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Yoshikawa C, Nakaji-Hirabayashi T, Nishijima N, Nonsuwan P, Toh RJ, Kowalczyk W, Thissen H. Ultra-low fouling photocrosslinked coatings for the selective capture of cells expressing CD44. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 120:111630. [PMID: 33545815 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effective control of biointerfacial interactions is of outstanding interest in a broad range of biomedical applications, ranging from cell culture tools to biosensors and implantable medical devices. For many of these applications, highly specific interactions between cells and material surfaces are desired. Sophisticated control over these interactions requires reducing or preventing non-specific interactions on the one hand and displaying highly specific signals that can be recognized by extracellular receptors on the other. We have recently developed ultra-low fouling coatings that can be applied in a single step using photoreactive copolymers of 2-hydroxypropyl acrylamide and N-benzophenone acrylamide. Here, we have expanded this approach by incorporating polymerizable peptide monomers into these copolymers. The monomers QQGWFGAGK(acrylamide) and acrylamide-GAGQQGWF were synthesized after identifying the QQGWF sequence as a binding motif for CD44 by phage display for the first time. Our results demonstrate that UV-crosslinked coatings fabricated using the QQGWFGAGK(acrylamide) monomer are effective at selectively binding hMSC in the presence of HepG2 and HEK293 cells due to the difference in CD44 expression. Our results also demonstrate that the peptide modified coatings retain their low biofouling character using a BCA protein binding assay as well as an E. coli bacterial attachment assay over a 24 h period. Our approach provides an alternative to traditional integrin-mediated selective cell binding on surfaces and opens the door to new diagnostic applications, exploiting the fact that the transmembrane protein CD44 is highly expressed in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Yoshikawa
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Nakaji-Hirabayashi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan; Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Nanami Nishijima
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Punnida Nonsuwan
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Rou Jun Toh
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Wioleta Kowalczyk
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Helmut Thissen
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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102
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Sturaro G, Tasso A, Menilli L, Di Liddo R, Miolo G, Conconi MT. 4,6,4'-Trimethylangelicin Photoactivated by Blue Light Might Represent an Interesting Option for Photochemotherapy of Non-Invasive Bladder Carcinoma: An In Vitro Study on T24 Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020158. [PMID: 33504020 PMCID: PMC7911445 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is frequently used to treat non-muscle invasive bladder cancer due its low toxicity and high selectivity. Since recurrence often occurs, alternative approaches and/or designs of combined therapies to improve PDT effectiveness are needed. This work aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of 4,6,4′-trimethylangelicin (TMA) photoactivated by blue light (BL) on human bladder cancer T24 cells and investigate the mechanisms underlying its biological effects. TMA/BL exerted antiproliferative activity through the induction of apoptosis without genotoxicity, as demonstrated by the expression levels of phospho-H2AX, an indicator of DNA double-stranded breaks. It also modulated the Wnt canonical signal pathway by increasing the phospho-β-catenin and decreasing the nuclear levels of β-catenin. The inhibition of this pathway was due to the modulation of the GSK3β phosphorylation state (Tyr 216) that induces a proteasomal degradation of β-catenin. Indeed, a partial recovery of nuclear β-catenin expression and reduction of its phosphorylated form after treatment with LiCl were detected. As demonstrated by RT-PCR and cytofluorimetric analysis, TMA/BL also decreased the expression of CD44v6, a marker of cancer stem cells. Taken together, our data suggest that TMA photoactivated by BL may represent an interesting option for the photochemotherapy of noninvasive bladder carcinomas, since this treatment is able to inhibit key pathways for tumour growth and progression in the absence of genotoxic effects.
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103
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Pibuel MA, Poodts D, Díaz M, Hajos SE, Lompardía SL. The scrambled story between hyaluronan and glioblastoma. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100549. [PMID: 33744285 PMCID: PMC8050860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in cancer biology are revealing the importance of the cancer cell microenvironment on tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Hyaluronan (HA), the main glycosaminoglycan in the extracellular matrix, has been associated with the progression of glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and lethal primary tumor in the central nervous system, for several decades. However, the mechanisms by which HA impacts GBM properties and processes have been difficult to elucidate. In this review, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the current knowledge on HA's effects on GBM biology, introducing its primary receptors CD44 and RHAMM and the plethora of relevant downstream signaling pathways that can scramble efforts to directly link HA activity to biological outcomes. We consider the complexities of studying an extracellular polymer and the different strategies used to try to capture its function, including 2D and 3D in vitro studies, patient samples, and in vivo models. Given that HA affects not only migration and invasion, but also cell proliferation, adherence, and chemoresistance, we highlight the potential role of HA as a therapeutic target. Finally, we review the different existing approaches to diminish its protumor effects, such as the use of 4-methylumbelliferone, HA oligomers, and hyaluronidases and encourage further research along these lines in order to improve the survival and quality of life of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Arturo Pibuel
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina.
| | - Daniela Poodts
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina
| | - Mariángeles Díaz
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina
| | - Silvia Elvira Hajos
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina
| | - Silvina Laura Lompardía
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina.
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104
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Abd-El-Raouf R, Ouf SA, Gabr MM, Zakaria MM, El-Yasergy KF, Ali-El-Dein B. Escherichia coli foster bladder cancer cell line progression via epithelial mesenchymal transition, stemness and metabolic reprogramming. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18024. [PMID: 33093503 PMCID: PMC7581527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria is recognized as opportunistic tumor inhabitant, giving rise to an environmental stress that may alter tumor microenvironment, which directs cancer behavior. In vitro infection of the T24 cell line with E. coli was performed to study the bacterial impact on bladder cancer cells. EMT markers were assessed using immunohistochemistry, western blot and RT-PCR. Stemness characteristics were monitored using RT-PCR. Furthermore, the metabolic reprograming was investigated by detection of ROS and metabolic markers. A significant (p ≤ 0.001) upregulation of vimentin as well as downregulation of CK19 transcription and protein levels was reported. A significant increase (p ≤ 0.001) in the expression level of stemness markers (CD44, NANOG, SOX2 and OCT4) was reported. ROS level was elevated, that led to a significant increase (p ≤ 0.001) in UCP2. This enhanced a significant increase (p ≤ 0.001) in PDK1 to significantly downregulate PDH (p ≤ 0.001) in order to block oxidative phosphorylation in favor of glycolysis. This resulted in a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.001) of AMPK, and a significant elevation (p ≤ 0.001) of MCT1 to export the produced lactate to extracellular matrix. Thus, bacteria may induce alteration to the heterogonous tumor cell population through EMT, CSCs and metabolic reprogramming, which may improve cancer cell ability to migrate and self-renew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romaila Abd-El-Raouf
- Researches Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salama A Ouf
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud M Gabr
- Researches Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Zakaria
- Researches Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Khaled F El-Yasergy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Bedeir Ali-El-Dein
- Urology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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105
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Li C, Cao Z, Li W, Liu R, Chen Y, Song Y, Liu G, Song Z, Liu Z, Lu C, Liu Y. A review on the wide range applications of hyaluronic acid as a promising rejuvenating biomacromolecule in the treatments of bone related diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1264-1275. [PMID: 33039536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a multifunctional high molecular weight polysaccharide produced by synoviocytes, fibroblasts, and chondrocytes, and is naturally found in many tissues and fluids, and more abundantly in articular cartilage and synovial fluid. Naturally occurring HA is thought to participate in many biological processes, such as regulation of cell adhesion and cell motility, manipulation of cell differentiation and proliferation, and providing mechanical properties to tissues (Girish and Kemparaju, 2007). Due to its excellent physicochemical properties such as high viscosity, elasticity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and nonimmunogenicity, HA based formulations have a wide range of applications and serves as a promising rejuvenating biomacromolecule in biomedical applications. In recent decades, HA is currently a popular topic, and has been widely used in bone related diseases for its remarkable efficacy in articular cartilage lubrication, analgesia, anti-inflammation, immunomodulatory, chondroprotection, anti-cancer and etc. Moreover, the safety and tolerability of HA based formulations have also been well-documented for treatment of various types of bone related diseases (Chen et al., 2018). This review gives a deep understanding on the special benefits and provides a mechanism-based rationale for the use of HA in bone related diseases conditions with special reference to osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), bone metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Wen Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Youwen Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yurong Song
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Guangzhi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zhiqian Song
- Institution of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- Institution of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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106
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Al-Othman N, Alhendi A, Ihbaisha M, Barahmeh M, Alqaraleh M, Al-Momany BZ. Role of CD44 in breast cancer. Breast Dis 2020; 39:1-13. [PMID: 31839599 DOI: 10.3233/bd-190409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is among the most prevalent type of malignancy affecting females worldwide. BC is classified into different types according to the status of the expression of receptors such as estrogen receptor (ER), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and progesterone receptor (PR). Androgen receptor (AR) appears to be a promising therapeutic target of BC. Binding of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to AR controls the expression of microRNA (miRNA) molecules in BC, consequently, affecting protein expression. One of these proteins is the transmembrane glycoprotein cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44). Remarkably, CD44 is a common marker of cancer stem cells in BC. It functions as a co-receptor for a broad diversity of extracellular matrix ligands. Several ligands, primarily hyaluronic acid (HA), can interact with CD44 and mediate its functions. CD44 promotes a variety of functions independently or in cooperation with other cell-surface receptors through activation of varied signaling pathways like Rho GTPases, Ras-MAPK, and PI3K/AKT pathways to regulate cell adhesion, migration, survival, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In this review, we present the relations between AR, miRNA, and CD44 and their roles in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihad Al-Othman
- Division of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ala' Alhendi
- Division of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Manal Ihbaisha
- Division of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Myassar Barahmeh
- Division of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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107
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Rao N, Rho JG, Um W, EK PK, Nguyen VQ, Oh BH, Kim W, Park JH. Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles as Nanomedicine for Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E931. [PMID: 33003609 PMCID: PMC7600604 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their unique biological functions, hyaluronic acid (HA) and its derivatives have been explored extensively for biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, and molecular imaging. In particular, self-assembled HA nanoparticles (HA-NPs) have been used widely as target-specific and long-acting nanocarriers for the delivery of a wide range of therapeutic or diagnostic agents. Recently, it has been demonstrated that empty HA-NPs without bearing any therapeutic agent can be used therapeutically for the treatment of inflammatory diseases via modulating inflammatory responses. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the significant achievements in this field and highlight the potential of HA-NPs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.Vijayakameswara Rao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (N.V.R.); (W.U.); (P.K.E.); (V.Q.N.); (B.H.O.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jun Gi Rho
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Wooram Um
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (N.V.R.); (W.U.); (P.K.E.); (V.Q.N.); (B.H.O.)
| | - Pramod Kumar EK
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (N.V.R.); (W.U.); (P.K.E.); (V.Q.N.); (B.H.O.)
| | - Van Quy Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (N.V.R.); (W.U.); (P.K.E.); (V.Q.N.); (B.H.O.)
| | - Byeong Hoon Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (N.V.R.); (W.U.); (P.K.E.); (V.Q.N.); (B.H.O.)
| | - Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (N.V.R.); (W.U.); (P.K.E.); (V.Q.N.); (B.H.O.)
