101
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17β-Estradiol Directly Lowers Mitochondrial Membrane Microviscosity and Improves Bioenergetic Function in Skeletal Muscle. Cell Metab 2018; 27:167-179.e7. [PMID: 29103922 PMCID: PMC5762397 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Menopause results in a progressive decline in 17β-estradiol (E2) levels, increased adiposity, decreased insulin sensitivity, and a higher risk for type 2 diabetes. Estrogen therapies can help reverse these effects, but the mechanism(s) by which E2 modulates susceptibility to metabolic disease is not well understood. In young C57BL/6N mice, short-term ovariectomy decreased-whereas E2 therapy restored-mitochondrial respiratory function, cellular redox state (GSH/GSSG), and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. E2 was detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in mitochondrial membranes and varied according to whole-body E2 status independently of ERα. Loss of E2 increased mitochondrial membrane microviscosity and H2O2 emitting potential, whereas E2 administration in vivo and in vitro restored membrane E2 content, microviscosity, complex I and I + III activities, H2O2 emitting potential, and submaximal OXPHOS responsiveness. These findings demonstrate that E2 directly modulates membrane biophysical properties and bioenergetic function in mitochondria, offering a direct mechanism by which E2 status broadly influences energy homeostasis.
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102
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Hernandez-Leon A, De la Luz-Cuellar YE, Granados-Soto V, González-Trujano ME, Fernández-Guasti A. Sex differences and estradiol involvement in hyperalgesia and allodynia in an experimental model of fibromyalgia. Horm Behav 2018; 97:39-46. [PMID: 29080671 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a musculoskeletal chronic pain syndrome. Its prevalence in women is higher than in men possibly by hormonal factors given that symptoms are aggravated during sex hormone-related events, such as the premenstrual period, pregnancy, postpartum or menopause. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether hyperalgesia and allodynia, in reserpine-induced experimental FM, depend on sex, estrous cycle, ovariectomy and replacement with 17β-estradiol. To fulfill this objective, we compared males, intact females with known estrous cycle phases and ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with 17β-estradiol. Data demonstrated that reserpine administration disrupted the normal estrous cycle and produced that all females entered metestrus/diestrus. In addition, this treatment leads to muscle hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia in a similar manner in male and intact female rats. However, the absence of ovarian hormones (in OVX rats) increased muscle nociception. 17β-estradiol (2.5-10μg/rat) produced antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic effects 24h, but not 8h, after its administration, suggesting a genomic mechanism. The present results support the validity of the reserpine-induced FM model for searching alternatives of treatment, particularly during endocrine phases when pain is exacerbated such as menopause, and that 17β-estradiol replacement might be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Hernandez-Leon
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Unidad Coapa, Calz. De los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, 14330 Mexico City, Mexico; Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo, Huipulco, 14370 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yarim Elideth De la Luz-Cuellar
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Unidad Coapa, Calz. De los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vinicio Granados-Soto
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Unidad Coapa, Calz. De los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo, Huipulco, 14370 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alonso Fernández-Guasti
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Unidad Coapa, Calz. De los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, 14330 Mexico City, Mexico.
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103
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Cordeira J, Kolluru SS, Rosenblatt H, Kry J, Strecker RE, McCarley RW. Learning and memory are impaired in the object recognition task during metestrus/diestrus and after sleep deprivation. Behav Brain Res 2017; 339:124-129. [PMID: 29180134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Females are an under-represented research model and the mechanisms through which sleep loss impairs cognition are not clear. Since levels of reproductive hormones and the estrous cycle are sensitive to sleep loss and necessary for learning and memory, we hypothesized that sleep deprivation impacts learning and memory in female mice by interfering with the estrous cycle. We used the object recognition task to assess learning and memory in female mice during separate phases of the estrous cycle and after sleep loss. Mice in metestrus/diestrus attended to sample objects less than mice in proestrus/estrus during object acquisition, the first phase of the object recognition task. Subsequently, during the recognition phase of the task, only mice in proestrus/estrus displayed a preference for the novel object. Sleep deprivation for 12h immediately before the object recognition task reduced time attending to sample objects and novel object preference for mice in proestrus/estrus, without changing length of the estrous cycle. These results show that sleep deprived mice in proestrus/estrus had learning deficits and memory impairments, like mice in metestrus/diestrus. Since sleep deprivation did not disrupt the estrous cycle, however, results did not support the hypothesis. Cognitive impairments due to acute sleep loss were not due to alterations to the estrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Cordeira
- Department of Biological & EnvironmentalSciences, Western Connecticut State University, Danbury, CT, USA.
| | - Sai Saroja Kolluru
- Department of Biological & EnvironmentalSciences, Western Connecticut State University, Danbury, CT, USA
| | - Heather Rosenblatt
- Department of Biological & EnvironmentalSciences, Western Connecticut State University, Danbury, CT, USA
| | - Jenny Kry
- Department of Biological & EnvironmentalSciences, Western Connecticut State University, Danbury, CT, USA
| | - Robert E Strecker
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA
| | - Robert W McCarley
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA 02301, USA
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104
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Frequency of Human CD45+ Target Cells is a Key Determinant of Intravaginal HIV-1 Infection in Humanized Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15263. [PMID: 29127409 PMCID: PMC5681573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 40% of HIV-1 infections occur in the female genital tract (FGT), primarily through heterosexual transmission. FGT factors determining outcome of HIV-1 exposure are incompletely understood, limiting prevention strategies. Here, humanized NOD-Rag1−/− γc−/− mice differentially reconstituted with human CD34+ -enriched hematopoietic stem cells (Hu-mice), were used to assess target cell frequency and viral inoculation dose as determinants of HIV-1 infection following intravaginal (IVAG) challenge. Results revealed a significant correlation between HIV-1 susceptibility and hCD45+ target cells in the blood, which correlated with presence of target cells in the FGT, in the absence of local inflammation. HIV-1 plasma load was associated with viral dose at inoculation and frequency of target cells. Events following IVAG HIV-1 infection; viral dissemination and CD4 depletion, were not affected by these parameters. Following IVAG inoculation, HIV-1 titres peaked, then declined in vaginal lavage while plasma showed a reciprocal pattern. The greatest frequency of HIV-1-infected (p24+) cells were found one week post-infection in the FGT versus blood and spleen, suggesting local viral amplification. Five weeks post-infection, HIV-1 disseminated into systemic tissues, in a dose-dependent manner, followed by depletion of hCD45+ CD3+ CD4+ cells. Results indicate target cell frequency in the Hu-mouse FGT is a key determinant of HIV-1 infection, which might provide a useful target for prophylaxis in women.
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105
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Brandt LP, Albers J, Hejhal T, Catalano A, Wild PJ, Frew IJ. Oncogenic HrasG12V expression plus knockdown of Cdkn2a using ecotropic lentiviral vectors induces high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186102. [PMID: 28982163 PMCID: PMC5628932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The uterine corpus represents the most common site for tumour development in the female genital system. Uterine neoplasms are categorised as epithelial, mesenchymal, mixed epithelial-mesenchymal or trophoblastic tumours. In this study we employed a mouse genetic approach using the MuLE lentiviral gene regulatory system to functionally test the ability of ecotropic lentiviruses to model epithelial and mesenchymal uterine malignancies ex vivo and in vivo. We discovered that MuLE lentiviruses efficiently infect uterine stromal cells but not endometrial epithelial cells when injected into the uterus of cycling, pseudopregnant or ovarectomized mice. Consistent with this cellular infection spectrum, we show that intra-uterine injection of ecotropic MuLE viruses expressing oncogenic HrasG12V together with knockdown of Cdkn2a induce high-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas. These findings establish this approach as an efficient method of generating autochthonous mouse models of uterine sarcomas and in general for performing genetic manipulations of uterine stromal cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura P. Brandt
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Albers
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Hejhal
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonella Catalano
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter J. Wild
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ian J. Frew
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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106
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Ong YR, Cousins FL, Yang X, Mushafi AAAA, Breault DT, Gargett CE, Deane JA. Bone Marrow Stem Cells Do Not Contribute to Endometrial Cell Lineages in Chimeric Mouse Models. Stem Cells 2017; 36:91-102. [PMID: 28913973 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Studies from five independent laboratories conclude that bone marrow stem cells transdifferentiate into endometrial stroma, epithelium, and endothelium. We investigated the nature of bone marrow-derived cells in the mouse endometrium by reconstituting irradiated wild type recipients with bone marrow containing transgenic mTert-green fluorescent protein (GFP) or chicken β-actin (Ch β-actin)-GFP reporters. mTert-GFP is a telomerase marker identifying hematopoietic stem cells and subpopulations of epithelial, endothelial, and immune cells in the endometrium. Ch β-actin-GFP is a ubiquitous reporter previously used to identify bone marrow-derived cells in the endometrium. Confocal fluorescence microscopy for GFP and markers of endometrial and immune cells were used to characterize bone marrow-derived cells in the endometrium of transplant recipients. No evidence of GFP+ bone marrow-derived stroma, epithelium, or endothelium was observed in the endometrium of mTert-GFP or Ch β-actin-GFP recipients. All GFP+ cells detected in the endometrium were immune cells expressing the pan leukocyte marker CD45, including CD3+ T cells and F4/80+ macrophages. Further examination of the Ch β-actin-GFP transplant model revealed that bone marrow-derived F4/80+ macrophages immunostained weakly for CD45. These macrophages were abundant in the stroma, infiltrated the epithelial and vascular compartments, and could easily be mistaken for bone marrow-derived endometrial cells. We conclude that it is unlikely that bone marrow cells are able to transdifferentiate into endometrial stroma, epithelium, and endothelium. This result has important therapeutic implications, as the expectation that bone marrow stem cells contribute directly to endometrial regeneration is shaping strategies designed to regenerate endometrium in Asherman's syndrome and to control aberrant endometrial growth in endometriosis. Stem Cells 2018;36:91-102.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih Rue Ong
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona L Cousins
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, NanTong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | | | - David T Breault
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caroline E Gargett
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - James A Deane
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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107
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Li M, Gao Y, Yong L, Huang D, Shen J, Liu M, Ren C, Hou X. Molecular signature and functional analysis of uterine ILCs in mouse pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2017; 123:48-57. [PMID: 28915450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to natural killer cells, other innate lymphoid cells have recently been identified in the mouse and human uterus, but their roles in successful pregnancy remain poorly defined. In this study, we examined the dynamic changes of uterine innate lymphoid cells throughout pregnancy in mice. We found that the total number of uterine innate lymphoid cells markedly increased at early-gestation. Among the three groups of uterine innate lymphoid cells, the number of the group 2 uterine innate lymphoid cells increased the most during pregnancy. We also determined that the depletion of uterine innate lymphoid cells in Rag1-/- mice resulted in impaired uterine spiral artery remodeling. These results suggest that uterine innate lymphoid cells may play an important role in mouse reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Li
