101
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Bulk M, Abdelmoula WM, Nabuurs RJA, van der Graaf LM, Mulders CWH, Mulder AA, Jost CR, Koster AJ, van Buchem MA, Natté R, Dijkstra J, van der Weerd L. Postmortem MRI and histology demonstrate differential iron accumulation and cortical myelin organization in early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 62:231-242. [PMID: 29195086 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous MRI studies reported cortical iron accumulation in early-onset (EOAD) compared to late-onset (LOAD) Alzheimer disease patients. However, the pattern and origin of iron accumulation is poorly understood. This study investigated the histopathological correlates of MRI contrast in both EOAD and LOAD. T2*-weighted MRI was performed on postmortem frontal cortex of controls, EOAD, and LOAD. Images were ordinally scored using predefined criteria followed by histology. Nonlinear histology-MRI registration was used to calculate pixel-wise spatial correlations based on the signal intensity. EOAD and LOAD were distinguishable based on 7T MRI from controls and from each other. Histology-MRI correlation analysis of the pixel intensities showed that the MRI contrast is best explained by increased iron accumulation and changes in cortical myelin, whereas amyloid and tau showed less spatial correspondence with T2*-weighted MRI. Neuropathologically, subtypes of Alzheimer's disease showed different patterns of iron accumulation and cortical myelin changes independent of amyloid and tau that may be detected by high-field susceptibility-based MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Bulk
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Percuros BV, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Walid M Abdelmoula
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rob J A Nabuurs
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Linda M van der Graaf
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Coen W H Mulders
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Aat A Mulder
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Electron Microscopy Section, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Carolina R Jost
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Electron Microscopy Section, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Abraham J Koster
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Electron Microscopy Section, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mark A van Buchem
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Remco Natté
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jouke Dijkstra
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Louise van der Weerd
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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102
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Marks ES, Bonnemaison ML, Brusnahan SK, Zhang W, Fan W, Garrison JC, Boesen EI. Renal iron accumulation occurs in lupus nephritis and iron chelation delays the onset of albuminuria. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12821. [PMID: 28993663 PMCID: PMC5634457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins involved in iron homeostasis have been identified as biomarkers for lupus nephritis, a serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We tested the hypothesis that renal iron accumulation occurs and contributes to renal injury in SLE. Renal non-heme iron levels were increased in the (New Zealand Black x New Zealand White) F1 (NZB/W) mouse model of lupus nephritis compared with healthy New Zealand White (NZW) mice in an age- and strain-dependent manner. Biodistribution studies revealed increased transferrin-bound iron accumulation in the kidneys of albuminuric NZB/W mice, but no difference in the accumulation of non-transferrin bound iron or ferritin. Transferrin excretion was significantly increased in albuminuric NZB/W mice, indicating enhanced tubular exposure and potential for enhanced tubular uptake following filtration. Expression of transferrin receptor and 24p3R were reduced in tubules from NZB/W compared to NZW mice, while ferroportin expression was unchanged and ferritin expression increased, consistent with increased iron accumulation and compensatory downregulation of uptake pathways. Treatment of NZB/W mice with the iron chelator deferiprone significantly delayed the onset of albuminuria and reduced blood urea nitrogen concentrations. Together, these findings suggest that pathological changes in renal iron homeostasis occurs in lupus nephritis, contributing to the development of kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen S Marks
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mathilde L Bonnemaison
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Susan K Brusnahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jered C Garrison
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Erika I Boesen
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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103
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Kim M, Lee H, Cho HJ, Young Chun S, Shin JH, Kim EJ, Woo Ahn J, Huh GY, Baek SY, Lee JH. Pathologic Correlation of Paramagnetic White Matter Lesions in Adult-Onset Leukoencephalopathy With Axonal Spheroids and Pigmented Glia. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 76:924-928. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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104
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Gardner B, Dieriks BV, Cameron S, Mendis LHS, Turner C, Faull RLM, Curtis MA. Metal concentrations and distributions in the human olfactory bulb in Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10454. [PMID: 28874699 PMCID: PMC5585381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), the olfactory bulb is typically the first region in the body to accumulate alpha-synuclein aggregates. This pathology is linked to decreased olfactory ability, which becomes apparent before any motor symptoms occur, and may be due to a local metal imbalance. Metal concentrations were investigated in post-mortem olfactory bulbs and tracts from 17 human subjects. Iron (p < 0.05) and sodium (p < 0.01) concentrations were elevated in the PD olfactory bulb. Combining laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and immunohistochemistry, iron and copper were evident at very low levels in regions of alpha-synuclein aggregation. Zinc was high in these regions, and free zinc was detected in Lewy bodies, mitochondria, and lipofuscin of cells in the anterior olfactory nucleus. Increased iron and sodium in the human PD olfactory bulb may relate to the loss of olfactory function. In contrast, colocalization of free zinc and alpha-synuclein in the anterior olfactory nucleus implicate zinc in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwen Gardner
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy with Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Birger V Dieriks
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy with Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Steve Cameron
- Waikato Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Lakshini H S Mendis
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy with Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Clinton Turner
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy with Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, LabPlus, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy with Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maurice A Curtis
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy with Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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105
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Delbosc S, Bayles RG, Laschet J, Ollivier V, Ho-Tin-Noé B, Touat Z, Deschildre C, Morvan M, Louedec L, Gouya L, Guedj K, Nicoletti A, Michel JB. Erythrocyte Efferocytosis by the Arterial Wall Promotes Oxidation in Early-Stage Atheroma in Humans. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:43. [PMID: 28824922 PMCID: PMC5539175 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since red blood cells (RBCs) are the predominant cellular blood component interacting with the arterial wall, we explored the role of RBCs efferocytosis by vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) in the initiation of human atheroma. Methods and results The comparison of human healthy aortas with aortic fatty streaks or fibroatheromas revealed that RBC angiophagy is implicated from the earliest stages of atherogenesis, as documented by the concomitant detection of redox-active iron, hemoglobin, glycophorin A, and ceroids. RBCs infiltration in the arterial wall was associated with local lipid and protein oxidation, as well as vascular response (expression of heme oxygenase-1 and of genes related to iron metabolism as well as those encoding for phagocytosis). These effects were recapitulated in vitro when vSMCs were co-cultured with phosphatidyl-exposing senescent (s) RBCs but not with fresh RBCs. VSMCs engulfing sRBC increased their intracellular iron content, accumulated hemoglobin, lipids, and activated their phagolysosomes. Strikingly, injections of sRBCs into rats promoted iron accumulation in the aortic wall. In rabbits, hypercholesterolemia increased circulating senescent RBCs and induced the subendothelial accumulation of iron-rich phagocytic foam cells. RBCs bring cholesterol and iron/heme into the vascular wall and interact with vSMCs that phagocytize them. Conclusion This study presents a previously unforeseen mechanism of plaque formation that implicates intimal RBC infiltration as one of the initial triggers for foam cell formation and intimal oxidation. Pathogenic effects exerted by several metabolic and hemodynamic factors may rely on their effect on RBC biology, thereby impacting how RBCs interact with the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Delbosc
- UMRS 1148, INSERM, Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Hôpital Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU "FIRE", Paris, France
| | - Richard Graham Bayles
- UMRS 1148, INSERM, Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Hôpital Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU "FIRE", Paris, France
| | - Jamila Laschet
- UMRS 1148, INSERM, Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Hôpital Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU "FIRE", Paris, France
| | - Veronique Ollivier
- UMRS 1148, INSERM, Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Hôpital Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU "FIRE", Paris, France
| | - Benoit Ho-Tin-Noé
- UMRS 1148, INSERM, Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Hôpital Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU "FIRE", Paris, France
| | - Ziad Touat
- UMRS 1148, INSERM, Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Hôpital Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU "FIRE", Paris, France
| | - Catherine Deschildre
- UMRS 1148, INSERM, Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Hôpital Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU "FIRE", Paris, France
| | - Marion Morvan
- UMRS 1148, INSERM, Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Hôpital Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU "FIRE", Paris, France
| | - Liliane Louedec
- UMRS 1148, INSERM, Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Hôpital Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU "FIRE", Paris, France
| | - Laurent Gouya
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU "FIRE", Paris, France.,UMRS 1149, INSERM, Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Hôpital Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Guedj
- UMRS 1148, INSERM, Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Hôpital Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU "FIRE", Paris, France
| | - Antonino Nicoletti
- UMRS 1148, INSERM, Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Hôpital Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU "FIRE", Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Michel
- UMRS 1148, INSERM, Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Hôpital Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU "FIRE", Paris, France
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106
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Dunham J, Bauer J, Campbell GR, Mahad DJ, van Driel N, van der Pol SMA, 't Hart BA, Lassmann H, Laman JD, van Horssen J, Kap YS. Oxidative Injury and Iron Redistribution Are Pathological Hallmarks of Marmoset Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 76:467-478. [PMID: 28505283 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage and iron redistribution are associated with the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS), but these aspects are not entirely replicated in rodent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models. Here, we report that oxidative burst and injury as well as redistribution of iron are hallmarks of the MS-like pathology in the EAE model in the common marmoset. Active lesions in the marmoset EAE brain display increased expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (p22phox, p47phox, and gp91phox) and inducible nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity within lesions with active inflammation and demyelination, coinciding with enhanced expression of mitochondrial heat-shock protein 70 and superoxide dismutase 1 and 2. The EAE lesion-associated liberation of iron (due to loss of iron-containing myelin) was associated with altered expression of the iron metabolic markers FtH1, lactoferrin, hephaestin, and ceruloplasmin. The enhanced expression of oxidative damage markers in inflammatory lesions indicates that the enhanced antioxidant enzyme expression could not counteract reactive oxygen and nitrogen species-induced cellular damage, as is also observed in MS brains. This study demonstrates that oxidative injury and aberrant iron distribution are prominent pathological hallmarks of marmoset EAE thus making this model suitable for therapeutic intervention studies aimed at reducing oxidative stress and associated iron dysmetabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordon Dunham
