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Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Peng N, Liu Q, Qiu D, Cho J, Borlongan CV, Yu G. Exosomes Derived From Mesenchymal Stem Cells Pretreated With Ischemic Rat Heart Extracts Promote Angiogenesis via the Delivery of DMBT1. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221102898. [PMID: 35726847 PMCID: PMC9218457 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221102898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have been shown to promote angiogenesis. Treating MSCs with ischemic rat brain extracts was sufficient to augment their benefits in stroke. However, no similar analyses of ischemic heart extracts have been performed to date. We aim to determine whether MSC-Exos derived from MSCs pretreated with ischemic rat heart extract were able to promote angiogenesis and to clarify underlying mechanisms. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) of heart extracts revealed a significant increase of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at 24 h post-MI (myocardial infarction) modeling, and time-dependent decreases in hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). MTT and wound healing assays revealed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) migration and proliferation increased following MSCE-Exo treatment (exosomes derived from MSC pretreated with ischemic heart extracts of 24 h post-MI) relative to MSCN-Exo treatment (exosomes derived from MSC pretreated with normal heart extracts). Proteomic analyses of MSCE-Exo and MSCN-Exo were conducted to screen for cargo proteins promoting angiogenesis. Result revealed several angiogenesis-related proteins were upregulated in MSCE-Exo, including DMBT1 (deleted in malignant brain tumors 1). When DMBT1 was silenced in MSCs, HUVECs with MSCDMBT1 RNAi-Exo treatment exhibited impaired proliferative and migratory activity and reductions of DMBT1, p-Akt, β-catenin, and VEGF. To explore how ischemic heart extracts took effects, ELISA was conducted showing a significant increase of IL-22 at 24 h post-MI modeling. P-STAT3, IL22RA1, DMBT1, and VEGF proteins were increased in MSCE relative to MSCN, and VEGF and DMBT1 were increased in MSCE-Exos. Together, these suggest that IL-22 upregulation in ischemic heart extracts can increase DMBT1 in MSCs. Exosomes derived from those MSCs deliver DMBT1 to HUVECs, thereby enhancing their migratory and proliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Division of Cardiovascular, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuzhang Li
- Division of Cardiovascular, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nanyin Peng
- Division of Cardiovascular, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Danyang Qiu
- Division of Cardiovascular, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Justin Cho
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesario V. Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Guolong Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Yassine S, Alaaeddine N. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes and Cancer: Controversies and Prospects. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 6:e2101050. [PMID: 34939371 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have displayed a novel therapeutic strategy for a wide range of diseases and conditions. Their secretome and exosome-based paracrine activity are considered as the main processes harboring their diverse therapeutic properties. Several investigations have examined the effects of MSC-derived exosomes on cancer growth, yet, controversial results have always emerged. Although MSC-derived exosomes are able to rigorously enforce the repression of cancer proliferation and progression, it is shown that MSCs exosomal activity displays numerous protumorigenic effects. This discrepancy over the dual effects of MSCs on cancer growth may be mediated by many factors including experimental design, stem cells origins, culture conditions, in addition to cancer-MSCs cross-talks. Despite the controversial effects of MSCs on carcinogenesis, scientists are able to overcome a number of obstacles by modifying MSCs to deliver antioncogenic miRNAs, anticancer drugs, and oncolytic viruses into tumor sites. This review discusses the controversial effects of MSC-derived exosomes on tumorigenesis, investigates the main causes that underlie this discrepancy, summarizes the pattern of engineered-MSCs, and finally highlights how future studies should advance the research in the field of MSCs-based cancer therapies in order to accelerate the transition from preclinical studies to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirine Yassine
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, 1100, Lebanon
| | - Nada Alaaeddine
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, 1100, Lebanon
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103
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He GH, Ma YX, Dong M, Chen S, Wang YC, Gao X, Wu B, Wang J, Wang JH. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes inhibit the VEGF-A expression in human retinal vascular endothelial cells induced by high glucose. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:1820-1827. [PMID: 34926194 PMCID: PMC8640780 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.12.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the effect of exosomes derived from human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in human retinal vascular endothelial cells (HRECs). METHODS Exosomes were isolated from hUCMSCs using cryogenic ultracentrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Western blotting and nanoparticle tracking analysis. HRECs were randomly divided into a normal control group (group A), a high glucose model group (group B), a high glucose group with 25 µg/mL (group C), 50 µg/mL (group D), and 100 µg/mL exosomes (group E). Twenty-four hours after coculture, the cell proliferation rate was detected using flow cytometry, and the VEGF-A level was detected using immunofluorescence. After coculture 8, 16, and 24h, the expression levels of VEGF-A in each group were detected using PCR and Western blots. RESULTS The characteristic morphology (membrane structured vesicles) and size (diameter between 50 and 200 nm) were observed under transmission electron microscopy. The average diameter of 122.7 nm was discovered by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The exosomal markers CD9, CD63, and HSP70 were strongly detected. The proliferation rate of the cells in group B increased after 24h of coculture. Immunofluorescence analyses revealed that the upregulation of VEGF-A expression in HRECs stimulated by high glucose could be downregulated by cocultured hUCMSC-derived exosomes (F=39.03, P<0.01). The upregulation of VEGF-A protein (group C: F=7.96; group D: F=17.29; group E: F=11.89; 8h: F=9.45; 16h: F=12.86; 24h: F=42.28, P<0.05) and mRNA (group C: F=4.137; group D: F=13.64; group E: F=22.19; 8h: F=7.253; 16h: F=16.98; 24h: F=22.62, P<0.05) in HRECs stimulated by high glucose was downregulated by cocultured hUCMSC-derived exosomes (P<0.05). CONCLUSION hUCMSC-derived exosomes downregulate VEGF-A expression in HRECs stimulated by high glucose in time and concentration dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui He
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin 300020, China
- Ophthalmic Center of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ying-Xue Ma
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Meng Dong
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Song Chen
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yu-Chuan Wang
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin 300020, China
- Medical College of NanKai University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jun-Hua Wang
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin 300020, China
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104
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Yea JH, Yoon YM, Lee JH, Yun CW, Lee SH. Exosomes isolated from melatonin-stimulated mesenchymal stem cells improve kidney function by regulating inflammation and fibrosis in a chronic kidney disease mouse model. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211059624. [PMID: 34868540 PMCID: PMC8638070 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211059624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as structural and functional abnormalities of the kidney due to inflammation and fibrosis. We investigated the therapeutic effects of exosomes secreted by melatonin-stimulated mesenchymal stem cells (Exocue) on the functional recovery of the kidney in a CKD mouse model. Exocue upregulated gene expression of micro RNAs (miRNAs) associated with anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. Exocue-treated groups exhibited low tumor necrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor-β levels in serum and fibrosis inhibition in kidney tissues mediated through regulation of cell apoptosis and proliferation of fibrosis-related cells. Exocue treatment decreased the gene expression of CKD progression-related miRNAs. Moreover, the CKD severity was alleviated in the Exocue group via upregulation of aquaporin 2 and 5 levels and reduction of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, resulting in functional recovery of the kidney. In conclusion, Exocue could be a novel therapeutic agent for treating CKD by regulating inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Yea
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Min Yoon
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oral Anatomy, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Won Yun
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, BK21FOUR Project2, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Stembio Ltd., Asan, Republic of Korea
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105
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Zou J, Peng H, Liu Y. The Roles of Exosomes in Immunoregulation and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:757674. [PMID: 34867996 PMCID: PMC8634671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.757674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular microvesicles (30-150 nm) released from cells that contain proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA. They can deliver bioactive molecules and serve as carriers facilitating cell-cell communication, such as antigen presentation, inflammatory activation, autoimmune diseases (AIDs) and tumor metastasis. Recently, much attention has been attracted to the biology and functions of exosomes in immune regulation and AIDs, including autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). Some studies have shown that exosomes are involved in the occurrence and development of AITDs, but they are still in the preliminary stage of exploration. This review mainly introduces the association of exosomes with immune regulation and emphasizes the potential role of exosomes in AITDs, aiming to provide new research strategies and directions for the pathogenesis and early diagnosis of AITDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Huiyong Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingzhao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Zhenjiang, China
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106
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Marofi F, Alexandrovna KI, Margiana R, Bahramali M, Suksatan W, Abdelbasset WK, Chupradit S, Nasimi M, Maashi MS. MSCs and their exosomes: a rapidly evolving approach in the context of cutaneous wounds therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:597. [PMID: 34863308 PMCID: PMC8642895 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, mesenchymal stem/stromal stem cell (MSC) therapy has become a promising option for accelerating cutaneous wound healing. In vivo reports have outlined the robust competences of MSCs to offer a solid milieu by inhibition of inflammatory reactions, which in turn, enables skin regeneration. Further, due to their great potential to stimulate angiogenesis and also facilitate matrix remodeling, MSCs hold substantial potential as future therapeutic strategies in this context. The MSCs-induced wound healing is thought to mainly rely on the secretion of a myriad of paracrine factors in addition to their direct differentiation to skin-resident cells. Besides, MSCs-derived exosomes as nanoscale and closed membrane vesicles have recently been suggested as an effective and cell-free approach to support skin regeneration, circumventing the concerns respecting direct application of MSCs. The MSCs-derived exosomes comprise molecular components including lipid, proteins, DNA, microRNA, and also mRNA, which target molecular pathways and also biological activities in recipient cells (e.g., endothelial cell, keratinocyte, and fibroblast). The secreted exosome modifies macrophage activation, stimulates angiogenesis, and instigates keratinocytes and dermal fibroblast proliferations as well as migrations concurrently regulate inherent potential of myofibroblast for adjustment of turnover of the ECM. In the present review, we will focus on the recent findings concerning the application of MSCs and their derivative exosome to support wound healing and skin regeneration, with special focus on last decade in vivo reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faroogh Marofi
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Master’s Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mahta Bahramali
- Biotechnology Department, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210 Thailand
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Supat Chupradit
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | | | - Marwah Suliman Maashi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Unit at King Fahad Medical Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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107
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Sebbagh AC, Rosenbaum B, Péré G, Alric H, Berger A, Wilhelm C, Gazeau F, Mathieu N, Rahmi G, Silva AKA. Regenerative medicine for digestive fistulae therapy: Benefits, challenges and promises of stem/stromal cells and emergent perspectives via their extracellular vesicles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:113841. [PMID: 34175308 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite current management strategies, digestive fistulae remain extremely debilitating complications associated with significant morbidity and mortality, generating a need to develop innovative therapies in these indications. A number of clinical trials and experimental studies have thus investigated the potential of stem/stromal cells (SCs) or SC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) administration for post-surgical and Crohn's-associated fistulae. This review summarizes the physiopathology and current standards-of-care for digestive fistulae, along with relevant evidence from animal and clinical studies regarding SC or EV treatment for post-surgical digestive fistulae. Additionally, existing preclinical models of fistulizing Crohn's disease and results of SC therapy trials in this indication will be presented. The optimal formulation and administration protocol of SC therapy products for gastrointestinal fistula treatment and the challenges for a widespread use of darvadstrocel (Alofisel) in clinical practice will be discussed. Finally, the potential advantages of EV therapy and the obstacles towards their clinical translation will be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Sebbagh
