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Ramírez-Rico G, Drago-Serrano ME, León-Sicairos N, de la Garza M. Lactoferrin: A Nutraceutical with Activity against Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:855852. [PMID: 35264972 PMCID: PMC8899398 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.855852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis in the human body results from the tight regulation of several events, since too little inflammation disrupts the process of tissue repair and remodeling, whereas too much exerts a collateral effect by causing tissue damage with life-threatening consequences. In some clinical conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), inflammation functions as a double-edged sword by either enabling or inhibiting cancer development and progression. Generally, cancer develops through evasion mechanisms that regulate cell growth, causing a high rate of uncontrolled proliferation, and mechanisms for evading cell death, such as apoptosis. Moreover, chronic inflammation is a factor that contributes to colorectal cancer (CRC), as observed in individuals with IBD; all these conditions favor an increased rate of angiogenesis and eventual metastasis. Lactoferrin (Lf) is a mammalian iron-binding multifunctional glycoprotein regarded as a natural compound that up- and downregulates both humoral and cellular components of immunity involved in regulating the inflammatory response and maintaining gut homeostasis. Human and bovine Lf share high sequence homology and have very similar antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. Bovine Lf from milk is considered a safe molecule and is commercially available in large quantities. This review mainly focuses on the regulatory effects of orally administered bovine Lf on the inflammatory response associated with CRC; this approach indicates that CRC is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers and affects the intestinal tract with high clinical and epidemiologic relevance. Thus, this review may provide foundations for the potential use of bovine Lf alone or as a natural adjunct agent to increase the effectiveness and reduce the side effects of anticancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Ramírez-Rico
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), México City, Mexico
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, Mexico
| | - Maria Elisa Drago-Serrano
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nidia León-Sicairos
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada a La Salud Pública (CIASaP), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
- Hospital Pediátrico de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Mireya de la Garza
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), México City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Mireya de la Garza,
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Erbach J, Bonn F, Diesner M, Arnold A, Stein J, Schröder O, Aksan A. Relevance of Biotin Deficiency in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Utility of Serum 3 Hydroxyisovaleryl Carnitine as a Practical Everyday Marker. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11041118. [PMID: 35207391 PMCID: PMC8877558 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11041118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Biotin, a water-soluble B vitamin, has demonstrable anti-inflammatory properties. A biotin-deficient diet induced a colitis-like phenotype in mice, alleviable by biotin substitution. Mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis showed biotin deficiency and diminished levels of sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter, a protein involved in biotin absorption. Biotin substitution induced remission by reducing activation of NF-κB, a transcription factor involved in intestinal permeability and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We investigated for the first time a possible clinical role of biotin status in IBD. Methods: In a comparative, retrospective, cross-sectional study, serum samples of 138 patients with IBD (67 female; 72 Crohn’s disease (CD), 66 ulcerative colitis (UC)) aged 18–65 years and with a mean age (±SD) of 42.5 ± 14.3 years as well as 80 healthy blood donors (40 female; 40.0 ± 10.0 years; range 20–60 years) were analyzed. Inflammation was defined as hsCRP ≥5 mg/L, and to determine biotin status, serum 3-hydroxyisovaleryl carnitine (3HIVc) levels were measured by LC-MS/MS. Results: A total of 138 patients with IBD (67f; 72CD/66 UC; 42.5 ± 14.3 years) were enrolled: 83/138 had inflammation. Mean serum 3HIVc levels were significantly higher in IBD patients but unaffected by inflammation. Biotin deficiency (95th percentile of controls: >30 nmol/L 3HIVc) was significantly more common in IBD patients versus controls. Conclusion: High serum 3HIVc levels and biotin deficiency were associated with IBD but not inflammatory activity or disease type. Our findings suggest biotin may play a role as cause or effect in IBD pathogenesis. Routine assessment and supplementation of biotin may ameliorate IBD and support intestinal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Erbach
- Interdisciplinary Crohn Colitis Center Rhein-Main, 60594 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.E.); (O.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Florian Bonn
- Immundiagnostik AG, 64625 Bensheim, Germany; (F.B.); (M.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Max Diesner
- Immundiagnostik AG, 64625 Bensheim, Germany; (F.B.); (M.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Anne Arnold
- Immundiagnostik AG, 64625 Bensheim, Germany; (F.B.); (M.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Jürgen Stein
- Interdisciplinary Crohn Colitis Center Rhein-Main, 60594 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.E.); (O.S.); (A.A.)
- DGD Kliniken Sachsenhausen, 60594 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Oliver Schröder
- Interdisciplinary Crohn Colitis Center Rhein-Main, 60594 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.E.); (O.S.); (A.A.)
- DGD Kliniken Sachsenhausen, 60594 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ayşegül Aksan
- Interdisciplinary Crohn Colitis Center Rhein-Main, 60594 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.E.); (O.S.); (A.A.)
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Baker KA, Miller TD, Marino FE, Hartmann TE. The exercise-induced inflammatory response in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262534. [PMID: 35120159 PMCID: PMC8815877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated selected inflammatory responses to acute and chronic exercise in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on all relevant exercise-based intervention publications with IBD participants. The study included articles that utilised a broad range of acute and chronic exercise interventions, with inflammatory biomarkers measured and symptoms documented, both pre- and post-exercise for those with IBD. The search was limited to studies published in English, the use of human participants, and primary studies, with no restrictions on date of publication or participant's age. Articles were retrieved through the electronic databases: PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus. This study adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS Six inflammatory markers were included in the meta-analysis which consisted of five studies. Exercise interventions resulted in no significant difference in IL-6 (SMD = -0.09; 95% CI = -0.49, 0.30; P = 0.64), TNF-α (SMD = 0.08; 95% CI = -0.31, 0.48; P = 0.68), CRP (SMD = -0.04; 95% CI = -0.58, 0.50; P = 0.89), IL-17 (SMD = 0.15; 95% CI = -0.45, 0.76; P = 0.62), leukocytes (SMD = 0.40; 95% CI = -0.53, 1.33; P = 0.40) or lymphocytes (SMD = 0.32; 95% CI = -0.33, 0.97; P = 0.33), thus, indicating exercise may have no effect on inflammatory markers in IBD. Bowel symptoms improved following regular moderate exercise that incorporated stress management. CONCLUSION Heterogeneity among the identified literature may have led to exercise interventions being ineffective in reducing inflammation. Although the limited number of eligible studies may reduce the reliability of results, it emphasises the need for additional research in this domain. Importantly, no adverse symptomatic responses to exercise indicate that exercise is safe for IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Baker
- School of Allied Health, Exercise and Sport Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy D. Miller
- School of Allied Health, Exercise and Sport Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frank E. Marino
- School of Allied Health, Exercise and Sport Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tegan E. Hartmann
- School of Allied Health, Exercise and Sport Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
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Adachi H, Kudo M, Ishiyama S, Mochizuki K. Protein restriction during the fetal period upregulates IL1B and IL13 while suppressing MUC2 expression in the jejunum of mice after weaning. Nutrition 2022; 98:111605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Albshesh A, Eder P, Ribaldone DG, Oldenburg B, de Boer NK, Mantzaris GJ, Savarino EV, Dragoni G, Weisshof R, Truyens M, Festa S, Maillard MH, Capirchio L, Filip R, Theodoraki E, Kopylov U. Primary Hypogammaglobulinaemia with Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Like Features: An ECCO CONFER Multicentre Case Series. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:91-97. [PMID: 34274962 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypogammaglobulinaemia is a disorder characterized by low serum immunoglobulin levels and a high prevalence of gastrointestinal manifestations. In some cases, clinical and endoscopic features are indistinguishable from those of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. METHODS This was a multicentre case series performed as a part of the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation [ECCO] Collaborative Network of Exceptionally Rare case reports [CONFER] project. RESULTS This report includes 27 patients with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia and IBD-like features: 20 males and seven females, median age 45.6 years (interquartile range [IQR] 35.2-59). Crohn's disease-like features were noted in 23 patients, and four patients had ulcerative colitis-like features. The diagnosis of hypogammaglobulinaemia preceded a diagnosis of IBD-like features in 20 patients [median of 7 years prior, IQR 2.6-20.6 years], and followed the appearance of IBD-like features in seven cases [median of 1 year after, IQR 0.45-5.6 years]. Hypogammaglobulinaemia aetiologies were common variable immunodeficiency [66.6%], agammaglobulinaemia [7.4%], selective IgA-deficiency [11.1%], Good's syndrome [7.4%], IgG subclass deficiency with IgA deficiency [3.7%] and hyper-IgM [3.7%]. In addition to antibiotics and intravenous immunoglobulin [IVIG] for hypogammaglobulinaemia, 12 patients received IBD-related treatment including 5-aminosalicylate agents [two patients], corticosteroids [one patient], thiopurines [three patients], anti-tumour necrosis factor [four patients] and vedolizumab [two patients]. By the end of the follow-up (44.5 months [IQR 18-81]), 21/27 [77%] patients were in clinical remission. CONCLUSION This case series describes IBD-like features in patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia. The diagnosis of IBD-like features mainly occurred after that of hypogammaglobulinaemia, with successful recovery in the majority of cases after appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Albshesh
- Gastroenterology Department, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Piotr Eder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Heliodor Święcicki University Hospital, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Bas Oldenburg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nanne K de Boer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Insitute (AGEM), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gabriele Dragoni
- IBD Referral Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Roni Weisshof
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marie Truyens
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefano Festa
- IBD Unit, Gastroenterology Division, San Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Michel H Maillard
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lena Capirchio
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain Namur, Department of Gastroenterology, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Rafal Filip
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow and Department of Gastroenterology with IBD Unit of Clinical Hospital No 2 im. Św. Jadwigi Królowej, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Eirini Theodoraki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Uri Kopylov
- Gastroenterology Department, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Pascoal LB, Palma BB, Chaim FHM, de Castro MM, Damázio TA, Franceschini APMDF, Milanski M, Velloso LA, Leal RF. New translational and experimental insights into the role of pro-resolving lipid mediators in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Exp Med 2022; 12:1-15. [PMID: 35096550 PMCID: PMC8771592 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v12.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The resolution of inflammation is an active process, guided by specialized pro-resolution lipid mediators (SPMs). These mediators originate from polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as omega-3. Sufficient evidence suggests that the beneficial effects attributed to omega-3 are, at least in part, the result of the immunomodulatory action of the SPMs, which act systemically by overcoming inflammation and repairing tissue damage, without suppressing the immune response. Recent studies suggest that an imbalance in the synthesis and/or activity of these compounds may be associated with the pathogenesis of several inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Thus, this review highlights the advances made in recent years with regard to the endo-genous synthesis and the biological role of lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, as well as their precursors, in the regulation of inflammation; and provides an update on the participation of these mediators in the development and evolution of IBD and the therapeutic approaches that these immunomodulating substances are involved in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Bitencourt Pascoal
