101
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Duan L, An X, Zhang Y, Jin D, Zhao S, Zhou R, Duan Y, Zhang Y, Liu X, Lian F. Gut microbiota as the critical correlation of polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112094. [PMID: 34449321 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota forms a symbiotic relationship with the host and maintains the ecological balance of the internal and external environment of the human body. However, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and immune deficiency, as well as environmental changes, can destroy the host-microbial balance, leading to the occurrence of a variety of diseases, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and obesity. Meanwhile, diseases can also affect gut microbiota, forming a vicious cycle. The role of the intestinal microbiota in different diseases have been proven by several studies; however, as a common target of PCOS and T2DM, there are few reports on the treatment of different diseases through the regulation of intestinal microbiota as the critical correlation. This review analyzed the common mechanisms of intestinal microbiota in PCOS and T2DM, including the dysbiosis of gut microbiota, endotoxemia, short-chain fatty acids, biotransformation of bile acids, and synthesis of amino acid in regulating insulin resistance, obesity, chronic inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The possible therapeutic effects of probiotics and/or prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, bariatric surgery, dietary intervention, drug treatment, and other treatments targeted at regulating intestinal microbiota were also elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xuedong An
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuehong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - De Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shenghui Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yingying Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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102
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Dubey P, Reddy S, Boyd S, Bracamontes C, Sanchez S, Chattopadhyay M, Dwivedi A. Effect of Nutritional Supplementation on Oxidative Stress and Hormonal and Lipid Profiles in PCOS-Affected Females. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092938. [PMID: 34578816 PMCID: PMC8467908 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects several reproductive and endocrine features in females and has a poorly understood etiology. Treatment strategies for PCOS are limited and are based primarily on diet and nutrient supplementation. Recent studies have recommended some nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and vitamin-like nutrients for the therapy for PCOS. Therefore, it is claimed that the cause of PCOS could be vitamin or mineral deficiency. This review provides a narrative on the effect of nutritional supplementation on oxidative stress induced in PCOS. Oxidative stress plays a formative role in PCOS pathophysiology. This article reviews oxidative stress, its markers, nutritional supplementation and clinical studies. We also aim to show the effect of nutritional supplementation on genes affecting hormonal and glucose-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Dubey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (S.R.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sireesha Reddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (S.R.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Sarah Boyd
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (S.R.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Christina Bracamontes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (S.R.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Sheralyn Sanchez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (S.R.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Munmun Chattopadhyay
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (M.C.); (A.D.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Alok Dwivedi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (M.C.); (A.D.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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103
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Urinary Metabolites Reveal Hyperinsulinemia and Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11070437. [PMID: 34357331 PMCID: PMC8307496 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is not a minor issue. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA) is the most used index of IR (Insulin Resistance), validated in overweight and obese patients but not in normal-weight PCOS subjects, who can still present with increased insulin secretion by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The evaluation of insulin secretion and resistance represents a still unresolved problem. The aim of this study is to identify a possible yet noninvasive method to properly evaluate the insulin metabolism in young non-diabetic subjects. Girls aged 14–22 years, afferent to the center of Gynecological Diseases in Childhood and Adolescence of Cagliari (Italy), were screened for PCOS. A total of 42 subjects comprised the study group. Hormonal assays, OGTT, transabdominal (TA) or transvaginal (TV) US, and urine collection for 1H-NMR analysis were assayed in the early follicular phase. A 1H-NMR coupled multivariate statistical analysis was performed. The OPLS model indicated that the NMR profile of urine had a good fit and prediction ability for the AUC OGTT with R2 = 0.813. Metabolomics can be a promising tool to the potential identification of biomarkers of an exaggerated insulin response to OGTT and can encourage substantial progress for a more accurate and early diagnosis in PCOS.
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104
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Yu Y, Cao Y, Huang W, Liu Y, Lu Y, Zhao J. β-Sitosterol Ameliorates Endometrium Receptivity in PCOS-Like Mice: The Mediation of Gut Microbiota. Front Nutr 2021; 8:667130. [PMID: 34179058 PMCID: PMC8224531 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.667130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), one of the most common endocrine diseases in women of childbearing age, has been found to be accompanied by changes in the gut microbiota. The Bu Shen Yang Xue formula (BSYXF) is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used for the treatment of PCOS. This study aimed to investigate whether the protective effects of β-sitosterol, the main active ingredient of BSYXF, on PCOS was mediated by regulating gut microbiota. Methods: The presence of β-sitosterol in BSYXF was detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The PCOS-like mouse model was induced by dehydroepiandrosterone. The fecal supernatant of β-sitosterol-treated mice was prepared for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Body weight and wet weight of the uterus and ovary of the mice were recorded for organ index calculation. Hematoxylin and eosin stain was used to assess the endometrial morphology and microenvironment changes. Expression of endometrial receptivity markers cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Integrin ανβ3, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and homeobox A10 (HOXA10) in the endometrium were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to detect the expression of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P), and testosterone (T) in the serum. The diversity of gut microbiota was examined by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Results: With the treatment of β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol-FMT, the uterine index of PCOS-like mice increased, the ovarian index decreased, levels of COX-2, LH and T decreased, and levels of Integrin ανβ3, LIF, HOXA10, FSH, and P increased. Under β-sitosterol treatment, the structure of the gut microbiota in PCOS-like mice was also changed. Conclusion: β-sitosterol regulates the endometrial receptivity of PCOS and harmonizes the sex hormone balance, which may be related to the changes in the structure and composition of gut microbiota, thus affecting the pathological process of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Cao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Wenling Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajing Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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105
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He Y, Wang Q, Li X, Wang G, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Lactic acid bacteria alleviate polycystic ovarian syndrome by regulating sex hormone related gut microbiota. Food Funct 2021; 11:5192-5204. [PMID: 32441726 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02554e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease across the world. Because gut microbiota play a key role in the pathogenesis of PCOS, probiotics may alleviate PCOS symptoms through the regulation of intestinal flora. The effects of 8 lactic acid bacterial strains on PCOS were investigated. Letrozole was used to produce a PCOS rat model and a 4-week-strain-intervention was performed. Diane-35, as a clinical PCOS treatment medicine, was effective in attenuating rats' reproductive disorders. Lactobacillus plantarum HL2 was protective against ovary pathological changes and restored luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone levels. Bifidobacterium longum HB3 also alleviated ovary abnormalities and decreased testosterone levels. Administration of lactic acid bacteria up-regulated short-chain fatty acid levels. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing, lactic acid bacteria improved letrozole induced gut microbiota dysbiosis with different degrees. Akkermansia, Roseburia, Prevotella, Staphylococcus and Lactobacillus genera were correlated with sex hormone levels. Some of the sex hormone-related gut microbiota were restored by treatment with the strains. These results demonstrated that lactic acid bacteria alleviated PCOS in a rat model by regulating sex hormone related gut microbiota. Modifying gut microbiota by probiotic interventions may thus be a promising therapeutic option for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China and International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China and (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, PR China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China and (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China and (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, PR China and National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China and Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China and National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China and Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, PR China
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106
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Chang ZP, Deng GF, Shao YY, Xu D, Zhao YN, Sun YF, Zhang SQ, Hou RG, Liu JJ. Shaoyao-Gancao Decoction Ameliorates the Inflammation State in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rats via Remodeling Gut Microbiota and Suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:670054. [PMID: 34054541 PMCID: PMC8155368 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.670054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a vital role in the occurrence of multiple endocrine disorders including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Shaoyao-Gancao Decoction (SGD), a classical Chinese prescription, has been widely used in the treatment of PCOS for decades. In previous studies, we found that SGD treatment could effectively reduce ovarian inflammation in PCOS rats. However, whether the anti-inflammation effect of SGD involves the regulation of the gut microbiota remains elusive. Methods: Letrozole-induced PCOS rat models were established, and the therapeutic effects of SGD were evaluated. Specifically, body weight, serum hormone concentrations, estrus phase and ovary histopathology were assessed. Then the structure of gut microbiota was determined by 16s rRNA sequencing. Additionally, the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and LPS were measured by ELISA kits. The key gene and protein expressions of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. Results: SGD could effectively reduce body weight, regulate estrous cycles and ameliorate hyperandrogenism in PCOS rats. In addition, SGD treatment decreased releases of pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhanced the expressions of tight junction (occludin and claudin1), and then prevented a translocation of LPS into bloodstream. SGD could significantly reduce the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, decrease the abundance of LPS-producing pathogens Proteobateria and enrich the abundance of Butyricicoccus, Coprococcus, Akkermansia Blautia and Bacteroides in PCOS rats. Furthermore, SGD blunted the key gene and protein expressions of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway both in vivo and in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Conclusion: SGD administration could ameliorate the inflammatory response in PCOS rats by remodeling gut microbiome structure, protecting gut barrier, and suppressing TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang-Peng Chang
- School of Pharmaceutical, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Gui-Feng Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yun-Yun Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ding Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi-Nan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi-Fan Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shi-Quan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui-Gang Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jun-Jin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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107
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Rao J, Xie R, Lin L, Jiang J, Du L, Zeng X, Li G, Wang C, Qiao Y. Fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates gut microbiota imbalance and intestinal barrier damage in rats with stress‐induced depressive‐like behavior. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:3598-3611. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Rao
- Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong University Jinan China
| | - Ruining Xie
- Department of Public Health Jining Medical University Jining China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Public Health Jining Medical University Jining China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Public Health Jining Medical University Jining China
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Public Health Jining Medical University Jining China
| | - Xindie Zeng
- Department of Public Health Jining Medical University Jining China
| | - Gongying Li
- Department of Mental Health Jining Medical University Jining China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Neurobiology InstituteJining Medical University Jining China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Department of Public Health Jining Medical University Jining China
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108
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Bui TPN, de Vos WM. Next-generation therapeutic bacteria for treatment of obesity, diabetes, and other endocrine diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35:101504. [PMID: 33785319 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota has appeared as an important factor affecting host health and intestinal bacteria have recently emerged as potential therapeutics to treat diabetes and other endocrine diseases. These mainly anaerobic bacteria have been identified either via comparative "omics" analysis of the intestinal microbiota in healthy and diseased subjects or of data collected by fecal microbiota transplantation studies. Both approaches require advanced and in-depth sequencing technologies to perform massive genomic screening to select bacteria with potential benefits. It has been shown that these potentially therapeutic bacteria can either produce bioactive products that directly influence the host patho-physiology and endocrine systems or produce specific signaling molecules that may do so. These bioactive compounds can be formed via degradation of dietary or host-derived components or the conversion of intermediate compounds produced by fermentation of intestinal bacteria. Several of these bacteria have shown causality in preclinical models and entered clinical phase studies, while their mode of action is being analyzed. In this review, we summarize the research on the most promising bacterial candidates with therapeutic properties with a specific focus on diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Phuong Nam Bui
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Caelus Pharmaceuticals BV, 3474, KG, Zegveld, the Netherlands
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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109
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Fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates stress-induced depression-like behaviors associated with the inhibition of glial and NLRP3 inflammasome in rat brain. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:147-157. [PMID: 33677218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from previous studies has demonstrated that the gut-microbiota-brain axis is vital in regulating of behavior and neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. Considering the putative connection among gut microbiota, neural function, and behavior, the present study investigated the potential signaling of gut microbiota to modulate depression-like behaviors and neuroinflammation. METHODS Rats showing depression-like behaviors induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress received fecal microbiota treatment or vehicle for 14 days, and alterations in behavior and neuroinflammation were assessed. ELISA, immunofluorescence staining and Western blot were used to analysis the activation of glial cells and NLRP3 inflammasome. RESULTS Treatment with fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorated depression-like behaviors. 5-Hydroxytryptamine decreased in the chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model but significantly increased after fecal microbiota transplantation. The treatment with fecal microbiota transplantation decreased the production of IL-1β and TNF-α. Moreover, fecal microbiota transplantation administration suppressed the activation of Iba1 positive microglia cells and GFAP positive astrocytes cells and reduced the expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and IL-1β pathway in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Fecal microbiota transplantation can improve depression-like behaviors induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress. The anti-depression effects of fecal microbiota transplantation were associated with the suppressed activation of glial cells and NLRP3 inflammasome in the brain.