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université de Paris/CNRS (UMR 7057), Paris, France
| | - Boris Rosenbaum
- Laboratoire Imagerie de l'Angiogénèse, Plateforme d'Imagerie du Petit Animal, Inserm UMR970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Péré
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université de Paris/CNRS (UMR 7057), Paris, France; Laboratoire Imagerie de l'Angiogénèse, Plateforme d'Imagerie du Petit Animal, Inserm UMR970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Department of Digestive Surgery, Esogastric Bariatric and Endocrinal Surgery Unit, Toulouse-Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Hadrien Alric
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université de Paris/CNRS (UMR 7057), Paris, France; Laboratoire Imagerie de l'Angiogénèse, Plateforme d'Imagerie du Petit Animal, Inserm UMR970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Arthur Berger
- Laboratoire Imagerie de l'Angiogénèse, Plateforme d'Imagerie du Petit Animal, Inserm UMR970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Claire Wilhelm
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université de Paris/CNRS (UMR 7057), Paris, France
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université de Paris/CNRS (UMR 7057), Paris, France
| | - Noëlle Mathieu
- Human Health Department, SERAMED, LRMED, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gabriel Rahmi
- Laboratoire Imagerie de l'Angiogénèse, Plateforme d'Imagerie du Petit Animal, Inserm UMR970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Amanda K A Silva
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université de Paris/CNRS (UMR 7057), Paris, France.
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Zhang F, Guo J, Zhang Z, Qian Y, Wang G, Duan M, Zhao H, Yang Z, Jiang X. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome: A tumor regulator and carrier for targeted tumor therapy. Cancer Lett 2021; 526:29-40. [PMID: 34800567 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that have the ability to differentiate into multiple cell types. Several studies have shown that exosomes secreted by MSCs (MSCs-Exo) play an important role in tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and drug resistance. However, contradictory results have suggested that MSCs-Exo can also suppress tumors through specific mechanisms, such as regulating immune responses and intercellular signaling. Consequently, the relationship between MSCs-Exo and tumors remains controversial. However, it is undeniable that exosomes, as natural vesicles, can be excellent drug carriers and show promise for application in targeted tumor therapy. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the involvement of MSCs-Exo in tumor progression and their potential as drug delivery systems in targeted therapy. We argue that MSCs-Exo can be used as safe carriers of antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jinshuai Guo
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhenghou Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yiping Qian
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Meiqi Duan
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Haiying Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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Kaur S, Elkahloun AG, Petersen JD, Arakelyan A, Livak F, Singh SP, Margolis L, Zimmerberg J, Roberts DD. CD63 + and MHC Class I + Subsets of Extracellular Vesicles Produced by Wild-Type and CD47-Deficient Jurkat T Cells Have Divergent Functional Effects on Endothelial Cell Gene Expression. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1705. [PMID: 34829933 PMCID: PMC8615535 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells and endothelial cells engage in bidirectional communication that regulates angiogenesis and T cell transmigration. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication by the transfer of bioactive molecules including RNAs. EVs produced by a given cell type are heterogeneous in their RNA content, but it is unclear how specific EV surface markers relate to their functional effects on target cells. Our previous work established that Jurkat T cell EVs bearing CD63, MHC-I, or CD47 surface markers contain distinct noncoding RNA populations. The present study reveals that CD63+ and MHC-I+ EVs from CD47-deficient Jurkat T cells are enriched in small non-coding RNAs relative to EVs from wild-type Jurkat T cells. CD47-deficient Jurkat T cells secrete more CD63+ and MHC-I+ EVs, but MHC-I+ EVs are selectively taken up more by human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Transcriptomics analysis of endothelial cells treated with CD63+ or MHC-I+ EVs showed surface marker- and CD47-dependent changes in gene expression in the target cells. Gene set enrichment analysis identified CD47-dependent, and surface marker-dependent effects of T cell EVs on VEGF and inflammatory signaling, cell cycle, and lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Thus, subsets of T cell EVs differentially regulate endothelial cell metabolism and inflammatory and angiogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Kaur
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Abdel G. Elkahloun
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Jennifer D. Petersen
- Section on Integrative Biophysics, Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.D.P.); (J.Z.)
| | - Anush Arakelyan
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Ferenc Livak
- Flow Cytometry Core, Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Satya P. Singh
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Joshua Zimmerberg
- Section on Integrative Biophysics, Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.D.P.); (J.Z.)
| | - David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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林 苗, 杨 继, 闫 文, 胡 宁, 刘 子, 张 莉, 李 豫. [Research progress of tissue engineering technology in promoting revascularization of necrotic femoral bone tissue]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2021; 35:1479-1485. [PMID: 34779177 PMCID: PMC8586766 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202105047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the research progress of tissue engineering technology to promote bone tissue revascularization in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). METHODS The relevant domestic and foreign literature in recent years was extensively reviewed. The mechanism of femoral head vascularization and the application progress of tissue engineering technology in the promotion of ONFH bone tissue revascularization were summarized. RESULTS Rebuilding or improving the blood supply of the femoral head is the key to the treatment of ONFH. Tissue engineering is a hot spot in current research. It mainly focuses on the three elements of seed cells, scaffold materials, and angiogenic growth factors, combined with three-dimensional printing technology and drug delivery systems to promote the revascularization of the femoral bone tissue. CONCLUSION The strategy of revascularization of the femoral head can improve the local blood supply and delay or even reverse the progression of ONFH disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- 苗远 林
- 遵义医科大学附属医院(贵州遵义 563000)Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, P.R.China
| | - 继滨 杨
- 遵义医科大学附属医院(贵州遵义 563000)Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, P.R.China
| | - 文强 闫
- 遵义医科大学附属医院(贵州遵义 563000)Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, P.R.China
| | - 宁 胡
- 遵义医科大学附属医院(贵州遵义 563000)Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, P.R.China
| | - 子铭 刘
- 遵义医科大学附属医院(贵州遵义 563000)Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, P.R.China
| | - 莉 张
- 遵义医科大学附属医院(贵州遵义 563000)Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, P.R.China
| | - 豫皖 李
- 遵义医科大学附属医院(贵州遵义 563000)Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, P.R.China
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111
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Wagner KT, Radisic M. A New Role for Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiac Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021; 1:2100047. [PMID: 34927167 PMCID: PMC8680295 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Discovering new therapies to treat heart disease requires improved understanding of cardiac physiology at a cellular level. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are plasma membrane-bound nano- and microparticles secreted by cells and known to play key roles in intercellular communication, often through transfer of biomolecular cargo. Advances in EV research have established techniques for EV isolation from tissue culture media or biofluids, as well as standards for quantitation and biomolecular characterization. EVs released by cardiac cells are known to be involved in regulating cardiac physiology as well as in the progression of myocardial diseases. Due to difficulty accessing the heart in vivo, advanced in vitro cardiac 'tissues-on-a-chip' have become a recent focus for studying EVs in the heart. These physiologically relevant models are producing new insight into the role of EVs in cardiac physiology and disease while providing a useful platform for screening novel EV-based therapeutics for cardiac tissue regeneration post-injury. Numerous hurdles have stalled the clinical translation of EV therapeutics for heart patients, but tissue-on-a-chip models are playing an important role in bridging the translational gap, improving mechanistic understanding of EV signalling in cardiac physiology, disease, and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl T Wagner
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A1
| | - Milica Radisic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A1
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Abhange K, Makler A, Wen Y, Ramnauth N, Mao W, Asghar W, Wan Y. Small extracellular vesicles in cancer. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3705-3743. [PMID: 33898874 PMCID: PMC8056276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are lipid-bilayer enclosed vesicles in submicron size that are released from cells. A variety of molecules, including proteins, DNA fragments, RNAs, lipids, and metabolites can be selectively encapsulated into EVs and delivered to nearby and distant recipient cells. In tumors, through such intercellular communication, EVs can regulate initiation, growth, metastasis and invasion of tumors. Recent studies have found that EVs exhibit specific expression patterns which mimic the parental cell, providing a fingerprint for early cancer diagnosis and prognosis as well as monitoring responses to treatment. Accordingly, various EV isolation and detection technologies have been developed for research and diagnostic purposes. Moreover, natural and engineered EVs have also been used as drug delivery nanocarriers, cancer vaccines, cell surface modulators, therapeutic agents and therapeutic targets. Overall, EVs are under intense investigation as they hold promise for pathophysiological and translational discoveries. This comprehensive review examines the latest EV research trends over the last five years, encompassing their roles in cancer pathophysiology, diagnostics and therapeutics. This review aims to examine the full spectrum of tumor-EV studies and provide a comprehensive foundation to enhance the field. The topics which are discussed and scrutinized in this review encompass isolation techniques and how these issues need to be overcome for EV-based diagnostics, EVs and their roles in cancer biology, biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring, EVs as vaccines, therapeutic targets, and EVs as drug delivery systems. We will also examine the challenges involved in EV research and promote a framework for catalyzing scientific discovery and innovation for tumor-EV-focused research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Abhange
- The Pq Laboratory of Micro/Nano BiomeDx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Amy Makler
- Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Yi Wen
- The Pq Laboratory of Micro/Nano BiomeDx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Natasha Ramnauth
- Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Wenjun Mao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Yuan Wan
- The Pq Laboratory of Micro/Nano BiomeDx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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113
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Munoz-Perez E, Gonzalez-Pujana A, Igartua M, Santos-Vizcaino E, Hernandez RM. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome for the Treatment of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: Latest Trends in Isolation, Content Optimization and Delivery Avenues. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111802. [PMID: 34834217 PMCID: PMC8617629 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the high prevalence and the complex pharmacological management of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), the search for new therapeutic approaches for their treatment is vital. Although the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied as a potential therapy in this field, direct MSC implantation presents some limitations that could slow down the clinical translation. Since the beneficial effects of MSCs have been mainly attributed to their ability to secrete a plethora of bioactive factors, their secretome has been proposed as a new and promising pathway for the treatment of IMIDs. Formed from soluble factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs), the MSC-derived secretome has been proven to elicit immunomodulatory effects that control the inflammatory processes that occur in IMIDs. This article aims to review the available knowledge on the MSC secretome, evaluating the advances in this field in terms of its composition, production and application, as well as analyzing the pending challenges in the field. Moreover, the latest research involving secretome administration in IMIDs is discussed to provide an updated state-of-the-art for this field. Finally, novel secretome delivery alternatives are reviewed, paying special attention to hydrogel encapsulation as one of the most convenient and promising strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Munoz-Perez
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (E.M.-P.); (A.G.-P.); (M.I.)
