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Amera GM, Khan RJ, Jha RK, Pathak A, Muthukumaran J, Singh AK. Prioritization of Mur family drug targets against A. baumannii and identification of their homologous proteins through molecular phylogeny, primary sequence, and structural analysis. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2020; 18:33. [PMID: 32725318 PMCID: PMC7387395 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization (WHO) report stated that Acinetobacter baumannii had been classified as one of the most important pathogenic bacteria causing nosocomial infection in hospital patients due to multi-drug resistance (MDR). It is vital to find out new bacterial drug targets and annotated their structure and function for the exploration of new anti-bacterial agents. The present study utilized a systematic route to prioritize the potential drug targets that belong to Mur family of Acinetobacter baumannii and identify their homologous proteins using a computational approach such as sequence similarity search, multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis, protein sequence, and protein structure analysis. Results From the results of protein sequence analysis of eight Mur family proteins, they divided into three main enzymatic classes namely transferases (MurG, MurA and MraY), ligases (MurC, MurD, MurE, and MurF), and oxidoreductase (MurB). Based on the results of intra-comparative protein sequence analysis and enzymatic classification, we have chosen MurB, MurE, and MurG as the prioritized drug targets from A. baumannii and subjected them for further detailed studies of inter-species comparison. This inter-species comparison help us to explore the sequential and structural properties of homologous proteins in other species and hence, opens a gateway for new target identification and using common inhibitor for different bacterial species caused by various diseases. The pairwise sequence alignment results between A. baumannii’s MurB with A. calcoaceticus’s MurB, A. baumannii’s MurE with A. seifertii’s MurE, and A. baumannii’s MurG with A. pittii’s MurG showed that every group of the proteins are highly similar with each other and they showed sequence identity of 95.7% and sequence similarity of 97.2%. Conclusion Together with the results of secondary and three-dimensional structure predictions explained that three selected proteins (MurB, MurE, and MurG) from A. baumannii and their related proteins (AcMurB, AsMurE, and ApMurG) belong to mixed αβ class and they are very similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizachew Muluneh Amera
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, 201310, India
| | - Rameez Jabeer Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, 201310, India
| | - Rajat Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, 201310, India
| | - Amita Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Jayaraman Muthukumaran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, 201310, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, 201310, India.
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Shah DH, Board MM, Crespo R, Guard J, Paul NC, Faux C. The occurrence of Salmonella, extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli and carbapenem resistant non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria in a backyard poultry flock environment. Zoonoses Public Health 2020; 67:742-753. [PMID: 32710700 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increase in the number of small-scale backyard poultry flocks in the USA has substantially increased human-to-live poultry contact, leading to increased public health risks of the transmission of multi-drug resistant (MDR) zoonotic and food-borne bacteria. The objective of this study was to detect the occurrence of Salmonella and MDR Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in the backyard poultry flock environment. A total of 34 backyard poultry flocks in Washington State (WA) were sampled. From each flock, one composite coop sample and three drag swabs from nest floor, waterer-feeder, and a random site with visible faecal smearing, respectively, were collected. The samples were processed for isolation of Salmonella and other fermenting and non-fermenting GNB under ceftiofur selection. Each isolate was identified to species level using MALDI-TOFF and tested for resistance against 16 antibiotics belonging to eight antibiotic classes. Salmonella serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- was isolated from one (3%) out of 34 flocks. Additionally, a total of 133 ceftiofur resistant (CefR ) GNB including Escherichia coli (53), Acinetobacter spp. (45), Pseudomonas spp. (22), Achromobacter spp. (8), Bordetella trematum (1), Hafnia alvei (1), Ochrobactrum intermedium (1), Raoultella ornithinolytica (1), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (1) were isolated. Of these, 110 (82%) isolates displayed MDR. Each flock was found positive for the presence of one or more CefR GNB. Several MDR E. coli (n = 15) were identified as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) positive. Carbapenem resistance was detected in non-fermenting GNB including Acinetobacter spp. (n = 20), Pseudomonas spp. (n = 11) and Stenotrophomonas maltophila (n = 1). ESBL positive E. coli and carbapenem resistant non-fermenting GNB are widespread in the backyard poultry flock environment in WA State. These GNB are known to cause opportunistic infections, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Better understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of these GNB in the backyard poultry flock settings is needed to identify potential risks of transmission to people in proximity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra H Shah
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Melissa M Board
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Rocio Crespo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jean Guard
- US National Poultry Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Narayan C Paul
- Texas A & M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Cynthia Faux
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Castro-Jaimes S, Bello-López E, Velázquez-Acosta C, Volkow-Fernández P, Lozano-Zarain P, Castillo-Ramírez S, Cevallos MA. Chromosome Architecture and Gene Content of the Emergent Pathogen Acinetobacter haemolyticus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:926. [PMID: 32670207 PMCID: PMC7326120 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter haemolyticus is a Gammaproteobacterium that has been involved in serious diseases frequently linked to the nosocomial environment. Most of the strains causing such infections are sensitive to a wide variety of antibiotics, but recent reports indicate that this pathogen is acquiring very efficiently carbapenem-resistance determinants like the blaNDM-1 gene, all over the world. With this work we contribute with a collection set of 31 newly sequenced nosocomial A. haemolyticus isolates. Genome analysis of these sequences and others collected from RefSeq indicates that their chromosomes are organized in 12 syntenic blocks that contain most of the core genome genes. These blocks are separated by hypervariable regions that are rich in unique gene families, but also have signals of horizontal gene transfer. Genes involved in virulence or encoding different secretion systems are located inside syntenic regions and have recombination signals. The relative order of the synthetic blocks along the A. haemolyticus chromosome can change, indicating that they have been subject to several kinds of inversions. Genomes of this microorganism show large differences in gene content even if they are in the same clade. Here we also show that A. haemolyticus has an open pan-genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semiramis Castro-Jaimes
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Elena Bello-López
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Posgrado en Microbiología, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | | | - Patricia Lozano-Zarain
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Posgrado en Microbiología, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Santiago Castillo-Ramírez
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Cevallos
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Yao T, Han X, Guan T, Wang Z, Zhang S, Liu C, Liu C, Chen L. Effect of indoor environmental exposure on seminal microbiota and its application in body fluid identification. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 314:110417. [PMID: 32702532 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Semen is a common body fluid type in forensic sexual assault cases. It is of great significance to effectively identify semen for restoring the crime scene and determining the nature of the case. Nowadays, microbiome-based method shows as a promising tool for forensic body fluid identification. To explore the environmental impact on microbial community of semen and its traceability, 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was conducted to ten paired semen samples. Affected by exposure, the diversity of microbial community decreased generally as the genus Staphylococcus exhibited a relatively significant increase. However, the genus Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Corynebacterium_1 were observed in almost all 20 samples. Community barplot analysis and heatmap analysis showed composition of the predominant microbe in semen at the phyla and genus level maintained basically, so that it could distinguish from vaginal fluid and saliva regardless of environmental exposure. Based on these results, we believe the application of single microbial marker may limit in semen identification, but the method depending on microbial community might be useful for distinguishing semen even under indoor exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yao
- Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaolong Han
- Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Tianshan Guan
- Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Changhui Liu
- Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Ling Chen
- Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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105
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Cai P, Ning Z, Liu Y, He Z, Shi J, Niu M. Diagnosing bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil and related geochemical processes at the field scale through microbial community and functional genes. ANN MICROBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Bioremediation is widely considered the most desirable procedure for remediation of oil-contaminated soil. Few studies have focused on the relationships among microbial community, functional genes of biodegradation, and geochemical processes during field bioremediation, which provide crucial information for bioremediation.
Methods
In the current study, the microbial community and functional genes related to hydrocarbon and nitrogen metabolism, combined with the soil physico-chemical properties, were used to diagnose a set of bioremediation experiments, including bioaugmentation, biostimulation, and phytoremediation, at the field scale.
Result
The results showed that the added nutrients stimulated a variety of microorganisms, including hydrocarbon degradation bacteria and nitrogen metabolism microorganisms. The functional genes reflected the possibility of aerobic denitrification in the field, which may be helpful in biodegradation. Biostimulation was found to be the most suitable of the studied bioremediation methods in the field.
Conclusion
We offer a feasible approach to obtain useful bioremediation information and assist with the development of appropriate remediation procedures. The findings improve our knowledge of the interactions between microorganisms and edaphic parameters.