- Department Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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108
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Matsushita K, Toyoda T, Yamada T, Morikawa T, Ogawa K. Specific expression of survivin, SOX9, and CD44 in renal tubules in adaptive and maladaptive repair processes after acute kidney injury in rats. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:607-617. [PMID: 32969066 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is thought to be a reversible condition; however, growing evidence has suggested that AKI may be associated with subsequent development of chronic kidney disease. Although renal tubules have intrinsic regeneration capacity, disruption of the regeneration mechanisms leads to irreversible interstitial fibrosis. In this study, we investigated immunohistochemical markers of renal tubules in adaptive and maladaptive repair processes to predict AKI reversibility. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that regenerative tubules and dilated tubules were observed in the kidneys of AKI model rats after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Regenerative tubules gradually redifferentiated after I/R, whereas dilated tubules exhibited no tendency for redifferentiation. In fibrotic areas of the kidney in renal fibrosis model rats subjected to I/R, renal tubules were dilated or atrophied. There results suggested that the histopathological features of renal tubules in the maladaptive repair were dilation or atrophy. From microarray data of regenerative tubules, survivin, SOX9, and CD44 were extracted as candidate markers. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that survivin and SOX9 were expressed in regenerative tubules, whereas SOX9 was also detected in renal tubules in fibrotic areas. These findings indicated that survivin and SOX9 contributed to renal tubular regeneration, whereas sustained SOX9 expression may be associated to fibrosis. CD44 was expressed in dilated tubules in the kidneys of AKI model rats and in the tubules of fibrotic areas of renal fibrosis model rats, suggesting that CD44 was expressed in renal tubules in maladaptive repair. Thus, these factors could be useful markers for detecting disruption of the regenerative mechanisms of renal tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Matsushita
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Toyoda
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takanori Yamada
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Morikawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ogawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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109
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Marine Fungus Aspergillus chevalieri TM2-S6 Extract Protects Skin Fibroblasts from Oxidative Stress. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18090460. [PMID: 32911774 PMCID: PMC7551392 DOI: 10.3390/md18090460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The strain Aspergillus chevalieri TM2-S6 was isolated from the sponge Axinella and identified according to internal transcribed spacer (ITS) molecular sequence homology with Aspergillus species from the section Restricti. The strain was cultivated 9 days on potato dextrose broth (PDB), and the medium evaluated as antioxidant on primary normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). The cultivation broth was submitted to sterile filtration, lyophilized and used without any further processing to give the Aspergillus chevalieri TM2-S6 cultivation broth ingredient named ACBB. ACCB contains two main compounds: tetrahydroauroglaucin and flavoglaucin. Under oxidative stress, ACCB showed a significant promotion of cell viability. To elucidate the mechanism of action, the impact on a panel of hundreds of genes involved in fibroblast physiology was evaluated. Thus, ACCB stimulates cell proliferation (VEGFA, TGFB3), antioxidant response (GPX1, SOD1, NRF2), and extracellular matrix organization (COL1A1, COL3A1, CD44, MMP14). ACCD also reduced aging (SIRT1, SIRT2, FOXO3). These findings indicate that Aspergillus chevalieri TM2-S6 cultivation broth exhibits significant in vitro skin protection of human fibroblasts under oxidative stress, making it a potential cosmetic ingredient.
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110
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Huth S, Huth L, Marquardt Y, Fietkau K, Dahl E, Esser PR, Martin SF, Heise R, Merk HF, Baron JM. Inter-α-Trypsin Inhibitor Heavy Chain 5 (ITIH5) Is a Natural Stabilizer of Hyaluronan That Modulates Biological Processes in the Skin. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 33:198-206. [PMID: 32799206 DOI: 10.1159/000509371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyaluronan (HA) is a major component of the skin that exerts a variety of biological functions. Inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain (ITIH) proteins comprise a family of hyaladherins of which ITIH5 has recently been described in skin, where it plays a functional role in skin morphology and inflammatory skin diseases including allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). OBJECTIVE The current study focused on the ITIH5-HA interaction and its potential clinical and functional impact in extracellular matrix (ECM) stabilization. METHODS Studying the molecular effects of ITIH5 in skin, we established skin models comprising murine skin cells of Itih5 knockout mice and corresponding wild-type controls. In addition, human dermal fibroblasts with an ITIH5 knockdown as well as a murine recombinant Itih5 protein were established to examine the interaction between ITIH5 and HA using in vitro adhesion and HA degradation assays. To understand more precisely the role of ITIH5 in inflammatory skin diseases such as ACD, we generated ITIH5 knockout cells of the KeratinoSens® cell line. RESULTS Using murine skin models, ITIH5 knockdown fibroblasts, and a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated HA degradation assay, we proved that ITIH5 binds to HA, thereby acting as a stabilizer of HA. Moreover, microarray profiling revealed the impact of ITIH5 on biological processes such as skin development and ECM homeostasis. Performing the in vitro KeratinoSens skin sensitization assay, we detected that ITIH5 decreases the sensitizing potential of moderate and strong contact sensitizers. CONCLUSION Taken together, our experiments revealed that ITIH5 forms complexes with HA, thereby on the one hand stabilizing HA and facilitating the formation of ECM structures and on the other hand modulating inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Huth
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,
| | - Laura Huth
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Marquardt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Fietkau
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Edgar Dahl
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp R Esser
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan F Martin
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Heise
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans F Merk
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jens Malte Baron
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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111
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DiStefano TJ, Shmukler JO, Danias G, Di Pauli von Treuheim T, Hom WW, Goldberg DA, Laudier DM, Nasser PR, Hecht AC, Nicoll SB, Iatridis JC. Development of a two-part biomaterial adhesive strategy for annulus fibrosus repair and ex vivo evaluation of implant herniation risk. Biomaterials 2020; 258:120309. [PMID: 32823020 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation causes pain and disability, but current discectomy procedures alleviate pain without repairing annulus fibrosus (AF) defects. Tissue engineering strategies seal AF defects by utilizing hydrogel systems to prevent recurrent herniation, however current biomaterials are limited by poor adhesion to wetted tissue surfaces or low failure strength resulting in considerable risk of implant herniation upon spinal loading. Here, we developed a two-part repair strategy comprising a dual-modified (oxidized and methacrylated) glycosaminoglycan that can chemically adsorb an injectable interpenetrating network hydrogel composed of fibronectin-conjugated fibrin and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) to covalently bond the hydrogel to AF tissue. We show that dual-modified hyaluronic acid imparts greater adhesion to AF tissue than dual-modified chondroitin sulfate, where the degree of oxidation is more strongly correlated with adhesion strength than methacrylation. We apply this strategy to an ex vivo bovine model of discectomy and demonstrate that PEGDA molecular weight tunes hydrogel mechanical properties and affects herniation risk, where IVDs repaired with low-modulus hydrogels composed of 20kDa PEGDA failed at levels at or exceeding discectomy, the clinical standard of care. This strategy bonds injectable hydrogels to IVD extracellular matrix proteins, is optimized to seal AF defects, and shows promise for IVD repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J DiStefano
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer O Shmukler
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - George Danias
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Warren W Hom
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David A Goldberg
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Damien M Laudier
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip R Nasser
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew C Hecht
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven B Nicoll
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - James C Iatridis
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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112
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Immunomodulatory Activities of Selected Essential Oils. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081139. [PMID: 32756359 PMCID: PMC7464830 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the application of herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of diseases has gained increasing attention. Essential oils (EOs) are generally known to exert various pharmacological effects, such as antiallergic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Current literature involving in vitro and in vivo studies indicates the potential of various herbal essential oils as suitable immunomodulators for the alternative treatment of infectious or immune diseases. This review highlights the cellular effects induced by EOs, as well as the molecular impacts of EOs on cytokines, immunoglobulins, or regulatory pathways. The results reviewed in this article revealed a significant reduction in relevant proinflammatory cytokines, as well as induction of anti-inflammatory markers. Remarkably, very little clinical study data involving the immunomodulatory effects of EOs are available. Furthermore, several studies led to contradictory results, emphasizing the need for a multiapproach system to better characterize EOs. While immunomodulatory effects were reported, the toxic potential of EOs must be clearly considered in order to secure future applications.