| | - Ainhoa Gonzalez-Pujana
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (E.M.-P.); (A.G.-P.); (M.I.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Manoli Igartua
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (E.M.-P.); (A.G.-P.); (M.I.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Edorta Santos-Vizcaino
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (E.M.-P.); (A.G.-P.); (M.I.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.S.-V.); (R.M.H.)
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (E.M.-P.); (A.G.-P.); (M.I.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.S.-V.); (R.M.H.)
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Nguyen TH, Duong CM, Nguyen XH, Than UTT. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Osteoarthritis Treatment: Extracellular Matrix Protection, Chondrocyte and Osteocyte Physiology, Pain and Inflammation Management. Cells 2021; 10:2887. [PMID: 34831109 PMCID: PMC8616200 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease that can lead to persistent pain and motion restriction. In the last decade, stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have been explored as a potential alternative OA therapy due to their regenerative capacity. Furthermore, it has been shown that trophic factors enveloped in extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are a crucial aspect of MSC-based treatment for OA. Evidently, EVs derived from different MSC sources might rescue the OA phenotype by targeting many biological processes associated with cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and exerting protective effects on different joint cell types. Despite this advancement, different studies employing EV treatment for OA have revealed reverse outcomes depending on the EV cargo, cell source, and pathological condition. Hence, in this review, we aim to summarize and discuss the possible effects of MSC-derived EVs based on recent findings at different stages of OA development, including effects on cartilage ECM, chondrocyte biology, osteocytes and bone homeostasis, inflammation, and pain management. Additionally, we discuss further strategies and technical advances for manipulating EVs to specifically target OA to bring the therapy closer to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Huyen Nguyen
- Department of Bioscience, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (C.M.D.); (X.-H.N.)
| | - Chau Minh Duong
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (C.M.D.); (X.-H.N.)
- Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Xuan-Hung Nguyen
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (C.M.D.); (X.-H.N.)
- Vinmec Research Institute of Applied Sciences and Regenerative Medicine, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Uyen Thi Trang Than
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (C.M.D.); (X.-H.N.)
- Vinmec Research Institute of Applied Sciences and Regenerative Medicine, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
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Xu H, Ni YQ, Liu YS. Mechanisms of Action of MiRNAs and LncRNAs in Extracellular Vesicle in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:733985. [PMID: 34692785 PMCID: PMC8531438 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.733985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a complex chronic inflammatory disease, involves multiple alterations of diverse cells, including endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), platelets, and even mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Globally, it is a common cause of morbidity as well as mortality. It leads to myocardial infarctions, stroke and disabling peripheral artery disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures that secreted by multiple cell types and play a central role in cell-to-cell communication by delivering various bioactive cargos, especially microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Emerging evidence demonstrated that miRNAs and lncRNAs in EVs are tightly associated with the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. In this review, we will outline and compile the cumulative roles of miRNAs and lncRNAs encapsulated in EVs derived from diverse cells in the progression of atherosclerosis. We also discuss intercellular communications via EVs. In addition, we focused on clinical applications and evaluation of miRNAs and lncRNAs in EVs as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Qing Ni
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - You-Shuo Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, China
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116
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Li G, Lan Q. Bioinformatics analysis reveals a stem cell-expressed circ-Serpine2-mediated miRNA-mRNA regulatory subnetwork in the malignant progression of glioma. J Transl Med 2021; 19:444. [PMID: 34689806 PMCID: PMC8543835 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-grade glioma has a poor prognosis, and GSCs can have pivotal roles in glioma pathology. This study investigated GSC exosome-containing circRNA mechanisms affecting the malignant progression of glioma. Methods In this study, we identified differentially expressed circRNAs and constructed a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network through circRNA sequencing/bioinformatics analysis. Then, we identified circRNAs that were upregulated in GSC23 cells and employed them as downstream targets in subsequent investigations. Such investigations included downstream target knockout to assess any influence on A172 cell proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis. In addition, in vivo investigations using tumor-bearing animals evaluated the in vivo influences of the selected targets. Results This study identified circ-Serpine2/miR-124-3p/KIF20A as a regulatory pathway in glioma. Our in vitro analysis confirmed that circ-Serpine2 could upregulate KIF20A by sponging miR-124-3p, consequently promoting A172 cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Such a signaling channel could also inhibit glioma cell apoptosis. Additionally, our research indicated that circ-Serpine2 inhibited glioma apoptosis and promoted in vivo tumor progression. Conclusion Circ-Serpine2 exacerbated the malignant progression of glioma mediated by the miR-124-3p/KIF20A nexus, thus providing novel predictive/prognostic biomarkers and drug targets against glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qing Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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117
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Luo T, von der Ohe J, Hass R. MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Tumors and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205212. [PMID: 34680359 PMCID: PMC8533755 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Therapeutic functions of mesenchymal stroma-/stem-like cells (MSCs) are mediated predominantly through paracrine effects by the release of various different components. Upon recruitment of MSCs to damaged tissue sites or tumors, several bioactive molecules and organelles that are secreted by MSCs among others are cytokines, chemokines, metabolites, and extracellular vesicles including exosomes. The MSC-mediated cargo of released exosomes contains specific proteins and nucleic acids with varying regulatory microRNAs according to the tissue origin and the MSC microenvironment. These MSC-released exosomes are taken up by different target cells in damaged tissues to promote a regulatory network of tissue repair, including immune modulation and induction of angiogenesis. Conversely, in tumors, MSC-derived exosomes can confer predominant signals to suppress neovascularization and to relay further tumor-inhibitory effects. However, MSCs that adapted to the tumor tissue by mutual interaction with cancer cells progressively alter to an aberrant phenotype with the release of exosomes carrying tumor-supportive material. Abstract Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stroma-/stem-like cells (MSCs) as part of extracellular vesicles are considered cell-free biocompatible nanovesicles that promote repair activities of damaged tissues or organs by exhibiting low immunogenic and cytotoxic effects. Contributions to regenerative activities include wound healing, maintenance of stem cell niches, beneficial regenerative effects in various diseases, and reduction of senescence. However, the mode of action in MSC-derived exosomes strongly depends on the biological content like different regulatory microRNAs that are determined by the tissue origin of MSCs. In tumors, MSCs use indirect and direct pathways in a communication network to interact with cancer cells. This leads to mutual functional changes with the acquisition of an aberrant tumor-associated MSC phenotype accompanied by altered cargo in the exosomes. Consequently, MSC-derived exosomes either from normal tissue-originating MSCs or from aberrant tumor-associated MSCs can confer different actions on tumor development. These processes exhibiting tumor-inhibitory and tumor-supportive effects with a focus on exosome microRNA content will be discriminated and discussed within this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ralf Hass
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-6070
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118
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Sarhadi VK, Daddali R, Seppänen-Kaijansinkko R. Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles in Osteosarcoma Pathogenesis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11035. [PMID: 34681692 PMCID: PMC8537935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive bone tumor that mainly affects children and adolescents. OS has a strong tendency to relapse and metastasize, resulting in poor prognosis and survival. The high heterogeneity and genetic complexity of OS make it challenging to identify new therapeutic targets. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, or chondroblasts. OS is thought to originate at some stage in the differentiation process of MSC to pre-osteoblast or from osteoblast precursors. MSCs contribute to OS progression by interacting with tumor cells via paracrine signaling and affect tumor cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, immune response, and metastasis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), secreted by OS cells and MSCs in the tumor microenvironment, are crucial mediators of intercellular communication, driving OS progression by transferring miRNAs/RNA and proteins to other cells. MSC-derived EVs have both pro-tumor and anti-tumor effects on OS progression. MSC-EVs can be also engineered to deliver anti-tumor cargo to the tumor site, which offers potential applications in MSC-EV-based OS treatment. In this review, we highlight the role of MSCs in OS, with a focus on EV-mediated communication between OS cells and MSCs and their role in OS pathogenesis and therapy.
