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Wang J, Liu J, Zhou R, Ding X, Zhang Q, Zhang C, Li L. Zika virus infected primary microglia impairs NPCs proliferation and differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:619-625. [PMID: 29453985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) can lead to severe birth defects especially microcephaly in newborns by infecting human neural progenitors and impairing brain development. However, as the resident immune cells in the brain, the role of microglia in the ZIKV pathology is not clearly defined. To understand the interplay between immune response and neural cells, we investigate the interaction between microglia and NPCs during ZIKV infection. Our results demonstrate that primary microglia infected with ZIKV induces an inflammatory response similar to that in human, producing high level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Furthermore, conditional medium (CM) of ZIKV infected microglia showed inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) derived from E14 mice brain. Blocking cytokines in the CM remarkably improved neurogenesis and decreased astrocytic differentiation of NPCs. Together, our results suggest that microglia mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in neuropathogenesis during ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Xin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Qipeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China.
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102
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Cairns DM, Boorgu DSSK, Levin M, Kaplan DL. Niclosamide rescues microcephaly in a humanized in vivo model of Zika infection using human induced neural stem cells. Biol Open 2018; 7:7/1/bio031807. [PMID: 29378701 PMCID: PMC5829514 DOI: 10.1242/bio.031807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus with a causative link to microcephaly, a condition resulting in reduced cranial size and brain abnormalities. Despite recent progress, there is a current lack of in vivo models that permit the study of systemic virus on human neurons in a developing organism that replicates the pathophysiology of human disease. Furthermore, no treatment to date has been reported to reduce ZIKV-induced microcephaly. We tested the effects of ZIKV on human induced neural stem cells (hiNSCs) in vitro and found that infected hiNSCs secrete inflammatory cytokines, display altered differentiation, and become apoptotic. We also utilized this in vitro system to assess the therapeutic effects of niclosamide, an FDA-approved anthelminthic, and found that it decreases ZIKV production, partially restores differentiation, and prevents apoptosis in hiNSCs. We intracranially injected hiNSCs into developing chicks, subjected them to systemic ZIKV infection via the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), a tissue similar in structure and function to the mammalian placenta, and found that humanized ZIKV-infected embryos developed severe microcephaly including smaller crania, decreased forebrain volume and enlarged ventricles. Lastly, we utilized this humanized model to show that CAM-delivery of niclosamide can partially rescue ZIKV-induced microcephaly and attenuate infection of hiNSCs in vivoThis article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Cairns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | | | - Michael Levin
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.,Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA .,Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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103
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Ncube NB, Ramharack P, Soliman MES. An “All-In-One” Pharmacophoric Architecture for the Discovery of Potential Broad-Spectrum Anti-Flavivirus Drugs. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 185:799-814. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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104
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Kong W, Li H, Zhu J. Zika virus: The transboundary pathogen from mosquito and updates. Microb Pathog 2018; 114:476-482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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105
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New Targets for Zika Virus Determined by Human-Viral Interactomic: A Bioinformatics Approach. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1734151. [PMID: 29379794 PMCID: PMC5742907 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1734151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Identifying ZIKV factors interfering with human host pathways represents a major challenge in understanding ZIKV tropism and pathogenesis. The integration of proteomic, gene expression and Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) established between ZIKV and human host proteins predicted by the OralInt algorithm identified 1898 interactions with medium or high score (≥0.7). Targets implicated in vesicular traffic and docking were identified. New receptors involved in endocytosis pathways as ZIKV entry targets, using both clathrin-dependent (17 receptors) and independent (10 receptors) pathways, are described. New targets used by the ZIKV to undermine the host's antiviral immune response are proposed based on predicted interactions established between the virus and host cell receptors and/or proteins with an effector or signaling role in the immune response such as IFN receptors and TLR. Complement and cytokines are proposed as extracellular potential interacting partners of the secreted form of NS1 ZIKV protein. Altogether, in this article, 18 new human targets for structural and nonstructural ZIKV proteins are proposed. These results are of great relevance for the understanding of viral pathogenesis and consequently the development of preventive (vaccines) and therapeutic targets for ZIKV infection management.