- From the Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands (JD, NvD, BAH, YSK); Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (JD, BAH, JDL); Medical University of Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Vienna, Austria (JB, HL); Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (GRC, DJM); and Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (SMAvdP, JvH)
| | - Jan Bauer
- From the Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands (JD, NvD, BAH, YSK); Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (JD, BAH, JDL); Medical University of Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Vienna, Austria (JB, HL); Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (GRC, DJM); and Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (SMAvdP, JvH)
| | - Graham R Campbell
- From the Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands (JD, NvD, BAH, YSK); Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (JD, BAH, JDL); Medical University of Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Vienna, Austria (JB, HL); Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (GRC, DJM); and Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (SMAvdP, JvH)
| | - Don J Mahad
- From the Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands (JD, NvD, BAH, YSK); Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (JD, BAH, JDL); Medical University of Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Vienna, Austria (JB, HL); Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (GRC, DJM); and Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (SMAvdP, JvH)
| | - Nikki van Driel
- From the Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands (JD, NvD, BAH, YSK); Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (JD, BAH, JDL); Medical University of Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Vienna, Austria (JB, HL); Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (GRC, DJM); and Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (SMAvdP, JvH)
| | - Susanne M A van der Pol
- From the Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands (JD, NvD, BAH, YSK); Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (JD, BAH, JDL); Medical University of Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Vienna, Austria (JB, HL); Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (GRC, DJM); and Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (SMAvdP, JvH)
| | - Bert A 't Hart
- From the Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands (JD, NvD, BAH, YSK); Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (JD, BAH, JDL); Medical University of Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Vienna, Austria (JB, HL); Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (GRC, DJM); and Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (SMAvdP, JvH)
| | - Hans Lassmann
- From the Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands (JD, NvD, BAH, YSK); Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (JD, BAH, JDL); Medical University of Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Vienna, Austria (JB, HL); Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (GRC, DJM); and Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (SMAvdP, JvH)
| | - Jon D Laman
- From the Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands (JD, NvD, BAH, YSK); Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (JD, BAH, JDL); Medical University of Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Vienna, Austria (JB, HL); Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (GRC, DJM); and Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (SMAvdP, JvH)
| | - Jack van Horssen
- From the Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands (JD, NvD, BAH, YSK); Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (JD, BAH, JDL); Medical University of Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Vienna, Austria (JB, HL); Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (GRC, DJM); and Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (SMAvdP, JvH)
| | - Yolanda S Kap
- From the Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands (JD, NvD, BAH, YSK); Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (JD, BAH, JDL); Medical University of Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Vienna, Austria (JB, HL); Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (GRC, DJM); and Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (SMAvdP, JvH)
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107
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Del Bigio MR, Phillips SM. Retroocular and Subdural Hemorrhage or Hemosiderin Deposits in Pediatric Autopsies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 76:313-322. [PMID: 28340081 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of hemosiderin in the optic nerve sheath and/or retina is sometimes used to estimate the timing of injury in infants or children with suspected non-accidental head trauma. To determine the prevalence of hemosiderin in deaths not associated with trauma, we performed a prospective study of retroocular orbital tissue, cranial convexity, and cervical spinal cord dura mater in infants and children <2.5 years age. In 53 cases of non-traumatic death, approximately 70% had blood or hemosiderin within the orbital fat, ocular muscles, and parasagittal cranial and/or cervical spinal subdural compartment. This bleeding is likely a consequence of the birth process. None had evidence of hemorrhage within the optic nerve sheath. Premature birth was less likely associated with orbital tissue hemorrhage. Caesarean section birth (mainly nonelective) was not associated with lower prevalence. Residual hemosiderin was identifiable up to 36 weeks postnatal age, suggesting gradual disappearance after birth. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (performed in the majority of cases) was not associated with acute hemorrhage. In 9 traumatic deaths, 6 had blood and/or hemosiderin within the optic nerve sheath. Knowledge of the potential presence and resolution of hemosiderin in these locations is important for medicolegal interpretation of childhood deaths associated with head or brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Del Bigio
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Diagnostic Services Manitoba, Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Susan M Phillips
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Diagnostic Services Manitoba, Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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108
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Hoshi K, Matsumoto Y, Ito H, Saito K, Honda T, Yamaguchi Y, Hashimoto Y. A unique glycan-isoform of transferrin in cerebrospinal fluid: A potential diagnostic marker for neurological diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2473-2478. [PMID: 28711405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is sequestered from blood by the blood-brain barrier and directly communicates with brain parenchymal interstitial fluid, leading to contain specific biomarkers of neurological diseases. SCOPE OF REVIEW CSF contains glycan isoforms of transferrin (Tf): one appears to be derived from the brain and the other from blood. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS CSF contains two glycan-isoforms; brain-type Tf and serum-type Tf. Glycan analysis and immunohistochemistry suggest that serum-type Tf having α2, 6sialylated glycans is derived from blood whereas brain-type Tf having GlcNAc-terminated glycans is derived from the choroid plexus, CSF producing tissue. The ratio of serum-type/brain-type Tf differentiates Alzheimer's disease from idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, which is an elderly dementia caused by abnormal metabolism of CSF. The ratios in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients were higher than those of controls and did not appear to be normally distributed. Indeed, detrended normal Quantile-Quantile plot analysis reveals the presence of an independent subgroup showing higher ratios in PD patients. The subgroup of PD shows higher levels of CSF α-synuclein than the rest, indicating that PD includes two subgroups, which differ in levels of brain-type Tf and α-synuclein. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Glycosylation in central nervous system appears to be unique. The unique glycan may be a tag for glycoprotein, which is biosynthesized in the central nervous system. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Neuro-glycoscience, edited by Kenji Kadomatsu and Hiroshi Kitagawa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoka Hoshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukushima Medical University, 1-Hikarigaoka, Fukushima-City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yuka Matsumoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1-Hikarigaoka, Fukushima-City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukushima Medical University, 1-Hikarigaoka, Fukushima-City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1-Hikarigaoka, Fukushima-City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Takashi Honda
- Department of Life Science, Fukushima Medical University, 1-Hikarigaoka, Fukushima-City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Structural Glycobiology Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hashimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukushima Medical University, 1-Hikarigaoka, Fukushima-City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
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109
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Corsetti G, Romano C, Stacchiotti A, Pasini E, Dioguardi FS. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis Triggered by Sub-Chronic Lead Exposure in Mice Spleen: a Histopathological Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 178:86-97. [PMID: 28012149 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0912-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is an environmental oncogenic metal that induces immunotoxicity and anaemia. Emerging evidence has linked Pb toxicity with endoplasmic reticulum-driven apoptosis and autophagy. Glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa (Grp78 or binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP)), a master endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, drives macrophage activation and regulates protein folding and calcium flux in response to heavy metals. The spleen may be involved in Pb poisoning due to its crucial role in erythrocatheresis and immune response, although there are no data to support this theory. Here, we found haematic and histopathological changes in the spleen of mice exposed to medium doses of Pb acetate (200 ppm-1 mM) in drinking water for 45 days. Pb deposition was also detected in organs such as the liver, kidney, brain, bone, blood and faeces, indicating an accumulation of this metal despite relatively short exposure time. Blood Pb content (BBL) reached 21.6 μg/dL; echinocytes and poikilocytes were found in Pb smears of treated group. Inside the spleen, higher Fe(II) and Fe(III) deposits inside macrophages were observed. Grp78 immunostaining, weakly expressed in spleen cells of control mice, after Pb exposure was specifically restricted to macrophages and megakaryocytes of the marginal zone of red pulp. Furthermore, Pb exposure induced superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) expression, cleaved caspase-3 and p62/SQSTM1, consistent with oxidative stress, apoptosis and dysregulated autophagy in spleen compartments. We suggest that even at a middle dose, oral Pb intake induces oxidant iron deposition in the spleen and that this may trigger sustained Grp78 redistribution to cells, thus leading to oxidative and autophagy dysfunction as early local reactions to this dangerous metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Corsetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Claudia Romano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stacchiotti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Evasio Pasini
- "S. Maugeri Foundation", IRCCS, Cardiology Division, Lumezzane Medical Centre, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco S Dioguardi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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110
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Popescu BF, Frischer JM, Webb SM, Tham M, Adiele RC, Robinson CA, Fitz-Gibbon PD, Weigand SD, Metz I, Nehzati S, George GN, Pickering IJ, Brück W, Hametner S, Lassmann H, Parisi JE, Yong G, Lucchinetti CF. Pathogenic implications of distinct patterns of iron and zinc in chronic MS lesions. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 134:45-64. [PMID: 28332093 PMCID: PMC5486634 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which oligodendrocytes, the CNS cells that stain most robustly for iron and myelin are the targets of injury. Metals are essential for normal CNS functioning, and metal imbalances have been linked to demyelination and neurodegeneration. Using a multidisciplinary approach involving synchrotron techniques, iron histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, we compared the distribution and quantification of iron and zinc in MS lesions to the surrounding normal appearing and periplaque white matter, and assessed the involvement of these metals in MS lesion pathogenesis. We found that the distribution of iron and zinc is heterogeneous in MS plaques, and with few remarkable exceptions they do not accumulate in chronic MS lesions. We show that brain iron tends to decrease with increasing age and disease duration of MS patients; reactive astrocytes organized in large astrogliotic areas in a subset of smoldering and inactive plaques accumulate iron and safely store it in ferritin; a subset of smoldering lesions do not contain a rim of iron-loaded macrophages/microglia; and the iron content of shadow plaques varies with the stage of remyelination. Zinc in MS lesions was generally decreased, paralleling myelin loss. Iron accumulates concentrically in a subset of chronic inactive lesions suggesting that not all iron rims around MS lesions equate with smoldering plaques. Upon degeneration of iron-loaded microglia/macrophages, astrocytes may form an additional protective barrier that may prevent iron-induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan F Popescu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 701 Queen Street, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, 701 Queen Street, Saskatoon City Hospital, Rm 5800, Saskatoon, SK, S7K 0M7, Canada.