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106
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Duan JL, Sun JW, Ji MM, Ma Y, Cui ZT, Tian RK, Xu PC, Sun WL, Yuan XZ. Indicatory bacteria and chemical composition related to sulfur distribution in the river-lake systems. Microbiol Res 2020; 236:126453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Seasonal Shift in Physicochemical Factors Revealed the Ecological Variables that Modulate the Density of Acinetobacter Species in Freshwater Resources. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103606. [PMID: 32455589 PMCID: PMC7277360 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Certain environmental variables are responsible for the survival of microorganisms in aquatic environments. The influence of these environmental factors in each season (winter, autumn, spring and summer) of the year can be used to track changes in a microbial population in freshwater resources. In this study, we assessed the effect of seasonal shifts in environmental variables including temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and turbidity (TBS) among others on the density of Acinetobacter species in the Great Fish, Keiskamma and Tyhume rivers in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Water samples and values of the environmental factors were taken from the rivers for 12 months. The density of presumptive Acinetobacter species was estimated from the culture of water samples on a CHROMagar selective medium, while the Acinetobacter-specific recA gene was targeted for the identification of Acinetobacter species using PCR assay. The multivariate relationship between seasons and changes in variables was created using PCA, while the effect of seasonal shifts in the environmental variables on the density of Acinetobacter species was evaluated using correlation test and topological graphs. Positive association patterns were observed between the seasons, environmental factors and the bacterial density in the rivers. In addition, temperature, TBS, TSS and BOD tended to influence the bacterial density more than other physicochemical factors in the rivers across the seasons. Of the total 1107 presumptive Acinetobacter species, 844 were confirmed as Acinetobacter species. Therefore, these findings suggested that the rivers contain Acinetobacter species that could be useful for basic and applied study in ecology or biotechnology, while their clinical relevance in causing diseases cannot be underestimated.
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108
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Kang MJ, Jang AR, Park JY, Ahn JH, Lee TS, Kim DY, Jung DH, Song EJ, Hong JJ, Park JH. Cathelicidin-related Antimicrobial Peptide Contributes to Host Immune Responses Against Pulmonary Infection with Acinetobacter baumannii in Mice. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e25. [PMID: 32655973 PMCID: PMC7327154 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is known for its multidrug antibiotic resistance. New approaches to treating drug-resistant bacterial infections are urgently required. Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) is a murine antimicrobial peptide that exerts diverse immune functions, including both direct bacterial cell killing and immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we sought to identify the role of CRAMP in the host immune response to multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Wild-type (WT) and CRAMP knockout mice were infected intranasally with the bacteria. CRAMP−/− mice exhibited increased bacterial colony-forming units (CFUs) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid after A. baumannii infection compared to WT mice. The loss of CRAMP expression resulted in a significant decrease in the recruitment of immune cells, primarily neutrophils. The levels of IL-6 and CXCL1 were lower, whereas the levels of IL-10 were significantly higher in the BAL fluid of CRAMP−/− mice compared to WT mice 1 day after infection. In an in vitro assay using thioglycollate-induced peritoneal neutrophils, the ability of bacterial phagocytosis and killing was impaired in CRAMP−/− neutrophils compared to the WT cells. CRAMP was also essential for the production of cytokines and chemokines in response to A. baumannii in neutrophils. In addition, the A. baumannii-induced inhibitor of κB-α degradation and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK were impaired in CRAMP−/− neutrophils, whereas ERK and JNK phosphorylation was upregulated. Our results indicate that CRAMP plays an important role in the host defense against pulmonary infection with A. baumannii by promoting the antibacterial activity of neutrophils and regulating the innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Kang
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ah-Ra Jang
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae-Hun Ahn
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Lee
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dong-Yeon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Do-Hyeon Jung
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Song
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jung Joo Hong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk 28116, Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Oh KW, Kim K, Islam MM, Jung HW, Lim D, Lee JC, Shin M. Transcriptional Regulation of the Outer Membrane Protein A in Acinetobacter baumannii. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050706. [PMID: 32403355 PMCID: PMC7284552 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is known for its virulence in severely ill, hospitalized patients and for exhibiting multidrug resistance. A. baumannii infection treatment poses a serious problem in clinical environments. The outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of the Acinetobacter genus is involved in bacterial virulence. Regulatory factors of OmpA in the post-transcriptional stage have been previously identified. However, the regulatory factors that act before the transcriptional stage remain unclear. We investigated the A1S_0316 gene that encodes a putative transcription factor for OmpA expression in A. baumannii. A1S_0316 was purified and examined using size-exclusion chromatography, which revealed that it forms an oligomer. The binding affinity of A1S_0316 to the OmpA promoter region was also examined. We compared the binding affinity to the OmpA promotor region between A1S_0316 and the AbH-NS protein. A1S_0316 showed higher binding affinity to the OmpA promotor region than did H-NS. We examined the regulatory effect of these proteins on OmpA expression in A. baumannii using real-time qPCR and various in vitro tools. Our results indicated that A1S_0316 acts as an anti-repressor on the promotor region of the OmpA gene by inhibiting the binding of the AbH-NS protein. This study was the first demonstration of the transcriptional regulation of OmpA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Wan Oh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea; (K.-W.O.); (K.K.); (M.M.I.); (H.-W.J.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Kyeongmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea; (K.-W.O.); (K.K.); (M.M.I.); (H.-W.J.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Md. Maidul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea; (K.-W.O.); (K.K.); (M.M.I.); (H.-W.J.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Hye-Won Jung
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea; (K.-W.O.); (K.K.); (M.M.I.); (H.-W.J.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Daejin Lim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61468, Korea;
| | - Je Chul Lee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea; (K.-W.O.); (K.K.); (M.M.I.); (H.-W.J.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Minsang Shin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea; (K.-W.O.); (K.K.); (M.M.I.); (H.-W.J.); (J.C.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-420-4841
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Amera GM, Khan RJ, Pathak A, Jha RK, Muthukumaran J, Singh AK. Computer aided ligand based screening for identification of promising molecules against enzymes involved in peptidoglycan biosynthetic pathway from Acinetobacter baumannii. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104205. [PMID: 32353580 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A. baumannii has been considered as Priority-I as suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the most critical pathogenic microorganism for causing nosocomial infection in imunno-compromised hospital-acquired patients due to multi-drug resistance (MDR). In the current study, we utilized "Computer-aided ligand-based virtual screening approach" for identification of promising molecules against Mur family proteins based on the known inhibitor (Naphthyl Tetronic Acids ((5Z)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-naphthylmethylene) furan-2(5H)-one)) of MurB from E. coli. The in-house library was prepared using a similarity search of a known inhibitor (Drug Bank ID: DB07296) against several relevant chemical databases. The molecules obtained from virtual screening of Naphthyl Tetronic Acids in-house library were successively subjected to physicochemical and ADMET screening. After this, the molecules which passed all the filters, subsequently subjected into interaction analysis with the drug target proteins (MurB, MurD, MurE and MurG) of A. baumanni and the results explained that four molecules were promising (CHEMBL468144, DB07296, Enamine_T5956969 and 54723243) for further molecular dynamics simulations. The free and ligand bounded proteins that undergone MD simulation are listed as follows: MurB, MurB-CHEMBL468144, MurB-DB07296, MurE, MurE-54723243, MurE-DB07296, MurD, MurD-Enamine_T5956969, MurD-DB07296, MurG, MurG-CHEMBL468144, and MurG-DB07296. Based on global and essential dynamics analysis, the stability order of molecules towards MurB (CHEMBL468144 > DB07296); MurD (Enamine_T5956969 > DB07296); MurE (54723243 > DB07296) and MurG (CHEMBL468144 > DB07296) indicates that the newly identified molecules are more promising one in comparison with the existing inhibitor. Based on all the docking and MD simulation results, the stability order of the free and ligand bounded protein are as follows; MurB and MurB-ligand complexes > MurD and MurD-ligand complexes > MurG and MurG-ligand complexes > MurE and MurE-ligand complexes. Finally, the selected compounds would be recommended for further experimental investigations and used as promising inhibitors of the infection caused by A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizachew Muluneh Amera
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, P.C, 201310, Greater Noida, U.P, India
| | - Rameez Jabeer Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, P.C, 201310, Greater Noida, U.P, India
| | - Amita Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, HauzKhas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Rajat Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, P.C, 201310, Greater Noida, U.P, India
| | - Jayaraman Muthukumaran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, P.C, 201310, Greater Noida, U.P, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, P.C, 201310, Greater Noida, U.P, India.