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yimin Gao
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Yong
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dake Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jijia Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cuiping Ren
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Hou
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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108
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Wagenmaker ER, Moenter SM. Exposure to Acute Psychosocial Stress Disrupts the Luteinizing Hormone Surge Independent of Estrous Cycle Alterations in Female Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2593-2602. [PMID: 28549157 PMCID: PMC5551545 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The disruptive effects of severe stress on reproductive function are well documented, but surprisingly few studies exist that demonstrate milder psychosocial stressors interfere with the ovarian cycle in females. We hypothesized repeated application of psychosocial stress would disrupt estrous cycles in mice. Mice were transferred to a new cage, transported to a new room, and restrained (2 hours) for 21 consecutive days. Contrary to our hypothesis, this paradigm did not affect estrous cycles. We next tested the hypothesis that a single exposure to mild stress disrupts a specific aspect of the cycle: the proestrous luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. We developed a model of acute, layered psychosocial stress (sequential application of new cage, transport to new room, restraint and predator cues lasting 5 hours total) that consistently increased circulating corticosterone. Application of this stress paradigm on midmorning of proestrus disrupted the LH surge measured near lights out in 14 of 24 mice; there was no evidence for a 24-hour delay of the surge. Following stress, mice continued to have normal estrous cycles, even when the LH surge was disrupted. Stressed mice failing to exhibit an LH surge had uterine masses suggesting the proestrous estradiol rise occurred. To test specifically whether the layered stress paradigm blocks estradiol-dependent positive feedback mechanisms, we examined the estradiol-induced LH surge. Stress blocked the estradiol-induced LH surge in all mice. These results suggest exposure to mild, acute psychosocial stress on proestrus can severely disrupt the generation of the LH surge in mice without affecting the overall estrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Wagenmaker
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Suzanne M. Moenter
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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109
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Breedt E, Lacerda L, Essop MF. Trimetazidine therapy for diabetic mouse hearts subjected to ex vivo acute heart failure. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179509. [PMID: 28632748 PMCID: PMC5478112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute heart failure (AHF) is the most common primary diagnosis for hospitalized heart diseases in Africa. As increased fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) during heart failure triggers detrimental effects on the myocardium, we hypothesized that trimetazidine (TMZ) (partial FAO inhibitor) offers cardioprotection under normal and obese-related diabetic conditions. Hearts were isolated from 12-14-week-old obese male and female diabetic (db/db) mice versus lean non-diabetic littermates (db/+) controls. The Langendorff retrograde isolated heart perfusion system was employed to establish an ex vivo AHF model: a) Stabilization phase-Krebs Henseleit buffer (10 mM glucose) at 100 mmHg (25 min); b) Critical Acute Heart Failure (CAHF) phase-(1.2 mM palmitic acid, 2.5 mM glucose) at 20 mmHg (25 min); and c) Recovery Acute Heart Failure phase (RAHF)-(1.2 mM palmitic acid, 10 mM glucose) at 100 mmHg (25 min). Treated groups received 5 μM TMZ in the perfusate during either the CAHF or RAHF stage for the full duration of each respective phase. Both lean and obese males benefited from TMZ treatment administered during the RAHF phase. Sex differences were observed only in lean groups where the phases of the estrous cycle influenced therapy; only the lean follicular female group responded to TMZ treatment during the CAHF phase. Lean luteal females rather displayed an inherent cardioprotection (without treatments) that was lost with obesity. However, TMZ treatment initiated during RAHF was beneficial for obese luteal females. TMZ treatment triggered significant recovery for male and obese female hearts when administered during RAHF. There were no differences between lean and obese male hearts, while lean females displayed a functional recovery advantage over lean males. Thus TMZ emerges as a worthy therapeutic target to consider for AHF treatment in normal and obese-diabetic individuals (for both sexes), but only when administered during the recovery phase and not during the very acute stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilene Breedt
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Lydia Lacerda
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - M. Faadiel Essop
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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110
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Weller BK, Atan SU, Metin MS. Effects of cadmium on female fertility parameters: an experimental study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09735070.2017.1311693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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111
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Estrogen reprograms the activity of neutrophils to foster protumoral microenvironment during mammary involution. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46485. [PMID: 28429725 PMCID: PMC5399373 DOI: 10.1038/srep46485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have indicated increased risk for breast cancer within 10 years of childbirth. Acute inflammation during mammary involution has been suggested to promote this parity-associated breast cancer. We report here that estrogen exacerbates mammary inflammation during involution. Microarray analysis shows that estrogen induces an extensive proinflammatory gene signature in the involuting mammary tissue. This is associated with estrogen-induced neutrophil infiltration. Furthermore, estrogen induces the expression of protumoral cytokines/chemokines, COX-2 and tissue-remodeling enzymes in isolated mammary neutrophils and systemic neutrophil depletion abolished estrogen-induced expression of these genes in mammary tissue. More interestingly, neutrophil depletion diminished estrogen-induced growth of ERα-negative mammary tumor 4T1 in Balb/c mice. These findings highlight a novel aspect of estrogen action that reprograms the activity of neutrophils to create a pro-tumoral microenvironment during mammary involution. This effect on the microenvironment would conceivably aggravate its known neoplastic effect on mammary epithelial cells.
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112
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Zhao C, Cai S, Shin K, Lim A, Kalisky T, Lu WJ, Clarke MF, Beachy PA. Stromal Gli2 activity coordinates a niche signaling program for mammary epithelial stem cells. Science 2017; 356:science.aal3485. [PMID: 28280246 DOI: 10.1126/science.aal3485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The stem cell niche is a complex local signaling microenvironment that sustains stem cell activity during organ maintenance and regeneration. The mammary gland niche must support its associated stem cells while also responding to systemic hormonal regulation that triggers pubertal changes. We find that Gli2, the major Hedgehog pathway transcriptional effector, acts within mouse mammary stromal cells to direct a hormone-responsive niche signaling program by activating expression of factors that regulate epithelial stem cells as well as receptors for the mammatrophic hormones estrogen and growth hormone. Whereas prior studies implicate stem cell defects in human disease, this work shows that niche dysfunction may also cause disease, with possible relevance for human disorders and in particular the breast growth pathogenesis associated with combined pituitary hormone deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shang Cai
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kunyoo Shin
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyumgbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Agnes Lim
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tomer Kalisky
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Wan-Jin Lu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael F Clarke
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Philip A Beachy
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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113
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Montagnini BG, Silveira KM, Pierone BC, de Azevedo Camim N, Anselmo-Franci JA, de Fátima Paccola Mesquita S, Kiss ACI, Gerardin DCC. Reproductive parameters of female Wistar rats treated with methylphenidate during development. Physiol Behav 2016; 167:118-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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114
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Davoudi M, Zavareh S, Ghorbanian MT, Paylakhi SH, Mohebbi SR. The effect of steroid hormones on the mRNA expression of oct4 and sox2 in uterine tissue of the ovariectomized mice model of menopause. Int J Reprod Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrm.14.7.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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115
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Chakraborty TR, Donthireddy L, Adhikary D, Chakraborty S. Long-Term High Fat Diet Has a Profound Effect on Body Weight, Hormone Levels, and Estrous Cycle in Mice. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:1601-8. [PMID: 27171231 PMCID: PMC4917314 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity causes several health complications along with disruption of the reproductive system. The aim of the current study was to determine how long-term intake of very high fat diet (VHFD) changes the hormonal milieu, affecting the cellular morphology and reproductive cycle in female mice. Material/Methods Mice were fed on normal diet (ND) and VHFD for 2 weeks, 12 weeks, and 25–27 weeks. We assessed changes in body weight, food consumption, energy intake, cellular and tissue morphology, hormonal levels (leptin, insulin, and estradiol), and vaginal smears were performed at various time points to determine the length and cellularity at each stage of the estrous cycle. Results Mice fed on VHFD showed a significant increase in weight gain, reduction in food intake, and increase in energy intake compared to animals fed on ND, indicating that the caloric density of the diet is responsible for the differences in weight gain. Hormonal analysis showed hyperleptinemia, hyperinsulinemia, and increases in estrogen levels, along with increases in size of the islet of Langerhans and adipocytes. After 25–27 weeks, all animals fed on VHFD showed complete acyclicity; elongation of phases (e.g., diestrous), skipping of phases (e.g., metestrous), or a combination of both, indicating disruption in the reproductive cycle. Quantitative analysis showed that in the diestrous phase there was a 70% increase in cell count in VHFD compared to animals fed on ND. Conclusions The above results show that morphological and hormonal changes caused by VHFD probably act via negative feedback to the hypothalamic-pituitary axis to shut down reproduction, which has a direct effect on the estrous cycle, causing acyclicity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sanjoy Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, New York City College of Technology/CUNY, New York, NY, USA
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Anipindi VC, Bagri P, Roth K, Dizzell SE, Nguyen PV, Shaler CR, Chu DK, Jiménez-Saiz R, Liang H, Swift S, Nazli A, Kafka JK, Bramson J, Xing Z, Jordana M, Wan Y, Snider DP, Stampfli MR, Kaushic C. Estradiol Enhances CD4+ T-Cell Anti-Viral Immunity by Priming Vaginal DCs to Induce Th17 Responses via an IL-1-Dependent Pathway. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005589. [PMID: 27148737 PMCID: PMC4858291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental studies have shown that estradiol (E2) confers protection against HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanism. Better protection in E2-treated mice, immunized against genital HSV-2, coincided with earlier recruitment and higher proportions of Th1 and Th17 effector cells in the vagina post-challenge, compared to placebo-treated controls. Vaginal APCs isolated from E2-treated mice induced 10-fold higher Th17 and Th1 responses, compared to APCs from progesterone-treated, placebo-treated, and estradiol-receptor knockout mice in APC-T cell co-cultures. CD11c+ DCs in the vagina were the predominant APC population responsible for priming these Th17 responses, and a potent source of IL-6 and IL-1β, important factors for Th17 differentiation. Th17 responses were abrogated in APC-T cell co-cultures containing IL-1β KO, but not IL-6 KO vaginal DCs, showing that IL-1β is a critical factor for Th17 induction in the genital tract. E2 treatment in vivo directly induced high expression of IL-1β in vaginal DCs, and addition of IL-1β restored Th17 induction by IL-1β KO APCs in co-cultures. Finally, we examined the role of IL-17 in anti-HSV-2 memory T cell responses. IL-17 KO mice were more susceptible to intravaginal HSV-2 challenge, compared to WT controls, and vaginal DCs from these mice were defective at priming efficient Th1 responses in vitro, indicating that IL-17 is important for the generation of efficient anti-viral memory responses. We conclude that the genital mucosa has a unique microenvironment whereby E2 enhances CD4+ T cell anti-viral immunity by priming vaginal DCs to induce Th17 responses through an IL-1-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun C. Anipindi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Puja Bagri