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110
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Garcia-Beltran C, Malpique R, Carbonetto B, González-Torres P, Henares D, Brotons P, Muñoz-Almagro C, López-Bermejo A, de Zegher F, Ibáñez L. Gut microbiota in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome: Effects of randomized treatments. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12734. [PMID: 32989872 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Girls with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and women with PCOS have altered gut microbiota. OBJECTIVE To study the gut microbiota composition of girls with PCOS without obesity (age, 15.8 years; body mass index [BMI] 25 kg/m2 ) and the effects of randomized treatments with an oral contraceptive (OC, N = 15) or with spironolactone-pioglitazone-metformin (SPIOMET, N = 15) for 1 year. Thirty-one age-matched girls served as controls. METHODS 16S ribosomal subunit gene amplicon sequencing was performed in stool samples from all subjects; samples from 23 out of 30 girls with PCOS (OC, N = 12; SPIOMET, N = 11) were available for analysis post-treatment. Clinical and endocrine-metabolic variables were measured before and after intervention. RESULTS Girls with PCOS had decreased diversity alpha, altered microbiota pattern and taxonomic profile with more abundance of Family XI (P = .002), and less abundance of family Prevotellaceae (P = .0006) the genus Prevotella (P = .0001) and Senegalimassilia (P < .0001), as compared to controls. Family XI abundance related positively to hepato-visceral fat (R = 0.453; P = .0003). SPIOMET treatment, but not OC, normalized the abundance of Family XI. Prevotellaceae, Prevotella and Senegalimassilia abundance remained unchanged after either treatment. CONCLUSION SPIOMET's spectrum of normalizing effects in girls with PCOS is herewith broadened as to include Family XI abundance in gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Garcia-Beltran
- Endocrinology Department, Pediatric Research Institute Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rita Malpique
- Endocrinology Department, Pediatric Research Institute Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belen Carbonetto
- Microomics Systems S.L., Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro González-Torres
- Microomics Systems S.L., Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Desirée Henares
- Molecular Microbiology Department, Pediatric Research Institute Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Brotons
- Molecular Microbiology Department, Pediatric Research Institute Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- Molecular Microbiology Department, Pediatric Research Institute Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI) and Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Francis de Zegher
- Department of Development & Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lourdes Ibáñez
- Endocrinology Department, Pediatric Research Institute Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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111
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Mammadova G, Ozkul C, Yilmaz Isikhan S, Acikgoz A, Yildiz BO. Characterization of gut microbiota in polycystic ovary syndrome: Findings from a lean population. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13417. [PMID: 32991745 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited available animal and human data suggest an association between dysbiosis of gut microbiota and PCOS. We aimed to determine whether gut microbiota in lean women with PCOS shows any alterations compared to healthy women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four lean patients with PCOS phenotype A according to the Rotterdam 2003 diagnostic criteria and 22 BMI-matched healthy women were included in this study. Anthropometric, hormonal and biochemical measurements were carried out in all participants. 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region amplicon sequencing was performed on stool samples. Preprocessing of the raw data was performed using QIIME, and both QIIME and R packages were used for microbiome analysis. RESULTS Bacterial richness and diversity did not show a significant difference between patients and controls. Beta diversity was similar between the groups. However, Erysipelotrichaceae, Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Planococcaceae, Gemmules and Bacillales were significantly abundant in PCOS group according to LEfSe analysis. Clostridium cluster XVII showed increased abundance in patient group, while Clostridium sensustricto and Roseburia were decreased compared to controls. Random forest prediction analysis revealed Clostridium cluster XIVb as the most discriminative feature of patient group and Roseburia for healthy controls. Testosterone and androstenedione were negatively correlated with alpha and phylogenetic diversity. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that gut microbiome of lean PCOS patients with full phenotype shows compositional alterations with similar bacterial richness and diversity compared to controls and that hyperandrogenism is associated with dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnar Mammadova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ceren Ozkul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Aylin Acikgoz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bulent O Yildiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Giampaolino P, Foreste V, Di Filippo C, Gallo A, Mercorio A, Serafino P, Improda FP, Verrazzo P, Zara G, Buonfantino C, Borgo M, Riemma G, Angelis CD, Zizolfi B, Bifulco G, Della Corte L. Microbiome and PCOS: State-of-Art and Future Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2048. [PMID: 33669557 PMCID: PMC7922491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and heterogeneous endocrine disease. The hypothesis that alterations in the microbiome are involved in the genesis of PCOS has been postulated. Aim of this review is to summarize the available literature data about the relationship between microbiome and PCOS. A search on PubMed and Medline databases was performed from inception to November 20Most of evidence has focused on the connection of intestinal bacteria with sex hormones and insulin-resistance: while in the first case, a relationship with hyperandrogenism has been described, although it is still unclear, in the second one, chronic low-grade inflammation by activating the immune system, with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines which interfere with insulin receptor function, causing IR (Insulin Resistance)/hyperinsulinemia has been described, as well as the role of gastrointestinal hormones like Ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY), bile acids, interleukin-22 and Bacteroides vulgatus have been highlighted. The lower genital tract microbiome would be affected by changes in PCOS patients too. The therapeutic opportunities include probiotic, prebiotics and synbiotics, as well as fecal microbiota transplantation and the use of IL-22, to date only in animal models, as a possible future drug. Current evidence has shown the involvement of the gut microbiome in PCOS, seen how humanized mice receiving a fecal transplant from women with PCOS develop ovarian dysfunction, immune changes and insulin resistance and how it is capable of disrupting the secondary bile acid biosynthesis. A future therapeutic approach for PCOS may involve the human administration of IL-22 and bile acid glycodeoxycholic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Giampaolino
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.G.); (A.G.); (F.P.I.); (P.V.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (C.D.A.); (B.Z.)
| | - Virginia Foreste
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (C.D.F.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (G.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Claudia Di Filippo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (C.D.F.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (G.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Alessandra Gallo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.G.); (A.G.); (F.P.I.); (P.V.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (C.D.A.); (B.Z.)
| | - Antonio Mercorio
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (C.D.F.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (G.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Paolo Serafino
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (C.D.F.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (G.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Francesco Paolo Improda
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.G.); (A.G.); (F.P.I.); (P.V.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (C.D.A.); (B.Z.)
| | - Paolo Verrazzo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.G.); (A.G.); (F.P.I.); (P.V.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (C.D.A.); (B.Z.)
| | - Giuseppe Zara
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (C.D.F.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (G.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Cira Buonfantino
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.G.); (A.G.); (F.P.I.); (P.V.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (C.D.A.); (B.Z.)
| | - Maria Borgo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.G.); (A.G.); (F.P.I.); (P.V.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (C.D.A.); (B.Z.)
| | - Gaetano Riemma
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Chiara De Angelis
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.G.); (A.G.); (F.P.I.); (P.V.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (C.D.A.); (B.Z.)
| | - Brunella Zizolfi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.G.); (A.G.); (F.P.I.); (P.V.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (C.D.A.); (B.Z.)
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (C.D.F.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (G.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Luigi Della Corte
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (C.D.F.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (G.Z.); (G.B.)
