind study. The patients were divided into 2 groups after randomization. The first group (group SL) was made up of patients where a corticosteroid + local anesthetic were used during ganglion impar blockade. In the second group (group L) we used only local anesthetic. We evaluated numeric rating scale (NRS) and Beck depression scale, which were employed before the procedure and in 1st and 3rd months after the procedure. RESULTS Seventy-three patients were included in the final analysis. We detected a significantly greater decrease in NRS values in the 1st month in group SL than in group L (P = 0.001). In the same way, NRS values in the 3rd month were significantly lower in the group with steroids (P = 0.0001). During the evaluation of the Beck test, we detected significantly greater decreases in the 1st month (P = 0.017) and 3rd month (P = 0.021) in the SL group than in the L group. CONCLUSIONS Ganglion impar blockade decreases pain in the treatment of chronic coccydynia and improve depression. Addition of steroids in a ganglion impar blockade is required for treatment response that should accumulate over a long period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savas Sencan
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul,
Turkey
| | - Ipek Saadet Edipoglu
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul,
Turkey
| | - Fatma Gul Ulku Demir
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri,
Turkey
| | - Gunay Yolcu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul,
Turkey
| | - Osman Hakan Gunduz
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul,
Turkey
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104
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Manjur ABMK, Lempiäinen JK, Malinen M, Palvimo JJ, Niskanen EA. IRF2BP2 modulates the crosstalk between glucocorticoid and TNF signaling. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 192:105382. [PMID: 31145973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
IRF2BP2 (interferon regulatory factor-2 binding protein-2) is an uncharacterized interaction partner of glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR), an anti-inflammatory and metabolic transcription factor. Here, we show that GC changes the chromatin binding of IRF2BP2 in natural chromatin milieu. The GC-induced IRF2BP2-binding sites co-occur with GR binding sites and are associated with GC-induced genes. Moreover, the depletion of IRF2BP2 modulates transcription of GC-regulated genes, represses cell proliferation and increases cell movement in HEK293 cells. In A549 cells, the depletion extensively alters the responses to GC and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF), including metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Taken together, our data support the role of IRF2BP2 as a coregulator of both GR and NF-κB, potentially modulating the crosstalk between GC and TNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marjo Malinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jorma J Palvimo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Einari A Niskanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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105
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Che KF, Sun J, Linden A. Pharmacological Modulation of Endotoxin-Induced Release of IL-26 in Human Primary Lung Fibroblasts. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:956. [PMID: 31543817 PMCID: PMC6729122 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Interleukin (IL)-26 is a neutrophil-mobilizing and bactericidal cytokine that is enhanced in human airways in vivo in response to endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria. This cytokine is also enhanced in the airways during exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we investigated whether human primary lung fibroblasts (HLF) release IL-26 constitutively and in response to TLR4 stimulation by endotoxin and characterized the effects of bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory drugs utilized in COPD. Methods: The HLF were stimulated with different concentrations of endotoxin. Cells were also treated with different concentrations of bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory drugs, with and without endotoxin stimulation. Cytokine protein concentrations were quantified in the cell-free conditioned media [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)], and the phosphorylation levels of intracellular signaling molecules were determined (phosphoELISA). Results: Whereas HLF displayed constitutive release of IL-26 into the conditioned medium, endotoxin markedly enhanced this release, as well as that of IL-6 and IL-8. This cytokine release was paralleled by increased phosphorylation of the intracellular signaling molecules NF-κB, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1-3, p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. The glucocorticoid hydrocortisone caused substantial inhibition of the endotoxin-induced release of IL-26, IL-6, and IL-8, an effect paralleled by a decrease of the phosphorylation of NF-κB, p38, and ERK1/2. The muscarinic receptor antagonist (MRA) tiotropium, but not aclidinium, caused minor inhibition of the endotoxin-induced release of IL-26 and IL-8, paralleled by a decreased phosphorylation of NF-κB. The β2-adrenoceptor agonist salbutamol caused modest inhibition of the endotoxin-induced release of IL-26 and IL-8, paralleled by a decreased phosphorylation of NF-κB, JNK1-3, and p38. Similar pharmacological effects were observed for the constitutive release of IL-26. Conclusions: The HLF constitute an abundant source of IL-26 that may contribute to local host defense against Gram-negative bacteria. Among the tested drugs, the glucocorticoid displayed the most powerful inhibitory effect, affecting the NF-κB, p38, and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Whether or not this inhibition of IL-26 contributes to an increased risk for local infections in COPD requires further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlhans Fru Che
- Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jitong Sun
- Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Linden
- Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Respiratory Disease and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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106
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Bougarne N, Mylka V, Ratman D, Beck IM, Thommis J, De Cauwer L, Tavernier J, Staels B, Libert C, De Bosscher K. Mechanisms Underlying the Functional Cooperation Between PPARα and GRα to Attenuate Inflammatory Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1769. [PMID: 31447832 PMCID: PMC6695567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) act via the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1, GRα) to combat overshooting responses to infectious stimuli, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS). As such, GCs inhibit the activity of downstream effector cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF). PPARα (NR1C1) is a nuclear receptor described to function on the crossroad between lipid metabolism and control of inflammation. In the current work, we have investigated the molecular mechanism by which GCs and PPARα agonists cooperate to jointly inhibit NF-κB-driven expression in A549 cells. We discovered a nuclear mechanism that predominantly targets Mitogen- and Stress-activated protein Kinase-1 activation upon co-triggering GRα and PPARα. In vitro GST-pull down data further support that the anti-inflammatory mechanism may additionally involve a non-competitive physical interaction between the p65 subunit of NF-κB, GRα, and PPARα. Finally, to study metabolic effector target cells common to both receptors, we overlaid the effect of GRα and PPARα crosstalk in mouse primary hepatocytes under LPS-induced inflammatory conditions on a genome-wide level. RNA-seq results revealed lipid metabolism genes that were upregulated and inflammatory genes that were additively downregulated. Validation at the cytokine protein level finally supported a consistent additive anti-inflammatory response in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bougarne
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research Lab, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Viacheslav Mylka
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research Lab, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dariusz Ratman
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research Lab, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ilse M Beck
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research Lab, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.,Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, Ghent, Belgium.,Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - EGID, Lille, France.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Thommis
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research Lab, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lode De Cauwer
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research Lab, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.,Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - EGID, Lille, France
| | - Claude Libert
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research Lab, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
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107
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Cannarile L, Delfino DV, Adorisio S, Riccardi C, Ayroldi E. Implicating the Role of GILZ in Glucocorticoid Modulation of T-Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1823. [PMID: 31440237 PMCID: PMC6693389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is a protein with multiple biological roles that is upregulated by glucocorticoids (GCs) in both immune and non-immune cells. Importantly, GCs are immunosuppressive primarily due to their regulation of cell signaling pathways that are crucial for immune system activity. GILZ, which is transcriptionally induced by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mediates part of these immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory effects, thereby controlling immune cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. The primary immune cells targeted by the immunosuppressive activity of GCs are T cells. Importantly, the effects of GCs on T cells are partially mediated by GILZ. In fact, GILZ regulates T-cell activation, and differentiation by binding and inhibiting factors essential for T-cell function. For example, GILZ associates with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), c-Fos, and c-Jun and inhibits NF-κB-, and AP-1-dependent transcription. GILZ also binds Raf and Ras, inhibits activation of Ras/Raf downstream targets, including mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1). In addition GILZ inhibits forkhead box O3 (FoxO3) without physical interaction. GILZ also promotes the activity of regulatory T cells (Tregs) by activating transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. Ultimately, these actions inhibit T-cell activation and modulate the differentiation of T helper (Th)-1, Th-2, Th-17 cells, thereby mediating the immunosuppressive effects of GCs on T cells. In this mini-review, we discuss how GILZ mediates GC activity on T cells, focusing mainly on the therapeutic potential of this protein as a more targeted anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Cannarile
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Domenico V Delfino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Adorisio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emira Ayroldi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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108