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Chen G, Yue A, Wang M, Ruan Z, Zhu L. The Exosomal lncRNA KLF3-AS1 From Ischemic Cardiomyocytes Mediates IGF-1 Secretion by MSCs to Rescue Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:671610. [PMID: 34621793 PMCID: PMC8490635 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.671610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to explore the mechanism by which myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury-induced exosomes modulate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to regulate myocardial injury. In this study, we established an I/R injury model in vivo and a hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) model in vitro. Then, exosomes isolated from H/R-exposed H9c2 cells were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and Western blot analysis. CCK-8 assays and flow cytometry were performed to assess cell injury. ELISA was applied to determine the level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Echocardiography was used to assess cardiac function in vivo. HE staining and TUNEL assays were conducted to analyze myocardial injury in vivo. In the present study, H/R-exposed H9c2 cells induced IGF-1 secretion from MSCs to inhibit cell myocardial injury. Moreover, exosomes derived from H/R-exposed H9c2 cells were introduced to MSCs to increase IGF-1 levels. The lncRNA KLF3-AS1 was dramatically upregulated in exosomes derived from H/R-treated H9c2 cells. Functional experiments showed that the exosomal lncRNA KLF3-AS1 promoted IGF-1 secretion from MSCs and increased H9c2 cell viability. In addition, miR-23c contains potential binding sites for both KLF3-AS1 and STAT5B, and miR-23c directly bound to the 3'-UTRs of KLF3-AS1 and STAT5B. Furthermore, the lncRNA KLF3-AS1 promoted IGF-1 secretion from MSCs and rescued myocardial cell injury in vivo and in vitro by upregulating STAT5B expression. The lncRNA KLF3-AS1 may serve as a new direction for the treatment of myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gecai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Aihuan Yue
- Taizhou Mabtech Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, China
| | - Meixiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhongbao Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
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Nasser MI, Masood M, Adlat S, Gang D, Zhu S, Li G, Li N, Chen J, Zhu P. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome microRNA as therapy for cardiac ischemic injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112118. [PMID: 34481378 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a significant cause of human health harm. In the past, stem cell therapy was reported to have functional defects, such as immune rejection, tumorigenicity, and infusion toxicity. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with lipid bilayer membrane structure, containing proteins, lipids, mRNA, miRNA, DNA, and other molecules, which can mediate various biological functions such as immune response, inflammatory response, cell migration, and differentiation intercellular communication. Exosomal miRNAs have outstanding advantages in disease diagnosis and curative effect prediction. Likewise, paracrine factors could also mediate the main therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells. Research has shown that mesenchymal stem cell-derived micro-exosomes, which may come from stem cells, accumulate in the ischemic tissue and regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis sites of myocardial injury after being transplanted. This review reviewed the molecular mechanisms of exosomes and internal microRNAs derived from mesenchymal stem cells in cardiac ischemic injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Nasser
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China.
| | - Muqaddas Masood
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China.
| | - Salah Adlat
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China.
| | - Deng Gang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China.
| | - Shuoji Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China.
| | - Ge Li
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China.
| | - Nanbo Li
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China.
| | - Jimei Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China.
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China.
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Kharbikar BN, Zhong JX, Cuylear DL, Perez CA, Desai TA. Theranostic biomaterials for tissue engineering. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 19. [PMID: 35529078 PMCID: PMC9075690 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering strategies, notably biomaterials, can be modularly designed and tuned to match specific patient needs. Although many challenges within tissue engineering remain, the incorporation of diagnostic strategies to create theranostic (combined therapy and diagnostic) biomaterials presents a unique platform to provide dual monitoring and treatment capabilities and advance the field toward personalized technologies. In this review, we summarize recent developments in this young field of regenerative theranostics and discuss the clinical potential and outlook of these systems from a tissue engineering perspective. As the need for precision and personalized medicines continues to increase to address diseases in all tissues in a patient-specific manner, we envision that such theranostic platforms can serve these needs.
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Liu J, Ren L, Li S, Li W, Zheng X, Yang Y, Fu W, Yi J, Wang J, Du G. The biology, function, and applications of exosomes in cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2783-2797. [PMID: 34589397 PMCID: PMC8463268 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles with diameters from 30 to 150 nm, released upon fusion of multivesicular bodies with the cell surface. They can transport nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids for intercellular communication and activate signaling pathways in target cells. In cancers, exosomes may participate in growth and metastasis of tumors by regulating the immune response, blocking the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and promoting angiogenesis. They are also involved in the development of resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Exosomes in liquid biopsies can be used as non-invasive biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis of cancers. Because of their amphipathic structure, exosomes are natural drug delivery vehicles for cancer therapy.
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Key Words
- ABCA3, ATP-binding cassette transporter A3
- APCs, antigen-presenting cells
- Biomarkers
- CAFs, cancer-associated fibroblasts
- CCRCC, clear-cell renal cell carcinoma
- CD-UPRT, cytosine deaminase-uracil phosphoribosyltransferase
- CDH3, cadherin 3
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- DC, dendritic cells
- DEXs, DC-derived exosomes
- DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
- DNM3, dynamin 3
- Del-1, developmental endothelial locus-1
- Drug delivery
- Drug resistance
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- ESCRT, endosomal sorting complex required for transport
- Exosomes
- GPC1, glypican-1
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HIF1, hypoxia-inducible factor 1
- HTR, hormone therapy-resistant
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- ILVs, intraluminal vesicles
- MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- MIF, migration inhibitory factor
- MSC, mesenchymal stem cells
- MVB, multivesicular body
- NKEXOs, natural killer cell-derived exosomes
- NNs, nanoparticles
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- PA, phosphatidic acid
- PCC, pheochromocytoma
- PD-L1, programmed cell death receptor ligand 1
- PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
- PGL, paraganglioma
- PI, phosphatidylinositol
- PS, phosphatidylserine
- PTRF, polymerase I and transcript release factor
- RCC, renal cell carcinoma
- SM, sphingomyelin
- SNARE, soluble NSF-attachment protein receptor
- TEX, tumor-derived exosomes
- TSG101, tumor susceptibility gene 101
- Tumor immunity
- Tumor metastasis
- circRNAs, circular RNAs
- dsDNA, double stranded DNA
- hTERT, human telomerase reverse transcriptase
- lamp2b, lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2b
- lncRNAs, long non-coding RNAs
- miRNA, microRNA
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
- ncRNA, non-coding RNAs
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liwen Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Sha Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiangjin Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yihui Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Weiqi Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jie Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Zhao Z, Wu C, He X, Zhao E, Hu S, Han Y, Wang T, Chen Y, Liu T, Huang S. miR-152-3p aggravates vascular endothelial cell dysfunction by targeting DEAD-box helicase 6 (DDX6) under hypoxia. Bioengineered 2021; 12:4899-4910. [PMID: 34374627 PMCID: PMC8806655 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1959864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a main cause of disability and death worldwide, and ischemic stroke accounts for most stroke cases. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been verified to play critical roles in the development of stroke. Herein, we explored effects of miR-152-3p on vascular endothelial cell functions under hypoxia. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with hypoxia to mimic cell injury in vitro. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that miR-152-3p exhibited high expression in HUVECs treated with hypoxia. The inhibition of miR-152-3p reversed hypoxia-induced decrease in cell viability and the increase in angiogenesis, according to the results of cell counting kit-8 assays and tube formation assays. miR-152-3p inhibition reversed the increase in endothelial cell permeability mediated by hypoxia, as shown by endothelial cell permeability in vitro assays. In addition, the increase in protein levels of angiogenetic markers and the decrease in levels of tight junction proteins induced by hypoxia were reversed by miR-152-3p inhibition. Mechanistically, miR-152-3p directly targets 3ʹ-untranslated region of DEAD-box helicase 6 (DDX6), which was confirmed by luciferase reporter assays. DDX6 is lowly expressed in HUVECs under hypoxic condition, and mRNA expression and protein level of DDX6 were upregulated in HUVECs due to miR-152-3p inhibition. Rescue assays showed that DDX6 knockdown reversed effects of miR-152-3p on cell viability, angiogenesis and endothelial permeability. The results demonstrated that miR-152-3p aggravates vascular endothelial cell dysfunction by targeting DDX6 under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Chanji Wu
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiangying He
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Eryi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shijun Hu
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yeguang Han
- Department of Central Laboratory, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yanquan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shixiong Huang
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
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Hu S, Wang X, Li Z, Zhu D, Cores J, Wang Z, Li J, Mei X, Cheng X, Su T, Cheng K. Platelet membrane and stem cell exosome hybrid enhances cellular uptake and targeting to heart injury. NANO TODAY 2021; 39:101210. [PMID: 34306170 PMCID: PMC8294084 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells have been largely studied as therapeutics to treat myocardial infarctions. However, exosomes injected for therapeutic purposes face a number of challenges, including competition from exosomes already in circulation, and the internalization/clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system. In this study, we hybrid exosomes with platelet membranes to enhance their ability to target the injured heart and avoid being captured by macrophages. Furthermore, we found that encapsulation by the platelet membranes induces macropinocytosis, enhancing the cellular uptake of exosomes by endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes strikingly. In vivo studies showed that the cardiac targeting ability of hybrid exosomes in a mice model with myocardial infarction injury. Last, we tested cardiac functions and performed immunohistochemistry to confirm a better therapeutic effect of platelet membrane modified exosomes compared to non-modified exosomes. Our studies provide proof-of-concept data and a universal approach to enhance the binding and accumulation of exosomes in injured tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Hu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Xianyun Wang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Dashuai Zhu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Jhon Cores