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113
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Quagliariello V, Vecchione R, De Capua A, Lagreca E, Iaffaioli RV, Botti G, Netti PA, Maurea N. Nano-Encapsulation of Coenzyme Q10 in Secondary and Tertiary Nano-Emulsions for Enhanced Cardioprotection and Hepatoprotection in Human Cardiomyocytes and Hepatocytes During Exposure to Anthracyclines and Trastuzumab. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4859-4876. [PMID: 32764923 PMCID: PMC7359894 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s245170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction CoenzymeQ10 (CoQ10) is a well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent with cardioprotective properties. However, clinical trials based on its oral administration have failed to provide significant effect on cardiac functionality. The main limitation of CoQ10 is based on its very low oral bioavailability and instability that limit dramatically its effects as a cardioprotective agent. Herein, we loaded CoQ10 in high bioavailable nano-emulsions (NEs) coated with chitosan or chitosan and hyaluronic acid in order to improve its performance. Methods We tested cardioprotective and hepatoprotective effects of CoQ10-loaded nano-carriers against Doxorubicin and Trastuzumab toxicities in cardiomyocytes and liver cells through analysis of cell viability, lipid peroxidation, expression of leukotrienes, p65/NF-kB and pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in anticancer-induced cardio and hepatotoxicity. Results Nano-carriers showed high stability and loading ability and increased cell viability both in hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes during anticancer treatments. We observed that these effects are mediated by the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and reduction of the inflammation. CoQ10-loaded nano-emulsions showed also strong anti-inflammatory effects reducing leukotriene B4 and p65/NF-κB expression and Interleukin 1β and 6 production during anticancer treatments. Discussion Anthracyclines and Human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) inhibitors have shown significant anticancer effects in clinical practice but their use is characterized by cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Nano-carriers loaded with CoQ10 showed cardio and hepatoprotective properties mediated by reduction of oxidative damages and pro-inflammatory mediators. These results set the stage for preclinical studies of cardio and hepatoprotection in HER2+ breast cancer-bearing mice treated with Doxorubicin and Trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Quagliariello
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italia
| | - Raffaele Vecchione
- Center for Advanced Biomaterial for Health Care (CABHC), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberta De Capua
- Center for Advanced Biomaterial for Health Care (CABHC), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Lagreca
- Center for Advanced Biomaterial for Health Care (CABHC), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gerardo Botti
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italia
| | - Paolo A Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterial for Health Care (CABHC), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Maurea
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italia
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Nash RJ, Bartholomew B, Penkova YB, Rotondo D, Yamasaka F, Stafford GP, Jenkinson SF, Fleet GWJ. Iminosugar idoBR1 Isolated from Cucumber Cucumis sativus Reduces Inflammatory Activity. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:16263-16271. [PMID: 32656449 PMCID: PMC7346245 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cucumbers have been anecdotally claimed to have anti-inflammatory activity for a long time, but the active principle was not identified. idoBR1, (2R,3R,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid, is an iminosugar amino acid isolated from fruits of certain cucumbers, Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae). It has no chromophore and analytically behaves like an amino acid making detection and identification difficult. It has anti-inflammatory activity reducing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in THP-1 cells and ex vivo human blood. It showed selective inhibition of human α-l-iduronidase and sialidases from both bacteria (Tannerella forsythia) and human THP-1 cells. idoBR1 and cucumber extract reduced the binding of hyaluronic acid (HA) to CD44 in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells and may function as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting induced sialidase involved in the production of functionally active HA adhesive CD44. Similar to the related iminosugars, idoBR1 is excreted unchanged in urine following consumption. Its importance in the diet should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Nash
- PhytoQuest
Limited, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB, U.K.
- . Phone: +44 1970 823200. Fax: +44 1970 823209
| | | | - Yana B. Penkova
- PhytoQuest
Limited, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB, U.K.
| | - Dino Rotondo
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K.
| | - Fernanda Yamasaka
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K.
| | - Graham P. Stafford
- Integrated
BioSciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, U.K.
| | - Sarah F. Jenkinson
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - George W. J. Fleet
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
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Guan L, Zhang L, Xue Y, Yang J, Zhao Z. Molecular pathogenesis of the hyaluronic acid capsule of Pasteurella multocida. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104380. [PMID: 32645423 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida possesses a viscous capsule polysaccharide on the cell surface, which is a critical structural component and virulence factor. Capsular polysaccharides are structurally similar to vertebrate glycosaminoglycans, providing an immunological mechanism for bacterial molecular mimicry, resistance to phagocytosis, and immune evasion during the infection process. Based on the capsular antigen, P. multocida is divided into A, B, D, E, and F five serogroups. Previously, we systematically reported the biosynthesis and regulation mechanisms of the P. multocida capsule. In this paper, we take serogroup A capsular polysaccharide as the representative, systematically illuminating the P. multocida capsular virulence and epidemiology, molecular camouflage, adhesion and colonization, anti-phagocytosis, anti-complement system, cell invasion and signal transduction mechanism, to provide a theoretical basis for the research of molecular pathogenic mechanism of P. multocida capsule and the development of polysaccharides vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Guan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biologics Engineering, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China; Key-Disciplines Lab of Safety of Environment and Animal Product, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Yun Xue
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biologics Engineering, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China; Key-Disciplines Lab of Safety of Environment and Animal Product, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Jinqian Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biologics Engineering, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China; Key-Disciplines Lab of Safety of Environment and Animal Product, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Zhanqin Zhao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biologics Engineering, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China; Key-Disciplines Lab of Safety of Environment and Animal Product, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
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116
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Lokeshwar VB, Morera DS, Hasanali SL, Yates TJ, Hupe MC, Knapp J, Lokeshwar SD, Wang J, Hennig MJP, Baskar R, Escudero DO, Racine RR, Dhir N, Jordan AR, Hoye K, Azih I, Manoharan M, Klaassen Z, Kavuri S, Lopez LE, Ghosh S, Lokeshwar BL. A Novel Splice Variant of HYAL-4 Drives Malignant Transformation and Predicts Outcome in Patients with Bladder Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3455-3467. [PMID: 32094233 PMCID: PMC7334064 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Poor prognosis of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer that often metastasizes drives the need for discovery of molecular determinants of bladder cancer progression. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, including CD44, regulate cancer progression; however, the identity of a chondroitinase (Chase) that cleaves chondroitin sulfate from proteoglycans is unknown. HYAL-4 is an understudied gene suspected to encode a Chase, with no known biological function. We evaluated HYAL-4 expression and its role in bladder cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In clinical specimens, HYAL-4 wild-type (Wt) and V1 expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR, IHC, and/or immunoblotting; a novel assay measured Chase activity. Wt and V1 were stably expressed or silenced in normal urothelial and three bladder cancer cell lines. Transfectants were analyzed for stem cell phenotype, invasive signature and tumorigenesis, and metastasis in four xenograft models, including orthotopic bladder. RESULTS HYAL-4 expression, specifically a novel splice variant (V1), was elevated in bladder tumors; Wt expression was barely detectable. V1 encoded a truncated 349 amino acid protein that was secreted. In bladder cancer tissues, V1 levels associated with metastasis and cancer-specific survival with high efficacy and encoded Chase activity. V1 cleaved chondroitin-6-sulfate from CD44, increasing CD44 secretion. V1 induced stem cell phenotype, motility/invasion, and an invasive signature. CD44 knockdown abrogated these phenotypes. V1-expressing urothelial cells developed angiogenic, muscle-invasive tumors. V1-expressing bladder cancer cells formed tumors at low density and formed metastatic bladder tumors when implanted orthotopically. CONCLUSIONS Our study discovered the first naturally-occurring eukaryotic/human Chase and connected it to disease pathology, specifically cancer. V1-Chase is a driver of malignant bladder cancer and potential predictor of outcome in patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinata B Lokeshwar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.
| | - Daley S Morera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sarrah L Hasanali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Travis J Yates
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Marie C Hupe
- Department of Urology, University-Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Judith Knapp
- Department of Urology, University-Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Soum D Lokeshwar
- Honors Program in Medical Education, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Martin J P Hennig
- Department of Urology, University-Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Rohitha Baskar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Diogo O Escudero
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ronny R Racine
- Department of Urology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Neetika Dhir
- Department of Urology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Andre R Jordan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Kelly Hoye
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ijeoma Azih
- Clinical Trials Office, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Murugesan Manoharan
- Division of Urologic Oncology Surgery, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida
| | - Zachary Klaassen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sravan Kavuri
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Luis E Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Santu Ghosh
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Bal L Lokeshwar
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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van Setten GB. Impact of Attrition, Intercellular Shear in Dry Eye Disease: When Cells are Challenged and Neurons are Triggered. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4333. [PMID: 32570730 PMCID: PMC7352662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical component in the pathophysiology of dry eye disease (DED) deserves attention as an important factor. The lubrication deficit induced impaired mechano-transduction of lid pressure to the ocular surfaces may lead to the dysregulation of homeostasis in the epithelium, with sensations of pain and secondary inflammation. Ocular pain is possibly the first sign of attrition and may occur in the absence of visible epithelial damage. Attrition is a process which involves the constant or repeated challenge of ocular surface tissues by mechanical shear forces; it is enhanced by the thinning of corneal epithelium in severe DED. As a highly dynamic process leading to pain and neurogenic inflammation, the identification of the impact of attrition and its potential pathogenic role could add a new perspective to the current more tear film-oriented models of ocular surface disease. Treatment of DED addressing lubrication deficiencies and inflammation should also consider the decrease of attrition in order to stimulate epithelial recovery and neural regeneration. The importance of hyaluronic acid, its molecular characteristics, the extracellular matrix and autoregulative mechanisms in this process is outlined. The identification of the attrition and recognition of its impact in dry eye pathophysiology could contribute to a better understanding of the disease and optimized treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gysbert-Botho van Setten
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Karolinska Institutet, 11282 Stockholm, Sweden; ; Tel.: +46-8-672-3298
- St Eriks Eye Hospital, 11282 Stockholm, Sweden
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118
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Slama P, Kabourkova E, Sladek Z, Zavadilova T, Kratochvilova L, Kharkevich K, Roychoudhury S, Pavlik A, Roztocilova A, Uhrincat M, Tancin V, Kimura K, Konecny R, Kiku Y, Watanabe A, Kwak JY, Zouharova M. Effect of Lipopolysaccharide and Muramyl Dipeptide on Apoptosis of Bovine Mammary Gland Lymphocytes. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10060990. [PMID: 32517153 PMCID: PMC7341217 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Inflammation of the mammary gland in dairy cattle is a global problem and causes huge financial loss to dairy farmers. Inflammation is caused by many species of bacteria penetrating through the teat canals into the udder. Those bacteria are usually eliminated by treatment with intramammary injection of antibiotics, while they are also eliminated by the immune cells of the cow. One of the immune cells are lymphocytes which are responsible for specific immunity. When viable, they are able to carry out their normal functions. The present study focused on the investigation of cell death of lymphocytes during bovine mammary gland inflammation. We analyzed apoptosis in mammary gland lymphocytes under the stimulation of lipopolysaccharides and muramyl dipeptide as the endotoxin of Gram-negative bacteria and the natural content of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. We found that they induce lymphocyte apoptosis in the early phase of inflammation, which can be associated with the expression of CD44 receptors on lymphocytes. This receptor is important in many physiological processes, including apoptosis of cells. For a better understanding of immune responses in mammary glands and for developing of immunotherapy without antibiotics, the process of inflammation, including cell death of immune cells necessitates further holistic studies. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate whether apoptosis of lymphocytes is modulated by stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli or muramyl dipeptide (MDP). Cell populations were obtained by lavaging of the mammary glands 24, 48, 72, and 168 h following intramammary induced inflammation. The portion of apoptotic lymphocytes peaked at 48 h after treatment with LPS or MDP. The analysis of CD44 expression of the same cell populations showed a higher percentage of CD44-positive lymphocytes 24- and 48-h following induction of inflammation by LPS or MDP. The results demonstrate that during both experimental infection of bovine mammary glands with LPS or MDP, apoptosis of lymphocytes was induced in the initial phase of the inflammatory response and CD44 was also overexpressed at the beginning of inflammation. These data suggest a connection of lymphocyte apoptosis with the expression of CD44 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eliska Kabourkova
- Department of Animal Origin Food and Gastronomic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Zbysek Sladek
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Terezie Zavadilova
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Lucie Kratochvilova
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Kristina Kharkevich
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Shubhadeep Roychoudhury
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788 011, India
| | - Ales Pavlik
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Roztocilova
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Michal Uhrincat
- NPPC-Research Institute for Animal Production, Hlohovecka 2, 951 41 Luzianky, Slovakia; (M.U.); (V.T.)