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Sung CC, Chen L, Limbutara K, Jung HJ, Gilmer GG, Yang CR, Lin SH, Khositseth S, Chou CL, Knepper MA. RNA-Seq and protein mass spectrometry in microdissected kidney tubules reveal signaling processes initiating lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Kidney Int 2019; 96:363-377. [PMID: 31146973 PMCID: PMC6650374 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lithium salts, used for treating bipolar disorder, frequently induce nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) thereby limiting therapeutic success. NDI is associated with loss of expression of the gene coding for the molecular water channel, aquaporin-2, in the renal collecting duct (CD). Here, we use systems biology methods in a well-established rat model of lithium-induced NDI to identify signaling pathways activated at the onset of polyuria. Using single-tubule RNA-Seq, full transcriptomes were determined in microdissected cortical collecting ducts (CCDs) of rats after 72 hours without or with initiation of lithium chloride administration. Transcriptome-wide changes in mRNA abundances were mapped to gene sets associated with curated canonical signaling pathways, showing evidence for activation of NF-κB signaling with induction of genes coding for multiple chemokines and most components of the Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I antigen-presenting complex. Administration of anti-inflammatory doses of dexamethasone to lithium chloride-treated rats countered the loss of aquaporin-2. RNA-Seq also confirmed prior evidence of a shift from quiescence into the cell cycle with arrest. Time course studies demonstrated an early (12 hour) increase in multiple immediate early response genes including several transcription factors. Protein mass spectrometry in microdissected CCDs provided corroborative evidence and identified decreased abundance of several anti-oxidant proteins. Thus, in the context of prior observations, our study can be best explained by a model in which lithium increases ERK activation leading to induction of NF-κB signaling and an inflammatory-like response that represses Aqp2 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chien Sung
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lihe Chen
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kavee Limbutara
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hyun Jun Jung
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gabrielle G Gilmer
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chin-Rang Yang
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shih-Hua Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sookkasem Khositseth
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chung-Lin Chou
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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109
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Shemer A, Kivity S, Shovman O, Bashi T, Perry O, Watad A, Ben-Ami Shor D, Volkov A, Barshack I, Bragazzi NL, Krule A, Fridkin M, Amital H, Blank M, Shoenfeld Y. Tuftsin-phosphorylcholine (TPC) equally effective to methylprednisolone in ameliorating lupus nephritis in a mice model. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 193:160-166. [PMID: 29698559 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of helminth treatment in autoimmune diseases is growing constantly. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-system autoimmune disease with challenging treatment options. Tuftsin-phosphorylcholine (TPC) is a novel helminth-based compound that modulates the host immune network. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential value of TPC in ameliorating lupus nephritis in a murine model and specifically to compare the efficacy of TPC to the existing first-line therapy for SLE: corticosteroids (methylprednisolone). Lupus-prone NZBxW/F1 mice were treated with TPC (5 µg/mouse), methylprednisolone (MP; 5 mg/body weight) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (control) three times per week once glomerulonephritis, defined as proteinuria of grade > 100 mg/dl, was established. Levels of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), splenic cytokines were measured in vitro and the kidney microscopy was analysed following staining. TPC and MP treatments improved lupus nephritis significantly and prolonged survival in NZBxW/F1 mice. TPC-treated mice showed a significantly decreased level of proteinuria (P < 0·001) and anti-dsDNA antibodies (P < 0·001) compared to PBS-treated mice. Moreover, TPC and MP inhibited the production of the proinflammatory cytokines interferon IFN-γ, interleukin IL-1β and IL-6 (P < 0·001) and enhanced expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (P < 0·001). Finally, microscopy analysis of the kidneys demonstrated that TPC-treated mice maintained normal structure equally to MP-treated mice. These data indicate that the small molecule named TPC hinders lupus development in genetically lupus-prone mice equally to methylprednisolone in most of the cases. Hence, TCP may be employed as a therapeutic potential for lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shemer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - S Kivity
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - O Shovman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - T Bashi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - O Perry
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Watad
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - D Ben-Ami Shor
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - A Volkov
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - I Barshack
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - N L Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Krule
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - M Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
| | - H Amital
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - M Blank
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Y Shoenfeld
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kipp Chair for Research of Autoimmune Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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110
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TNF-α inhibits glucocorticoid receptor-induced gene expression by reshaping the GR nuclear cofactor profile. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:12942-12951. [PMID: 31182584 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821565116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid resistance (GCR) is defined as an unresponsiveness to the therapeutic effects, including the antiinflammatory ones of glucocorticoids (GCs) and their receptor, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). It is a problem in the management of inflammatory diseases and can be congenital as well as acquired. The strong proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha (TNF) induces an acute form of GCR, not only in mice, but also in several cell lines: e.g., in the hepatoma cell line BWTG3, as evidenced by impaired Dexamethasone (Dex)-stimulated direct GR-dependent gene up- and down-regulation. We report that TNF has a significant and broad impact on this transcriptional performance of GR, but no impact on nuclear translocation, dimerization, or DNA binding capacity of GR. Proteome-wide proximity-mapping (BioID), however, revealed that the GR interactome was strongly modulated by TNF. One GR cofactor that interacted significantly less with the receptor under GCR conditions is p300. NFκB activation and p300 knockdown both reduced direct transcriptional output of GR whereas p300 overexpression and NFκB inhibition reverted TNF-induced GCR, which is in support of a cofactor reshuffle model. This hypothesis was supported by FRET studies. This mechanism of GCR opens avenues for therapeutic interventions in GCR diseases.
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111
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El-Feky EM, Abd El Aziz AA. Fentanyl, dexmedetomidine, dexamethasone as adjuvant to local anesthetics in caudal analgesia in pediatrics: A comparative study. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egja.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elham M. El-Feky
- Anesthesia Department, Faculty of Medicine , Menoufiya University , Egypt
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112
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Dexamethasone versus neostigmine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine 0.25% for caudal analgesia in children undergoing open inguinal hernia repair. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egja.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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113
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Aliru ML, Schoenhals JE, Venkatesulu BP, Anderson CC, Barsoumian HB, Younes AI, K Mahadevan LS, Soeung M, Aziz KE, Welsh JW, Krishnan S. Radiation therapy and immunotherapy: what is the optimal timing or sequencing? Immunotherapy 2019; 10:299-316. [PMID: 29421979 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a component of the standard of care for many patients with locally advanced nonmetastatic tumors and increasingly those with oligometastatic tumors. Despite encouraging advances in local control and progression-free and overall survival outcomes, continued manifestation of tumor progression or recurrence leaves room for improvement in therapeutic efficacy. Novel combinations of radiation with immunotherapy have shown promise in improving outcomes and reducing recurrences by overcoming tumor immune tolerance and evasion mechanisms via boosting the immune system's ability to recognize and eradicate tumor cells. In this review, we discuss preclinical and early clinical evidence that radiotherapy and immunotherapy can improve treatment outcomes for locally advanced and metastatic tumors, elucidate underlying molecular mechanisms and address strategies to optimize timing and sequencing of combination therapy for maximal synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen L Aliru
- From the Departments of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Medical Physics Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan E Schoenhals
- From the Departments of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bhanu P Venkatesulu
- From the Departments of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Clark C Anderson
- Departments of Internal Medicine & Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hampartsoum B Barsoumian
- From the Departments of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ahmed I Younes
- From the Departments of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lakshmi S K Mahadevan
- From the Departments of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Melinda Soeung
- From the Departments of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kathryn E Aziz
- From the Departments of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James W Welsh
- From the Departments of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,From the Departments of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- From the Departments of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,From the Departments of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Medical Physics Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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High dose of dexamethasone protects against EAE-induced motor deficits but impairs learning/memory in C57BL/6 mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6673. [PMID: 31040362 PMCID: PMC6491620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and neuroinflammatory disease characterized by demyelination of the Central Nervous System. Immune cells activation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines play a crucial role in the disease modulation, decisively contributing to the neurodegeneration observed in MS and the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the widely used MS animal model. Synthetic glucocorticoids, commonly used to treat the MS attacks, have controversial effects on neuroinflammation and cognition. We sought to verify the influence of dexamethasone (DEX) on the EAE progression and on EAE-induced cognitive deficits. In myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG35-55)-induced EAE female mice, treated once with DEX (50 mg/kg) or not, on the day of immunization, DEX decreased EAE-induced motor clinical scores, infiltrating cells in the spinal cord and delayed serum corticosterone peak. At the asymptomatic phase (8-day post-immunization), DEX did not protected from the EAE-induced memory consolidation deficits, which were accompanied by increased glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity and decreased EGR-1 expression in the hippocampus. Blunting hippocampal GR genomic activation with DnGR vectors prevented DEX effects on EAE-induced memory impairment. These data suggest that, although DEX improves clinical signs, it decreases cognitive and memory capacity by diminishing neuronal activity and potentiating some aspects of neuroinflammation in EAE.