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristy Roth
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara E. Dizzell
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip V. Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher R. Shaler
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Derek K. Chu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Jiménez-Saiz
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Swift
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aisha Nazli
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica K. Kafka
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Bramson
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhou Xing
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manel Jordana
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yonghong Wan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denis P. Snider
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin R. Stampfli
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charu Kaushic
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Xiu F, Anipindi VC, Nguyen PV, Boudreau J, Liang H, Wan Y, Snider DP, Kaushic C. High Physiological Concentrations of Progesterone Reverse Estradiol-Mediated Changes in Differentiation and Functions of Bone Marrow Derived Dendritic Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153304. [PMID: 27064901 PMCID: PMC4827838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Female sex steroids, estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), play a key role in regulating immune responses in women, including dendritic cell (DC) development, and functions. Although the two hormones co-occur in the body of women throughout the reproductive years, no studies have explored their complex combinatorial effects on DCs, given their ability to regulate each other’s actions. We examined murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDC) differentiation and functions, in the presence of a wide range of physiological concentrations of each hormone, as well as the combination of the two hormones. E2 (10−12 to 10-8M) enhanced the differentiation of CD11b+CD11c+ DCs from BM precursor cells, and promoted the expression of CD40 and MHC Class-II, in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, P4 (10−9 to 10-5M) inhibited DC differentiation, but only at the highest concentrations. These effects on BMDCs were observed both in the presence or absence of LPS. When both hormones were combined, higher concentrations of P4, at levels seen in pregnancy (10-6M) reversed the E2 effects, regardless of the concentration of E2, especially in the absence of LPS. Functionally, antigen uptake was decreased and pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-12, IL-1 and IL-6 production by CD11b+CD11c+ DCs, was increased in the presence of E2 and these effects were reversed by high concentrations of P4. Our results demonstrate the distinct effects of E2 and P4 on differentiation and functions of bone marrow myeloid DCs. The dominating effect of higher physiological concentrations of P4 provides insight into how DC functions could be modulated during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangming Xiu
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Varun C. Anipindi
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Philip V. Nguyen
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Jeanette Boudreau
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Hong Liang
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Yonghong Wan
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Denis P. Snider
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Charu Kaushic
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
- * E-mail:
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Blair JA, Palm R, Chang J, McGee H, Zhu X, Wang X, Casadesus G. Luteinizing hormone downregulation but not estrogen replacement improves ovariectomy-associated cognition and spine density loss independently of treatment onset timing. Horm Behav 2016; 78:60-6. [PMID: 26497249 PMCID: PMC4718885 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Age-related changes in reproductive hormone levels are a well-known risk factor for the development of cognitive dysfunction and dementia in women. We and others have shown an important contribution of gonadotropins in this process. Lowering serum gonadotropin levels is able to rescue cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease and menopause models, but whether this is time-dependent and the exact mechanism through which gonadotropins regulate cognitive function is unknown. We show that pharmacologically lowering serum levels of luteinizing hormone lead to cognitive improvement immediately after ovariectomy and with a 4month interval after ovariectomy, when the benefits of 17β-estradiol are known to disappear in rodents. Importantly, we show that these improvements are associated with spine density changes at both time points. These findings suggest a role of luteinizing hormone in learning and memory and neuroplasticity processes as well as provide an alternative therapeutic strategy of menopause associated cognitive loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Blair
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Russell Palm
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Jaewon Chang
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Henry McGee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Xiongwei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Gemma Casadesus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States.
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Kala M, Nivsarkar M. Role of cortisol and superoxide dismutase in psychological stress induced anovulation. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 225:117-124. [PMID: 26393311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Stress has been identified as a potential trigger for reproductive dysfunctions, but the psycho-physiological pathway behind the effect of stress on ovulation remains unexplored. The present research work highlights the plausible mechanism of psychological stress on ovulation in mice by targeting superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme involved in ovulation. For this, three consecutive studies were carried out. The first study aimed to determine the effect of psychological stress induced change in cortisol level, behavioral parameters and normal estrous cyclicity. The effect on mRNA expression of SOD subtypes, follicular growth in histological sections of ovaries and the difference in oocyte quality and number, upon superovulation were assessed in the subsequent studies. The results indicate that psychological stress model causes an increase in cortisol level (p⩽0.05) with development of anhedonia, depression and anxiety. An irregular estrous cycle was observed in stressed mice with an upregulation in mRNA expression of SOD subtypes. Histological sections revealed an increase in atretic antral follicle with an impaired follicular development. Moreover, immature oocytes were obtained from superovulated stressed mice. The study concludes that psychological stress results in anovulation which may be due to increase in cortisol level and SOD activity in stressed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manika Kala
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, B.V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development Centre, Thaltej, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380054, India; Faculty of Pharmacy, NIRMA University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Gota, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Manish Nivsarkar
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, B.V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development Centre, Thaltej, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380054, India.
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120
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Shindo S, Moore R, Negishi M. Detection and Functional Analysis of Estrogen Receptor α Phosphorylated at Serine 216 in Mouse Neutrophils. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1366:413-424. [PMID: 26585153 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3127-9_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Serine 216 constitutes a protein kinase C phosphorylation motif located within the DNA binding domain of estrogen receptor α (ERα). In this chapter we present experimental procedures confirming that mouse ERα is phosphorylated at serine 216 in peripheral blood neutrophils and in neutrophils that infiltrate the uterus, as well as the role of phosphoserine 216 in neutrophil migration. A phospho-peptide antibody (αP-S216) was utilized in Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and double immunofluorescence staining to detect this phosphorylation of an endogenous ERα. Both immunohistochemistry (with αP-S216 or neutrophil marker Ly6G antibody) and double immunofluorescence staining of mouse uterine sections prepared from C3H/HeNCrIBR females revealed that phosphorylated ERα was expressed in all infiltrating neutrophils during hormonal cycles but not in any other of the other uterine cells. Neutrophils infiltrate the uterus from the blood stream. White blood cells (WBC) were prepared from peripheral blood of C3H/HeNCrIBR females or males and double immunostained. Blood neutrophils also expressed phosphorylated ERα but in only about 20 % of cells in both sexes. Only the neutrophils expressing phosphorylated ERα spontaneously migrated in in vitro Transwell migration assays and infiltrated the uterus in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Shindo
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Rick Moore
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Masahiko Negishi
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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121
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Lei B, Wang H, Jeong S, Hsieh JT, Majeed M, Dawson H, Sheng H, Warner DS, James ML. Progesterone Improves Neurobehavioral Outcome in Models of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Neuroendocrinology 2016; 103:665-77. [PMID: 26562172 DOI: 10.1159/000442204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In models of acute brain injury, progesterone improves recovery through several mechanisms including modulation of neuroinflammation. Secondary injury from neuroinflammation is a potential therapeutic target after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). For potential translation of progesterone as a clinical acute ICH therapeutic, the present study sought to define efficacy of exogenous progesterone administration in ICH-relevant experimental paradigms. Young and aged C57BL/6 male, female, and ovariectomized (OVX) mice underwent left intrastriatal collagenase (0.05-0.075 U) or autologous whole blood (35 μl) injection. Progesterone at varying doses (4-16 mg/kg) was administered at 2, 5, 24, 48, and 72 h after injury. Rotarod and Morris water maze latencies were measured on days 1-7 and days 28-31 after injury, respectively. Hematoma volume, brain water content (cerebral edema), complementary immunohistochemistry, multiplex cytokine arrays, and inflammatory proteins were assessed at prespecified time points after injury. Progesterone (4 mg/kg) administration improved rotarod and water maze latencies (p < 0.01), and decreased cerebral edema (p < 0.05), microglial proliferation, and neuronal loss (p < 0.01) in young and aged male, young OVX, and aged female mice. Brain concentration of proinflammatory cytokines and Toll-like receptor-associated proteins were also decreased after progesterone (4 mg/kg) treatment (p < 0.01). Progesterone-treated young female mice showed no detectable effects. Exogenous progesterone improved short- and long-term neurobehavioral recovery and modulated neuroinflammation in male and OVX mice after ICH. Future studies should validate these findings, and address timing and length of administration before translation to clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Lei
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Duke University, Durham, N.C., USA
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Diener KR, Robertson SA, Hayball JD, Lousberg EL. Multi-parameter flow cytometric analysis of uterine immune cell fluctuations over the murine estrous cycle. J Reprod Immunol 2015; 113:61-7. [PMID: 26759962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Investigating immune cell populations within various reproductive tissues commonly utilises flow cytometric methods. With advances in fluorophore technology and equipment capabilities, multiple cell types from a single tissue sample can be identified by using different combinations of cell surface markers to distinguish specific cell populations. Here a protocol optimized for mouse uterine tissue was used to show the proportional changes in dendritic cells, monocyte/macrophages, T and B cells, NK and NK T cells, and the granulocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils at each of the four stages of the estrous cycle. Importantly, we demonstrate that use of anti-SiglecF or assessment of FSC/SSC plots could be used to differentiate monocyte/macrophage and eosinophil populations that otherwise cannot be distinguished by use of the common combination of antibodies against F4/80 and CD11b. Our results clearly indicate that within the uterus a dynamic population of immune cells resides, with many cell types reaching peak abundance at estrus and metestrus phases of the cycle, consistent with their importance in the response to paternal antigens and/or pathogens encountered after insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrilyn R Diener
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, and Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, S.A., 5000, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., 5005, Australia.