| | - Vladimir Tancin
- NPPC-Research Institute for Animal Production, Hlohovecka 2, 951 41 Luzianky, Slovakia; (M.U.); (V.T.)
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Kazuhiro Kimura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan;
| | - Roman Konecny
- Department of Animal Husbandry Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Studentska 1668, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Yoshio Kiku
- Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-0045, Japan; (Y.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-0045, Japan; (Y.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Jong-Young Kwak
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Monika Zouharova
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
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Kale NR, Dutta D, Carstens W, Mallik S, Quadir M. Functional Applications of Polyarginine-Hyaluronic Acid-Based Electrostatic Complexes. Bioelectricity 2020; 2:158-166. [PMID: 32856018 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2020.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Electrostatic complexes of poly (l-Arginine) (pArg) and hyaluronic acid (HA) have been investigated for their functional applications to supply free or polymeric form of l-Arginine (Arg) to target cells. As a vital amino acid, Arg plays significant role in multitude of pathophysiological processes ranging from wound healing to cancer. However, serum arginase expression and toxicity of Arg at cellular level renders exogenous delivery of this amino acid a challenging task. We showed that polyarginine-hyaluronic acid ionic nanocomplexes (pArg-HA iNCs) could be an effective way to deliver Arg to target cell populations. Materials and Methods: These electrostatic complexes were prepared by mixing HA (average m.w. of 200 kDa) with pArg (m.w. 5-15 kDa; Sigma) in aqueous solutions and purifying over glycerol. Nanocomplexes were characterized for their particle size, surface charge, capacity to release l-Arg, and intracellular uptake of complexes. Results: Synthesized nanocomplexes showed hydrodynamic diameter ranging from 140-306 nm depending on the content of pArg or HA within the formulation. With surface charge (ζ-potential) of -29 mV, the nanocomplexes showed pH-dependent release of Arg. At pH 7.4, pArg-HA iNCs released 30% of the total Arg-content, while at pH 5.0, 60% of Arg was released after 24 h. These electrostatically stabilized complexes were found to promote growth of human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) in wound-healing assay and increased nitric oxide (NO) activity in these cells in a time-dependent manner. Nanocomplexes also showed cellular uptake and enhanced dose-dependent toxicity against two pancreatic cancer cell lines, i.e. MIA PaCa-2 and Panc-1. Interestingly, the cytotoxic effect was synergized upon pre-treatment of the cells with a frontline chemotherapeutic agent, gemcitabine (GEM), and was not observed when the cells were treated with Arg alone. Conclusion: As such, this communication shows the prospect of pArg-HA iNC electrostatic nanocomplexes to interact and interfere with intracellular Arg metabolic machinery conducive to rescuing different pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra R Kale
- School of Pharmacy, Maharashtra Institute of Technology-WPU, School of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Debasmita Dutta
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - William Carstens
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Mohiuddin Quadir
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
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Walsh SK, Schneider SE, Amundson LA, Neu CP, Henak CR. Maturity-dependent cartilage cell plasticity and sensitivity to external perturbation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 106:103732. [PMID: 32321631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Articular cartilage undergoes biological and morphological changes throughout maturation. The prevalence of osteoarthritis in the aged population suggests that maturation predisposes cartilage to degradation and/or impaired regeneration, but this process is not fully understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the cellular and genetic profile of cartilage, as well as biological plasticity in response to mechanical and culture time stimuli, as a function of animal maturity. METHODS/DESIGN Porcine articular cartilage explants were harvested from stifle joints of immature (2-4 weeks), adolescent (5-6 months), and mature (1-5 years) animals. Half of all samples were subjected to a single compressive mechanical load. Loaded samples were paired with unloaded controls for downstream analyses. Expression of cartilage progenitor cell markers CD105, CD44, and CD29 were determined via flow cytometry. Expression of matrix synthesis genes Col1, Col2, Col10, ACAN, and SOX9 were determined via qPCR. Tissue morphology and matrix content were examined histologically. Post-loading assays were performed immediately and following 7 days in culture. RESULTS CD105 and CD29 expression decreased with maturity, while CD44 expression was upregulated in cartilage from mature animals. Expression of matrix synthesis genes were generally upregulated in cartilage from mature animals, and adolescent animals showed the lowest expression of several matrix synthesizing genes. Culture time and mechanical loading analyses revealed greater plasticity to mechanical loading and culture time in cartilage from younger animals. Histology confirmed distinct structural and biochemical profiles across maturity. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates differential, nonlinear expression of chondroprogenitor markers and matrix synthesis genes as a function of cartilage maturity, as well as loss of biological plasticity in aged tissue. These findings have likely implications for age-related loss of regeneration and osteoarthritis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon K Walsh
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Stephanie E Schneider
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Laura A Amundson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Corey P Neu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Corinne R Henak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Ried K, Tamanna T, Matthews S, Eng P, Sali A. New Screening Test Improves Detection of Prostate Cancer Using Circulating Tumor Cells and Prostate-Specific Markers. Front Oncol 2020; 10:582. [PMID: 32391268 PMCID: PMC7192049 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current screening-test for prostate cancer, affecting 10% of men worldwide, has a high false negative rate and a low true positive rate. A more reliable screening test is needed. Circulating-Tumor-Cells (CTC) provide a biomarker for early carcinogenesis, cancer progression and treatment effectiveness. The cytology-based ISET®-CTC Test is a clinically validated blood test with high sensitivity and specificity. This study aimed to evaluate the ISET®-CTC test combined with prostate-specific-marker staining as a screening test for the detection of prostate cancer. We selected a group of 47 men from our ongoing CTC screening study involving 2,000 patient-tests from Sep-2014 to July-2019, who also underwent standard diagnostic cancer testing before or after CTC testing. While 20 of the 47 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer before the ISET®-CTC test, 27 men underwent screening. We studied the CTC identified in 45 CTC-positive men by Immuno-Cyto-Chemistry (ICC) assays with the prostate-specific-marker PSA. CTC were ICC-PSA-marker positive in all men diagnosed with primary prostate cancer (n = 20). Secondary cancers were detected in 63% (n = 7/11) of men with mixed CTC-population (ICC-PSA-positive/ICC-PSA-negative). Of the 27 men screened, 25 had CTC, and 84% of those (n = 20) were positive for the prostate-specific-PSA-marker. Follow-up testing suggested suspected prostate cancer in 20/20 men by a positive PSMA-PET scan, and biopsies performed in 45% (n = 9/20) men confirmed the diagnosis of early prostate cancer. Kidney cancer or B-cell lymphoma were detected in two men with ICC-PSA-marker negative CTC. Our study suggests that the combination of ISET®-CTC and ICC-PSA-marker-testing has an estimated positive-predictive-value (PPV) of 99% and a negative-predictive-value (NPV) of 97%, providing a more reliable screening test for prostate cancer than the standard PSA-blood-test (PPV = 25%; NPV = 15.5%). Our findings warrant further studies to evaluate the new test's potential for prostate cancer screening on a population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Ried
- National Institute of Integrative Medicine (NIIM), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Health, Torrens University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Discipline of General Practice, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tasnuva Tamanna
- National Institute of Integrative Medicine (NIIM), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sonja Matthews
- National Institute of Integrative Medicine (NIIM), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Eng
- National Institute of Integrative Medicine (NIIM), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Avni Sali
- National Institute of Integrative Medicine (NIIM), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Letsiou S, Bakea A, Le Goff G, Lopes P, Gardikis Κ, Alonso C, Álvarez PA, Ouazzani J. In vitro protective effects of marine-derived Aspergillus puulaauensis TM124-S4 extract on H 2O 2-stressed primary human fibroblasts. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 66:104869. [PMID: 32320759 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a huge interest in natural products obtained from marine organisms that can promote human health.The aim of the present study is to evaluate for the first time, the in vitro effects of marine Aspergillus puulaauensis TM124-S4 extract against oxidative stress in human fibroblasts, and its potential as a cosmetic ingredient. The strain was isolated from the Mediterranean Sea star, Echinaster sepositus, and identified according to ITS molecular sequence homology as a member of Aspergillus section versicolores.To gain insight on the bioactivity underpinning the effects of TM124-S4 extract on oxidative stress, we examined a panel of a hundred genes as well as cell viability. Initially, Aspergillus puulaauensis TM124-S4 promoted cell viability.The change in gene transcripts revealed that Aspergillus puulaauensis TM124-S4 extracts exhibited skin protection properties by mediating cell proliferation (EPS8, GDF15, CASP7, VEGFA), antioxidant response (CAT, SOD1, TXN, GPX1), skin hydration (CD44, CRABP2, SERPINE) and DNA repair (PCNA, P21). The extract also modulated the expression of genes involved in skin pigmentation and aging (TYR, FOXO3).These findings indicate that Aspergillus puulaauensis TM124-S4 extract possesses significant in-vitro skin protection activity against induced oxidative stress.Furthermore, new insights are provided into the beneficial role of fungal bioactive compounds in skin related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Letsiou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Research and Development department, APIVITA S.A., Industrial Park of Markopoulo Mesogaias, 19003 Markopoulo Attiki, Athens, Greece.