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115
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Hori H, Kim Y. Inflammation and post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 73:143-153. [PMID: 30653780 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is currently diagnosed based solely on classic psychological and behavioral symptoms, a growing body of evidence has highlighted a link between this disorder and alterations in the immune and inflammatory systems. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that PTSD is associated with significantly increased rates of physical comorbidities in which immune dysregulation is involved, such as metabolic syndrome, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and autoimmune diseases. In line with this, a number of blood biomarker studies have reported that compared to healthy controls, individuals with PTSD exhibit significantly elevated levels of proinflammatory markers, such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein. Moreover, various lines of animal and human research have suggested that inflammation is not only associated with PTSD but also can play an important role in its pathogenesis and pathophysiology. In this review, we first summarize evidence suggestive of increased inflammation in PTSD. We then examine findings that suggest possible mechanisms of inflammation in this disorder in terms of two different but interrelated perspectives: putative causes of increased proinflammatory activities and potential consequences that inflammation generates. Given that there is currently a dearth of treatment options for PTSD, possibilities of new therapeutic approaches using pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments/interventions that have anti-inflammatory effects are also discussed. Despite the increasing attention given to the inflammatory pathology of PTSD, there remains much to be elucidated, including more detailed mechanisms of inflammation, potential usefulness of inflammatory biomarkers as diagnostic and prognostic markers, and efficacy of novel treatment strategies targeting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Hori
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Kim
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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116
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Bereshchenko O, Migliorati G, Bruscoli S, Riccardi C. Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper: A Novel Anti-inflammatory Molecule. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:308. [PMID: 30971930 PMCID: PMC6445858 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the most commonly used drugs for treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Their efficacy is due to their ability to bind cytoplasmic receptors (glucocorticoid receptors, GR) and other cytoplasmic proteins, thus regulating gene expression. Although GCs are potent life-saving drugs, their therapeutic effects are transitory and chronic use of GCs is accompanied by serious side effects. Therefore, new drugs are needed to replace GCs. We have identified a gene, glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ or tsc22d3), that is rapidly and invariably induced by GCs. Human GILZ is a 135-amino acid protein that mediates many GC effects, including inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Similar to GCs, GILZ exerts anti-inflammatory activity in experimental disease models, including inflammatory bowel diseases and arthritis. While transgenic mice that overexpress GILZ are more resistant, GILZ knockout mice develop worse inflammatory diseases. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effect of GCs is attenuated in GILZ-deficient mice. Importantly, in vivo delivery of recombinant GILZ protein cured colitis and facilitated resolution of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation without apparent toxic effects. A synthetic GILZ-derived peptide, corresponding to the GILZ region that interacts with NF-κB, was able to suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Collectively, these findings indicate that GILZ is an anti-inflammatory molecule that may serve as the basis for designing new therapeutic approaches to inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Bereshchenko
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Graziella Migliorati
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruscoli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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117
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Evolving Role of Vitamin D in Immune-Mediated Disease and Its Implications in Autoimmune Hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:324-344. [PMID: 30370494 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5351-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic actions that may impact on the occurrence and outcome of immune-mediated disease. The goals of this review are to describe the nature of these expanded roles, examine the implications of vitamin D deficiency in autoimmune hepatitis, and identify opportunities for future investigation. Abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms. Full-length articles were selected for review, and secondary and tertiary bibliographies were developed. Vitamin D receptors are expressed on the principal cell populations involved in the innate and adaptive immune responses. Macrophages and dendritic cells can produce 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D within the microenvironment. This active form of vitamin D can inhibit immune cell proliferation, promote an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile, expand regulatory T cells, enhance glucocorticoid actions, increase glutathione production, and inhibit hepatic stellate cells. Vitamin D deficiency has been commonly present in patients with immune-mediated liver and non-liver diseases, and it has been associated with histological severity, advanced hepatic fibrosis, and non-response to conventional glucocorticoid therapy in autoimmune hepatitis. Vitamin D analogues with high potency, low calcemic effects, and independence from hepatic hydroxylation are possible interventions. In conclusion, vitamin D has properties that could ameliorate immune-mediated disease, and vitamin D deficiency has been a common finding in immune-mediated liver and non-liver diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis. Loss of vitamin D-dependent homeostatic mechanisms may promote disease progression. Vitamin D analogues that are independent of hepatic hydroxylation constitute an investigational opportunity to supplement current management of autoimmune hepatitis.
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118
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Mostafa MM, Rider CF, Shah S, Traves SL, Gordon PMK, Miller-Larsson A, Leigh R, Newton R. Glucocorticoid-driven transcriptomes in human airway epithelial cells: commonalities, differences and functional insight from cell lines and primary cells. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:29. [PMID: 30704470 PMCID: PMC6357449 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucocorticoids act on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR; NR3C1) to resolve inflammation and, as inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), are the cornerstone of treatment for asthma. However, reduced efficacy in severe disease or exacerbations indicates a need to improve ICS actions. Methods Glucocorticoid-driven transcriptomes were compared using PrimeView microarrays between primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and the model cell lines, pulmonary type II A549 and bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Results In BEAS-2B cells, budesonide induced (≥2-fold, P ≤ 0.05) or, in a more delayed fashion, repressed (≤0.5-fold, P ≤ 0.05) the expression of 63, 133, 240, and 257 or 15, 56, 236, and 344 mRNAs at 1, 2, 6, and 18 h, respectively. Within the early-induced mRNAs were multiple transcriptional activators and repressors, thereby providing mechanisms for the subsequent modulation of gene expression. Using the above criteria, 17 (BCL6, BIRC3, CEBPD, ERRFI1, FBXL16, FKBP5, GADD45B, IRS2, KLF9, PDK4, PER1, RGCC, RGS2, SEC14L2, SLC16A12, TFCP2L1, TSC22D3) induced and 8 (ARL4C, FLRT2, IER3, IL11, PLAUR, SEMA3A, SLC4A7, SOX9) repressed mRNAs were common between A549, BEAS-2B and HBE cells at 6 h. As absolute gene expression change showed greater commonality, lowering the cut-off (≥1.25 or ≤ 0.8-fold) within these groups produced 93 induced and 82 repressed genes in common. Since large changes in few mRNAs and/or small changes in many mRNAs may drive function, gene ontology (GO)/pathway analyses were performed using both stringency criteria. Budesonide-induced genes showed GO term enrichment for positive and negative regulation of transcription, signaling, proliferation, apoptosis, and movement, as well as FOXO and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Repressed genes were enriched for inflammatory signaling pathways (TNF, NF-κB) and GO terms for cytokine activity, chemotaxis and cell signaling. Reduced growth factor expression and effects on proliferation and apoptosis were highlighted. Conclusions While glucocorticoids repress mRNAs associated with inflammation, prior induction of transcriptional activators and repressors may explain longer-term responses to these agents. Furthermore, positive and negative effects on signaling, proliferation, migration and apoptosis were revealed. Since many such gene expression changes occurred in human airways post-ICS inhalation, the effects observed in cell lines and primary HBE cells in vitro may be relevant to ICS in vivo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-018-0467-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Mostafa
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences graduate program, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher F Rider
- Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Suharsh Shah
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Suzanne L Traves
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul M K Gordon
- Centre for Health Genomics and Informatics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Richard Leigh
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert Newton
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Staurengo-Ferrari L, Badaro-Garcia S, Hohmann MSN, Manchope MF, Zaninelli TH, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Contribution of Nrf2 Modulation to the Mechanism of Action of Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Pre-clinical and Clinical Stages. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1536. [PMID: 30687097 PMCID: PMC6337248 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress that has occurred in recent years in the development of therapies to treat painful and inflammatory diseases, there is still a need for effective and potent analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs. It has long been known that several types of antioxidants also possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, indicating a strong relationship between inflammation and oxidative stress. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of action of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, as well as essential targets in disease physiopathology, is essential to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The Nuclear factor-2 erythroid related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regulates cellular redox status through endogenous antioxidant systems with simultaneous anti-inflammatory activity. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms and pharmacological actions screened that link analgesic, anti-inflammatory, natural products, and other therapies to Nrf2 as a regulatory system based on emerging evidences from experimental disease models and new clinical trial data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Staurengo-Ferrari
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Badaro-Garcia
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Miriam S. N. Hohmann
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Marília F. Manchope
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Tiago H. Zaninelli
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A. Verri
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Frank MG, Fonken LK, Watkins LR, Maier SF. Microglia: Neuroimmune-sensors of stress. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 94:176-185. [PMID: 30638704 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to stressors disrupts homeostasis and results in the release of stress hormones including glucocorticoids, epinepherine and norepinepherine. Interestingly, stress also has profound affects on microglia, which are tissue-resident macrophages in the brain parenchyma. Microglia express a diverse array of receptors, which also allows them to respond to stress hormones derived from peripheral as well as central sources. Here, we review studies of how exposure to acute and chronic stressors alters the immunophenotype and function of microglia. Further, we examine a causal for stress hormones in these effects of stress on microglia. We propose that microglia serve as immunosensors of the stress response, which puts them in the unique position to sense and respond rapidly to alterations in homeostasis and integrate the neural response to threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Frank
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
| | - Laura K Fonken
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Linda R Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Steven F Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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121
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The Role of Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Bladder Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10120484. [PMID: 30518063 PMCID: PMC6315905 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous preclinical studies have indicated that the activation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling results in inhibition of the growth of various types of tumors. Indeed, several glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone and prednisone, have been prescribed for the treatment of, for example, hematological malignancies and castration-resistant prostate cancer. By contrast, the role of glucocorticoid-mediated glucocorticoid receptor signaling in the progression of bladder cancer remains far from being fully understood. Nonetheless, emerging evidence implies its unique functions in urothelial cancer cells. Moreover, the levels of glucocorticoid receptor expression have been documented to significantly associate with the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. This review summarizes the available data suggesting the involvement of glucocorticoid-mediated glucocorticoid receptor signaling in urothelial tumor outgrowth and highlights the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. The molecules/pathways that contribute to modulating glucocorticoid receptor activity and function in bladder cancer cells are also discussed.
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122
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Role of Endogenous Glucocorticoids in Cancer in the Elderly. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123774. [PMID: 30486460 PMCID: PMC6321146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although not a disease itself, aging represents a risk factor for many aging-related illnesses, including cancer. Numerous causes underlie the increased incidence of malignancies in the elderly, for example, genomic instability and epigenetic alterations that occur at cellular level, which also involve the immune cells. The progressive decline of the immune system functions that occurs in aging defines immunosenescence, and includes both innate and adaptive immunity; the latter undergoes major alterations. Aging and chronic stress share the abnormal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activation, where altered peripheral glucocorticoids (GC) levels and chronic stress have been associated with accelerated cellular aging, premature immunosenescence, and aging-related diseases. Consequently, changes in GC levels and sensitivity contribute to the signs of immunosenescence, namely fewer naïve T cells, poor immune response to new antigens, decreased cell-mediated immunity, and thymic involution. GC signaling alterations also involve epigenetic alterations in DNA methylation, with transcription modifications that may contribute to immunosenescence. Immune cell aging leads to decreased levels of immunosurveillance, thereby providing tumor cells one more route for immune system escape. Here, the contribution of GC secretion and signaling dysregulation to the increased incidence of tumorigenesis in the elderly is reviewed.