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106
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Lannes N, Eppler E, Etemad S, Yotovski P, Filgueira L. Microglia at center stage: a comprehensive review about the versatile and unique residential macrophages of the central nervous system. Oncotarget 2017; 8:114393-114413. [PMID: 29371994 PMCID: PMC5768411 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia cells are the unique residential macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS). They have a special origin, as they derive from the embryonic yolk sac and enter the developing CNS at a very early stage. They play an important role during CNS development and adult homeostasis. They have a major contribution to adult neurogenesis and neuroinflammation. Thus, they participate in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and contribute to aging. They play an important role in sustaining and breaking the blood-brain barrier. As innate immune cells, they contribute substantially to the immune response against infectious agents affecting the CNS. They play also a major role in the growth of tumours of the CNS. Microglia are consequently the key cell population linking the nervous and the immune system. This review covers all different aspects of microglia biology and pathology in a comprehensive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Lannes
- Albert Gockel, Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Eppler
- Pestalozzistrasse Zo, Department of BioMedicine, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samar Etemad
- Building 71/218 RBWH Herston, Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, QLD 4029 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Yotovski
- Albert Gockel, Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Luis Filgueira
- Albert Gockel, Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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107
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Meertens L, Labeau A, Dejarnac O, Cipriani S, Sinigaglia L, Bonnet-Madin L, Le Charpentier T, Hafirassou ML, Zamborlini A, Cao-Lormeau VM, Coulpier M, Missé D, Jouvenet N, Tabibiazar R, Gressens P, Schwartz O, Amara A. Axl Mediates ZIKA Virus Entry in Human Glial Cells and Modulates Innate Immune Responses. Cell Rep 2017; 18:324-333. [PMID: 28076778 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ZIKA virus (ZIKV) is an emerging pathogen responsible for neurological disorders and congenital microcephaly. However, the molecular basis for ZIKV neurotropism remains poorly understood. Here, we show that Axl is expressed in human microglia and astrocytes in the developing brain and that it mediates ZIKV infection of glial cells. Axl-mediated ZIKV entry requires the Axl ligand Gas6, which bridges ZIKV particles to glial cells. Following binding, ZIKV is internalized through clathrin-mediated endocytosis and traffics to Rab5+ endosomes to establish productive infection. During entry, the ZIKV/Gas6 complex activates Axl kinase activity, which downmodulates interferon signaling and facilitates infection. ZIKV infection of human glial cells is inhibited by MYD1, an engineered Axl decoy receptor, and by the Axl kinase inhibitor R428. Our results highlight the dual role of Axl during ZIKV infection of glial cells: promoting viral entry and modulating innate immune responses. Therefore, inhibiting Axl function may represent a potential target for future antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Meertens
- INSERM U944, CNRS 7212 Laboratoire de Pathologie et Virologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St. Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France.
| | - Athena Labeau
- INSERM U944, CNRS 7212 Laboratoire de Pathologie et Virologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St. Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Ophelie Dejarnac
- INSERM U944, CNRS 7212 Laboratoire de Pathologie et Virologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St. Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Sara Cipriani
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Laura Sinigaglia
- UMR CNRS 3569, Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Pasteur Institute, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Bonnet-Madin
- INSERM U944, CNRS 7212 Laboratoire de Pathologie et Virologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St. Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | | | - Mohamed Lamine Hafirassou
- INSERM U944, CNRS 7212 Laboratoire de Pathologie et Virologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St. Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Alessia Zamborlini
- INSERM U944, CNRS 7212 Laboratoire de Pathologie et Virologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St. Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France; Laboratoire PVM, Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers, 292 Rue Saint-Martin, 75003 Paris, France
| | | | - Muriel Coulpier
- ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR Virologie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Dorothée Missé
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC, UMR 224 IRD/CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- UMR CNRS 3569, Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Pasteur Institute, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Ray Tabibiazar
- Ruga Corporation, Two Houston Center, 909 Fannin St., #2000, Houston, TX 77010-1018, USA
| | - Pierre Gressens
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Unité Virus et Immunité, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Ali Amara
- INSERM U944, CNRS 7212 Laboratoire de Pathologie et Virologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St. Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France.