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Junlang Li
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Xuan Mei
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Teng Su
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Ke Cheng
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
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Wagner KT, Nash TR, Liu B, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Radisic M. Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiac Regeneration: Potential Applications for Tissues-on-a-Chip. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 39:755-773. [PMID: 32958383 PMCID: PMC7969481 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to regenerate cardiac tissue postinjury are limited and heart transplantation remains the only 'cure' for a failing heart. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-bound cell secretions important in intercellular signaling, have been shown to play a crucial role in regulating heart function. A mechanistic understanding of the role of EVs in the heart remains elusive due to the challenges in studying the native human heart. Tissue-on-a-chip platforms, comprising functional, physiologically relevant human tissue models, are an emerging technology that has yet to be fully applied to the study of EVs. In this review, we summarize recent advances in cardiac tissue-on-a-chip (CTC) platforms and discuss how they are uniquely situated to advance our understanding of EVs in cardiac disease and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl T Wagner
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor R Nash
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bohao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Milica Radisic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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126
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Li T, Zhu L, Zhu L, Wang P, Xu W, Huang J. Recent Developments in Delivery of MicroRNAs Utilizing Nanosystems for Metabolic Syndrome Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157855. [PMID: 34360621 PMCID: PMC8346175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a set of complex, chronic inflammatory conditions that are characterized by central obesity and associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have become an important type of endocrine factors, which play crucial roles in maintaining energy balance and metabolic homeostasis. However, its unfavorable properties such as easy degradation in blood and off-target effect are still a barrier for clinical application. Nanosystem based delivery possess strong protection, high bioavailability and control release rate, which is beneficial for success of gene therapy. This review first describes the current progress and advances on miRNAs associated with MetS, then provides a summary of the therapeutic potential and targets of miRNAs in metabolic organs. Next, it discusses recent advances in the functionalized development of classic delivery systems (exosomes, liposomes and polymers), including their structures, properties, functions and applications. Furthermore, this work briefly discusses the intelligent strategies used in emerging novel delivery systems (selenium nanoparticles, DNA origami, microneedles and magnetosomes). Finally, challenges and future directions in this field are discussed provide a comprehensive overview of the future development of targeted miRNAs delivery for MetS treatment. With these contributions, it is expected to address and accelerate the development of effective NA delivery systems for the treatment of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.L.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (P.W.); (W.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liye Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.L.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (P.W.); (W.X.)
| | - Longjiao Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.L.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (P.W.); (W.X.)
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.L.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (P.W.); (W.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.L.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (P.W.); (W.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiaqiang Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.L.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (P.W.); (W.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence:
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Bei HP, Hung PM, Yeung HL, Wang S, Zhao X. Bone-a-Petite: Engineering Exosomes towards Bone, Osteochondral, and Cartilage Repair. SMALL 2021; 17:e2101741. [PMID: 34288410 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recovery from bone, osteochondral, and cartilage injuries/diseases has been burdensome owing to the damaged vasculature of large defects and/or avascular nature of cartilage leading to a lack of nutrients and supplying cells. However, traditional means of treatment such as microfractures and cell-based therapy only display limited efficacy due to the inability to ensure cell survival and potential aggravation of surrounding tissues. Exosomes have recently emerged as a powerful tool for this tissue repair with its complex content of transcription factors, proteins, and targeting ligands, as well as its unique ability to home in on target cells thanks to its phospholipidic nature. They are engineered to serve specialized applications including enhancing repair, anti-inflammation, regulating homeostasis, etc. via means of physical, chemical, and biological modulations in its deriving cell culture environments. This review focuses on the engineering means to functionalize exosomes for bone, osteochondral, and cartilage regeneration, with an emphasis on conditions such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and osteonecrosis. Finally, future implications for exosome development will be given alongside its potential combination with other strategies to improve its therapeutic efficacy in the osteochondral niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Pan Bei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Pak Ming Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Hau Lam Yeung
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Rd, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.,Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.,Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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Ahmed E, Saleh T, Xu M. Recellularization of Native Tissue Derived Acellular Scaffolds with Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071787. [PMID: 34359955 PMCID: PMC8304639 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The functionalization of decellularized scaffolds is still challenging because of the recellularization-related limitations, including the finding of the most optimal kind of cell(s) and the best way to control their distribution within the scaffolds to generate native mimicking tissues. That is why researchers have been encouraged to study stem cells, in particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as alternative cells to repopulate and functionalize the scaffolds properly. MSCs could be obtained from various sources and have therapeutic effects on a wide range of inflammatory/degenerative diseases. Therefore, in this mini-review, we will discuss the benefits using of MSCs for recellularization, the factors affecting their efficiency, and the drawbacks that may need to be overcome to generate bioengineered transplantable organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtehal Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Tarek Saleh
- Department of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Meifeng Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-513-558-4725; Fax: +1-513-558-2141
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Kong LY, Liang MY, Liu JP, Lai P, Ye JS, Zhang ZX, Du ZM, Yu JJ, Gu L, Xie FC, Tang ZX, Liu ZY. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes Rescue Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-induced Injury in Endothelial Cells. Curr Neurovasc Res 2021; 17:155-163. [PMID: 32056526 DOI: 10.2174/1567202617666200214103950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes on brain microvascular endothelial cells under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), which mimic cells in deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) in vitro, are yet to be studied. METHODS MSCs were co-cultured with primary rat brain endothelial cells, which were then exposed to OGD. Cell viability, apoptosis, the inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), and the activation of inflammation-associated TLR4-mediated pyroptosis and the NF-κB signaling pathway were determined. Furthermore, exosomes derived from MSCs were isolated and incubated with endothelial cells to investigate whether the effect of MSCs is associated with MSCderived exosomes. Apoptosis, cell viability, and the inflammatory response were also analyzed in OGD-induced endothelial cells incubated with MSC-derived exosomes. RESULTS OGD treatment promoted endothelial cell apoptosis, induced the release of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and inhibited cell viability. Western blot analysis showed that OGD treatment-induced TLR4, and NF-κB p65 subunit phosphorylation and caspase-1 upregulation, while co-culture with MSCs could reduce the effect of OGD treatment on endothelial cells. As expected, the effect of MSC-derived exosomes on OGD-treated endothelial cells was similar to that of MSCs. MSC-derived exosomes alleviated the OGD-induced decrease in the viability of endothelial cells, and increased levels of apoptosis, inflammatory factors, and the activation of inflammatory and inflammatory focal pathways. CONCLUSION Both MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes attenuated OGD-induced rat primary brain endothelial cell injury. These findings suggest that MSC-derived exosomes mediate at least some of the protective effects of MSCs on endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yun Kong
- Department of Operation Room, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Meng-Ya Liang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian-Ping Liu
- Department of Vascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Ping Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jun-Song Ye
- Department of Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zu-Xiong Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Du
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jun-Jian Yu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Liang Gu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Fa-Chun Xie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhi-Xian Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zi-You Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Cancer Development and Targeted Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9962194. [PMID: 34335792 PMCID: PMC8289580 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9962194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have emerged as a new drug delivery system. In particular, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied because of their tumor-homing ability and yield advantages. Considering that MSC-derived exosomes are a double-edged sword in the development, metastasis, and invasion of tumors, engineered exosomes have broad potential use. In this review, we focused on the latest development in the treatment of tumors using engineered and nonengineered MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-EXs). Nonengineered MSC-EXs exert an antitumor effect on several well-studied tumors by affecting tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and invasion. Furthermore, engineered exosomes have promising research prospects as drug-carrying tools for the transport of miRNAs, small-molecule drugs, and proteins. Although exosomes lack uniform standards in terms of definition, separation, and purification, they still have great research value because of their unique advantages, such as high biocompatibility and low toxicity. Future studies on MSC-EXs should elucidate the mechanisms underlying their anticancer effect and the safety of their application.