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Mohammadi Bardbari A, Mohajeri P, Arabestani MR, Karami M, Keramat F, Asadollahi S, Khodavirdipour A, Alikhani MY. Molecular typing of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from clinical and environmental specimens in three Iranian hospitals by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:101. [PMID: 32334533 PMCID: PMC7183727 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01792-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections. The purpose of this study was to identify antibiotic resistance patterns, biofilm formation and the clonal relationship of clinical and environmental isolates of A. baumannii by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis method. Forty-three clinical and 26 environmental isolates of the MDR A. baumannii were collected and recognized via API 20NE. Antibiotic resistance of the isolates was assessed by the disk diffusion method, and the biofilm formation test was done by the microtiter plate method. Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to assess the genomic features of the bacterial isolates. RESULTS The resistance rate of clinical and environmental isolates against antibiotics were from 95 to 100%. The difference in antibiotic resistance rates between clinical and environmental isolates was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Biofilm production capabilities revealed that 31 (44.9%), and 30 (43.5%) isolates had strong and moderate biofilm producer activity, respectively. PFGE typing exhibited eight different clusters (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H) with two significant clusters included A and G with 21 (30.4%) and 16 (23.2%) members respectively, which comprises up to 53.6% of all isolates. There was no relationship between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance patterns with PFGE pulsotypes. CONCLUSIONS The results show that there is a close relationship between environmental and clinical isolates of A. baumannii. Cross-contamination is also very important that occurs through daily clinical activities between environmental and clinical isolates. Therefore, in order to reduce the clonal contamination of MDR A. baumannii environmental and clinical isolates, it is necessary to use strict infection control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammadi Bardbari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Parviz Mohajeri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Arabestani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Manoochehr Karami
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fariba Keramat
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saba Asadollahi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Khodavirdipour
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, St. John's Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. .,Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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112
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Abo-Zed A, Yassin M, Phan T. Acinetobacter junii as a rare pathogen of urinary tract infection. Urol Case Rep 2020; 32:101209. [PMID: 32322533 PMCID: PMC7168726 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2020.101209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter junii is one of more than 50 different species belonging to the genus Acinetobacter. This bacterium is rarely reported to cause human infections. Here we described a rare case of Acinetobacter junii, which grew in urine culture approximately one month after the patient was discharged from the hospital with antibiotics for a urinary tract infection, which caused left obstructing renal calculi requiring nephrostomy tube placement. Acinetobacter is often considered to be ubiquitous in nature. Acinetobacter junii is rarely reported to cause human infections. A rare case of Acinetobacter junii, which grew in urine culture, was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrhman Abo-Zed
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mohamed Yassin
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tung Phan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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113
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Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Associated with Carbapenem Resistance from the Whole-Genome Sequence of Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Malaysia. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 2020:5021064. [PMID: 32318127 PMCID: PMC7154965 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5021064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The spread of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CrAb) is gaining worldwide attention. The spread of this pathogen is largely due to its ability to acquire various resistance genes of intrinsic and extrinsic origins that confer unpredictable susceptibility to β-lactams. The aim of this study was to analyze β-lactamase genetic compositions of CrAb in Malaysia. Methods Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was carried out on 13 CrAb isolates from clinical samples in Malaysia from 2011 to 2016. Results Endotracheal aspirate was the dominant clinical sample source (n = 6), and only one isolate was obtained from wound swab. A total of 6 sequence types (STs) of the Oxford scheme were identified, including 4 reported STs and 2 novel STs. Eleven isolates were classified into clonal complex 92 (CC92/ICII), among which ST195 and ST208 were the most prevalent STs. All 13 CrAb isolates harbored multiple β-lactamase genes. blaOXA-23 (n = 13) and blaOXA-66 (n = 11) were the dominant carbapenemase gene families found in these isolates. All isolates harbor blaADC, blaOXA-51-like, and blaOXA-23-like genes. blaTEM (n = 7), blaNDM-1 (n = 3), blaCARB-8 (n = 1), and blaPER-3 (n = 1) are amongst other β-lactamase genes found in this study. ISAba1 was found upstream to blaOXA-23 (n = 13), blaOXA-66 (n = 1), and blaADC (n = 11). All blaNDM-1 isolates had ISAba125 (mobile genetic element) upstream to the genes. All isolates were positive for Tn2006/2008 and Tn2009 but were negative for Tn2007. Conclusion Most of the isolates were grouped under the CC92 clonal complex which belongs to international clonal lineage 2. These findings predict that carriage of carbapenem-resistant genes possibly constitutes the underlying basis of high level of international clone II prevalence. Therefore, molecular surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship are essential in implementing policies to prevent and control the spread of CrAb in hospital settings.
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114
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Xu D, Wang P, Zhang X, Zhang J, Sun Y, Gao L, Wang W. High-throughput sequencing approach to characterize dynamic changes of the fungal and bacterial communities during the production of sufu, a traditional Chinese fermented soybean food. Food Microbiol 2020; 86:103340. [PMID: 31703864 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Red sufu is a traditional food produced by the fermentation of soybean. In this study, sufu samples were periodically collected during the whole fermentation to investigate the dynamic changes of fungal and bacterial communities using high-throughput sequencing technology. The overall process can be divided into pre- and post-fermentation. During post-fermentation, the pH value showed a gradual decrease over time while the amino nitrogen content increased. Trichosporon, Actinomucor and Cryptococcus were the main genera in pre-fermentation while Monascus and Aspergillus were dominant in post-fermentation. This huge shift in fungal composition was caused by process procedure of pouring dressing mixture. However, the bacterial composition was not greatly changed after pouring dressing mixture, the Acinetobacter and Enterobacter were the predominant genera throughout the whole process. Furthermore, Bacillus species were first detected after adding dressing mixture, but declined abruptly to a very low level (0.07%) by the end of the fermentation. Our work demonstrates the dynamic changes of physicochemical properties and microbial composition in every fermentation stage, the knowledge of which could potentially serve as a foundation for improving the safety and quality of sufu in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xu
- Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, 100068, Beijing, China; Beijing Food Brewing Institute, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, 100068, Beijing, China; Beijing Food Brewing Institute, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, 100068, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, 100068, Beijing, China; Beijing Food Brewing Institute, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, 100068, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Gao
- Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, 100068, Beijing, China
| | - Wenping Wang
- Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, 100068, Beijing, China.
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115
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Zhou M, Xu Y, Ouyang P, Ling J, Cai Q, Huang L, Zhou X, Zheng L. Evolution and distribution of resistance genes and bacterial community in water and biofilm of a simulated fish-duck integrated pond with stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 245:125549. [PMID: 31869669 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Integrated fish-duck pond is a common circular farming model in South China, besides, it is also hot-spot for the co-selection of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of duck manure, As and cefotaxime on the bacterial community, and the evolution and distribution of ARGs and metal(loid) resistance genes (MRGs) in water and biofilm. Five groups of fish tanks included a control and four test groups. The experimental period lasted for 100 days. Six ARGs (CIT, DHA, EBC, FOX, MOX, TEM), two MRGs (arsB, arsC), and two integron genes (intI1, intI2) were tracked and detected in water and biofilm. The results showed that duck manure brought ARGs and MRGs into fish tanks. Stress factors (cefotaxime, As) increased the relative abundance of resistance genes, and this was positively correlated with stress concentrations. The biofilm was visible significantly at the end of stage 3, and the total relative abundance of resistance genes in biofilm was higher than water from stage 5 onwards. Evolution of AmpC β-lactamase resistance genes was more obvious than MRGs, especially for MOX, which increased by 3 orders of magnitude. The abundance of Flavobacterium was higher in biofilm than in water. Moreover, correlation analysis showed that both arsB and MOX were significantly correlated with intI1 (p < 0.05), which suggested a potentially dissemination risk of resistance genes. This study provides a reference for health risk assessment in integrated aquaculture environment contaminated with duck manure, antibiotics and metalloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanbin Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Pengqian Ouyang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiayin Ling
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiujie Cai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lu Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Li Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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116
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Bai L, Zhang S, Deng Y, Song C, Kang G, Dong Y, Wang Y, Gao F, Huang H. Comparative genomics analysis of Acinetobacter haemolyticus isolates from sputum samples of respiratory patients. Genomics 2020; 112:2784-2793. [PMID: 32209379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter haemolyticus (A. haemolyticus) is a significant Acinetobacter pathogen, and the resistance of A. haemolyticus continues to rise due to abuse of antibiotics and the frequent gene exchange between bacteria in hospital. In this study, we performed complete genome sequencing of two A. haemolyticus strains TJR01 and TJS01 to improve our understanding of pathogenic and resistance of A. haemolyticus. Both TJR01 and TJS01 contain one chromosome and two plasmids. Compared to TJS01, more virulence factors (VFs) associated pathogenicity and resistant genes were predicted in TJR01 due to T4SS and integron associated with combination and transport. Antimicrobial susceptibility results were consistent with sequencing. We suppose TJS01 was a susceptive strain and TJR01 was an acquired multidrug resistance strain due to plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfer. We hope these findings may be helpful for clinical treatment of A. haemolyticus infection and reduce the risk of potential outbreak infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Bai
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - ShaoCun Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yong Deng
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | | | - GuangBo Kang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | | | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Frontier Science Center of Synthetic Biology (MOE), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - He Huang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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117
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Mahmoudi H, Shokoohizadeh L, Zare Fahim N, Mohamadi Bardebari A, Moradkhani S, Alikhani MY. Detection of adeABC efllux pump encoding genes and antimicrobial effect of Mentha longifolia and Menthol on MICs of imipenem and ciprofloxacin in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:92. [PMID: 32192484 PMCID: PMC7081589 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that causes nosocomial infections especially in patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Accordingly, the aim of our study was to detection of adeABC efllux pump encoding genes and antimicrobial effect of the essential oil of Mentha longifolia and Menthol on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of imipenem and ciprofloxacin in clinical isolates of A. baumannii. Methods A total of 75 clinical isolates of A. baumannii were collected. The presence of efflux pump genes was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the essential oil of Mentha longifolia and Menthol and their combined effect with antibiotics were measured by microbroth dilution method and fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. Results The frequency of adeA, adeB, and adeC genes in clinical isolates of A. baumannii were 86.7, 90.7, and 92%, respectively. When the essential oil of Mentha longifolia was combined with ciprofloxacin and imipenem, MICs decreased 4- and 8-fold, respectively. In the combination of menthol with imipenem, the resistance to imipenem was reduced from 0- to 16-fold in 90% (63/70) of the isolates. Conclusion The presence of efflux pump genes in more than 90% of A. baumannii isolates indicates its potential role in inducing imipenem- and ciprofloxacin-resistance in this bacterium. Menthol has an antimicrobial effect as an active ingredient in Mentha longifolia. In the future, the combination of medicinal plants with antibiotics can be used as a complement in treating diseases caused by drug-resistant bacteria such as A. baumannii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Mahmoudi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Leili Shokoohizadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nayreh Zare Fahim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Mohamadi Bardebari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shirin Moradkhani
- School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. .,Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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118
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Insect pollination: an ecological process involved in the assembly of the seed microbiota. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3575. [PMID: 32107443 PMCID: PMC7046713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60591-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The assembly of the seed microbiota involves some early microbial seed colonizers that are transmitted from the maternal plant through the vascular system, while other microbes enter through the stigma. Thus, the seed microbiota consists of microbes not only recruited from the plant vascular tissues, but also from the flower. Flowers are known to be a hub for microbial transmission between plants and insects. This floral-insect exchange opens the possibility for insect-transmitted bacteria to colonize the ovule and, subsequently, the seed to pass then into the next plant generation. In this study, we evaluated the contribution of insect pollination to the seed microbiota through high-throughput sequencing. Oilseed rape (OSR) flowers were exposed to visits and pollination by honey bees (Apis mellifera), red mason bees (Osmia bicornis), hand pollinated or left for autonomous self-pollination (ASP). Sequence analyses revealed that honey bee visitation reduced bacterial richness and diversity in seeds, but increased the variability of seed microbial structure, and introduced bee-associated taxa. In contrast, mason bee pollination had minor effects on the seed microbiota. Our study provides the first evidence that insect pollination is an ecological process involved in the transmission of bacteria from flowers to seeds.