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Chu W, Han Q, Xu J, Wang J, Sun Y, Li W, Chen ZJ, Du Y. Metagenomic analysis identified microbiome alterations and pathological association between intestinal microbiota and polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2021; 113:1286-1298.e4. [PMID: 32482258 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify different microbial species in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and reveal a possible relationship between gut dysbiosis and pathological changes. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Academic institution. PATIENT(S) Reproductive-aged women with PCOS (n = 14) and controls (n = 14) from the Centre for Reproductive Medicine. INTERVENTION(S) Shotgun metagenomic sequencing on fecal samples from patients, and clinical parameters (including body mass index, endocrine hormone levels, and glycemia level) gathered for correlation analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Identification of different gut microbial strains and relativity between microbiota and clinical parameters. RESULT(S) We found several microbial strains were statistically significantly more abundant in the PCOS group, including Parabacteroides merdae, Bacteroides fragilis, and strains of Escherichia and Shigella, whereas Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was enriched in the control group. Metagenomic species (MGS) analysis revealed that the microbes of the PCOS group were negatively correlated with those of the control group. Of note, we observed a positive correlation between MGS relevant to PCOS and endocrine disorders, including body mass index and elevated levels of serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and antimüllerian hormone. Functional alterations, reflected by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes orthologues, could imply potential mechanisms of microbial involvement in the developmental progress of PCOS. CONCLUSION(S) Our findings suggest an intimate association and potential mechanisms linking microbial dysbiosis and the pathophysiologic changes of PCOS. We address the importance of monitoring and modulating microbial composition and functional shifts in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qixin Han
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieying Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhi Du
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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114
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Li T, Zhang T, Gao H, Liu R, Gu M, Yang Y, Cui T, Lu Z, Yin C. Tempol ameliorates polycystic ovary syndrome through attenuating intestinal oxidative stress and modulating of gut microbiota composition-serum metabolites interaction. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101886. [PMID: 33592539 PMCID: PMC7896192 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder, which is often accompanied by oxidative stress. Tempol, a superoxide dismutase mimetic, protects against several diseases caused by oxidative stress. However, the effect of tempol on PCOS has not been investigated. The present study demonstrated the alleviation of ovarian dysfunction and glucose tolerance in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCOS rats treated with tempol. Tempol significantly reduced the intestinal oxidative stress in PCOS rats without affecting the ovarian redox rate. The 16S rDNA sequencing of the intestinal microbiome and non-targeted metabolomics analysis indicated significant differences in gut microbiota composition and serum metabolite profiles between the control and PCOS rats, and most of these differences were reduced after tempol intervention. Tempol alters the gut microbiome by increasing the abundance of genus Ruminococcus_1 and by decreasing the abundance of Ruminococcus_2, Staphylococcus, Ideonella, and Corynebnacterium genera. Tempol also attenuates the reduction of serum bile acid and stachyose levels in PCOS rats, and the serum stachyose level was significantly correlated with the abundance of 15 genera, particularly Ruminococcus_1 and Ruminococcus_2. Moreover, stachyose administration improved ovarian dysfunction in PCOS rats. Thus, our data indicate that tempol ameliorates PCOS phenotype by reducing intestinal oxidative stress, restoring gut dysbiosis, and modulating the interaction between gut microbiota and host metabolite. Therefore, tempol intervention is a potential therapeutic approach for PCOS. Tempol improved ovarian dysfunction and glucose tolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome rats. Tempol ameliorates intestinal oxidative stress and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The protective effect of tempol is associated alternations in serum bile acid and stachyose levels. Stachyose administration improved ovarian dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhe Li
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Huimin Gao
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Muqing Gu
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Yuxi Yang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Tianyu Cui
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Zhongbing Lu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China.
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115
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Abstract
The etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains unclear, although studies indicate that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the syndrome. In 2012, Tremellen and Pearce proposed the idea that dysbiosis of the intestinal (gut) microbiome is a causative factor of metabolic and reproductive manifestations of PCOS. In the past 5 years, studies in both humans and rodent models have demonstrated that changes in the taxonomic composition of gut bacteria are associated with PCOS. Studies have also clearly shown that these changes in gut microbiota are associated with PCOS as opposed to obesity, since these changes are observed in women with PCOS that are both of a normal weight or obese, as well as in adolescent girls with PCOS and obesity compared with body mass index- and age-matched females without the disorder. Additionally, studies in both women with PCOS and rodent models of PCOS demonstrated that hyperandrogenism is associated with gut microbial dysbiosis, indicating that androgens may modulate the gut microbial community in females. One study reported that the fecal microbiome transplantation of stool from women with PCOS or exposure to certain bacteria resulted in a PCOS-like phenotype in mice, while other studies showed that exposure to a healthy gut microbiome, pre/probiotics, or specific gut metabolites resulted in protection from developing PCOS-like traits in mice. Altogether, these results suggest that dysbiosis of the gut microbiome may be sufficient to develop PCOS-like symptoms and that modulation of the gut microbiome may be a potential therapeutic target for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryan G Rizk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Varykina G Thackray
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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116
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Jobira B, Frank DN, Silveira LJ, Pyle L, Kelsey MM, Garcia-Reyes Y, Robertson CE, Ir D, Nadeau KJ, Cree-Green M. Hepatic steatosis relates to gastrointestinal microbiota changes in obese girls with polycystic ovary syndrome. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245219. [PMID: 33465100 PMCID: PMC7815089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Hepatic steatosis (HS) is common in adolescents with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Gut microbiota are altered in adults with obesity, HS, and PCOS, which may worsen metabolic outcomes, but similar data is lacking in youth. Methods Thirty-four adolescents with PCOS and obesity underwent stool and fasting blood collection, oral glucose tolerance testing, and MRI for hepatic fat fraction (HFF). Fecal bacteria were profiled by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results 50% had HS (N = 17, age 16.2±1.5 years, BMI 38±7 kg/m2, HFF 9.8[6.5, 20.7]%) and 50% did not (N = 17, age 15.8±2.2 years, BMI 35±4 kg/m2, HFF 3.8[2.6, 4.4]%). The groups showed no difference in bacterial α-diversity (richness p = 0.202; evenness p = 0.087; and diversity p = 0.069) or global difference in microbiota (β-diversity). Those with HS had lower % relative abundance (%RA) of Bacteroidetes (p = 0.013), Bacteroidaceae (p = 0.009), Porphyromonadaceae (p = 0.011), and Ruminococcaceae (p = 0.008), and higher Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes (F:B) ratio (47.8% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.018) and Streptococcaceae (p = 0.034). Bacterial taxa including phyla F:B ratio, Bacteroidetes, and family Bacteroidaceae, Ruminococcaceae and Porphyromonadaceae correlated with metabolic markers. Conclusions Obese adolescents with PCOS and HS have differences in composition of gut microbiota, which correlate with metabolic markers, suggesting a modifying role of gut microbiota in HS and PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beza Jobira
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lori J. Silveira
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Megan M. Kelsey
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Yesenia Garcia-Reyes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Charles E. Robertson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Diana Ir
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kristen J. Nadeau
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Melanie Cree-Green
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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The Role of Probiotics and Synbiotics on Hirsutism. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics and synbiotics are known to have beneficial effects on human health and disease. Hirsutism, a disorder that is characterised by the presence of coarse terminal hairs in a male-like pattern, is usually caused by elevated androgen levels in blood plasma. This disorder is usually observed in PCOS women and it is linked to insulin resistance (IR). Although idiopathic hirsutism (IH) is not shown to have excess androgen production from the ovarian and adrenal glands, increased 5α-reductase in peripheral tissues and insulin resistance are common observations. The effect of probiotics and synbiotics have been recently studied on PCOS women; androgens were also included in the hormonal groups that were investigated. Only a few studies focus on hirsutism and the potential effect of the beneficial microbes mentioned, whereas the increasing interest on insulin resistance and synbiotics indicate a potential beneficial effect on hirsutism through the management of insulin resistance.
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118
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Guo J, Shao J, Yang Y, Niu X, Liao J, Zhao Q, Wang D, Li S, Hu J. Gut Microbiota in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Systematic Review. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:69-83. [PMID: 33409871 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most popular diseases that cause menstrual dysfunction and infertility in women. Recently, the relationships between the gastrointestinal microbiome and metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and PCOS have been discovered. However, the association between the gut microbiome and PCOS symptoms has not been well established. We systematically reviewed existing studies comparing gut microbial composition in PCOS and healthy volunteers to explore evidence for this association. A systematic search was carried out in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to May 26, 2020, for all original cross-sectional, cohort, or case-control studies comparing the fecal microbiomes of patients with PCOS with microbiomes of healthy volunteers (controls). The primary outcomes were differences in specific gut microbes between patients with PCOS and controls. The search identified 256 citations; 10 studies were included. The total population study of these articles consists of 611 participants (including PCOS group and healthy controls group). Among the included 10 studies, nine studies compared α-diversity, and six studies demonstrated that α-diversity has a significant reduction in PCOS patients. Seven of them reported that there was a significant difference of β-diversity composition between healthy controls groups and PCOS patients. The most common bacterial alterations in PCOS patients included Bacteroidaceae, Coprococcus, Bacteroides, Prevotella, Lactobacillus, Parabacteroides, Escherichia/Shigella, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. No consensus has emerged from existing human studies of PCOS and gut microbiome concerning which bacterial taxa are most relevant to it. In this systematic review, we identified specific bacteria associated with microbiomes of patients with PCOS vs controls. Higher level of evidence is needed to determine whether these microbes are a product or cause of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Guo
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Shao
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- The Reproductive Medicine Special Hospital of the 1st Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Niu
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juan Liao
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuaitong Li
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junping Hu
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. .,The Reproductive Medicine Special Hospital of the 1st Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo, Lanzhou, China.