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123
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Wang H, Shi C, Kong M, Mu C, Wei H, Wang C. Cloning and expression of a transcription factor activator protein-1 member identified from the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:1275-1282. [PMID: 30255490 PMCID: PMC6237694 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0935-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription activator proteins are regulatory proteins that bind to the promoter regions of target genes. Transcription activator protein-1 (AP-1) regulates numerous genes related to the immune system, apoptosis, and proliferation. In this study, the full-length cDNA of AP-1 from Portunus trituberculatus (PtAP-1) was identified by expressed sequence tag analysis and cDNA-end rapid amplification. The gene is 1183 bp and encodes a 256-amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass and isoelectric point of 28.96 kDa and 8.90, respectively. PtAP-1 showed the highest expression level in the gonad tissue and the lowest expression level in blood, hemocyte, muscle, hepatopancreas, and gill, during the first 6 h of low-salinity stimulation (10%). Additionally, we observed steady decreases in PtAP-1 mRNA expression in the gill, but at 12 h, expression was initially upregulated, followed by a significant decrease until restoration to baseline levels at 48 h. Additionally, Vibrio alginolyticus challenge resulted in significant upregulation of PtAP-1 expression in the first 6 h, which was maintained at high levels for 48 h. From 48 to 72 h, we observed decreases in PtAP-1 levels, although they remained significantly higher than those detected at baseline. These results suggested that PtAP-1 is involved in the immune response and osmoregulation of crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, 315211 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ce Shi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, 315211 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Kong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People’s Republic of China
| | - Changkao Mu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, 315211 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongling Wei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, 315211 People’s Republic of China
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Zhang L, Ma C, Wang X, He S, Li Q, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Zhang M, Yu X, Zhao X, Li F, Zhu DL. Lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation and glycolysis in airway smooth muscle cells via activation of Drp1. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9255-9263. [PMID: 30317624 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) proliferation is an important pathological process in airway remodeling contributes to increased mortality in asthma. Mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism have a central role in the maintenance of the cell function. In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ASMCs proliferative model was used to investigate the effect of mitochondria on the proliferation of ASMCs and the possible mechanism. We used cell and molecular biology to determine the effect of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) on LPS-mediated ASMCs cell cycle progression and glycolysis. The major findings of the current study are as follows: LPS promoted an increased mitochondrial fission and phosphorylation of Drp1 at Ser616 (p-Drp1 Ser616). LPS-induced ASMCs proliferation and cell cycle progression, which was significantly inhibited application of Drp1 RNA interfering. Glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) depressed ASMCs proliferative process induced by LPS stimulation. LPS caused mitochondrial metabolism disorders and aerobic glycolysis in a dependent on Drp1 activation. These results indicated that Drp1 may function as a key factor in asthma airway remodeling by mediating ASMC proliferation and cell cycle acceleration through an effect on mitochondrial metabolic disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zhang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, China.,Department of Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, China
| | - Cui Ma
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, China.,Department of Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Siyu He
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yutian Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiufeng Yu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, China.,Department of Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, China
| | - Xijuan Zhao
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, China.,Department of Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, China
| | - Da-Ling Zhu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Daqing, China.,Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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125
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Pierucci F, Frati A, Battistini C, Matteini F, Iachini MC, Vestri A, Penna F, Costelli P, Meacci E. Involvement of released sphingosine 1-phosphate/sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor axis in skeletal muscle atrophy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3598-3614. [PMID: 30279138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SkM) atrophy is caused by several and heterogeneous conditions, such as cancer, neuromuscular disorders and aging. In most types of SkM atrophy overall rates of protein synthesis are suppressed, protein degradation is consistently elevated and atrogenes, such as the ubiquitin ligase Atrogin-1/MAFbx, are up-regulated. The molecular regulators of SkM waste are multiple and only in part known. Sphingolipids represent a class of bioactive molecules capable of modulating the destiny of many cell types, including SkM cells. In particular, we and others have shown that sphingosine 1phosphate (S1P), formed by sphingosine kinase (SphK), is able to act as trophic and morphogenic factor in myoblasts. Here, we report the first evidence that the atrophic phenotype observed in both muscle obtained from mice bearing the C26 adenocarcinoma and C2C12 myotubes treated with dexamethasone was characterized by reduced levels of active phospho-SphK1. The importance of SphK1 activity is also confirmed by the specific pharmacological inhibition of SphK1 able to increase Atrogin-1/MAFbx expression and reduce myotube size and myonuclei number. Furthermore, we found that SkM atrophy was accomplished by significant increase of S1P transporter Spns2 and in changes in the pattern of S1P receptor (S1PRs) subtype expression paralleled by increased Atrogin-1/MAFbx expression, suggesting a role for the released S1P and of specific S1PR-mediated signaling pathways in the control of the ubiquitin ligase. Altogether, these findings provide the first evidence that SphK1/released S1P/S1PR axis acts as a molecular regulator of SkM atrophy, thereby representing a new possible target for therapy in many patho-physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pierucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" -Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni, 50, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Frati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" -Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni, 50, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Battistini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" -Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni, 50, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Matteini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" -Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni, 50, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Iachini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" -Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni, 50, Florence, Italy
| | - Ambra Vestri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" -Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni, 50, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Elisabetta Meacci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" -Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni, 50, Florence, Italy.
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126
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Dalm S, Karssen AM, Meijer OC, Belanoff JK, de Kloet ER. Resetting the Stress System with a Mifepristone Challenge. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 39:503-522. [PMID: 30173378 PMCID: PMC6469632 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-018-0614-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic depression is characterized by elevated circulating cortisol, and high daily doses of the glucocorticoid/progesterone antagonist mifepristone for 1 week are required for significant improvement. Using a rodent model, we find that such high doses of mifepristone are needed because the antagonist is rapidly degraded and poorly penetrates the blood–brain barrier, but seems to facilitate the entry of cortisol. We also report that in male C57BL/6J mice, after a 7-day treatment with a high dose of mifepristone, basal blood corticosterone levels were similar to that of vehicle controls. This is surprising because after the first mifepristone challenge, corticosterone remained elevated for about 16 h, and then decreased towards vehicle control levels at 24 h. At that time, stress-induced corticosterone levels of the 1xMIF were sevenfold higher than the 7xMIF group, the latter response being twofold lower than controls. The 1xMIF mice showed behavioral hyperactivity during exploration of the circular hole board, while the 7xMIF mice rather engaged in serial search patterns. To explain this rapid reset of corticosterone secretion upon recurrent mifepristone administration, we suggest the following: (i) A rebound glucocorticoid feedback after cessation of mifepristone treatment. (ii) Glucocorticoid agonism in transrepression and recruitment of cell-specific coregulator cocktails. (iii) A more prominent role of brain MR function in control of stress circuit activity. An overview table of neuroendocrine MIF effects is provided. The data are of interest for understanding the mechanistic underpinning of stress system reset as treatment strategy for stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu Dalm
- Division of Medical Pharmacology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research and Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan M Karssen
- Division of Medical Pharmacology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research and Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Division of Medical Pharmacology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research and Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Room C-7-44, Postal zone C7-Q, PO Box 9600, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - E Ronald de Kloet
- Division of Medical Pharmacology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research and Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Room C-7-44, Postal zone C7-Q, PO Box 9600, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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127
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Glucocorticoid receptor in astrocytes regulates midbrain dopamine neurodegeneration through connexin hemichannel activity. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:580-596. [PMID: 30006609 PMCID: PMC6370798 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise contribution of astrocytes in neuroinflammatory process occurring in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is not well characterized. In this study, using GRCx30CreERT2 mice that are conditionally inactivated for glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in astrocytes, we have examined the actions of astrocytic GR during dopamine neuron (DN) degeneration triggered by the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The results show significantly augmented DN loss in GRCx30CreERT2 mutant mice in substantia nigra (SN) compared to controls. Hypertrophy of microglia but not of astrocytes was greatly enhanced in SN of these astrocytic GR mutants intoxicated with MPTP, indicating heightened microglial reactivity compared to similarly-treated control mice. In the SN of GR astrocyte mutants, specific inflammation-associated transcripts ICAM-1, TNF-α and Il-1β as well as TNF-α protein levels were significantly elevated after MPTP neurotoxicity compared to controls. Interestingly, this paralleled increased connexin hemichannel activity and elevated intracellular calcium levels in astrocytes examined in acute midbrain slices from control and mutant mice treated with MPP+ . The increased connexin-43 hemichannel activity was found in vivo in MPTP-intoxicated mice. Importantly, treatment of MPTP-injected GRCx30CreERT2 mutant mice with TAT-Gap19 peptide, a specific connexin-43 hemichannel blocker, reverted both DN loss and microglial activation; in wild-type mice there was partial but significant survival effect. In the SN of post-mortem PD patients, a significant decrease in the number of astrocytes expressing nuclear GR was observed, suggesting the participation of astrocytic GR deregulation of inflammatory process in PD. Overall, these data provide mechanistic insights into GR-modulated processes in vivo, specifically in astrocytes, that contribute to a pro-inflammatory state and dopamine neurodegeneration in PD pathology.
