101
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Hove PR, Nealon NJ, Chan SHJ, Boyer SM, Haberecht HB, Ryan EP. Integrated Profiling of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Probiotic Genomes, Proteomes and Metabolomes Revealed Small Molecules with Differential Growth Inhibition of Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens. J Diet Suppl 2022; 20:788-810. [PMID: 36099186 PMCID: PMC10008781 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2120146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics produce small molecules that may serve as alternatives to conventional antibiotics by suppressing growth of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) pathogens. The objective of this study was to identify and examine antimicrobials produced and secreted by probiotics using 'omics' profiling with computer-based metabolic flux analyses. The cell-free supernatant of Gram-positive Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli Nissle (ECN) probiotics inhibited growth of AMR Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella oxytoca ranging between 28.85 - 41.20% (LGG) and 11.48 - 29.45% (ECN). A dose dependent analysis of probiotic supernatants showed LGG was 6.27% to 20.55% more effective at reducing AMR pathogen growth when compared to ECN. Principal component analysis showed clear separation of ECN and LGG cell free supernatant metabolomes. Among 667 metabolites in the supernatant, 304 were differentially abundant between LGG and ECN probiotics. Proteomics identified 87 proteins, whereby 67 (ECN) and 14 (LGG) showed differential expression as enzymes related to carbohydrate and energy metabolic pathways. The whole genomes and metabolomes were next used for in-silico metabolic network analysis. The model predicted the production of 166 metabolites by LGG and ECN probiotics across amino acid, carbohydrate/energy, and nucleotide metabolism with antimicrobial functions. The predictive accuracy of the metabolic flux analysis highlights the novel utility for profiling probiotic supplements as dietary-based antimicrobial alternatives in the control of AMR pathogen growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petronella R. Hove
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nora Jean Nealon
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University. Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Siu Hung Joshua Chan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Shea M. Boyer
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University. Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Hannah B. Haberecht
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University. Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University. Fort Collins, CO, USA
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102
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Structure of Lacticaseicin 30 and Its Engineered Variants Revealed an Interplay between the N-Terminal and C-Terminal Regions in the Activity against Gram-Negative Bacteria. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091921. [PMID: 36145669 PMCID: PMC9505257 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lacticaseicin 30 is one of the five bacteriocins produced by the Gram-positive Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CNCM I-5369. This 111 amino acid bacteriocin is noteworthy for being active against Gram-negative bacilli including Escherichia coli strains resistant to colistin. Prediction of the lacticaseicin 30 structure using the Alphafold2 pipeline revealed a largely helical structure including five helix segments, which was confirmed by circular dichroism. To identify the structural requirements of the lacticaseicin 30 activity directed against Gram-negative bacilli, a series of variants, either shortened or containing point mutations, was heterologously produced in Escherichia coli and assayed for their antibacterial activity against a panel of target strains including Gram-negative bacteria and the Gram-positive Listeria innocua. Lacticaseicin 30 variants comprising either the N-terminal region (amino acids 1 to 39) or the central and C-terminal regions (amino acids 40 to 111) were prepared. Furthermore, mutations were introduced by site-directed mutagenesis to obtain ten bacteriocin variants E6G, T7P, E32G, T33P, T52P, D57G, A74P, Y78S, Y93S and A97P. Compared to lacticaseicin 30, the anti-Gram-negative activity of the N-terminal peptide and variants E32G, T33P and D57G remained almost unchanged, while that of the C-terminal peptide and variants E6G, T7P, T52P, A74P, Y78S, Y93S and A97P was significantly altered. Finally, the N-terminal region was further shortened to keep only the first 20 amino acid part that was predicted to include the first helix. The anti-Gram-negative activity of this truncated peptide was completely abolished. Overall, this study shows that activity of lacticaseicin 30, one of the rare Gram-positive bacteriocins inhibiting Gram-negative bacteria, requires at least two helices in the N-terminal region and that the C-terminal region carries amino acids playing a role in modulation of the activity. Taken together, these data will help to design forthcoming variants of lacticaseicin 30 as promising therapeutic agents to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli.
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103
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Vejzovic D, Piller P, Cordfunke RA, Drijfhout JW, Eisenberg T, Lohner K, Malanovic N. Where Electrostatics Matter: Bacterial Surface Neutralization and Membrane Disruption by Antimicrobial Peptides SAAP-148 and OP-145. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091252. [PMID: 36139091 PMCID: PMC9496175 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for alternative treatment of multi-drug-resistant bacteria led to the increased design of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). AMPs exhibit a broad antimicrobial spectrum without a distinct preference for a specific species. Thus, their mechanism, disruption of fundamental barrier function by permeabilization of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane is considered to be rather general and less likely related to antimicrobial resistance. Of all physico-chemical properties of AMPs, their positive charge seems to be crucial for their interaction with negatively charged bacterial membranes. Therefore, we elucidate the role of electrostatic interaction on bacterial surface neutralization and on membrane disruption potential of two potent antimicrobial peptides, namely, OP-145 and SAAP-148. Experiments were performed on Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative bacterium, and Enterococcus hirae, a Gram-positive bacterium, as well as on their model membranes. Zeta potential measurements demonstrated that both peptides neutralized the surface charge of E. coli immediately after their exposure, but not of E. hirae. Second, peptides neutralized all model membranes, but failed to efficiently disrupt model membranes mimicking Gram-negative bacteria. This was further confirmed by flow cytometry showing reduced membrane permeability for SAAP-148 and the lack of OP-145 to permeabilize the E. coli membrane. As neutralization of E. coli surface charges was achieved before the cells were killed, we conclude that electrostatic forces are more important for actions on the surface of Gram-negative bacteria than on their cytoplasmic membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djenana Vejzovic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Paulina Piller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Robert A. Cordfunke
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W. Drijfhout
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Bio TechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Lohner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nermina Malanovic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Bio TechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence:
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104
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Mitchell CJ, Johnson TS, Deber CM. Transmembrane peptide effects on bacterial membrane integrity and organization. Biophys J 2022; 121:3253-3262. [PMID: 35923102 PMCID: PMC9463641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As the bacterial multidrug resistance crisis continues, membrane-active antimicrobial peptides are being explored as an alternate treatment to conventional antibiotics. In contrast to antimicrobial peptides, which function by a nonspecific membrane disruption mechanism, here we describe a series of transmembrane (TM) peptides that are designed to act as drug efflux inhibitors by aligning with and out-competing a conserved TM4-TM4 homodimerization motif within bacterial small multidrug resistance proteins. The peptides contain two terminal tags: a C-terminal lysine tag to direct the peptides toward the negatively charged bacterial membrane, and an uncharged N-terminal sarcosine (N-methyl-glycine) tag to promote membrane insertion. While effective at inhibiting efflux activity, ostensibly through their designed mechanism of action, the impact of the peptides on the bacterial inner membrane remains undetermined. To evaluate the extant peptide-membrane interactions, we performed a series of biophysical measurements. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and Trp fluorescence showed that the peptides insert into the membrane generally in helical form. Interestingly, differential scanning calorimetry of the peptides added to bacterial-like membranes (POPE:POPG 3:1) revealed the peptides' ability to demix the POPE and POPG lipids, creating two pools, one of which is likely a peptide-POPG conglomerate, and the other a POPE-rich component where the native POPG content has been depleted. However, dye leakage assays confirmed that these events occur without causing significant membrane disruption both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that the peptides can target the small multidrug resistance TM4-TM4 motif without nonspecific membrane disruption. In related studies, DiOC2(3) fluorescence indicated moderate peptide-mediated reduction of the proton motive force for all peptides, including control peptides that did not display inhibitory activity. The overall findings suggest that peptides designed with suitable tags, sequence hydrophobicity, and charge distribution can be directed more generally to impact proteins whose function involves membrane-embedded protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe J Mitchell
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 0A4, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler S Johnson
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 0A4, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles M Deber
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 0A4, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada.