| | - Sarah A Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., 5005, Australia
| | - John D Hayball
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, and Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, S.A., 5000, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., 5005, Australia
| | - Erin L Lousberg
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, and Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, S.A., 5000, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., 5005, Australia
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Park SJ, Kim TS, Kim JM, Chang KT, Lee HS, Lee DS. Repeated Superovulation via PMSG/hCG Administration Induces 2-Cys Peroxiredoxins Expression and Overoxidation in the Reproductive Tracts of Female Mice. Mol Cells 2015; 38:1071-8. [PMID: 26486164 PMCID: PMC4696998 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Superovulation induced by exogenous gonadotropin treatment (PMSG/hCG) increases the number of available oocytes in humans and animals. However, Superovulatory PMSG/hCG treatment is known to affect maternal environment, and these effects may result from PMSG/hCG treatment-induced oxidative stress. 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (2-Cys Prxs) act as antioxidant enzymes that protect cells from oxidative stress induced by various exogenous stimuli. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that repeated PMSG/hCG treatment induces 2-Cys Prx expression and overoxidation in the reproductive tracts of female mice. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting analyses further demonstrated that, after PMSG/hCG treatment, the protein expression levels of 2-Cys Prxs increased most significantly in the ovaries, while that of Prx1 was most affected by PMSG/hCG stimulation in all tissues of the female reproductive tract. Repeated PMSG/hCG treatment eventually leads to 2-Cys Prxs overoxidation in all reproductive organs of female mice, and the abundance of the 2-Cys Prxs-SO2/3 proteins reported here supports the hypothesis that repeated superovulation induces strong oxidative stress and damage to the female reproductive tract. Our data suggest that excessive oxidative stress caused by repeated PMSG/hCG stimulation increases 2-Cys Prxs expression and overoxidation in the female reproductive organs. Intracellular 2-Cys Prx therefore plays an important role in maintaining the reproductive organ environment of female mice upon exogenous gonadotropin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ji Park
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Tae-Shin Kim
- Embryology Laboratory, Neway Fertility, 115 East 57th Street Suite 500 New York, NY 10022,
USA
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-747,
Korea
| | - Kyu-Tae Chang
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806,
Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
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124
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France M, Skorich E, Kadrofske M, Swain GM, Galligan JJ. Sex-related differences in small intestinal transit and serotonin dynamics in high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice. Exp Physiol 2015; 101:81-99. [PMID: 26381722 DOI: 10.1113/ep085427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity alters gastrointestinal (GI) motility and 5-HT signalling. Altered 5-HT signalling disrupts control of GI motility. Levels of extracellular 5-HT depend on enterochromaffin (EC) cell release and serotonin transporter (SERT) uptake. We assessed GI transit and 5-HT signalling in the jejunum of normal and obese mice. Male and female mice were fed a control diet (CD; 10% of kilocalories as fat) or a high-fat diet (HFD; 60% of kilocalories as fat). Gastrointestinal transit was increased in male HFD-fed and female CD-fed compared with male CD-fed mice. The 5-HT3 receptor blocker, alosetron, increased gastric emptying in male CD-fed mice, but decreased transit in female CD-fed mice. The 5-HT-induced jejunal longitudinal muscle contractions in vitro were similar in all mice. In contrast to male CD-fed mice, 5-HT uptake (measured using continuous amperometry in vitro) in male HFD-fed mice was fluoxetine insensitive, yet sensitive to cocaine and the dopamine transporter (DAT) blocker GBR 12909. Immunoreactivity for DAT was present in the mucosa, and protein levels were greater in male HFD-fed compared with CD-fed mice. Extracellular 5-HT and mucosal 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HT metabolite) were similar in male HFD-fed compared with CD-fed mice. 5-Hydroxytryptamine uptake was fluoxetine sensitive in all females. Greater SERT protein, decreased extracellular 5-HT and greater mucosal 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid were observed in female HFD-fed compared with CD-fed mice. Mucosal 5-HT and EC cell numbers were similar in CD-fed and HFD-fed mice of both sexes; female 5-HT and EC cell numbers were increased compared with males. The HFD did not alter plasma sex hormone levels in any mice. Overall, obesity alters GI transit and 5-HT signalling in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion France
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Emmalee Skorich
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mark Kadrofske
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Greg M Swain
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - James J Galligan
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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125
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Cyclic Regulation of Sensory Perception by a Female Hormone Alters Behavior. Cell 2015; 161:1334-44. [PMID: 26046438 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Females may display dramatically different behavior depending on their state of ovulation. This is thought to occur through sex-specific hormones acting on behavioral centers in the brain. Whether incoming sensory activity also differs across the ovulation cycle to alter behavior has not been investigated. Here, we show that female mouse vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs) are temporarily and specifically rendered "blind" to a subset of male-emitted pheromone ligands during diestrus yet fully detect and respond to the same ligands during estrus. VSN silencing occurs through the action of the female sex-steroid progesterone. Not all VSNs are targeted for silencing; those detecting cat ligands remain continuously active irrespective of the estrous state. We identify the signaling components that account for the capacity of progesterone to target specific subsets of male-pheromone responsive neurons for inactivation. These findings indicate that internal physiology can selectively and directly modulate sensory input to produce state-specific behavior. PAPERCLIP.
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Nilsson ME, Vandenput L, Tivesten Å, Norlén AK, Lagerquist MK, Windahl SH, Börjesson AE, Farman HH, Poutanen M, Benrick A, Maliqueo M, Stener-Victorin E, Ryberg H, Ohlsson C. Measurement of a Comprehensive Sex Steroid Profile in Rodent Serum by High-Sensitive Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2492-502. [PMID: 25856427 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Accurate measurement of sex steroid concentrations in rodent serum is essential to evaluate mouse and rat models for sex steroid-related disorders. The aim of the present study was to develop a sensitive and specific gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method to assess a comprehensive sex steroid profile in rodent serum. A major effort was invested in reaching an exceptionally high sensitivity for measuring serum estradiol concentrations. We established a GC-MS/MS assay with a lower limit of detection for estradiol, estrone, T, DHT, progesterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone of 0.3, 0.5, 4.0, 1.6, 8, 4.0, and 50 pg/mL, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for the lower limit of quantification were 0.5, 0.5, 8, 2.5, 74, 12, and 400 pg/mL, respectively. Calibration curves were linear, intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were low, and accuracy was excellent for all analytes. The established assay was used to accurately measure a comprehensive sex steroid profile in female rats and mice according to estrous cycle phase. In addition, we characterized the impact of age, sex, gonadectomy, and estradiol treatment on serum concentrations of these sex hormones in mice. In conclusion, we have established a highly sensitive and specific GC-MS/MS method to assess a comprehensive sex steroid profile in rodent serum in a single run. This GC-MS/MS assay has, to the best of our knowledge, the best detectability reported for estradiol. Our method therefore represents an ideal tool to characterize sex steroid metabolism in a variety of sex steroid-related rodent models and in human samples with low estradiol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Nilsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (M.E.N., L.V., M.K.L., S.H.W., A.E.B., H.H.F., M.P., C.O.), Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (Å.T.), Institute of Medicine, Department of Physiology (A.B., M.M., E.S.-V.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.E.N., A.-K.N., H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; and Department of Physiology (M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (M.E.N., L.V., M.K.L., S.H.W., A.E.B., H.H.F., M.P., C.O.), Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (Å.T.), Institute of Medicine, Department of Physiology (A.B., M.M., E.S.-V.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.E.N., A.-K.N., H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; and Department of Physiology (M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Åsa Tivesten
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (M.E.N., L.V., M.K.L., S.H.W., A.E.B., H.H.F., M.P., C.O.), Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (Å.T.), Institute of Medicine, Department of Physiology (A.B., M.M., E.S.-V.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.E.N., A.-K.N., H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; and Department of Physiology (M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Anna-Karin Norlén
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (M.E.N., L.V., M.K.L., S.H.W., A.E.B., H.H.F., M.P., C.O.), Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (Å.T.), Institute of Medicine, Department of Physiology (A.B., M.M., E.S.-V.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.E.N., A.-K.N., H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; and Department of Physiology (M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Marie K Lagerquist