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128
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Lee BH, Stallcup MR. Different chromatin and DNA sequence characteristics define glucocorticoid receptor binding sites that are blocked or not blocked by coregulator Hic-5. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196965. [PMID: 29738565 PMCID: PMC5940187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) regulates genes in many physiological pathways by binding to enhancer and silencer elements of target genes, where it recruits coregulator proteins that remodel chromatin and regulate the assembly of transcription complexes. The coregulator Hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone 5 (Hic-5) is necessary for glucocorticoid (GC) regulation of one group of GR target genes, is irrelevant for a second group, and inhibits GR binding to a third gene set, thereby blocking their regulation by GC. Gene-specific characteristics that distinguish GR binding regions (GBR) at Hic-5 blocked genes from GBR at other GC-regulated genes are unknown. Here we show genome-wide that blocked GBR generally require CHD9 and BRM for GR occupancy in contrast to GBR that are not blocked by Hic-5. Hic-5 blocked GBR are enriched near Hic-5 blocked GR target genes but not near GR target genes that are not blocked by Hic-5. Furthermore blocked GBR are in a closed conformation prior to Hic-5 depletion, and require Hic-5 depletion and glucocorticoid treatment to create an open conformation necessary for GR occupancy. A transcription factor binding motif characteristic of the ETS family was enriched near blocked GBR and blocked genes but not near non-blocked GBR or non-blocked GR target genes. Thus, we identify specific differences in chromatin conformation, chromatin remodeler requirements, and local DNA sequence motifs that contribute to gene-specific actions of transcription factors and coregulators. These findings shed light on mechanisms that contribute to binding site selection by transcription factors, which vary in a cell type-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Stallcup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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129
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Ayroldi E, Cannarile L, Delfino DV, Riccardi C. A dual role for glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper in glucocorticoid function: tumor growth promotion or suppression? Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:463. [PMID: 29695779 PMCID: PMC5916931 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs), important therapeutic tools to treat inflammatory and immunosuppressive diseases, can also be used as part of cancer therapy. In oncology, GCs are used as anticancer drugs for lymphohematopoietic malignancies, while in solid neoplasms primarily to control the side effects of chemo/radiotherapy treatments. The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of GCs are numerous and often overlapping, but not all have been elucidated. In normal, cancerous, and inflammatory tissues, the response to GCs differs based on the tissue type. The effects of GCs are dependent on several factors: the tumor type, the GC therapy being used, the expression level of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and the presence of any other stimuli such as signals from immune cells and the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, GCs may either promote or suppress tumor growth via different molecular mechanisms. Stress exposure results in dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis with increased levels of endogenous GCs that promote tumorigenesis, confirming the importance of GCs in tumor growth. Most of the effects of GCs are genomic and mediated by the modulation of GR gene transcription. Moreover, among the GR-induced genes, glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), which was cloned and characterized primarily in our laboratory, mediates many GC anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, we analyzed the possible role for GILZ in the effects GCs have on tumors cells. We also suggest that GILZ, by affecting the immune system, tumor microenvironment, and directly cancer cell biology, has a tumor-promoting function. However, it may also induce apoptosis or decrease the proliferation of cancer cells, thus inhibiting tumor growth. The potential therapeutic implications of GILZ activity on tumor cells are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emira Ayroldi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Cannarile
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Domenico V Delfino
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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130
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Ó'Léime CS, Hoban AE, Hueston CM, Stilling R, Moloney G, Cryan JF, Nolan YM. The orphan nuclear receptor TLX regulates hippocampal transcriptome changes induced by IL-1β. Brain Behav Immun 2018. [PMID: 29518529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TLX is an orphan nuclear receptor highly expressed within neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the hippocampus where is regulates proliferation. Inflammation has been shown to have negative effects on hippocampal function as well as on NPC proliferation. Specifically, the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β suppresses NPC proliferation as well as TLX expression in the hippocampus. However, it is unknown whether TLX itself is involved in regulating the inflammatory response in the hippocampus. To explore the role of TLX in inflammation, we assessed changes in the transcriptional landscape of the hippocampus of TLX knockout mice (TLX-/-) compared to wildtype (WT) littermate controls with and without intrahippocampal injection of IL-1β using a whole transcriptome RNA sequencing approach. We demonstrated that there is an increase in the transcription of genes involved in the promotion of inflammation and regulation of cell chemotaxis (Tnf, Il1b, Cxcr1, Cxcr2, Tlr4) and a decrease in the expression of genes relating to synaptic signalling (Lypd1, Syt4, Cplx2) in cannulated TLX-/- mice compared to WT controls. We demonstrate that mice lacking in TLX share a similar increase in 176 genes involved in regulating inflammation (e.g. Cxcl1, Tnf, Il1b) as WT mice injected with IL-1β into the hippocampus. Moreover, TLX-/- mice injected with IL-1β displayed a blunted transcriptional profile compared to WT mice injected with IL-1β. Thus, TLX-/- mice, which already have an exaggerated inflammatory profile after cannulation surgery, are primed to respond differently to an inflammatory stimulus such as IL-1β. Together, these results demonstrate that TLX regulates hippocampal inflammatory transcriptome response to brain injury (in this case cannulation surgery) and cytokine stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarán S Ó'Léime
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan E Hoban
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cara M Hueston
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Roman Stilling
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Moloney
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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131
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Christodoulou MS, Dapiaggi F, Ghiringhelli F, Pieraccini S, Sironi M, Lucafò M, Curci D, Decorti G, Stocco G, Chirumamilla CS, Vanden Berghe W, Balaguer P, Michel BY, Burger A, Beccalli EM, Passarella D, Martinet N. Imidazo[2,1- b]benzothiazol Derivatives as Potential Allosteric Inhibitors of the Glucocorticoid Receptor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:339-344. [PMID: 29670697 PMCID: PMC5900336 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) transactivation reporter gene assays were used as an initial high-throughput screening on a diversified library of 1200 compounds for their evaluation as GCR antagonists. A class of imidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazole and imidazo[2,1-b]benzoimidazole derivatives were identified for their ability to modulate GCR transactivation and anti-inflammatory transrepression effects utilizing GCR and NF-κB specific reporter gene assays. Modeling studies on the crystallographic structure of the GCR ligand binding domain provided three new analogues bearing the tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazole scaffold able to antagonize the GCR in the presence of dexamethasone (DEX) and also defined their putative binding into the GCR structure. Both mRNA level measures of GCR itself and its target gene GILZ, on cells treated with the new analogues, showed a GCR transactivation inhibition, thus suggesting a potential allosteric inhibition of the GCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Christodoulou
- DISFARM,
Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Federico Dapiaggi
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via Golgi
19, 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Francesca Ghiringhelli
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via Golgi
19, 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Stefano Pieraccini
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via Golgi
19, 20133 Milano Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (INSTM), CNR, and INSTM, UdR Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sironi
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via Golgi
19, 20133 Milano Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (INSTM), CNR, and INSTM, UdR Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marianna Lucafò
- Department
of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Debora Curci
- PhD
School in Reproduction and Developmental Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuliana Decorti
- Department
of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Institute
for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Stocco
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Chandra Sekhar Chirumamilla
- Laboratory
of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling, Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp
(UA), 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory
of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling, Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp
(UA), 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- IRCM,
INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, ICM, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Benoît Y. Michel
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut
de Chimie
de Nice, UMR 7272, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Alain Burger
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut
de Chimie
de Nice, UMR 7272, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Egle M. Beccalli
- DISFARM,
Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Passarella
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via Golgi
19, 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Nadine Martinet
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut
de Chimie
de Nice, UMR 7272, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
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132
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Anti-inflammatory actions of Caesalpinin M2 in experimental colitis as a selective glucocoricoid receptor modulator. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 150:150-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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133
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de Kloet ER, Meijer OC, de Nicola AF, de Rijk RH, Joëls M. Importance of the brain corticosteroid receptor balance in metaplasticity, cognitive performance and neuro-inflammation. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 49:124-145. [PMID: 29428549 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bruce McEwen's discovery of receptors for corticosterone in the rat hippocampus introduced higher brain circuits in the neuroendocrinology of stress. Subsequently, these receptors were identified as mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) that are involved in appraisal processes, choice of coping style, encoding and retrieval. The MR-mediated actions on cognition are complemented by slower actions via glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) on contextualization, rationalization and memory storage of the experience. These sequential phases in cognitive performance depend on synaptic metaplasticity that is regulated by coordinate MR- and GR activation. The receptor activation includes recruitment of coregulators and transcription factors as determinants of context-dependent specificity in steroid action; they can be modulated by genetic variation and (early) experience. Interestingly, inflammatory responses to damage seem to be governed by a similarly balanced MR:GR-mediated action as the initiating, terminating and priming mechanisms involved in stress-adaptation. We conclude with five questions challenging the MR:GR balance hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R de Kloet
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - O C Meijer
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - A F de Nicola
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - R H de Rijk
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands & Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
| | - M Joëls
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.