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105
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Brzeski J, Wyrzykowski D, Chylewska A, Makowski M, Papini AM, Makowska J. Metal-Ion Interactions with Dodecapeptide Fragments of Human Cationic Antimicrobial Protein LL-37 [hCAP(134-170)]. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6911-6921. [PMID: 36047059 PMCID: PMC9483913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism
(CD) techniques,
and in silico analysis were used to determine potential
metal binding sites in human cationic antimicrobial protein (hCAP)
corresponding to overlapping the dodecapeptide sequences of hCAP(134–170)
referred to as LL-37. The correct antibacterial action of LL-37 is
closely related to its established unique structure. Disturbances
in the LL-37 structure (e.g., unwanted presence of metal ions) lead
to a radical change in its biological functions. Five fragments of
the LL-37 [hCAP(134–170)], namely, hCAP(134–145) (A1), hCAP(140–151) (A2), hCAP(146–157)
(A3), hCAP(152–163) (A4), and hCAP(159–170)
(A5), were taken into account and their affinity to Mn(II)
and Zn(II) ions was rigorously assessed. We prove that only three
of the investigated peptides (A1, A2, and A5) are capable of forming thermodynamically stable complexes
with metal ions. Additionally, based on density functional theory
(DFT) calculations, we propose the most likely coordination modes
of metal(II) to peptides as well as discuss the chemical nature of
the interactions. Finally, we present the structural features of the
strongest binding peptide, hCAP(159–170), responsible for the
metal binding. The presented results provide important structural
and thermodynamic information to understand the influence of some
metal ions on the activity of hCAP(134–170).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Brzeski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15218, United States
| | - Dariusz Wyrzykowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chylewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Makowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Joanna Makowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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106
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Sidorczuk K, Gagat P, Pietluch F, Kała J, Rafacz D, Bąkała L, Słowik J, Kolenda R, Rödiger S, Fingerhut LCHW, Cooke IR, Mackiewicz P, Burdukiewicz M. Benchmarks in antimicrobial peptide prediction are biased due to the selection of negative data. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6672903. [PMID: 35988923 PMCID: PMC9487607 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a heterogeneous group of short polypeptides that target not only microorganisms but also viruses and cancer cells. Due to their lower selection for resistance compared with traditional antibiotics, AMPs have been attracting the ever-growing attention from researchers, including bioinformaticians. Machine learning represents the most cost-effective method for novel AMP discovery and consequently many computational tools for AMP prediction have been recently developed. In this article, we investigate the impact of negative data sampling on model performance and benchmarking. We generated 660 predictive models using 12 machine learning architectures, a single positive data set and 11 negative data sampling methods; the architectures and methods were defined on the basis of published AMP prediction software. Our results clearly indicate that similar training and benchmark data set, i.e. produced by the same or a similar negative data sampling method, positively affect model performance. Consequently, all the benchmark analyses that have been performed for AMP prediction models are significantly biased and, moreover, we do not know which model is the most accurate. To provide researchers with reliable information about the performance of AMP predictors, we also created a web server AMPBenchmark for fair model benchmarking. AMPBenchmark is available at http://BioGenies.info/AMPBenchmark.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jakub Kała
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Poland
| | - Dominik Rafacz
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Poland
| | - Laura Bąkała
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Słowik
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Poland
| | - Rafał Kolenda
- Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom,Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Poland
| | - Stefan Rödiger
- Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Germany
| | - Legana C H W Fingerhut
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Australia
| | - Ira R Cooke
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Australia
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107
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Morales-Martínez A, Bertrand B, Hernández-Meza JM, Garduño-Juárez R, Silva-Sanchez J, Munoz-Garay C. Membrane fluidity, composition, and charge affect the activity and selectivity of the AMP ascaphin-8. Biophys J 2022; 121:3034-3048. [PMID: 35842753 PMCID: PMC9463648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascaphins are cationic antimicrobial peptides that have been shown to have potential in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens (MDR). However, to date, their principal molecular target and mechanism of action are unknown. Results from peptide prediction software and molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that ascaphin-8 is an alpha-helical peptide. For the first time, the peptide was described as membranotrophic using biophysical approaches including calcein liposome leakage, Laurdan general polarization, and dynamic light scattering. Ascaphin-8's activity and selectivity were modulated by rearranging the spatial distribution of lysine (Var-K5), aspartic acid (Var-D4) residues, or substitution of phenylalanine with tyrosine (Var-Y). The parental peptide and its variants presented high affinity toward the bacterial membrane model (≤2 μM), but lost activity in sterol-enriched membranes (mammal and fungal models, with cholesterol and ergosterol, respectively). The peptide-induced pore size was estimated to be >20 nm in the bacterial model, with no difference among peptides. The same pattern was observed in membrane fluidity (general polarization) assays, where all peptides reduced membrane fluidity of the bacterial model but not in the models containing sterols. The peptides also showed high activity toward MDR bacteria. Moreover, peptide sensitivity of the artificial membrane models compared with pathogenic bacterial isolates were in good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Morales-Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (ICF-UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Brandt Bertrand
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (ICF-UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Juan M Hernández-Meza
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (ICF-UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Ramón Garduño-Juárez
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (ICF-UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Jesús Silva-Sanchez
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Carlos Munoz-Garay
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (ICF-UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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108
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Hurtado-Rios JJ, Carrasco-Navarro U, Almanza-Pérez JC, Ponce-Alquicira E. Ribosomes: The New Role of Ribosomal Proteins as Natural Antimicrobials. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169123. [PMID: 36012387 PMCID: PMC9409020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Moonlighting proteins are those capable of performing more than one biochemical or biophysical function within the same polypeptide chain. They have been a recent focus of research due to their potential applications in the health, pharmacological, and nutritional sciences. Among them, some ribosomal proteins involved in assembly and protein translation have also shown other functionalities, including inhibiting infectious bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and tumor cells. Therefore, they may be considered antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). However, information regarding the mechanism of action of ribosomal proteins as AMPs is not yet fully understood. Researchers have suggested that the antimicrobial activity of ribosomal proteins may be associated with an increase in intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) in target cells, which, in turn, could affect membrane integrity and cause their inactivation and death. Moreover, the global overuse of antibiotics has resulted in an increase in pathogenic bacteria resistant to common antibiotics. Therefore, AMPs such as ribosomal proteins may have potential applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries in the place of antibiotics. This article provides an overview of the potential roles of ribosomes and AMP ribosomal proteins in conjunction with their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J. Hurtado-Rios
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Ulises Carrasco-Navarro
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Julio Cesar Almanza-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Edith Ponce-Alquicira
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-58044600 (ext. 2676)
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109
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C-Locked Analogs of the Antimicrobial Peptide BP214. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081080. [PMID: 36009951 PMCID: PMC9404711 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BP214 is an all-D antimicrobial peptide amide, kklfkkilryl, which shows an excellent activity against colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and a low hemolytic activity. The aim of the present work was to investigate how C-terminus-to-side chain macrocyclization and fatty acid modification affect the antimicrobial and hemolytic activity of this peptide. In total, 18 analogs of BP214 were synthesized using a combination of Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis and the submonomer approach. Cyclization was achieved by reacting the ε-amino group of a C-terminal lysine residue with a bromoacetylgroup attached to the Nα amino group of the N-terminal amino acid, generating a secondary amine at which the exocyclic lipopeptide tail was assembled. Three different ring sizes (i.e., 3–5 amino acid residues) of C-locked analogs combined with fatty acids of different lengths (i.e., C10–C14) were investigated. The antimicrobial activity of the analogs was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The most promising compound was analog 13 (MIC = 4 µg/mL (2.4 µM) against E. coli and 36% hemolysis of red blood cells at 150 µM). In a time-kill assay, this peptide showed a significant, concentration-dependent reduction in viable E. coli cells comparable to that seen for colistin.
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110
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New antimicrobial peptide-antibiotic combination strategy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa inactivation. Biointerphases 2022; 17:041002. [PMID: 35922283 DOI: 10.1116/6.0001981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel antimicrobials or new treatment strategies are urgently needed to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) related infections and especially to address the problem of antibiotic resistance. We propose a novel strategy that combines the human antimicrobial peptide (AMP) LL37 with different antibiotics to find synergistic AMP-antibiotic combinations against P. aeruginosa strains in vitro. Our results showed that LL37 exhibited synergistic inhibitory and bactericidal effects against P. aeruginosa strains PAO1 and PA103 when combined with the antibiotics vancomycin, azithromycin, polymyxin B, and colistin. In addition, LL37 caused strong outer membrane permeabilization, as demonstrated through measurement of an increased uptake of the fluorescent probe N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine. The membrane permeabilization effects appear to explain why it was easier to rescue the effectiveness of the antibiotic toward the bacteria because the outer membrane of P. aeruginosa exhibits barrier function for antibiotics. Furthermore, the change in the zeta potential was measured for P. aeruginosa strains with the addition of LL37. Zeta potentials for P. aeruginosa strains PAO1 and PA103 were -40.9 and -10.9 mV, respectively. With the addition of LL37, negative zeta potentials were gradually neutralized. We found that positively charged LL37 can interact with and neutralize the negatively charged bacterial outer membrane through electrostatic interactions, and the process of neutralization is believed to have contributed to the increase in outer membrane permeability. Finally, to further illustrate the relationship between outer membrane permeabilization and the uptake of antibiotics, we used LL37 to make the outer membrane of P. aeruginosa strains more permeable, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for several antibiotics (colistin, gentamicin, polymyxin B, vancomycin, and azithromycin) were measured. The MICs decreased were twofold to fourfold, in general. For example, the MICs of azithromycin and vancomycin decreased more than fourfold when against P. aeruginosa strain PAO1, which were the greatest decrease of any of the antibiotics tested in this experiment. As for PA103, the MIC of polymyxin B2 decreased fourfold, which was the strongest decrease seen for any of the antibiotics tested in this experiment. The increased uptake of antibiotics not only demonstrates the barrier role of the outer membrane but also validates the mechanism of synergistic effects that we have proposed. These results indicate the great potential of an LL37-antibiotic combination strategy and provide possible explanations for the mechanisms behind this synergy.