| | - Josa M Frischer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samuel M Webb
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Mylyne Tham
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 701 Queen Street, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, 701 Queen Street, Saskatoon City Hospital, Rm 5800, Saskatoon, SK, S7K 0M7, Canada
| | - Reginald C Adiele
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 701 Queen Street, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, 701 Queen Street, Saskatoon City Hospital, Rm 5800, Saskatoon, SK, S7K 0M7, Canada
| | - Christopher A Robinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Saskatoon Health Region/College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Patrick D Fitz-Gibbon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen D Weigand
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Imke Metz
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susan Nehzati
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Graham N George
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Toxicology Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Toxicology Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Simon Hametner
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Guo Yong
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Claudia F Lucchinetti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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111
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Phosphate Starvation-Dependent Iron Mobilization Induces CLE14 Expression to Trigger Root Meristem Differentiation through CLV2/PEPR2 Signaling. Dev Cell 2017; 41:555-570.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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112
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Dong J, Piñeros MA, Li X, Yang H, Liu Y, Murphy AS, Kochian LV, Liu D. An Arabidopsis ABC Transporter Mediates Phosphate Deficiency-Induced Remodeling of Root Architecture by Modulating Iron Homeostasis in Roots. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:244-259. [PMID: 27847325 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The remodeling of root architecture is a major developmental response of plants to phosphate (Pi) deficiency and is thought to enhance a plant's ability to forage for the available Pi in topsoil. The underlying mechanism controlling this response, however, is poorly understood. In this study, we identified an Arabidopsis mutant, hps10 (hypersensitive to Pi starvation 10), which is morphologically normal under Pi sufficient condition but shows increased inhibition of primary root growth and enhanced production of lateral roots under Pi deficiency. hps10 is a previously identified allele (als3-3) of the ALUMINUM SENSITIVE3 (ALS3) gene, which is involved in plant tolerance to aluminum toxicity. Our results show that ALS3 and its interacting protein AtSTAR1 form an ABC transporter complex in the tonoplast. This protein complex mediates a highly electrogenic transport in Xenopus oocytes. Under Pi deficiency, als3 accumulates higher levels of Fe3+ in its roots than the wild type does. In Arabidopsis, LPR1 (LOW PHOSPHATE ROOT1) and LPR2 encode ferroxidases, which when mutated, reduce Fe3+ accumulation in roots and cause root growth to be insensitive to Pi deficiency. Here, we provide compelling evidence showing that ALS3 cooperates with LPR1/2 to regulate Pi deficiency-induced remodeling of root architecture by modulating Fe homeostasis in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Dong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Miguel A Piñeros
- USDA-ARS, Robert Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14580, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haibing Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Angus S Murphy
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Leon V Kochian
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 4J8, Canada
| | - Dong Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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113
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Ripa R, Dolfi L, Terrigno M, Pandolfini L, Savino A, Arcucci V, Groth M, Terzibasi Tozzini E, Baumgart M, Cellerino A. MicroRNA miR-29 controls a compensatory response to limit neuronal iron accumulation during adult life and aging. BMC Biol 2017; 15:9. [PMID: 28193224 PMCID: PMC5304403 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A widespread modulation of gene expression occurs in the aging brain, but little is known as to the upstream drivers of these changes. MicroRNAs emerged as fine regulators of gene expression in many biological contexts and they are modulated by age. MicroRNAs may therefore be part of the upstream drivers of the global gene expression modulation correlated with aging and aging-related phenotypes. Results Here, we show that microRNA-29 (miR-29) is induced during aging in short-lived turquoise killifish brain and genetic antagonism of its function induces a gene-expression signature typical of aging. Mechanicistically, we identified Ireb2 (a master gene for intracellular iron delivery that encodes for IRP2 protein), as a novel miR-29 target. MiR-29 is induced by iron loading and, in turn, it reduces IRP2 expression in vivo, therefore limiting intracellular iron delivery in neurons. Genetically modified fish with neuro-specific miR-29 deficiency exhibit increased levels of IRP2 and transferrin receptor, increased iron content, and oxidative stress. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that age-dependent miR-29 upregulation is an adaptive mechanism that counteracts the expression of some aging-related phenotypes and its anti-aging activity is primarily exerted by regulating intracellular iron homeostasis limiting excessive iron-exposure in neurons. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0354-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ripa
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Laboratory of Biology (Bio@SNS), c/o Istituto di Biofisica del CNR, via 17 Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Dolfi
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Laboratory of Biology (Bio@SNS), c/o Istituto di Biofisica del CNR, via 17 Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Terrigno
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Laboratory of Biology (Bio@SNS), c/o Istituto di Biofisica del CNR, via 17 Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Pandolfini
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | | | - Valeria Arcucci
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Laboratory of Biology (Bio@SNS), c/o Istituto di Biofisica del CNR, via 17 Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Groth
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Eva Terzibasi Tozzini
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Laboratory of Biology (Bio@SNS), c/o Istituto di Biofisica del CNR, via 17 Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Baumgart
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Alessandro Cellerino
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Laboratory of Biology (Bio@SNS), c/o Istituto di Biofisica del CNR, via 17 Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy. .,Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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114
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Rostoker G, Laroudie M, Blanc R, Galet B, Rabaté C, Griuncelli M, Cohen Y. Signal-intensity-ratio MRI accurately estimates hepatic iron load in hemodialysis patients. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00226. [PMID: 28124030 PMCID: PMC5220226 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Iron overload, diagnosed by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is an increasingly recognized disorder in hemodialysis patients. Specific MRI protocols have been shown to provide a reliable estimation of tissue iron content in non-renal patient populations but have not been validated in dialysis patients. Such validation studies require liver biopsy for histological comparison, but this invasive and risky procedure raises ethical concerns, especially regarding frail patients with end-stage renal disease. Materials and methods We compared in a pilot study Scheuer’s histological classification and Deugnier and Turlin’s histological classification of iron overload (Perls staining) with signal-intensity-ratio MRI values obtained with the Rennes University algorithm in 11 hemodialysis patients in whom liver biopsy was formally indicated for their medical follow-up. Results For Scheuer’s histological classification, the Wilcoxon non-parametric matched-pairs test showed no significant difference in the ranking of iron overload by the two methods eg histology and MRI (sum of ranks = 1.5; p = 1). The MRI and Scheuer’s histological classifications were tightly correlated (rho = 0.866, p = 0.0035, Spearman’s coefficient), as were the absolute liver iron concentrations (LIC) at MRI (rho = 0.860, p = 0.0013, Spearman’s coefficient). The absolute liver iron concentrations at MRI were also highly correlated with Deugnier and Turlin’s histological scoring (rho = 0.841, p = 0.0033, Spearman’s coefficient). Conclusions This pilot study shows that liver iron determination based on signal-intensity-ratio MRI (Rennes University algorithm) very accurately identifies iron load in hemodialysis patients, by comparison with liver histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Rostoker
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (Service Néphrologie et de Dialyse), Ramsay-Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé Claude Galien, Quincy sous Sénart, France
- Corresponding author.
| | - Mireille Laroudie
- Histopathology laboratory ACP Bievres (Laboratoire d’Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques (ACP) Bièvres), 7 avenue du Hoggar, 91940 les Ulis, France
| | - Raphaël Blanc
- Division of Angiography (Service de radiologie interventionnelle), Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé Claude Galien, Quincy sous Sénart, France
| | - Bernard Galet
- Histopathology laboratory ACP Bievres (Laboratoire d’Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques (ACP) Bièvres), 7 avenue du Hoggar, 91940 les Ulis, France
| | - Clémentine Rabaté
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (Service Néphrologie et de Dialyse), Ramsay-Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé Claude Galien, Quincy sous Sénart, France
| | - Mireille Griuncelli
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (Service Néphrologie et de Dialyse), Ramsay-Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé Claude Galien, Quincy sous Sénart, France
| | - Yves Cohen
- Division of Radiology (Service de Radiologie), Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé Claude Galien, Quincy sous Sénart, France
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115
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Dal-Bianco A, Grabner G, Kronnerwetter C, Weber M, Höftberger R, Berger T, Auff E, Leutmezer F, Trattnig S, Lassmann H, Bagnato F, Hametner S. Slow expansion of multiple sclerosis iron rim lesions: pathology and 7 T magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:25-42. [PMID: 27796537 PMCID: PMC5209400 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), iron accumulates inside activated microglia/macrophages at edges of some chronic demyelinated lesions, forming rims. In susceptibility-based magnetic resonance imaging at 7 T, iron-laden microglia/macrophages induce a rim of decreased signal at lesion edges and have been associated with slowly expanding lesions. We aimed to determine (1) what lesion types and stages are associated with iron accumulation at their edges, (2) what cells at the lesion edges accumulate iron and what is their activation status, (3) how reliably can iron accumulation at the lesion edge be detected by 7 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and (4) if lesions with rims enlarge over time in vivo, when compared to lesions without rims. Double-hemispheric brain sections of 28 MS cases were stained for iron, myelin, and microglia/macrophages. Prior to histology, 4 of these 28 cases were imaged at 7 T using post-mortem susceptibility-weighted imaging. In vivo, seven MS patients underwent annual neurological examinations and 7 T MRI for 3.5 years, using a fluid attenuated inversion recovery/susceptibility-weighted imaging fusion sequence. Pathologically, we found iron rims around slowly expanding and some inactive lesions but hardly around remyelinated shadow plaques. Iron in rims was mainly present in microglia/macrophages with a pro-inflammatory activation status, but only very rarely in astrocytes. Histological validation of post-mortem susceptibility-weighted imaging revealed a quantitative threshold of iron-laden microglia when a rim was visible. Slowly expanding lesions significantly exceeded this threshold, when compared with inactive lesions (p = 0.003). We show for the first time that rim lesions significantly expanded in vivo after 3.5 years, compared to lesions without rims (p = 0.003). Thus, slow expansion of MS lesions with rims, which reflects chronic lesion activity, may, in the future, become an MRI marker for disease activity in MS.