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134
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Crisafulli U, Xavier AM, Dos Santos FB, Cambiaghi TD, Chang SY, Porcionatto M, Castilho BA, Malnic B, Glezer I. Topical Dexamethasone Administration Impairs Protein Synthesis and Neuronal Regeneration in the Olfactory Epithelium. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:50. [PMID: 29559887 PMCID: PMC5845685 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory process in the nasal mucosa is correlated with poor smell perception. Over-activation of immune cells in the olfactory epithelium (OE) is generally associated with loss of olfactory function, and topical steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been largely used for treating such condition. Whether this therapeutic strategy could directly affect the regenerative process in the OE remains unclear. In this study, we show that nasal topical application of dexamethasone (DEX; 200 or 800 ng/nostril), a potent synthetic anti-inflammatory steroid, attenuates OE lesion caused by Gram-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intranasal infusion. In contrast, repeated DEX (400 ng/nostril) local application after lesion establishment limited the regeneration of olfactory sensory neurons after injury promoted by LPS or methimazole. Remarkably, DEX effects were observed when the drug was infused as 3 consecutive days regimen. The anti-inflammatory drug does not induce OE progenitor cell death, however, disturbance in mammalian target of rapamycin downstream signaling pathway and impairment of protein synthesis were observed during the course of DEX treatment. In addition, in vitro studies conducted with OE neurospheres in the absence of an inflammatory environment showed that glucocorticoid receptor engagement directly reduces OE progenitor cells proliferation. Our results suggest that DEX can interfere with the intrinsic regenerative cellular mechanisms of the OE, raising concerns on the use of topical anti-inflammatory steroids as a risk factor for progressive olfactory function impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Crisafulli
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André M Xavier
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana B Dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tavane D Cambiaghi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Seo Y Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marimélia Porcionatto
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz A Castilho
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bettina Malnic
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isaias Glezer
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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135
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Juszczak GR, Stankiewicz AM. Glucocorticoids, genes and brain function. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 82:136-168. [PMID: 29180230 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The identification of key genes in transcriptomic data constitutes a huge challenge. Our review of microarray reports revealed 88 genes whose transcription is consistently regulated by glucocorticoids (GCs), such as cortisol, corticosterone and dexamethasone, in the brain. Replicable transcriptomic data were combined with biochemical and physiological data to create an integrated view of the effects induced by GCs. The most frequently reported genes were Errfi1 and Ddit4. Their up-regulation was associated with the altered transcription of genes regulating growth factor and mTORC1 signaling (Gab1, Tsc22d3, Dusp1, Ndrg2, Ppp5c and Sesn1) and progression of the cell cycle (Ccnd1, Cdkn1a and Cables1). The GC-induced reprogramming of cell function involves changes in the mRNA level of genes responsible for the regulation of transcription (Klf9, Bcl6, Klf15, Tle3, Cxxc5, Litaf, Tle4, Jun, Sox4, Sox2, Sox9, Irf1, Sall2, Nfkbia and Id1) and the selective degradation of mRNA (Tob2). Other genes are involved in the regulation of metabolism (Gpd1, Aldoc and Pdk4), actin cytoskeleton (Myh2, Nedd9, Mical2, Rhou, Arl4d, Osbpl3, Arhgef3, Sdc4, Rdx, Wipf3, Chst1 and Hepacam), autophagy (Eva1a and Plekhf1), vesicular transport (Rhob, Ehd3, Vps37b and Scamp2), gap junctions (Gjb6), immune response (Tiparp, Mertk, Lyve1 and Il6r), signaling mediated by thyroid hormones (Thra and Sult1a1), calcium (Calm2), adrenaline/noradrenaline (Adcy9 and Adra1d), neuropeptide Y (Npy1r) and histamine (Hdc). GCs also affected genes involved in the synthesis of polyamines (Azin1) and taurine (Cdo1). The actions of GCs are restrained by feedback mechanisms depending on the transcription of Sgk1, Fkbp5 and Nr3c1. A side effect induced by GCs is increased production of reactive oxygen species. Available data show that the brain's response to GCs is part of an emergency mode characterized by inactivation of non-core activities, restrained inflammation, restriction of investments (growth), improved efficiency of energy production and the removal of unnecessary or malfunctioning cellular components to conserve energy and maintain nutrient supply during the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz R Juszczak
- Department of Animal Behavior, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Jastrzebiec, ul. Postepu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Adrian M Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Jastrzebiec, ul. Postepu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
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136
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Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Acer Palmatum Thumb. Extract, KIOM-2015EW, in a Hyperosmolar-Stress-Induced In Vitro Dry Eye Model. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030282. [PMID: 29495608 PMCID: PMC5872700 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of KIOM-2015EW, the hot-water extract of maple leaves in hyperosmolar stress (HOS)-induced human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). HCECs were exposed to hyperosmolar medium and exposed to KIOM-2015EW with or without the hyperosmolar media. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 production and apoptosis were observed, and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), p38 and c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling and nuclear factor (NF)-κB was confirmed. Compared to isomolar medium, the induction of cell cytotoxicity significantly increased in HCECs exposed to hyperosmolar medium in a time-dependent manner. KIOM-2015EW-treatment significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and apoptosis. KIOM-2015EW-treatment inhibited HOS-induced MAPK signaling activation. Additionally, the HOS-induced increase in NF-κB phosphorylation was attenuated by KIOM-2015EW. The results demonstrated that KIOM-2015EW protects the ocular surface by suppressing inflammation in dry eye disease, and suggest that KIOM-2015EW may be used to treat several ocular surface diseases where inflammation plays a key role.
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137
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Harada K, Matsuoka H, Inoue M. Expression and regulation of M-type K+ channel in PC12 cells and rat adrenal medullary cells. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 372:457-468. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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138
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Analysis of Drug Effects on Primary Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells Activated by Serum Amyloid A. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:8237209. [PMID: 29670468 PMCID: PMC5833471 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8237209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background RA patients have a higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases compared to the general population. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute-phase protein, upregulated in sera of RA patients. Aim To determine the effects of medications on SAA-stimulated human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC). Methods HCAEC were preincubated for 2 h with medications from sterile ampules (dexamethasone, methotrexate, certolizumab pegol, and etanercept), dissolved in medium (captopril) or DMSO (etoricoxib, rosiglitazone, meloxicam, fluvastatin, and diclofenac). Human recombinant apo-SAA was used to stimulate HCAEC at a final 1000 nM concentration for 24 hours. IL-6, IL-8, sVCAM-1, and PAI-1 were measured by ELISA. The number of viable cells was determined colorimetrically. Results SAA-stimulated levels of released IL-6, IL-8, and sVCAM-1 from HCAEC were significantly attenuated by methotrexate, fluvastatin, and etoricoxib. Both certolizumab pegol and etanercept significantly decreased PAI-1 by an average of 43%. Rosiglitazone significantly inhibited sVCAM-1 by 58%. Conclusion We observed marked influence of fluvastatin on lowering cytokine production in SAA-activated HCAEC. Methotrexate showed strong beneficial effects for lowering released Il-6, IL-8, and sVCAM-1. Interesting duality was observed for NSAIDs, with meloxicam exhibiting opposite-trend effects from diclofenac and etoricoxib. This represents unique insight into specific responsiveness of inflammatory-driven HCAEC relevant to atherosclerosis.
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139
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Drug repurposing of novel quinoline acetohydrazide derivatives as potent COX-2 inhibitors and anti-cancer agents. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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140
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Liberman AC, Budziñski ML, Sokn C, Gobbini RP, Steininger A, Arzt E. Regulatory and Mechanistic Actions of Glucocorticoids on T and Inflammatory Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:235. [PMID: 29867767 PMCID: PMC5964134 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) play an important role in regulating the inflammatory and immune response and have been used since decades to treat various inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Fine-tuning the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity is instrumental in the search for novel therapeutic strategies aimed to reduce pathological signaling and restoring homeostasis. Despite the primary anti-inflammatory actions of GCs, there are studies suggesting that under certain conditions GCs may also exert pro-inflammatory responses. For these reasons the understanding of the GR basic mechanisms of action on different immune cells in the periphery (e.g., macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and T cells) and in the brain (microglia) contexts, that we review in this chapter, is a continuous matter of interest and may reveal novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of immune and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Liberman
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) – CONICET – Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maia L. Budziñski
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) – CONICET – Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clara Sokn
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) – CONICET – Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Paula Gobbini
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) – CONICET – Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anja Steininger
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) – CONICET – Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Arzt
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) – CONICET – Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Eduardo Arzt,
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Patil RH, Naveen Kumar M, Kiran Kumar KM, Nagesh R, Kavya K, Babu RL, Ramesh GT, Chidananda Sharma S. Dexamethasone inhibits inflammatory response via down regulation of AP-1 transcription factor in human lung epithelial cells. Gene 2017; 645:85-94. [PMID: 29248584 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The production of inflammatory mediators by epithelial cells in inflammatory lung diseases may represent an important target for the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. Activator protein-1 is a major activator of inflammatory genes and has been proposed as a target for inhibition by glucocorticoids. We have used human pulmonary type-II A549 cells to examine the effect of dexamethasone on the phorbol ester (PMA)/Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and AP-1 factors. A549 cells were treated with and without PMA or LPS or dexamethasone and the cell viability and nitric oxide production was measured by MTT assay and Griess reagent respectively. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and AP-1 factors mRNA were measured using semi quantitative RT-PCR. The PMA/LPS treated cells show significant 2-3 fold increase in the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α), cyclo‑oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and specific AP-1 factors (c-Jun, c-Fos and Jun-D). Whereas, pretreatment of cells with dexamethasone significantly inhibited the LPS induced nitric oxide production and PMA/LPS induced mRNAs expression of above pro-inflammatory cytokines, COX-2 and AP-1 factors. Cells treated with dexamethasone alone at both the concentrations inhibit the mRNAs expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α compared to control. Our study reveals that dexamethasone decreased the mRNAs expression of c-Jun and c-Fos available for AP-1 formation suggested that AP-1 is the probable key transcription factor involved in the anti-inflammatory activity of dexamethasone. This may be an important molecular mechanism of steroid action in asthma and other chronic inflammatory lung diseases which may be useful for treatment of lung inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari H Patil
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi, Bengaluru 560 056, Karnataka, India; Department of Biotechnology, The Oxford College of Science, HSR Layout, Bengaluru 560102, Karnataka, India.