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111
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Mescola A, Ragazzini G, Facci P, Alessandrini A. The potential of AFM in studying the role of the nanoscale amphipathic nature of (lipo)-peptides interacting with lipid bilayers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:432001. [PMID: 35830770 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac80c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and lipopeptides (LPs) represent very promising molecules to fight resistant bacterial infections due to their broad-spectrum of activity, their first target, i.e. the bacterial membrane, and the rapid bactericidal action. For both types of molecules, the action mechanism starts from the membrane of the pathogen agents, producing a disorganization of their phase structure or the formation of pores of different size altering their permeability. This mechanism of action is based on physical interactions more than on a lock-and-key recognition event and it is difficult for the pathogens to rapidly develop an effective resistance. Very small differences in the sequence of both AMPs and LPs might lead to very different effects on the target membrane. Therefore, a correct understanding of their mechanism of action is required with the aim of developing new synthetic peptides, analogues of the natural ones, with specific and more powerful bactericidal activity. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), with its high resolution and the associated force spectroscopy resource, provides a valuable technique to investigate the reorganization of lipid bilayers exposed to antimicrobial or lipopeptides. Here, we present AFM results obtained by ours and other groups on the action of AMPs and LPs on supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) of different composition. We also consider data obtained by fluorescence microscopy to compare the AFM data with another technique which can be used on different lipid bilayer model systems such as SLBs and giant unilamellar vesicles. The outcomes here presented highlight the powerful of AFM-based techniques in detecting nanoscale peptide-membrane interactions and strengthen their use as an exceptional complementary tool toin vivoinvestigations. Indeed, the combination of these approaches can help decipher the mechanisms of action of different antimicrobials and lipopeptides at both the micro and nanoscale levels, and to design new and more efficient antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mescola
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Gregorio Ragazzini
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Facci
- CNR-Ibf, Via De Marini 6, I-16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Alessandrini
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
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112
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A new reduced chalcone-derivative affects the membrane permeability and electric potential of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110086. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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113
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Moeinabadi-Bidgoli K, Rezaee M, Rismanchi H, Mohammadi MM, Babajani A. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Anti-Neoplastic Agents: New Insight into Anticancer Mechanisms of Stem Cells and Exosomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:900418. [PMID: 35874827 PMCID: PMC9298847 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.900418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as adult multipotent cells, possess considerable regenerative and anti-neoplastic effects, from inducing apoptosis in the cancer cells to reducing multidrug resistance that bring them up as an appropriate alternative for cancer treatment. These cells can alter the behavior of cancer cells, the condition of the tumor microenvironment, and the activity of immune cells that result in tumor regression. It has been observed that during inflammatory conditions, a well-known feature of the tumor microenvironment, the MSCs produce and release some molecules called “antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)” with demonstrated anti-neoplastic effects. These peptides have remarkable targeted anticancer effects by attaching to the negatively charged membrane of neoplastic cells, disrupting the membrane, and interfering with intracellular pathways. Therefore, AMPs could be considered as a part of the wide-ranging anti-neoplastic effects of MSCs. This review focuses on the possible anti-neoplastic effects of MSCs-derived AMPs and their mechanisms. It also discusses preconditioning approaches and using exosomes to enhance AMP production and delivery from MSCs to cancer cells. Besides, the clinical administration of MSCs-derived AMPs, along with their challenges in clinical practice, were debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Moeinabadi-Bidgoli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastroenterology Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Rismanchi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirhesam Babajani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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114
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An Overview of Biofilm Formation-Combating Strategies and Mechanisms of Action of Antibiofilm Agents. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081110. [PMID: 35892912 PMCID: PMC9394423 DOI: 10.3390/life12081110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation on surfaces via microbial colonization causes infections and has become a major health issue globally. The biofilm lifestyle provides resistance to environmental stresses and antimicrobial therapies. Biofilms can cause several chronic conditions, and effective treatment has become a challenge due to increased antimicrobial resistance. Antibiotics available for treating biofilm-associated infections are generally not very effective and require high doses that may cause toxicity in the host. Therefore, it is essential to study and develop efficient anti-biofilm strategies that can significantly reduce the rate of biofilm-associated healthcare problems. In this context, some effective combating strategies with potential anti-biofilm agents, including plant extracts, peptides, enzymes, lantibiotics, chelating agents, biosurfactants, polysaccharides, organic, inorganic, and metal nanoparticles, etc., have been reviewed to overcome biofilm-associated healthcare problems. From their extensive literature survey, it can be concluded that these molecules with considerable structural alterations might be applied to the treatment of biofilm-associated infections, by evaluating their significant delivery to the target site of the host. To design effective anti-biofilm molecules, it must be assured that the minimum inhibitory concentrations of these anti-biofilm compounds can eradicate biofilm-associated infections without causing toxic effects at a significant rate.
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115
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Host–Bacterial Interactions: Outcomes of Antimicrobial Peptide Applications. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070715. [PMID: 35877918 PMCID: PMC9317001 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial membrane is part of a secretion system which plays an integral role to secrete proteins responsible for cell viability and pathogenicity; pathogenic bacteria, for example, secrete virulence factors and other membrane-associated proteins to invade the host cells through various types of secretion systems (Type I to Type IX). The bacterial membrane can also mediate microbial communities’ communication through quorum sensing (QS), by secreting auto-stimulants to coordinate gene expression. QS plays an important role in regulating various physiological processes, including bacterial biofilm formation while providing increased virulence, subsequently leading to antimicrobial resistance. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria have emerged as a threat to global health, and various strategies targeting QS and biofilm formation have been explored by researchers worldwide. Since the bacterial secretion systems play such a crucial role in host–bacterial interactions, this review intends to outline current understanding of bacterial membrane systems, which may provide new insights for designing approaches aimed at antimicrobials discovery. Various mechanisms pertaining interaction of the bacterial membrane with host cells and antimicrobial agents will be highlighted, as well as the evolution of bacterial membranes in evasion of antimicrobial agents. Finally, the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as a cellular device for bacterial secretion systems will be discussed as emerging potential candidates for the treatment of multidrug resistance infections.
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116
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Yuan C, Zheng X, Liu K, Yuan W, Zhang Y, Mao F, Bao Y. Functional Characterization, Antimicrobial Effects, and Potential Antibacterial Mechanisms of NpHM4, a Derived Peptide of Nautilus pompilius Hemocyanin. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070459. [PMID: 35877752 PMCID: PMC9317327 DOI: 10.3390/md20070459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemocyanins present in the hemolymph of invertebrates are multifunctional proteins that are responsible for oxygen transport and play crucial roles in the immune system. They have also been identified as a source of antimicrobial peptides during infection in mollusks. Hemocyanin has also been identified in the cephalopod ancestor Nautilus, but antimicrobial peptides derived from the hemocyanin of Nautilus pompilius have not been reported. Here, the bactericidal activity of six predicted peptides from N. pompilius hemocyanin and seven mutant peptides was analyzed. Among those peptides, a mutant peptide with 15 amino acids (1RVFAGFLRHGIKRSR15), NpHM4, showed relatively high antibacterial activity. NpHM4 was determined to have typical antimicrobial peptide characteristics, including a positive charge (+5.25) and a high hydrophobic residue ratio (40%), and it was predicted to form an alpha-helical structure. In addition, NpHM4 exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (MBC = 30 μM for Vibrio alginolyticus), with no cytotoxicity to mammalian cells even at a high concentration of 180 µM. Upon contact with V. alginolyticus cells, we confirmed that the bactericidal activity of NpHM4 was coupled with membrane permeabilization, which was further confirmed via ultrastructural images using a scanning electron microscope. Therefore, our study provides a rationalization for the development and optimization of antimicrobial peptide from the cephalopod ancestor Nautilus, paving the way for future novel AMP development with broad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yuan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China; (C.Y.); (X.Z.); (W.Y.)
- Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315604, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China; (C.Y.); (X.Z.); (W.Y.)
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Kunna Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Wenbin Yuan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China; (C.Y.); (X.Z.); (W.Y.)
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Fan Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (Y.B.); Tel.: +86-20-8910-2507 (F.M.)
| | - Yongbo Bao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China; (C.Y.); (X.Z.); (W.Y.)
- Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315604, China
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (Y.B.); Tel.: +86-20-8910-2507 (F.M.)
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117
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Rational Discovery of Antimicrobial Peptides by Means of Artificial Intelligence. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070708. [PMID: 35877911 PMCID: PMC9320227 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide public health problem due to the costs and mortality rates it generates. However, the large pharmaceutical industries have stopped searching for new antibiotics because of their low profitability, given the rapid replacement rates imposed by the increasingly observed resistance acquired by microorganisms. Alternatively, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as potent molecules with a much lower rate of resistance generation. The discovery of these peptides is carried out through extensive in vitro screenings of either rational or non-rational libraries. These processes are tedious and expensive and generate only a few AMP candidates, most of which fail to show the required activity and physicochemical properties for practical applications. This work proposes implementing an artificial intelligence algorithm to reduce the required experimentation and increase the efficiency of high-activity AMP discovery. Our deep learning (DL) model, called AMPs-Net, outperforms the state-of-the-art method by 8.8% in average precision. Furthermore, it is highly accurate to predict the antibacterial and antiviral capacity of a large number of AMPs. Our search led to identifying two unreported antimicrobial motifs and two novel antimicrobial peptides related to them. Moreover, by coupling DL with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we were able to find a multifunctional peptide with promising therapeutic effects. Our work validates our previously proposed pipeline for a more efficient rational discovery of novel AMPs.