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108
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Zhang F, Wang HJ, Wang Q, Liu ZY, Yuan L, Huang XY, Li G, Ye Q, Yang H, Shi L, Deng YQ, Qin CF, Xu Z. American Strain of Zika Virus Causes More Severe Microcephaly Than an Old Asian Strain in Neonatal Mice. EBioMedicine 2017; 25:95-105. [PMID: 29107512 PMCID: PMC5704065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has evolved from an overlooked mosquito-borne flavivirus into a global health threat due to its astonishing causal link to microcephaly and other disorders. ZIKV has been shown to infect neuronal progenitor cells of the fetal mouse brain, which is comparable to the first-trimester human fetal brain, and result in microcephaly. However, whether there are different effects between the contemporary ZIKV strain and its ancestral strain in the neonatal mouse brain, which is comparable with the second-trimester human fetal brain, is unclear. Here we adopted a mouse model which enables us to study the postnatal effect of ZIKV infection. We show that even 100 pfu of ZIKV can replicate and infect neurons and oligodendrocytes in most parts of the brain. Compared with the ancestral strain from Cambodia (CAM/2010), infection of the ZIKV strain from Venezuela (VEN/2016) leads to much more severe microcephaly, accompanied by more neuronal cell death, abolishment of oligodendrocyte development, and a more dramatic immune response. The serious brain damage caused by VEN/2016 infection would be helpful to elucidate why the American strain resulted in severe neurovirulence in infants and will provide clinical guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of infection by different ZIKV strains. The infection of an American strain of ZIKV leads to more severe microcephaly than the ancestral Asian strain. American strain infects more cells, and induces more dramatic immune response and cell death than ancestral Asian strain.
World attention has been drawn to a global Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak due to its unexpected causal link to congenital brain abnormalities, especially microcephaly. Infection of pregnant women with the American Zika strain, but not the ancestral Asian strain, can result in microcephaly in infants. However, the phenotypic difference between the contemporary American strain and ancestral Asian strain of ZIKV is still unclear. We employed the ZIKV infection model of a neonatal mouse brain to compare the difference between these two strains. We find that infection by the American strain leads to more severe microcephaly than the ancestral Asian strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10101, China
| | - Hong-Jiang Wang
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10101, China
| | - Zhong-Yu Liu
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10101, China
| | - Xing-Yao Huang
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Haozhen Yang
- Liver Failure Therapy and Research Center, Beijing, 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Deng
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China; Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Zhiheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10101, China; Parkinson's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
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109
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Shao Q, Herrlinger S, Zhu YN, Yang M, Goodfellow F, Stice SL, Qi XP, Brindley MA, Chen JF. The African Zika virus MR-766 is more virulent and causes more severe brain damage than current Asian lineage and dengue virus. Development 2017; 144:4114-4124. [PMID: 28993398 DOI: 10.1242/dev.156752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) has two lineages, Asian and African, and their impact on developing brains has not been compared. Dengue virus (DENV) is a close family member of ZIKV and co-circulates with ZIKV. Here, we performed intracerebral inoculation of embryonic mouse brains with dengue virus 2 (DENV2), and found that DENV2 is sufficient to cause smaller brain size due to increased cell death in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and neurons. Compared with the currently circulating Asian lineage of ZIKV (MEX1-44), DENV2 grows slower, causes less neuronal death and fails to cause postnatal animal death. Surprisingly, our side-by-side comparison uncovered that the African ZIKV isolate (MR-766) is more potent at causing brain damage and postnatal lethality than MEX1-44. In comparison with MEX1-44, MR-766 grows faster in NPCs and in the developing brain, and causes more pronounced cell death in NPCs and neurons, resulting in more severe neuronal loss. Together, these results reveal that DENV2 is sufficient to cause smaller brain sizes, and suggest that the ZIKV African lineage is more toxic and causes more potent brain damage than the Asian lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shao
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Stephanie Herrlinger
- Department of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ya-Nan Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Mei Yang
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Forrest Goodfellow
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Steven L Stice
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xiao-Peng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Melinda A Brindley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Population Health and Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jian-Fu Chen
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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110
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Abstract