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Biazon Palma
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Henrique Mendonça Chaim
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Moreira de Castro
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Andrade Damázio
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Menezes de Freitas Franceschini
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marciane Milanski
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lício Augusto Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Franco Leal
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chen YH, Liu RH, Cui YZ, Hettinghouse A, Fu WY, Zhang L, Zhang C, Liu CJ. Penfluridol targets acid sphingomyelinase to inhibit TNF signaling and is therapeutic against inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:27. [PMID: 35045889 PMCID: PMC8767691 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penfluridol, isolated from an FDA-approved small-molecule drug library as an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-stimulated NF-κB activation, is clinically used to treat chronic schizophrenia and related disorders. This study is aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of penfluridol on TNFα-stimulated inflammatory autoimmune diseases, particularly inflammatory arthritis. METHODS Various in vitro studies to confirm the inhibitory effect of penfluridol on TNFα-induced NF-κB activity in bone marrow-derived macrophages or Raw 264.7 macrophage cell line. In vivo studies assessed the therapeutic effects of penfluridol in various disease models, including TNFα transgenic mice, collagen-induced arthritis, DSS-induced colitis, and TNBS-induced colitis. Identification and characterization of the binding of penfluridol to acid sphingomyelinase using bioinformatics and drug affinity responsive target stability assay. Acid sphingomyelinase activity assays to reveal penfluridol-mediated inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase activity. siRNA knockdown experiments to illustrate the dependence of penfluridol's anti-TNF activity on acid sphingomyelinase. RESULTS Penfluridol effectively inhibited TNFα-induced NF-κB activation in vitro and alleviated the severity of arthritis and colitis in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that penfluridol bound to acid sphingomyelinase and inhibited its activation. In addition, knockdown of acid sphingomyelinase largely abolished the inhibitory effects of penfluridol on TNFα-induced inflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, penfluridol suppressed the differentiation of spleen naive CD4+T cells to TH1 and TH17 and inhibited M1 macrophage polarization. CONCLUSION This study provides the rationale for the possible innovative use of penfluridol as a newly identified small-molecule drug for TNFα-driven diseases, such as inflammatory arthritis and colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Rm 1608, HJD, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY, 10003, USA
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Rong-Han Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Rm 1608, HJD, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Ya-Zhou Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Rm 1608, HJD, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Aubryanna Hettinghouse
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Rm 1608, HJD, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Wen-Yu Fu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Rm 1608, HJD, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Rm 1608, HJD, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Rm 1608, HJD, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Chuan-Ju Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Rm 1608, HJD, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Wu Z, Bi Y. Potential role of MALT1 as a candidate biomarker of disease surveillance and treatment response prediction in inflammatory bowel disease patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24130. [PMID: 34997981 PMCID: PMC8842141 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1) regulates adaptive and innate immune responses in several inflammatory disease. However, clinical involvement of MALT1 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients remains unclear. Hence, this study was intended to investigate the correlation of blood MALT1 with disease activity, inflammation indexes as well as treatment response of IBD patients. METHODS Blood MALT1 expression in 100 IBD patients [including 25 active (A)-Crohn's disease (CD) patients, 25 remission (R)-CD patients, 25 A-ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and 25 R-UC patients] and 25 health controls (HCs) was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction; besides, serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in IBD patients were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS MALT1 was increased in A-UC patients than in R-UC patients (p = 0.038) and in HCs (p < 0.001), and also elevated in A-CD patients than in R-CD patients (p = 0.048) and in HCs (p < 0.001). MALT1 was positively related to C-reactive protein (CRP, p = 0.011), TNF-α (p = 0.036), IL-17A (p = 0.023), and Mayo score (p = 0.005) in A-UC patients, CRP (p = 0.017), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p = 0.033), TNF-α (p = 0.004), and Crohn's disease activity index score (p = 0.028) in A-CD patients. But MALT1 was not correlated with either inflammation indexes or disease activity score in R-UC and R-CD patients. MALT1 gradually declined from baseline to W12 in A-UC and A-CD patients (both p < 0.001). Moreover, MALT1 at W4 (p = 0.031) and W12 (p = 0.003) in A-UC patients as well as MALT1 at W12 (p = 0.008) in A-CD patients associated with clinical response. CONCLUSION MALT1 serves as a potential biomarker for disease surveillance and treatment response prediction of IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wu
- General Surgery, Yulin No. 2 Hospital, Yulin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingyan Bi
- Department of Pharmacy, Gansu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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PHLPP Signaling in Immune Cells. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:117-143. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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110
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Kumar S, Kumar A. Microbial pathogenesis in inflammatory bowel diseases. Microb Pathog 2021; 163:105383. [PMID: 34974120 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal system. Previously, it is considered the disease of the western world but now the incidence and prevalence of IBD are increasing globally with urbanization and modernization. Additionally, the major problem is the highest incidence of IBD among children and adolescents. The precise etiology of IBD is unknown and there is no cure for IBD, which is also the reason for increasing the number of cases worldwide. The IBD is a complex interplay of environment, immune system, and microbiota in a genetically susceptible host. Among these factors, the alteration in intestinal microbiota has been detected in IBD patients. The bacterial species associated with IBD include Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC), Helicobacter pylori, and Campylobacter concisus. Moreover, the efficacy of antibiotics and probiotics further suggests the role of microbes in IBD. However, no study confirmed the bacterial species as a cause of IBD as per Koch's postulates. Thus, still controversies exist regarding the role of microbes in IBD. Therefore, this paper aims to review the current literature to evaluate the role of microbes in IBD that would be a useful inventory of researchers working in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Faculty of Biosciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
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Wang L, Gao M, Kang G, Huang H. The Potential Role of Phytonutrients Flavonoids Influencing Gut Microbiota in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Nutr 2021; 8:798038. [PMID: 34970585 PMCID: PMC8713745 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.798038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by the chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, is comprised of two idiopathic chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases. As the incidence of IBD increases, so does the need for safe and effective treatments. Trillions of microorganisms are colonized in the mammalian intestine, coevolve with the host in a symbiotic relationship. Gut microbiota has been reported to be involved in the pathophysiology of IBD. In this regard, phytonutrients flavonoids have received increasing attention for their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this review, we address recent advances in the interactions among flavonoids, gut microbiota, and IBD. Moreover, their possible potential mechanisms of action in IBD have been discussed. We conclude that there is a complex interaction between flavonoids and gut microbiota. It is expected that flavonoids can change or reshape the gut microbiota to provide important considerations for developing treatments for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengxue Gao
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangbo Kang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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112
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Zheng Y, Yu Y, Chen XF, Yang SL, Tang XL, Xiang ZG. Intestinal Macrophage Autophagy and its Pharmacological Application in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:803686. [PMID: 34899362 PMCID: PMC8652230 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.803686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprised of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a group of chronic inflammatory disorders. IBD is regarded as a severe healthcare problem worldwide, with high morbidity and lethality. So far, despite of numerous studies on this issue, the specific mechanisms of IBD still remain unclarified and ideal treatments are not available for IBD. The intestinal mucosal barrier is vital for maintaining the function of the intestinal self-defensive system. Among all of the components, macrophage is an important one in the intestinal self-defensive system, normally protecting the gut against exotic invasion. However, the over-activation of macrophages in pathological conditions leads to the overwhelming induction of intestinal inflammatory and immune reaction, thus damaging the intestinal functions. Autophagy is an important catabolic mechanism. It has been proven to participate the regulation of various kinds of inflammation- and immune-related disorders via the regulation of inflammation in related cells. Here in this paper, we will review the role and mechanism of intestinal macrophage autophagy in IBD. In addition, several well-studied kinds of agents taking advantage of intestinal macrophage autophagy for the treatment of IBD will also be discussed. We aim to bring novel insights in the development of therapeutic strategies against IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, 904 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Wuxi, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xu-Feng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, 904 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Wuxi, China
| | - Sheng-Lan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, 904 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Long Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, 904 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Wuxi, China
| | - Zheng-Guo Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, 904 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Wuxi, China
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Ahmad T, Eapen MS, Ishaq M, Park AY, Karpiniec SS, Stringer DN, Sohal SS, Fitton JH, Guven N, Caruso V, Eri R. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Fucoidan Extracts In Vitro. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:702. [PMID: 34940701 PMCID: PMC8704339 DOI: 10.3390/md19120702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans are sulfated, complex, fucose-rich polymers found in brown seaweeds. Fucoidans have been shown to have multiple bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory effects, and are known to inhibit inflammatory processes via a number of pathways such as selectin blockade and enzyme inhibition, and have demonstrated inhibition of inflammatory pathologies in vivo. In this current investigation, fucoidan extracts from Undaria pinnatifida, Fucus vesiculosus, Macrocystis pyrifera, Ascophyllum nodosum, and Laminaria japonica were assessed for modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in a human macrophage line (THP-1). Fucoidan extracts exhibited no signs of cytotoxicity in THP-1 cells after incubation of 48 h. Additionally, all fucoidan extracts reduced cytokine production in LPS stimulated PBMCs and human THP-1 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Notably, the 5-30 kDa subfraction from Macrocystis pyrifera was a highly effective inhibitor at lower concentrations. Fucoidan extracts from all species had significant anti-inflammatory effects, but the lowest molecular weight subfractions had maximal effects at low concentrations. These observations on various fucoidan extracts offer insight into strategies that improve their efficacy against inflammation-related pathology. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of these extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauseef Ahmad
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia;
| | - Mathew Suji Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; (M.S.E.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Muhammad Ishaq
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (M.I.); (N.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Ah Young Park
- Marinova Pty Ltd., Cambridge, TAS 7170, Australia; (A.Y.P.); (S.S.K.); (D.N.S.)