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (M.E.N., L.V., M.K.L., S.H.W., A.E.B., H.H.F., M.P., C.O.), Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (Å.T.), Institute of Medicine, Department of Physiology (A.B., M.M., E.S.-V.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.E.N., A.-K.N., H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; and Department of Physiology (M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Sara H Windahl
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (M.E.N., L.V., M.K.L., S.H.W., A.E.B., H.H.F., M.P., C.O.), Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (Å.T.), Institute of Medicine, Department of Physiology (A.B., M.M., E.S.-V.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.E.N., A.-K.N., H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; and Department of Physiology (M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Anna E Börjesson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (M.E.N., L.V., M.K.L., S.H.W., A.E.B., H.H.F., M.P., C.O.), Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (Å.T.), Institute of Medicine, Department of Physiology (A.B., M.M., E.S.-V.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.E.N., A.-K.N., H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; and Department of Physiology (M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Helen H Farman
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (M.E.N., L.V., M.K.L., S.H.W., A.E.B., H.H.F., M.P., C.O.), Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (Å.T.), Institute of Medicine, Department of Physiology (A.B., M.M., E.S.-V.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.E.N., A.-K.N., H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; and Department of Physiology (M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (M.E.N., L.V., M.K.L., S.H.W., A.E.B., H.H.F., M.P., C.O.), Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (Å.T.), Institute of Medicine, Department of Physiology (A.B., M.M., E.S.-V.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.E.N., A.-K.N., H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; and Department of Physiology (M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Anna Benrick
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (M.E.N., L.V., M.K.L., S.H.W., A.E.B., H.H.F., M.P., C.O.), Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (Å.T.), Institute of Medicine, Department of Physiology (A.B., M.M., E.S.-V.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.E.N., A.-K.N., H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; and Department of Physiology (M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Manuel Maliqueo
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (M.E.N., L.V., M.K.L., S.H.W., A.E.B., H.H.F., M.P., C.O.), Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (Å.T.), Institute of Medicine, Department of Physiology (A.B., M.M., E.S.-V.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.E.N., A.-K.N., H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; and Department of Physiology (M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Elisabet Stener-Victorin
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (M.E.N., L.V., M.K.L., S.H.W., A.E.B., H.H.F., M.P., C.O.), Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (Å.T.), Institute of Medicine, Department of Physiology (A.B., M.M., E.S.-V.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.E.N., A.-K.N., H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; and Department of Physiology (M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Henrik Ryberg
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (M.E.N., L.V., M.K.L., S.H.W., A.E.B., H.H.F., M.P., C.O.), Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (Å.T.), Institute of Medicine, Department of Physiology (A.B., M.M., E.S.-V.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.E.N., A.-K.N., H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; and Department of Physiology (M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (M.E.N., L.V., M.K.L., S.H.W., A.E.B., H.H.F., M.P., C.O.), Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (Å.T.), Institute of Medicine, Department of Physiology (A.B., M.M., E.S.-V.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.E.N., A.-K.N., H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden; and Department of Physiology (M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
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Shim HM, Hwang JY, Lee KM, Kim Y, Jeong D, Roh J, Choi H, Hwang JH, Park H. Coxsackievirus B3 infection reduces female mouse fertility. Exp Anim 2015; 64:343-52. [PMID: 26062767 PMCID: PMC4637370 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.14-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we demonstrated coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection during early gestation as a
cause of pregnancy loss. Here, we investigated the impacts of CVB3 infection on female
mouse fertility. Coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) expression and CVB3 replication
in the ovary were evaluated by immunohistochemistry or reverse transcription-polymerase
chain reaction (RT-PCR). CAR was highly expressed in granulosa cells (GCs) and CVB3
replicated in the ovary. Histological analysis showed a significant increase in the number
of atretic follicles in the ovaries of CVB3-infected mice (CVBM). Estrous cycle evaluation
demonstrated that a higher number of CVBM were in proestrus compared to mock mice (CVBM
vs. mock; 61.5%, 28.5%, respectively). Estradiol concentration in GC culture supernatant
and serum were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Baseline and stimulated
levels of estradiol in GC were decreased in CVBM, consistent with significantly reduced
serum levels in these animals. In addition, aromatase transcript levels in GCs from CVBM
were also decreased by 40% relative to the mock. Bone mineral density evaluated by
micro-computed tomography was significantly decreased in the CVBM. Moreover, the fertility
rate was also significantly decreased for the CVBM compared to the mock (CVBM vs. mock;
20%, 94.7%, respectively). This study suggests that CVB3 infection could interfere with
reproduction by disturbing ovarian function and cyclic changes of the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Min Shim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170, Hyeonchung-ro, Namgu, Daegu 705-703, Republic of Korea
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128
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Marth CD, Young ND, Glenton LY, Noden DM, Browning GF, Krekeler N. Effect of ovarian hormones on the healthy equine uterus: a global gene expression analysis. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 28:RD14513. [PMID: 25989818 DOI: 10.1071/rd14513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological changes associated with the varying hormonal environment throughout the oestrous cycle are linked to the different functions the uterus needs to fulfil. The aim of the present study was to generate global gene expression profiles for the equine uterus during oestrus and Day 5 of dioestrus. To achieve this, samples were collected from five horses during oestrus (follicle >35 mm in diameter) and dioestrus (5 days after ovulation) and analysed using high-throughput RNA sequencing techniques (RNA-Seq). Differentially expressed genes between the two cycle stages were further investigated using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. The expression of 1577 genes was found to be significantly upregulated during oestrus, whereas 1864 genes were expressed at significantly higher levels in dioestrus. Most genes upregulated during oestrus were associated with the extracellular matrix, signal interaction and transduction, cell communication or immune function, whereas genes expressed at higher levels in early dioestrus were most commonly associated with metabolic or transport functions, correlating well with the physiological functions of the uterus. These results allow for a more complete understanding of the hormonal influence on gene expression in the equine uterus by functional analysis of up- and downregulated genes in oestrus and dioestrus, respectively. In addition, a valuable baseline is provided for further research, including analyses of changes associated with uterine inflammation.
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129
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Murta D, Batista M, Trindade A, Silva E, Mateus L, Duarte A, Lopes-da-Costa L. Dynamics of Notch signalling in the mouse oviduct and uterus during the oestrous cycle. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 28:RD15029. [PMID: 25940784 DOI: 10.1071/rd15029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The oviduct and uterus undergo extensive cellular remodelling during the oestrous cycle, requiring finely tuned intercellular communication. Notch is an evolutionarily conserved cell signalling pathway implicated in cell fate decisions in several tissues. In the present study we evaluated the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time qPCR) and expression (immunohistochemistry) patterns of Notch components (Notch1-4, Delta-like 1 (Dll1), Delta-like 4 (Dll4), Jagged1-2) and effector (hairy/enhancer of split (Hes) 1-2, Hes5 and Notch-Regulated Ankyrin Repeat-Containing Protein (Nrarp)) genes in the mouse oviduct and uterus throughout the oestrous cycle. Notch genes are differentially transcribed and expressed in the mouse oviduct and uterus throughout the oestrous cycle. The correlated transcription levels of Notch components and effector genes, and the nuclear detection of Notch effector proteins, indicate that Notch signalling is active. The correlation between transcription levels of Notch genes and progesterone concentrations, and the association between expression of Notch proteins and progesterone receptor (PR) activation, indicate direct progesterone regulation of Notch signalling. The expression patterns of Notch proteins are spatially and temporally specific, resulting in unique expression combinations of Notch receptor, ligand and effector genes in the oviduct luminal epithelium, uterus luminal and glandular epithelia and uterine stroma throughout the oestrous cycle. Together, the results of the present study imply a regulatory role for Notch signalling in oviduct and uterine cellular remodelling occurring throughout the oestrous cycle.