Here, Wen et al. review the current knowledge and progress in understanding the impact of Zika virus exposure on mammalian brain development and discuss potential underlying mechanisms. The re-emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne and sexually transmitted flavivirus circulating in >70 countries and territories, poses a significant global threat to public health due to its ability to cause severe developmental defects in the human brain, such as microcephaly. Since the World Health Organization declared the ZIKV outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, remarkable progress has been made to gain insight into cellular targets, pathogenesis, and underlying biological mechanisms of ZIKV infection. Here we review the current knowledge and progress in understanding the impact of ZIKV exposure on the mammalian brain development and discuss potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexing Wen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.,The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.,The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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111
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Sohan K, Cyrus CA. Ultrasonographic observations of the fetal brain in the first 100 pregnant women with Zika virus infection in Trinidad and Tobago. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2017; 139:278-283. [PMID: 28842988 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the fetal brain in pregnant women infected with Zika virus in a limited-resource setting. METHODS In an observational study in Trinidad and Tobago, 100 pregnant women infected with Zika virus who were referred for fetal medicine services provided by a single clinician were enrolled from March 31 to September 2, 2016. Two-dimensional ultrasonography was undertaken. RESULTS The women were aged 17-41 years (mean 27.5 ± 5.7). Six cases of fetal brain abnormalities consistent with Zika infection were detected before 26 gestational weeks. The gestational period at infection and time of presentation ranged, respectively, from 7+3 to 16+0 weeks and from 23+2 to 25+5 weeks. In all cases, centiles of the biparietal diameter and head circumference decreased progressively over time to below the third centile. The skull contour appeared irregular, owing to collapse or overlap of the fetal skull bones. In four cases, brain anomalies were not obvious on the transabdominal scan but were diagnosed on the transvaginal scan. In a further two cases, brain abnormalities presented after 26 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSION Overall, 8.0% of women infected with Zika virus had fetuses with brain abnormalities suggestive of Zika congenital syndrome. Six cases were detected before 26 weeks and two cases after 26 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Sohan
- Zika Antenatal Screening Program, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Cathy A Cyrus
- Zika Antenatal Screening Program, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago
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112
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Duerinckx S, Abramowicz M. The genetics of congenitally small brains. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 76:76-85. [PMID: 28912110 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Primary microcephaly (PM) refers to a congenitally small brain, resulting from insufficient prenatal production of neurons, and serves as a model disease for brain volumic development. Known PM genes delineate several cellular pathways, among which the centriole duplication pathway, which provide interesting clues about the cellular mechanisms involved. The general interest of the genetic dissection of PM is illustrated by the convergence of Zika virus infection and PM gene mutations on congenital microcephaly, with CENPJ/CPAP emerging as a key target. Physical (protein-protein) and genetic (digenic inheritance) interactions of Wdr62 and Aspm have been demonstrated in mice, and should now be sought in humans using high throughput parallel sequencing of multiple PM genes in PM patients and control subjects, in order to categorize mutually interacting genes, hence delineating functional pathways in vivo in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Duerinckx
- IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Marc Abramowicz
- IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Medical Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
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Saiz JC, Martín-Acebes MA, Bueno-Marí R, Salomón OD, Villamil-Jiménez LC, Heukelbach J, Alencar CH, Armstrong PK, Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Mendez-Otero R, Rosado-de-Castro PH, Pimentel-Coelho PM. Zika Virus: What Have We Learnt Since the Start of the Recent Epidemic? Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1554. [PMID: 28878742 PMCID: PMC5572254 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika is a viral disease transmitted mainly by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. In recent years, it has expanded geographically, changing from an endemic mosquito-borne disease across equatorial Asia and Africa, to an epidemic disease causing large outbreaks in several areas of the world. With the recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks in the Americas, the disease has become a focus of attention of public health agencies and of the international research community, especially due to an association with neurological disorders in adults and to the severe neurological and ophthalmological abnormalities found in fetuses and newborns of mothers exposed to ZIKV during pregnancy. A large number of studies have been published in the last 3 years, revealing the structure of the virus, how it is transmitted and how it affects human cells. Many different animal models have been developed, which recapitulate several features of ZIKV disease and its neurological consequences. Moreover, several vaccine candidates are now in active preclinical development, and three of them have already entered phase I clinical trials. Likewise, many different compounds targeting viral and cellular components are being tested in in vitro and in experimental animal models. This review aims to discuss the current state of this rapidly growing literature from a multidisciplinary perspective, as well as to present an overview of the public health response to Zika and of the perspectives for the prevention and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Saiz
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Martín-Acebes
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Bueno-Marí
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo (I+D), Laboratorios LokímicaValencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Jorg Heukelbach
- Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of CearáFortaleza, Brazil
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, TownsvilleQLD, Australia
| | - Carlos H. Alencar
- Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of CearáFortaleza, Brazil
| | - Paul K. Armstrong
- Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Western Australia Department of Health, PerthWA, Australia
| | - Tania M. Ortiga-Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosalia Mendez-Otero
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo H. Rosado-de-Castro
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e EnsinoRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro M. Pimentel-Coelho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
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114
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Sexual and Vertical Transmission of Zika Virus in anti-interferon receptor-treated Rag1-deficient mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7176. [PMID: 28775298 PMCID: PMC5543051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Zika virus (ZIKV) is primarily transmitted to humans by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, human-to-human transmission has also been observed from males-to-females as well as mother-to-offspring. In the current study, we studied both sexual transmission (STx) and vertical transmission (VTx) of ZIKV using anti-IFNAR1-treatment of Rag1−/− (AIR) mice. These mice have suppressed type I IFN responses and lack adaptive immune responses, leading to a prolonged infection prior to clinical disease. STx of ZIKV from infected AIR males to naive Ifnar1−/− females was observed with greater than 50% incidence, with infection observed in the vaginal tract at early time points. In the case of a resulting pregnancy, virus was also found in the uterus and placental tissue. In additional studies, VTx of virus was observed in AIR female mice. Specifically, peripheral ZIKV infection of pregnant AIR females resulted in detectable virus in brain and/or lymph nodes of fetuses and/or pups. VTx of ZIKV was stochastic, in that not all fetuses/pups within the same dam had detectable virus and infection was not associated with breakdown of maternal/fetal placental barrier. This provides a new model to study the barriers to STx and VTx of ZIKV and the immune responses essential to preventing transmission.
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115
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Abstract
In less than 2 years since entry into the Americas, we have witnessed the emergent spread of Zika virus into large subsets of immunologically naïve human populations and then encountered the devastating effects of microcephaly and brain anomalies that can arise from in utero infection with the virus. Diagnostic evaluation and management of affected infants continues to evolve as our understanding of Zika virus rapidly advances. The development of a safe and effective vaccine holds the potential to attenuate the spread of infection and limit the impact of congenital infection.
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116
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Stephen P, Lin SX. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: Addressing Zika outbreak by a phylogeny-based drug target study. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017. [PMID: 28636772 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Since the first major outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) in 2007, ZIKV is spreading explosively through South and Central America, and recent reports in highly populated developing countries alarm the possibility of a more catastrophic outbreak. ZIKV infection in pregnant women leads to embryonic microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. At present, there is limited understanding of the infectious mechanism, and no approved therapy has been reported. Despite the withdrawal of public health emergency, the WHO still considers the ZIKV as a highly significant and long-term public health challenge that the situation has to be addressed rapidly. Non-structural protein 5 is essential for capping and replication of viral RNA and comprises a methyltransferase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain. We used molecular modeling to obtain the structure of ZIKV RdRp, and by molecular docking and phylogeny analysis, we here demonstrate the potential sites for drug screening. Two metal binding sites and an NS3-interacting region in ZIKV RdRp are demonstrated as potential drug screening sites. The docked structures reveal a remarkable degree of conservation at the substrate binding site and the potential drug screening sites. A phylogeny-based approach is provided for an emergency preparedness, where similar class of ligands could target phylogenetically related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preyesh Stephen
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, CHU Research Center, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Sheng-Xiang Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, CHU Research Center, Laval University, Québec, Canada
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117
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Hanzlik E, Gigante J. Microcephaly. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 4:E47. [PMID: 28598357 PMCID: PMC5483622 DOI: 10.3390/children4060047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Microcephaly is defined as a head circumference more than two standard deviations below the mean for gender and age. Congenital microcephaly is present at birth, whereas postnatal microcephaly occurs later in life. Genetic abnormalities, syndromes, metabolic disorders, teratogens, infections, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal injuries can cause both congenital and postnatal microcephaly. Evaluation of patients with microcephaly begins with a thorough history and physical examination. In cases of worsening microcephaly or neurological signs or symptoms, neuroimaging, metabolic, or genetic testing should be strongly considered. Any further studies and workup should be directed by the presence of signs or symptoms pointing to an underlying diagnosis and are usually used as confirmatory testing for certain conditions. Neuroimaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often the first diagnostic test in evaluating children with microcephaly. Genetic testing is becoming more common and is often the next step following neuroimaging when there is no specific evidence in the history or physical examination suggesting a diagnosis. Microcephaly is a lifelong condition with no known cure. The prognosis is usually worse for children who experienced an intrauterine infection or have a chromosomal or metabolic abnormality. Zika virus has rapidly spread since 2015, and maternal infection with this virus is associated with microcephaly and other serious brain abnormalities. Microcephaly has become much more prevalent in the news and scientific community with the recent emergence of Zika virus as a cause of congenital microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hanzlik