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119
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Pesticides Decrease Bacterial Diversity and Abundance of Irrigated Rice Fields. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030318. [PMID: 32106524 PMCID: PMC7142973 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria play an important role in soil ecosystems and their activities are crucial in nutrient composition and recycling. Pesticides are extensively used in agriculture to control pests and improve yield. However, increased use of pesticides on agricultural lands results in soil contamination, which could have adverse effect on its bacterial communities. Here, we investigated the effect of pesticides commonly used on irrigated rice fields on bacterial abundance and diversity. Irrigated soil samples collected from unexposed, pesticide-exposed, and residual exposure areas were cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. DNA was extracted and analysed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The results showed overall decrease in bacterial abundance and diversity in areas exposed to pesticides. Operational taxonomic units of the genera Enterobacter, Aeromonas, Comamonas, Stenotrophomonas, Bordetella, and Staphylococcus decreased in areas exposed to pesticides. Conversely, Domibacillus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus increased in abundance in pesticide-exposed areas. Simpson and Shannon diversity indices and canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated a decrease in bacterial diversity and composition in areas exposed to pesticides. These results suggest bacteria genera unaffected by pesticides that could be further evaluated to identify species for bioremediation. Moreover, there is a need for alternative ways of improving agricultural productivity and to educate farmers to adopt innovative integrated pest management strategies to reduce deleterious impacts of pesticides on soil ecosystems.
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120
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Kang MJ, Jang AR, Park JY, Ahn JH, Lee TS, Kim DY, Lee MS, Hwang S, Jeong YJ, Park JH. IL-10 Protects Mice From the Lung Infection of Acinetobacter baumannii and Contributes to Bacterial Clearance by Regulating STAT3-Mediated MARCO Expression in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2020; 11:270. [PMID: 32153580 PMCID: PMC7047127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 plays important, yet contrasting, roles in host protection against bacterial infections and in the septic response. To determine the role of IL-10 in the host defense against Acinetobacter baumannii infection, wild-type (WT) and IL-10-deficient mice were infected intranasally with the bacteria. IL-10-deficient mice exhibited increased mortality, severe pathology, and excess production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the lungs, and increased bacterial burdens in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids and lung homogenates after A. baumannii infection, compared to WT mice. Intranasal administration of recombinant IL-10 rescued mice from the lethality of the bacterial infection by promoting bacterial clearance and reducing production of cytokines and chemokines in the lungs. In vitro experiments revealed that IL-10 enhanced phagocytosis and bacterial killing by macrophages by upregulating the macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO). In addition, A. baumannii-induced activation of STAT3 was impaired in IL-10-deficient macrophages, which was essential for expression of MARCO. Intranasal adoptive transfer of WT macrophages resulted in significant increases in mice survival and bacterial clearance in IL-10-deficient mice infected with A. baumannii. Our results show that IL-10 played an important role in the host defense against pulmonary infection of A. baumannii by promoting the antibacterial function of macrophages by regulating MARCO expression through the STAT3-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Kang
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ah-Ra Jang
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hun Ahn
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Lee
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dong-Yeon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Moo-Seung Lee
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seungwoo Hwang
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jeong
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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121
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Veress A, Nagy T, Wilk T, Kömüves J, Olasz F, Kiss J. Abundance of mobile genetic elements in an Acinetobacter lwoffii strain isolated from Transylvanian honey sample. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2969. [PMID: 32076091 PMCID: PMC7031236 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59938-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on phylogenetic analyses, strain M2a isolated from honey, an unexpected source of acinetobacters, was classified as Acinetobacter lwoffii. The genome of this strain is strikingly crowded with mobile genetic elements. It harbours more than 250 IS elements of 15 IS-families, several unit and compound transposons and 15 different plasmids. These IS elements, including 30 newly identified ones, could be classified into at least 53 IS species. Regarding the plasmids, 13 of the 15 belong to the Rep-3 superfamily and only one plasmid, belonging to the “Low-GC” family, possesses a seemingly complete conjugative system. The other plasmids, with one exception, have a mobilization region of common pattern, consisting of the divergent mobA/mobL-family and mobS-, mobC- or traD-like genes separated by an oriT-like sequence. Although two plasmids of M2a are almost identical to those of A. lwoffi strains isolated from gold mine or Pleistocene sediments, most of them have no close relatives. The presence of numerous plasmid-borne and chromosomal metal resistance determinants suggests that M2a previously has also evolved in a metal-polluted environment. The numerous, possibly transferable, plasmids and the outstanding number of transposable elements may reflect the high potential of M2a for rapid evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Veress
- Department of Genetics, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Gödöllő, H-2100, Hungary
| | - Tibor Nagy
- Department of Genetics, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Gödöllő, H-2100, Hungary
| | - Tímea Wilk
- Department of Genetics, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Gödöllő, H-2100, Hungary
| | - János Kömüves
- Department of Genetics, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Gödöllő, H-2100, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Olasz
- Department of Genetics, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Gödöllő, H-2100, Hungary
| | - János Kiss
- Department of Genetics, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Gödöllő, H-2100, Hungary.