| | - Artemis Bakea
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Research and Development department, APIVITA S.A., Industrial Park of Markopoulo Mesogaias, 19003 Markopoulo Attiki, Athens, Greece
| | - Géraldine Le Goff
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Lopes
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Κonstantinos Gardikis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Research and Development department, APIVITA S.A., Industrial Park of Markopoulo Mesogaias, 19003 Markopoulo Attiki, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Jamal Ouazzani
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Quaglino D, Boraldi F, Lofaro FD. The biology of vascular calcification. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 354:261-353. [PMID: 32475476 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC), characterized by different mineral deposits (i.e., carbonate apatite, whitlockite and hydroxyapatite) accumulating in blood vessels and valves, represents a relevant pathological process for the aging population and a life-threatening complication in acquired and in genetic diseases. Similarly to bone remodeling, VC is an actively regulated process in which many cells and molecules play a pivotal role. This review aims at: (i) describing the role of resident and circulating cells, of the extracellular environment and of positive and negative factors in driving the mineralization process; (ii) detailing the types of VC (i.e., intimal, medial and cardiac valve calcification); (iii) analyzing rare genetic diseases underlining the importance of altered pyrophosphate-dependent regulatory mechanisms; (iv) providing therapeutic options and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Duan Y, Li K, Wang H, Wu T, Zhao Y, Li H, Tang H, Yang W. Preparation and evaluation of curcumin grafted hyaluronic acid modified pullulan polymers as a functional wound dressing material. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 238:116195. [PMID: 32299553 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin grafted hyaluronic acid modified pullulan polymers (Cur-HA-SPu) by chemical conjugation was designed and prepared, and its film may be used to accelerate wound healing and help to fight infection. The synthesis of Cur-HA-SPu polymer was characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and DSC. Cur-HA-SPu film has a higher swelling ratio than that of HA-SPu film. Moreover, the good biocompatibility of Cur-HA-SPu polymer was confirmed by skin irritation, cytotoxicity and hemolysis tests. Compared to Cur, the MTT and proliferation test carried out in L929 cells revealed that Cur-HA-SPu polymer showed no cytotoxicity and enhanced cell proliferation. Cur-HA-SPu polymer exhibited a certain bactericidal activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Furthermore, the materials showed antioxidant activity when DPPH method determined. Wound healing study using wistar rat model demonstrated that Cur-HA-SPu film obtained better wound healing result than that of HA-SPu film or natural healing. The above results suggest that Cur-HA-SPu film is a promising and safety formulation for accelerating skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Duan
- College of Pharmacy & Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China
| | - Kaiyue Li
- College of Pharmacy & Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China
| | - Huangwei Wang
- College of Pharmacy & Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China
| | - Tong Wu
- College of Pharmacy & Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China
| | - Yafei Zhao
- College of Pharmacy & Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China
| | - Haiying Li
- College of Pharmacy & Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China.
| | - Hongbo Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, PR China.
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- College of Pharmacy & Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China.
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The Cancer Stem Cell in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030684. [PMID: 32183251 PMCID: PMC7140091 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition of intra-tumoral cellular heterogeneity has given way to the concept of the cancer stem cell (CSC). According to this concept, CSCs are able to self-renew and differentiate into all of the cancer cell lineages present within the tumor, placing the CSC at the top of a hierarchical tree. The observation that these cells—in contrast to bulk tumor cells—are able to exclusively initiate new tumors, initiate metastatic spread and resist chemotherapy implies that CSCs are solely responsible for tumor recurrence and should be therapeutically targeted. Toward this end, dissecting and understanding the biology of CSCs should translate into new clinical therapeutic approaches. In this article, we review the CSC concept in cancer, with a special focus on hepatocellular carcinoma.
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On-Chip Synthesis of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Nanoparticles for Selective Inhibition of CD44+ Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030260. [PMID: 32183027 PMCID: PMC7151101 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an innovative microfluidics-based method was developed for one-step synthesis of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based nanoparticles (NPs), by exploiting polyelectrolytic interactions between HA and chitosan (CS), in order to improve reliability, reproducibility and possible scale-up of the NPs preparation. The on-chip synthesis, using a staggered herringbone micromixer, allowed to produce HA/CS NPs with tailored-made size and suitable for both parenteral (117.50 ± 4.51 nm) and loco-regional (349.15 ± 38.09 nm) administration, mainly composed by HA (more than 85% wt) with high negative surface charge (< −20 mV). HA/CS NPs were successfully loaded with a challenging water-insoluble molecule, Everolimus (EVE), an FDA- and EMA-approved anticancer drug able to lead to cell cycle arrest, reduced angiogenesis and promotion of apoptosis. HA/CS NPs resulted to be massively internalized in CD44+ human mesenchymal stem cells via CD44 receptor-mediated endocytosis. HA/CS NPs selectiveness towards CD44 was highlighted by blocking CD44 receptor by anti-CD44 primary antibody and by comparison to CS-based NPs cellular uptake. Eventually, high effectiveness in inhibiting cell proliferation was demonstrated on-chip synthetized EVE loaded HA/CS NPs by tracking in vitro DNA synthesis.
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127
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Jang HY, Lim SM, Lee HJ, Hong JS, Kim GJ. Identification of microRNAs and their target genes in the placenta as biomarkers of inflammation. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2020; 47:42-53. [PMID: 32146774 PMCID: PMC7127901 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2019.03013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, microRNA (miRNA) has been identified both as a powerful regulator involved in various biological processes through the regulation of numerous genes and as an effective biomarker for the prediction and diagnosis of various disease states. The objective of this study was to identify and validate miRNAs and their target genes involved in inflammation in placental tissue. METHODS Microarrays were utilized to obtain miRNA and gene expression profiles from placentas with or without inflammation obtained from nine normal pregnant women and 10 preterm labor patients. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blots were performed to validate the miRNAs and differentially-expressed genes in the placentas with inflammation. Correlations between miRNA and target gene expression were confirmed by luciferase assays in HTR-8/SVneo cells. RESULTS We identified and validated miRNAs and their target genes that were differentially expressed in placentas with inflammation. We also demonstrated that several miRNAs (miR-371a-5p, miR-3065-3p, miR-519b-3p, and miR-373-3p) directly targeted their target genes (LEF1, LOX, ITGB4, and CD44). However, some miRNAs and their direct target genes showed no correlation in tissue samples. Interestingly, miR-373-3p and miR-3065-3p were markedly regulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, although the expression of their direct targets CD44 and LOX was not altered by LPS treatment. CONCLUSION These results provide candidate miRNAs and their target genes that could be used as placental biomarkers of inflammation. These candidates may be useful for further miRNA-based biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Yeon Jang
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seung Mook Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, CHA Advanced Research Institute, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Gi Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
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Alvarez-Rodriguez M, Ntzouni M, Wright D, Khan KI, López-Béjar M, Martinez CA, Rodriguez-Martinez H. Chicken seminal fluid lacks CD9- and CD44-bearing extracellular vesicles. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:293-300. [PMID: 31894881 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The avian seminal fluid (SF) is a protein-rich fluid, derived from the testis, the rudimentary epididymis and, finally, from the cloacal gland. The SF interacts with spermatozoa and the inner cell lining of the female genital tract, to modulate sperm functions and female immune responsiveness. Its complex proteome might either be free or linked to extracellular vesicles (EVs) as it is the case in mammals, where EVs depict the tetraspanin CD9; and where those EVs derived from the epididymis (epididymosomes) also present the receptor CD44. In the present study, sperm-free SF from Red Jungle Fowl, White Leghorn and an advanced intercross (AIL, 12th generation) were studied using flow cytometry of the membrane marker tetraspanin CD9, Western blotting of the membrane receptor CD44 and electron microscopy in non-enriched (whole SF) or enriched fractions obtained by precipitation using a commercial kit (Total Exosome Precipitation Solution). Neither CD9- nor CD44 could be detected, and the ultrastructure confirmed the relative absence of EVs, raising the possibility that avian SF interacts differently with the female genitalia as compared to the seminal plasma of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alvarez-Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Services (BKV), BHK/O&G Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Ntzouni
- Microscopy Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (MEDFAK), Core Facility (COREF) Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dominic Wright
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kabirul Islam Khan
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Manel López-Béjar
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary, Universitat Autòmoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina A Martinez
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Services (BKV), BHK/O&G Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Gao T, Wen T, Ge Y, Liu J, Yang L, Jiang Y, Dong X, Liu H, Yao J, An G. Disruption of Core 1-mediated O-glycosylation oppositely regulates CD44 expression in human colon cancer cells and tumor-derived exosomes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 521:514-520. [PMID: 31676071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant O-glycosylation truncates O-glycans and is known to be closely associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), a major gastrointestinal tumor. CD44 is one of the highly post-transcriptionally modified O-glycoproteins participating in a series of physiological and pathobiological processes. In this research, we aimed to investigate whether CD44 expression in cells and exosomes can be influenced by disruption of Core 1-mediated O-glycosylation. Exosomes derived from LS174T and LSC human colon cancer cell lines were isolated from cell culture supernatant and pulled down using tetraspanin-specific antibody CD63 immunoaffinity magnetic beads. Identifications have been performed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and flow cytometry. CD63 immunoaffinity-purified exosomes are examined for CD44 expression by flow cytometric analyses. The percentages of CD44 in exosomes derived from abnormally O-glycosylated cells are significantly higher compared with those derived from normal ones, however, which is surprisingly contrary to the cellular expression levels of CD44. The secretion of truncated glycoproteins to the extracellular environment via microvesicles may be most likely its underlying mechanism. CD44 in exosomes might be a potential biomarker of aberrant O-glycosylation. This is the first study indicating that aberrant O-glycosylation can affect expression or delivery of O-glycoproteins via exosomes, which provides us some new sights in therapeutic strategies for human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbo Gao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Tao Wen
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yang Ge
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yuliang Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xichen Dong
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Heshu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jiannan Yao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Guangyu An
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Petukhov D, Richter-Dayan M, Fridlender Z, Breuer R, Wallach-Dayan SB. Increased Regeneration Following Stress-Induced Lung Injury in Bleomycin-Treated Chimeric Mice with CD44 Knockout Mesenchymal Cells. Cells 2019; 8:E1211. [PMID: 31591327 PMCID: PMC6829612 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