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130
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Wessels JM, Leyland NA, Agarwal SK, Foster WG. Estrogen induced changes in uterine brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptors. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:925-36. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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131
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Tang C, Pan Y, Luo H, Xiong W, Zhu H, Ruan H, Wang J, Zou C, Tang L, Iguchi T, Long F, Wu X. Hedgehog signaling stimulates the conversion of cholesterol to steroids. Cell Signal 2015; 27:487-97. [PMID: 25582983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol modification of Hedgehog (Hh) ligands is fundamental for the activity of Hh signaling, and cholesterol biosynthesis is also required for intracellular Hh signaling transduction. Here, we investigated the roles and underlying mechanism of Hh signaling in metabolism of cholesterol. The main components of the Hh pathway are abundantly expressed in both human cytotrophoblasts and trophoblast-like cells. Activation of Hh signaling induces the conversion of cholesterol to progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) through up-regulating the expression of steroidogenic enzymes including P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (3β-HSD1), and aromatase. Moreover, inhibition of Hh signaling attenuates not only Hh-induced expression of steroidogenic enzymes but also the conversion of cholesterol to P4 and E2. Whereas Gli3 is required for Hh-induced P450scc expression, Gli2 mediates the induction of 3β-HSD1 and aromatase. Finally, in ovariectomized nude mice, systemic inhibition of Hh signaling by cyclopamine suppresses circulating P4 and E2 levels derived from a trophoblast-like choricarcinoma xenograft, and attenuates uterine response to P4 and E2. Together these results uncover a hitherto uncharacterized role of Hh signaling in metabolism of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yibin Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Huan Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenyi Xiong
- The Affiliated Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haibin Zhu
- The Affiliated First Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongfeng Ruan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jirong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chaochun Zou
- The Affiliated Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lanfang Tang
- The Affiliated Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Takuma Iguchi
- Department of Toxicology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fanxin Long
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medicine and Developmental Biology Washington University in St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medicine and Developmental Biology Washington University in St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Cao M, Chan RWS, Yeung WSB. Label-retaining stromal cells in mouse endometrium awaken for expansion and repair after parturition. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 24:768-80. [PMID: 25386902 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human and mouse endometrium undergo dramatic cellular reorganization during pregnancy and postpartum. Somatic stem cells maintain homeostasis of the tissue by providing a cell reservoir for regeneration. We hypothesized that endometrial cells with quiescent properties (stem/progenitor cells) were involved in the regeneration of the endometrial tissue. Given that stem cells divide infrequently, they can retain the DNA synthesis label [bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)] after a prolonged chase period. In this study, prepubertal mice were pulsed with BrdU and after a 6-week chase a small population of label-retaining stromal cells (LRSC) was located primarily beneath the luminal epithelium, adjacent to blood vessels, and near the endometrial-myometrial junction. Marker analyses suggested that they were of mesenchymal origin expressing CD44(+), CD90(+), CD140b(+), CD146(+), and Sca-1(+). During pregnancy, nonproliferating LRSC predominately resided at the interimplantation/placental loci of the gestational endometrium. Immediately after parturition, a significant portion of the LRSC underwent proliferation (BrdU(+)/Ki-67(+)) and expressed total and active β-catenin. The β-catenin expression in the LRSC was transiently elevated at postpartum day (PPD) 1. The proliferation of LRSC resulted in a significant decline in the proportion of LRSC in the postpartum uterus. The LRSC returned to dormancy at PPD7, and the percentage of LRSC remained stable thereafter until 11 weeks. This study demonstrated that LRSC can respond efficiently to physiological stimuli upon initiation of uterine involution and return to its quiescent state after postpartum repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Cao
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Schaefer K, Brown N, Kaye PM, Lacey CJ. Cervico-vaginal immunoglobulin G levels increase post-ovulation independently of neutrophils. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114824. [PMID: 25479383 PMCID: PMC4257712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is often higher in females than in males. Although the reproductive cycle profoundly modulates local immunity in the female reproductive tract (FRT) system, significant gaps in our knowledge of the immunobiology of the FRT still exist. An intriguing and frequently observed characteristic of the FRT is the predominant presence of immunoglobulin (Ig) G in cervico-vaginal secretions. We show here that in the mouse, IgG accumulation was enhanced approximately 5-fold post-ovulation, and was accompanied by an influx of neutrophils into the FRT. To determine whether these two events were causally related, we performed short-term neutrophil depletion experiments at individual stages throughout the estrous cycle. Our results demonstrate that neutrophils were not necessary for cycle-dependent tissue remodeling and cycle progression and that cycle-dependent IgG accumulation occurred independent of neutrophils. We thus conclude that neutrophil influx and IgG accumulation are independent events that occur in the FRT during the reproductive cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrein Schaefer
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Najmeeyah Brown
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M. Kaye
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Charles J. Lacey
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
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Arai M, Yoshioka S, Nishimura R, Okuda K. FAS/FASL-mediated cell death in the bovine endometrium. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 151:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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El-Etr M, Rame M, Boucher C, Ghoumari AM, Kumar N, Liere P, Pianos A, Schumacher M, Sitruk-Ware R. Progesterone and nestorone promote myelin regeneration in chronic demyelinating lesions of corpus callosum and cerebral cortex. Glia 2014; 63:104-17. [PMID: 25092805 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis affects mainly women and consists in intermittent or chronic damages to the myelin sheaths, focal inflammation, and axonal degeneration. Current therapies are limited to immunomodulators and antiinflammatory drugs, but there is no efficient treatment for stimulating the endogenous capacity of myelin repair. Progesterone and synthetic progestins have been shown in animal models of demyelination to attenuate myelin loss, reduce clinical symptoms severity, modulate inflammatory responses and partially reverse the age-dependent decline in remyelination. Moreover, progesterone has been demonstrated to promote myelin formation in organotypic cultures of cerebellar slices. In the present study, we show that progesterone and the synthetic 19-nor-progesterone derivative Nestorone® promote the repair of severe chronic demyelinating lesions induced by feeding cuprizone to female mice for up to 12 weeks. Progesterone and Nestorone increase the density of NG2(+) oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and CA II(+) mature oligodendrocytes and enhance the formation of myelin basic protein (MBP)- and proteolipid protein (PLP)-immunoreactive myelin. However, while demyelination in response to cuprizone was less marked in corpus callosum than in cerebral cortex, remyelination appeared earlier in the former. The remyelinating effect of progesterone was progesterone receptor (PR)-dependent, as it was absent in PR-knockout mice. Progesterone and Nestorone also decreased (but did not suppress) neuroinflammatory responses, specifically astrocyte and microglial cell activation. Therefore, some progestogens are promising therapeutic candidates for promoting the regeneration of myelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine El-Etr
- UMR 788 Inserm and University Paris-Sud, 94276, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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136
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Schneider AE, Kárpáti E, Schuszter K, Tóth EA, Kiss E, Kulcsár M, László G, Matko J. A dynamic network of estrogen receptors in murine lymphocytes: fine-tuning the immune response. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:857-72. [PMID: 25070950 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2a0214-080rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The actual level of circulating estrogen (17β-estradiol, E2) has a serious impact on regulation of diverse immune cell functions, where their classical cytoplasmic receptors, ERα and ERβ, act as nuclear transcriptional regulators of multiple target genes. There is growing evidence, however, for rapid, "non-nuclear" regulatory effects of E2 on lymphocytes. Such effects are likely mediated by putative membrane-associated receptor(s) (mER), but the mechanistic details and the involved signaling pathways still remained largely unknown because of their complexity. Here, we show that in lymphocytes, mERs can signalize themselves, and upon ligation, they are able to coordinate translocation of other E2Rs to the PM. Our data firmly imply existence of a complex, dynamic network of at least seven ER forms in murine lymphocytes: cytoplasmic and membrane-linked forms of ERα, ERβ, or GPR30 and a mER that can receive extracellular E2 signals. The latter mERs are likely palmitoylated, as they are enriched in lipid-raft microdomains, and their E2 binding is also cholesterol dependent. The data also support that ligation of mERs can induce rapid regulatory signals to lymphocytes and then internalize and let the E2 liberate in lysosomes. In addition, they can dynamically control the cell-surface linkage of other cytoplasmic ERs. As demonstrated by the differential effects of mER or cytoplasmic ER ligation on the proliferation of activated T and B lymphocytes, such a dynamic E2R network can be considered as a tool to manage accommodation/fine-tuning of lymphocytes to rapidly changing hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Schneider
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Eva Kárpáti
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Kitti Schuszter
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Eszter A Tóth
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Endre Kiss
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Margit Kulcsár
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent Istvan University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Glória László
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Janos Matko
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary; and
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137
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Royston SE, Yasui N, Kondilis AG, Lord SV, Katzenellenbogen JA, Mahoney MM. ESR1 and ESR2 differentially regulate daily and circadian activity rhythms in female mice. Endocrinology 2014; 155:2613-23. [PMID: 24735329 PMCID: PMC5393318 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Estrogenic signaling shapes and modifies daily and circadian rhythms, the disruption of which has been implicated in psychiatric, neurologic, cardiovascular, and metabolic disease, among others. However, the activational mechanisms contributing to these effects remain poorly characterized. To determine the activational impact of estrogen on daily behavior patterns and differentiate between the contributions of the estrogen receptors ESR1 and ESR2, ovariectomized adult female mice were administered estradiol, the ESR1 agonist propylpyrazole triol, the ESR2 agonist diarylpropionitrile, or cholesterol (control). Animals were singly housed with running wheels in a 12-hour light, 12-hour dark cycle or total darkness. Estradiol increased total activity and amplitude, consolidated activity to the dark phase, delayed the time of peak activity (acrophase of wheel running), advanced the time of activity onset, and shortened the free running period (τ), but did not alter the duration of activity (α). Importantly, activation of ESR1 or ESR2 differentially impacted daily and circadian rhythms. ESR1 stimulation increased total wheel running and amplitude and reduced the proportion of activity in the light vs the dark. Conversely, ESR2 activation modified the distribution of activity across the day, delayed acrophase of wheel running, and advanced the time of activity onset. Interestingly, τ was shortened by estradiol or either estrogen receptor agonist. Finally, estradiol-treated animals administered a light pulse in the early subjective night, but no other time, had an attenuated response compared with controls. This decreased phase response was mirrored by animals treated with diarylpropionitrile, but not propylpyrazole triol. To conclude, estradiol has strong activational effects on the temporal patterning and expression of daily and circadian behavior, and these effects are due to distinct mechanisms elicited by ESR1 and ESR2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Royston
- Neuroscience Program (S.E.R., M.M.M.), Medical Scholars Program (S.E.R.), and Departments of Chemistry (N.Y., J.A.K.) and Comparative Biosciences (A.G.K., S.V.L., M.M.M.), University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802