| | - Samuel S. Karpiniec
- Marinova Pty Ltd., Cambridge, TAS 7170, Australia; (A.Y.P.); (S.S.K.); (D.N.S.)
| | - Damien N. Stringer
- Marinova Pty Ltd., Cambridge, TAS 7170, Australia; (A.Y.P.); (S.S.K.); (D.N.S.)
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; (M.S.E.); (S.S.S.)
| | - J. Helen Fitton
- Marinova Pty Ltd., Cambridge, TAS 7170, Australia; (A.Y.P.); (S.S.K.); (D.N.S.)
- RDadvisor, Hobart, TAS 7006, Australia
| | - Nuri Guven
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (M.I.); (N.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Vanni Caruso
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (M.I.); (N.G.); (V.C.)
- ISAL Foundation, Research on Pain, Torre Pedrera, 204-47922 Rimini, Italy
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia;
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Chen Y, Liu H, Zhang Q, Luo Y, Wu L, Zhong Y, Tang Z, Pu Y, Lu C, Yin G, Xie Q. Cinacalcet Targets the Neurokinin-1 Receptor and Inhibits PKCδ/ERK/P65 Signaling to Alleviate Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:735194. [PMID: 34880751 PMCID: PMC8645985 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.735194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Inflammatory bowel disease is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract for which curative drugs are currently not available. This study was performed to assess the therapeutic effects of cinacalcet on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Methods: Primary macrophages obtained from bone marrow and the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 were used to examine the inhibitory effect of cinacalcet on cytokine production, the PKCδ/ERK/P65 signaling pathway, and NF-κB P65 translocation. Colitis was induced using DSS to assess the treatment effect of cinacalcet. Bioinformatics approaches were adopted to predict potential targets of cinacalcet, and a drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTs) assay was performed to confirm binding between cinacalcet and potential target. Results: In vivo analysis showed that cinacalcet reduced the disease activity score, prevented shortening of the colon, diminished inflammatory cell infiltration, and protected the structural integrity of the intestinal wall. Cinacalcet also reduced production of the inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the colon and sera of mice with DSS-induced colitis. In vitro studies revealed that cinacalcet suppressed the translocation of P65 and inhibited production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. Mechanistic studies revealed that the target of cinacalcet was neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) and their binding was confirmed by a DARTs assay. Furthermore, the inhibition of NK-κB P65 activation was found to occur via the suppression of PKCδ/ERK/P65 signaling mediated by cinacalcet. Conclusion: Cinacalcet inhibits the activation of NF-κB and reduces the production of inflammatory cytokines by suppressing the PKCδ/ERK/P65 signaling pathway via targeting NK1R, suggesting that it can be used to treat inflammatory diseases, particularly colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubin Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yutong Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhigang Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaoyu Pu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Geng Yin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qibing Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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115
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Darmadi D, Ruslie RH. Immunological Aspect in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation in the alimentary tract due to improper immune response toward external and internal antigens. The disease consists of 2 entities: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). The disease’s prevalence is increasing worldwide due to westernization and industrialization. Europe still holds the highest prevalence of IBD in the world. There are 2 peaks of disease incidence. The first is in the third decade of life and the second is in the fourth decade. Slight male predominance is observed in IBD. Internal and external risk factors play important role in the occurrence of IBD including genetic, smoking, reduced fibre intake, less or absent breastfeeding, sedentary occupation, pollution exposure, and medications. The disease carries heavy economic burden and hampers patient’s quality of life. The immune concept of IBD was hypothesized in 1950s since the symptoms resolved with the administration of steroid. Innate and adaptive immune systems are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. Antigen presenting cells are found hyperactive, intestinal barrier is disrupted, and autophagy activity is increased. Molecular mimicry occurs between foreign and self antigen. The activity of T helper (Th)1, Th2, and Th17 is amplified while regulatory T cell’s activity is suppressed. Pro-inflammatory cytokine production is elevated but anti-inflammatory cytokines is lowered. Finally, there is increased immunoglobulin G level in intestinal mucosa and imbalance of gut microorganism. All the above immune disturbances lead to chronic inflammation in IBD.
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Ibrahim SRM, Altyar AE, Sindi IA, El-Agamy DS, Abdallah HM, Mohamed SGA, Mohamed GA. Kirenol: A promising bioactive metabolite from siegesbeckia species: A detailed review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114552. [PMID: 34438028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kirenol (Kr) is an ent-pimarane type diterpenoid that has been reported from Siegesbeckiaorientalis, S. pubescens, and S. glabrescens (family Asteraceae). These plants have been used traditionally for treating various ailments such as hypertension, neurasthenia, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, snakebites, allergic disorders, paralysis, soreness, cutaneous disorders, rubella, menstrual disorders, numbness of limbs, dizziness, headache, and malaria. Importantly, in recent years, Kr has received great attention due to its diversified pharmacological activities. AIM OF THE STUDY The current work aims to give an overview on the reported pharmacological activities of Kr. Furthermore, the findings regarding its methods for extraction, quantitative analysis, purification, pharmacokinetics, pharmaceutical and food preparations, biosynthesis, identification, semisynthetic analogues, and toxicity are highlighted to provide a reference and perspective for its further investigation. METHODS Electronic databases including ScienceDirect, Web of Knowledge, SCOPUS, Wiley Online Library, Taylor & Francis, PubMed, Springer, JACS, and Google Scholar were searched up to the beginning of 2021 to identify the reported studies. RESULTS A total of 93 articles have been reviewed. The reported data suggested that Kr possessed various bioactivities including cytotoxic, apoptotic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, cardio-protective, anti-photo-aging, anti-adipogenic, antimicrobial, muscle function improvement, fracture and wound healing, and anti-arthritic. In addition, studies revealed that the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of Kr may mediate many of its therapeutic potentials as confirmed by several in-vitro and in-vivo studies. CONCLUSION This review provides an updated summary of the recent studies on Kr, including methods for extraction, quantitative analysis, purification, pharmacokinetics, pharmaceutical and food preparations, biosynthesis, and identification, as well as semisynthetic analogues, pharmacological activities, and toxicity. Thus, this work can provide useful considerations for planning and design future research on Kr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin R M Ibrahim
- Batterjee Medical College, Preparatory Year Program, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed E Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ikhlas A Sindi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dina S El-Agamy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Al-Munawwarah, 30078, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Hossam M Abdallah
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Shaimaa G A Mohamed
- Faculty of Dentistry, British University, El Sherouk City, Suez Desert Road, Cairo, 11837, Egypt.