CD44, an adhesion-molecule promoting cell-migration, is shown here to increase in stress conditions following bleomycin-induced apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), a main target of lung injury. In vivo, it inhibits tissue regeneration and leads to fibrosis. We show that some AECs survive by the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase/ATM pathway, and undergo a CD44-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) with migratory capacities in vitro, and in vivo. We assessed apoptosis vs. proliferation of AECs following bleomycin, ATM/P53 signaling pathway in AECs, and CD44 involvement in EMT, cell motility and tissue regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Expression of survival genes, CD44, and ATM/p53 pathway was elevated in AECs surviving bleomycin injury, as were the markers of EMT (downregulation of E-cadherin, upregulation of N-cadherin and vimentin, nuclear translocation of β-catenin). Inhibition of CD44 decreased AECs transdifferentiation. Bleomycin-treated chimeric CD44KO-mice had decreased EMT markers, ATM, and mesenchymal cells (α-SMA+) accumulation in lung, increased surfactant-b, diminished lung mesenchymal cell motility, and increased lung tissue regenerative capacity following bleomycin injury, as indicated by lung collagen content and semiquantitave morphological index scoring. Thus, AECs surviving lung injury are plastic and undergo ATM-mediated, CD44-dependent transdifferentiation, preventing tissue regeneration and promoting fibrosis. Synthetic or natural compounds that downregulate CD44 may improve tissue regeneration following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Petukhov
- Lung Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, PO Box 12000, Qiryat Hadassah, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Mark Richter-Dayan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, PO Box 12000, Qiryat Hadassah, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Zvi Fridlender
- Lung Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, PO Box 12000, Qiryat Hadassah, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Raphael Breuer
- Lung Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, PO Box 12000, Qiryat Hadassah, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Shulamit B Wallach-Dayan
- Lung Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, PO Box 12000, Qiryat Hadassah, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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Alvarez-Rodriguez M, Ljunggren SA, Karlsson H, Rodriguez-Martinez H. Exosomes in specific fractions of the boar ejaculate contain CD44: A marker for epididymosomes? Theriogenology 2019; 140:143-152. [PMID: 31473497 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Seminal plasma (SP) is a complex fluid containing proteins, peptides, enzymes, hormones as well as extracellular vesicles (EVs). The SP interacts with spermatozoa and the inner cell lining of the female genital tract, adsorbing proteins and exosomes that modulate sperm functions and female immune responsiveness. In the present study, boar sperm-free SP was studied using flow cytometry (FC) after membrane tetraspanins (CD9, CD63 and CD81) and membrane receptor CD44 marking of non-enriched (whole SP) or gradient fractions enriched through two-step discontinuous KBr-density-gradient ultracentrifugation, in whole ejaculate or in selected ejaculate fractions. The results, evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, confirmed the presence of exosomes in all fractions of the pig SP. Noteworthy, these pig SP-exosomes were CD44-bearing when analysed by FC, with bands detected by western blotting (WB) at the expected 85 kD size. The two-step discontinuous KBr-density-gradient ultracentrifugation enriched the population of exosomes in two specific gradient fractions, indicating exosomes (either prostasomes or epididymosomes) could be separated from low-density lipoprotein (LDL) but they co-sediment with the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-bearing fraction. The findings pave for the selective isolation of exosomes in functional studies of their function when interacting with spermatozoa, the oocyte and/or the female genitalia, including hyaluronan-CD44 interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alvarez-Rodriguez
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKE), BHK/O&G Linköping University, SE-58185, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Stefan A Ljunggren
- Occupational & Environmental Medicine Centre, Linköping University, SE-58185, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Helen Karlsson
- Occupational & Environmental Medicine Centre, Linköping University, SE-58185, Linköping, Sweden
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Tseng CC, Stanciauskas R, Zhang P, Woo D, Wu K, Kelly K, Gill PS, Yu M, Pinaud F, Lee AS. GRP78 regulates CD44v membrane homeostasis and cell spreading in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:e201900377. [PMID: 31416894 PMCID: PMC6696983 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
GRP78 conducts protein folding and quality control in the ER and shows elevated expression and cell surface translocation in advanced tumors. However, the underlying mechanisms enabling GRP78 to exert novel signaling functions at cell surface are just emerging. CD44 is a transmembrane protein and an important regulator of cancer metastasis, and isoform switch of CD44 through incorporating additional variable exons to the extracellular juxtamembrane region is frequently observed during cancer progression. Using super-resolution dual-color single-particle tracking, we report that GRP78 interacts with CD44v in plasma membrane nanodomains of breast cancer cells. We further show that targeting cell surface GRP78 by the antibodies can effectively reduce cell surface expression of CD44v and cell spreading of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Our results uncover new functions of GRP78 as an interacting partner of CD44v and as a regulator of CD44v membrane homeostasis and cell spreading. This study also provides new insights into anti-CD44 therapy in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chih Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ramunas Stanciauskas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dennis Woo
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kaijin Wu
- Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Kelly
- Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Parkash S Gill
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Min Yu
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fabien Pinaud
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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133
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Li S, Li C, Zhang Y, He X, Chen X, Zeng X, Liu F, Chen Y, Chen J. Targeting Mechanics-Induced Fibroblast Activation through CD44-RhoA-YAP Pathway Ameliorates Crystalline Silica-Induced Silicosis. Theranostics 2019; 9:4993-5008. [PMID: 31410197 PMCID: PMC6691376 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is pneumoconiosis of the lung, usually resulting from prolonged exposure to crystalline silica (CS). The hallmark of silicosis is excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition produced by activated fibroblasts. Recent work demonstrated that excessive ECM-forming mechanical cues play an essential role in promoting fibroblast activation and perpetuating fibrotic pathologies. However, the detailed molecular mechanism still needs to be uncovered. Methods: NIH-3T3 fibroblasts were cultured on either 1 kappa (soft) or 60 kappa (stiff) gel-coated coverslips. A series of knockdown and reverse experiments in vitro were performed to establish the signaling for mechanics-induced fibroblast activation. An experimental model of silicosis was established by one-time intratracheal instillation of CS suspension. The cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) antibody (IM7), dihydrotanshinone I (DHI) and verteporfin (VP) were used to explore the effect of CD44-RhoA-YAP signaling blockade on mechanics-induced fibroblast activation and CS-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Results: Matrix stiffness could induce nuclear translocation of the Yes-associated protein (YAP) through CD44 in fibroblasts. This effect required RhoA activity and F-actin cytoskeleton polymerization but was independent of Hippo pathway kinases, Mst 1 and Lats 1, forming CD44-RhoA-YAP signaling pathway. Pharmacological upstream blocking by CD44 antibody or downstream blockade of YAP by DHI or VP could attenuate fibroblast migration, invasion, proliferation, and collagen deposition. Furthermore, CD44-RhoA-YAP signaling blockade could alleviate CS-induced fibrosis and improve pulmonary function in vivo. Conclusion: CD44-RhoA-YAP signaling mediates mechanics-induced fibroblast activation. Targeting this pathway could ameliorate crystalline silica-induced silicosis and provide a potential therapeutic strategy to mitigate fibrosis.
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Wang Y, Mack JA, Maytin EV. CD44 inhibits α-SMA gene expression via a novel G-actin/MRTF-mediated pathway that intersects with TGFβR/p38MAPK signaling in murine skin fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12779-12794. [PMID: 31285260 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Well-regulated differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts (MF) is critical for skin wound healing. Neoexpression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), an established marker for MF differentiation, is driven by TGFβ receptor (TGFβR)-mediated signaling. Hyaluronan (HA) and its receptor CD44 may also participate in this process. To further understand this process, primary mouse skin fibroblasts were isolated and treated in vitro with recombinant TGF-β1 (rTGF-β1) to induce α-SMA expression. CD44 expression was also increased. Paradoxically, CD44 knockdown by RNA interference (RNAi) led to increased α-SMA expression and α-SMA-containing stress fibers. Removal of extracellular HA or inhibition of HA synthesis had no effect on α-SMA levels, suggesting a dispensable role for HA. Exploration of mechanisms linking CD44 knockdown to α-SMA induction, using RNAi and chemical inhibitors, revealed a requirement for noncanonical TGFβR signaling through p38MAPK. Decreased monomeric G-actin but increased filamentous F-actin following CD44 RNAi suggested a possible role for myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF), a known regulator of α-SMA transcription and itself regulated by G-actin binding. CD44 RNAi promoted nuclear accumulation of MRTF and the binding to its transcriptional cofactor SRF. MRTF knockdown abrogated the increased α-SMA expression caused by CD44 RNAi, suggesting that MRTF is required for CD44-mediated regulation of α-SMA. Finally, chemical inhibition of p38MAPK reversed nuclear MRTF accumulation after rTGF-β1 addition or CD44 RNAi, revealing a central involvement of p38MAPK in both cases. We concluded that CD44 regulates α-SMA gene expression through cooperation between two intersecting signaling pathways, one mediated by G-actin/MRTF and the other via TGFβR/p38MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Judith A Mack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.,Department of Dermatology, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Edward V Maytin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 .,Department of Dermatology, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
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Cao L, Wu XM, Nie P, Chang MX. The negative regulation of piscine CD44c in viral and bacterial infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 96:135-143. [PMID: 30885554 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
CD44 gene is a cell surface receptor which undergoes complex alternative splicing and extensive post-translational modifications. Although many studies have showed that CD44 is involved in the process of host defense, the function of piscine CD44 in antibacterial or antiviral defense response remains unclear. In the present study, we report the functional characterization of zebrafish CD44c, which is more similar to CD44b antigen isoforms rather than CD44a based on amino acid composition and phylogenetic analysis. The expression of zebrafish CD44c was inducible in response to bacterial and viral infections. During SVCV infection, the in vivo studies revealed that CD44c overexpression led to the increased virus loads and decreased survival rate. The attenuated response by zebrafish CD44c in response to SVCV infection were characterized by the impaired production of inflammatory cytokines and the impaired expressions of IFNs, IFN-stimulated genes, MHC class I and II genes. During Edwardsiella piscicida infection, the overexpression of zebrafish CD44c facilitated bacterial growth and dissemination, but did not impact on larvae survival. The detrimental role of CD44c in host defense against E. piscicida infection was supported by a decreased production of several antibacterial molecules including defbl2, defbl3, NK-lysin and RNase3. All together, these results firstly demonstrate the negative regulation of piscine CD44c in viral and bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Xian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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136
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Stiles BG. Clostridial Binary Toxins: Basic Understandings that Include Cell Surface Binding and an Internal "Coup de Grâce". Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 406:135-162. [PMID: 27380267 DOI: 10.1007/82_2016_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium species can make a remarkable number of different protein toxins, causing many diverse diseases in humans and animals. The binary toxins of Clostridium botulinum, C. difficile, C. perfringens, and C. spiroforme are one group of enteric-acting toxins that attack the actin cytoskeleton of various cell types. These enterotoxins consist of A (enzymatic) and B (cell binding/membrane translocation) components that assemble on the targeted cell surface or in solution, forming a multimeric complex. Once translocated into the cytosol via endosomal trafficking and acidification, the A component dismantles the filamentous actin-based cytoskeleton via mono-ADP-ribosylation of globular actin. Knowledge of cell surface receptors and how these usurped, host-derived molecules facilitate intoxication can lead to novel ways of defending against these clostridial binary toxins. A molecular-based understanding of the various steps involved in toxin internalization can also unveil therapeutic intervention points that stop the intoxication process. Furthermore, using these bacterial proteins as medicinal shuttle systems into cells provides intriguing possibilities in the future. The pertinent past and state-of-the-art present, regarding clostridial binary toxins, will be evident in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley G Stiles
- Biology Department, Wilson College, Chambersburg, PA, 17201, USA.