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138
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Szwarc MM, Kommagani R, Jeong JW, Wu SP, Tsai SY, Tsai MJ, O’Malley BW, DeMayo FJ, Lydon JP. Perturbing the cellular levels of steroid receptor coactivator-2 impairs murine endometrial function. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98664. [PMID: 24905738 PMCID: PMC4048228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As pleiotropic coregulators, members of the p160/steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) family control a broad spectrum of transcriptional responses that underpin a diverse array of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Because of their potent coregulator properties, strict controls on SRC expression levels are required to maintain normal tissue functionality. Accordingly, an unwarranted increase in the cellular levels of SRC members has been causally linked to the initiation and/or progression of a number of clinical disorders. Although knockout mouse models have underscored the critical non-redundant roles for each SRC member in vivo, there are surprisingly few mouse models that have been engineered to overexpress SRCs. This deficiency is significant since SRC involvement in many of these disorders is based on unscheduled increases in the levels (rather than the absence) of SRC expression. To address this deficiency, we used recent mouse technology that allows for the targeted expression of human SRC-2 in cells which express the progesterone receptor. Through cre-loxP recombination driven by the endogenous progesterone receptor promoter, a marked elevation in expression levels of human SRC-2 was achieved in endometrial cells that are positive for the progesterone receptor. As a result of this increase in coregulator expression, female mice are severely subfertile due to a dysfunctional uterus, which exhibits a hypersensitivity to estrogen exposure. Our findings strongly support the proposal from clinical observations that increased levels of SRC-2 are causal for a number of endometrial disorders which compromise fertility. Future studies will use this mouse model to decipher the molecular mechanisms that underpin the endometrial defect. We believe such mechanistic insight may provide new molecular descriptors for diagnosis, prognosis, and/or therapy in the clinical management of female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Szwarc
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ramakrishna Kommagani
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jae-Wook Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - San-Pin Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sophia Y. Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ming-Jer Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bert W. O’Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Francesco J. DeMayo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - John P. Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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139
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Zhang Y, Mikhaylova L, Kobzik L, Fedulov AV. Estrogen-mediated impairment of macrophageal uptake of environmental TiO2 particles to explain inflammatory effect of TiO2 on airways during pregnancy. J Immunotoxicol 2014; 12:81-91. [PMID: 24825546 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2014.899411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate defenses against environmental particulate exposures can become deficient when physiological background of the organism is unbalanced. Even those exposures considered innocuous may then become harmful. For example, one of the important inherent risks of pregnancy is increased inflammatory responsiveness in the airways, which extends to exposures considered otherwise innocuous: it has been observed that normally "inert" particulates become inflammatory in pregnancy. They lead to enhanced airway inflammation associated with increased asthma risk in the offspring in the BALB/c model. It was hypothesized that pregnancy hormones alter macrophageal uptake and clearance of particles. This study shows that the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages (AM) and RAW264.7 cells against titanium dioxide (TiO2) was inhibited in pregnancy by ∼ 10% and in vitro by estradiol by ∼ 20%; progesterone potentiated this effect. Hence, enhanced inflammation in pregnancy as an outcome of exposure to the "inert" TiO2 may be due to an effect of pregnancy hormones which decrease the ability of the airways to clear the particles. AM (at 10(6) cells/recipient) isogenically transplanted from pregnant mothers into airways of recipients were able to confer the phenotype of inflammatory response to TiO2 (PMN counts of 1.62 [± 0.19] × 10(5)/ml versus 0.61 [± 0.13] × 10(5)/ml in control). Because this small amount of transferred AM could not replace the AM population in the recipients' lungs, it is postulated that the effect is mediated by inhibitory signaling factors that AM produce and release; hence, a list of probable molecules was identified via genome-wide microarray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA and
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140
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Haddad SN, Wira CR. Estradiol regulation of constitutive and keratinocyte growth factor-induced CCL20 and CXCL1 secretion by mouse uterine epithelial cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 72:34-44. [PMID: 24807244 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Estradiol can directly affect epithelial cells or indirectly affect epithelial cells via stromal fibroblast secretion of growth factors, such as keratinocyte growth factor (KGF). The purpose of the present study was to determine whether estradiol regulates constitutive as well as KGF-induced uterine epithelial cell secretion of CCL20 and CXCL1. METHOD OF STUDY Freshly isolated and polarized uterine epithelial cells from Balb/c mice were cultured with estradiol in the presence or absence of KGF. CCL20 and CXCL1 were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Estradiol inhibited CCL20 secretion by freshly isolated and polarized uterine epithelial cells in the presence or absence of KGF. Unexpectedly, it enhanced KGF-induced CXCL1 secretion beyond that seen with KGF alone. Estradiol increased CXCL1 secretion at 24 hr and inhibited CCL20 at 48 hr. The effects of estradiol are specific in that progesterone, cortisol, dihydrotestosterone, and aldosterone had no effect on either CCL20 or CXCL1 secretion. The inhibitory effect of estradiol on CCL20 secretion was reversed with ICI 182,780, an estrogen receptor antagonist, indicating that this effect is estrogen receptor mediated. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that estradiol is important in regulating the effects of KGF on mouse uterine epithelial cell secretion of CCL20 and CXCL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severina N Haddad
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, USA
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141
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Gao Y, Li S, Li Q. Uterine epithelial cell proliferation and endometrial hyperplasia: evidence from a mouse model. Mol Hum Reprod 2014; 20:776-86. [PMID: 24770950 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gau033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the uterus, epithelial cell proliferation changes during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Uncontrolled epithelial cell proliferation results in implantation failure and/or cancer development. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is a fundamental regulator of diverse biological processes and is indispensable for multiple reproductive functions. However, the in vivo role of TGF-β signaling in uterine epithelial cells remains poorly defined. We have shown that in the uterus, conditional deletion of the Type 1 receptor for TGF-β (Tgfbr1) using anti-Müllerian hormone receptor type 2 (Amhr2) Cre leads to myometrial defects. Here, we describe enhanced epithelial cell proliferation by immunostaining of Ki67 in the uteri of these mice. The aberration culminated in endometrial hyperplasia in aged females. To exclude the potential influence of ovarian steroid hormones, the proliferative status of uterine epithelial cells was assessed following ovariectomy. Increased uterine epithelial cell proliferation was also revealed in ovariectomized Tgfbr1 Amhr2-Cre conditional knockout mice. We further demonstrated that transcript levels for fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) were markedly up-regulated in Tgfbr1 Amhr2-Cre conditional knockout uteri. Consistently, treatment of primary uterine stromal cells with TGF-β1 significantly reduced Fgf10 mRNA expression. Thus, our findings suggest a potential involvement of TGFBR1-mediated signaling in the regulation of uterine epithelial cell proliferation, and provide genetic evidence supporting the role of uterine epithelial cell proliferation in the pathogenesis of endometrial hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Qinglei Li
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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142
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MacDonald JK, Pyle WG, Reitz CJ, Howlett SE. Cardiac contraction, calcium transients, and myofilament calcium sensitivity fluctuate with the estrous cycle in young adult female mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H938-53. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00730.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study established conditions to induce regular estrous cycles in female C57BL/6J mice and investigated the impact of the estrous cycle on contractions, Ca2+ transients, and underlying cardiac excitation-contraction (EC)-coupling mechanisms. Daily vaginal smears from group-housed virgin female mice were stained to distinguish estrous stage (proestrus, estrus, metestrus, diestrus). Ventricular myocytes were isolated from anesthetized mice. Contractions and Ca2+ transients were measured simultaneously (4 Hz, 37°C). Interestingly, mice did not exhibit regular cycles unless they were exposed to male pheromones in bedding added to their cages. Field-stimulated myocytes from mice in estrus had larger contractions (∼2-fold increase), larger Ca2+ transients (∼1.11-fold increase), and longer action potentials (>2-fold increase) compared with other stages. Larger contractions and Ca2+ transients were not observed in estrus myocytes voltage-clamped with shorter action potentials. Voltage-clamp experiments also demonstrated that estrous stage had no effect on Ca2+ current, EC-coupling gain, diastolic Ca2+, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ content, or fractional release. Although contractions were largest in estrus, myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity was lowest (EC50 values ∼1.15-fold higher) in conjunction with increased phosphorylation of myosin binding protein C in estrus. Contractions were enhanced in ventricular myocytes from mice in estrus because action potential prolongation increased SR Ca2+ release. These findings demonstrate that cyclical changes in reproductive hormones associated with the estrous cycle can influence myocardial electrical and contractile function and modify Ca2+ homeostasis. However, such changes are unlikely to occur in female mice housed in groups under conventional conditions, since these mice do not exhibit regular estrous cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W. Glen Pyle
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Cristine J. Reitz
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Susan E. Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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143
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Bondi C, Alonso-Gonzalez C, Clafshenkel W, Kotlarczyk M, Dodda B, Sanchez-Barcelo E, Davis V, Witt-Enderby P. The effect of estradiol, progesterone, and melatonin on estrous cycling and ovarian aromatase expression in intact female mice. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 174:80-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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144
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Serine 216 phosphorylation of estrogen receptor α in neutrophils: migration and infiltration into the mouse uterus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84462. [PMID: 24386386 PMCID: PMC3873424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whereas estrogen receptors are present in immune cells, it is not known if they are phosphorylated to regulate immune cell functions. Here we determined the phosphorylation status of estrogen receptor α (ERα) at residue serine 216 in mouse neutrophils and examined its role in migration and infiltration. Serine 216 is the conserved phosphorylation site within the DNA binding domains found in the majority of nuclear receptors. Methodology/Principal Findings A phospho-peptide antibody specific to phosphorylated serine 216 and ERα KO mice were utilized in immunohistochemistry, double immuno-staining or Western blot to detect phosphorylation of ERα in peripheral blood as well as infiltrating neutrophils in the mouse uterus. Transwell assays were performed to examine migration of neutrophils. An anti-Ly6G antibody identified neutrophils. About 20% of neutrophils expressed phosphorylated ERα at serine 216 in peripheral white blood cells (WBC) from C3H/HeNCrIBR females. Phosphorylation was additively segregated between C3H/HeNCrIBR and C57BL/6 females. Only neutrophils that expressed phosphorylated ERα migrated in Transwell assays as well as infiltrated the mouse uterus during normal estrous cycles. Conclusions/Significance ERα was phosphorylated at serine 216 in about 20% of mouse peripheral blood neutrophils. Only those that express phosphorylated ERα migrate and infiltrate the mouse uterus. This phosphorylation was the first to be characterized in endogenous ERα found in normal tissues and cells. Phosphorylated ERα may have opened a novel research direction for biological roles of phosphorylation in ERα actions and can be developed as a drug target for treatment of immune-related diseases.