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Bioinspired artificial exosomes based on lipid nanoparticles carrying let-7b-5p promote angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2239-2252. [PMID: 33744469 PMCID: PMC8261169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by post-transcriptional inhibition of target genes. Proangiogenic small extracellular vesicles (sEVs; popularly identified with the name "exosomes") with a composite cargo of miRNAs are secreted by cultured stem cells and present in human biological fluids. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) represent an advanced platform for clinically approved delivery of RNA therapeutics. In this study, we aimed to (1) identify the miRNAs responsible for sEV-induced angiogenesis; (2) develop the prototype of bioinspired "artificial exosomes" (AEs) combining LNPs with a proangiogenic miRNA, and (3) validate the angiogenic potential of the bioinspired AEs. We previously reported that human sEVs from bone marrow (BM)-CD34+ cells and pericardial fluid (PF) are proangiogenic. Here, we have shown that sEVs secreted from saphenous vein pericytes and BM mesenchymal stem cells also promote angiogenesis. Analysis of miRNA datasets available in-house or datamined from GEO identified the let-7 family as common miRNA signature of the proangiogenic sEVs. LNPs with either hsa-let-7b-5p or cyanine 5 (Cy5)-conjugated Caenorhabditis elegans miR-39 (Cy5-cel-miR-39; control miRNA) were prepared using microfluidic micromixing. let-7b-5p-AEs did not cause toxicity and transferred functionally active let-7b-5p to recipient endothelial cells (ECs). let-7b-AEs also improved EC survival under hypoxia and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Bioinspired proangiogenic AEs could be further developed into innovative nanomedicine products targeting ischemic diseases.
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Niazi V, Hussen BM, Omrani MD, Taheri M, Basiri A. The Emerging Role of Exosomes in the Treatment of Human Disorders With a Special Focus on Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653296. [PMID: 34307345 PMCID: PMC8293617 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by diverse eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. They have prominent roles in the modulation of cell-cell communication, inflammation versus immunomodulation, carcinogenic processes, cell proliferation and differentiation, and tissue regeneration. These acellular vesicles are more promising than cellular methods because of the lower risk of tumor formation, autoimmune responses and toxic effects compared with cell therapy. Moreover, the small size and lower complexity of these vesicles compared with cells have made their production and storage easier than cellular methods. Exosomes originated from mesenchymal stem cells has also been introduced as therapeutic option for a number of human diseases. The current review aims at summarization of the role of EVs in the regenerative medicine with a focus on their therapeutic impacts in liver fibrosis, lung disorders, osteoarthritis, colitis, myocardial injury, spinal cord injury and retinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Niazi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Basiri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kronstadt SM, Pottash AE, Levy D, Wang S, Chao W, Jay SM. Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles for Sepsis Treatment. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2000259. [PMID: 34423113 PMCID: PMC8378673 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a deadly condition lacking a specific treatment despite decades of research. This has prompted the exploration of new approaches, with extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerging as a focal area. EVs are nanosized, cell-derived particles that transport bioactive components (i.e., proteins, DNA, and RNA) between cells, enabling both normal physiological functions and disease progression depending on context. In particular, EVs have been identified as critical mediators of sepsis pathophysiology. However, EVs are also thought to constitute the biologically active component of cell-based therapies and have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects in sepsis models. The dual nature of EVs in sepsis is explored here, discussing their endogenous roles and highlighting their therapeutic properties and potential. Related to the latter component, prior studies involving EVs from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and other sources are discussed and emerging producer cells that could play important roles in future EV-based sepsis therapies are identified. Further, how methodologies could impact therapeutic development toward sepsis treatment to enhance and control EV potency is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Kronstadt
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Alex E Pottash
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Sheng Wang
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Wei Chao
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Steven M Jay
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering and Program in Molecular and, Cell Biology, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Protect Cardiomyocytes from Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy by Upregulating Survivin Expression via the miR-199a-3p-Akt-Sp1/p53 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137102. [PMID: 34281156 PMCID: PMC8267634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is associated with the long-term clinical application of doxorubicin (DOX) in cancer patients. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) including exosomes have been suggested for the treatment of various diseases, including ischemic diseases. However, the effects and functional mechanism of MSC-sEVs in DOX-induced cardiomyopathy have not been clarified. Here, MSC-sEVs were isolated from murine embryonic mesenchymal progenitor cell (C3H/10T1/2) culture media, using ultrafiltration. H9c2 cardiac myoblast cells were pretreated with MSC-sEVs and then exposed to DOX. For in vivo studies, male C57BL/6 mice were administered MSC-sEVs intravenously, prior to a single dose of DOX (15 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). The mice were sacrificed 14 days after DOX treatment. The results showed that MSC-sEVs protected cardiomyocytes from DOX-induced cell death. H9c2 cells treated with DOX showed downregulation of both phosphorylated Akt and survivin, whereas the treatment of MSC-sEVs recovered expression, indicating their anti-apoptotic effects. Three microRNAs (miRNAs) (miR 199a-3p, miR 424-5p, and miR 21-5p) in MSC-sEVs regulated the Akt-Sp1/p53 signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes. Among them, miR 199a-3p was involved in regulating survivin expression, which correlated with the anti-apoptotic effects of MSC-sEVs. In in vivo studies, the echocardiographic results showed that the group treated with MSC-sEVs recovered from DOX-induced cardiomyopathy, showing improvement of both the left ventricle fraction and ejection fraction. MSC-sEVs treatment also increased both survivin and B-cell lymphoma 2 expression in heart tissue compared to the DOX group. Our results demonstrate that MSC-sEVs have protective effects against DOX-induced cardiomyopathy by upregulating survivin expression, which is mediated by the regulation of Akt activation by miRNAs in MSC-sEVs. Thus, MSC-sEVs may be a novel therapy for the prevention of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy.
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135
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Liao Z, Liu C, Wang L, Sui C, Zhang H. Therapeutic Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Female Reproductive Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:665645. [PMID: 34248842 PMCID: PMC8261239 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.665645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive disorders, including intrauterine adhesion (IUA), premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), are great threats to female reproduction. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells derived-extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have presented their potentials to cure these diseases, not only for the propensity ability they stemmed from the parent cells, but also for the higher biology stability and lower immunogenicity, compared to MSCs. EVs are lipid bilayer complexes, functional as mediators by transferring multiple molecules to recipient cells, such as proteins, microRNAs, lipids, and cytokines. EVs appeared to have a therapeutic effect on the female reproductive disorder, such as repairing injured endometrium, suppressing fibrosis of endometrium, regulating immunity and anti-inflammatory, and repressing apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs) in ovaries. Although the underlying mechanisms of MSC-EVs have reached a consensus, several theories have been proposed, including promoting angiogenesis, regulating immunity, and reducing oxidate stress levels. In the current study, we summarized the current knowledge of functions of MSC-EVs on IUA, POI, and PCOS. Given the great potentials of MSC-EVs on reproductive health, the critical issues discussed will guide new insights in this rapidly expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chang Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Cong Sui
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanwang Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Chen X, Wang F, Huang Z, Wu Y, Geng J, Wang Y. Clinical applications of mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies for pulmonary diseases: An Update and Concise Review. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2849-2870. [PMID: 34220313 PMCID: PMC8241779 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.59218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung disorders are a leading cause of morbidity and death worldwide. For many disease conditions, no effective and curative treatment options are available. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy is one of the cutting-edge topics in medical research today. It offers a novel and promising therapeutic option for various acute and chronic lung diseases due to its potent and broad-ranging immunomodulatory activities, bacterial clearance, tissue regeneration, and proangiogenic and antifibrotic properties, which rely on both cell-to-cell contact and paracrine mechanisms. This review covers the sources and therapeutic potential of MSCs. In particular, a total of 110 MSC-based clinical applications, either completed clinical trials with safety and early efficacy results reported or ongoing worldwide clinical trials of pulmonary diseases, are systematically summarized following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, including acute/viral pulmonary disease, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), interstitial lung diseases (ILD), chronic pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and lung cancer. The results of recent clinical studies suggest that MSCs are a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of lung diseases. Nevertheless, large-scale clinical trials and evaluation of long-term effects are necessary in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Chen
- Unicell Life Science Development Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin TEDA Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Geng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
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Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Mediators of Psychosocial Stress Contribution to Osteoporosis? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115846. [PMID: 34072559 PMCID: PMC8199340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and damage to the bone tissue’s microarchitecture, leading to increased fracture risk. Several studies have provided evidence for associations between psychosocial stress and osteoporosis through various pathways, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, the sympathetic nervous system, and other endocrine factors. As psychosocial stress provokes oxidative cellular stress with consequences for mitochondrial function and cell signaling (e.g., gene expression, inflammation), it is of interest whether extracellular vesicles (EVs) may be a relevant biomarker in this context or act by transporting substances. EVs are intercellular communicators, transfer substances encapsulated in them, modify the phenotype and function of target cells, mediate cell-cell communication, and, therefore, have critical applications in disease progression and clinical diagnosis and therapy. This review summarizes the characteristics of EVs, their role in stress and osteoporosis, and their benefit as biological markers. We demonstrate that EVs are potential mediators of psychosocial stress and osteoporosis and may be beneficial in innovative research settings.