| | - M Naveen Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi, Bengaluru 560 056, Karnataka, India
| | - K M Kiran Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi, Bengaluru 560 056, Karnataka, India
| | - Rashmi Nagesh
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi, Bengaluru 560 056, Karnataka, India
| | - K Kavya
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi, Bengaluru 560 056, Karnataka, India
| | - R L Babu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Karnataka State Women's University, Jnana Shakthi Campus, Vijayapura 586 108, Karnataka, India; Department of Biology and Center for Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Govindarajan T Ramesh
- Department of Biology and Center for Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - S Chidananda Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi, Bengaluru 560 056, Karnataka, India
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Lee DS, Lee CM, Park SK, Yim MJ, Lee JM, Choi G, Yoo JS, Jung WK, Park S, Seo SK, Park WS, Choi IW. Anti-inhibitory potential of an ethanolic extract of Distromium decumbens on pro-inflammatory cytokine production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1950-1956. [PMID: 29039451 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine algae are rich sources of biologically active compounds that may present useful leads in the development of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and functional foods. The main aim of this study was to identify the possible anti-inflammatory effects of Distromium decumbens in nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts (NPDFs) and its associated mechanism of action. NPDFs were stimulated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (PA-LPS) and treated with an ethanolic extract of Distromium decumbens (DDE). The production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 in the supernatant, the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) molecules [extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK] and Akt, and the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were assayed in the PA-LPS-stimulated NPDFs untreated or treated with DDE. The expression levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in PA-LPS-exposed NPDFs were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The mechanisms by which DDE regulates cellular signaling cascades were investigated using electrophoretic mobility shift assays and western blot analysis. Functional validation was performed by measuring the inhibitory effects of DDE on neutrophil migration in vitro. DDE reduced the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 stimulated by PA-LPS in NPDFs. The activation of ERK1/2, Akt and NF-κB by PA-LPS was inhibited by DDE. Inhibitors of ERK1/2, Akt and NF-κB inhibited the expression of IL-6 and IL-8. In addition, DDE significantly attenuated PA-LPS-induced migration of differentiated HL-60 cells. The present findings suggest that DDE potently inhibits inflammation through the ERK1/2, Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways in NPDFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Sung Lee
- Department of Applied Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Seong Kook Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Yim
- Department of Applied Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- Department of Applied Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Grace Choi
- Department of Applied Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Su Yoo
- Department of Applied Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Saegwang Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kil Seo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Whan Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
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143
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Fischer A, Ziogas A, Anton-Culver H. Negative Valence Life Events Promote Breast Cancer Development. Clin Breast Cancer 2017; 18:e521-e528. [PMID: 29170032 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of stress on breast cancer risk remains unknown. The goal of the present study was to determine the effect of stress in the form of salient positive and negative valence life events (LEs) on primary invasive breast cancer risk. We hypothesized that salient negative LEs would increase breast cancer risk and salient positive LEs would attenuate this increased risk. PATIENTS AND METHODS We used a case-control design with 664 cases identified through the Cancer Surveillance Program of Orange County and 203 population-based controls. Participants completed a risk factor questionnaire, which included a LE section. Fourteen salient LEs of positive or negative valence were used to quantify stress exposure. A baseline model was constructed, and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using multivariate unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS Negative LEs were associated with increased breast cancer risk. The OR for ≥ 4 negative LEs showed a 2.81-fold increase in breast cancer risk (OR, 2.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47-5.36). A significant dose-response relationship between lifetime negative valence LEs and breast cancer risk was found. Previous personal illness increased breast cancer risk by 3.6-fold (OR, 3.60; 95% CI, 2.50-5.20). In contrast, abortion was associated with a 45% decrease in breast cancer risk (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.34-0.89). Salient positive LEs did not have a significant effect on breast cancer risk. However, they seemed to buffer the adverse effect of salient negative LEs on breast cancer risk. CONCLUSION The findings from the present study support the role of salient negative LEs in promoting breast cancer development, with a possible buffering effect of salient positive LEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Fischer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA.
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Perkins MS, Louw-du Toit R, Africander D. A comparative characterization of estrogens used in hormone therapy via estrogen receptor (ER)-α and -β. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 174:27-39. [PMID: 28743541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conventional hormone therapy (HT) containing estrogens such as ethinylestradiol (EE) have been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and cardiovascular disease resulting in women seeking safer alternatives that are claimed to have fewer health risks. One such alternative gaining popularity, is custom-compounded bioidentical (b)HT formulations containing bioidentical estradiol (bE2) and estriol (bE3). However, the preparation of these custom-compounded estrogens is not regulated, and depending on the route of synthesis, steroid mixtures with differing activities may be produced. Thus, an investigation into the activities of estrogens prepared by custom-compounded pharmacies is warranted. The aim of this study was therefore to directly compare the pharmacological properties of bE2 and bE3 of unknown purity relative to commercially available, pure E2, E3 and estrone (E1) standards as well as synthetic EE used in conventional HT via the human estrogen receptor (ER)-α and -β. We determined precise equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd or Ki values) and showed that bE2 and bE3 display similar binding affinities to the E2 and E3 standards, while EE had a higher affinity for ERα, and E1 a lower affinity for ERβ. Furthermore, all the estrogens display similar agonist efficacies, but not potencies, for transactivation on a minimal ERE-containing promoter via the individual ER subtypes. Although E2 and E3 were equally efficacious and potent on the endogenous ERE-containing pS2 promoter in the MCF-7 BUS breast cancer cell line co-expressing ERα and ERβ, E1 was less efficacious and potent than E2. This study is the first to demonstrate that the bioidentical estrogens, commercially available estrogen standards and synthetic EE are full agonists for transrepression on both minimal and endogenous NFκB-containing promoters. Moreover, we showed that these estrogens all increase proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of MCF-7 BUS cells to a similar extent, suggesting that custom-compounded bHT may in fact not be a safer alternative to conventional HT. Furthermore, our results showing that E3 and E1 are not weak estrogens, and that E3 does not antagonize the activity of E2, suggest that the rationale behind the use of E3 and E1 in custom-compounded bHT formulations should be readdressed. Taken together, the results indicating that there is mostly no difference between the custom-compounded bioidentical estrogens, commercially available estrogen standards and synthetic EE, at concentrations reflecting serum levels in women using estrogen-containing HT, suggest that there is no clear advantage in choosing bHT above conventional HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan S Perkins
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Renate Louw-du Toit
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Donita Africander
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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145
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Chirumamilla CS, Palagani A, Kamaraj B, Declerck K, Verbeek MWC, Oksana R, De Bosscher K, Bougarne N, Ruttens B, Gevaert K, Houtman R, De Vos WH, Joossens J, Van Der Veken P, Augustyns K, Van Ostade X, Bogaerts A, De Winter H, Vanden Berghe W. Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Properties of GSK866 Analogs with Cysteine Reactive Warheads. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1324. [PMID: 29163463 PMCID: PMC5672024 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids (GC) are the mainstay therapy for treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. Due to the high adverse effects associated with long-term use, GC pharmacology has focused since the nineties on more selective GC ligand-binding strategies, classified as selective glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonists (SEGRAs) or selective glucocorticoid receptor modulators (SEGRMs). In the current study, GSK866 analogs with electrophilic covalent-binding warheads were developed with potential SEGRA properties to improve their clinical safety profile for long-lasting topical skin disease applications. Since the off-rate of a covalently binding drug is negligible compared to that of a non-covalent drug, its therapeutic effects can be prolonged and typically, smaller doses of the drug are necessary to reach the same level of therapeutic efficacy, thereby potentially reducing systemic side effects. Different analogs of SEGRA GSK866 coupled to cysteine reactive warheads were characterized for GR potency and selectivity in various biochemical and cellular assays. GR- and NFκB-dependent reporter gene studies show favorable anti-inflammatory properties with reduced GR transactivation of two non-steroidal GSK866 analogs UAMC-1217 and UAMC-1218, whereas UAMC-1158 and UAMC-1159 compounds failed to modulate cellular GR activity. These results were further supported by GR immuno-localization and S211 phospho-GR western analysis, illustrating significant GR phosphoactivation and nuclear translocation upon treatment of GSK866, UAMC-1217, or UAMC-1218, but not in case of UAMC-1158 or UAMC-1159. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis of tryptic peptides of recombinant GR ligand-binding domain (LBD) bound to UAMC-1217 or UAMC-1218 confirmed covalent cysteine-dependent GR binding. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations, as well as glucocorticoid receptor ligand-binding domain (GR-LBD) coregulator interaction profiling of the GR-LBD bound to GSK866 or its covalently binding analogs UAMC-1217 or UAMC-1218 revealed subtle conformational differences that might underlie their SEGRA properties. Altogether, GSK866 analogs UAMC-1217 and UAMC-1218 hold promise as a novel class of covalent-binding SEGRA ligands for the treatment of topical inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra S Chirumamilla
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ajay Palagani
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Balu Kamaraj
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ken Declerck
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marinus W C Verbeek
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ryabtsova Oksana
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab (NRL) and Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nadia Bougarne
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab (NRL) and Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Ruttens
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, VIB, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, VIB, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - René Houtman