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116
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Kumar P, Bulk M, Webb A, van der Weerd L, Oosterkamp TH, Huber M, Bossoni L. A novel approach to quantify different iron forms in ex-vivo human brain tissue. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38916. [PMID: 27941952 PMCID: PMC5150947 DOI: 10.1038/srep38916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose a novel combination of methods to study the physical properties of ferric ions and iron-oxide nanoparticles in post-mortem human brain, based on the combination of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and SQUID magnetometry. By means of EPR, we derive the concentration of the low molecular weight iron pool, as well as the product of its electron spin relaxation times. Additionally, by SQUID magnetometry we identify iron mineralization products ascribable to a magnetite/maghemite phase and a ferrihydrite (ferritin) phase. We further derive the concentration of magnetite/maghemite and of ferritin nanoparticles. To test out the new combined methodology, we studied brain tissue of an Alzheimer’s patient and a healthy control. Finally, we estimate that the size of the magnetite/maghemite nanoparticles, whose magnetic moments are blocked at room temperature, exceeds 40–50 nm, which is not compatible with the ferritin protein, the core of which is typically 6–8 nm. We believe that this methodology could be beneficial in the study of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease which are characterized by abnormal iron accumulation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Kumar
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Bulk
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Webb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Louise van der Weerd
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tjerk H Oosterkamp
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Huber
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Bossoni
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
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117
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Heidari M, Johnstone DM, Bassett B, Graham RM, Chua ACG, House MJ, Collingwood JF, Bettencourt C, Houlden H, Ryten M, Olynyk JK, Trinder D, Milward EA. Brain iron accumulation affects myelin-related molecular systems implicated in a rare neurogenetic disease family with neuropsychiatric features. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1599-1607. [PMID: 26728570 PMCID: PMC5078858 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The 'neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation' (NBIA) disease family entails movement or cognitive impairment, often with psychiatric features. To understand how iron loading affects the brain, we studied mice with disruption of two iron regulatory genes, hemochromatosis (Hfe) and transferrin receptor 2 (Tfr2). Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy demonstrated increased iron in the Hfe-/- × Tfr2mut brain (P=0.002, n ≥5/group), primarily localized by Perls' staining to myelinated structures. Western immunoblotting showed increases of the iron storage protein ferritin light polypeptide and microarray and real-time reverse transcription-PCR revealed decreased transcript levels (P<0.04, n ≥5/group) for five other NBIA genes, phospholipase A2 group VI, fatty acid 2-hydroxylase, ceruloplasmin, chromosome 19 open reading frame 12 and ATPase type 13A2. Apart from the ferroxidase ceruloplasmin, all are involved in myelin homeostasis; 16 other myelin-related genes also showed reduced expression (P<0.05), although gross myelin structure and integrity appear unaffected (P>0.05). Overlap (P<0.0001) of differentially expressed genes in Hfe-/- × Tfr2mut brain with human gene co-expression networks suggests iron loading influences expression of NBIA-related and myelin-related genes co-expressed in normal human basal ganglia. There was overlap (P<0.0001) of genes differentially expressed in Hfe-/- × Tfr2mut brain and post-mortem NBIA basal ganglia. Hfe-/- × Tfr2mut mice were hyperactive (P<0.0112) without apparent cognitive impairment by IntelliCage testing (P>0.05). These results implicate myelin-related systems involved in NBIA neuropathogenesis in early responses to iron loading. This may contribute to behavioral symptoms in NBIA and hemochromatosis and is relevant to patients with abnormal iron status and psychiatric disorders involving myelin abnormalities or resistant to conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heidari
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - D M Johnstone
- Bosch Institute and Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - B Bassett
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - R M Graham
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute - Biosciences, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - A C G Chua
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - M J House
- School of Physics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - J F Collingwood
- Warwick Engineering in Biomedicine, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - C Bettencourt
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK,Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - H Houlden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - M Ryten
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J K Olynyk
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute - Biosciences, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, WA, Australia,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Murdoch, WA, Australia,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - D Trinder
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - E A Milward
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy MSB, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. E-mail:
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118
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Uberti F, Morsanuto V, Bardelli C, Molinari C. Protective effects of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on cultured neural cells exposed to catalytic iron. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/11/e12769. [PMID: 27252250 PMCID: PMC4908484 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have postulated a role for vitamin D and its receptor on cerebral function, and anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects have been described; vitamin D can inhibit proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide synthesis during various neurodegenerative insults, and may be considered as a potential drug for the treatment of these disorders. In addition, iron is crucial for neuronal development and neurotransmitter production in the brain, but its accumulation as catalytic form (Fe3+) impairs brain function and causes the dysregulation of iron metabolism leading to tissue damage due to the formation of toxic free radicals (ROS). This research was planned to study the role of vitamin D to prevent iron damage in neuroblastoma BE(2)M17 cells. Mechanisms involved in neurodegeneration, including cell viability, ROS production, and the most common intracellular pathways were studied. Pretreatment with calcitriol (the active form of vitamin D) reduced cellular injury induced by exposure to catalytic iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Uberti
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, UPO - University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Vera Morsanuto
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, UPO - University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Claudio Bardelli
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, UPO - University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Claudio Molinari
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, UPO - University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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119
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Dusek P, Bahn E, Litwin T, Jabłonka-Salach K, Łuciuk A, Huelnhagen T, Madai VI, Dieringer MA, Bulska E, Knauth M, Niendorf T, Sobesky J, Paul F, Schneider SA, Czlonkowska A, Brück W, Wegner C, Wuerfel J. Brain iron accumulation in Wilson disease: apost mortem7 Tesla MRI - histopathological study. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2016; 43:514-532. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Dusek
- Institute of Neuroradiology; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience; 1 Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague; Charles University in Prague; Praha Czech Republic
| | - E. Bahn
- Institute of Neuropathology; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - T. Litwin
- 2 Department of Neurology; Institute Psychiatry and Neurology; Warsaw Poland
| | - K. Jabłonka-Salach
- Faculty of Chemistry; Biological and Chemical Research Centre; University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - A. Łuciuk
- Faculty of Chemistry; Biological and Chemical Research Centre; University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - T. Huelnhagen
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.); Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association; Berlin Germany
| | - V. I. Madai
- Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB); Charité-Universitätsmedizin; Berlin Germany
| | - M. A. Dieringer
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.); Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association; Berlin Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC); Charité-Universitätsmedizin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC); Berlin Germany
| | - E. Bulska
- Faculty of Chemistry; Biological and Chemical Research Centre; University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - M. Knauth
- Institute of Neuroradiology; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - T. Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.); Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association; Berlin Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC); Charité-Universitätsmedizin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC); Berlin Germany
| | - J. Sobesky
- Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB); Charité-Universitätsmedizin; Berlin Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC); Charité-Universitätsmedizin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC); Berlin Germany
| | - F. Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC); Charité-Universitätsmedizin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC); Berlin Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center; Department of Neurology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin; Berlin Germany
| | - S. A. Schneider
- Neurology Department; University of Kiel; Kiel Germany
- Department of Neurology; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
| | - A. Czlonkowska
- 2 Department of Neurology; Institute Psychiatry and Neurology; Warsaw Poland
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology; Medical University; Warsaw Poland
| | - W. Brück
- Institute of Neuropathology; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - C. Wegner
- Institute of Neuropathology; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - J. Wuerfel
- Institute of Neuroradiology; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center; Department of Neurology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin; Berlin Germany
- Medical Imaging Analysis Center AG; Basel Switzerland
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Sands SA, Leung-Toung R, Wang Y, Connelly J, LeVine SM. Enhanced Histochemical Detection of Iron in Paraffin Sections of Mouse Central Nervous System Tissue: Application in the APP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. ASN Neuro 2016; 8:1759091416670978. [PMID: 27683879 PMCID: PMC5043597 DOI: 10.1177/1759091416670978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histochemical methods of detecting iron in the rodent brain result mainly in the labeling of oligodendrocytes, but as all cells utilize iron, this observation suggests that much of the iron in the central nervous system goes undetected. Paraffin embedding of tissue is a standard procedure that is used to prepare sections for microscopic analysis. In the present study, we questioned whether we could modify the iron histochemical procedure to enable a greater detection of iron in paraffin sections. Indeed, various modifications led to the widespread labeling of iron in mouse brain tissue (for instance, labeling of neurons and neuropil). Sites of focal concentrations, such as cytoplasmic punctate or nucleolar staining, were also observed. The modified procedures were applied to paraffin sections of a mouse model (APP/PS1) of Alzheimer's disease. Iron was revealed in the plaque core and rim. The plaque rim had a fibrillary or granular appearance, and it frequently contained iron-labeled cells. Further analysis indicated that the iron was tightly associated with the core of the plaque, but less so with the rim. In conclusion, modifications to the histochemical staining revealed new insights into the deposition of iron in the central nervous system. In theory, the approach should be transferrable to organs besides the brain and to other species, and the underlying principles should be incorporable into a variety of staining methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Sands
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, KS, USA
| | | | | | | | - Steven M LeVine
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, KS, USA
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Xiong XY, Liu L, Wang FX, Yang YR, Hao JW, Wang PF, Zhong Q, Zhou K, Xiong A, Zhu WY, Zhao T, Meng ZY, Wang YC, Gong QW, Liao MF, Wang J, Yang QW. Toll-Like Receptor 4/MyD88-Mediated Signaling of Hepcidin Expression Causing Brain Iron Accumulation, Oxidative Injury, and Cognitive Impairment After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Circulation 2016; 134:1025-1038. [PMID: 27576776 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.021881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbance of brain iron metabolism after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results in oxidative brain injury and cognition impairment. Hepcidin plays an important role in regulating iron metabolism, and we have reported that serum hepcidin is positively correlated with poor outcomes in patients with ICH. However, the roles of hepcidin in brain iron metabolism after ICH remain largely unknown. METHODS Parabiosis and ICH models combined with in vivo and in vitro experiments were used to investigate the roles of hepcidin in brain iron metabolism after ICH. RESULTS Increased hepcidin-25 was found in serum and primarily in astrocytes after ICH. The brain iron efflux, oxidative brain injury, and cognition impairment were improved in Hepc-/- ICH mice but aggravated by the human hepcidin-25 peptide in C57BL/6 ICH mice. Data obtained in in vitro studies showed that increased hepcidin inhibited the intracellular iron efflux of brain microvascular endothelial cells but was rescued by a hepcidin antagonist, fursultiamine. Using parabiosis ICH models also shows that increased serum hepcidin prevents brain iron efflux. In addition, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/MyD88 signaling pathway increased hepcidin expression by promoting interleukin-6 expression and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation. TLR4-/- and MyD88-/- mice exhibited improvement in brain iron efflux at 7, 14, and 28 days after ICH, and the TLR4 antagonist (6R)-6-[N-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate significantly decreased brain iron levels at days 14 and 28 after ICH and improved cognition impairment at day 28. CONCLUSIONS The results presented here show that increased hepcidin expression caused by inflammation prevents brain iron efflux via inhibition of the intracellular iron efflux of brain microvascular endothelial cells entering into circulation and aggravating oxidative brain injury and cognition impairment, which identifies a mechanistic target for muting inflammation to promote brain iron efflux and to attenuate oxidative brain injury after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Xiong
- From Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China (X.-Y.X., L.L., F.-X.W., Y.-R.Y., Q.Z., K.Z., W.-Y.Z., T.Z., Z.-Y.M., Y.-C.W., Q.-W.G., M.-F.L., Q.-W.Y.); Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurorepair and Regeneration, Tianjin and Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.-W.H.); Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China (P.-F.W.); Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (A.X.); and Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (J.W.)
| | - Liang Liu
- From Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China (X.-Y.X., L.L., F.-X.W., Y.-R.Y., Q.Z., K.Z., W.-Y.Z., T.Z., Z.-Y.M., Y.-C.W., Q.-W.G., M.-F.L., Q.-W.Y.); Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurorepair and Regeneration, Tianjin and Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.-W.H.); Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China (P.-F.W.); Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (A.X.); and Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (J.W.)
| | - Fa-Xiang Wang
- From Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China (X.-Y.X., L.L., F.-X.W., Y.-R.Y., Q.Z., K.Z., W.-Y.Z., T.Z., Z.-Y.M., Y.-C.W., Q.-W.G., M.-F.L., Q.-W.Y.); Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurorepair and Regeneration, Tianjin and Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.-W.H.); Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China (P.-F.W.); Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (A.X.); and Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (J.W.)
| | - Yuan-Rui Yang
- From Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China (X.-Y.X., L.L., F.-X.W., Y.-R.Y., Q.Z., K.Z., W.-Y.Z., T.Z., Z.-Y.M., Y.-C.W., Q.-W.G., M.-F.L., Q.-W.Y.); Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurorepair and Regeneration, Tianjin and Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.-W.H.); Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China (P.-F.W.); Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (A.X.); and Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (J.W.)
| | - Jun-Wei Hao
- From Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China (X.-Y.X., L.L., F.-X.W., Y.-R.Y., Q.Z., K.Z., W.-Y.Z., T.Z., Z.-Y.M., Y.-C.W., Q.-W.G., M.-F.L., Q.-W.Y.); Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurorepair and Regeneration, Tianjin and Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.-W.H.); Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China (P.-F.W.); Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (A.X.); and Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (J.W.)
| | - Peng-Fei Wang
- From Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China (X.-Y.X., L.L., F.-X.W., Y.-R.Y., Q.Z., K.Z., W.-Y.Z., T.Z., Z.-Y.M., Y.-C.W., Q.-W.G., M.-F.L., Q.-W.Y.); Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurorepair and Regeneration, Tianjin and Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.-W.H.); Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China (P.-F.W.); Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (A.X.); and Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (J.W.)
| | - Qi Zhong
- From Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China (X.-Y.X., L.L., F.-X.W., Y.-R.Y., Q.Z., K.Z., W.-Y.Z., T.Z., Z.-Y.M., Y.-C.W., Q.-W.G., M.-F.L., Q.-W.Y.); Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurorepair and Regeneration, Tianjin and Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.-W.H.); Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China (P.-F.W.); Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (A.X.); and Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (J.W.)