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122
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Antibacterial Resistance Pattern of Acinetobacter baumannii in Burn Patients in Northeast of Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.94668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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123
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Subirats J, Di Cesare A, Varela Della Giustina S, Fiorentino A, Eckert EM, Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Borrego CM, Corno G. High-quality treated wastewater causes remarkable changes in natural microbial communities and intI1 gene abundance. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 167:114895. [PMID: 31553931 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We carry out a mesocosms experiment to assess the impact of high-quality treated wastewater intended for agricultural reuse (HQWR) on freshwater bacteria seldom exposed to anthropogenic pollution. Effects were assessed by comparing the abundance and composition of bacterial communities as well as their resistance profile under control (source water from an unpolluted lake) and treatment conditions (source water mixed 1:1 with HQWR, with and without 5 μg L-1 of cefotaxime). We investigated the effect of the different conditions on the abundance of genes encoding resistance to β-lactams and carbapenems (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaOXA, and blaKPC), fluoroquinolones (qnrS), tetracyclines (tetA), sulfonamides (sul2), macrolides (ermB), arsenic and cadmium (arsB and czcA, respectively), and on the gene encoding the Class 1 integron integrase (intI1). Bacterial communities exposed to HQWR showed a significant higher abundance of tetA, arsB, czcA, and intI1 genes, whereas those exposed to Cefotaxime-amended HQWR did not. Genes conferring resistance to carbapenems, β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides were below detection limit in all treatments. Besides, the higher availability of nutrients under treatment conditions favored bacterial growth in comparison to those exposed to control conditions. Particularly, Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were significantly enriched after 22 days of treatment exposure. The presence of cefotaxime (a third generation cephalosporine) in the feeding medium caused an enrichment of bacterial communities in sequences affiliated to Acinetobacter thus suggesting that these resistant forms may possess resistance genes other than those studied here (blaCTX-M, blaOXA, and blaKPC). Although derived from a mesocosm experiment in continuous cultures, our results call attention to the need of refined regulations regarding the use of reclaimed water in agriculture since even high-quality treated wastewater may lead to undesired effects on receiving bacterial communities in terms of composition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jèssica Subirats
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - Andrea Di Cesare
- Microbial Ecology Group, Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRSA), Verbania, Italy
| | - Saulo Varela Della Giustina
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Antonino Fiorentino
- Microbial Ecology Group, Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRSA), Verbania, Italy
| | - Ester M Eckert
- Microbial Ecology Group, Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRSA), Verbania, Italy
| | - Sara Rodriguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Carles M Borrego
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Group of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Gianluca Corno
- Microbial Ecology Group, Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRSA), Verbania, Italy
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124
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Han RH, Lee JE, Yoon SH, Kim GB. Acinetobacter pullicarnis sp. nov. isolated from chicken meat. Arch Microbiol 2019; 202:727-732. [PMID: 31792599 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01785-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel bacterial strain, named S23T, was isolated from chicken meat of local market in Korea. Cells were Gram-negative, milky-yellow colored, non-motile and coccobacillus. The strain was obligate aerobic and catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, optimum growth temperature and pH were 25 °C and pH 7.0, respectively. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain S23T belongs to the genus Acinetobacter and is most closely related to Acinetobacter defluvii KCTC 52503 T (97.40%). The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) value between strain S23T and its closet phylogenetic neighbors was below 76% and 17%, respectively. The G + C content of genomic DNA of strain S23T was 41.53 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was Q-9. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (comprising C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c), C18:1ω9c, and C16:0. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanol-amine, and phosphatidylserine. The ANI and dDDH results and results of the genotypic analysis in combination with chemotaxonomic and physiological data demonstrated that strain S23T represented a novel species within the genus Acinetobacter, for which the name Acinetobacter pullicarnis sp. nov. is proposed. The strain type is S23T (= KACC 19921 T = JCM 33150 T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rae-Hee Han
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Eun Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Yoon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Bae Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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125
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Leaf-associated microbiota on perilla (Perilla frutescens var. frutescens) cultivated in South Korea to detect the potential risk of food poisoning. Food Res Int 2019; 126:108664. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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126
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Milewska K, Krause K, Szalewska-Pałasz A. The stringent response of marine bacteria - assessment of (p)ppGpp accumulation upon stress conditions. J Appl Genet 2019; 61:123-130. [PMID: 31773499 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-019-00531-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms are particularly adapted to alterations in their environment. One of the global regulatory mechanisms involved in these adaptations is the stringent response. The unusual nucleotides, guanosine penta and tetraphosphates, (p)ppGpp act as alarmones of this response, heralding nutrient limitation and stressors. Marine bacteria encounter numerous stresses of sparse nutrient supplies and changes in physicochemical conditions. The aim of this work was to assess whether the stress conditions common in marine environment can induce the stringent response and what is a kinetic of this process. The representative bacterial species, Shewanella baltica, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Vibrio harveyi, and Escherichia coli were subjected to a variety of stressors. We analyzed the kinetics of (p)ppGpp synthesis by labeling in vivo nucleotides and analysis by thin layer chromatography. The (p)ppGpp accumulation followed the elevated temperature and amino acid starvation for all bacteria tested. The carbon and nitrogen limitation resulted in the response limited to V. harveyi and S. baltica. The DNA damaging agents induced the (p)ppGpp production in all strains, while osmotic stress did not result in significant alarmone synthesis. The representative marine bacteria species were shown to induce with varying extent the stringent response upon the onset of stress and limitation conditions. Importantly, the in vivo labeling and subsequent separation of the nucleotides by thin layer chromatography serves as a valid method for the analysis of the stringent response and (p)ppGpp accumulation in environmental bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Milewska
- Department of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Klaudyna Krause
- Department of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, Gdańsk, Poland
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127
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Glamoclija M, Ramirez S, Sirisena K, Widanagamage I. Subsurface Microbial Ecology at Sediment-Groundwater Interface in Sulfate-Rich Playa; White Sands National Monument, New Mexico. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2595. [PMID: 31781077 PMCID: PMC6861310 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypersaline sediment and groundwater of playa lake, Lake Lucero, at the White Sands National Monument in New Mexico were examined for microbial community composition, geochemical gradients, and mineralogy during the dry season along a meter and a half depth profile of the sediment vs. the groundwater interface. Lake Lucero is a highly dynamic environment, strongly characterized by the capillary action of the groundwater, the extreme seasonality of the climate, and the hypersalinity. Sediments are predominantly composed of gypsum with minor quartz, thenardite, halite, quartz, epsomite, celestine, and clays. Geochemical analysis has revealed the predominance of nitrates over ammonium in all of the analyzed samples, indicating oxygenated conditions throughout the sediment column and in groundwater. Conversely, the microbial communities are primarily aerobic, gram-negative, and are largely characterized by their survival adaptations. Halophiles and oligotrophs are ubiquitous for all the samples. The very diverse communities contain methanogens, phototrophs, heterotrophs, saprophytes, ammonia-oxidizers, sulfur-oxidizers, sulfate-reducers, iron-reducers, and nitrifiers. The microbial diversity varied significantly between groundwater and sediment samples as their temperature adaptation inferences that revealed potential psychrophiles inhabiting the groundwater and thermophiles and mesophiles being present in the sediment. The dynamism of this environment manifests in the relatively even character of the sediment hosted microbial communities, where significant taxonomic distinctions were observed. Therefore, sediment and groundwater substrates are considered as separate ecological entities. We hope that the variety of the discussed playa environments and the microorganisms may be considered a useful terrestrial analog providing valuable information to aid future astrobiological explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Glamoclija
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Steven Ramirez
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Kosala Sirisena
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States.,Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Inoka Widanagamage
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States.,Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
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128
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Queiroz LL, Costa MS, de Abreu Pereira A, de Paula Avila M, Costa PS, Nascimento AMA, Lacorte GA. Dynamics of microbial contaminants is driven by selection during ethanol production. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 51:303-312. [PMID: 31705383 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazil is the second largest ethanol producer in the world and largest using sugarcane feedstock. Bacteria contamination is one of the most important issues faced by ethanol producers that seek to increase production efficiency. Each step of production is a selection event due to the environmental and biological changes that occur. Therefore, we evaluated the influence of the selection arising from the ethanol production process on diversity and composition of bacteria. Our objectives were to test two hypotheses, (1) that species richness will decrease during the production process and (2) that lactic acid bacteria will become dominant with the advance of ethanol production. Bacterial community assemblage was accessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing from 19 sequential samples. Temperature is of great importance in shaping microbial communities. Species richness increased between the decanter and must steps of the process. Low Simpson index values were recorded at the fermentation step, indicating a high dominance of Lactobacillus. Interactions between Lactobacillus and yeast may be impairing the efficiency of industrial ethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Lopes Queiroz
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food Sciences and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Microbiology Graduate Program, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Silveira Costa
- Molecular Biology Lab, Federal Institute of Minas Gerais, Bambuí Campus, Bambuí, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo de Paula Avila
- Laboratório de Genética de Microrganismos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Silva Costa
- Laboratório de Genética de Microrganismos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Andréa Maria Amaral Nascimento
- Laboratório de Genética de Microrganismos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Augusto Lacorte
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food Sciences and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Molecular Biology Lab, Federal Institute of Minas Gerais, Bambuí Campus, Bambuí, MG, Brazil.
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129
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Ou W, Hu H, Yang P, Dai J, Ai Q, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Mai K. Dietary daidzein improved intestinal health of juvenile turbot in terms of intestinal mucosal barrier function and intestinal microbiota. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:132-141. [PMID: 31461659 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary daidzein on the intestinal mucosal barrier function and the intestinal microbiota profile of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated to contain 0 (FM), 40 (D.40) and 400 (D.400) mg kg-1 daidzein, respectively. Fish fed D.400 had significantly lower growth performance than fish fed D.40. Dietary daidzein significantly increased the feed efficiency, while significantly decreased the feed intake. Daidzein supplementation increased the activity of total anti-oxidative capacity and the gene expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor-β1, Mucin-2 and tight junction proteins (Tricellulin, Zonula occludens-1 transcript variant 1, Zonula occludens-1 transcript variant 2 and Claudin-like and Occludin), and down-regulated the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in the intestine of turbot. Dietary daidzein increased intestinal microbial diversities, the abundance of several short chain fatty acids producers, and decreased the abundance of some potential pathogenic bacteria. However, D.400 had dual effects on lactic acid bacteria and increased the abundance of potential harmful bacterium Prevotella copri. Collectively, dietary daidzein at the levels of 40 and 400 mg kg-1 could enhance the intestinal mucosal barrier function and alter the intestinal microbiota of turbot. However, high dose of daidzein must be treated with caution for its unclear effects on intestinal microbiota of turbot in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Ou
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Haibin Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Pei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Jihong Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
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130
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Impacts of environmental complexity on respiratory and gut microbiome community structure and diversity in growing pigs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13773. [PMID: 31551432 PMCID: PMC6760116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited understanding of the interaction between rearing environment of the growing pig and the pig’s microbial community impedes efforts to identify the optimal housing system to maximize animal health and production. Accordingly, we characterized the impact of housing complexity on shaping the respiratory and gut microbiota of growing pig. A total of 175 weaned pigs from 25 litters were randomly assigned within liter to either simple slatted-floor (S) or complex straw-based rearing ecosystem (C). Beside the floor swabs samples, fecal swabs and mucosal scraping samples from bronchus, ileum, and colon were collected approximately 164 days post-weaning at the time of slaughter. The S ecosystem seems to increase the α-diversity of respiratory and gut microbiota. Moreover, the C-raised pigs showed 35.4, 89.2, and 60.0% reduction in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio than the S-raised pigs at bronchus, ileum, and colon, respectively. The unfavorable taxa Psychrobacter, Corynebacterium, Actinobacteria, and Neisseria were the signature taxa of C environment-associated microbial community. Therefore, the microbiota of S-raised pigs seems to show higher density of the most essential and beneficial taxa than the C-raised pigs. We preliminarily conclude that increasing the physical complexity of rearing environment seems to provide suboptimal conditions for establishing a healthy microbial community in the growing pigs.