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Gheorghe CE, Ritz NL, Martin JA, Wardill HR, Cryan JF, Clarke G. Investigating causality with fecal microbiota transplantation in rodents: applications, recommendations and pitfalls. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1941711. [PMID: 34328058 PMCID: PMC8331043 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1941711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, studies investigating the role of the gut microbiota in health and diseases have increased enormously - making it essential to deepen and question the research methodology employed. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in rodent studies (either from human or animal donors) allows us to better understand the causal role of the intestinal microbiota across multiple fields. However, this technique lacks standardization and requires careful experimental design in order to obtain optimal results. By comparing several studies in which rodents are the final recipients of FMT, we summarize the common practices employed. In this review, we document the limitations of this method and highlight different parameters to be considered while designing FMT Studies. Standardizing this method is challenging, as it differs according to the research topic, but avoiding common pitfalls is feasible. Several methodological questions remain unanswered to this day and we offer a discussion on issues to be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra E. Gheorghe
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nathaniel L. Ritz
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jason A. Martin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Hannah R. Wardill
- Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John F. Cryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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The role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in metabolic diseases. Protein Cell 2020; 12:360-373. [PMID: 33346905 PMCID: PMC8106557 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00814-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that an unhealthy lifestyle is a major risk factor for metabolic diseases, while in recent years, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the gut microbiome and its metabolites also play a crucial role in the onset and development of many metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease and so on. Numerous microorganisms dwell in the gastrointestinal tract, which is a key interface for energy acquisition and can metabolize dietary nutrients into many bioactive substances, thus acting as a link between the gut microbiome and its host. The gut microbiome is shaped by host genetics, immune responses and dietary factors. The metabolic and immune potential of the gut microbiome determines its significance in host health and diseases. Therefore, targeting the gut microbiome and relevant metabolic pathways would be effective therapeutic treatments for many metabolic diseases in the near future. This review will summarize information about the role of the gut microbiome in organism metabolism and the relationship between gut microbiome-derived metabolites and the pathogenesis of many metabolic diseases. Furthermore, recent advances in improving metabolic diseases by regulating the gut microbiome will be discussed.
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Eyupoglu ND, Ergunay K, Acikgoz A, Akyon Y, Yilmaz E, Yildiz BO. Gut Microbiota and Oral Contraceptive Use in Overweight and Obese Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5899137. [PMID: 32860695 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and complex endocrine disorder. Emerging animal and human data point to various changes in microbiota that could be linked with the syndrome. However, the effects of therapeutic approaches on gut microbial composition in women with PCOS remain unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess whether gut microbial composition is altered in PCOS and to determine the potential impact of oral contraceptive (OC) use on gut microbiota. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Tertiary referral hospital. PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS The study included 17 overweight/obese patients with PCOS and 15 age- and body mass index-matched healthy control women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES At baseline, clinical, hormonal, and metabolic evaluations and gut microbial composition assessment by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing were performed for both groups. All measurements were repeated in patients after receiving an OC along with general lifestyle advice for 3 months. RESULTS Alpha and beta diversity did not show a difference between patients with PCOS and healthy controls at baseline and remained unaltered after 3 months of OC use in the PCOS group. Relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae was higher in PCOS (P = 0.006) and did not show a significant change after treatment. CONCLUSION Women with PCOS have an increased abundance of Ruminococcaceae, whereas short-term OC use does not alter compositional features of gut microbiota in the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin Damla Eyupoglu
- Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Koray Ergunay
- Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aylin Acikgoz
- Hacettepe University School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yakut Akyon
- Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Engin Yilmaz
- Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bulent Okan Yildiz
- Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
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122
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Aguilera M, Gálvez-Ontiveros Y, Rivas A. Endobolome, a New Concept for Determining the Influence of Microbiota Disrupting Chemicals (MDC) in Relation to Specific Endocrine Pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:578007. [PMID: 33329442 PMCID: PMC7733930 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.578007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous steroid hormones and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDC) interact with gut microbiota through different pathways. We suggest the use of the term "endobolome" when referring to the group of gut microbiota genes and pathways involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones and EDC. States of dysbiosis and reduced diversity of the gut microbiota may impact and modify the endobolome resulting at long-term in the development of certain pathophysiological conditions. The endobolome might play a central role in the gut microbiota as seen by the amount of potentially endobolome-mediated diseases and thereby it can be considered an useful diagnostic tool and therapeutic target for future functional research strategies that envisage the use of next generation of probiotics. In addition, we propose that EDC and other xenobiotics that alter the gut microbial composition and its metabolic capacities should be categorized into a subgroup termed "microbiota disrupting chemicals" (MDC). This will help to distinguish the role of contaminants from other microbiota natural modifiers such as those contained or released from diet, environment, physical activity and stress. These MDC might have the ability to promote specific changes in the microbiota that can ultimately result in common intestinal and chronic or long-term systemic diseases in the host. The risk of developing certain disorders associated with gut microbiota changes should be established by determining both the effects of the MDC on gut microbiota and the impact of microbiota changes on chemicals metabolism and host susceptibility. In any case, further animal controlled experiments, clinical trials and large epidemiological studies are required in order to establish the concatenated impact of the MDC-microbiota-host health axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Aguilera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Yolanda Gálvez-Ontiveros
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Harada N, Minami Y, Hanada K, Hanaoka R, Kobayashi Y, Izawa T, Sato T, Kato S, Inui H, Yamaji R. Relationship between gut environment, feces-to-food ratio, and androgen deficiency-induced metabolic disorders. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1817719. [PMID: 32991827 PMCID: PMC7781658 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1817719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen action generates sex-related differences that include changes in the gut microbiota composition. Hypoandrogenism and hyperandrogenism in males and females, respectively, are associated with the prevalence of metabolic disorders. Our recent work showed that male androgen receptor knockout (ARKO) mice developed high-fat diet (HFD)-dependent sarcopenic abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, and hepatic steatosis, leading to early death. The ARKO mice also exhibited alterations in intestinal microbiota but did not experience metabolic abnormalities when administered with antibiotics. Here, we show that time-dependent changes in feed efficiency (ratio of body weight gain to food intake) and weight of dried feces-to-food ratio could be good markers for changes in gut microbiota. Turicibacter spp., Lactobacillus spp., and L. reuteri increased in the gut in both HFD-fed ARKO and castrated mice having metabolic abnormalities. HFD-fed ARKO mice showed increased plasma levels of aspartate, but not alanine, aminotransferase. Changes in the gut microbiome appear to provoke androgen deficiency-induced metabolic diseases, leading to early mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Harada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan,CONTACT Naoki Harada Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka599-8531, Japan
| | - Yukari Minami
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hanada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Hanaoka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kobayashi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Sato
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Kato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iryo Sosei University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inui
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Yamaji
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
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Alterations in the intestinal microbiome associated with PCOS affect the clinical phenotype. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110958. [PMID: 33171400 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenaemia, is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder commonly seen in women of reproductive age. Multiple factors, including the intestinal microbiome, affect the pathogenesis and development of PCOS. However, the specific mechanisms by which gut microbes play a role in PCOS remain elusive. This review summarizes recent research about the transformational changes in gut microbes revealed in PCOS patients and the possible mechanisms and pathways by which the intestinal microbiome exerts influence on PCOS progression and phenotypes. In addition to the intestinal microbiome, evidence from animal studies suggests changes in the vaginal microbiome under PCOS conditions. The alteration of microbiome could affect oestrus cycle and PCOS phenotypes. Microbiome is closely associated with medicine and therapeutic approaches. Microbiome influences drug and therapy response and itself is a new source of therapy. Accurate modulation of the intestinal and vaginal microbiome is a potential therapy for PCOS patients. Future studies are required to elucidate the specific role of each particular genera of microbiota and the mechanism by which microbiome impacts the pathogenesis, progression and phenotypes of PCOS.
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Ferreira RDS, Mendonça LABM, Ribeiro CFA, Calças NC, Guimarães RDCA, Nascimento VAD, Gielow KDCF, Carvalho CME, Castro APD, Franco OL. Relationship between intestinal microbiota, diet and biological systems: an integrated view. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1166-1186. [PMID: 33115284 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1836605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The health-disease process can be influenced by the intestinal microbiota. As this plays a fundamental role in protecting the organism, the importance of studying the composition and diversity of this community becomes increasingly evident. Changes in the composition of the intestinal bacterial community may result in dysbiosis, and this process may contribute to triggering various diseases in all biological systems. This imbalance of intestinal microbiota homeostasis may alter commensal bacteria and the host metabolism, as well as immune function. Dysbiosis also causes an increase in intestinal permeability due to exposure to molecular patterns associated with the pathogen and lipopolysaccharides, leading to a chronic inflammatory process that can result in diseases for all biological systems. In this context, dietary intervention through the use of probiotics, prebiotics and antioxidant foods can be considered a contribution to the modulation of intestinal microbiota. Probiotics have been used to provide up to 10 billion colony forming units, and probiotic foods, Kefir and fermented natural yogurt are also used. Prebiotics, in turn, are found in supplemental formulations of processed foods and in functional foods that are also sources of phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substances, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. In this review, we will discuss the relationship between an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota with the development of diseases, besides indicating the need for future studies that can establish bacterial parameters for the gastrointestinal tract by modulating the intestinal microbiota, associated with the adoption of healthy habits during all life cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosângela Dos Santos Ferreira
- S-Inova Biotech, Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Fontoura Acosta Ribeiro
- S-Inova Biotech, Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Natali Camposano Calças
- S-Inova Biotech, Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Valter Aragão do Nascimento
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karine de Cássia Freitas Gielow
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Alinne Pereira de Castro
- S-Inova Biotech, Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.,Center of Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Tian M, Chen J, Liu J, Chen F, Guan W, Zhang S. Dietary fiber and microbiota interaction regulates sow metabolism and reproductive performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6:397-403. [PMID: 33364455 PMCID: PMC7750804 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fiber is a critical nutrient in sow diet and has attracted interest of animal nutritionists for many years. In addition to increase sows’ satiety, dietary fiber has been found to involve in the regulation of multiple biological functions in the sow production. The interaction of dietary fiber and gut microbes can produce bioactive metabolites, which are of great significance to sows' metabolism and reproductive performance. This article reviewed the interaction between dietary fiber and gut microbes in regulating sows' gut microbial diversity, intestinal immune system, lactation, and production performance, with the aim to provide a new strategy for the use of dietary fiber in sow diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tian
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiaming Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 516042, China
| | - Wutai Guan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 516042, China
| | - Shihai Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 516042, China
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Cao LB, Leung CK, Law PWN, Lv Y, Ng CH, Liu HB, Lu G, Ma JL, Chan WY. Systemic changes in a mouse model of VCD-induced premature ovarian failure. Life Sci 2020; 262:118543. [PMID: 33038381 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a phenomenon in which the ovaries fail before the age of 40 years. Prior research has used a wide range of mouse models designed to reflect different causes of POF, including genetic factors, iatrogenic factors, and immune factors. The current study employed a mouse model of POF induced by 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD). VCD can specifically kill primordial and primary ovarian follicles, which destroys the follicular reserve and causes POF. The current study sought to specify and extend the applications of this model by examining the effect of timing and VCD dose and by exploring the effect of the model on systems outside of the ovaries. MATERIALS AND METHODS A VCD-induced mouse model of POF was constructed using established methods (VCD injected continuously at a concentration of 160 mg/kg for 15 days). Evidence for a graded effect of VCD was observed using a range of concentrations, and the best windows for examining VCD's effects on follicles and associated tissues were identified. KEY FINDINGS The mouse model used here successfully simulated two common complications of POF - emotional changes and decreased bone density. The model's application was then extended to examine the links between disease and intestinal microorganisms, and evidence was found linking POF to the reproductively relevant composition of the gut microbiota. SIGNIFICANCE These findings provide novel methodological guidance for future research, and they significantly extend the applications and scope of VCD-induced POF mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Bao Cao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China; CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
| | - Chi Kwan Leung
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China; CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China; SDIVF R&D Centre, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick Wai-Nok Law
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
| | - Yue Lv
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China; CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
| | - Cheuk-Hei Ng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China; CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China; SDIVF R&D Centre, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Bin Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China; CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China; SDIVF R&D Centre, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Lu
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China.