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 8161 Doctors' Office Tower, 2200 Children's Way, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Joseph Gigante
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 8161 Doctors' Office Tower, 2200 Children's Way, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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118
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Bradley MP, Nagamine CM. Animal Models of Zika Virus. Comp Med 2017; 67:242-252. [PMID: 28662753 PMCID: PMC5482516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus has garnered great attention over the last several years, as outbreaks of the disease have emerged throughout the Western Hemisphere. Until quite recently Zika virus was considered a fairly benign virus, with limited clinical severity in both people and animals. The size and scope of the outbreak in the Western Hemisphere has allowed for the identification of severe clinical disease that is associated with Zika virus infection, most notably microcephaly among newborns, and an association with Guillian-Barré syndrome in adults. This recent association with severe clinical disease, of which further analysis strongly suggested causation by Zika virus, has resulted in a massive increase in the amount of both basic and applied research of this virus. Both small and large animal models are being used to uncover the pathogenesis of this emerging disease and to develop vaccine and therapeutic strategies. Here we review the animal-model-based Zika virus research that has been performed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Bradley
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;,
| | - Claude M Nagamine
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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119
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Russo FB, Jungmann P, Beltrão-Braga PCB. Zika infection and the development of neurological defects. Cell Microbiol 2017; 19. [PMID: 28370966 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Starting with the outbreak in Brazil, Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been correlated with severe syndromes such as congenital Zika syndrome and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Here, we review the status of Zika virus pathogenesis in the central nervous system (CNS). One of the main concerns about ZIKV exposure during pregnancy is abnormal brain development, which results in microcephaly in newborns. Recent advances in in vitro research show that ZIKV can infect and obliterate cells from the CNS, such as progenitors, neurons, and glial cells. Neural progenitor cells seem to be the main target of the virus, with infection leading to less cell migration, neurogenesis impairment, cell death and, consequently, microcephaly in newborns. The downsizing of the brain can be directly associated with defective development of the cortical layer. In addition, in vivo investigations in mice reveal that ZIKV can cross the placenta and migrate to fetuses, but with a significant neurotropism, which results in brain damage for the pups. Another finding shows that hydrocephaly is an additional consequence of ZIKV infection, being detected during embryonic and fetal development in mouse, as well as after birth in humans. In spite of the advances in ZIKV research in the last year, the mechanisms underlying ZIKV infection in the CNS require further investigation particularly as there are currently no treatments or vaccines against ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiele Baldino Russo
- Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Jungmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Patricia Cristina Baleeiro Beltrão-Braga
- Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Obstetrics, School of Arts Sciences and Humanities, São Paulo, Brazil
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120
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Pawitwar SS, Dhar S, Tiwari S, Ojha CR, Lapierre J, Martins K, Rodzinski A, Parira T, Paudel I, Li J, Dutta RK, Silva MR, Kaushik A, El-Hage N. Overview on the Current Status of Zika Virus Pathogenesis and Animal Related Research. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2017; 12:371-388. [PMID: 28444557 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-017-9743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is linked with activation of Guillan-Barré syndrome (GBS) in adults infected with the virus and microcephaly in infants following maternal infection. With the recent outpour in publications by numerous research labs, the association between microcephaly in newborns and ZIKV has become very apparent in which large numbers of viral particles were found in the central nervous tissue of an electively aborted microcephalic ZIKV-infected fetus. However, the underlying related mechanisms remain poorly understood. Thus, development of ZIKV-infected animal models are urgently required. The need to develop drugs and vaccines of high efficacy along with efficient diagnostic tools for ZIKV treatment and management raised the demand for a very selective animal model for exploring ZIKV pathogenesis and related mechanisms. In this review, we describe recent advances in animal models developed for studying ZIKV pathogenesis and evaluating potential interventions against human infection, including during pregnancy. The current research directions and the scientific challenges ahead in developing effective vaccines and therapeutics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank S Pawitwar