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131
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Aliramezani A, Soleimani M, Fard RMN, Nojoomi F. Virulence determinants and biofilm formation of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from hospitalized patients. Germs 2019; 9:148-153. [PMID: 31646145 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2019.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Acinetobacter baumannii are nosocomial bacteria that are responsible for outbreaks and severe infections in hospitalized patients globally. The major target of this study was the characterization of virulence determinants and biofilm formation of A. baumannii isolates from hospitalized patients. Methods In total, 100 A. baumannii were collected from three hospitals in Tehran, Iran, 2017-2018. The isolates were assessed using phenotypic and genotypic methods and then screened for virulence factor encoding genes such as plcN and lasB using conventional polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, bacterial biofilm formation, motility and hemolytic and proteolytic activities were assessed. Results Of 100 A. baumannii isolates, 20 isolates included plcN and four isolates included lasB using PCR assay. Overall, 21 isolates were negative for biofilm formation while 45, 20 and 14 of the total isolates were reported as weak, moderate and strong biofilm producers, respectively. All isolates were positive for bap genes using PCR. Moreover, 35 isolates were motile on Luria-Bertani media, 47 isolates were α-hemolytic on Brucella blood agar media and all isolates displayed proteolytic activity. Conclusions Healthcare-associated infections with A. baumannii are a major concern, importantly due to their potency to acquire virulence factor genes. Therefore, shedding light in the discovery of new antimicrobial and/or therapeutic agents against virulent A. baumannii strains seem to be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Aliramezani
- PhD, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, PO Box: 14117-18541, Iran, Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soleimani
- PhD, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, PO Box: 14117-18541, Iran
| | - Ramin Mazaheri Nezhad Fard
- PhD, Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, PO Box: 14716-13151, Iran, Food Microbiology Research Centre, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Nojoomi
- PhD, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, PO Box: 14117-18541, Iran
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132
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Parlapani F, Michailidou S, Anagnostopoulos D, Koromilas S, Kios K, Pasentsis K, Psomopoulos F, Argiriou A, Haroutounian S, Boziaris I. Bacterial communities and potential spoilage markers of whole blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) stored under commercial simulated conditions. Food Microbiol 2019; 82:325-333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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133
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New Shuttle Vectors for Real-Time Gene Expression Analysis in Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter Species: In Vitro and In Vivo Responses to Environmental Stressors. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.01334-19. [PMID: 31324623 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01334-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Acinetobacter genus includes species of opportunistic pathogens and harmless saprophytes. The type species, Acinetobacter baumannii, is a nosocomial pathogen renowned for being multidrug resistant (MDR). Despite the clinical relevance of infections caused by MDR A. baumannii and a few other Acinetobacter spp., the regulation of their pathogenicity remains elusive due to the scarcity of adequate genetic tools, including vectors for gene expression analysis. Here, we report the generation and testing of a series of Escherichia coli-Acinetobacter promoter-probe vectors suitable for gene expression analysis in Acinetobacter spp. These vectors, named pLPV1Z, pLPV2Z, and pLPV3Z, carry both gentamicin and zeocin resistance markers and contain lux, lacZ, and green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter systems downstream of an extended polylinker, respectively. The presence of a toxin-antitoxin gene system and the high copy number allow pLPV plasmids to be stably maintained even without antibiotic selection. The pLPV plasmids can easily be introduced by electroporation into MDR A. baumannii belonging to the major international lineages as well as into species of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex. The pLPV vectors have successfully been employed to study the regulation of stress-responsive A. baumannii promoters, including the DNA damage-inducible uvrABC promoter, the ethanol-inducible adhP and yahK promoters, and the iron-repressible promoter of the acinetobactin siderophore biosynthesis gene basA A lux-tagged A. baumannii ATCC 19606T strain, carrying the iron-responsive pLPV1Z::PbasA promoter fusion, allowed in vivo and ex vivo monitoring of the bacterial burden in the Galleria mellonella infection model.IMPORTANCE The short-term adaptive response to environmental cues greatly contributes to the ecological success of bacteria, and profound alterations in bacterial gene expression occur in response to physical, chemical, and nutritional stresses. Bacteria belonging to the Acinetobacter genus are ubiquitous inhabitants of soil and water though some species, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, are pathogenic and cause serious concern due to antibiotic resistance. Understanding A. baumannii pathobiology requires adequate genetic tools for gene expression analysis, and to this end we developed user-friendly shuttle vectors to probe the transcriptional responses to different environmental stresses. Vectors were constructed to overcome the problem of antibiotic selection in multidrug-resistant strains and were equipped with suitable reporter systems to facilitate signal detection. By means of these vectors, the transcriptional response of A. baumannii to DNA damage, ethanol exposure, and iron starvation was investigated both in vitro and in vivo, providing insights into A. baumannii adaptation during stress and infection.
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134
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Jaśkiewicz M, Neubauer D, Kazor K, Bartoszewska S, Kamysz W. Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Antimicrobial Peptides Against Planktonic Culture and Biofilm of Acinetobacter baumannii. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 11:317-324. [PMID: 30043322 PMCID: PMC6449538 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most challenging pathogens, on account of its predisposition to develop resistance leading to severe, difficult-to-treat infections. As these bacteria are more usually isolated from nosocomial infections, the new therapeutic options are demanded. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are compounds likely to find application in the treatment of A. baumannii. These compounds exhibit a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and were found to be effective against biofilm. In this study, eight AMPs, namely aurein 1.2, CAMEL, citropin 1.1., LL-37, omiganan, r-omiganan, pexiganan, and temporin A, were tested for their antimicrobial activity. A reference strain of A. baumannii ATCC 19606 was used. Antimicrobial assays included determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum biofilm eradication concentration. Considering the fact that the majority of A. baumannii infections are associated with mechanical ventilation and the use of indwelling devices, the activity against biofilm was assessed on both a polystyrene surface and tracheal tube fragments. In addition, cytotoxicity (HaCaT) was determined and in vitro selectivity index was calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jaśkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Damian Neubauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kamil Kazor
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bartoszewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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135
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Ellis JE, Missan DS, Shabilla M, Moschonas C, Saperstein D, Martinez D, Becker CV, Fry SE. Comparison of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial communities in peripheral blood from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and control populations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humic.2019.100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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136
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Paterson JS, Smith RJ, McKerral JC, Dann LM, Launer E, Goonan P, Kleinig T, Fuhrman JA, Mitchell JG. A hydrocarbon-contaminated aquifer reveals a Piggyback-the-Persistent viral strategy. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 95:5533318. [PMID: 31314089 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Subsurface environments hold the largest reservoir of microbes in the biosphere. They play essential roles in transforming nutrients, degrading contaminants and recycling organic matter. Here, we propose a previously unrecognised fundamental microbial process that influences aquifer bioremediation dynamics and that applies to all microbial communities. In contrast to previous models, our proposed Piggyback-the-Persistent (PtP) mechanism occurs when viruses become more dominated by those exhibiting temperate rather than lytic lifestyles driven by persistent chemicals (in our case chlorinated-hydrocarbon pollutants) that provide long-term carbon sources and that refocus the aquifer carbon cycle, thus altering the microbial community. In this ultra-oligotrophic system, the virus:microbial ratio (VMR) ranges from below the detection limit of 0.0001 to 0.6, well below the common aquatic range of 3-10. Shortest-average-path network analysis revealed VMR and trichlorethene (TCE) as nodes through which ecosystem information and biomass most efficiently pass. Novel network rearrangement revealed a hierarchy of Kill-the-Winner (KtW), Piggyback-the-Winner (PtW) and PtP nodes. We propose that KtW, PtW and PtP occur simultaneously as competing strategies, with their relative importance depending on conditions at a particular time and location with unusual nutrient sources, such as TCE, appearing to contribute to a shift in this balance between viral mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Paterson
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Renee J Smith
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Jody C McKerral
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Lisa M Dann
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Elise Launer
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Peter Goonan
- South Australia Environment Protection Authority, GPO Box 2607, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Tavis Kleinig
- South Australia Environment Protection Authority, GPO Box 2607, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Jed A Fuhrman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - James G Mitchell
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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137
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Bai YL, Shahed-Al-Mahmud M, Selvaprakash K, Lin NT, Chen YC. Tail Fiber Protein-Immobilized Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Affinity Approaches for Detection of Acinetobacter baumannii. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10335-10342. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Bai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Md. Shahed-Al-Mahmud
- Master Program in Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | | | - Nien-Tsung Lin
- Master Program in Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chie Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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138