| | - Jin Long Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China; CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China; SDIVF R&D Centre, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China.
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Mayneris-Perxachs J, Arnoriaga-Rodríguez M, Luque-Córdoba D, Priego-Capote F, Pérez-Brocal V, Moya A, Burokas A, Maldonado R, Fernández-Real JM. Gut microbiota steroid sexual dimorphism and its impact on gonadal steroids: influences of obesity and menopausal status. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:136. [PMID: 32951609 PMCID: PMC7504665 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gonadal steroid hormones have been suggested as the underlying mechanism responsible for the sexual dimorphism observed in metabolic diseases. Animal studies have also evidenced a causal role of the gut microbiome and metabolic health. However, the role of sexual dimorphism in the gut microbiota and the potential role of the microbiome in influencing sex steroid hormones and shaping sexually dimorphic susceptibility to disease have been largely overlooked. Although there is some evidence of sex-specific differences in the gut microbiota diversity, composition, and functionality, the results are inconsistent. Importantly, most of these studies have not taken into account the gonadal steroid status. Therefore, we investigated the gut microbiome composition and functionality in relation to sex, menopausal status, and circulating sex steroids. RESULTS No significant differences were found in alpha diversity indices among pre- and post-menopausal women and men, but beta diversity differed among groups. The gut microbiota from post-menopausal women was more similar to men than to pre-menopausal women. Metagenome functional analyses revealed no significant differences between post-menopausal women and men. Gonadal steroids were specifically associated with these differences. Hence, the gut microbiota of pre-menopausal women was more enriched in genes from the steroid biosynthesis and degradation pathways, with the former having the strongest fold change among all associated pathways. Microbial steroid pathways also had significant associations with the plasma levels of testosterone and progesterone. In addition, a specific microbiome signature was able to predict the circulating testosterone levels at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. In addition, this microbiome signature could be transmitted from humans to antibiotic-induced microbiome-depleted male mice, being able to predict donor's testosterone levels 4 weeks later, implying that the microbiota profile of the recipient mouse was influenced by the donor's gender. Finally, obesity eliminated most of the differences observed among non-obese pre-menopausal women, post-menopausal women, and men in the gut microbiota composition (Bray-Curtis and weighted unifrac beta diversity), functionality, and the gonadal steroid status. CONCLUSIONS The present findings evidence clear differences in the gut microbial composition and functionality between men and women, which is eliminated by both menopausal and obesity status. We also reveal a tight link between the gut microbiota composition and the circulating levels of gonadal steroids, particularly testosterone. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques, Hospital of Girona "Dr JosepTrueta", Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), University of Girona, Carretera de França s/n, 17007, Girona, Spain
- CIBERobn Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Arnoriaga-Rodríguez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques, Hospital of Girona "Dr JosepTrueta", Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), University of Girona, Carretera de França s/n, 17007, Girona, Spain
- CIBERobn Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Luque-Córdoba
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBERfes Frailty and Healthy Aging, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Feliciano Priego-Capote
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBERfes Frailty and Healthy Aging, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Pérez-Brocal
- Department of Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO-Public Health), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Moya
- Department of Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO-Public Health), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), The University of Valencia and The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-UVEG), Valencia, Spain
| | - Aurelijus Burokas
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Present address: Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José-Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques, Hospital of Girona "Dr JosepTrueta", Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), University of Girona, Carretera de França s/n, 17007, Girona, Spain.
- CIBERobn Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Oduro-Donkor D, Turner MC, Farnaud S, Renshaw D, Kyrou I, Hanson P, Hattersley J, Weickert MO, Menon V, Randeva HS, Barber TM. Modification of fecal microbiota as a mediator of effective weight loss and metabolic benefits following bariatric surgery. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2020; 15:363-373. [PMID: 32840125 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2020.1801412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bariatric surgery (primarily Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy [LSG] and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass [RYGB]) is an efficacious and durable therapeutic option for weight loss in obesity. The mechanisms that mediate weight loss following bariatric surgery remain incompletely understood. AREAS COVERED Pubmed search of published data on fecal microbiota, metabolic health, LSG, and RYGB. The fecal microbiome plays a key role in the establishment and maintenance of metabolic wellbeing, and may also contribute (through fecal dysbiosis) to metabolic dysfunction. LSG and RYGB both result in characteristic, procedure-specific changes to the fecal microbiota that may mediate at least some of the resultant weight-loss and metabolically beneficial effects, when applied to the management of obesity. EXPERT OPINION The human fecal microbiome, containing around 100 trillion microbes, evolved over millions of years and interacts symbiotically with its human host. Rodent-based studies have provided insights into the complexities of the gut-microbiome-brain axis. This includes the important role of the gut microbiome in the mediation of normal immunological development, inflammatory pathways, metabolic functioning, hypothalamic appetite regulation, and the absorption of essential nutrients as by-products of bacterial metabolism. Fecal transformation is likely to provide an important therapeutic target for future prevention and management of obesity and metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Oduro-Donkor
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick , Coventry, UK
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire , Coventry, UK
| | - Mark C Turner
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University , Coventry, UK
| | - Sebastien Farnaud
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University , Coventry, UK
| | - Derek Renshaw
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University , Coventry, UK
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick , Coventry, UK
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire , Coventry, UK
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University , Birmingham, UK
| | - Petra Hanson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick , Coventry, UK
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire , Coventry, UK
- NIHR CRF Human Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire , Coventry, UK
| | - John Hattersley
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire , Coventry, UK
- NIHR CRF Human Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire , Coventry, UK
| | - Martin O Weickert
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick , Coventry, UK
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire , Coventry, UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University , Coventry, UK
- NIHR CRF Human Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire , Coventry, UK
| | - Vinod Menon
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick , Coventry, UK
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire , Coventry, UK
| | - Harpal S Randeva
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick , Coventry, UK
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire , Coventry, UK
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University , Birmingham, UK
- NIHR CRF Human Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire , Coventry, UK
| | - Thomas M Barber
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick , Coventry, UK
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire , Coventry, UK
- NIHR CRF Human Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire , Coventry, UK
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130
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Gut microbiota: a perspective of precision medicine in endocrine disorders. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1827-1834. [PMID: 33520863 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00593-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota composition is unique in every individual, it impacts on organ functions that produce hormones. Gut microbiota composition balance is directly related to our general health status. This continual interaction between gut microbiota and endocrine organs sometimes can be considered as the etiology of diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, osteoporosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and thyroid diseases. Microbiota is introduced for a total collection of microbial organisms in our bodies and microbiome referred for their genome and their collective functions. Near 100 trillion microorganisms live in our body and almost all of them occupy the human gut gastrointestinal tract. Precision medicine can play a crucial role in health maintenance by affecting gut microbiota composition in every individual. It can also develop special treatments specifically for every individual. In this review, we addressed any correlation between gut microbiota and endocrine disorders including T2DM, obesity, PCOS, thyroid disorders and osteoporosis.