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145
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Schumacher M, Mattern C, Ghoumari A, Oudinet JP, Liere P, Labombarda F, Sitruk-Ware R, De Nicola AF, Guennoun R. Revisiting the roles of progesterone and allopregnanolone in the nervous system: resurgence of the progesterone receptors. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 113:6-39. [PMID: 24172649 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone is commonly considered as a female reproductive hormone and is well-known for its role in pregnancy. It is less well appreciated that progesterone and its metabolite allopregnanolone are also male hormones, as they are produced in both sexes by the adrenal glands. In addition, they are synthesized within the nervous system. Progesterone and allopregnanolone are associated with adaptation to stress, and increased production of progesterone within the brain may be part of the response of neural cells to injury. Progesterone receptors (PR) are widely distributed throughout the brain, but their study has been mainly limited to the hypothalamus and reproductive functions, and the extra-hypothalamic receptors have been neglected. This lack of information about brain functions of PR is unexpected, as the protective and trophic effects of progesterone are much investigated, and as the therapeutic potential of progesterone as a neuroprotective and promyelinating agent is currently being assessed in clinical trials. The little attention devoted to the brain functions of PR may relate to the widely accepted assumption that non-reproductive actions of progesterone may be mainly mediated by allopregnanolone, which does not bind to PR, but acts as a potent positive modulator of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A) receptors. The aim of this review is to critically discuss effects of progesterone on the nervous system via PR, and of allopregnanolone via its modulation of GABA(A) receptors, with main focus on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schumacher
- UMR 788 Inserm and University Paris-Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - C Mattern
- M et P Pharma AG, Emmetten, Switzerland
| | - A Ghoumari
- UMR 788 Inserm and University Paris-Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - J P Oudinet
- UMR 788 Inserm and University Paris-Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - P Liere
- UMR 788 Inserm and University Paris-Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - F Labombarda
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental and University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Sitruk-Ware
- Population Council and Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | - A F De Nicola
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental and University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Guennoun
- UMR 788 Inserm and University Paris-Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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146
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Yoo YA, Son J, Mehta FF, DeMayo FJ, Lydon JP, Chung SH. Progesterone signaling inhibits cervical carcinogenesis in mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:1679-1687. [PMID: 24012679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus is the main cause of cervical cancer, yet other nonviral cofactors are also required for the disease. The uterine cervix is a hormone-responsive tissue, and female hormones have been implicated in cervical carcinogenesis. A transgenic mouse model expressing human papillomavirus oncogenes E6 and/or E7 has proven useful to study a mechanism of hormone actions in the context of this common malignancy. Estrogen and estrogen receptor α are required for the development of cervical cancer in this mouse model. Estrogen receptor α is known to up-regulate expression of the progesterone receptor, which, on activation by its ligands, either promotes or inhibits carcinogenesis, depending on the tissue context. Here, we report that progesterone receptor inhibits cervical and vaginal epithelial cell proliferation in a ligand-dependent manner. We also report that synthetic progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate promotes regression of cancers and precancerous lesions in the female lower reproductive tracts (ie, cervix and vagina) in the human papillomavirus transgenic mouse model. Our results provide the first experimental evidence that supports the hypothesis that progesterone signaling is inhibitory for cervical carcinogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young A Yoo
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jieun Son
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Fabiola F Mehta
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Francesco J DeMayo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - John P Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sang-Hyuk Chung
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas; McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
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147
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Arai M, Yoshioka S, Tasaki Y, Okuda K. Remodeling of bovine endometrium throughout the estrous cycle. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 142:1-9. [PMID: 24051170 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian endometrium changes morphologically and functionally throughout the estrous cycle. In some species, endometrial cells also undergo periodic proliferation and degeneration. However, the remodeling of bovine endometrium throughout the estrous cycle remains unclear. In the present study, we examined how the remodeling of bovine endometrium varied through the estrous cycle by measuring the relative rates of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Cells positive for both KI-67 (a proliferation marker) and cleaved caspase-3 (CCP3: an apoptotic cell marker) were immunohistochemically evaluated throughout the estrous cycle in the luminal and glandular epithelia, and the stroma of bovine endometrium. Percentages of KI-67-positive cells tended to be higher at the early luteal and follicular stages than at the mid and late luteal stages in all cell types. Similarly, percentages of CCP3-positive cells were higher at the early luteal stage than at the mid and late luteal stages in the luminal epithelium and stroma. Furthermore, CCP3 expression levels by Western blot analysis agreed with these immunohistological observations. On the other hand, DNA fragmentation was detected in the bovine endometrium without significant differences during the estrous cycle by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. Together, these results show that cell proliferation and apoptosis undergo cyclic patterns in the bovine endometrium, and suggest that the bovine endometrium is remodeled in each estrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Arai
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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148
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Armstrong CM, Billimek AR, Allred KF, Sturino JM, Weeks BR, Allred CD. A novel shift in estrogen receptor expression occurs as estradiol suppresses inflammation-associated colon tumor formation. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013; 20:515-25. [PMID: 23702470 DOI: 10.1530/erc-12-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal women on estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) have a reduced risk of developing colon cancer compared with postmenopausal women not on ERT, suggesting a role for estradiol (E2) in protection against this disease. To determine whether E2 protects against inflammation-associated colon cancer when administered following the initiation of colonic DNA damage, in this study, we implanted E2-containing pellets into mice after co-treatment with azoxymethane and two rounds of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Wild-type (WT) E2-treated mice had reduced numbers and average area of adenocarcinomas compared with the control mice. These effects were lost in estrogen receptor-β (Erβ (Esr2)) knockout mice. Surprisingly, apoptosis was reduced and cell proliferation was increased in sections from tumors of the WT E2 mice compared with the WT control mice. These findings are probably due, in part, to a reduction in ERβ expression in colonic epithelial cells as the cells progressed from a non-malignant to a cancerous state as enhanced apoptosis was observed in normal colonocytes expressing higher levels of ERβ. Furthermore, epithelial cells within the tumors had dramatically increased ERα mRNA and protein expression compared with the non-diseased mice. We conclude that while E2 treatment resulted in an overall suppression of colonic adenocarcinoma formation, reduced ERβ expression accompanied by enhanced ERα expression caused an altered colonocyte response to E2 treatment compared with the earlier stages of colon cancer development. These data are the first examples of decreased ERβ expression concurrent with increased ERα expression as a disease develops and highlight the importance of understanding the timing of E2 exposure with regard to the prevention of inflammation-associated colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron M Armstrong
- Departments of Nutrition and Food Science Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Cho J, Kim L, Li Z, Rose NR, Talor MV, Njoku DB. Sex bias in experimental immune-mediated, drug-induced liver injury in BALB/c mice: suggested roles for Tregs, estrogen, and IL-6. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61186. [PMID: 23577207 PMCID: PMC3618451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Immune-mediated, drug-induced liver injury (DILI) triggered by drug haptens is more prevalent in women than in men. However, mechanisms responsible for this sex bias are not clear. Immune regulation by CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and 17β-estradiol is crucial in the pathogenesis of sex bias in cancer and autoimmunity. Therefore, we investigated their role in a mouse model of immune-mediated DILI. METHODS To model DILI, we immunized BALB/c, BALB/cBy, IL-6-deficient, and castrated BALB/c mice with trifluoroacetyl chloride-haptenated liver proteins. We then measured degree of hepatitis, cytokines, antibodies, and Treg and splenocyte function. RESULTS BALB/c females developed more severe hepatitis (p<0.01) and produced more pro-inflammatory hepatic cytokines and antibodies (p<0.05) than did males. Castrated males developed more severe hepatitis than did intact males (p<0.001) and females (p<0.05). Splenocytes cultured from female mice exhibited fewer Tregs (p<0.01) and higher IL-1β (p<0.01) and IL-6 (p<0.05) than did those from males. However, Treg function did not differ by sex, as evidenced by absence of sex bias in programmed death receptor-1 and responses to IL-6, anti-IL-10, anti-CD3, and anti-CD28. Diminished hepatitis in IL-6-deficient, anti-IL-6 receptor α-treated, ovariectomized, or male mice; undetectable IL-6 levels in splenocyte supernatants from ovariectomized and male mice; elevated splenic IL-6 and serum estrogen levels in castrated male mice, and IL-6 induction by 17β-estradiol in splenocytes from naïve female mice (p<0.05) suggested that 17β-estradiol may enhance sex bias through IL-6 induction, which subsequently discourages Treg survival. Treg transfer from naïve female mice to those with DILI reduced hepatitis severity and hepatic IL-6. CONCLUSIONS 17β-estradiol and IL-6 may act synergistically to promote sex bias in experimental DILI by reducing Tregs. Modulating Treg numbers may provide a therapeutic approach to DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonhee Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lina Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zhaoxia Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Noel R. Rose
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The W. Harvey Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Monica Vladut Talor
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dolores B. Njoku
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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150
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Janzen DM, Cheng D, Schafenacker AM, Paik DY, Goldstein AS, Witte ON, Jaroszewicz A, Pellegrini M, Memarzadeh S. Estrogen and progesterone together expand murine endometrial epithelial progenitor cells. Stem Cells 2013; 31:808-22. [PMID: 23341289 PMCID: PMC3774116 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Synchronous with massive shifts in reproductive hormones, the uterus and its lining the endometrium expand to accommodate a growing fetus during pregnancy. In the absence of an embryo the endometrium, composed of epithelium and stroma, undergoes numerous hormonally regulated cycles of breakdown and regeneration. The hormonally mediated regenerative capacity of the endometrium suggests that signals that govern the growth of endometrial progenitors must be regulated by estrogen and progesterone. Here, we report an antigenic profile for isolation of mouse endometrial epithelial progenitors. These cells are EpCAM(+) CD44(+) ITGA6(hi) Thy1(-) PECAM1(-) PTPRC(-) Ter119(-), comprise a minor subpopulation of total endometrial epithelia and possess a gene expression profile that is unique and different from other cells of the endometrium. The epithelial progenitors of the endometrium could regenerate in vivo, undergo multilineage differentiation and proliferate. We show that the number of endometrial epithelial progenitors is regulated by reproductive hormones. Coadministration of estrogen and progesterone dramatically expanded the endometrial epithelial progenitor cell pool. This effect was not observed when estrogen or progesterone was administered alone. Despite the remarkable sensitivity to hormonal signals, endometrial epithelial progenitors do not express estrogen or progesterone receptors. Therefore, their hormonal regulation must be mediated through paracrine signals resulting from binding of steroid hormones to the progenitor cell niche. Discovery of signaling defects in endometrial epithelial progenitors or their niche can lead to development of better therapies in diseases of the endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- DM Janzen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - D Cheng
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - AM Schafenacker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - DY Paik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - AS Goldstein
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - ON Witte
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - A Jaroszewicz
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology
| | - M Pellegrini
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology
| | - S Memarzadeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- The VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
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