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Sigala JC, Quiroz L, Arteaga E, Olivares R, Lara AR, Martinez A. Physiological and transcriptional comparison of acetate catabolism between Acinetobacter schindleri ACE and Escherichia coli JM101. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5529389. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTAcinetobacter bacteria preferentially use gluconeogenic substrates instead of hexoses or pentoses. Accordingly, Acinetobacter schindleri ACE reaches a high growth rate on acetate but is unable to grow on glucose, xylose or arabinose. In this work, we compared the physiology of A. schindleri ACE and Escherichia coli JM101 growing on acetate as the carbon source. In contrast to JM101, ACE grew on acetate threefold faster, had a twofold higher biomass yield, and a 45% higher specific acetate consumption rate. Transcriptional analysis revealed that genes like ackA, pta, aceA, glcB, fumA, tktA and talA were overexpressed while acsA, sfcA, ppc and rpiA were underexpressed in ACE relative to JM101. This transcriptional profile together with carbon flux balance analysis indicated that ACE forms acetyl-CoA preferentially by the AckA-Pta (acetate kinase-phosphotransacetylase) pathway instead of Acs (acetyl-CoA synthetase) and that the glyoxylate shunt and tricarboxylic acid cycle are more active in ACE than in JM101. Moreover, in ACE, ribose 5-phosphate and erythrose 4-phosphate are formed from trioses, and NADPH is mainly produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase. This knowledge will contribute to an understanding of the carbon metabolism of Acinetobacter species of medical, biotechnological and microbiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Sigala
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa. Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Delegación Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México 05348, México
| | - Lucy Quiroz
- Posgrado en Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México 05348, México
| | - Eduardo Arteaga
- Posgrado en Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México 05348, México
| | - Roberto Olivares
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa. Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Delegación Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México 05348, México
| | - Alvaro R Lara
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa. Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Delegación Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México 05348, México
| | - Alfredo Martinez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62210, México
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139
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Occurrence of Metallo-β-lactamase Genes among Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Different Clinical Samples. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.2.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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140
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Ojha A, Zhang W. A comparative study of microbial community and dynamics of Asaia in the brown planthopper from susceptible and resistant rice varieties. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:139. [PMID: 31234788 PMCID: PMC6591912 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1512-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brown planthopper (BPH) is likely the most destructive, piercing and sucking monophagous insect pest of rice that causes substantial economic losses to farmers. Although yeast-like symbionts (YLS) and virus transmission have been observed in the BPH, the bacterial population inhabiting the BPH has received minimal research attention. Labelling BPH-associated bacterial species may shed light on BPH biology and the interaction between the BPH and rice to provide novel approaches for the efficient control of this insect pest. RESULTS We examined RNA-seq results to identify bacterial populations present in different generations of BPHs maintained on susceptible or resistant rice varieties. Overall, 87 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were determined from the BPH-F0, F6 and F16 generations. These OTUs had Shannon and Simpson index values of 0.37-0.6 and 0.56-1.19, respectively. The evenness values of 0.7-1.00 showed the vastness of the bacterial diversity recovered from the BPH samples. The results showed high species diversity in the BPHs collected from susceptible rice and a high number of members of unclassified bacteria in the BPHs isolated from resistant rice. We noticed that Proteobacteria OTUs were predominant across all samples. Furthermore, PCR data of Asaia species showed variable DNA amplification across the BPH samples collected from susceptible or resistant varieties. The identification of Asaia in BPH eggs and BPH-egg-infected rice revealed its influence on the interaction between the BPH egg and rice. CONCLUSIONS The BPHs had clear differences in their microbiomes and in their ability to feed on different rice hosts. These variations could have an essential impact on host adaptation and interaction. These results provide a better understanding of the bacterial diversity and interaction of the microbiome of different generations of BPHs. Furthermore, PCR data of Asaia sp. variation across the BPH samples (isolated from different host genotypes selected from the field and laboratory, including BPH eggs and egg-infected rice tissues), suggest that Asaia could be an important member of the insect microbiome involved in adaptation, its interaction with rice and, most importantly, as a paratransgenic tool for insect control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Ojha
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China.
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141
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Xia D, Yi X, Lu Y, Huang W, Xie Y, Ye H, Dang Z, Tao X, Li L, Lu G. Dissimilatory iron and sulfate reduction by native microbial communities using lactate and citrate as carbon sources and electron donors. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:524-531. [PMID: 30861440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial (dissimilatory) iron and sulfate reduction (BIR and BSR) are intimately linked to the biogeochemical cycling of C, Fe, and S in acid mine drainage (AMD) environments. This study examined the response of native microbial communities to the reduction of iron and sulfate in bench experimental systems. Results showed that the reduction of ferric iron and sulfate took place when the electron acceptors coexist. Existence of Fe(III) can postpone the reduction of sulfate, but can enhance the reduction rate. Cultures grown in the presence of 10 mM iron can reach the final level of sulfate bio-reduction rate (~100%) after 35 days incubation. 16 S rDNA -based microbial community analysis revealed that the three genera Anaeromusa, Acinetobacter and Bacteroides were dominated in the ferric-reducing conditions. SRB (Desulfobulbus, Desulfosporosinus and Desulfovibrio) were dominated in the sulfate reduction process. Results in this study highlighted the highly coupled nature of C, Fe, and S biogeochemical cycles in AMD and provided insights into the potential of environmental remediation by native microbial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xia
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, (MEP), Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yi
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yang Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weilin Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yingying Xie
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, China
| | - Han Ye
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xueqin Tao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Guining Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, China.
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142
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Zhang S, He Z, Meng F. Floc-size effects of the pathogenic bacteria in a membrane bioreactor plant. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:645-652. [PMID: 30991220 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The size nature of sludge flocs could affect the occurrence and distribution of bacterial pathogens in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, the floc-size dependence of bacterial pathogens in the activated sludge of a WWTP was investigated using high-throughput metagenomic sequencing approaches. The results showed that a total of 423 pathogenic species belonging to 123 genera were identified in the three size-fractionated flocs. Also, we found that all the pathogens on the WHO's global priority pathogens list were detected in the size-fractionated flocs, with relative abundance of 0.4%, 0.3% and 0.3% for large-size, medium-size and small-size flocs, respectively, indicating the severe human and environmental health risks of activated sludge. Importantly, our results revealed that the pathogenic species showed a clear floc-size dependent distribution manner, leading to significant differences (P < 0.05) of pathogenic communities among the size-fractionated flocs. Additionally, by partitioning pathogens based on the occurrence and significant difference in abundances, we suggested the following distribution features: 1) large flocs-associated pathogens, such as Borrelia recurrentis, Actinobacillus ureae and Campylobacter gracilis; 2) medium flocs-associated pathogens, such as Mycobacterium szulgai and Ureaplasma urealyticum; and 3) small flocs-associated pathogens, such as Rickettsia akari, Staphylococcus anginosus and Helicobacter cinaedi. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of pathogens in activated sludge, which is expected to aid in assessment and management of pathogen risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Zhili He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Fangang Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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143
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Álvarez-Pérez S, Lievens B, Fukami T. Yeast-Bacterium Interactions: The Next Frontier in Nectar Research. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:393-401. [PMID: 30792076 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Beyond its role as a reward for pollinators, floral nectar also provides a habitat for specialized and opportunistic yeasts and bacteria. These microbes modify nectar chemistry, often altering mutualistic relationships between plants and pollinators in ways that we are only beginning to understand. Many studies on this multi-partite system have focused on either yeasts or bacteria without consideration of yeast-bacterium interactions, but recent evidence suggests that such interactions drive the assembly of nectar microbial communities and its consequences for pollination. Unexplored potential mechanisms of yeast-bacterium interactions include the formation of physical complexes, nutritional interactions, antibiosis, signaling-based interactions, and horizontal gene transfer. We argue that studying these mechanisms can elucidate how nectar microbial communities are established and affect plant fitness via pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Álvarez-Pérez
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Campus De Nayer, B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Bart Lievens
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Campus De Nayer, B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Tadashi Fukami
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. https://twitter.com/@TadashiFukami
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144
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Zeidler S, Müller V. Coping with low water activities and osmotic stress in Acinetobacter baumannii: significance, current status and perspectives. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:2212-2230. [PMID: 30773801 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens are one of the most pressing challenges of contemporary health care. Acinetobacter baumannii takes a predominant position, emphasized in 2017 by the World Health Organization. The increasing emergence of MDR strains strengthens the demand for new antimicrobials. Possible targets for such compounds might be proteins involved in resistance against low water activity environments, since A. baumannii is known for its pronounced resistance against desiccation stress. Despite the importance of desiccation resistance for persistence of this pathogen in hospitals, comparable studies and precise data on this topic are rare and the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. This review aims to give an overview of the studies performed so far and the current knowledge on genes and proteins important for desiccation survival. 'Osmotic stress' is not identical to 'desiccation stress', but the two share the response of bacteria to low water activities. Osmotic stress resistance is in general studied much better, and in recent years it turned out that accumulation of compatible solutes in A. baumannii comprises some special features such as the bifunctional enzyme MtlD synthesizing the unusual solute mannitol. Furthermore, the regulatory pathways, as understood today, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Zeidler