| | - Gamal A Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
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Zhang H, Ta N, Shen H, Wang H. Effects of Jian Pi Qing Chang Hua Shi decoction on mucosal injuries in a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced inflammatory bowel disease rat model. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:683-695. [PMID: 34110957 PMCID: PMC8204966 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1928240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Jian Pi Qing Chang Hua Shi decoction (JPQCHSD) has been considered as an effective remedy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Chinese traditional medicine. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the efficacy of JPQCHSD on 2-4-6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced IBD rats and the responsible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Except the rats of the control group (50% ethanol), Sprague-Dawley rats (180 ± 20 g) induced by TNBS (150 mg/kg in 50% ethanol), received water extract of JPQCHSD daily at 0, 9.5, 19, or 38 g/kg for 12 days. The rats were sacrificed, and their colons were removed to evaluate the disease activity index. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), immunoglobulin A (IgA), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and nuclear factor-κB were evaluated. RESULTS JPQCHSD extract significantly reduced the disease activity index of TNBS-induced colitis with a median effective dose (ED50) of 26.93 g/kg. MPO and MDA were significantly reduced in the 19 and 38 g/kg groups (ED50 values 37.38 and 53.2 g/kg, respectively). The ED50 values for the increased SOD and IgA were 48.98 and 56.3 g/kg. ED50 values for inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were 32.66, 75.72, and 162.06 g/kg, respectively. DISCUSSION JPQCHSD promoted mucosal healing in IBD rats via its anti-inflammation, immune regulation, and antioxidation properties. CONCLUSIONS JPQCHSD has healing function on IBD. Further clinical trials are needed to demonstrate its efficacy and tolerance to IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huicun Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Na Ta
- Center Hospital of Beijing Daxing District Caiyu Town, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Yanqing Hospital, Beijing, China
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Serum inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: correlation with disease risk, inflammation, activity, and its variation after treatment. Ir J Med Sci 2021; 191:2105-2111. [PMID: 34843071 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 (ITIH4) plays vital roles in inflammatory and auto-immune diseases, but its correlations with disease risk and clinical features in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) need further investigation. The present study intended to explore the correlation of ITIH4 with disease activity and inflammation, as well as its change after treatment in IBD patients. METHODS Totally, 40 active Crohn's disease (A-CD) patients, 40 clinical-remission CD (R-CD) patients, 40 active ulcerative colitis (A-UC) patients, 40 clinical-remission UC (R-UC) patients, and 40 health controls (HCs) were enrolled. ITIH4 in serum was assessed by ELISA. RESULTS ITIH4 was lower in A-CD, R-CD, A-UC, and R-UC patients than in HCs (P < 0.001). Notably, ITIH4 reduced in A-CD patients than in R-CD patients (P = 0.017), and in A-UC patients compared with R-UC patients (P = 0.010). Besides, in A-CD patients, ITIH4 negatively correlated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-1β, C-reactive protein (CRP), and clinical disease activity index score (all P < 0.05). In A-UC patients, ITIH4 negatively correlated with TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-1β, IL-6, CRP, and Mayo score (all P < 0.05). However, in R-CD and R-UC patients, these correlations were less obvious than in A-CD and A-UC patients. ITIH4 was increased after treatment (all P < 0.05), and its expression at W12 after treatment was higher in response patients compared with no response patients in A-CD (P = 0.022) and A-UC groups (P = 0.038). CONCLUSION ITIH4 correlates with IBD susceptibility, active risk, inflammation level, and its elevation after treatment relates to clinical response in IBD patients.
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Investigation of H 2S Donor Treatment on Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Experimental Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312729. [PMID: 34884536 PMCID: PMC8657984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic, immune-mediated disorders, which affect the gastrointestinal tract with intermittent ulceration. It is increasingly clear that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) seem to have a role in IBD; however, the associated pathogenesis is still not known. Furthermore, several conventional therapies are available against IBD, although these might have side effects. Our current study aimed to investigate the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) treatment on NETs formation and on the expression of inflammatory mediators in experimental rat colitis. To model IBD, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) was administered intracolonically (i.c.) to Wistar-Harlan male rats. Animals were treated (2 times/day) with H2S donor Lawesson's reagent per os. Our results showed that H2S treatment significantly decreased the extent of colonic lesions. Furthermore, the expression of members of NETs formation: peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), citrullinated histone H3 (citH3), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and inflammatory regulators, such as nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) were reduced in H2S treated group compared to TNBS. Additionally, H2S donor administration elevated the expression of ubiquitin C-terminal hydroxylase L1 (UCHL-1), a potential anti-inflammatory mediator. Taken together, our results showed that H2S may exert anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of NETs formation, which suggests a new therapeutic approach against IBD.
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Furukawa S, Ikeda Y, Yagi S, Miyake T, Shiraishi K, Tange K, Hashimoto Y, Mori K, Ninomiya T, Suzuki S, Shibata N, Murakami H, Ohashi K, Hasebe A, Tomida H, Yamamoto Y, Takeshita E, Hiasa Y. Association Between Peripheral Blood Monocyte Count and Mucosal Healing in Japanese Patients With Ulcerative Colitis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 12:e00429. [PMID: 34797817 PMCID: PMC8604008 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monocytes play an important role in innate immunity. Some epidemiological evidence indicates an association between peripheral blood monocytes and ulcerative colitis (UC). The association between peripheral blood monocytes and mucosal healing (MH), however, remains unclear. We evaluated this issue in patients with UC. METHODS Study subjects consisted of 272 Japanese patients with UC. Monocyte counts were taken in the morning after overnight fasting. Monocyte count was divided into tertiles based on the distribution of values among all study subjects. Information on clinical remission was obtained from medical records. MH was assessed using the Mayo endoscopic subscore. RESULTS The mean monocyte count was 360.1 ± 155.3/mm3. Rates of clinical remission, MH, and complete MH were 61.0%, 66.2%, and 27.9%, respectively. High monocyte count was significantly inversely associated with clinical remission, MH, and complete MH (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.45 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23-0.89], OR 0.45 [95% CI: 0.23-0.89], and OR 0.48 [95% CI: 0.23-0.97], respectively). Patients were also classified according to C-reactive protein (CRP) levels; in the low CRP group (<0.1 mg/dL), high monocyte count was independently inversely associated with complete MH but not with clinical remission or MH (OR 0.33 [95% CI: 0.10-0.92], P for trend = 0.027). In the high CRP group, there was no association between monocyte count and clinical outcomes. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that peripheral blood monocyte count can be used as a serum supplemental marker for MH in UC patients with low CRP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshio Ikeda
- Endoscopy Center, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan;
| | - Sen Yagi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Matsuyama Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan;
| | - Teruki Miyake
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan;
| | - Kana Shiraishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan;
| | - Kazuhiro Tange
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Therapeutics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan;
| | - Yu Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan;
| | - Kenichirou Mori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan;
| | - Tomoyuki Ninomiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan;
| | - Seiyuu Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sumitomo Besshi Hospital, Niihama, Japan;
| | - Naozumi Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ehime Prefectural Niihama Hospital, Niihama, Ehime, Japan;
| | - Hidehiro Murakami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Matsuyama Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan;
| | - Katsuhisa Ohashi
- Ohashi Clinic Participate in Gastro-Enterology and Ano-Proctology, Niihama, Ehime, Japan;
| | - Aki Hasebe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Hideomi Tomida
- Endoscopy Center, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan;
| | | | - Eiji Takeshita
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Therapeutics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan;
| | - Yoichi Hiasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan;
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Bu Y, Wu H, Deng R, Wang Y. Therapeutic Potential of SphK1 Inhibitors Based on Abnormal Expression of SphK1 in Inflammatory Immune Related-Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:733387. [PMID: 34737701 PMCID: PMC8560647 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.733387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1(SphK1) a key enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of sphingosine (Sph) to sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), so as to maintain the dynamic balance of sphingolipid-rheostat in cells and participate in cell growth and death, proliferation and migration, vasoconstriction and remodeling, inflammation and metabolism. The normal expression of SphK1 maintains the balance of physiological and pathological states, which is reflected in the regulation of inflammatory factor secretion, immune response in traditional immune cells and non-traditional immune cells, and complex signal transduction. However, abnormal SphK1 expression and activity are found in various inflammatory and immune related-diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. In view of the therapeutic potential of regulating SphK1 and its signal, the current research is aimed at SphK1 inhibitors, such as SphK1 selective inhibitors and dual SphK1/2 inhibitor, and other compounds with inhibitory potency. This review explores the regulatory role of over-expressed SphK1 in inflammatory and immune related-diseases, and investigate the latest progress of SphK1 inhibitors and the improvement of disease or pathological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Bu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ran Deng