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Huang X, Wu B, Chen M, Hong L, Kong P, Wei Z, Teng X. Depletion of exosomal circLDLR in follicle fluid derepresses miR-1294 function and inhibits estradiol production via CYP19A1 in polycystic ovary syndrome. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:15414-15435. [PMID: 32651991 PMCID: PMC7467373 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder in reproductive women and is characterized by polycystic ovaries, hyperandrogenism and chronic anovulation. Abnormal folliculogenesis is considered as a common characteristic of PCOS. Our aim is to identify the altered circRNA expression profile in exosomes isolated from follicular fluid (FF) of PCOS patients to investigate the molecular function of exosomal circRNA, as a vital mediator in follicular microenvironment, in the aetiology and pathobiology of PCOS. In this study, the circRNA expression profile of FF exosomes were compared between PCOS and control patients by RNA sequencing (N=5 vs 5). Sixteen circRNAs showed significantly different expression. GO and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that their parental genes were enriched in PCOS-related pathways, including ovarian steroidogenesis, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, and Jak-STAT signaling. Among sixteen differentially expressed circRNAs, hsa_circ_0006877 (circLDLR) was processed from its parental LDLR (low density lipoprotein receptor) transcript, which participated in ovarian steroidogenesis. Its depletion in PCOS FF exosomes was further verified in an additional cohort (N=25 vs 25) by qRT-PCR. And a circLDLR-miR-1294-CYP19A1 competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was predicted by cytoscape software, and confirmed by luciferase assay and correlative expression in the cumulus cells of PCOS patients. Mechanistically, the intercellular transfer of functional circLDLR assay and its withdrawal experiments in KGN cells showed that depleting circLDLR in exosomes increased miR-1294 expression and inhibited CYP19A1 expression in recipient cells, as well as reduced their estrogen (E2) secretion. Our findings revealed a ceRNA network of circLDLR and provided new information on abnormal follicle development in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, and Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bi Wu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, and Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaoxin Chen
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, and Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Hong
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, and Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Kong
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, and Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Wei
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, and Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Teng
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, and Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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132
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Hong X, Qin P, Huang K, Ding X, Ma J, Xuan Y, Zhu X, Peng D, Wang B. Association between polycystic ovary syndrome and the vaginal microbiome: A case-control study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2020; 93:52-60. [PMID: 32311120 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age. Some evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota could be associated with PCOS clinical parameters, but little is known for the association between vaginal microbiome and PCOS. OBJECTIVE To determine differences in the vaginal microbiome between women with PCOS and healthy control women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this case-control study, the women with newly diagnosed PCOS (n = 39) and healthy controls (n = 40) were included from the hospital and maternal and child health centre, respectively. The vaginal swabs were collected, and microbiome structures were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The screening values for potential bacteria biomarker for PCOS were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method. RESULTS There was significant difference in vaginal bacterial structures between PCOS and healthy control women. The vaginal bacterial species in the PCOS group were more diverse than the control group (Simpson index for PCOS group vs. control group: median 0.49 vs. 0.80, P = .008; Shannon index: median 1.07 vs. 0.44, P = .003; Chao1 index: median 85.12 vs. 66.13, P < .001). The relative abundance of Lactobacillus crispatus in the PCOS group was significantly lower than controls (P = .001), and the relative abundance of Mycoplasma and Prevotella was higher than controls (P < .001, P = .002, respectively). The Mycoplasma genus could be a potential biomarker for PCOS screening, as ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for the relative abundance of Mycoplasma was 0.958 (95% CI: 0.901-0.999). Subgroup analyses also showed these associations would not change among the women with the same BMI level and vagina cleanliness grading. CONCLUSIONS In the vaginal microbiome, the Mycoplasma genus was associated with PCOS. Further research is required to explore causal correlations between PCOS and the vaginal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhong Da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaiping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoling Ding
- Maternal and Child Health Center of Gulou District, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danhong Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhong Da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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He FF, Li YM. Role of gut microbiota in the development of insulin resistance and the mechanism underlying polycystic ovary syndrome: a review. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:73. [PMID: 32552864 PMCID: PMC7301991 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder. Typically, it is characterized by hirsutism, hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, menstrual disorders and infertility. To date, its pathogenesis remains unclear. However, insulin resistance (IR) is considered as the primary pathological basis for its reproductive dysfunction. On the other hand, a condition in which insulin is over-secreted is called hyperinsulinemia. IR/Hyperinsulinemia is associated with chronic inflammation, hormonal changes, follicular dysplasia, endometrial receptivity changes, and abortion or infertility. Additionally, it increases incidence of complications during pregnancy and has been associated with anxiety, depression, and other psychological disorders. Gut microbiota, the "second genome" acquired by the human body, can promote metabolism, immune response through interaction with the external environment. Gut microbiota dysbiosis can cause IR, which is closely linked to the occurrence of PCOS. This article reviewed recent findings on the roles of gut microbiota in the development of insulin resistance and the mechanism underlying polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang He
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Xiangya Hospital affiliated Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Mei Li
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Xiangya Hospital affiliated Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.
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134
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Doretto L, Mari FC, Chaves AC. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Psychotic Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:543. [PMID: 32587538 PMCID: PMC7297942 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a disease that usually emerges during adolescence, is characterized by hormonal imbalance and ovarian dysfunction. The prevalence can vary between 5.6 to 21.3% in women and 6% in adolescent girls. This discrepancy is related to the population studied and the diagnostic criteria used. The underlying pathophysiology of PCOS is not fully understood, but it can lead to a number of co-morbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and also, mental health disorders. Clinical and preclinical data indicate neuroendocrine involvement with dysfunction in gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling and neuronal androgen receptors that might reduce hypothalamic sensitivity and lead to an impairment of estradiol and progesterone feedback. Based on these assumptions, the aims of this paper are to review the association of PCOS and psychotic disorders in order to address the burden of women comorbid for both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Doretto
- First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cristina Chaves
- First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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135
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Jobira B, Frank DN, Pyle L, Silveira LJ, Kelsey MM, Garcia-Reyes Y, Robertson CE, Ir D, Nadeau KJ, Cree-Green M. Obese Adolescents With PCOS Have Altered Biodiversity and Relative Abundance in Gastrointestinal Microbiota. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:dgz263. [PMID: 31970418 PMCID: PMC7147870 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Alterations in gut microbiota relate to the metabolic syndrome, but have not been examined in at-risk obese youth with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). OBJECTIVE Compare the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota and associations with metabolic and hormonal measures between 2 groups of female adolescents with equal obesity with or without PCOS. DESIGN Prospective, case-control cross-sectional study. SETTING Tertiary-care center. PARTICIPANTS A total of 58 obese female adolescents (n = 37 with PCOS; 16.1 ± 0.3 years of age; body mass index [BMI] 98.5th percentile) and (n = 21 without PCOS; 14.5 ± 0.4 years of age; BMI 98.7th percentile). OUTCOMES Bacterial diversity, percent relative abundance (%RA), and correlations with hormonal and metabolic measures. RESULTS Participants with PCOS had decreased α-diversity compared with the non-PCOS group (Shannon diversity P = 0.045 and evenness P = 0.0052). β-diversity, reflecting overall microbial composition, differed between groups (P < 0.001). PCOS had higher %RA of phyla Actinobacteria (P = 0.027), lower Bacteroidetes (P = 0.004), and similar Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. PCOS had lower %RA of families Bacteroidaceae (P < 0.001) and Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.024) and higher Streptococcaceae (P = 0.047). Lower bacterial α-diversity was strongly associated with higher testosterone concentrations. Several individual taxa correlated with testosterone and metabolic measures within PCOS and across the entire cohort. Receiver operative curve analysis showed 6 taxa for which the %RA related to PCOS status and lower Bacteroidaceae conferred a 4.4-fold likelihood ratio for PCOS. CONCLUSION Alterations in the gut microbiota exist in obese adolescents with PCOS versus obese adolescents without PCOS and these changes relate to markers of metabolic disease and testosterone. Further work is needed to determine if microbiota changes are reflective of, or influencing, hormonal metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beza Jobira
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Daniel N Frank
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lori J Silveira
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Megan M Kelsey
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Center for Women’s Health Research; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Yesenia Garcia-Reyes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Charles E Robertson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Diana Ir
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kristen J Nadeau
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Center for Women’s Health Research; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Melanie Cree-Green
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Center for Women’s Health Research; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Alizadehmohajer N, Shojaeifar S, Nedaeinia R, Esparvarinha M, Mohammadi F, Ferns GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Manian M, Balouchi A. Association between the microbiota and women's cancers - Cause or consequences? Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110203. [PMID: 32559847 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast, ovarian and uterine cancers are the most common neoplasms among women. Several mechanisms may be involved in oncogenesis and these include environmental and genetic factors. Bacteria may affect the development of some cancers, with bacterial components, their products and metabolites interacting with susceptible tissues. Commensalism and dysbiosis are important potential mechanisms involved in oncogenesis, and an effective strategy for diagnosis and treatment is required. The purpose of this review was to analyze the complex associations between these cancers in women, and the microbiota, specifically bacterial microbes. However, several cancers have an increased prevalence among individuals with HIV and HPV so the relationship between viral infections and malignancies in women is also referred to. We described how different phylum of bacteria, particularly in the gut, mammary tissue and vaginal microbiome may be involved in carcinogenesis; and we discuss the potential pathways involved: (I), that lead to cell proliferation, (II), immune system perturbation, (III), cell metabolic changes (e.g., hormonal factors), and (IV), DNA damage. Studies investigating the differences between the composition of the bacterial microbiota of healthy women compared to that present in various conditions, and the clinical trials are summarized for the few studies that have addressed the microbiota and related conditions, are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Alizadehmohajer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Samaneh Shojaeifar
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Reza Nedaeinia
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojgan Esparvarinha
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Forogh Mohammadi
- Department of Veterinary, Agriculture Faculty, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Manian
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Adele Balouchi
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran.
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137
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Therapy with probiotics and synbiotics for polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:2841-2856. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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138
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High-throughput sequencing study of the effect of transabdominal hysterectomy on intestinal flora in patients with uterine fibroids. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:98. [PMID: 32299359 PMCID: PMC7161020 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effect of transabdominal hysterectomy on the diversity of the intestinal flora in patients with uterine fibroids. Patients with uterine fibroids were selected from September 2018 to December 2018, in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, and stool specimens were collected from patients before and after surgery. RESULTS High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to detect the changes in microbial community structure and diversity, and the effects of total hysterectomy on the intestinal flora were further analyzed. Estrogen levels decreased after trans-abdominal hysterectomy. High-throughput sequencing showed that after abdominal hysterectomy, the abundance and diversity of the intestinal flora decreased. The abundance changes were mainly due to Proteobacteria, where their abundance increased. CONCLUSIONS Trans-abdominal hysterectomy changes the intestinal flora of the body by lowering the level of estrogen in the body, which reduces the diversity and abundance of the intestinal flora.