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139
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Li X, Liu Y, Zheng S, Zhang T, Wu J, Sun Y, Zhang J, Liu G. Role of exosomes in the immune microenvironment of ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:377. [PMID: 33777201 PMCID: PMC7988709 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are excretory vesicles that can deliver a variety of bioactive cargo molecules to the extracellular environment. Accumulating evidence demonstrates exosome participation in intercellular communication, immune response, inflammatory response and they even play an essential role in affecting the tumor immune microenvironment. The role of exosomes in the immune microenvironment of ovarian cancer is mainly divided into suppression and stimulation. On one hand exosomes can stimulate the innate and adaptive immune systems by activating dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer cells and T cells, allowing these immune cells exert an antitumorigenic effect. On the other hand, ovarian cancer-derived exosomes initiate cross-talk with immunosuppressive effector cells, which subsequently cause immune evasion; one of the hallmarks of cancer. Exosomes induce the polarization of macrophages in M2 phenotype and induce apoptosis of lymphocytes and DCs. Exosomes further activate additional immunosuppressive effector cells (myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells) that induce fibroblasts to differentiate into cancer-associated fibroblasts. Exosomes also induce the tumorigenicity of mesenchymal stem cells to exert additional immune suppression. Furthermore, besides mediating the intercellular communication, exosomes carry microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins and lipids to the tumor microenvironment, which collectively promotes ovarian cancer cells to proliferate, invade and tumors to metastasize. Studying proteins, lipids and miRNAs carried by exosomes could potentially be used as an early diagnostic marker of ovarian cancer for designing treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jingzi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Guoyan Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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Wang M, Xu X, Lei X, Tan J, Xie H. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for burn wound healing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2021; 9:tkab002. [PMID: 34212055 PMCID: PMC8240555 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Burns, with their high incidence and mortality rates, have a devastating effect on patients. There are still huge challenges in the management of burns. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which have multidirectional differentiation potential, have aroused interest in exploring the capacity for treating different intractable diseases due to their strong proliferation, tissue repair, immune tolerance and paracrine abilities, among other features. Currently, several animal studies have shown that MSCs play various roles and have beneficial effects in promoting wound healing, inhibiting burn inflammation and preventing the formation of pathological scars during burn healing process. The substances MSCs secrete can act on peripheral cells and promote burn repair. According to preclinical research, MSC-based treatments can effectively improve burn wound healing and reduce pain. However, due to the small number of patients and the lack of controls, treatment plans and evaluation criteria vary widely, thus limiting the value of these clinical studies. Therefore, to better evaluate the safety and effectiveness of MSC-based burn treatments, standardization of the application scheme and evaluation criteria of MSC therapy in burn treatment is required in the future. In addition, the combination of MSC pretreatment and dressing materials are also conducive to improving the therapeutic effect of MSCs on burns. In this article, we review current animal research and clinical trials based on the use of stem cell therapy for treating burns and discuss the main challenges and coping strategies facing future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyao Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xinxuan Xu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiongxin Lei
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Huiqi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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胡 星, 周 明, 柳 海, 李 盛, 陈 彦, 刘 一, 王 鹏, 赵 秋, 肖 振. [Expression of Ras-Associated Protein 1 in the Vascular Endothelium of Bone Tissue with Non-Traumatic Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2021; 52:452-457. [PMID: 34018364 PMCID: PMC10409190 DOI: 10.12182/20210560503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the difference in the expression of Ras-associated protein 1 (Rap1) in necrotic and healthy areas of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head (NONFH) patients. Methods Femoral head tissue samples from 30 cases of NONFH and 30 cases of traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (TONFH) were collected after hip replacement surgery, respectively. No significant difference of Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) staging was found between the NONFH and the TONFH groups ( Z=-0.769, P=0.442). In the NONFH group, 8 patients were ARCO stage IIIb, 10 were stage IV, and 12 were stage V, while in the TONFH ground, 11 patients were ARCO stage IIIb, 9 were stage IV, and 10 were stage V. There were 19 males and 11 females in the NONFH group, with an average age of 49.6 yr. (26-69 yr.), and 16 males and 14 females in the TONFH group, with an average age of 54.2 yr. (37-68 yr.). There was no significant difference in gender or age between the two groups ( P>0.05). Specimens were collected from different bone areas, including those from the necrotic areas (area A) and the healthy areas (area B) of the NONFH group, and those from the healthy areas (area B') of the TONFH group, i.e., the control group. Western blot and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to analyze the different expression of Rap1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and Akt protein and their corresponding mRNA in the three areas of bone tissue. HE staining and immunohistochemisty staining were done in order to observe the morphological changes of each area. Results Western blot results indicated that there was no statistical difference in the relative expression of Rap1, VEGF, PI3K, and Akt proteins ( P>0.05). The relative expressions of Rap1, VEGF, PI3K, and Akt proteins in the area A were lower than those in the area B and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). qRT-PCR results showed that the relative expressions of Rap1, VEGF, PI3 K and Akt mRNA in area A were lower than those of area B, and a statistical difference was found ( P<0.05). The relative expression of the mRNA of Rap1, VEGF , PI3 K and Akt in area B and area B' were not significantly different ( P>0.05). HE staining and immunohistochemisty staining showed that chondrocytes decreased in the necrotic area (area A) of NONFH, chondrocytes nucleus disappeared, subchondral bone trabeculae were broken, bone trabeculae thickened, and empty bone lacunae appeared. Granulation tissues composed of new capillaries and fibrous cells have proliferated and crawled around the necrotic area. Positive expressions of the Rap1, VEGF, PI3K and Akt proteins in area A were weaker than those of the normal area. In addition, there were positive expressions of Rap1, PI3K and Akt on the trabecular bone of both area A and area B at similar intensity of expression. There were strong positive expressions of Rap1, VEGF, PI3K and Akt on the intima of arterioles and venules, and on the peripheral stromal cell membrane, but the positive expression in area A was significantly lower than that in area B. However, the positive expression positions and intensity of all indicators were similar in area B and area B'. Conclusion The necrosis in NONFH may be related to vascular endothelial damages caused by the inhibition of the Rap1-PI3K/Akt signaling pathways and the subsequent decline in the protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- 星荣 胡
- 甘肃中医药大学 (兰州 730000)Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - 明旺 周
- 甘肃中医药大学 (兰州 730000)Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - 海平 柳
- 甘肃中医药大学 (兰州 730000)Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - 盛华 李
- 甘肃中医药大学 (兰州 730000)Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - 彦同 陈
- 甘肃中医药大学 (兰州 730000)Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - 一飞 刘
- 甘肃中医药大学 (兰州 730000)Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - 鹏志 王
- 甘肃中医药大学 (兰州 730000)Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - 秋玥 赵
- 甘肃中医药大学 (兰州 730000)Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - 振 肖
- 甘肃中医药大学 (兰州 730000)Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Ghodrat S, Hoseini SJ, Asadpour S, Nazarnezhad S, Alizadeh Eghtedar F, Kargozar S. Stem cell-based therapies for cardiac diseases: The critical role of angiogenic exosomes. Biofactors 2021; 47:270-291. [PMID: 33606893 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Finding effective treatments for cardiac diseases is among the hottest subjects in medicine; cell-based therapies have brought great promises for managing a broad range of life-threatening heart complications such as myocardial infarction. After clarifying the critical role of angiogenesis in tissue repair and regeneration, various stem/progenitor cell were utilized to accelerate the healing of injured cardiac tissue. Embryonic, fetal, adult, and induced pluripotent stem cells have shown the appropriate proangiogenic potential for tissue repair strategies. The capability of stem cells for differentiating into endothelial lineages was initially introduced as the primary mechanism involved in improving angiogenesis and accelerated heart tissue repair. However, recent studies have demonstrated the leading role of paracrine factors secreted by stem cells in advancing neo-vessel formation. Genetically modified stem cells are also being applied for promoting angiogenesis regarding their ability to considerably overexpress and secrete angiogenic bioactive molecules. Yet, conducting further research seems necessary to precisely identify molecular mechanisms behind the proangiogenic potential of stem cells, including the signaling pathways and regulatory molecules such as microRNAs. In conclusion, stem cells' pivotal roles in promoting angiogenesis and consequent improved cardiac healing and remodeling processes should not be ignored, especially in the case of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ghodrat
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Hoseini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shiva Asadpour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Simin Nazarnezhad
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fariba Alizadeh Eghtedar
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeid Kargozar
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Li LJ, Gu YJ, Wang LQ, Wan W, Wang HW, Yang XN, Ma LL, Yang LH, Meng ZH. Serum exosomal microRNA-146a as a novel diagnostic biomarker for acute coronary syndrome. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:3105-3114. [PMID: 34164201 PMCID: PMC8182505 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases. However, few studies have focused on the role of exosomal miRNAs in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The purpose of this study was to explore weather serum exosomal microRNA-146a (exo-miR-146a) could be used as a novel diagnostic biomarker for ACS and to investigate its relationship with inflammatory response. Methods A total of 63 ACS patients and 25 patients with normal coronary arteries (Control) were enrolled respectively. The serum exosomes were isolated and then identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blot, and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The expression levels of exo-miR-146a in serum were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and the expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to appraise the potential factors related to serum exo-miR-146a and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied for predicting the accuracy of ACS via the area under curve (AUC). Results Exosomes isolated from serum were of typical cup-like shape, with 50-150 nm diameter, and expressed CD9, CD63, CD81, and HSP70. The expression levels of serum exo-miR-146a, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly increased in ACS patients compared with the control group, Spearman′s correlation analysis indicated that exo-miR-146a expression was markedly positively correlated with IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. The ROC curve analyses revealed that exo-miR-146a could distinguish ACS patients from their normal controls. Conclusions The serum exo-miR-146a may be used as a novel diagnostic biomarker for ACS patients, and it is also associated with inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Jun Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ya-Juan Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lu-Qiao Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen Wan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hua-Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Na Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lin-Ling Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li-Hong Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Meng