| | - Kai Zhou
- From Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China (X.-Y.X., L.L., F.-X.W., Y.-R.Y., Q.Z., K.Z., W.-Y.Z., T.Z., Z.-Y.M., Y.-C.W., Q.-W.G., M.-F.L., Q.-W.Y.); Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurorepair and Regeneration, Tianjin and Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.-W.H.); Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China (P.-F.W.); Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (A.X.); and Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (J.W.)
| | - Ao Xiong
- From Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China (X.-Y.X., L.L., F.-X.W., Y.-R.Y., Q.Z., K.Z., W.-Y.Z., T.Z., Z.-Y.M., Y.-C.W., Q.-W.G., M.-F.L., Q.-W.Y.); Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurorepair and Regeneration, Tianjin and Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.-W.H.); Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China (P.-F.W.); Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (A.X.); and Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (J.W.)
| | - Wen-Yao Zhu
- From Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China (X.-Y.X., L.L., F.-X.W., Y.-R.Y., Q.Z., K.Z., W.-Y.Z., T.Z., Z.-Y.M., Y.-C.W., Q.-W.G., M.-F.L., Q.-W.Y.); Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurorepair and Regeneration, Tianjin and Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.-W.H.); Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China (P.-F.W.); Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (A.X.); and Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (J.W.)
| | - Ting Zhao
- From Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China (X.-Y.X., L.L., F.-X.W., Y.-R.Y., Q.Z., K.Z., W.-Y.Z., T.Z., Z.-Y.M., Y.-C.W., Q.-W.G., M.-F.L., Q.-W.Y.); Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurorepair and Regeneration, Tianjin and Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.-W.H.); Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China (P.-F.W.); Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (A.X.); and Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (J.W.)
| | - Zhao-You Meng
- From Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China (X.-Y.X., L.L., F.-X.W., Y.-R.Y., Q.Z., K.Z., W.-Y.Z., T.Z., Z.-Y.M., Y.-C.W., Q.-W.G., M.-F.L., Q.-W.Y.); Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurorepair and Regeneration, Tianjin and Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.-W.H.); Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China (P.-F.W.); Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (A.X.); and Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (J.W.)
| | - Yan-Chun Wang
- From Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China (X.-Y.X., L.L., F.-X.W., Y.-R.Y., Q.Z., K.Z., W.-Y.Z., T.Z., Z.-Y.M., Y.-C.W., Q.-W.G., M.-F.L., Q.-W.Y.); Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurorepair and Regeneration, Tianjin and Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.-W.H.); Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China (P.-F.W.); Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (A.X.); and Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (J.W.)
| | - Qiu-Wen Gong
- From Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China (X.-Y.X., L.L., F.-X.W., Y.-R.Y., Q.Z., K.Z., W.-Y.Z., T.Z., Z.-Y.M., Y.-C.W., Q.-W.G., M.-F.L., Q.-W.Y.); Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurorepair and Regeneration, Tianjin and Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.-W.H.); Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China (P.-F.W.); Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (A.X.); and Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (J.W.)
| | - Mao-Fan Liao
- From Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China (X.-Y.X., L.L., F.-X.W., Y.-R.Y., Q.Z., K.Z., W.-Y.Z., T.Z., Z.-Y.M., Y.-C.W., Q.-W.G., M.-F.L., Q.-W.Y.); Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurorepair and Regeneration, Tianjin and Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.-W.H.); Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China (P.-F.W.); Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (A.X.); and Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (J.W.)
| | - Jian Wang
- From Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China (X.-Y.X., L.L., F.-X.W., Y.-R.Y., Q.Z., K.Z., W.-Y.Z., T.Z., Z.-Y.M., Y.-C.W., Q.-W.G., M.-F.L., Q.-W.Y.); Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurorepair and Regeneration, Tianjin and Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.-W.H.); Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China (P.-F.W.); Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (A.X.); and Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (J.W.)
| | - Qing-Wu Yang
- From Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China (X.-Y.X., L.L., F.-X.W., Y.-R.Y., Q.Z., K.Z., W.-Y.Z., T.Z., Z.-Y.M., Y.-C.W., Q.-W.G., M.-F.L., Q.-W.Y.); Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurorepair and Regeneration, Tianjin and Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.-W.H.); Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China (P.-F.W.); Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (A.X.); and Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (J.W.).
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Terzian Z, Gasser TC, Blackwell F, Hyafil F, Louedec L, Deschildre C, Ghodbane W, Dorent R, Nicoletti A, Morvan M, Nejjari M, Feldman L, Pavon-Djavid G, Michel JB. Peristrut microhemorrhages: a possible cause of in-stent neoatherosclerosis? Cardiovasc Pathol 2016; 26:30-38. [PMID: 27865168 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In-stent neoatherosclerosis is characterized by the delayed appearance of markers of atheroma in the subintima, but the pathophysiology underlying this new disease entity remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We collected 20 human coronary artery stents by removal from explanted hearts. The mean duration of stent implantation was 34 months. In all samples, neoatherosclerosis was detected, particularly in peristrut areas. It consisted of foam cells and cholesterol clefts, with or without calcification, associated with neovascularization. Iron and glycophorin-A were present in peristrut areas, as well as autofluorescent ceroids. Moreover, in response to neoatherosclerosis, tertiary lymphoid organs (tissue lymphoid clusters) often developed in the adventitia. Some of these features could be reproduced in an experimental carotid stenting model in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet. Foam cells were present in all samples, and peristrut red blood cells (RBCs) were also detected, as shown by iron deposits and Bandeiraea simplicifiola isolectin-B4 staining of RBC membranes. Finally, in silico models were used to evaluate the compliance mismatch between the rigid struts and the distensible arterial wall using finite element analysis. They show that stenting approximately doubles the local von Mises stress in the intimal layer. CONCLUSIONS We show here that stent implantation both in human and in rabbit arteries is characterized by local peristrut microhemorrhages and finally by both cholesterol accumulation and oxidation, triggering together in-stent neoatherosclerosis. Our data indicate that these processes are likely initiated by an increased mechanical stress due to the compliance mismatch between the rigid stent and the soft wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaven Terzian
- INSERM U1148, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Departments of Cardiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Cardiac Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU-FIRE, RHU iVASC, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - T Christian Gasser
- Department of Solid Mechanics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francis Blackwell
- INSERM U1148, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Departments of Cardiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Cardiac Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU-FIRE, RHU iVASC, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Hyafil
- INSERM U1148, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Departments of Cardiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Cardiac Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU-FIRE, RHU iVASC, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Liliane Louedec
- INSERM U1148, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Deschildre
- INSERM U1148, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Walid Ghodbane
- Departments of Cardiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Cardiac Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU-FIRE, RHU iVASC, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Richard Dorent
- INSERM U1148, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Departments of Cardiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Cardiac Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU-FIRE, RHU iVASC, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Antonino Nicoletti
- INSERM U1148, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Marion Morvan
- INSERM U1148, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Mohammed Nejjari
- INSERM U1148, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Interventional Cardiology, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Laurent Feldman
- INSERM U1148, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Departments of Cardiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Cardiac Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU-FIRE, RHU iVASC, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Graciela Pavon-Djavid
- INSERM U1148, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Paris13-Nord University-Villetaneuse, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Michel
- INSERM U1148, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.
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Pellegrino RM, Boda E, Montarolo F, Boero M, Mezzanotte M, Saglio G, Buffo A, Roetto A. Transferrin Receptor 2 Dependent Alterations of Brain Iron Metabolism Affect Anxiety Circuits in the Mouse. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30725. [PMID: 27477597 PMCID: PMC4967901 DOI: 10.1038/srep30725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transferrin Receptor 2 (Tfr2) modulates systemic iron metabolism through the regulation of iron regulator Hepcidin (Hepc) and Tfr2 inactivation causes systemic iron overload. Based on data demonstrating Tfr2 expression in brain, we analysed Tfr2-KO mice in order to examine the molecular, histological and behavioural consequences of Tfr2 silencing in this tissue. Tfr2 abrogation caused an accumulation of iron in specific districts in the nervous tissue that was not accompanied by a brain Hepc response. Moreover, Tfr2-KO mice presented a selective overactivation of neurons in the limbic circuit and the emergence of an anxious-like behaviour. Furthermore, microglial cells showed a particular sensitivity to iron perturbation. We conclude that Tfr2 is a key regulator of brain iron homeostasis and propose a role for Tfr2 alpha in the regulation of anxiety circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maria Pellegrino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,AOU San Luigi Regione Gonzole 10043 Orbassano Turin, Italy
| | - Enrica Boda
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi Regione Gonzole 10043 Orbassano Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Montarolo
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi Regione Gonzole 10043 Orbassano Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Boero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,AOU San Luigi Regione Gonzole 10043 Orbassano Turin, Italy
| | - Mariarosa Mezzanotte
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,AOU San Luigi Regione Gonzole 10043 Orbassano Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,AOU San Luigi Regione Gonzole 10043 Orbassano Turin, Italy
| | - Annalisa Buffo
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi Regione Gonzole 10043 Orbassano Turin, Italy
| | - Antonella Roetto
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,AOU San Luigi Regione Gonzole 10043 Orbassano Turin, Italy
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124
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Chen K, Lin G, Haelterman NA, Ho TSY, Li T, Li Z, Duraine L, Graham BH, Jaiswal M, Yamamoto S, Rasband MN, Bellen HJ. Loss of Frataxin induces iron toxicity, sphingolipid synthesis, and Pdk1/Mef2 activation, leading to neurodegeneration. eLife 2016; 5:e16043. [PMID: 27343351 PMCID: PMC4956409 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Frataxin (FXN) cause Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), a recessive neurodegenerative disorder. Previous studies have proposed that loss of FXN causes mitochondrial dysfunction, which triggers elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and leads to the demise of neurons. Here we describe a ROS independent mechanism that contributes to neurodegeneration in fly FXN mutants. We show that loss of frataxin homolog (fh) in Drosophila leads to iron toxicity, which in turn induces sphingolipid synthesis and ectopically activates 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1 (Pdk1) and myocyte enhancer factor-2 (Mef2). Dampening iron toxicity, inhibiting sphingolipid synthesis by Myriocin, or reducing Pdk1 or Mef2 levels, all effectively suppress neurodegeneration in fh mutants. Moreover, increasing dihydrosphingosine activates Mef2 activity through PDK1 in mammalian neuronal cell line suggesting that the mechanisms are evolutionarily conserved. Our results indicate that an iron/sphingolipid/Pdk1/Mef2 pathway may play a role in FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuchuan Chen
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Guang Lin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Nele A Haelterman
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Tammy Szu-Yu Ho
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Tongchao Li
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Lita Duraine
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Brett H Graham
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Manish Jaiswal
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, United States
| | - Matthew N Rasband
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, United States
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125
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Miller EP, Auerbach H, Schünemann V, Tymon T, Carrano CJ. Surface binding, localization and storage of iron in the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera. Metallomics 2016; 8:403-11. [PMID: 27009567 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00027d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for all living organisms due to its ubiquitous role in redox and other enzymes, especially in the context of respiration and photosynthesis. Although the iron uptake and storage mechanisms of terrestrial/higher plants have been well-studied, the corresponding systems in marine algae have received far less attention. While the iron many marine algae take up from the environment, irrespective of its detailed internalization mechanism, arrives at the cell surface by diffusion, there is growing evidence for more "active" means of concentrating this element prior to uptake. It has been well established in both laboratory and environmentally derived samples, that a large amount of iron can be "non-specifically" adsorbed to the surface of marine algae. While this phenomenon is widely recognized and has prompted the development of experimental protocols to eliminate its contribution to iron uptake studies, its potential biological significance as a concentrated iron storage source for marine algae is only now being recognized. In this study, using an interdisciplinary array of techniques, we show that the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera also displays significant cell surface bound iron although less than that seen with the related brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus. The iron on the surface is likely bound to carboxylate groups and once inside the iron is found to localize differently depending on cell type. Iron appears to be stored in an as yet undefined mineral phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA.