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139
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Karimi E, Heshmati J, Shirzad N, Vesali S, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Moini A, Sepidarkish M. The effect of synbiotics supplementation on anthropometric indicators and lipid profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:60. [PMID: 32248805 PMCID: PMC7132870 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Different therapies have been suggested for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but changes in lifestyle and diet have been considered. Diet and dietary factors can be very effective in modifying the disease. The positive effects of probiotic and synbiotics supplementation on improving lipid profiles and anthropometric indices have been examined in various diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of synbiotics supplementation on lipid and anthropometric profiles in infertile women with PCOS. Methods PCOS patients aged 19–37 years old were randomized to receive either synbiotics supplement (n = 50) or placebo (n = 49) for 12 weeks. Results Consumption of synbiotics compared to the placebo, resulted in a significant decrease in Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) value (Change Mean Difference (CMD): 4.66, 95%CI: 0.20, 9.13) and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (CMD: 1.80, 95%CI: 0.34, 3.26). Although we failed to find a significant effect of synbiotics consumption on total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels. We did not find differences in anthropometric indices between groups. Conclusions Overall, 12 weeks of synbiotics supplementation among PCOS women resulted in beneficial effects on LDL and HDL, although it is not yet clear how much our findings are clinically significant and more clinical studies with larger sample sizes are still needed. Trial registration Iranian Registry of clinical Trial, IRCT.ir, ID: IRCT2014110515536N2. Registered on 19 December 2015. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Karimi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Research Development Center, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nooshin Shirzad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Vesali
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Interdisciplinary Research in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Discipline of Medicine, Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ashraf Moini
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Roointan-Arash Maternity Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Esmaeilinezhad Z, Barati-Boldaji R, Brett NR, de Zepetnek JOT, Bellissimo N, Babajafari S, Sohrabi Z. The effect of synbiotics pomegranate juice on cardiovascular risk factors in PCOS patients: a randomized, triple-blinded, controlled trial. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:539-548. [PMID: 31713129 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common metabolic and endocrine disorders. Functional foods like pomegranate and probiotics are those that are considered to have beneficial effects on metabolic diseases beyond their basic nutritional value. So, we aimed to evaluate the effect of synbiotic pomegranate juice (SPJ) on cardiovascular risk factors on PCOS patients. METHODS This was a randomized, triple-blinded, 8-week trial. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 300 mL/day of pomegranate juice (PJ), synbiotic beverage (SB), synbiotic pomegranate juice (SPJ), or placebo beverage (PB). Biochemical indices (lipid profile, Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Malondialdehyde (MDA), high sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP)) and blood pressure were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS Participants in the PJ, SB, and SPJ groups experienced improvement in their lipid profile, oxidative stress, inflammation, and blood pressure during the time. Compared to placebo, Total Cholesterol (TC) was lower in the SB group (P < 0.01), LDL-c was lower in the SPJ and SB groups (P < 0.01), and HDL-c was higher in the SPJ and PJ groups (P < 0.01). With regards to oxidative stress and inflammation, when compared with placebo, MDA was lower in the SPJ, SB, and PJ groups (P < 0.001), TAC was increased in the SPJ and PJ groups (P[Formula: see text] 0.001), and hs-CRP was decreased in the PJ group (P = 0.02). Blood pressure (BP) was lower in the SPJ and PJ groups compared to placebo (P < 0.001; P < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Consuming daily SPJ for 8 weeks improved metabolic, oxidative, inflammatory, and BP outcomes in females with PCOS. This trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20170207032439N2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Esmaeilinezhad
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Razi Blvd, Shiraz, Iran
| | - R Barati-Boldaji
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Razi Blvd, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N R Brett
- School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J O T de Zepetnek
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - N Bellissimo
- School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Babajafari
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Razi Blvd, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Z Sohrabi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Razi Blvd, Shiraz, Iran
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141
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Liang Y, Ming Q, Liang J, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Shen T. Gut microbiota dysbiosis in polycystic ovary syndrome: association with obesity - a preliminary report. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:803-809. [PMID: 32150694 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to explore if and how the microbiota changed in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women compared with healthy women. Eight obese PCOS (PO group), 10 nonobese PCOS (PN group), and nine healthy normal weight women (control) (C group) were enrolled. Insulin (INS), testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen (E2), and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were detected with radioimmunoassay. Antimullerian hormone (AMH), fasting glucose, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were determined by a chemiluminescence immunoassay, glucose oxidase method, and HPLC, respectively. Gut microbiota composition was evaluated by PCR. Alpha diversity was assessed using Chao1 and the Shannon index. PCOS women showed significantly higher T, LH, and LH/FSH and lower FSH levels than the C group (p < 0.05). The AMH level was significantly higher in the PO than in the PN group (p < 0.05). The PO group presented a significantly higher fasting INS level and HMOA-IR scores than the other groups, lower observed SVs and alpha diversity than the C group, higher beta diversity than the PN group (p < 0.05), and decreased abundances of genera (mainly butyrate producers). Regression analysis showed that decreased abundances of several genera were correlated with higher circulating T and impaired glucose metabolism. PCOS is associated with changes in the gut microbiota composition. Obesity has a driving role in the development of dysbiotic gut microbiota in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjiao Liang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210009.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210009
| | - Qi Ming
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210009.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210009
| | - Jinlan Liang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210009.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210009
| | - Yan Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210009.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210009
| | - Hong Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210009.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210009
| | - Tao Shen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210009.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210009
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142
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Zhao X, Jiang Y, Xi H, Chen L, Feng X. Exploration of the Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): a Review. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020; 80:161-171. [PMID: 32109968 PMCID: PMC7035130 DOI: 10.1055/a-1081-2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic syndrome (MS) with a complex etiology, and its pathogenesis is not yet clear. In recent years, the correlation between gut microbiota (GM) and metabolic disease has become a hot topic in research, leading to a number of new ideas about the etiology and pathological mechanisms of PCOS. The literature shows that GM can cause insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, chronic inflammation and metabolic syndrome (obesity, diabetes) and may contribute to the development of PCOS by influencing energy absorption, the pathways of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), lipopolysaccharides, choline and bile acids, intestinal permeability and the brain-gut axis. As part of the treatment of PCOS, fecal microbiota transplantation, supplementation with prebiotics and traditional Chinese medicine can be used to regulate GM and treat disorders. This article reviews possible mechanisms and treatment options for PCOS, based on methods which target the GM, and offers new ideas for the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zhao
- Department of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuepeng Jiang
- Department of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Hongyan Xi
- Department of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaoling Feng
- Department of First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
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143
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Chu W, Zhai J, Xu J, Li S, Li W, Chen ZJ, Du Y. Continuous Light-Induced PCOS-Like Changes in Reproduction, Metabolism, and Gut Microbiota in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3145. [PMID: 32038578 PMCID: PMC6990112 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors contributes to the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. Circadian rhythm disruption is an important risk factor for PCOS. In this study, we evaluated the effect of circadian disorder on reproduction as well as metabolism, and determined its influence on gut microbiota in a rat model. Female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were kept under continuous light exposure (12-h:12-h light/light cycle, L/L group) or a control cycle (12-h:12-h light/dark cycle, L/D group) for four consecutive weeks. Manifestations in endocrine hormones and metabolism were detected and gut microbiota were analyzed with the 16s rRNA gene sequencing technique. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report PCOS-like reproductive manifestation, such as anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) elevation induced by continuous light exposure. Moreover, continuous light resulted in abnormal glucose metabolism and gut microbial community variations, including enrichment of the microbial genus of Parasutterella and reduced abundance of genus Corynebacterium, genus Odoribacter, and genus Acinetobacter. Increased Parasutterella abundance was positively correlated with serum testosterone level. A PICRUSt analysis revealed that reproductive and metabolic-related genes were enriched in rats of L/D group. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that continuous light exposure, an important environmental factor, contributes to the occurrence and developmental progress of PCOS and changes in microbial component and structure. Continuous light exposure is one of vital causes of PCOS, which is closely related to microbial structure and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Zhai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieying Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Shang Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of the Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yanzhi Du
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
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144
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Lin J, Nie X, Xiong Y, Gong Z, Chen J, Chen C, Huang Y, Liu T. Fisetin regulates gut microbiota to decrease CCR9 +/CXCR3 +/CD4 + T-lymphocyte count and IL-12 secretion to alleviate premature ovarian failure in mice. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:203-247. [PMID: 32051749 PMCID: PMC7013230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there are no studies reporting the efficacy of fisetin in premature ovarian failure (POF). In this study, using mouse and Caenorhabditis elegans models, we found that fisetin not only significantly reversed ovarian damage in POF mice, but also effectively increased C. elegans lifespan and fertility. Subsequently, we carried out 16S rRNA v3+v4 sequencing using fresh feces samples from each group of mice. Results showed that although there was no significant difference in the number of gut microbiomes between the different groups of mice, fisetin affected the diversity and distribution of gut microbiota in POF mice. Alpha and beta diversity analyses showed that in the gut of POF mice in the fisetin group, the bacterial count of uncultured_bacterium_f_Lachnospiraceae was significantly increased, while that of Akkermansia was significantly decreased. Finally, flow cytometry analysis showed that the numbers of CCR9+/CXCR3+/CD4+ T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of POF mice in the fisetin group were significantly reduced, along with the number of CD4+/interleukin (IL)-12+ cells. Therefore, our data suggested that fisetin regulates the distribution and bacterial counts of Akkermansia and uncultured_bacterium_f_Lachnospiracea in POF mice, and reduces peripheral blood CCR9+/CXCR3+/CD4+ T-lymphocyte count and IL-12 secretion to regulate the ovarian microenvironment and reduce inflammation, thus exerting therapeutic effects against POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Lin
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Nie
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Zhangbin Gong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Jiulin Chen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China
| | | | - Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China
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145