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volker Müller
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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145
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Yang G, Wang J. Ultrasound combined with dilute acid pretreatment of grass for improvement of fermentative hydrogen production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 275:10-18. [PMID: 30572258 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the dilute acid pretreatment combined with ultrasound was applied to improve fermentative hydrogen production from grass. The experimental results indicated that SCOD and soluble carbohydrate contents of grass was improved by 98.6% and 236.9% after the combined treatment, respectively. Surface morphology (SEM and AFM) and crystallinity analysis revealed that the combined pretreatment process could effectively destroyed the biomass structure and increased their surface area. Owing to the increased soluble organics proportion and better enzymatic accessibility of residual solids, the hydrogen yield reached 42.2 mL/g-dry grass after the combined treatment, which was 311.7%, 190.0% and 35.0% higher in comparison with the control, individual ultrasound and acid pretreated groups, respectively. Meanwhile, the combined treatment also increased the substrate utilization efficiency and induced a more efficient fermentation pathway. Bacterial community analysis revealed that more enrichment of Clostridium and less enrichment of Enterococcus contributed to the improved hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Tsinghua University-Zhang Jiagang Joint Institute for Hydrogen Energy and Lithium-Ion Battery Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Tsinghua University-Zhang Jiagang Joint Institute for Hydrogen Energy and Lithium-Ion Battery Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Wastes Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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146
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Acinetobacter chinensis, a novel Acinetobacter species, carrying blaNDM-1, recovered from hospital sewage. J Microbiol 2019; 57:350-355. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-8485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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147
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Klotz P, Higgins PG, Schaubmar AR, Failing K, Leidner U, Seifert H, Scheufen S, Semmler T, Ewers C. Seasonal Occurrence and Carbapenem Susceptibility of Bovine Acinetobacter baumannii in Germany. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:272. [PMID: 30853949 PMCID: PMC6395434 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections in humans. To investigate its prevalence, distribution of sequence types (STs), and antimicrobial resistance in cattle, we sampled 422 cattle, including 280 dairy cows, 59 beef cattle, and 83 calves over a 14-month period. Metadata, such as the previous use of antimicrobial agents and feeding, were collected to identify putative determining factors. Bacterial isolates were identified via MALDI-TOF/MS and PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated via VITEK2 and antibiotic gradient tests, resistance genes were identified by PCR. Overall, 15.6% of the cattle harbored A. baumannii, predominantly in the nose (60.3% of the A. baumannii isolates). It was more frequent in dairy cows (21.1%) than in beef cattle (6.8%) and calves (2.4%). A seasonal occurrence was shown with a peak between May and August. The rate of occurrence of A. baumannii was correlated with a history of use of 3rd generation cephalosporins in the last 6 months prior to sampling Multilocus sequence typing (Pasteur scheme) revealed 83 STs among 126 unique isolates. Nine of the bovine STs have previously been implicated in human infections. Besides known intrinsic resistance of the species, the isolates did not show additional resistance to the antimicrobial substances tested, including carbapenems. Our data suggest that cattle are not a reservoir for nosocomial A. baumannii but carry a highly diverse population of this species. Nevertheless, some STs seem to be able to colonize both cattle and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Klotz
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Paul G Higgins
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas R Schaubmar
- Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Failing
- Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ursula Leidner
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Harald Seifert
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra Scheufen
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Semmler
- NG1 Microbial Genomics, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christa Ewers
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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148
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Bacterial and Biodeterioration Analysis of the Waterlogged Wooden Lacquer Plates from the Nanhai No. 1 Shipwreck. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9040653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To protect the lacquer plates from the Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck from being corroded by microorganisms, a series of studies were conducted on the four water-stored samples. The water samples were collected from the vessel where the lacquerware was stored in June and December 2017. In our study, high-throughput sequencing was conducted to reveal predominant bacterial communities. Then, three different media were used to isolate the dominant bacteria, and the 16S rRNA genes were sequenced. Next, we tested the degradation activity of lignin and cellulose by the isolated bacterial strains. After being cultured on a medium containing carboxylmethylcellulose (CMC), almost all the isolated strains (except Microbacterium sp. NK-NH4, Ochrobactrum sp. NK-NH9, and Bacillus megaterium NK-NH10) showed the capacity for cellulose degradation. In addition, the lignin peroxidase (Lip) and laccase activity of the strains were shown by culturing the strains on one medium with azure and on another medium with Remazol brilliant blue. The results indicated that the Lip activity of all the strains was low, whereas the laccase activity of Microbacterium sp. NK-NH4, Bacillus tequilensis NK-NH5, Bacillus subtilis NK-NH6, Bacillus megaterium NK-NH10, and Bacillus velezensis NK-NH11 was relatively high. Finally, we tested the bacteriostatic efficacy of four biocides—Preventol® D7, BIT 20N, P91, and Euxyl® K100. We found that most strains were sensitive to D7 and 20N, while K100 had almost no impact.
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149
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Bae S, Lyons C, Onstad N. A culture-dependent and metagenomic approach of household drinking water from the source to point of use in a developing country. WATER RESEARCH X 2019; 2:100026. [PMID: 31194061 PMCID: PMC6549904 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2019.100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Rural households in developing countries rely on communal water supplies and household water frequently becomes contaminated following its collection, transportation and during its storage. Using culture-dependent and -independent techniques, we examined the changes in microbial water quality between communal tap water and household water storage in a rural area of Cameroon, Africa. The culturable fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) were used to assess the potential health risks associated with different household water storage conditions (e.g., type of container and open vs. closed container) and interventions (e.g., water storage days, cleaned on the last day of use, and hygiene practices). Only the amount of days the water was stored significantly differed (p-value < 0.05), which showed that potential health risks increased when water was stored for more than 3 days. The higher abundance of molecular FIB in biofilm than household water suggested that omnipresent biofilm in household water could potential health risk. The high-throughput sequencing revealed that the most abundant phylum was Proteobacteria, followed by Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes in both the water and the biofilm samples. Bacterial genera seen in biofilm bacteria, such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Comamonas. Acinetobacter, Chryseobacterium, Stenotrophomonas and Corynebacterium, were relatively more abundant in the biofilm than in the water. Potential bacterial pathogens including Acinetobacter baumannii, Citrobacter freundii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Haemophilus influenza, were detected in household water and biofilm. The microbial quality might be affected by water-storage time and households repeatedly using the same water storage containers without proper sanitization, triggering microbial regrowth and biofilm formation on water containers. Higher bacterial diversity and potentially pathogenic bacteria found in the biofilm samples of a household water supply are unhealthy for the house's inhabitants. It is important to develop interventions aimed at preventing the formation of these dangerous biofilms in a communal water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Bae
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Corresponding author.
| | - Colleen Lyons
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, 301E. Dean Keeton St, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Nora Onstad
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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150
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Yu Z, Hu Y, Dzakpasu M, Wang XC, Ngo HH. Dynamic membrane bioreactor performance enhancement by powdered activated carbon addition: Evaluation of sludge morphological, aggregative and microbial properties. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 75:73-83. [PMID: 30473309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of powdered activated carbon (PAC) addition on sludge morphological, aggregative and microbial properties in a dynamic membrane bioreactor (DMBR) were investigated to explore the enhancement mechanism of pollutants removal and filtration performance. Sludge properties were analyzed through various analytical measurements. The results showed that the improved sludge aggregation ability and the evolution of microbial communities affected sludge morphology in PAC-DMBR, as evidenced by the formation of large, regularly shaped and strengthened sludge flocs. The modifications of sludge characteristics promoted the formation process and filtration flux of the dynamic membrane (DM) layer. Additionally, PAC addition did not exert very significant influence on the propagation of eukaryotes (protists and metazoans) and microbial metabolic activity. High-throughput pyrosequencing results indicated that adding PAC improved the bacterial diversity in activated sludge, as PAC addition brought about additional microenvironment in the form of biological PAC (BPAC), which promoted the enrichment of Acinetobacter (13.9%), Comamonas (2.9%), Flavobacterium (0.31%) and Pseudomonas (0.62%), all contributing to sludge flocs formation and several (such as Acinetobacter) capable of biodegrading relatively complex organics. Therefore, PAC addition could favorably modify sludge properties from various aspects and thus enhance the DMBR performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Yu
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yisong Hu
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Mawuli Dzakpasu
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710055, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an 710055, China; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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