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118
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Iannuzo N, Haller YA, McBride M, Mehari S, Lainson JC, Diehnelt CW, Haydel SE. High-Throughput Screening Identifies Synthetic Peptides with Antibacterial Activity against Mycobacterium abscessus and Serum Stability. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23967-23977. [PMID: 35847280 PMCID: PMC9281306 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rise in antibiotic resistance in bacteria has spawned new technological approaches for identifying novel antimicrobials with narrow specificity. Current antibiotic treatment regimens and antituberculosis drugs are not effective in treating Mycobacterium abscessus. Meanwhile, antimicrobial peptides are gaining prominence as alternative antimicrobials due to their specificity toward anionic bacterial membranes, rapid action, and limited development of resistance. To rapidly identify antimicrobial peptide candidates, our group has developed a high-density peptide microarray consisting of 125,000 random synthetic peptides screened for interaction with the mycobacterial cell surface of M. abscessus morphotypes. From the array screening, peptides positive for interaction were synthesized and their antimicrobial activity was validated. Overall, six peptides inhibited the M. abscessus smooth morphotype (IC50 = 1.7 μM for all peptides) and had reduced activity against the M. abscessus rough morphotype (IC50 range: 13-82 μM). Peptides ASU2056 and ASU2060 had minimum inhibitory concentration values of 32 and 8 μM, respectively, against the M. abscessus smooth morphotype. Additionally, ASU2060 (8 μM) was active against Escherichia coli, including multidrug-resistant E. coli clinical isolates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ASU2056 and ASU2060 exhibited no significant hemolytic activity at biologically relevant concentrations, further supporting these peptides as promising therapeutic candidates. Moreover, ASU2060 retained antibacterial activity after preincubation in human serum for 24 h. With antimicrobial resistance on the rise, methods such as those presented here will streamline the peptide discovery process for targeted antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Iannuzo
- School
of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Yannik A. Haller
- School
of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Michelle McBride
- The
Biodesign Institute Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Sabrina Mehari
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - John C. Lainson
- The
Biodesign Institute Center for Innovations in Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Chris W. Diehnelt
- The
Biodesign Institute Center for Innovations in Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Shelley E. Haydel
- School
of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- The
Biodesign Institute Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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119
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Garcia Maset R, Hapeshi A, Hall S, Dalgliesh RM, Harrison F, Perrier S. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity in Host-Mimicking Media and In Vivo Toxicity of Antimicrobial Polymers as Functional Mimics of AMPs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:32855-32868. [PMID: 35819416 PMCID: PMC9335526 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Activity tests for synthetic antimicrobial compounds are often limited to the minimal inhibitory concentration assay using standard media and bacterial strains. In this study, a family of acrylamide copolymers that act as synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides were synthesized and shown to have a disruptive effect on bacterial membranes and structural integrity through microscopy techniques and membrane polarization experiments. The polymers were tested for their antimicrobial properties using media that mimic clinically relevant conditions. Additionally, their activity was compared in two different strains of the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We showed that the medium composition can have an important influence on the polymer activity as there was a considerable reduction in minimal inhibitory concentrations against S. aureus grown in synthetic wound fluid (SWF), and against P. aeruginosa grown in synthetic cystic fibrosis sputum media (SCFM), compared to the concentrations in standard testing media. In contrast, we observed a complete loss of activity against P. aeruginosa in the serum-containing SWF. Finally, we made use of an emerging invertebrate in vivo model, using Galleria mellonella larvae, to assess toxicity of the polymeric antimicrobials, showing a good correlation with cell line toxicity measurements and demonstrating its potential in the evaluation of novel antimicrobial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexia Hapeshi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Stephen Hall
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Robert M. Dalgliesh
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Freya Harrison
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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120
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Masadeh M, Ayyad A, Haddad R, Alsagar M, Alzoubi K, Alrabadi N. Functional and toxicological evaluation of the MAA-41: a novel rationally designed antimicrobial peptide using hybridization and modification methods from LL-37 and BMAP-28. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:2177-2188. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220705150817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Managing bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) and biofilm-forming bacteria is a global health concern. Therefore, enormous efforts were directed toward finding potential alternative antimicrobial agents such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs).
Aim:
We aimed to synthesize a novel modified hybrid peptide designed from natural parents’ peptides with enhanced activity and reduced toxicity profile.
Method:
Rational design was used to hybridize the two antimicrobial peptides, in which the alpha-helical parts of BMAP-28 and LL-37 were combined. Then, several amino acid modifications were applied to generate a modified hybrid peptide named MAA-41. The physicochemical properties were checked using in silico methods. The MAA-41 was evaluated for its antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities. Synergistic studies were performed with five conventional antibiotics. Finally, the cytotoxicity on mammalian cells and the hemolytic activity were assessed.
Results:
The MAA-41 revealed a broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including standard and MDR bacterial strains. The concentration against planktonic cells ranged between 10 and 20 μM with higher potency against Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, the MAA-41 displayed potent activity in eradicating biofilm-forming cells, and the reported MBECs were equal to the MIC values reported for planktonic cells. This new peptide exhibited reduced toxicity profiles against erythrocyte cells but not against Vero cells. Combining MAA-41 peptides with conventional antibiotics improved the antimicrobial activity of the combined agents. Either synergistic or additive effects were shown as a significant decrease in MIC to 0.25 μM.
Conclusion:
This study proposes the validity of a novel peptide (MAA-41) with enhanced antimicrobial activity and reduced toxicity, especially when used as conventional antibiotic combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Masadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, 22110
| | - Afnan Ayyad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, 22110
| | - Razan Haddad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, 22110
| | - Mohammad Alsagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, 22110
| | - Karem Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, 22110
| | - Nasr Alrabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, 22110
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121
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Kim H, Yoo YD, Lee GY. Identification of Bacterial Membrane Selectivity of Romo1-Derived Antimicrobial Peptide AMPR-22 via Molecular Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137404. [PMID: 35806412 PMCID: PMC9266825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The abuse or misuse of antibiotics has caused the emergence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria, rendering most antibiotics ineffective and increasing the mortality rate of patients with bacteremia or sepsis. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are proposed to overcome this problem; however, many AMPs have attenuated antimicrobial activities with hemolytic toxicity in blood. Recently, AMPR-11 and its optimized derivative, AMPR-22, were reported to be potential candidates for the treatment of sepsis with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and low hemolytic toxicity. Here, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to clarify the mechanism of lower hemolytic toxicity and higher efficacy of AMPR-22 at an atomic level. We found four polar residues in AMPR-11 bound to a model mimicking the bacterial inner/outer membranes preferentially over eukaryotic plasma membrane. AMPR-22 whose polar residues were replaced by lysine showed a 2-fold enhanced binding affinity to the bacterial membrane by interacting with bacterial specific lipids (lipid A or cardiolipin) via hydrogen bonds. The MD simulations were confirmed experimentally in models that partially mimic bacteremia conditions in vitro and ex vivo. The present study demonstrates why AMPR-22 showed low hemolytic toxicity and this approach using an MD simulation would be helpful in the development of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Young Do Yoo
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.D.Y.); (G.Y.L.)
| | - Gi Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.D.Y.); (G.Y.L.)
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122
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Suganya T, Packiavathy IASV, Aseervatham GSB, Carmona A, Rashmi V, Mariappan S, Devi NR, Ananth DA. Tackling Multiple-Drug-Resistant Bacteria With Conventional and Complex Phytochemicals. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:883839. [PMID: 35846771 PMCID: PMC9280687 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.883839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging antibiotic resistance in bacteria endorses the failure of existing drugs with chronic illness, complicated treatment, and ever-increasing expenditures. Bacteria acquire the nature to adapt to starving conditions, abiotic stress, antibiotics, and our immune defense mechanism due to its swift evolution. The intense and inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of bacteria. Phytochemicals can be used as an alternative for complementing antibiotics due to their variation in metabolic, genetic, and physiological fronts as well as the rapid evolution of resistant microbes and lack of tactile management. Several phytochemicals from diverse groups, including alkaloids, phenols, coumarins, and terpenes, have effectively proved their inhibitory potential against MDR pathogens through their counter-action towards bacterial membrane proteins, efflux pumps, biofilms, and bacterial cell-to-cell communications, which are important factors in promoting the emergence of drug resistance. Plant extracts consist of a complex assortment of phytochemical elements, against which the development of bacterial resistance is quite deliberate. This review emphasizes the antibiotic resistance mechanisms of bacteria, the reversal mechanism of antibiotic resistance by phytochemicals, the bioactive potential of phytochemicals against MDR, and the scientific evidence on molecular, biochemical, and clinical aspects to treat bacterial pathogenesis in humans. Moreover, clinical efficacy, trial, safety, toxicity, and affordability investigations, current status and developments, related demands, and future prospects are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangaiyan Suganya
- Department of Microbiology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - G. Smilin Bell Aseervatham
- Post Graduate Research Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Areanna Carmona
- Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Science Center of El Paso, Texas, TX, United States
| | - Vijayaragavan Rashmi
- National Repository for Microalgae and Cyanobacteria (NRMC)- Marine, National Facility for Marine Cyanobacteria, (Sponsored by Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | | | | | - Devanesan Arul Ananth
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India
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123
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Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles: A Biomimetic Tool to Gain Mechanistic Insights into Peptide-Lipid Interactions. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070673. [PMID: 35877876 PMCID: PMC9324301 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Functional peptides are now widely used in a myriad of biomedical and clinical contexts, from cancer therapy and tumor targeting to the treatment of bacterial and viral infections. Underlying this diverse range of applications are the non-specific interactions that can occur between peptides and cell membranes, which, in many contexts, result in spontaneous internalization of the peptide within cells by avoiding energy-driven endocytosis. For this to occur, the amphipathicity and surface structural flexibility of the peptides play a crucial role and can be regulated by the presence of specific molecular residues that give rise to precise molecular events. Nevertheless, most of the mechanistic details regulating the encounter between peptides and the membranes of bacterial or animal cells are still poorly understood, thus greatly limiting the biomimetic potential of these therapeutic molecules. In this arena, finely engineered nanomaterials—such as small amphiphilic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) protected by a mixed thiol monolayer—can provide a powerful tool for mimicking and investigating the physicochemical processes underlying peptide-lipid interactions. Within this perspective, we present here a critical review of membrane effects induced by both amphiphilic AuNPs and well-known amphiphilic peptide families, such as cell-penetrating peptides and antimicrobial peptides. Our discussion is focused particularly on the effects provoked on widely studied model cell membranes, such as supported lipid bilayers and lipid vesicles. Remarkable similarities in the peptide or nanoparticle membrane behavior are critically analyzed. Overall, our work provides an overview of the use of amphiphilic AuNPs as a highly promising tailor-made model to decipher the molecular events behind non-specific peptide-lipid interactions and highlights the main affinities observed both theoretically and experimentally. The knowledge resulting from this biomimetic approach could pave the way for the design of synthetic peptides with tailored functionalities for next-generation biomedical applications, such as highly efficient intracellular delivery systems.