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Supurna Dhar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Sneham Tiwari
- Deparment of Immunology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Chet Raj Ojha
- Deparment of Immunology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jessica Lapierre
- Deparment of Immunology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Kyle Martins
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Alexandra Rodzinski
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Tiyash Parira
- Deparment of Immunology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Iru Paudel
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Rajib Kumar Dutta
- Deparment of Immunology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Monica R Silva
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- Deparment of Immunology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Deparment of Immunology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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121
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Gómez LA, Montoya G, Rivera HM, Hernández JC. [Not Available]. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2017; 37:121-132. [PMID: 28527274 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v37i0.3807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Introducción. El virus del Zika (ZIKV) es un flavivirus con envoltura, transmitido a los seres humanos principalmente por el vector Aedes aegypti. La infección por ZIKV se ha asociado con un gran neurotropismo y con efectos neuropáticos, como el síndrome de Guillain-Barré en el adulto y la microcefalia fetal y posnatal, así como con un síndrome de infección congénita similar al producido por el virus de la rubéola (RV).Objetivo. Comparar las estructuras moleculares de la proteína de envoltura E del virus del Zika (E-ZIKV) y de la E1 del virus de la rubéola (E1-RV), y plantear posibles implicaciones en el neurotropismo y en las alteraciones del sistema nervioso asociadas con el ZIKV.Materiales y métodos. La secuencia de aminoácidos de la proteína E-ZIKV (PDB: 5iZ7) se alineó con la de la glucopreteína E1 del virus de la rubéola (PDB: 4ADG). Los elementos de la estructura secundaria se determinaron usando los programas Vector NTI Advance®, DSSP y POSA, así como herramientas de gestión de datos (AlignX®). Uno de los criterios principales de comparación y alineación fue la asignación de residuos estructuralmente equivalentes, con más de 70 % de identidad.Resultados. La organización estructural de la proteína E-ZIKV (PDB: 5iZ7) fue similar a la de E1-RV (PDB: 4ADG) (70 a 80 % de identidad), y se observó una correspondencia con la estructura definida para las glucoproteínas de fusión de membrana de clase II de los virus con envoltura. E-ZIKV y E1-RV exhibieron elementos estructurales de fusión muy conservados en la región distal del dominio II, asociados con la unión a los receptores celulares de entrada del virus de la rubéola (glucoproteína de mielina del oligodendrocito, Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein, MOG), y con los receptores celulares Axl del ZIKV y de otros flavivirus.Conclusión. La comparación de las proteínas E-ZIKV y E1-RV es un paso necesario hacia la definición de otros factores moleculares determinantes del neurotropismo y la patogenia del ZIKV, el cual puede contribuir a generar estrategias de diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento de las complicaciones neurológicas inducidas por el ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Gómez
- Grupo de Fisiología Molecular, Subdirección de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
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122
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Routhu NK, Byrareddy SN. Host-Virus Interaction of ZIKA Virus in Modulating Disease Pathogenesis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2017; 12:219-232. [PMID: 28349242 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-017-9736-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is a newly emerging pathogen that has resulted in a worldwide epidemic. It primarily spreads either through infected Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquitos leading to severe neurological disorders such as microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome in susceptible individuals. The mode of ZIKV entry into specific cell types such as: epidermal keratinocytes, fibroblasts, immature dendritic cells (iDCs), and stem-cell-derived human neural progenitors has been determined through its major surface envelope glycoprotein. It has been known that oligosaccharides that are covalently linked to viral envelope proteins are crucial in defining host-virus interactions. However, the role of sugars/glycans in exploiting host-immune mechanisms and aiding receptor-mediated virus entry is not well defined. Therefore, this review focuses on host-pathogen interactions to better understand ZIKV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Kishore Routhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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123
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Evaluation of Possible Consequences of Zika Virus Infection in the Developing Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1620-1629. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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124