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Danese S, Klopocka M, Scherl EJ, Romatowski J, Allegretti JR, Peeva E, Vincent MS, Schoenbeck U, Ye Z, Hassan-Zahraee M, Rath N, Li G, Neelakantan S, Banfield C, Lepsy C, Chandra DE, Hung KE. Anti-TL1A Antibody PF-06480605 Safety and Efficacy for Ulcerative Colitis: A Phase 2a Single-Arm Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 19:2324-2332.e6. [PMID: 34126262 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS An immune component of inflammatory bowel disease is up-regulated tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1A (TL1A). Anti-TL1A antibodies such as PF-06480605, a fully human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody, may have therapeutic potential. METHODS This Phase 2a, multicenter, single-arm, open-label study (TUSCANY) evaluated safety, tolerability, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity in PF-06480605-treated participants with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC). Participants received 500 mg intravenous PF-06480605 every 2 weeks, 7 doses total, with a 3-month follow-up period. Primary safety and efficacy endpoints were the incidence of adverse events (AEs) and week 14 endoscopic improvement (EI) (Mayo endoscopic subscore = 0 or 1), respectively. Secondary endpoints included total soluble TL1A (free/drug-bound) (sTL1A), incidence of anti-drug and neutralizing antibodies, PF-06480605 concentrations, and changes in fecal calprotectin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Histology was assessed at week 14. RESULTS The study enrolled 50 participants; 42 completed. Of 109 treatment-emergent AEs, 18 were treatment-related. The most common AEs were UC disease exacerbation and arthralgia (6 participants each). Four serious AEs, no deaths, and no malignancies were reported. Week 14 EI was observed in a statistically significant proportion of participants (38.2% [uniformly minimum-variance unbiased estimator, per protocol population]). Minimal histologic disease was observed after treatment (Robarts Histopathology Index ≤5: 33.3%; Geboes Index ≤3.2: 47.6%). sTL1A increase over time from baseline indicated sustained target engagement. Forty-one participants (82%) tested positive for anti-drug antibodies and 5 (10%) for neutralizing antibodies. CONCLUSIONS PF-06480605 demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and statistically significant EI in participants with moderate to severe UC, warranting further study in a larger participant cohort. Tissue histopathology analyses support this conclusion. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER https://clinicaltrials.gov/NCT02840721.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Danese
- IBD Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Humanitas Research Hospital, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Klopocka
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum, Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ellen J Scherl
- Jill Roberts Center for IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York, New York
| | - Jacek Romatowski
- J. Sniadecki's Regional Hospital, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jessica R Allegretti
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Zhan Ye
- Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Gang Li
- Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
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123
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Moriichi K, Fujiya M, Okumura T. The endoscopic diagnosis of mucosal healing and deep remission in inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Endosc 2021; 33:1008-1023. [PMID: 33020947 DOI: 10.1111/den.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic goal in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients has shifted from controlling the clinical activity alone to managing other associated problems. The concept of mucosal healing (MH) and deep remission (DR) are advocated and regarded as new therapeutic goals in IBD. However, the definition of MH still remains controversial. It is unclear whether or not the histological structures or functional factors should be included in the definition of DR in addition to clinical remission and MH. The classifications of white-light imaging (e.g. Mayo endoscopic subscore, UCEIS, CD Endoscopic Index of Severity, simple Endoscopic Score-CD) have been proposed and are now widely used to assess the severity as well as the MH of inflammation in IBD. In ulcerative colitis, magnifying chromoendoscopy has been shown to be useful to assess the MH of inflammation while other types of image-enhanced endoscopy, such as narrow-band imaging, have not. Endocytoscopy and confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) are also applied to assess the activity in IBD. These endoscopic procedures can estimate MH with more precision through observing the details of superficial structures, such as crypt openings. In addition, CLE can partially assess the mucosal function by detecting fluorescence leakage. Molecular imaging can possibly detect the molecules associated with inflammation, intestinal regeneration and differentiation, and various functions including the intestinal barrier and mucus secretion. These novel procedures may improve the diagnosis strategy of DR through the assessment of DR-associated factors such as the histological structures and functional factors in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Moriichi
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Fujiya
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Okumura
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
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124
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Si X, Liu N, Jia H, Wang J, Pan L, Dong L, Rong Z, Yang Y, Wu Z. Gut relief formula attenuates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by regulating NF-κB signaling and the intestinal microbiota in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:10983-10993. [PMID: 34652352 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01477c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. The nutrition care gut relief formula (GR), a combination of natural products and nutrients, has been shown to benefit gastrointestinal health. However, the underlying mechanism responsible for this effect is incompletely defined. Objective. This study was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that GR could attenuate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis by enhancing intestinal mucosal immunity and regulating intestinal microflora in mice. Methods. Six-week-old C57BL/6J mice orally administered with GR (7.5 mg per mouse per day) or an equal volume of vehicle were treated with sterile water or 2.5% DSS for 6 days to induce colitis. Histological damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and colonic microbiome community were analyzed to evaluate the beneficial effect of GR. Results. GR administration ameliorated the severity of colitis as evidenced by reduced body weight loss, decreased colon shortening, reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, inhibited proinflammatory cytokine secretion, and decreased histological damage in DSS-challenged mice. Additionally, enhancement of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in response to DSS was attenuated by GR administration. Meanwhile, DSS treatment resulted in reduction of the glutathione (GSH) level and tight junction protein abundance, as compared with the controls. Of note, these adverse effects were remarkably eliminated by GR administration. Further study showed that the protective effect of GR was associated with the inhibited activation of STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways, as well as upregulated abundances of Lactobacillus in the colon tissues of mice. Conclusion. Collectively, the data provided herein demonstrated that GR administration alleviated intestinal mucosal inflammation and mucosal barrier dysfunction. These beneficial effects were associated with inhibited activation of STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways, as well as upregulated abundances of Lactobacillus in the colon tissues of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hai Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Ausnutria Institute of Food and Nutrition, Ausnutria Dairy (China) Co. Ltd, Changsha 410200, Hunan, China
| | - Lina Pan
- Ausnutria Institute of Food and Nutrition, Ausnutria Dairy (China) Co. Ltd, Changsha 410200, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Dong
- Ausnutria Institute of Food and Nutrition, Ausnutria Dairy (China) Co. Ltd, Changsha 410200, Hunan, China
| | - Zhixing Rong
- Ausnutria Institute of Food and Nutrition, Ausnutria Dairy (China) Co. Ltd, Changsha 410200, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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125
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Al-Araimi A, Al Kindi IA, Bani Oraba A, AlKharusi A, Ali BH, Zadjali R, Al Sinawi S, Al-Haddabi I, Zadjali F. Gum Arabic Supplementation Suppresses Colonic Fibrosis After Acute Colitis by Reducing Transforming Growth Factor β1 Expression. J Med Food 2021; 24:1255-1263. [PMID: 34704833 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammation of the colonic mucosa. Gum Arabic (GA) has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic activity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of GA on disease activity in an experimental model of colitis. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was used to induce colitis in C57BL/6 mice and the animals were then switched to normal drinking water to monitor recovery. Mice received 140 g/L GA before (pre-GA group) or after (post-GA group) induction of colitis. Disease activity and recovery were assessed by changes in body weight, disease activity index (DAI), and histological assessment. Gene expression of proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and fibrotic markers was measured in colonic tissues. Mice in the pre-GA group showed an increase in body weight, with no differences in DAI scores, during the recovery phase and had lower histological colitis scores than mice in the post-GA group, which showed higher DAI and histological scores during the recovery phase. During the recovery phase, mice in the pre-GA group showed increased expression of proinflammatory markers, while gene expression of the fibrotic markers, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and procollagen I, was reduced. The reduced fibrotic marker expression was associated with reduced collagen staining and increased epithelial cell proliferation. Administration of GA had protective and alleviative effects on the severity of DSS-induced colitis, with a reduction in colonic fibrosis and TGFβ1 expression. These data warrant further in vitro and in vivo investigations on the effect of GA on fibroblast activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Al-Araimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ishraq A Al Kindi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Asma Bani Oraba
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Amira AlKharusi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Badreldin H Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Razan Zadjali
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Shadia Al Sinawi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ibrahim Al-Haddabi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Melgaço FG, Azamor T, Villar LM, Ano Bom APD, Melgaço JG. Impairment of CD4+ T and Memory B Cell Responses but Normal Memory CD8+T-Cell Activation on Crohn's Disease after COVID-19 Vaccination: A Twin Case. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112143. [PMID: 34834950 PMCID: PMC8620698 DOI: 10.3390/v13112143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines to prevent the impact of SARS-CoV-2 are now available, including for patients with autoimmune diseases. However, there is no information about how inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment could impact the cellular and humoral immune responses. This study evaluated SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular responses after vaccination with a two-dose schedule in a Crohn’s disease patient treated with Infliximab (10 mg/kg); we included comparisons with a monozygotic twin. The results showed that the Crohn’s disease’s twin (twin 2) had no antibody detection and reduced activation of CD4+ T cell responses, unlike the twin without the autoimmune disease (twin 1). Twin 2 developed antigen-specific central memory CD8+ T-cells and IFNγ production after the second dose of COVID-19 vaccination, similar to twin 1. These findings elucidated the role of T-cell immunity after COVID-19 immunization on IBD patients despite the lack of antibody production. Finally, our observation supports the consensus recommendation for IBD patients to receive COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Gil Melgaço