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137
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Lim HW, Pak K, Kurabi A, Ryan AF. Lack of the hyaluronan receptor CD44 affects the course of bacterial otitis media and reduces leukocyte recruitment to the middle ear. BMC Immunol 2019; 20:20. [PMID: 31226944 PMCID: PMC6588864 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-019-0302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD44 is a multifunctional molecule that plays major roles in both leukocyte recruitment and tissue proliferation. Since mucosal hyperplasia and leukocyte infiltration of the middle ear cavity are major features of otitis media, we evaluated the role of CD44 in the pathophysiology and course of this disease in a mouse model of middle ear infection. Expression of genes related to CD44 function were evaluated using gene arrays in wild-type mice. The middle ears of mice deficient in CD44 were inoculated with non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. Histopathology and bacterial clearance were compared to that seen in wild-type controls. RESULTS We observed strong up-regulation of CD44 and of genes related to its role in leukocyte extravasation into the middle ear, during the course of acute otitis media. Mice deficient in CD44 exhibited reduced early mucosal hyperplasia and leukocyte recruitment, followed by delayed resolution of infection and persistent inflammation. CONCLUSIONS CD44 plays an important role in OM pathogenesis by altering the mucosal growth and neutrophil enlistment. Targeted therapies based on CD44 could be useful adjuncts to the treatment of middle ear infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Lim
- Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, University of California-San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0666 USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Kwang Pak
- Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, University of California-San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0666 USA
| | - Arwa Kurabi
- Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, University of California-San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0666 USA
| | - Allen F. Ryan
- Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, University of California-San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0666 USA
- San Diego VA Medical Center, La Jolla, CA USA
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138
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Hwang HS, Go H, Park JM, Yoon SY, Lee JL, Jeong SU, Cho YM. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition as a mechanism of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2019; 99:659-670. [PMID: 30683903 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are widely accepted as treatment for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, most patients eventually experience disease progression despite TKI treatment, even if the initial response is favorable. To define the underlying mechanism of TKI resistance, 10 TKI-treated metastatic ccRCC cases in which tumor samples were harvested before treatment and immediately after disease progression were examined. Gene expression profiles and copy number variations of matched pre- and post-treatment tumor samples were investigated. Altered biologic characteristics were confirmed in sunitinib-resistant ccRCC cell lines, which were generated by long-term treatment with sunitinib-containing media. Gene transcript levels related to the cell cycle and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were significantly upregulated in the treated tumor samples compared with the pre-treatment samples. The mitotic count and sarcomatoid component were significantly increased in treated tumor samples. Alteration of EMT-related genes was also demonstrated in a sunitinib-resistant ccRCC cell line that showed enhanced migration and invasion compared to the parent cell line. siRNA-induced inhibition of EMT-related gene expression significantly suppressed the migration and invasion capacity of TKI-resistant cell lines. The present study shows that both ccRCC cases that progressed after TKI treatment and sunitinib-resistant ccRCC cell lines demonstrated alteration of EMT-related gene expression and enhancement of EMT-related behavior. These results suggest that EMT may explain the aggressive behavior of TKI-resistant ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sang Hwang
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heounjeong Go
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja-Min Park
- Asan Institute of Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Yoon
- Asan Institute of Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Lyun Lee
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Un Jeong
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Mee Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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139
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Turkmani MG, De Boulle K, Philipp-Dormston WG. Delayed hypersensitivity reaction to hyaluronic acid dermal filler following influenza-like illness. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2019; 12:277-283. [PMID: 31118731 PMCID: PMC6501047 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s198081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Delayed reactions after facial hyaluronic acid injection are relatively rare complications. Their cause may be infectious or immune-mediated in origin, and their outbreak can be triggered, for example, by an influenza-like illness. Objective: To describe potential adverse event of influenza like illness following dermal filler injection. Methods: We report fourteen unusual cases of delayed hypersensitivity reaction to several brands of hyaluronic acid dermal filler following influenza like illness. Results: Increasing evidence implicates influenza infection in the pathogenesis of late onset filler reaction. Conclusion: Although there is a low risk of late onset adverse reaction with hyaluronic acid fillers, injecting physicians must be aware of the possible filler reaction following the influenza infection.
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KAWAI TAKEO, IWATA KEISUKE, SHINOTSUKA YUNA, KUBO SAYAKA, MASUOKA HIROO, YABUTA TOMONORI, HIROKAWA MITSUYOSHI, NAKAMURA HIROTOSHI, MIYAUCHI AKIRA, KOMAI KOICHIRO. CD44v8-10 and CD44s Are Age-dependently Expressed in Primary Cultured Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Cells and Are Associated with Cell Proliferation. THE KOBE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 65:E1-E9. [PMID: 31341151 PMCID: PMC6668591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy, arising from follicular cells, and accounts for more than 80% of all thyroid malignant tumors. Although age is the strongest prognostic factor of PTC, and various cut-off ages (40-55 years) were suggested in previous studies, the molecular mechanisms causing age-related changes of PTC cell proliferation remain unclear. CD44 is a major cell surface receptor for hyaluronate and is known as a cancer stem cell marker. However, the association between CD44 and PTC is still unknown. Therefore, we determined the proliferation of primary cultured cells obtained from patients with PTC, and the CD44 mRNA expression profile to elucidate age-related association of CD44 with PTC. The results showed that cell proliferation was significantly decreased according to age. We also found that CD44v8-10 and CD44 splice variants were expressed dominantly in patients with PTC. Moreover, the CD44v8-10/CD44s mRNA expression ratio was significantly increased according to age, and there was a significant negative correlation between this expression ratio and cell proliferation. Our findings suggest that the CD44v8-10/CD44s expression ratio in PTC cells is useful for screening for aggressive PTC and may provide clinically valuable information.