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Shen C, Lin Y, Mohammadi TN, Masuda Y, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Characterization of novel antimicrobial peptides designed on the basis of amino acid sequence of peptides from egg white hydrolysate. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 378:109802. [PMID: 35752018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is one of the most prevalent foodborne pathogens responsible for food poisoning and is spread through the consumption of contaminated poultry products. In this study, four antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with varying hydrophobicity and helical structure-forming tendencies were designed and synthesized based on the amino acid sequences of peptides from egg white hydrolysate. Two of these AMPs, P1R3 (KSWKKHVVSGFFLR) and P1C (KSWKKHVVSGFFLRLWVHKK), exhibited inhibitory activity against S. Typhimurium and compromised its biofilm-forming ability. Investigation of their modes of action revealed that P1R3 and P1C interact with and permeabilize the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, leading to membrane potential dissipation, damage to membrane integrity, and consequent bacterial death. P1R3 also bound to S. Typhimurium DNA, resulting in DNA aggregation or precipitation. Moreover, both peptides showed negligible cytotoxicity to Vero cells, and P1C displayed significant antimicrobial activity in chicken meat. Peptides P1R3 and P1C, therefore, have the potential to be developed as promising food preservatives, especially against pathogenic S. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunkuan Shen
- College of Biological and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yunzhi Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tahir Noor Mohammadi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Masuda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Honjoh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahisa Miyamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Parchebafi A, Tamanaee F, Ehteram H, Ahmad E, Nikzad H, Haddad Kashani H. The dual interaction of antimicrobial peptides on bacteria and cancer cells; mechanism of action and therapeutic strategies of nanostructures. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:118. [PMID: 35717207 PMCID: PMC9206340 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infection and cancer are two leading causes of global mortality. Discovering and developing new therapeutics with better specificity having minimal side-effects and no drug resistance are of an immense need. In this regard, cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMP) with dual antimicrobial and anticancer activities are the ultimate choice. For better efficacy and improved stability, the AMPs available for treatment still required to be modified. There are several strategies in which AMPs can be enhanced through, for instance, nano-carrier application with high selectivity and specificity enables researchers to estimate the rate of drug delivery to a particular tissue. In this review we present the biology and modes of action of AMPs for both anticancer and antimicrobial activities as well as some modification strategies to improve the efficacy and selectivity of these AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Parchebafi
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Tamanaee
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hassan Ehteram
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Haddad Kashani
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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126
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Ting DSJ, Mohammed I, Lakshminarayanan R, Beuerman RW, Dua HS. Host Defense Peptides at the Ocular Surface: Roles in Health and Major Diseases, and Therapeutic Potentials. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:835843. [PMID: 35783647 PMCID: PMC9243558 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.835843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sight is arguably the most important sense in human. Being constantly exposed to the environmental stress, irritants and pathogens, the ocular surface – a specialized functional and anatomical unit composed of tear film, conjunctival and corneal epithelium, lacrimal glands, meibomian glands, and nasolacrimal drainage apparatus – serves as a crucial front-line defense of the eye. Host defense peptides (HDPs), also known as antimicrobial peptides, are evolutionarily conserved molecular components of innate immunity that are found in all classes of life. Since the first discovery of lysozyme in 1922, a wide range of HDPs have been identified at the ocular surface. In addition to their antimicrobial activity, HDPs are increasingly recognized for their wide array of biological functions, including anti-biofilm, immunomodulation, wound healing, and anti-cancer properties. In this review, we provide an updated review on: (1) spectrum and expression of HDPs at the ocular surface; (2) participation of HDPs in ocular surface diseases/conditions such as infectious keratitis, conjunctivitis, dry eye disease, keratoconus, allergic eye disease, rosacea keratitis, and post-ocular surgery; (3) HDPs that are currently in the development pipeline for treatment of ocular diseases and infections; and (4) future potential of HDP-based clinical pharmacotherapy for ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Shu Jeng Ting
- Academic Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Darren Shu Jeng Ting
| | - Imran Mohammed
- Academic Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roger W. Beuerman
- Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Harminder S. Dua
- Academic Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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127
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Lima AM, Azevedo MIG, Sousa LM, Oliveira NS, Andrade CR, Freitas CDT, Souza PFN. Plant antimicrobial peptides: An overview about classification, toxicity and clinical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:10-21. [PMID: 35700843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides, also known as AMPs, are cationic and amphipathic molecules found in all living organisms, composing part of the defense mechanisms against various pathogens, including fungi, viruses, bacteria, and nematodes. AMPs derived from plants are the focus of this review because they have gained attention as alternative molecules to overcome pathogen resistance as well as new drugs to combat cancer. Plant AMPs are generally classified based on their sequences and structures, as thionins, defensins, hevein-like peptides, knottins, stable-like peptides, lipid transfer proteins, snakins, and cyclotides. Although there are studies reporting the toxicity of plant AMPs to nontarget cells or limitations of oral administration, synthetic AMPs with reduced toxicity or allergenicity, or greater resistance to peptidases can be designed by using different bioinformatics tools. Thus, this review provides information about the classification of plant AMPs, their characteristics, mechanisms of action, hemolytic and cytotoxic potential, possible applications in the medical field, and finally, the use of bioinformatics to help design synthetic AMPs with improved features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne M Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mayara I G Azevedo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lyndefania M Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Nayara S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Christus University Center, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Claudia R Andrade
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Christus University Center, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cleverson D T Freitas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Pedro F N Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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128
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Popella L, Jung J, Do PT, Hayward RJ, Barquist L, Vogel J. Comprehensive analysis of PNA-based antisense antibiotics targeting various essential genes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:6435-6452. [PMID: 35687096 PMCID: PMC9226493 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisense peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) that target mRNAs of essential bacterial genes exhibit specific bactericidal effects in several microbial species, but our mechanistic understanding of PNA activity and their target gene spectrum is limited. Here, we present a systematic analysis of PNAs targeting 11 essential genes with varying expression levels in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). We demonstrate that UPEC is susceptible to killing by peptide-conjugated PNAs, especially when targeting the widely-used essential gene acpP. Our evaluation yields three additional promising target mRNAs for effective growth inhibition, i.e.dnaB, ftsZ and rpsH. The analysis also shows that transcript abundance does not predict target vulnerability and that PNA-mediated growth inhibition is not universally associated with target mRNA depletion. Global transcriptomic analyses further reveal PNA sequence-dependent but also -independent responses, including the induction of envelope stress response pathways. Importantly, we show that 9mer PNAs are generally as effective in inhibiting bacterial growth as their 10mer counterparts. Overall, our systematic comparison of a range of PNAs targeting mRNAs of different essential genes in UPEC suggests important features for PNA design, reveals a general bacterial response to PNA conjugates and establishes the feasibility of using PNA antibacterials to combat UPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Popella
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, D-97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Jung
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, D-97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Phuong Thao Do
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), D-97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Regan J Hayward
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), D-97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lars Barquist
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), D-97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Würzburg, D-97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Vogel
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, D-97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), D-97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Würzburg, D-97080, Würzburg, Germany
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129
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Peptide Conjugates Derived from flg15, Pep13, and PIP1 That Are Active against Plant-Pathogenic Bacteria and Trigger Plant Defense Responses. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0057422. [PMID: 35638842 PMCID: PMC9238401 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00574-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty peptide conjugates were designed by combining an antimicrobial peptide (BP16, BP100, BP143, KSL-W, BP387, or BP475) at the N- or C-terminus of a plant defense elicitor peptide (flg15, BP13, Pep13, or PIP1). These conjugates were highly active in vitro against six plant-pathogenic bacteria, especially against Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni, Xanthomonas fragariae and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria. The most active peptides were those incorporating Pep13. The order of the conjugation influenced the antibacterial activity and the hemolysis. Regarding the former, peptide conjugates incorporating the elicitor peptide flg15 or Pep13 at the C-terminus were, in general, more active against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and P. syringae pv. syringae, whereas those bearing these elicitor peptides at the N-terminus displayed higher activity against Erwinia. amylovora and the Xanthomonas species. The best peptide conjugates displayed MIC values between 0.8 and 12.5 μM against all the bacteria tested and also had low levels of hemolysis and low phytotoxicity. Analysis of the structural and physicochemical parameters revealed that a positive charge ranging from +5 to +7 and a moderate hydrophobic moment/amphipathic character is required for an optimal biological profile. Interestingly, flg15-BP475 exhibited a dual activity, causing the upregulation of the same genes as flg15 and reducing the severity of bacterial spot in tomato plants with a similar or even higher efficacy than copper oxychloride. Characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of the secondary structure of flg15-BP475 showed that residues 10 to 25 fold into an α-helix. This study establishes trends to design new bifunctional peptides useful against plant diseases caused by plant-pathogenic bacteria. IMPORTANCE The consequences of plant pathogens on crop production together with the lack of effective and environmentally friendly pesticides evidence the need of new agents to control plant diseases. Antimicrobial and plant defense elicitor peptides have emerged as good candidates to tackle this problem. This study focused on combining these two types of peptides into a single conjugate with the aim to potentiate the activity of the individual fragments. Differences in the biological activity of the resulting peptide conjugates were obtained depending on their charge, amphipathicity, and hydrophobicity, as well as on the order of the conjugation of the monomers. This work provided bifunctional peptide conjugates able to inhibit several plant-pathogenic bacteria, to stimulate plant defense responses, and to reduce the severity of bacterial spot in tomato plants. Thus, this study could serve as the basis for the development of new antibacterial/plant defense elicitor peptides to control bacterial plant pathogens.