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126
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Glucose is a key driver for GLUT1-mediated nanoparticles internalization in breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21629. [PMID: 26899926 PMCID: PMC4761954 DOI: 10.1038/srep21629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mesenchymal state in cancer is usually associated with poor prognosis due to the metastatic predisposition and the hyper-activated metabolism. Exploiting cell glucose metabolism we propose a new method to detect mesenchymal-like cancer cells. We demonstrate that the uptake of glucose-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) by mesenchymal-like cells remains constant when the glucose in the medium is increased from low (5.5 mM) to high (25 mM) concentration, while the MNPs uptake by epithelial-like cells is significantly reduced. These findings reveal that the glucose-shell of MNPs plays a major role in recognition of cells with high-metabolic activity. By selectively blocking the glucose transporter 1 channels we showed its involvement in the internalization process of glucose-coated MNPs. Our results suggest that glucose-coated MNPs can be used for metabolic-based assays aimed at detecting cancer cells and that can be used to selectively target cancer cells taking advantage, for instance, of the magnetic-thermotherapy.
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127
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Hare DJ, New EJ. On the outside looking in: redefining the role of analytical chemistry in the biosciences. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:8918-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00128a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Analytical chemistry has much to offer to an improved understanding of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic J. Hare
- Elemental Bio-imaging Facility
- University of Technology Sydney
- Broadway
- Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
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128
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Owen JE, Bishop GM, Robinson SR. Uptake and Toxicity of Hemin and Iron in Cultured Mouse Astrocytes. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:298-306. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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129
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Hackett MJ, Aitken JB, El-Assaad F, McQuillan JA, Carter EA, Ball HJ, Tobin MJ, Paterson D, de Jonge MD, Siegele R, Cohen DD, Vogt S, Grau GE, Hunt NH, Lay PA. Mechanisms of murine cerebral malaria: Multimodal imaging of altered cerebral metabolism and protein oxidation at hemorrhage sites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1500911. [PMID: 26824064 PMCID: PMC4730848 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Using a multimodal biospectroscopic approach, we settle several long-standing controversies over the molecular mechanisms that lead to brain damage in cerebral malaria, which is a major health concern in developing countries because of high levels of mortality and permanent brain damage. Our results provide the first conclusive evidence that important components of the pathology of cerebral malaria include peroxidative stress and protein oxidation within cerebellar gray matter, which are colocalized with elevated nonheme iron at the site of microhemorrhage. Such information could not be obtained previously from routine imaging methods, such as electron microscopy, fluorescence, and optical microscopy in combination with immunocytochemistry, or from bulk assays, where the level of spatial information is restricted to the minimum size of tissue that can be dissected. We describe the novel combination of chemical probe-free, multimodal imaging to quantify molecular markers of disturbed energy metabolism and peroxidative stress, which were used to provide new insights into understanding the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. In addition to these mechanistic insights, the approach described acts as a template for the future use of multimodal biospectroscopy for understanding the molecular processes involved in a range of clinically important acute and chronic (neurodegenerative) brain diseases to improve treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Hackett
- School of Chemistry and Vibrational Spectroscopy Core Facility, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Jade B. Aitken
- School of Chemistry and Vibrational Spectroscopy Core Facility, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Fatima El-Assaad
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - James A. McQuillan
- Molecular Immunopathology Unit, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Carter
- School of Chemistry and Vibrational Spectroscopy Core Facility, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Helen J. Ball
- Molecular Immunopathology Unit, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Mark J. Tobin
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - David Paterson
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Martin D. de Jonge
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Rainer Siegele
- Institute for Environmental Research, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - David D. Cohen
- Institute for Environmental Research, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Georges E. Grau
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Nicholas H. Hunt
- Molecular Immunopathology Unit, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Peter A. Lay
- School of Chemistry and Vibrational Spectroscopy Core Facility, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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130
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Baiu DC, Artz NS, McElreath MR, Menapace BD, Hernando D, Reeder SB, Grüttner C, Otto M. High specificity targeting and detection of human neuroblastoma using multifunctional anti-GD2 iron-oxide nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:2973-2988. [PMID: 26420448 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To develop biocompatible, tumor-specific multifunctional iron-oxide nanoconstructs targeting neuroblastoma, an aggressive pediatric malignancy. MATERIALS & METHODS Clinical-grade humanized monoclonal antibody (hu14.18K322A), designed to target GD2 antigen on neuroblastoma with reduced nonspecific immune interactions, was conjugated to hydroxyethyl starch-coated iron-oxide nanoparticles. Targeting capability in vitro and in vivo was assessed by immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, analytical spectrophotometry, histochemistry and magnetic resonance R2* relaxometry. RESULTS The biocompatible nanoconstructs demonstrated high tumor specificity in vitro and in vivo, and low background uptake in a mouse flank xenograft model. Specific accumulation in tumors enabled particle visualization and quantification by magnetic resonance R2* mapping. CONCLUSION Our findings support the further development toward clinical application of this anti-GD2 iron-oxide nanoconstruct as diagnostic and therapeutic scaffold for neuroblastoma and potentially other GD2-positive malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C Baiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology & Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nathan S Artz
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering, Medicine & Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Meghan R McElreath
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology & Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Bryan D Menapace
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology & Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Diego Hernando
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering, Medicine & Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Scott B Reeder
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering, Medicine & Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Mario Otto
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology & Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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131
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Strahle JM, Garton T, Bazzi AA, Kilaru H, Garton HJL, Maher CO, Muraszko KM, Keep RF, Xi G. Role of hemoglobin and iron in hydrocephalus after neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 2015; 75:696-705; discussion 706. [PMID: 25121790 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal germinal matrix hemorrhage/intraventricular hemorrhage is common and often results in hydrocephalus. The pathogenesis of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To explore the potential role of hemoglobin and iron released after hemorrhage. METHODS Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF), hemoglobin, or iron was injected into the right lateral ventricle of postnatal day-7 Sprague Dawley rats. Ventricle size, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, and the presence of iron were evaluated 24 and 72 hours after injection. A subset of animals was treated with an iron chelator (deferoxamine) or vehicle for 24 hours after hemoglobin injection, and ventricle size and cell death were evaluated. RESULTS Intraventricular injection of hemoglobin and iron resulted in ventricular enlargement at 24 hours compared with the injection of aCSF. Protoporphyrin IX, the iron-deficient immediate heme precursor, did not result in ventricular enlargement after injection into the ventricle. HO-1, the enzyme that releases iron from heme, was increased in the hippocampus and cortex of hemoglobin-injected animals at 24 hours compared with aCSF-injected controls. Treatment with an iron chelator, deferoxamine, decreased hemoglobin-induced ventricular enlargement and cell death. CONCLUSION Intraventricular injection of hemoglobin and iron can induce hydrocephalus. Treatment with an iron chelator reduced hemoglobin-induced ventricular enlargement. This has implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. ABBREVIATIONS aCSF, artificial cerebrospinal fluidDAB, 3,3'-diaminobenzidine-4HClGMH-IVH, germinal matrix hemorrhage/intraventricular hemorrhageHO-1, heme oxygenase-1ICH, intracerebral hemorrhagePBS, phosphate-buffered salineSVZ, subventricular zoneTBST, tris-buffered saline with Tween 20.