- PamGene International B.V., Den Bosch, Netherlands
| | - Winnok H De Vos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Joossens
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Der Veken
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Xaveer Van Ostade
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hans De Winter
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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146
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Weikum ER, de Vera IMS, Nwachukwu JC, Hudson WH, Nettles KW, Kojetin DJ, Ortlund EA. Tethering not required: the glucocorticoid receptor binds directly to activator protein-1 recognition motifs to repress inflammatory genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:8596-8608. [PMID: 28591827 PMCID: PMC5737878 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a ligand-regulated transcription factor that controls the expression of extensive gene networks, driving both up- and down-regulation. GR utilizes multiple DNA-binding-dependent and -independent mechanisms to achieve context-specific transcriptional outcomes. The DNA-binding-independent mechanism involves tethering of GR to the pro-inflammatory transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) through protein-protein interactions. This mechanism has served as the predominant model of GR-mediated transrepression of inflammatory genes. However, ChIP-seq data have consistently shown GR to occupy AP-1 response elements (TREs), even in the absence of AP-1. Therefore, the current model is insufficient to explain GR action at these sites. Here, we show that GR regulates a subset of inflammatory genes in a DNA-binding-dependent manner. Using structural biology and biochemical approaches, we show that GR binds directly to TREs via sequence-specific contacts to a GR-binding sequence (GBS) half-site found embedded within the TRE motif. Furthermore, we show that GR-mediated transrepression observed at TRE sites to be DNA-binding-dependent. This represents a paradigm shift in the field, showing that GR uses multiple mechanisms to suppress inflammatory gene expression. This work further expands our understanding of this complex multifaceted transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Weikum
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ian Mitchelle S de Vera
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jerome C Nwachukwu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - William H Hudson
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kendall W Nettles
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Douglas J Kojetin
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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147
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Molina ML, Guerrero J, Cidlowski JA, Gatica H, Goecke A. LPS regulates the expression of glucocorticoid receptor α and β isoforms and induces a selective glucocorticoid resistance in vitro. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2017; 14:22. [PMID: 29075152 PMCID: PMC5644185 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-017-0169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of LPS in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) isoforms expression on different cell lines and PBMC from healthy donors in vitro and glucocorticoid sensitivity of PBMC in vitro. Methods U-2 OS cell lines expressing GR isoforms, different cell lines (CEM, RAJI, K562 and HeLa) or PBMC from healthy donors, were cultured or not with LPS. The expression of GRα and GRβ was evaluated by Western blot. Glucocorticoid sensitivity was evaluated in PBMC treated with LPS, testing genes which are transactivated or transrepressed by glucocorticoid. For transactivated genes (MKP1, FKBP5) PBMC were treated with Dexamethasone 100 nM for 6 h. The mRNA expression was measured by RT-PCR. For transrepressed genes (IL-8, GM-CSF), PBMC were cultured in Dexamethasone 100 nM and LPS 10 μg/ml for 6 h and protein expression was measure by ELISA. Results GR isoforms were induced in U-2 OS cells with a greater effect on GRα expression. Both isoforms were also induced in CEM cells with a tendency to a greater effect on GRβ. LPS induced only the expression of GRα in Raji and HeLa cells, and in PBMC, with no effect in K562 cells. LPS induced a loss of glucocorticoid inhibitory effect only on the secretion of GM-CSF. Conclusion LPS in vitro differentially modulates the expression of GR isoforms in a cell specific manner. In PBMC from healthy donors LPS induces an approximately two times increase in the expression of GRα and a loss of the glucocorticoid inhibitory effect on the secretion of GM-CSF, without affecting other glucocorticoid responses evaluated. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12950-017-0169-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Molina
- Rheumatology Section, Internal Medicine Department, Clinical Hospital, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Physiology and Biophysics Disciplinary Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julia Guerrero
- Physiology and Biophysics Disciplinary Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Héctor Gatica
- Rheumatology Section, Internal Medicine Department, Clinical Hospital, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Annelise Goecke
- Rheumatology Section, Internal Medicine Department, Clinical Hospital, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Physiology and Biophysics Disciplinary Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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148
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Psarras A, Emery P, Vital EM. Type I interferon-mediated autoimmune diseases: pathogenesis, diagnosis and targeted therapy. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:1662-1675. [PMID: 28122959 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are a group of molecules with pleiotropic effects on the immune system forming a crucial link between innate and adaptive immune responses. Apart from their important role in antiviral immunity, IFN-Is are increasingly recognized as key players in autoimmune CTDs such as SLE. Novel therapies that target IFN-I appear effective in SLE in early trials, but effectiveness is related to the presence of IFN-I biomarkers. IFN-I biomarkers may also act as positive or negative predictors of response to other biologics. Despite the high failure rate of clinical trials in SLE, subgroups of patients often respond better. Fully optimizing the potential of these agents is therefore likely to require stratification of patients using IFN-I and other biomarkers. This suggests the unified concept of type I IFN-mediated autoimmune diseases as a grouping including patients with a variety of different traditional diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Psarras
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul Emery
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Edward M Vital
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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149
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Li J, Wang Y, Rao X, Wang Y, Feng W, Liang H, Liu Y. Roles of alternative splicing in modulating transcriptional regulation. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2017; 11:89. [PMID: 28984199 PMCID: PMC5629561 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-017-0465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The ability of a transcription factor to regulate its targets is modulated by a variety of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Alternative splicing can modulate gene function by adding or removing certain protein domains, and therefore affect the activity of protein. Reverse engineering of gene regulatory networks using gene expression profiles has proven valuable in dissecting the logical relationships among multiple proteins during the transcriptional regulation. However, it is unclear whether alternative splicing of certain proteins affects the activity of other transcription factors. Results In order to investigate the roles of alternative splicing during transcriptional regulation, we constructed a statistical model to infer whether the alternative splicing events of modulator proteins can affect the ability of key transcription factors in regulating the expression levels of their transcriptional targets. We tested our strategy in KIRC (Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma) using the RNA-seq data downloaded from TCGA (the Cancer Genomic Atlas). We identified 828of modulation relationships between the splicing levels of modulator proteins and activity levels of transcription factors. For instance, we found that the activity levels of GR (glucocorticoid receptor) protein, a key transcription factor in kidney, can be influenced by the splicing status of multiple proteins, including TP53, MDM2 (mouse double minute 2 homolog), RBM14 (RNA-binding protein 14) and SLK (STE20 like kinase). The influenced GR-targets are enriched by key cancer-related pathways, including p53 signaling pathway, TR/RXR activation, CAR/RXR activation, G1/S checkpoint regulation pathway, and G2/M DNA damage checkpoint regulation pathway. Conclusions Our analysis suggests, for the first time, that exon inclusion levels of certain regulatory proteins can affect the activities of many transcription factors. Such analysis can potentially unravel a novel mechanism of how splicing variation influences the cellular function and provide important insights for how dysregulation of splicing outcome can lead to various diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12918-017-0465-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Xi Rao
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Weixing Feng
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Hong Liang
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China.
| | - Yunlong Liu
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China. .,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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150
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Zielińska KA, de Cauwer L, Knoops S, Van der Molen K, Sneyers A, Thommis J, De Souza JB, Opdenakker G, De Bosscher K, Van den Steen PE. Plasmodium berghei NK65 in Combination with IFN-γ Induces Endothelial Glucocorticoid Resistance via Sustained Activation of p38 and JNK. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1199. [PMID: 29033931 PMCID: PMC5625030 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS) is an often lethal complication of malaria. Currently, no adequate therapy for this syndrome exists. Although glucocorticoids (GCs) have been used to improve clinical outcome of ARDS, their therapeutic benefits remain unclear. We previously developed a mouse model of MA-ARDS, in which dexamethasone treatment revealed GC resistance. In the present study, we investigated GC sensitivity of mouse microvascular lung endothelial cells stimulated with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and Plasmodium berghei NK65 (PbNK65). Upon challenge with IFN-γ alone, dexamethasone inhibited the expression of CCL5 (RANTES) by 90% and both CCL2 (MCP-1) and CXCL10 (IP-10) by 50%. Accordingly, whole transcriptome analysis revealed that dexamethasone differentially affected several gene clusters and in particular inhibited a large cluster of IFN-γ-induced genes, including chemokines. In contrast, combined stimulation with IFN-γ and PbNK65 extract impaired inhibitory actions of GCs on chemokine release, without affecting the capacity of the GC receptor to accumulate in the nucleus. Subsequently, we investigated the effects of GCs on two signaling pathways activated by IFN-γ. Dexamethasone left phosphorylation and protein levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) unhampered. In contrast, dexamethasone inhibited the IFN-γ-induced activation of two mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), JNK, and p38. However, PbNK65 extract abolished the inhibitory effects of GCs on MAPK signaling, inducing GC resistance. These data provide novel insights into the mechanisms of GC actions in endothelial cells and show how malaria may impair the beneficial effects of GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina A Zielińska
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode de Cauwer
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Knoops
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van der Molen
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander Sneyers
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Thommis
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Brian De Souza
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philippe E Van den Steen
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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