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130
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Ahn B, Jeon H, Cho HS, Nagasundarapandian S, Park C. Sequence polymorphisms of PR39 cathelicidins and extensive copy variations in commercial pig breeds. Gene 2022; 822:146323. [PMID: 35181502 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Copy number polymorphisms (CNPs) of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in livestock can influence the innate immune response of individuals. We conducted a high-resolution analysis of the genomic variations of porcine cathelicidin PR39 using cloned PR39 amplicons corresponding to the 5' untranslated region (UTR) to 3' UTR from four individuals of three different pig breeds. We identified 15 different sequences corresponding to 9 different coding domain sequences (CDSs), encoding 7 different protein sequences consisting of 3 functional and 4 non-functional forms. Subsequently, we developed a PR39 CNP typing method using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed the PR39 copy numbers from 44 pigs of six breeds. Significant variations in PR39 copies ranging from 2 to 10 copies, with a mean copy number of 5, were observed among all commercial breeds, except the wild boar. Among the different breeds, the PR39 copy number was highest (10) in Korean native pigs. Gene expression analysis showed that PR39 expression was correlated with the copy number. Moreover, the comparative analysis of the cathelicidin cluster-containing region among eight mammalian species showed the complete evolutionary conservation of the region, except for differences in the degree of cathelicidin expansion in each species. Therefore, characterization of CNPs in AMP genes could aid in improving the genetic potential of innate immune responses in livestock animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongyong Ahn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoim Jeon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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131
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Biosynthesis, Molecular Regulation, and Application of Bacilysin Produced by Bacillus Species. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050397. [PMID: 35629901 PMCID: PMC9147277 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes produce a diverse range of secondary metabolites in response to various environmental factors and interspecies competition. This enables them to become superior in a particular environment. Bacilysin, a dipeptide antibiotic produced by Bacillus species, is active against a broad range of microorganisms. Because of its simple structure and excellent mode of action, i.e., through the inhibition of glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase, it has drawn the attention of researchers. In addition, it acts as a pleiotropic signaling molecule that affects different cellular activities. However, all Bacillus species are not capable of producing bacilysin. The biosynthesis of bacilysin by Bacillus species is not uniform throughout the population; specificity and heterogeneity at both the strain and species levels has been observed. This review discusses how bacilysin is biosynthesized by Bacillus species, the regulators of its biosynthesis, its importance in the host, and the abiotic factors affecting bacilysin production.
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132
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Zavistanaviciute P, Zokaityte E, Starkute V, Ruzauskas M, Viskelis P, Bartkiene E. Berry By-Products in Combination with Antimicrobial Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains for the Sustainable Formulation of Chewing Candies. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091177. [PMID: 35563900 PMCID: PMC9102268 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to develop formulations of chewing candies (CCs) in a sustainable manner by using berry by-products in combination with antimicrobial lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains. To implement this aim, the optimal quantities of by-products from lyophilised raspberry (Rasp) and blackcurrant (Bcur) from the juice production industry were selected. Prior to use, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LUHS135, Liquorilactobacillusuvarum LUHS245, Lacticaseibacillusparacasei LUHS244, and Pediococcus acidilactici LUHS29 strains were multiplied in a dairy industry by-product-milk permeate (MP). The antimicrobial activity of the selected ingredients (berry by-products and LAB) was evaluated. Two texture-forming agents were tested for the CC formulations: gelatin (Gl) and agar (Ag). In addition, sugar was replaced with xylitol. The most appropriate formulation of the developed CCs according to the product's texture, colour, total phenolic compound (TPC) content, antioxidant activity, viable LAB count during storage, overall acceptability (OA), and emotions (EMs) induced in consumers was selected. It was established that the tested LAB inhibited three pathogens out of the 11 tested, while the blackcurrant by-products inhibited all 11 tested pathogens. The highest OA was shown for the CC prepared with gelatin in addition to 5 g of Rasp and 5 g of Bcur by-products. The Rasp and LUHS135 formulation showed the highest TPC content (147.16 mg 100 g-1 d.m.), antioxidant activity (88.2%), and LAB count after 24 days of storage (6.79 log10 CFU g-1). Finally, it was concluded that Gl, Rasp and Bcur by-products, and L. plantarum LUHS135 multiplied in MP are promising ingredients for preparing CCs in a sustainable manner; the best CC formula consisted of Gl, Rasp by-products, and LUHS135 and showed the highest OA (score 9.52) and induced the highest intensity of the EM 'happy' (0.231).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Zavistanaviciute
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.Z.); (V.S.); (E.B.)
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-655-06461
| | - Egle Zokaityte
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.Z.); (V.S.); (E.B.)
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytaute Starkute
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.Z.); (V.S.); (E.B.)
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Modestas Ruzauskas
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Pranas Viskelis
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania;
| | - Elena Bartkiene
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.Z.); (V.S.); (E.B.)
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Polymeric Coatings and Antimicrobial Peptides as Efficient Systems for Treating Implantable Medical Devices Associated-Infections. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081611. [PMID: 35458361 PMCID: PMC9024559 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many infections are associated with the use of implantable medical devices. The excessive utilization of antibiotic treatment has resulted in the development of antimicrobial resistance. Consequently, scientists have recently focused on conceiving new ways for treating infections with a longer duration of action and minimum environmental toxicity. One approach in infection control is based on the development of antimicrobial coatings based on polymers and antimicrobial peptides, also termed as “natural antibiotics”.
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134
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Grant TM, Rennison D, Krause AL, Mros S, Ferguson SA, Cook GM, Cameron A, Arabshahi HJ, Brimble MA, Cahill P, Svenson J. Stereochemical Effects on the Antimicrobial Properties of Tetrasubstituted 2,5-Diketopiperazines. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:632-640. [PMID: 35450374 PMCID: PMC9014430 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial drug resistance is a looming health crisis facing us in the modern era, and new drugs are urgently needed to combat this growing problem. Synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides have recently emerged as a promising class of compounds for the treatment of persistent microbial infections. In the current study, we investigate five cyclic N-alkylated amphiphilic 2,5-diketopiperazines against 15 different strains of bacteria and fungi, including drug-resistant clinical isolates. Several of the 2,5-diketopiperazines displayed activities similar or superior to antibiotics currently in clinical use, with activities coupled to both the cationic and hydrophobic substituents. All possible stereoisomers of the lead peptide were prepared, and the effects of stereochemistry and amphiphilicity were investigated via 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, solution dynamics, and membrane interaction modeling. Clear differences in solution structures and membrane interaction potentials explain the differences seen in the bioactivity and physicochemical properties of each stereoisomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Grant
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - David Rennison
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Alexandra L. Krause
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Sonya Mros
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Scott A. Ferguson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Gregory M. Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Alan Cameron
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Homayon J. Arabshahi
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Patrick Cahill
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
| | - Johan Svenson
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
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135
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Kao YT, Calabrese S, Borst N, Lehnert M, Lai YK, Schlenker F, Juelg P, Zengerle R, Garstecki P, von Stetten F. Microfluidic One-Pot Digital Droplet FISH Using LNA/DNA Molecular Beacons for Bacteria Detection and Absolute Quantification. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040237. [PMID: 35448297 PMCID: PMC9032532 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate detection and quantification of bacterial load with a novel microfluidic one-pot wash-free fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay in droplets. The method offers minimal manual workload by only requiring mixing of the sample with reagents and loading it into a microfluidic cartridge. By centrifugal microfluidic step emulsification, our method partitioned the sample into 210 pL (73 µm in diameter) droplets for bacterial encapsulation followed by in situ permeabilization, hybridization, and signal detection. Employing locked nucleic acid (LNA)/DNA molecular beacons (LNA/DNA MBs) and NaCl-urea based hybridization buffer, the assay was characterized with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Proteus mirabilis. The assay performed with single-cell sensitivity, a 4-log dynamic range from a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) at ~3 × 103 bacteria/mL to an upper limit of quantification (ULOQ) at ~3 × 107 bacteria/mL, anda linearity R2 = 0.976. The total time-to-results for detection and quantification was around 1.5 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Kao
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.-T.K.); (N.B.); (Y.-K.L.); (R.Z.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Silvia Calabrese
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.); (M.L.); (F.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Nadine Borst
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.-T.K.); (N.B.); (Y.-K.L.); (R.Z.)
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.); (M.L.); (F.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Michael Lehnert
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.); (M.L.); (F.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Yu-Kai Lai
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.-T.K.); (N.B.); (Y.-K.L.); (R.Z.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland;
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.); (M.L.); (F.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Franziska Schlenker
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.); (M.L.); (F.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Peter Juelg
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.); (M.L.); (F.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.-T.K.); (N.B.); (Y.-K.L.); (R.Z.)
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.); (M.L.); (F.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Piotr Garstecki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Felix von Stetten
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.-T.K.); (N.B.); (Y.-K.L.); (R.Z.)