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Xavier-Neto J, Carvalho M, Pascoalino BDS, Cardoso AC, Costa ÂMS, Pereira AHM, Santos LN, Saito Â, Marques RE, Smetana JHC, Consonni SR, Bandeira C, Costa VV, Bajgelman MC, de Oliveira PSL, Cordeiro MT, Gonzales Gil LHV, Pauletti BA, Granato DC, Paes Leme AF, Freitas-Junior L, Holanda de Freitas CBM, Teixeira MM, Bevilacqua E, Franchini K. Hydrocephalus and arthrogryposis in an immunocompetent mouse model of ZIKA teratogeny: A developmental study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005363. [PMID: 28231241 PMCID: PMC5322881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The teratogenic mechanisms triggered by ZIKV are still obscure due to the lack of a suitable animal model. Here we present a mouse model of developmental disruption induced by ZIKV hematogenic infection. The model utilizes immunocompetent animals from wild-type FVB/NJ and C57BL/6J strains, providing a better analogy to the human condition than approaches involving immunodeficient, genetically modified animals, or direct ZIKV injection into the brain. When injected via the jugular vein into the blood of pregnant females harboring conceptuses from early gastrulation to organogenesis stages, akin to the human second and fifth week of pregnancy, ZIKV infects maternal tissues, placentas and embryos/fetuses. Early exposure to ZIKV at developmental day 5 (second week in humans) produced complex manifestations of anterior and posterior dysraphia and hydrocephalus, as well as severe malformations and delayed development in 10.5 days post-coitum (dpc) embryos. Exposure to the virus at 7.5-9.5 dpc induces intra-amniotic hemorrhage, widespread edema, and vascular rarefaction, often prominent in the cephalic region. At these stages, most affected embryos/fetuses displayed gross malformations and/or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), rather than isolated microcephaly. Disrupted conceptuses failed to achieve normal developmental landmarks and died in utero. Importantly, this is the only model so far to display dysraphia and hydrocephalus, the harbinger of microcephaly in humans, as well as arthrogryposis, a set of abnormal joint postures observed in the human setting. Late exposure to ZIKV at 12.5 dpc failed to produce noticeable malformations. We have thus characterized a developmental window of opportunity for ZIKV-induced teratogenesis encompassing early gastrulation, neurulation and early organogenesis stages. This should not, however, be interpreted as evidence for any safe developmental windows for ZIKV exposure. Late developmental abnormalities correlated with damage to the placenta, particularly to the labyrinthine layer, suggesting that circulatory changes are integral to the altered phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Xavier-Neto
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Murilo Carvalho
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno dos Santos Pascoalino
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alisson Campos Cardoso
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ângela Maria Sousa Costa
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Helena Macedo Pereira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luana Nunes Santos
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ângela Saito
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Elias Marques
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Helena Costa Smetana
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvio Roberto Consonni
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Bandeira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vivian Vasconcelos Costa
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcio Chaim Bajgelman
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Lopes de Oliveira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marli Tenorio Cordeiro
- CPqAM-Fiocruz. Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Laura Helena Vega Gonzales Gil
- CPqAM-Fiocruz. Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Bianca Alves Pauletti
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Campos Granato
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Franco Paes Leme
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucio Freitas-Junior
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Estela Bevilacqua
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kleber Franchini
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Russo FB, Beltrão-Braga PCB. The impact of Zika virus in the brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 492:603-607. [PMID: 28108286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The recent outbreak of ZIKV in Brazil called the attention of the world because the effects of viral infection in the brain under development in fetuses. Consequences of vertical infection comprise brain malformation, especially microcephaly, eye and musculoskeletal abnormalities, among others. In adults, outcomes of infection include meningoencephalitis and Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Recent data specific suggest that neural progenitor cells are the main targets of ZIKV infection, causing massive cellular death and impairment in the neurogenesis process. Here we review the fetal and adult brain damage after ZIKV exposure, exploring models to study the mechanisms underlying the pathways related to microcephaly and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiele Baldino Russo
- University of São Paulo, Department of Surgery, Stem Cell Laboratory, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Patricia Cristina Baleeiro Beltrão-Braga
- University of São Paulo, Department of Surgery, Stem Cell Laboratory, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil; School of Arts Sciences and Humanities, Department of Obstetrics, São Paulo, SP, 03828-000, Brazil.
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126
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Abstract
The re-emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) and its suspected link with various disorders in newborns and adults led the World Health Organization to declare a global health emergency. In response, the stem cell field quickly established platforms for modeling ZIKV exposure using human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors and brain organoids, fetal tissues, and animal models. These efforts provided significant insight into cellular targets, pathogenesis, and underlying biological mechanisms of ZIKV infection as well as platforms for drug testing. Here we review the remarkable progress in stem cell-based ZIKV research and discuss current challenges and future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Li Ming
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Hengli Tang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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