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Zhang LL, Xiong YY, Yang YJ. The Vital Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and the Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Promoting Angiogenesis After Acute Myocardial Infarction. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:561-577. [PMID: 33752473 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an event of ischemic myocardial necrosis caused by acute coronary artery occlusion, which ultimately leads to a large loss of cardiomyocytes. The prerequisite of salvaging ischemic myocardium and improving cardiac function of patients is to provide adequate blood perfusion in the infarcted area. Apart from reperfusion therapy, it is also urgent and imperative to promote angiogenesis. Recently, growing evidence based on promising preclinical data indicates that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can provide therapeutic effects on AMI by promoting angiogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-encapsulated vesicles with complex cargoes, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, can be derived from MSCs and represent part of their functions, so EVs also possess the ability to promote angiogenesis. However, poor control of the survival and localization of MSCs hindered clinical transformation and made scientists start looking for new approaches based on MSCs. Identifying the role of MSCs and their derived EVs in promoting angiogenesis can provide a theoretical basis for improved MSC-based methods, and ultimately promote the clinical treatment of AMI. This review highlights potential proangiogenic mechanisms of transplanted MSCs and the derived EVs after AMI and summarizes the latest literature concerning the novel methods based on MSCs to maximize the angiogenesis capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Yan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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145
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Kim JY, Rhim WK, Yoo YI, Kim DS, Ko KW, Heo Y, Park CG, Han DK. Defined MSC exosome with high yield and purity to improve regenerative activity. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211008626. [PMID: 33959246 PMCID: PMC8060739 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211008626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been studied as vital
components of regenerative medicine. Typically, various isolation methods of
exosomes from cell culture medium have been developed to increase the isolation
yield of exosomes. Moreover, the exosome-depletion process of serum has been
considered to result in clinically active and highly purified exosomes from the
cell culture medium. Our aim was to compare isolation methods, ultracentrifuge
(UC)-based conventional method, and tangential flow filtration (TFF)
system-based method for separation with high yield, and the bioactivity of the
exosome according to the purity of MSC-derived exosome was determined by the
ratio of Fetal bovine serum (FBS)-derived exosome to MSC-derived exosome
depending on exosome depletion processes of FBS. The TFF-based isolation yield
of exosome derived from human umbilical cord MSC (UCMSC) increased two orders
(92.5 times) compared to UC-based isolation method. Moreover, by optimizing the
process of depleting FBS-derived exosome, the purity of UCMSC-derived exosome,
evaluated using the expression level of MSC exosome surface marker (CD73), was
about 15.6 times enhanced and the concentration of low-density
lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), known as impurities resulting from FBS, proved
to be negligibly detected. The wound healing and angiogenic effects of highly
purified UCMSC-derived exosomes were improved about 23.1% and 71.4%,
respectively, with human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC). It suggests
that the defined MSC exosome with high yield and purity could increase
regenerative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.,Department of Intelligent Precision of Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyu Rhim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-In Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Seul Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.,School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Won Ko
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Heo
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.,Department of Intelligent Precision of Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
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Qin Z, Liao R, Xiong Y, Jiang L, Li J, Wang L, Han M, Sun S, Geng J, Yang Q, Zhang Z, Li Y, Du H, Su B. A narrative review of exosomes in vascular calcification. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:579. [PMID: 33987277 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is the abnormal deposition of calcium, phosphorus, and other minerals in the vessel wall and can be commonly observed in diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and chronic inflammatory disease. It is closely associated with mortality from cardiovascular events. Traditionally, calcification is considered as a degenerative disease associated with the aging process, while increasing evidence has shown that the occurrence and development of calcification is an active biological process, which is highly regulated by multiple factors. The molecular mechanisms of VC have not yet been fully elucidated. Exosomes, as important transporters of substance transport and intercellular communication, have been shown to participate in VC. The regulation of VC by exosomes involves a number of complex biological processes, which occur through a variety of interaction mechanisms. However, the specific role and mechanism of exosomes in the process of VC are still not fully understood and require further study. This review will briefly describe the roles of exosomes in the process of VC including in the promotion of extracellular mineral deposits, induction of phenotypic conversion of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), transport of microRNA between cells, and regulation on autophagy and oxidative stress, with the aim of providing novel ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Qin
- Department of nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruoxi Liao
- Department of nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqin Xiong
- Department of nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Luojia Jiang
- Department of nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiameng Li
- Department of nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiwen Geng
- Department of nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinbo Yang
- Department of nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuyun Zhang
- Department of nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yupei Li
- Department of nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Heyue Du
- Department of nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Baihai Su
- Department of nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Chen D, Wang K, Zheng Y, Wang G, Jiang M. Exosomes-Mediated LncRNA ZEB1-AS1 Facilitates Cell Injuries by miR-590-5p/ETS1 Axis Through the TGF-β/Smad Pathway in Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein-induced Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:480-490. [PMID: 33818551 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Atherosclerosis is a chronic lipid-induced inflammation of the vessel wall. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein was confirmed to drive the onset of atherogenesis. Zinc finger e-box-binding homeobox 1 antisense 1 (ZEB1-AS1) is a long noncoding RNA that is involved in human diseases, including atherosclerosis. In this study, the role of exosomes-mediated ZEB1-AS1 and its underlying mechanisms in atherosclerosis were explored in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Exosomes were extracted from HUVECs. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to measure the expression of ZEB1-AS1, microRNA-590-5p (miR-590-5p), or erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1 (ETS1) in cells or exosomes. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Western blot was performed to detect apoptosis-related factors, ETS1, and TGF-β/Smad pathway protein levels. The secretion of inflammatory factors in supernatant was detected by ELISA assay. Oxidative stress damage indicators were used to assess cellular damage. Relationship between miR-590-5p and ZEB1-AS1 or ETS1 was analyzed. Our data indicated that ox-LDL-induced exosomes-mediated ZEB1-AS1 in HUVECs. Ox-LDL treatment resulted in limited proliferation, proapoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress damage, whereas knockdown of ZEB1-AS1 could reverse these effects. Mechanically, ZEB1-AS1 sponged miR-590-5p to regulate ETS1 expression. MiR-590-5p knockdown inverted effects above of si-ZEB1-AS1 on HUVECs under ox-LDL exposure. Moreover, ETS1 reversed miR-590-5p-induced effects and activated the TGF-β/Smad pathway in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that exosomes-mediated ZEB1-AS1 enhanced cell injuries by miR-590-5p/ETS1 axis through the TGF-β/Smad pathway in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs, suggesting that inhibiting ZEB1-AS1 might be an effective way for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, China
| | - Kunwei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tianyou Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China ; and
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Shanghai Putuo, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China ; and
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148
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Gao W, He R, Ren J, Zhang W, Wang K, Zhu L, Liang T. Exosomal HMGB1 derived from hypoxia-conditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells increases angiogenesis via the JNK/HIF-1α pathway. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:1364-1373. [PMID: 33711197 PMCID: PMC8091582 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been described to induce angiogenesis in various tissues and have been used for the development of novel cell‐based therapies. Increasing evidence suggests that MSCs execute their paracrine function via the secretion of exosomes, especially under hypoxic conditions. However, the mechanisms by which MSC‐derived exosomes secreted under hypoxia enhance angiogenesis still remain unclear. To study exosome physiology under hypoxic or normoxic conditions, we isolated exosomes from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Furthermore, we detected the uptake of exosomes by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by immunofluorescence staining. In addition, we determined the effects of exosomes on cell viability, migration and tube formation in HUVECs by Cell Counting Kit‐8, migration and tube formation assays, respectively. We examined the expression of key proteins related to exosome‐induced angiogenesis by BMSCs cultured under hypoxic conditions by western blot. Exosomes released by BMSCs cultured under hypoxic conditions enhanced cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of HUVECs. Hypoxia induced the expression of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in BMSC‐derived exosomes, and silencing of HMGB1 abolished the angiogenic effect in HUVECs. Furthermore, exosomal HMGB1 activated the JNK signaling pathway and induced hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α/vascular endothelial growth factor expression, consequently enhancing angiogenesis in HUVECs. Our data reveal that exosomal HMGB1 promotes angiogenesis via JNK/hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α signaling. Therefore, BMSC exosomes derived under hypoxia may have potential for development of novel treatment strategies for angiogenesis‐related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Gao
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ronghan He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Ren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tangzhao Liang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Advances in mesenchymal stem cell-mediated tissue repair of lung injury. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2021; 7:75-78. [PMID: 34136766 PMCID: PMC8180469 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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150
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Mesenchymal stem cells and cancer therapy: insights into targeting the tumour vasculature. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:158. [PMID: 33685452 PMCID: PMC7938588 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01836-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A crosstalk established between tumor microenvironment and tumor cells leads to contribution or inhibition of tumor progression. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are critical cells that fundamentally participate in modulation of the tumor microenvironment, and have been reported to be able to regulate and determine the final destination of tumor cell. Conflicting functions have been attributed to the activity of MSCs in the tumor microenvironment; they can confer a tumorigenic or anti-tumor potential to the tumor cells. Nonetheless, MSCs have been associated with a potential to modulate the tumor microenvironment in favouring the suppression of cancer cells, and promising results have been reported from the preclinical as well as clinical studies. Among the favourable behaviours of MSCs, are releasing mediators (like exosomes) and their natural migrative potential to tumor sites, allowing efficient drug delivering and, thereby, efficient targeting of migrating tumor cells. Additionally, angiogenesis of tumor tissue has been characterized as a key feature of tumors for growth and metastasis. Upon introduction of first anti-angiogenic therapy by a monoclonal antibody, attentions have been drawn toward manipulation of angiogenesis as an attractive strategy for cancer therapy. After that, a wide effort has been put on improving the approaches for cancer therapy through interfering with tumor angiogenesis. In this article, we attempted to have an overview on recent findings with respect to promising potential of MSCs in cancer therapy and had emphasis on the implementing MSCs to improve them against the suppression of angiogenesis in tumor tissue, hence, impeding the tumor progression.
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