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.); (M.L.); (F.S.); (P.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-203-73243
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136
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Saeed SI, Mergani A, Aklilu E, Kamaruzzaman NF. Antimicrobial Peptides: Bringing Solution to the Rising Threats of Antimicrobial Resistance in Livestock. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:851052. [PMID: 35464355 PMCID: PMC9024325 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.851052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial therapy is the most applied method for treating and preventing bacterial infection in livestock. However, it becomes less effective due to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new antimicrobials to reduce the rising rate of AMR. Recently, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been receiving increasing attention due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, rapid killing activities, less toxicity, and cell selectivity. These features make them potent and potential alternative antimicrobials to be used in animals. Here, we discuss and summarize the AMPs in animals, classification, structures, mechanisms of action, and their potential use as novel therapeutic alternative antimicrobials to tackle the growing AMR threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsaldeen Ibrahim Saeed
- Faculty Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Malaysia
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, Nyala, Sudan
- *Correspondence: Shamsaldeen Ibrahim Saeed
| | - AhmedElmontaser Mergani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Erkihun Aklilu
- Faculty Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadhilah Kamaruzzaman
- Faculty Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Malaysia
- Nor Fadhilah Kamaruzzaman
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137
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Klubthawee N, Bovone G, Marco‐Dufort B, Guzzi EA, Aunpad R, Tibbitt MW. Biopolymer Nano-Network for Antimicrobial Peptide Protection and Local Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101426. [PMID: 34936732 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) develops when bacteria no longer respond to conventional antimicrobial treatment. The limited treatment options for resistant infections result in a significantly increased medical burden. Antimicrobial peptides offer advantages for treatment of resistant infections, including broad-spectrum activity and lower risk of resistance development. However, sensitivity to proteolytic cleavage often limits their clinical application. Here, a moldable and biodegradable colloidal nano-network is presented that protects bioactive peptides from enzymatic degradation and delivers them locally. An antimicrobial peptide, PA-13, is encapsulated electrostatically into positively and negatively charged nanoparticles made of chitosan and dextran sulfate without requiring chemical modification. Mixing and concentration of oppositely charged particles form a nano-network with the rheological properties of a cream or injectable hydrogel. After exposure to proteolytic enzymes, the formed nano-network loaded with PA-13 eliminates Pseudomonas aeruginosa during in vitro culture and in an ex vivo porcine skin model while the unencapsulated PA-13 shows no antibacterial effect. This demonstrates the ability of the nano-network to protect the antimicrobial peptide in an enzyme-challenged environment, such as a wound bed. Overall, the nano-network presents a useful platform for antimicrobial peptide protection and delivery without impacting peptide bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthaporn Klubthawee
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Thammasat University Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Giovanni Bovone
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering ETH Zurich Zurich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Bruno Marco‐Dufort
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering ETH Zurich Zurich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Elia A. Guzzi
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering ETH Zurich Zurich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Ratchaneewan Aunpad
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Thammasat University Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Mark W. Tibbitt
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering ETH Zurich Zurich 8092 Switzerland
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138
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Maleki Dizaj S, Salatin S, Khezri K, Lee JY, Lotfipour F. Targeting Multidrug Resistance With Antimicrobial Peptide-Decorated Nanoparticles and Polymers. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:831655. [PMID: 35432230 PMCID: PMC9009044 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.831655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
As a category of small peptides frequently found in nature, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute a major part of the innate immune system of various organisms. Antimicrobial peptides feature various inhibitory effects against fungi, bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Due to the increasing concerns of antibiotic resistance among microorganisms, development of antimicrobial peptides is an emerging tool as a favorable applicability prospect in food, medicine, aquaculture, animal husbandry, and agriculture. This review presents the latest research progress made in the field of antimicrobial peptides, such as their mechanism of action, classification, application status, design techniques, and a review on decoration of nanoparticles and polymers with AMPs that are used in treating multidrug resistance. Lastly, we will highlight recent progress in antiviral peptides to treat emerging viral diseases (e.g., anti-coronavirus peptides) and discuss the outlook of AMP applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Salatin
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Khezri
- Deputy of Food and Drug Administration, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Jyh-Yeuan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Farzaneh Lotfipour
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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139
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Farajnia S, Rahbarnia L, Khajehnasiri N, Zarredar H. Design of a hybrid peptide derived from Melittin and CXCL14 –C17: A molecular dynamics simulation study. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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140
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Ramazi S, Mohammadi N, Allahverdi A, Khalili E, Abdolmaleki P. A review on antimicrobial peptides databases and the computational tools. Database (Oxford) 2022; 2022:6550847. [PMID: 35305010 PMCID: PMC9216472 DOI: 10.1093/database/baac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) have been considered as potential alternatives for infection therapeutics since antibiotic resistance has been raised as a global problem. The AMPs are a group of natural peptides that play a crucial role in the immune system in various organisms AMPs have features such as a short length and efficiency against microbes. Importantly, they have represented low toxicity in mammals which makes them potential candidates for peptide-based drugs. Nevertheless, the discovery of AMPs is accompanied by several issues which are associated with labour-intensive and time-consuming wet-lab experiments. During the last decades, numerous studies have been conducted on the investigation of AMPs, either natural or synthetic type, and relevant data are recently available in many databases. Through the advancement of computational methods, a great number of AMP data are obtained from publicly accessible databanks, which are valuable resources for mining patterns to design new models for AMP prediction. However, due to the current flaws in assessing computational methods, more interrogations are warranted for accurate evaluation/analysis. Considering the diversity of AMPs and newly reported ones, an improvement in Machine Learning algorithms are crucial. In this review, we aim to provide valuable information about different types of AMPs, their mechanism of action and a landscape of current databases and computational tools as resources to collect AMPs and beneficial tools for the prediction and design of a computational model for new active AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Ramazi
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, Tehran 14115-111, Iran
| | - Neda Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway, Tehran 1449614535, Iran,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Biomedical Center, Venusberg Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Abdollah Allahverdi
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, Tehran 14115-111, Iran
| | - Elham Khalili
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, Tehran 14115-111, Iran
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141
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Caraway HE, Lau JZ, Maron B, Oh MW, Belo Y, Brill A, Malach E, Ismail N, Hayouka Z, Lau GW. Antimicrobial Random Peptide Mixtures Eradicate Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilms and Inhibit Mouse Models of Infection. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030413. [PMID: 35326876 PMCID: PMC8944503 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest crises in human medicine. Increased incidents of antibiotic resistance are linked to clinical overuse and overreliance on antibiotics. Among the ESKAPE pathogens, Acinetobacter baumannii, especially carbapenem-resistant isolates, has emerged as a significant threat in the context of blood, urinary tract, lung, and wound infections. Therefore, new approaches that limit the emergence of antibiotic resistant A. baumannii are urgently needed. Recently, we have shown that random peptide mixtures (RPMs) are an attractive alternative class of drugs to antibiotics with strong safety and pharmacokinetic profiles. RPMs are antimicrobial peptide mixtures produced by incorporating two amino acids at each coupling step, rendering them extremely diverse but still defined in their overall composition, chain length, and stereochemistry. The extreme diversity of RPMs may prevent bacteria from evolving resistance rapidly. Here, we demonstrated that RPMs rapidly and efficiently kill different strains of A. baumannii, inhibit biofilm formation, and disrupt mature biofilms. Importantly, RPMs attenuated bacterial burden in mouse models of acute pneumonia and soft tissue infection and significantly reduced mouse mortality during sepsis. Collectively, our results demonstrate RPMs have the potential to be used as powerful therapeutics against antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Caraway
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (H.E.C.); (J.Z.L.); (M.W.O.)
| | - Jonathan Z. Lau
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (H.E.C.); (J.Z.L.); (M.W.O.)
| | - Bar Maron
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (B.M.); (Y.B.); (A.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Myung Whan Oh
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (H.E.C.); (J.Z.L.); (M.W.O.)
| | - Yael Belo
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (B.M.); (Y.B.); (A.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Aya Brill
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (B.M.); (Y.B.); (A.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Einav Malach
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (B.M.); (Y.B.); (A.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Nahed Ismail
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Zvi Hayouka
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (B.M.); (Y.B.); (A.B.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (G.W.L.)
| | - Gee W. Lau
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (H.E.C.); (J.Z.L.); (M.W.O.)
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (G.W.L.)
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142
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Heselpoth RD, Euler CW, Fischetti VA. PaP1, a Broad-Spectrum Lysin-Derived Cationic Peptide to Treat Polymicrobial Skin Infections. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:817228. [PMID: 35369520 PMCID: PMC8965563 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.817228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most skin infections, including those complicating burns, are polymicrobial involving multiple causative bacteria. Add to this the fact that many of these organisms may be antibiotic-resistant, and a simple skin lesion or burn could soon become life-threatening. Membrane-acting cationic peptides from Gram-negative bacteriophage lysins can potentially aid in addressing the urgent need for alternative therapeutics. Such peptides natively constitute an amphipathic region within the structural composition of these lysins and function to permit outer membrane permeabilization in Gram-negative bacteria when added externally. This consequently allows the lysin to access and degrade the peptidoglycan substrate, resulting in rapid hypotonic lysis and bacterial death. When separated from the lysin, some of these cationic peptides kill sensitive bacteria more effectively than the native molecule via both outer and cytoplasmic membrane disruption. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial properties of a modified cationic peptide from the broad-acting lysin PlyPa01. The peptide, termed PaP1, exhibited potent in vitro bactericidal activity toward numerous high priority Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, including all the antibiotic-resistant ESKAPE pathogens. Both planktonic and biofilm-state bacteria were sensitive to the peptide, and results from time-kill assays revealed PaP1 kills bacteria on contact. The peptide was bactericidal over a wide temperature and pH range and could withstand autoclaving without loss of activity. However, high salt concentrations and complex matrices were found to be largely inhibitory, limiting its use to topical applications. Importantly, unlike other membrane-acting antimicrobials, PaP1 lacked cytotoxicity toward human cells. Results from a murine burn wound infection model using methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa validated the in vivo antibacterial efficacy of PaP1. In these studies, the peptide enhanced the potency of topical antibiotics used clinically for treating chronic wound infections. Despite the necessity for additional preclinical drug development, the collective data from our study support PaP1 as a potential broad-spectrum monotherapy or adjunctive therapy for the topical treatment of polymicrobial infections and provide a foundation for engineering future lysin-derived peptides with improved antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Heselpoth
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Ryan D. Heselpoth,
| | - Chad W. Euler
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hunter College, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vincent A. Fischetti
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
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143
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In Vitro & In Vivo Studies on Identifying and Designing Temporin-1CEh from the Skin Secretion of Rana chensinensis as the Optimised Antibacterial Prototype Drug. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030604. [PMID: 35335979 PMCID: PMC8949600 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphibian skin secretion is an ideal source of antimicrobial peptides that are difficult to induce drug resistance to due to their membrane-targeting mechanism as a new treatment scheme. In this study, a natural antimicrobial peptide Temporin-1CEh was identified by molecular cloning and mass spectrometry from the skin secretions of the Chinese forest frog (Rana chensinensis). Through the study of the structure and biological activity, it was found that Temporin-1CEh was a helical peptide from the Temporin family, and possessed good anti-Gram-positive bacteria activity through the mechanism of membrane destruction. Seven analogues were further designed to obtain broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and higher stability in different physiological conditions. The results showed that T1CEh-KKPWW showed potent antibacterial activity with significantly increasing the activity against Gram-negative bacteria in vitro and in vivo with low haemolysis. In addition, T1CEh-KKPWW2 showed high sensitivity to the pH, serum or salts conditions, which applied a branched structure to allow the active units of the peptide to accumulate. Even though the haemolytic activity was increased, the stable antibacterial activity made this novel analogue meet the conditions to become a potential candidate in future antimicrobial and antibiofilm applications.