- Laboratório de Cultu and s Biológicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias 25050-100, Brazil;
| | - Tamiris Azamor
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil;
| | - Ana Paula Dinis Ano Bom
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Juliana Gil Melgaço
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-3882-9493
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Ma X, Shin YJ, Jang HM, Joo MK, Yoo JW, Kim DH. Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium longum alleviate colitis and cognitive impairment in mice by regulating IFN-γ to IL-10 and TNF-α to IL-10 expression ratios. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20659. [PMID: 34667205 PMCID: PMC8526673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut lactobacilli and bifidobacteria on the immune homeostasis. Therefore, to understand the mechanism in vivo, we selected human fecal Lactobacillus rhamnosus NK210 and Bifidobacterium longum NK219, which strongly suppressed the IFN-γ to IL-10 expression (IIE) ratio in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Thereafter, we examined their effects on the endotoxin, antibiotics, or antitumor drug-stimulated immune imbalance in mice. Intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide and oral gavage of ampicillin increased IFN-γ and TNF-α expression in the spleen, colon, and hippocampus, while IL-10 expression decreased. However, intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide suppressed IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 expression. LPS exposure induced splenic natural killer cell cytotoxicity against YAC-1 cells (sNK-C) and peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis against Candida albicans (pMA-P) activities, while cyclophosphamide and ampicillin treatments suppressed sNK-C and pMA-P activities. However, LPS, ampicillin, cyclophosphamide all increased IIE and TNF-α to IL-10 expression (TIE) ratios. Oral administration of NK210 and/or NK219 significantly reduced LPS-induced sNK-C, pMA-P, and IFN-γ expression, while cyclophosphamide- or ampicillin-suppressed sNK-C and pMA-P activities, cyclophosphamide-suppressed IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 expression, and ampicillin-suppressed IL-10 expression increased. Nevertheless, they suppressed LPS-, ampicillin-, or cyclophosphamide-induced IIE and TIE ratios, cognitive impairment, and gut dysbiosis. In particular, NK219, but not NK210, increased the IIE expression ratio in vitro and in vivo, and enhanced sNK-C and pMA-P activities in normal control mice, while cognitive function and gut microbiota composition were not significantly affected. These findings suggest that NK210, Lactobacillus sp, and NK219, Bifidobacterium additively or synergistically alleviate gut dysbiosis, inflammation, and cognitive impairment with immune imbalance by controlling IIE and TIE ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Ma
- grid.289247.20000 0001 2171 7818Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447 Korea
| | - Yoon-Jung Shin
- grid.289247.20000 0001 2171 7818Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447 Korea
| | - Hyo-Min Jang
- grid.289247.20000 0001 2171 7818Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447 Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Joo
- grid.289247.20000 0001 2171 7818Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447 Korea
| | - Jong-Wook Yoo
- grid.289247.20000 0001 2171 7818Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447 Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- grid.289247.20000 0001 2171 7818Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447 Korea
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Alfwuaires MA, Algefare AI, Afkar E, Salam SA, El-Moaty HIA, Badr GM. Immunomodulatory assessment of Portulaca oleracea L. extract in a mouse model of colitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112148. [PMID: 34560553 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a gastrointestinal inflammatory disease with a multifactorial pathophysiology. This study aims to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of Portulaca oleracea leaf ethanolic extract (POE) on acetic acid (AA)-induced UC in mice. Experimental animals received oral doses of POE (200 mg/kg for 7 days) after an induction of colitis by intrarectal AA administration. In mice with AA-induced UC treated with POE, the results revealed a significant modulation in body weight and colon length. Moreover, treatment with POE downregulated the interleukin 1, 6, and 17, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, gamma interferon, and nuclear factor-kappa B levels compared with the colitis group. Furthermore, POE markedly inhibited histological damage, decreased myeloperoxidase activity and reduced fecal calprotectin level compared with the colitis group. These data are consistent with the reduction in total bacterial content in the colon. Taken together, treatment with POE may reduce colonic inflammation by alleviating the immune response and inhibiting the severity of colitis. The HPLC analysis of POE resulted in the identification of seven medicinal compounds comprising two phenolic acids (ferulic and caffeic acids) and five flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin, rutin, narenginin and hesperidin). Subsequent analysis of POE by GC-MS revealed ten phytocomponents; the major percentages were hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester (29.8119%), α-linolenic acid (25.8431%), 16-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (15.1578%) and α-tocopherol (10.7848%). Delta-lactams and alkanes were the minor components. Such natural plant-derived substances and their probable synergistic action appear to contribute to a promising therapeutic protocol for colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Alfwuaires
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulmohsen I Algefare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Eman Afkar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
| | - Sherine Abdel Salam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt.
| | - Heba Ibrahim Abd El-Moaty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, Desert Research Center El-Mataria, Cairo 11753, Egypt.
| | - Gehan M Badr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
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129
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Sarcopenia: Its Mechanism and Clinical Importance. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184214. [PMID: 34575326 PMCID: PMC8470813 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is a major contributor to muscle loss and muscle dysfunction, known as sarcopenia. Malnutrition is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). The number of patients with IBD has recently been increasing. More severe malnutrition is often seen in CD compared to UC, probably due to CD affecting the main site of nutrient absorption, extensive mucosal lesions, fistulas, short bowel syndrome after resection, or obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract. A recent meta-analysis showed the high prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with IBD, and thus sarcopenia is a very important problem for IBD. Although IBD is more common in younger patients, sarcopenia can develop through a variety of mechanisms, including malnutrition, chronic inflammation, increased inflammatory status in adipose tissue, vitamin deficiency, and imbalance of the muscle–gut axis. In addition, sarcopenia has a negative impact on postoperative complications and hospital stay in patients with IBD. Appropriate intervention for sarcopenia may be important, in addition to clinical remission and endoscopic mucosal healing in patients with IBD. Much more attention will thus be paid to sarcopenia in patients with IBD. In this review, we outline IBD and sarcopenia, based on the current evidence.
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130
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Moreno LG, Evangelista‐Silva PH, Santos EC, Prates RP, Lima AC, Mendes MF, Ottone VO, Ottoni MHF, Pereira WF, Melo GEBA, Esteves EA. Pequi
Oil, a MUFA/Carotenoid‐Rich Oil, Exhibited Protective Effects against DSS‐Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauane G. Moreno
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Paulo H. Evangelista‐Silva
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Edivânia C. Santos
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Rodrigo P. Prates
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Artenizia C. Lima
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Mateus F. Mendes
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Vinícius O. Ottone
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Marcelo H. F. Ottoni
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Wagner F. Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Gustavo E. B. A. Melo
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Elizabethe A. Esteves
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
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Yasutomi Y, Chiba A, Haga K, Murayama G, Makiyama A, Kuga T, Watanabe M, Okamoto R, Nagahara A, Nagaishi T, Miyake S. Activated Mucosal-associated Invariant T Cells Have a Pathogenic Role in a Murine Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:81-93. [PMID: 34461283 PMCID: PMC8593615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells restricted by major histocompatibility complex-related molecule 1 (MR1) and express a semi-invariant T cell receptor. Previously, we reported the activation status of circulating MAIT cells in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) was associated with disease activity and that these cells had infiltrated the inflamed colonic mucosa. These findings suggest MAIT cells are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. We investigated the role of MAIT cells in the pathogenesis of colitis by using MR1-/- mice lacking MAIT cells and a synthetic antagonistic MR1 ligand. METHODS Oxazolone colitis was induced in MR1-/- mice (C57BL/6 background), their littermate wild-type controls, and C57BL/6 mice orally administered an antagonistic MR1 ligand, isobutyl 6-formyl pterin (i6-FP). Cytokine production of splenocytes and colonic lamina propria lymphocytes from mice receiving i6-FP was analyzed. Intestinal permeability was assessed in MR1-/- and i6-FP-treated mice and their controls. The effect of i6-FP on cytokine production by MAIT cells from patients with UC was assessed. RESULTS MR1 deficiency or i6-FP treatment reduced the severity of oxazolone colitis. i6-FP treatment reduced cytokine production in MAIT cells from mice and patients with UC. Although MR1 deficiency increased the intestinal permeability, i6-FP administration did not affect gut integrity in mice. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate MAIT cells have a pathogenic role in colitis and suppression of MAIT cell activation might reduce the severity of colitis without affecting gut integrity. Thus, MAIT cells are potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel disease including UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yasutomi
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Chiba
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Asako Chiba, MD, PhD and Sachiko Miyake, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. tel: +81-3-5812-1045; fax: +81-3-3813-0421.
| | - Keiichi Haga
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Goh Murayama
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Makiyama
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiga Kuga
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Nagahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagaishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Miyake
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Asako Chiba, MD, PhD and Sachiko Miyake, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. tel: +81-3-5812-1045; fax: +81-3-3813-0421.