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132
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Hackett MJ, DeSouza M, Caine S, Bewer B, Nichol H, Paterson PG, Colbourne F. A new method to image heme-Fe, total Fe, and aggregated protein levels after intracerebral hemorrhage. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:761-70. [PMID: 25695130 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating stroke that results in high mortality and significant disability in survivors. Unfortunately, the underlying mechanisms of this injury are not yet fully understood. After the primary (mechanical) trauma, secondary degenerative events contribute to ongoing cell death in the peri-hematoma region. Oxidative stress is thought to be a key reason for this delayed injury, which is likely due to free-Fe-catalyzed free radical reactions. Unfortunately, this is difficult to prove with conventional biochemical assays that fail to differentiate between alterations that occur within the hematoma and peri-hematoma zone. This is a critical limitation, as the hematoma contains tissue severely damaged by the initial hemorrhage and is unsalvageable, whereas the peri-hematoma region is less damaged but at risk from secondary degenerative events. Such events include oxidative stress mediated by free Fe presumed to originate from hemoglobin breakdown. Therefore, minimizing the damage caused by oxidative stress following hemoglobin breakdown and Fe release is a major therapeutic target. However, the extent to which free Fe contributes to the pathogenesis of ICH remains unknown. This investigation used a novel imaging approach that employed resonance Raman spectroscopic mapping of hemoglobin, X-ray fluorescence microscopic mapping of total Fe, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging of aggregated protein following ICH in rats. This multimodal spectroscopic approach was used to accurately define the hematoma/peri-hematoma boundary and quantify the Fe concentration and the relative aggregated protein content, as a marker of oxidative stress, within each region. The results revealed total Fe is substantially increased in the hematoma (0.90 μg cm(-2)), and a subtle but significant increase in Fe that is not in the chemical form of hemoglobin is present within the peri-hematoma zone (0.32 μg cm(-2)) within 1 day of ICH, relative to sham animals (0.22 μg cm(-2)). Levels of aggregated protein were significantly increased within both the hematoma (integrated band area 0.10 AU) and peri-hematoma zone (integrated band area 0.10 AU) relative to sham animals (integrated band area 0.056 AU), but no significant difference in aggregated protein content was observed between the hematoma and peri-hematoma zone. This result suggests that the chemical form of Fe and its ability to generate free radicals is likely to be a more critical predictor of tissue damage than the total Fe content of the tissue. Furthermore, this article describes a novel approach to colocalize nonheme Fe and aggregated protein in the peri-hematoma zone following ICH, a significant methodological advancement for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Hackett
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Mauren DeSouza
- Department
of Psychology and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
- Stress,
Memory and Behaviour Lab, Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Sally Caine
- Department
of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 107
Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Brian Bewer
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Helen Nichol
- Department
of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 107
Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Phyllis G. Paterson
- College of
Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, D Wing Health Sciences, 107 Wiggins
Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Frederick Colbourne
- Department
of Psychology and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
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133
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Müller J, Toev T, Heisters M, Teller J, Moore K, Hause G, Dinesh D, Bürstenbinder K, Abel S. Iron-Dependent Callose Deposition Adjusts Root Meristem Maintenance to Phosphate Availability. Dev Cell 2015; 33:216-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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134
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Zarruk JG, Berard JL, Passos dos Santos R, Kroner A, Lee J, Arosio P, David S. Expression of iron homeostasis proteins in the spinal cord in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and their implications for iron accumulation. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 81:93-107. [PMID: 25724358 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron accumulation occurs in the CNS in multiple sclerosis (MS) and in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the mechanisms underlying such iron accumulation are not fully understood. We studied the expression and cellular localization of molecules involved in cellular iron influx, storage, and efflux. This was assessed in two mouse models of EAE: relapsing-remitting (RR-EAE) and chronic (CH-EAE). The expression of molecules involved in iron homeostasis was assessed at the onset, peak, remission/progressive and late stages of the disease. We provide several lines of evidence for iron accumulation in the EAE spinal cord which increases with disease progression and duration, is worse in CH-EAE, and is localized in macrophages and microglia. We also provide evidence that there is a disruption of the iron efflux mechanism in macrophages/microglia that underlie the iron accumulation seen in these cells. Macrophages/microglia also lack expression of the ferroxidases (ceruloplasmin and hephaestin) which have antioxidant effects. In contrast, astrocytes which do not accumulate iron, show robust expression of several iron influx and efflux proteins and the ferroxidase ceruloplasmin which detoxifies ferrous iron. Astrocytes therefore are capable of efficiently recycling iron from sites of EAE lesions likely into the circulation. We also provide evidence of marked dysregulation of mitochondrial function and energy metabolism genes, as well as of NADPH oxidase genes in the EAE spinal cord. This data provides the basis for the selective iron accumulation in macrophage/microglia and further evidence of severe mitochondrial dysfunction in EAE. It may provide insights into processes underling iron accumulation in MS and other neurodegenerative diseases in which iron accumulation occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan G Zarruk
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal H3G 1A4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Berard
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal H3G 1A4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rosmarini Passos dos Santos
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal H3G 1A4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Antje Kroner
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal H3G 1A4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jaekwon Lee
- Dept of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, N210 Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664 USA
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Samuel David
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal H3G 1A4, Quebec, Canada.
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135
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Kim B, Pithadia AS, Fierke CA. Kinetics and thermodynamics of metal-binding to histone deacetylase 8. Protein Sci 2015; 24:354-65. [PMID: 25516458 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) was originally classified as a Zn(II)-dependent deacetylase on the basis of Zn(II)-dependent HDAC8 activity in vitro and illumination of a Zn(II) bound to the active site. However, in vitro measurements demonstrated that HDAC8 has higher activity with a bound Fe(II) than Zn(II), although Fe(II)-HDAC8 rapidly loses activity under aerobic conditions. These data suggest that in the cell HDAC8 could be activated by either Zn(II) or Fe(II). Here we detail the kinetics, thermodynamics, and selectivity of Zn(II) and Fe(II) binding to HDAC8. To this end, we have developed a fluorescence anisotropy assay using fluorescein-labeled suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (fl-SAHA). fl-SAHA binds specifically to metal-bound HDAC8 with affinities comparable to SAHA. To measure the metal affinity of HDAC, metal binding was coupled to fl-SAHA and assayed from the observed change in anisotropy. The metal KD values for HDAC8 are significantly different, ranging from picomolar to micromolar for Zn(II) and Fe(II), respectively. Unexpectedly, the Fe(II) and Zn(II) dissociation rate constants from HDAC8 are comparable, koff ∼0.0006 s(-1), suggesting that the apparent association rate constant for Fe(II) is slow (∼3 × 10(3) M(-1) s(-1)). Furthermore, monovalent cations (K(+) or Na(+)) that bind to HDAC8 decrease the dissociation rate constant of Zn(II) by ≥100-fold for K(+) and ≥10-fold for Na(+), suggesting a possible mechanism for regulating metal exchange in vivo. The HDAC8 metal affinities are comparable to the readily exchangeable Zn(II) and Fe(II) concentrations in cells, consistent with either or both metal cofactors activating HDAC8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungchul Kim
- Chemical Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-2216
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136
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Hare DJ, New EJ, de Jonge MD, McColl G. Imaging metals in biology: balancing sensitivity, selectivity and spatial resolution. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:5941-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00055f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A Tutorial Review to aid in designing the most comprehensive metal imaging experiments for biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic J. Hare
- Elemental Bio-imaging Facility
- University of Technology Sydney
- Broadway
- Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
| | | | | | - Gawain McColl
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
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137
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Sun H, Walsh AJ, Lebel RM, Blevins G, Catz I, Lu JQ, Johnson ES, Emery DJ, Warren KG, Wilman AH. Validation of quantitative susceptibility mapping with Perls' iron staining for subcortical gray matter. Neuroimage 2015; 105:486-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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138
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Shpyleva S, Pogribna M, Cozart C, Bryant MS, Muskhelishvili L, Tryndyak VP, Ross SA, Beland FA, Pogribny IP. Interstrain differences in the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to fibrosis in mice are associated with altered hepatic iron metabolism. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:1235-42. [PMID: 25256357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health problem worldwide. Currently, there is a lack of conclusive information to clarify the molecular events and mechanisms responsible for the progression of NAFLD to fibrosis and cirrhosis and, more importantly, for differences in interindividual disease severity. The aim of this study was to investigate a role of interindividual differences in iron metabolism among inbred mouse strains in the pathogenesis and severity of fibrosis in a model of NAFLD. Feeding male A/J, 129S1/SvImJ and WSB/EiJ mice a choline- and folate-deficient diet caused NAFLD-associated liver injury and iron metabolism abnormalities, especially in WSB/EiJ mice. NAFLD-associated fibrogenesis was correlated with a marked strain- and injury-dependent increase in the expression of iron metabolism genes, especially transferrin receptor (Tfrc), ferritin heavy chain (Fth1), and solute carrier family 40 (iron-regulated transporter), member 1 (Slc40a1, Fpn1) and their related proteins, and pronounced down-regulation of the iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1), with the magnitude being A/J<129S1/SvImJ<WSB/EiJ. Mechanistically, down-regulation of IRP1 was linked to an increased expression of microRNAs miR-200a and miR-223, which was negatively correlated with IRP1. The results of this study demonstrate that the interstrain variability in the extent of fibrogenesis was associated with a strain-dependent deregulation of hepatic iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Shpyleva
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079
| | - Marta Pogribna
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079
| | - Christy Cozart
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079
| | - Matthew S Bryant
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079
| | - Levan Muskhelishvili
- Toxicologic Pathology Associates, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079
| | - Volodymyr P Tryndyak
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079
| | - Sharon A Ross
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Frederick A Beland
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079
| | - Igor P Pogribny
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079.
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139
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Oxidative tissue injury in multiple sclerosis is only partly reflected in experimental disease models. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 128:247-66. [PMID: 24622774 PMCID: PMC4102830 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1263-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent data suggest that oxidative injury may play an important role in demyelination and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). We compared the extent of oxidative injury in MS lesions with that in experimental models driven by different inflammatory mechanisms. It was only in a model of coronavirus-induced demyelinating encephalomyelitis that we detected an accumulation of oxidised phospholipids, which was comparable in extent to that in MS. In both, MS and coronavirus-induced encephalomyelitis, this was associated with massive microglial and macrophage activation, accompanied by the expression of the NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox but only sparse expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Acute and chronic CD4+ T cell-mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis lesions showed transient expression of p22phox and iNOS associated with inflammation. Macrophages in chronic lesions of antibody-mediated demyelinating encephalomyelitis showed lysosomal activity but very little p22phox or iNOS expressions. Active inflammatory demyelinating lesions induced by CD8+ T cells or by innate immunity showed macrophage and microglial activation together with the expression of p22phox, but low or absent iNOS reactivity. We corroborated the differences between acute CD4+ T cell-mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and acute MS lesions via gene expression studies. Furthermore, age-dependent iron accumulation and lesion-associated iron liberation, as occurring in the human brain, were only minor in rodent brains. Our study shows that oxidative injury and its triggering mechanisms diverge in different models of rodent central nervous system inflammation. The amplification of oxidative injury, which has been suggested in MS, is only reflected to a limited degree in the studied rodent models.
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140
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Sands SA, Williams R, Marshall S, LeVine SM. Perivascular iron deposits are associated with protein nitration in cerebral experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neurosci Lett 2014; 582:133-8. [PMID: 24846416 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nitration of proteins, which is thought to be mediated by peroxynitrite, is a mechanism of tissue damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, protein nitration can also be catalyzed by iron, heme or heme-associated molecules independent of peroxynitrite. Since microhemorrhages and perivascular iron deposits are present in the CNS of MS patients, we sought to determine if iron is associated with protein nitration. A cerebral model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (cEAE) was utilized since this model has been shown to have perivascular iron deposits similar to those present in MS. Histochemical staining for iron was used together with immunohistochemistry for nitrotyrosine, eNOS, or iNOS on cerebral sections. Leakage of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was studied by albumin immunohistochemistry. Iron deposits were colocalized with nitrotyrosine staining around vessels in cEAE mice while control animals revealed minimal staining. This finding supports the likelihood that nitrotyrosine formation was catalyzed by iron or iron containing molecules. Examples of iron deposits were also observed in association with eNOS and iNOS, which could be one source of substrates for this reaction. Extravasation of albumin was present in cEAE mice, but not in control animals. Extravasated albumin may act to limit tissue injury by binding iron and/or heme as well as being a target of nitration, but the protection is incomplete. In summary, iron-catalyzed nitration of proteins is a likely mechanism of tissue damage in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Sands
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Rachel Williams
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Sylvester Marshall
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Steven M LeVine
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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141
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Carter KP, Young AM, Palmer AE. Fluorescent sensors for measuring metal ions in living systems. Chem Rev 2014; 114:4564-601. [PMID: 24588137 PMCID: PMC4096685 DOI: 10.1021/cr400546e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1522] [Impact Index Per Article: 152.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle P. Carter
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, BioFrontiers Institute, University
of Colorado, UCB 596,
3415 Colorado AvenueBoulder, Colorado 80303, United
States
| | - Alexandra M. Young
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, BioFrontiers Institute, University
of Colorado, UCB 596,
3415 Colorado AvenueBoulder, Colorado 80303, United
States
| | - Amy E. Palmer
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, BioFrontiers Institute, University
of Colorado, UCB 596,
3415 Colorado AvenueBoulder, Colorado 80303, United
States
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142
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Ayton S, Zhang M, Roberts BR, Lam LQ, Lind M, McLean C, Bush AI, Frugier T, Crack PJ, Duce JA. Ceruloplasmin and β-amyloid precursor protein confer neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury and lower neuronal iron. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 69:331-7. [PMID: 24509156 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is in part complicated by pro-oxidant iron elevation independent of brain hemorrhage. Ceruloplasmin (CP) and β-amyloid protein precursor (APP) are known neuroprotective proteins that reduce oxidative damage through iron regulation. We surveyed iron, CP, and APP in brain tissue from control and TBI-affected patients who were stratified according to time of death following injury. We observed CP and APP induction after TBI accompanying iron accumulation. Elevated APP and CP expression was also observed in a mouse model of focal cortical contusion injury concomitant with iron elevation. To determine if changes in APP or CP were neuroprotective we employed the same TBI model on APP(-/-) and CP(-/-) mice and found that both exhibited exaggerated infarct volume and iron accumulation postinjury. Evidence supports a regulatory role of both proteins in defence against iron-induced oxidative damage after TBI, which presents as a tractable therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Ayton
- Oxidation Biology Unit, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
| | - Moses Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Blaine R Roberts
- Oxidation Biology Unit, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
| | - Linh Q Lam
- Oxidation Biology Unit, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
| | - Monica Lind
- Oxidation Biology Unit, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
| | - Catriona McLean
- Department of Pathology, and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Oxidation Biology Unit, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Department of Pathology, and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tony Frugier
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Peter J Crack
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - James A Duce
- Oxidation Biology Unit, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, North Yorkshire, UK.