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Xu K, Bai M, Liu H, Duan Y, Zhou X, Wu X, Liao P, Li T, Yin Y. Gut microbiota and blood metabolomics in weaning multiparous sows: Associations with oestrous. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1155-1168. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Ecology Institute of Subtropical Agriculture The Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production Institute of Subtropical Agriculture The Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha China
| | - Miaomiao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Ecology Institute of Subtropical Agriculture The Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production Institute of Subtropical Agriculture The Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha China
- College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Hongnan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Ecology Institute of Subtropical Agriculture The Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production Institute of Subtropical Agriculture The Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Ecology Institute of Subtropical Agriculture The Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production Institute of Subtropical Agriculture The Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Ecology Institute of Subtropical Agriculture The Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production Institute of Subtropical Agriculture The Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha China
| | - Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Ecology Institute of Subtropical Agriculture The Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production Institute of Subtropical Agriculture The Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha China
| | - Peng Liao
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Ecology Institute of Subtropical Agriculture The Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production Institute of Subtropical Agriculture The Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Ecology Institute of Subtropical Agriculture The Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production Institute of Subtropical Agriculture The Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Ecology Institute of Subtropical Agriculture The Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production Institute of Subtropical Agriculture The Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha China
- College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Kondarl Agro‐pastoral Technology Co., Ltd. Dongguan China
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146
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Zhu Y, Li Y, Liu M, Hu X, Zhu H. Guizhi Fuling Wan, Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ameliorates Insulin Sensitivity in PCOS Model Rats With Insulin Resistance via Remodeling Intestinal Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:575. [PMID: 32973686 PMCID: PMC7482315 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease with reproductive dysfunction and metabolic disorder in women of childbearing age. Gastrointestinal microbiome contributes to PCOS through mediating insulin resistance. Guizhi Fuling Wan, Chinese herbal medicine, can treat PCOS with insulin resistance (PCOS-IR), but the underlying mechanism is not clear. The aim of this study was to characterize the exact mechanism of Guizhi Fuling Wan action and whether it is related to the regulation of intestinal flora structure. We induced PCOS-IR rat model by means of letrozole sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-na) solution combined with high-fat emulsion administration and randomly divided it into blank control group (K), model control group (M), low dose of Guizhi Fuling Wan group (D), middle dose of Guizhi Fuling Wan group (Z), high dose of Guizhi Fuling Wan group (G) and positive drug (Metformin) control group (Y). After 36 days of modeling and treatment, serum and stool samples from all rats were collected for a follow-up analysis. The data display that, compared with K group, elevated testosterone and HOMA-IR, turbulent estrous cycles and polycystic ovaries in M group, indicating the PCOS-IR rat model is successfully established. Increased fasting insulin is associated with higher inflammation(plasma TNF-α, IL-6, and HS-CPR concentration were determined) in M group, and the altered intestinal flora (compared with the K group, in M group the relative abundance of Alloprevotella was decreased significantly, while the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae UCG-008, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136, Lactobacillus, Ruminiclostridium 9, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-003 was increased significantly) induced the secretion of inflammatory markers. On the other hand, Guizhi Fuling Wan can alleviate inflammation, improve insulin resistence: Lower inflammation decreased fasting insulin can be seen in G group compared with M group, this effect is related to the regulating effect of Guizhi Fuling Wan on intestinal flora (in G group, the relative abundance of Alloprevotella, Ruminococcaceae UCG-003, and Lachnospiraceae UCG-008 was increased significantly, compared with M group). This research demonstrates Guizhi Fuling Wan improve insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome with the underlying mechanism of regulating intestinal flora to control inflammation. It would be useful to promote the therapeutic effect of Guizhi Fuling Wan on PCOS-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- School of Clinical Medical, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Li
- School of Clinical Medical, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Clinical Medical, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - XiaoDan Hu
- School of Clinical Medical, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongqiu Zhu
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Hongqiu Zhu
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147
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Wang T, Sha L, Li Y, Zhu L, Wang Z, Li K, Lu H, Bao T, Guo L, Zhang X, Wang H. Dietary α-Linolenic Acid-Rich Flaxseed Oil Exerts Beneficial Effects on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Through Sex Steroid Hormones-Microbiota-Inflammation Axis in Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:284. [PMID: 32670195 PMCID: PMC7326049 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) represents a common endocrine-metabolic disorder disease with chronic low-grade inflammation and alteration of intestinal flora. Serving as functional food, flaxseed oil (FO), which is rich in plant-derived α-linolenic acid of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, has been proven to benefit for chronic metabolic diseases. However, the exact role of dietary FO on PCOS remains largely unclear. In the present study, 6-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (eight rats/group), including (a) pair-fed (PF) control (CON) group (PF/CON), (b) FO-fed CON group (FO/CON), (c) PF with letrozole-induced PCOS model (MOD) group (PF/MOD), and (d) FO-fed MOD group (FO/MOD). All rats were fed a standard diet. After 3 weeks of modeling and subsequent 8 weeks of treatment, the rats in diverse groups were euthanized and associated indications were investigated. The results showed that dietary FO ameliorated the disorder of estrous cycle and ovarian morphology. In parallel, dietary FO improved the sex steroid hormone disturbance (luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone, estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone), body weights, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Moreover, FO treatment improved plasma and ovary inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Additionally, FO intervention significantly modulated the composition of gut microbiota and vaginal microbiota by increasing the abundances of Allobaculum, Lactobacillus, Butyrivibrio, Desulfovibrio, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Parabacteroides as well as decreasing the abundances of Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, and Streptococcus, the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes. A decrease in plasma lipopolysaccharide level and an increase in short-chain fatty acids, including acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and pentanoic acid, were determined after dietary FO supplementation. Correlation analysis revealed close relationships among sex steroid hormones, inflammation, and gut/vaginal microbiota. Collectively, this study demonstrated that dietary FO ameliorated PCOS through the sex steroid hormones-microbiota-inflammation axis in rats, which may contribute to the understanding of pathogenesis and potentially serve as an inexpensive intervention in the control of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Liping Sha
- Endocrinology Department, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Endocrinology Department, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ke Li
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Haixia Lu
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ting Bao
- Endocrinology Department, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxia Zhang
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Hao Wang
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148
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Jaggar M, Rea K, Spichak S, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. You've got male: Sex and the microbiota-gut-brain axis across the lifespan. Front Neuroendocrinol 2020; 56:100815. [PMID: 31805290 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sex is a critical factor in the diagnosis and development of a number of mental health disorders including autism, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, anorexia nervosa and others; likely due to differences in sex steroid hormones and genetics. Recent evidence suggests that sex can also influence the complexity and diversity of microbes that we harbour in our gut; and reciprocally that our gut microbes can directly and indirectly influence sex steroid hormones and central gene activation. There is a growing emphasis on the role of gastrointestinal microbiota in the maintenance of mental health and their role in the pathogenesis of disease. In this review, we introduce mechanisms by which gastrointestinal microbiota are thought to mediate positive health benefits along the gut-brain axis, we report how they may be modulated by sex, the role they play in sex steroid hormone regulation, and their sex-specific effects in various disorders relating to mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minal Jaggar
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran Rea
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Simon Spichak
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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149
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Zhou L, Ni Z, Yu J, Cheng W, Cai Z, Yu C. Correlation Between Fecal Metabolomics and Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:628. [PMID: 33013704 PMCID: PMC7505924 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between the fecal metabolites and gut microbiota in obese patients with PCOS and provide a new strategy to elucidate the pathological mechanism of obesity and PCOS. Methods: The fecal samples of obese patients with PCOS (n = 18) and obese women without PCOS (n = 15) were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. The peripheral venous blood of all subjects was collected to detect serum sex hormones. The association among fecal metabolites, gut microbiota, and serum sex hormones was analyzed with the R language. Results: A total of 122 named differential fecal metabolites and 18 enrichment KEGG pathways were obtained between the groups. Seven fecal metabolites can be used as characteristic metabolites, including DHEA sulfate. The richness and diversity of gut microbiota in the obese PCOS group were lower than those in the control group. Lachnoclostridium, Fusobacterium, Coprococcus_2, and Tyzzerela 4 were the characteristic genera of the obese patients with PCOS. Serum T level significantly and positively correlated with the abundance of fecal DHEA sulfate (p < 0.05), and serum DHEAS level significantly and negatively correlated with the abundance of fecal teasterone (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Specific fecal metabolites may be used as characteristic metabolites for obese patients with PCOS. The closely relationship among gut microbiota, fecal metabolites, and serum sex hormones may play a role in the related changes caused by hyperandrogenemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhexin Ni
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zailong Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zailong Cai
| | - Chaoqin Yu
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Chaoqin Yu
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150
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Quaranta G, Sanguinetti M, Masucci L. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: A Potential Tool for Treatment of Human Female Reproductive Tract Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2653. [PMID: 31827467 PMCID: PMC6890827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastro-intestinal tract is an extensive organ involved in several activities, with a crucial role in immunity. Billions of commensal and transient microorganisms, known as the gut microbiota, and potential pathogens, which are constantly stimulating intestinal immunity, colonize the intestinal epithelial surface. The gut microbiota may be regarded as analogous to a solid organ with multiple different functions. In the last decade, many studies have demonstrated that intestinal bacteria can be a decisive factor in the health-disease balance of the intestine, and they can also be responsible for illnesses in other locations. For this reason, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) represents an important therapeutic option for Clostridium difficile infections and hold promise for different clinical conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, autism, obesity, and other systemic diseases. FMT consists of the infusion of a fecal suspension from a healthy donor to a recipient in order to restore gut flora alterations. Similar to the gut, the female reproductive tract is an example of a very complex biological ecosystem. Recent studies indicate a possible relationship between the gut and female tract microbiota, associating specific intestinal bacteria patterns with genital female diseases, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis and bacterial vaginosis (BV). FMT could represent a potential innovative treatment option in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Quaranta
- Istituto di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Istituto di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Masucci
- Istituto di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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