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132
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Hyun CK. Molecular and Pathophysiological Links between Metabolic Disorders and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179139. [PMID: 34502047 PMCID: PMC8430512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable epidemiological evidence indicating comorbidity between metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, as well as common pathophysiological features shared by these two categories of diseases, the relationship between their pathogenesis at molecular levels are not well described. Intestinal barrier dysfunction is a characteristic pathological feature of IBD, which also plays causal roles in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory metabolic disorders. Increased intestinal permeability is associated with a pro-inflammatory response of the intestinal immune system, possibly leading to the development of both diseases. In addition, dysregulated interactions between the gut microbiota and the host immunity have been found to contribute to immune-mediated disorders including the two diseases. In connection with disrupted gut microbial composition, alterations in gut microbiota-derived metabolites have also been shown to be closely related to the pathogeneses of both diseases. Focusing on these prominent pathophysiological features observed in both metabolic disorders and IBD, this review highlights and summarizes the molecular risk factors that may link between the pathogeneses of the two diseases, which is aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying their comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kee Hyun
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyungbuk, Korea
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133
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Masu Y, Kanazawa Y, Kakuta Y, Shimoyama Y, Onodera M, Naito T, Moroi R, Kuroha M, Kimura T, Shiga H, Kinouchi Y, Masamune A. Immunoglobulin subtype-coated bacteria are correlated with the disease activity of inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16672. [PMID: 34404881 PMCID: PMC8371132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune response involving various immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes and subtypes to microbiome is involved in the pathogenesis and disease activity of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). To clarify the presence of Ig-coated bacteria in the intestine and its association with disease activity in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), we extracted and classified Ig-coated bacteria from fecal samples of 42 patients with IBD and 12 healthy controls (HCs) using flow cytometry and 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis. The percentage of bacteria coated with IgA and IgM was higher in patients with IBD than in HCs, and IgG-coated bacteria were found only in patients with IBD. Moreover, the percentages of bacteria coated with IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgM in UC samples and IgG3, IgG4, and IgM in CD samples were correlated with disease activities. The proportions of Bacteroides ovatus and Streptococcus increased during the active phase of CD. Hence, the detailed analysis of Ig-coated bacteria and Ig subtypes using flow cytometry could aid in developing useful indicators of disease activity and identifying more disease-related bacteria, which could become novel treatment targets for IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Masu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Kanazawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, South Miyagi Medical Center, Ogawara, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kakuta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Shimoyama
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Onodera
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takeo Naito
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Rintaro Moroi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masatake Kuroha
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shiga
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kinouchi
- Health Administration Center, Center for the Advancement of Higher Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
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134
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Zou J, Liu C, Jiang S, Qian D, Duan J. Cross Talk between Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Mucosal Immunity in the Development of Ulcerative Colitis. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0001421. [PMID: 33526559 PMCID: PMC8370674 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00014-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), a nonspecific inflammatory disease, is characterized by inflammation and mucosal damage in the colon, and its prevalence in the world is increasing. Nevertheless, the exact pathogenesis of UC is still unclear. Accumulating data have suggested that its pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, environmental factors, microbial dysbiosis, and dysregulated immune responses. Generally, UC is aroused by inappropriate immune activation based on the interaction of host and intestinal microbiota. The relationship between microbiota and host immune system in the pathogenesis of UC is complicated. However, increasing evidence indicates that the shift of microbiota composition can substantially influence intestinal immunity. In this review, we primarily focus on the delicate balance between microbiota and gut mucosal immunity during UC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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135
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Hartwig O, Shetab Boushehri MA, Shalaby KS, Loretz B, Lamprecht A, Lehr CM. Drug delivery to the inflamed intestinal mucosa - targeting technologies and human cell culture models for better therapies of IBD. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113828. [PMID: 34157320 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment strategies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) seek to alleviate the undesirable symptoms of the disorder. Despite the higher specificity of newer generation therapeutics, e.g. monoclonal antibodies, adverse effects still arise from their interference with non-specific systemic immune cascades. To circumvent such undesirable effects, both conventional and newer therapeutic options can benefit from various targeting strategies. Of course, both the development and the assessment of the efficiency of such targeted delivery systems necessitate the use of suitable in vivo and in vitro models representing relevant pathophysiological manifestations of the disorder. Accordingly, the current review seeks to provide a comprehensive discussion of the available preclinical models with emphasis on human in vitro models of IBD, along with their potentials and limitations. This is followed by an elaboration on the advancements in the field of biology- and nanotechnology-based targeted drug delivery systems and the potential rooms for improvement to facilitate their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Hartwig
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Karim S Shalaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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136
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Oladele JO, Anyim JC, Oyeleke OM, Olowookere BD, Bamigboye MO, Oladele OT, Oladiji AT. Telfairia occidentalis mitigates dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis in rats via suppression of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13873. [PMID: 34331468 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), a subcategory of inflammatory bowel diseases, affects more than 2 million people globally. This study sought to investigate the curative ability of aqueous leaf extract of Telfairia occidentalis (ATO) on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-mediated colitis in rats. UC was induced by 5% of DSS in drinking water, and the curative ability of ATO was assessed at 200 mg/kg by oral administration for 10 days. The effect of ATO was deduced on anti-inflammatory, preclinical features [disease activity index (DAI)], redox assays, and alterations both microscopic and macroscopic of the colonic mucosa. DSS mediated inflammation in colons of rats with a significant increase in nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels compared with a control group. Lipid peroxidation was also induced following exposure of rats to DSS. There is a marked decrease in antioxidant enzymes activities in DSS group. However, treatment with ATO markedly inhibited the colonic inflammation by reversing the elevated levels of inflammatory markers. Furthermore, ATO suppressed the lipid peroxidation chain reaction by reducing the level of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. ATO attenuates DSS-induced oxidative stress by increase the level of GSH and enhancing the activities of the cytoprotective enzymes (catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase). Taken together, ATO reduced DAI score, inhibited inflammation, suppressed lipid peroxidation, attenuated oxidative stress, and enhanced the antioxidant enzymes activities. These therapeutic effects of ATO might be due to its phytochemicals as showed in gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy results. The findings of this study indicate that aqueous leaf extract of T. occidentalis has could be a drug candidate for the treatment of UC. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The study focused on the curative ability of aqueous leaf extract of Telfairia occidentalis on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) mediated colitis in rats. The extract elicits beneficial effects against colitis via its ability to reduce mucosal inflammation, suppress lipid peroxidation, attenuate oxidative stress, enhance the antioxidant enzymes activities, and reduce both infiltration of inflammatory cells and mucosal damage in colon. This study provides scientific evidence to the therapeutic ability of aqueous leaf extract of T. occidentalis in the treatment of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and could be a drug candidate for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnson O Oladele
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Kings University, Ode-Omu, Nigeria
| | - Joy C Anyim
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Kings University, Ode-Omu, Nigeria
| | - Oyedotun M Oyeleke
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Kings University, Ode-Omu, Nigeria
| | - Boyede D Olowookere
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Kings University, Ode-Omu, Nigeria
| | - Mutiat O Bamigboye
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Chemistry Unit, Kings University, Ode-Omu, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun T Oladele
- Department of Biochemistry, Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
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137
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Barreto de Albuquerque J, Mueller C, Gungor B. Tissue-Resident T Cells in Chronic Relapsing-Remitting Intestinal Disorders. Cells 2021; 10:1882. [PMID: 34440651 PMCID: PMC8393248 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells critically contribute to the rapid immunoprotection and efficient immunosurveillance against pathogens, particularly in barrier tissues, but also during anti-tumor responses. However, the involvement of TRM cells also in the induction and exacerbation of immunopathologies, notably in chronically relapsing auto-inflammatory disorders, is becoming increasingly recognized as a critical factor. Thus, TRM cells may also represent an attractive target in the management of chronic (auto-) inflammatory disorders, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease and inflammatory bowel diseases. In this review, we focus on current concepts of TRM cell biology, particularly in the intestine, and discuss recent findings on their involvement in chronic relapsing-remitting inflammatory disorders. Potential therapeutic strategies to interfere with these TRM cell-mediated immunopathologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bilgi Gungor
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland;
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138
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Cai X, Zhang ZY, Yuan JT, Ocansey DKW, Tu Q, Zhang X, Qian H, Xu WR, Qiu W, Mao F. hucMSC-derived exosomes attenuate colitis by regulating macrophage pyroptosis via the miR-378a-5p/NLRP3 axis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:416. [PMID: 34294138 PMCID: PMC8296541 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02492-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hucMSC)-derived exosomes are recognized as novel cell-free therapeutic agents for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a condition caused by dysregulated intestinal mucosal immunity. In this event, macrophage pyroptosis, a process of cell death following the activation of NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3) inflammasomes, is believed to partially account for inflammatory reactions. However, the role of macrophage pyroptosis in the process of hucMSC-derived exosomes alleviating colitis remains unknown. This study aimed at exploring the therapeutic effect and mechanism of hucMSC-derived exosomes on colitis repair. Methods In vivo, we used BALB/c mice to establish a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model and administrated hucMSC-derived exosomes intravenously to estimate its curative effect. Human myeloid leukemia mononuclear (THP-1) cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and Nigericin to activate NLRP3 inflammasomes, which simulated an inflammation environment in vitro. A microRNA mimic was used to verify the role of miR-378a-5p/NLRP3 axis in the colitis repair. Results hucMSC-derived exosomes inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in the mouse colon. The secretion of interleukin (IL)-18, IL-1β, and Caspase-1 cleavage was suppressed, resulting in reduced cell pyroptosis. The same outcome was observed in the in vitro cell experiments, where the co-culture of THP-1 cells and MPMs with hucMSC-derived exosomes caused decreased expression of NLRP3 inflammasomes and increased cell survival. Furthermore, miR-378a-5p was highly expressed in hucMSC-derived exosomes and played a vital function in colitis repair. Conclusion hucMSC-derived exosomes carrying miR-378a-5p inhibited NLRP3 inflammasomes and abrogated cell pyroptosis to protect against DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yu Zhang
- The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Tao Yuan
- The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212300, People's Republic of China
| | - Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Qiang Tu
- Nanjing Jiangning Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Qian
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Nanjing Jiangning Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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139
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Dos Santos Ramos A, Viana GCS, de Macedo Brigido M, Almeida JF. Neutrophil extracellular traps in inflammatory bowel diseases: Implications in pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105779. [PMID: 34298111 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Among the various immune cells involved in IBD, neutrophils are the first to infiltrate and appear to contribute to the impairment of the epithelial barrier, destruction of tissues by oxidative and proteolytic damage, as well as to the perpetuation of inflammation by the release of cytokines and chemokines associated with pro-inflammatory effects. In addition to basic effector mechanisms, such as phagocytosis and chemotaxis, neutrophils can also form extracellular traps (NETs), which is made up of a mesh-like structure - which contains its chromatin (DNA + histones) together with granules and enzymes, such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophilic elastase (NE) - and that acts as a trap that can result in the death of extracellular pathogens and/or can promote tissue damage. Recent evidence indicates that NETs also play an important and significant role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Previous studies have reported increased levels of NETs in tissue and serum samples from patients with IBD, as well as in experimental colitis. In this review, we discuss current knowledge about the formation of NETs and their role in the pathophysiology of IBD, pointing out potential mechanisms by which NETs promote tissue damage, as well as their involvement in complications associated with IBD. In addition, we propose potential targets for therapy to regulate the production of NETs, making it possible to expand the current spectrum of therapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Dos Santos Ramos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Juliana Franco Almeida
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil.