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143
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Miller EP, Böttger LH, Weerasinghe AJ, Crumbliss AL, Matzanke BF, Meyer-Klaucke W, Küpper FC, Carrano CJ. Surface-bound iron: a metal ion buffer in the marine brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:585-94. [PMID: 24368501 PMCID: PMC3904714 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although the iron uptake and storage mechanisms of terrestrial/higher plants have been well studied, the corresponding systems in marine algae have received far less attention. Studies have shown that while some species of unicellular algae utilize unique mechanisms of iron uptake, many acquire iron through the same general mechanisms as higher plants. In contrast, the iron acquisition strategies of the multicellular macroalgae remain largely unknown. This is especially surprising since many of these organisms represent important ecological and evolutionary niches in the coastal marine environment. It has been well established in both laboratory and environmentally derived samples, that a large amount of iron can be 'non-specifically' adsorbed to the surface of marine algae. While this phenomenon is widely recognized and has prompted the development of experimental protocols to eliminate its contribution to iron uptake studies, its potential biological significance as a concentrated iron source for marine algae is only now being recognized. This study used an interdisciplinary array of techniques to explore the nature of the extensive and powerful iron binding on the surface of both laboratory and environmental samples of the marine brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus and shows that some of this surface-bound iron is eventually internalized. It is proposed that the surface-binding properties of E. siliculosus allow it to function as a quasibiological metal ion 'buffer', allowing iron uptake under the widely varying external iron concentrations found in coastal marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA
| | - Lars H. Böttger
- Section Natural Sciences, Isotopes Laboratory, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
- * Present address: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5080, USA
| | | | | | - Berthold F. Matzanke
- Section Natural Sciences, Isotopes Laboratory, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Wolfram Meyer-Klaucke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Unit, c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frithjof C. Küpper
- Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh AB41 6AA, Scotland, UK
| | - Carl J. Carrano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA
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144
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Holmes-Hampton GP, Tong WH, Rouault TA. Biochemical and biophysical methods for studying mitochondrial iron metabolism. Methods Enzymol 2014; 547:275-307. [PMID: 25416363 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801415-8.00015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Iron is a heavily utilized element in organisms and numerous mechanisms accordingly regulate the trafficking, metabolism, and storage of iron. Despite the high regulation of iron homeostasis, several diseases and mutations can lead to the misregulation and often accumulation of iron in the cytosol or mitochondria of tissues. To understand the genesis of iron overload, it is necessary to employ various techniques to quantify iron in organisms and mitochondria. This chapter discusses techniques for determining the total iron content of tissue samples, ranging from colorimetric determination of iron concentrations, atomic absorption spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. In addition, we discuss in situ techniques for analyzing iron including electron microscopic nonheme iron histochemistry, electron energy loss spectroscopy, synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging, and confocal Raman microscopy. Finally, we discuss biophysical methods for studying iron in isolated mitochondria, including ultraviolet-visible, electron paramagnetic resonance, X-ray absorbance, and Mössbauer spectroscopies. This chapter should aid researchers to select and interpret mitochondrial iron quantifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P Holmes-Hampton
- Molecular Medicine Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wing-Hang Tong
- Molecular Medicine Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tracey A Rouault
- Molecular Medicine Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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145
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Caliaperumal J, Colbourne F. Rehabilitation Improves Behavioral Recovery and Lessens Cell Death Without Affecting Iron, Ferritin, Transferrin, or Inflammation After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2013; 28:395-404. [DOI: 10.1177/1545968313517758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background. Rehabilitation aids recovery from stroke in animal models, including in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Sometimes, rehabilitation lessens brain damage. Objective. We tested whether rehabilitation improves recovery and reduces perihematoma neuronal death. We also evaluated whether rehabilitation influences iron toxicity and inflammation, mediators of secondary degeneration after ICH. Methods. Rats were trained to retrieve food pellets in a staircase apparatus and later subjected to striatal ICH (via collagenase infusion). After 1 week, they were given either enriched rehabilitation (ER), including reach training with group housing and environmental enrichment, or control treatment (group housing). Rats in the first experiment were treated for 2 weeks, functionally assessed, and killed humanely at 1 month to determine brain levels of nonheme iron. A second experiment used a similar approach, except that animals were euthanized at 14 days to evaluate perihematoma neuronal death (FluoroJade), iron distribution (Perls), and astrocyte (GFAP) and microglia (Iba-1) activity. A third experiment measured levels of iron-binding proteins (ferritin and transferrin) at 14 days. Results. Striatal ICH caused functional impairments, which were significantly improved with ER. The ICH caused delayed perihematoma neuronal death, which ER significantly reduced. Hemispheric iron levels, the amount of iron-binding proteins, and perihematoma astrocytes and microglia numbers were significantly elevated after ICH (vs normal side) but were not affected by ER. Conclusions. Rehabilitation is an effective behavioral and neuroprotective strategy for ICH. Neither effect appears to stem from influencing iron toxicity or inflammation. Thus, additional work must identify underlying mechanisms to help further therapeutic gains.
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146
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Hametner S, Wimmer I, Haider L, Pfeifenbring S, Brück W, Lassmann H. Iron and neurodegeneration in the multiple sclerosis brain. Ann Neurol 2013; 74:848-61. [PMID: 23868451 PMCID: PMC4223935 DOI: 10.1002/ana.23974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective Iron may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) due to its accumulation in the human brain with age. Our study focused on nonheme iron distribution and the expression of the iron-related proteins ferritin, hephaestin, and ceruloplasmin in relation to oxidative damage in the brain tissue of 33 MS and 30 control cases. Methods We performed (1) whole-genome microarrays including 4 MS and 3 control cases to analyze the expression of iron-related genes, (2) nonheme iron histochemistry, (3) immunohistochemistry for proteins of iron metabolism, and (4) quantitative analysis by digital densitometry and cell counting in regions representing different stages of lesion maturation. Results We found an age-related increase of iron in the white matter of controls as well as in patients with short disease duration. In chronic MS, however, there was a significant decrease of iron in the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) corresponding with disease duration, when corrected for age. This decrease of iron in oligodendrocytes and myelin was associated with an upregulation of iron-exporting ferroxidases. In active MS lesions, iron was apparently released from dying oligodendrocytes, resulting in extracellular accumulation of iron and uptake into microglia and macrophages. Iron-containing microglia showed signs of cell degeneration. At lesion edges and within centers of lesions, iron accumulated in astrocytes and axons. Interpretation Iron decreases in the NAWM of MS patients with increasing disease duration. Cellular degeneration in MS lesions leads to waves of iron liberation, which may propagate neurodegeneration together with inflammatory oxidative burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hametner
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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147
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Sukhorukova EG, Grigoriev IP, Kirik OV, Alekseeva OS, Korzhevskii DE. Intranuclear localization of iron in neurons of mammalian brain. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093013030134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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148
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van Duijn S, Nabuurs RJA, van Duinen SG, Natté R. Comparison of histological techniques to visualize iron in paraffin-embedded brain tissue of patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Histochem Cytochem 2013; 61:785-92. [PMID: 23887894 DOI: 10.1369/0022155413501325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Better knowledge of the distribution of iron in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients may facilitate the development of an in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) marker for AD and may cast light on the role of this potentially toxic molecule in the pathogenesis of AD. Several histological iron staining techniques have been used in the past but they have not been systematically tested for sensitivity and specificity. This article compares three histochemical techniques and ferritin immunohistochemistry to visualize iron in paraffin-embedded human AD brain tissue. The specificity of the histochemical techniques was tested by staining sections after iron extraction. Iron was demonstrated in the white matter, in layers IV/V of the frontal neocortex, in iron containing plaques, and in microglia. In our hands, these structures were best visualized using the Meguro iron stain, a method that has not been described for iron staining in human brain or AD in particular. Ferritin immunohistochemistry stained microglia and iron containing plaques similar to the Meguro method but was less intense in myelin-associated iron. The Meguro method is most suitable for identifying iron-positive structures in paraffin-embedded human AD brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara van Duijn
- Department of Pathology (SVD,SGVD,RN), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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149
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Li Q, Lancaster JR. Chemical foundations of hydrogen sulfide biology. Nitric Oxide 2013; 35:21-34. [PMID: 23850631 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Following nitric oxide (nitrogen monoxide) and carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide (or its newer systematic name sulfane, H2S) became the third small molecule that can be both toxic and beneficial depending on the concentration. In spite of its impressive therapeutic potential, the underlying mechanisms for its beneficial effects remain unclear. Any novel mechanism has to obey fundamental chemical principles. H2S chemistry was studied long before its biological relevance was discovered, however, with a few exceptions, these past works have received relatively little attention in the path of exploring the mechanistic conundrum of H2S biological functions. This review calls attention to the basic physical and chemical properties of H2S, focuses on the chemistry between H2S and its three potential biological targets: oxidants, metals and thiol derivatives, discusses the applications of these basics into H2S biology and methodology, and introduces the standard terminology to this youthful field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
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150
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Walsh AJ, Lebel RM, Eissa A, Blevins G, Catz I, Lu JQ, Resch L, Johnson ES, Emery DJ, Warren KG, Wilman AH. Multiple Sclerosis: Validation of MR Imaging for Quantification and Detection of Iron. Radiology 2013; 267:531-42. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.12120863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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