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Affiliation(s)
- TAKEO KAWAI
- Division of Medical Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - KEISUKE IWATA
- Division of Medical Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - YUNA SHINOTSUKA
- Division of Medical Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - SAYAKA KUBO
- Division of Medical Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - KOICHIRO KOMAI
- Division of Medical Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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Kido T, Lau YFC. The Y-linked proto-oncogene TSPY contributes to poor prognosis of the male hepatocellular carcinoma patients by promoting the pro-oncogenic and suppressing the anti-oncogenic gene expression. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:22. [PMID: 30867900 PMCID: PMC6399826 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cancer is one of the major causes of cancer death worldwide, with significantly higher incidence and mortality among the male patients. Although sex hormones and their receptors could contribute to such sex differences, the story is incomplete. Genes on the male-specific region of the Y chromosome could play a role(s) in this cancer. TSPY is the putative gene for the gonadoblastoma locus on the Y chromosome (GBY) that is ectopically expressed in a subset of male hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Although various studies showed that TSPY expression is associated with poor prognosis in the patients and its overexpression promotes cell proliferation of various cancer cell lines, it remains unclear how TSPY contributes to the clinical outcomes of the HCC patients. Identifying the downstream genes and pathways of TSPY actions would provide novel insights on its contribution(s) to male predominance in this deadly cancer. Results To determine the effects of TSPY on HCC, a TSPY transgene was introduced to the HCC cell line, HuH-7, and studied with RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis. The results showed that TSPY upregulates various genes associated with cell-cycle and cell-viability, and suppresses cell-death related genes. To correlate the experimental observations with those of clinical specimens, transcriptomes of male HCCs with high TSPY expression were analyzed with reference to those with silent TSPY expression from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The comparative analysis identified 49 genes, which showed parallel expression patterns between HuH-7 cells overexpressing TSPY and clinical specimens with high TSPY expression. Among these 49 genes, 16 likely downstream genes could be associated with survival rates in HCC patients. The major upregulated targets were cell-cycle related genes and growth factor receptor genes, including CDC25B and HMMR, whose expression levels are negatively correlated with the patient survival rates. In contrast, PPARGC1A, SLC25A25 and SOCS2 were downregulated with TSPY expression, and possess favorable prognoses for HCC patients. Conclusion We demonstrate that TSPY could exacerbate the oncogenesis of HCC by differentially upregulate the expression of pro-oncogenic genes and downregulate those of anti-oncogenic genes in male HCC patients, thereby contributing to the male predominance in this deadly cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13578-019-0287-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kido
- 1Division of Cell and Developmental Genetics, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA.,2Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Yun-Fai Chris Lau
- 1Division of Cell and Developmental Genetics, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA.,2Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
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142
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Synergistic effect and reduced toxicity by intratumoral injection of cytarabine-loaded hyaluronic acid hydrogel conjugates combined with radiotherapy on lung cancer. Invest New Drugs 2019; 37:1146-1157. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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144
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Christensen G, Herum KM, Lunde IG. Sweet, yet underappreciated: Proteoglycans and extracellular matrix remodeling in heart disease. Matrix Biol 2019; 75-76:286-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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145
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Schultz K, Grieger (Lindner) C, Li Y, Urbánek P, Ruschel A, Minnich K, Bruder D, Gereke M, Sechi A, Herrlich P. Gamma secretase dependent release of the CD44 cytoplasmic tail upregulates IFI16 in cd44-/- tumor cells, MEFs and macrophages. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207358. [PMID: 30540779 PMCID: PMC6291121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The adhesion molecule and co-receptor of receptor tyrosine kinases, CD44, is expressed in all cells of the immune system, but also in numerous non-immune cells. CD44 plays roles in the cellular response to different pathogens. The molecular actions of CD44 during these processes are by and large still unknown. The CD44 molecule undergoes a sequential proteolytic cleavage which leads to the release of a soluble intracellular domain (CD44-ICD). Previous reports had shown that the CD44-ICD is taken up into the nucleus where it enhances transcription of specific target genes. By RNA profiling we identified a CD44-dependent transcriptional increase of interferon-responsive genes, among them IFI16. IFI16 is important in the innate immune response. It senses and binds pathogenic DNA and, together with cGAS, activates the cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway and induces the expression of genes relevant for the response, e.g. IFN-β. Our results show that the enhancement of IFI16 expression depended on CD44 cleavage. A CD44-negative tumor cell line, embryonic fibroblasts and bone marrow-derived macrophages from cd44-/- mice were reduced in their response to IFN-γ, to viral DNA fragments and to Listeria monocytogenes infection. We could rescue the deficiency of CD44 negative RPM-MC cells and cd44-/- MEFs by expressing only the soluble CD44-ICD in the absence of any other CD44 domain. Expression of the CD44-ICD carrying a mutation that prevented the uptake into the nucleus, could not rescue the absence of CD44. This molecular aspect of regulation by CD44 may explain part of the immune phenotypes of mice with cd44 gene disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Schultz
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Immune Regulation Group, Braunschweig, Germany
- Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Prevention and Control, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Yong Li
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Pavel Urbánek
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Anne Ruschel
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Minnich
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Dunja Bruder
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Immune Regulation Group, Braunschweig, Germany
- Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Prevention and Control, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Gereke
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Immune Regulation Group, Braunschweig, Germany
- Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Prevention and Control, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Antonio Sechi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Dept. of Cell Biology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Herrlich
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- * E-mail:
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146
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Lu CH, Lin CH, Li KJ, Shen CY, Wu CH, Kuo YM, Lin TS, Yu CL, Hsieh SC. Intermediate Molecular Mass Hyaluronan and CD44 Receptor Interactions Enhance Neutrophil Phagocytosis and IL-8 Production via p38- and ERK1/2-MAPK Signalling Pathways. Inflammation 2018; 40:1782-1793. [PMID: 28730511 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CD44 is a common leukocyte adhesion molecule expressed on the surface of various cells. Hyaluronan (HA), the natural ligand of CD44, is a simple repeated disaccharide with variable molecular mass that is widely distributed on cell surfaces and the connective tissue matrix. The binding of small molecular mass HA (SMM-HA, MW < 80 kDa) to CD44 on immune-related cells elicits cell proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production. However, the effects and molecular basis of intermediate molecular mass HA (IMM-HA, MW ≈ 500 kDa)-CD44 interactions on polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) functions have not been elucidated. We hypothesised that IMM-HA would potentiate immune functions as well as SMM-HA. In the present study, we demonstrated IMM-HA and CD44 interactions enhanced normal PMN phagocytosis and IL-8 production compared to those with LPS or anti-CD45 treatment via F-actin cytoskeleton polymerization and subsequent ERK1/2- and p38-MAPK phosphorylation. Antibody-based inhibition of CD44 did not affect PMN function; however, F-actin aggregation was induced without MAPK phosphorylation. Enhanced PMN function via IMM-HA was determined to be CD44-dependent since this effect was abolished in DMSO-induced CD44(-) PMN-like cells obtained from HL-60 cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that IMM-HA and CD44 interactions on PMNs potently elicit F-actin cytoskeleton polymerization and p38- and ERK1/2-MAPK phosphorylation to enhance PMN function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsun Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7 Chung-San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital-Yunlin Branch, No. 95 Xuefu Rd, Huwei Township, Yunlin County, 632, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Huei Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jen Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Shen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7 Chung-San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7 Chung-San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7 Chung-San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Syuan Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital-Yunlin Branch, No. 95 Xuefu Rd, Huwei Township, Yunlin County, 632, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7 Chung-San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Song-Chou Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
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147
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The role of CD44, hyaluronan and NHE1 in cardiac remodeling. Life Sci 2018; 209:197-201. [PMID: 30089233 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, predisposes the heart to failure if left unresolved. Understanding the signaling mechanisms involved in excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is necessary to identify the means to regress the development of cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Recently, hyaluronan (HA), a ubiquitously expressed glycosaminoglycan in the ECM, was shown to participate in tissue fibrosis and myofibroblast proliferation through interacting with its ubiquitously expressed cell-surface receptor, CD44. CD44 is a multifunctional transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as a cell-surface receptor for a number of ECM proteins. The mechanism by which the interaction between CD44-HA contributes to ECM and cardiac remodeling remains unknown. A previous study performed on a non-cardiac model showed that CD44-HA enhances Na+/H+ exchanger isoform-1 (NHE1) activity, causing ECM remodeling, HA metabolism and tumor invasion. Interestingly, NHE1 has been demonstrated to be involved in cardiac remodeling and myocardial fibrosis. In addition, it has previously been demonstrated that CD44 is upregulated in transgenic mouse hearts expressing active NHE-1. The role of CD44, HA and NHE1 and the cellular interplay of these factors in the ECM and cardiac remodeling is the focus of this review.
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148
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Oct-4 and CD44 in epithelial stem cells like of benign odontogenic lesions. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:371-377. [PMID: 29971493 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Benign epithelial odontogenic lesions are great clinical importance entities that develop in the jaws from the tissues that form teeth. It has been shown that benign and malignant tumors are present in a large number of tumor stem cells, which has great implications in the development of these lesions. Oct-4 and CD44 have been demonstrated as important markers for tumoral stem cells. The aim of this study was investigate the presence of stem cell markers Oct-4 and CD44 in benign epithelial odontogenic lesions. Twenty odontogenic keratocysts (OKC), 20 ameloblastomas (AMB) of the solid/multicystic type and 20 adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOT) were retrospectively analyzed for immunohistochemical detection of Oct-4 and CD44 in their epithelial component. All cases were positive for the two markers, with the majority exhibiting a high expression. Analysis of the expression of Oct-4 revealed no statistically significant differences (p = 0.406) between the lesions studied. Regarding CD44, there was a significant difference between the cases of AMB and AOT in relation with OKC, with the latter presenting a greater labelling (p = 0.034). No statistically significant correlation between Oct-4 and CD44 was observed in the lesions. In our findings, the presence of stem cell-like phenotype at various sites of the epithelial component of the odontogenic lesions was identified, suggesting its possible participation in histogenesis and differentiation without, however, exerting influence on the aggressiveness of the lesions.
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149
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Katsuyama T, Tsokos GC, Moulton VR. Aberrant T Cell Signaling and Subsets in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1088. [PMID: 29868033 PMCID: PMC5967272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multi-organ debilitating autoimmune disease, which mainly afflicts women in the reproductive years. A complex interaction of genetics, environmental factors and hormones result in the breakdown of immune tolerance to "self" leading to damage and destruction of multiple organs, such as the skin, joints, kidneys, heart and brain. Both innate and adaptive immune systems are critically involved in the misguided immune response against self-antigens. Dendritic cells, neutrophils, and innate lymphoid cells are important in initiating antigen presentation and propagating inflammation at lymphoid and peripheral tissue sites. Autoantibodies produced by B lymphocytes and immune complex deposition in vital organs contribute to tissue damage. T lymphocytes are increasingly being recognized as key contributors to disease pathogenesis. CD4 T follicular helper cells enable autoantibody production, inflammatory Th17 subsets promote inflammation, while defects in regulatory T cells lead to unchecked immune responses. A better understanding of the molecular defects including signaling events and gene regulation underlying the dysfunctional T cells in SLE is necessary to pave the path for better management, therapy, and perhaps prevention of this complex disease. In this review, we focus on the aberrations in T cell signaling in SLE and highlight therapeutic advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vaishali R. Moulton
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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150
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Absence of specific alternatively spliced exon of CD44 in macrophages prevents colitis. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:846-860. [PMID: 29186109 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CD44 is a transmembrane molecule appearing in numerous isoforms generated by insertions of alternatively spliced variant exons (CD44v) and having various binding partners. CD44v7 on T cells was proposed to promote colitis by preventing T-cell apoptosis. Here we demonstrate that Cd44v7-deficient T cells - like Cd44 wild-type (Cd44WT) T cells - provoked disease in two different colitis models: the model induced by CD4+CD45RBhigh T-cell transfer into Rag2-deficient mice and a new model based on ovalbumin (OVA)-specific T-cell transfer into Rag-sufficient, OVA-challenged mice. In contrast, CD44v7 absence on macrophages in recipient mice prevented colitis. Prevention was associated with the downregulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-activating and Foxp3-counteracting interleukin-6 (IL-6), lower numbers of phospho-STAT3-containing lymphocytes, and higher Foxp3+ T-cell counts in the colon. Consequently, the protected colons showed lower IL-12, IL-1β expression, and decreased interferon-γ levels. Importantly, stimulation of T cells by Cd44v7-deficient macrophages induced upregulation of Foxp3 in vitro, while cotransfer of Cd44WT macrophages into Cd44v7-deficient mice reduced Foxp3+ T-cell counts and caused colitis. Accordingly, the CD44v7 ligand osteopontin, whose levels were elevated in Crohn's disease, specifically induced IL-6 in human monocytes, a cytokine also increased in these patients. We suggest macrophage-specific targeting of the CD44v7 pathway as a novel therapeutic option for Crohn's disease.
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