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144
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Zhang C, Yang M. Antimicrobial Peptides: From Design to Clinical Application. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030349. [PMID: 35326812 PMCID: PMC8944448 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli, brings public health issues and causes economic burden. Pathogenic bacteria develop several methods to resist antibiotic killing or inhibition, such as mutation of antibiotic function sites, activation of drug efflux pumps, and enzyme-mediated drug degradation. Antibiotic resistance components can be transferred between bacteria by mobile genetic elements including plasmids, transposons, and integrons, as well as bacteriophages. The development of antibiotic resistance limits the treatment options for bacterial infection, especially for MDR bacteria. Therefore, novel or alternative antibacterial agents are urgently needed. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) display multiple killing mechanisms against bacterial infections, including directly bactericidal activity and immunomodulatory function, as potential alternatives to antibiotics. In this review, the development of antibiotic resistance, the killing mechanisms of AMPs, and especially, the design, optimization, and delivery of AMPs are reviewed. Strategies such as structural change, amino acid substitution, conjugation with cell-penetration peptide, terminal acetylation and amidation, and encapsulation with nanoparticles will improve the antimicrobial efficacy, reduce toxicity, and accomplish local delivery of AMPs. In addition, clinical trials in AMP studies or applications of AMPs within the last five years were summarized. Overall, AMPs display diverse mechanisms of action against infection of pathogenic bacteria, and future research studies and clinical investigations will accelerate AMP application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunye Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Correspondence:
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145
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Islam MA, Karim A, Ethiraj B, Raihan T, Kadier A. Antimicrobial peptides: Promising alternatives over conventional capture ligands for biosensor-based detection of pathogenic bacteria. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 55:107901. [PMID: 34974156 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The detection of pathogenic bacteria using biosensing techniques could be a potential alternative to traditional culture based methods. However, the low specificity and sensitivity of conventional biosensors, critically related to the choice of bio-recognition elements, limit their practical applicability. Mammalian antibodies have been widely investigated as biorecognition ligands due to high specificity and technological advancement in antibody production. However, antibody-based biosensors are not considered as an efficient approach due to the batch-to-batch inconsistencies as well as low stability. In recent years, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been increasingly investigated as ligands as they have demonstrated high stability and possessed multiple sites for capturing bacteria. The conjugation of chemo-selective groups with AMPs has allowed effective immobilization of peptides on biosensor surface. However, the specificity of AMPs is a major concern for consideration as an efficient ligand. In this article, we have reviewed the advances and concerns, particularly the selectivity of AMPs for specific detection of pathogenic bacteria. This review also focuses the state-of-the-art mechanisms, challenges and prospects for designing potential AMP conjugated biosensors. The application of AMP in different biosensing transducers such as electrochemical, optical and piezoelectric varieties has been widely discussed. We argue that this review would provide insights to design and construct AMP conjugated biosensors for the pathogenic bacteria detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Amirul Islam
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Technological Innovation (3IT), CNRS UMI-3463, Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors and Photon-based BioNanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 3000, boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 0A5, Canada.
| | - Ahasanul Karim
- Department of Soil Sciences and Agri-Food Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Baranitharan Ethiraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Topu Raihan
- Deapartment of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal, University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
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146
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Kumar K, Sebastiao M, Arnold AA, Bourgault S, Warschawski DE, Marcotte I. IN SITU SOLID-STATE NMR STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE INTERACTIONs WITH ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES. Biophys J 2022; 121:1512-1524. [PMID: 35278426 PMCID: PMC9072582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are promising therapeutic agents to mitigate the global rise of antibiotic resistance. They generally act by perturbing the bacterial cell membrane and are thus less likely to induce resistance. Because they are membrane-active molecules, it is critical to verify and understand their potential action toward eukaryotic cells to help design effective and safe drugs. In this work, we studied the interaction of two antimicrobial peptides, aurein 1.2 and caerin 1.1, with red blood cell (RBC) membranes using in situ 31P and 2H solid-state NMR (SS-NMR). We established a protocol to integrate up to 25% of deuterated fatty acids in the membranes of ghosts, which are obtained when hemoglobin is removed from RBCs. Fatty acid incorporation and the integrity of the lipid bilayer were confirmed by SS-NMR and fluorescence confocal microscopy. Leakage assays were performed to assess the lytic power of the antimicrobial peptides. The in situ perturbation of the ghost membranes by aurein 1.2 and caerin 1.1 revealed by 31P and 2H SS-NMR is consistent with membrane perturbation through a carpet mechanism for aurein 1.2, whereas caerin 1.1 acts on RBCs via pore formation. These results are compatible with fluorescence microscopy images of the ghosts. The peptides interact with eukaryotic membranes following similar mechanisms that take place in bacteria, highlighting the importance of hydrophobicity when determining such interactions. Our work bridges model membranes and in vitro studies and provides an analytical toolbox to assess drug toxicity toward eukaryotic cells.
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147
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Hein MJA, Kvansakul M, Lay FT, Phan TK, Hulett MD. Defensin-lipid interactions in membrane targeting: mechanisms of action and opportunities for the development of antimicrobial and anticancer therapeutics. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:423-437. [PMID: 35015081 PMCID: PMC9022979 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Defensins are a class of host defence peptides (HDPs) that often harbour antimicrobial and anticancer activities, making them attractive candidates as novel therapeutics. In comparison with current antimicrobial and cancer treatments, defensins uniquely target specific membrane lipids via mechanisms distinct from other HDPs. Therefore, defensins could be potentially developed as therapeutics with increased selectivity and reduced susceptibility to the resistance mechanisms of tumour cells and infectious pathogens. In this review, we highlight recent advances in defensin research with a particular focus on membrane lipid-targeting in cancer and infection settings. In doing so, we discuss strategies to harness lipid-binding defensins for anticancer and anti-infective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. A. Hein
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia
| | - Marc Kvansakul
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia
| | - Fung T. Lay
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia
| | - Thanh Kha Phan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia
| | - Mark D. Hulett
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia
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148
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ELSALEM L, KHASAWNEH A, AL SHEBOUL S. WLBU2 Antimicrobial Peptide as a Potential Therapeutic for Treatment of Resistant Bacterial Infections. Turk J Pharm Sci 2022; 19:110-116. [DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2020.43078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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149
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MacDermott-Opeskin HI, Gupta V, O’Mara ML. Lipid-mediated antimicrobial resistance: a phantom menace or a new hope? Biophys Rev 2022; 14:145-162. [PMID: 35251360 PMCID: PMC8880301 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00912-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract The proposition of a post-antimicrobial era is all the more realistic with the continued rise of antimicrobial resistance. The development of new antimicrobials is failing to counter the ever-increasing rates of bacterial antimicrobial resistance. This necessitates novel antimicrobials and drug targets. The bacterial cell membrane is an essential and highly conserved cellular component in bacteria and acts as the primary barrier for entry of antimicrobials into the cell. Although previously under-exploited as an antimicrobial target, the bacterial cell membrane is attractive for the development of novel antimicrobials due to its importance in pathogen viability. Bacterial cell membranes are diverse assemblies of macromolecules built around a central lipid bilayer core. This lipid bilayer governs the overall membrane biophysical properties and function of its membrane-embedded proteins. This mini-review will outline the mechanisms by which the bacterial membrane causes and controls resistance, with a focus on alterations in the membrane lipid composition, chemical modification of constituent lipids, and the efflux of antimicrobials by membrane-embedded efflux systems. Thorough insight into the interplay between membrane-active antimicrobials and lipid-mediated resistance is needed to enable the rational development of new antimicrobials. In particular, the union of computational approaches and experimental techniques for the development of innovative and efficacious membrane-active antimicrobials is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo I. MacDermott-Opeskin
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Vrinda Gupta
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Megan L. O’Mara
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
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150
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In Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Peptides from the Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia Illucens) against a Selection of Human Pathogens. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0166421. [PMID: 34985302 PMCID: PMC8729770 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01664-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are being explored as alternatives to traditional antibiotics to combat the rising antimicrobial resistance. Insects have proven to be a valuable source of new, potent AMPs with large structural diversity. For example, the black soldier fly has one of the largest AMP repertoires ever recorded in insects. Currently, however, this AMP collection has not yet undergone antimicrobial evaluation or in-depth in vitro characterization. This study evaluated the activity of a library of 36 black soldier fly AMPs against a panel of human pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus fumigatus) and a human cell line (MRC5-SV2). The activity profile of two cecropins (Hill-Cec1 and Hill-Cec10) with potent Gram-negative activity, was further explored by characterizing their hemolysis, time-to-kill kinetics, membrane-permeabilization properties, and anti-biofilm activity. Hill-Cec1 and Hill-Cec10 also showed high activity against other bacterial species, including Klebsiella pneumoniae and multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa. Both AMPs are bactericidal and have a rapid onset of action with membrane-permeabilizing effects. Hill-Cec1 and Hill-Cec10 were also able to prevent P. aeruginosa biofilm formation, but no relevant effect was seen on biofilm eradication. Overall, Hill-Cec1 and Hill-Cec10 are promising leads for new antimicrobial development to treat critical infections caused by Gram-negative pathogens such as P. aeruginosa. IMPORTANCE With the ever growing antimicrobial resistance, finding new candidates for antimicrobial drug development is indispensable. Antimicrobial peptides have steadily gained attention as alternatives for conventional antibiotics, due to some highly desirable characteristics, such as their low propensity for resistance development. With this article, we aim to upgrade the knowledge on the activity of black soldier fly antimicrobial peptides and their potential as future therapeutics. To achieve this, we have evaluated for the first time a library of 36 synthetically produced peptides from the black soldier fly against a range of human pathogens and a human cell line. Two selected peptides have undergone additional testing to characterize their antimicrobial profile against P. aeruginosa, a clinically important Gram-negative pathogen with a high established resistance. Overall, this research has contributed to the search for new peptide drug leads to combat the rising antimicrobial resistance.
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