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140
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Lactobacillus ruminis Alleviates DSS-Induced Colitis by Inflammatory Cytokines and Gut Microbiota Modulation. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061349. [PMID: 34208038 PMCID: PMC8230674 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus ruminis can stimulate the immune response in vitro, but previous studies were only carried out in vitro and the anti-inflammatory effects of L. ruminis needs more in vivo evidences. In this study, the immune regulation and potential mechanisms of L. ruminis was investigated in DSS-induced colitis mice. L. ruminis FXJWS27L3 and L. ruminis FXJSW17L1 relieved the symptoms of colitis, including inhibition of colon shortening and colon tissue damage. L. ruminis FXJWS27L3 significantly reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-17, while L. ruminis FXJSW17L1 significantly increased short chain fatty acids in mice feces. Moreover, L. ruminis FXJWS27L3 and L. ruminis FXJSW17L1 treatments significantly increased the gut microbiota diversity and balance the intestine microbiota profiles, which improved the imbalance of intestine microbiota composition to a certain extent. The results showed that L. ruminis can alleviate DSS-induced colitis, which possibly was related to promoting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, up-regulating SCFAs and restoring the imbalance of gut microbiota.
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141
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Alshehri D, Saadah O, Mosli M, Edris S, Alhindi R, Bahieldin A. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease: Current therapies and potential for microbiota-modulating therapeutic approaches. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2021; 21:270-283. [PMID: 33052081 PMCID: PMC8112554 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.5016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence reinforcing the unique connections between the host microbiome, health, and diseases. Due to the extreme importance of the symbiotic relationship between the intestinal microbiome and the host, it is not surprising that any alteration in the gut microbiota would result in various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease, (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD is a chronic, relapsing-remitting condition that is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, compromised quality of life, and costly medical care. Dysbiosis is believed to exacerbate the progression of IBD. One of the currently used treatments for IBD are anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs, representing a biologic therapy that is reported to have an impact on the gut microbiota composition. The efficacy of anti-TNF agents is hindered by the possibility of non-response, which occurs in 10-20% of treated patients, and secondary loss of response, which occurs in up to 30% of treated patients. This underscores the need for novel therapies and studies that evaluate the role of the gut microbiota in these conditions. The success of any therapeutic strategy for IBD depends on our understanding of the interactions that occur between the gut microbiota and the host. In this review, the health and disease IBD-associated microbiota patterns will be discussed, in addition to the effect of currently used therapies for IBD on the gut microbiota composition, as well as new therapeutic approaches that can be used to overcome the current treatment constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikhnah Alshehri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Saadah
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Mosli
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif Edris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Princess Al Jawhara Albrahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashad Alhindi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bahieldin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Klooster JPT, Bol-Schoenmakers M, van Summeren K, van Vliet ALW, de Haan CAM, van Kuppeveld FJM, Verkoeijen S, Pieters R. Enterocytes, fibroblasts and myeloid cells synergize in anti-bacterial and anti-viral pathways with IL22 as the central cytokine. Commun Biol 2021; 4:631. [PMID: 34045640 PMCID: PMC8160143 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IL22 is an important cytokine involved in the intestinal defense mechanisms against microbiome. By using ileum-derived organoids, we show that the expression of anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) and anti-viral peptides (AVPs) can be induced by IL22. In addition, we identified a bacterial and a viral route, both leading to IL22 production by T cells, but via different pathways. Bacterial products, such as LPS, induce enterocyte-secreted SAA1, which triggers the secretion of IL6 in fibroblasts, and subsequently IL22 in T cells. This IL22 induction can then be enhanced by macrophage-derived TNFα in two ways: by enhancing the responsiveness of T cells to IL6 and by increasing the expression of IL6 by fibroblasts. Viral infections of intestinal cells induce IFNβ1 and subsequently IL7. IFNβ1 can induce the expression of IL6 in fibroblasts and the combined activity of IL6 and IL7 can then induce IL22 expression in T cells. We also show that IL22 reduces the expression of viral entry receptors (e.g. ACE2, TMPRSS2, DPP4, CD46 and TNFRSF14), increases the expression of anti-viral proteins (e.g. RSAD2, AOS, ISG20 and Mx1) and, consequently, reduces the viral infection of neighboring cells. Overall, our data indicates that IL22 contributes to the innate responses against both bacteria and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Paul Ten Klooster
- Research Centre Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marianne Bol-Schoenmakers
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Population Health Sciences Division, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kitty van Summeren
- Research Centre Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arno L W van Vliet
- Virology Section, Infectious Disease and Immunology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M de Haan
- Virology Section, Infectious Disease and Immunology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J M van Kuppeveld
- Virology Section, Infectious Disease and Immunology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saertje Verkoeijen
- Research Centre Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond Pieters
- Research Centre Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Population Health Sciences Division, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Matsunaga Y, Hasei S, Yamamotoya T, Honda H, Kushiyama A, Sakoda H, Fujishiro M, Ono H, Ito H, Okabe T, Asano T, Nakatsu Y. Pathological Role of Pin1 in the Development of DSS-Induced Colitis. Cells 2021; 10:1230. [PMID: 34067858 PMCID: PMC8155908 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are serious disorders of which the etiologies are not, as yet, fully understood. In this study, Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) protein was shown to be dramatically upregulated in the colons of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis model mice. Interestingly, Pin1 knockout (KO) mice exhibited significant attenuation of DSS-induced colitis compared to wild-type (WT) mice, based on various parameters, including body weight, colon length, microscopic observation of the intestinal mucosa, inflammatory cytokine expression, and cleaved caspase-3. In addition, a role of Pin1 in inflammation was suggested because the percentage of M1-type macrophages in the colon was decreased in the Pin1 KO mice while that of M2-type macrophages was increased. Moreover, Pin1 KO mice showed downregulation of both Il17 and Il23a expression in the colon, both of which have been implicated in the development of colitis. Finally, oral administration of Pin1 inhibitor partially but significantly prevented DSS-induced colitis in mice, raising the possibility of Pin1 inhibitors serving as therapeutic agents for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuka Matsunaga
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.H.); (T.Y.)
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Shun Hasei
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.H.); (T.Y.)
| | - Takeshi Yamamotoya
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.H.); (T.Y.)
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Department of Disease Model, Research Institute of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
- Field of Human Disease Models, Major in Advanced Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kushiyama
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose City, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan;
| | - Hideyuki Sakoda
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan;
| | - Midori Fujishiro
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan;
| | - Hiraku Ono
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontorogy, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
| | - Hisanaka Ito
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan;
| | - Takayoshi Okabe
- Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.H.); (T.Y.)
| | - Yusuke Nakatsu
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.H.); (T.Y.)
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Modi NB, Cheng X, Mattheakis L, Hwang CC, Nawabi R, Liu D, Gupta S. Single- and Multiple-Dose Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of PN-943, a Gastrointestinal-Restricted Oral Peptide Antagonist of α4β7, in Healthy Volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2021; 10:1263-1278. [PMID: 33942566 PMCID: PMC8597174 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PN‐943 is an orally stable, gastrointestinal‐restricted peptide that binds specifically to α4ß7 integrin on leukocytes, blocking leukocyte trafficking to and activation in the gut, inhibiting colon inflammation and reducing signs and symptoms of active ulcerative colitis. Two pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies were conducted in healthy volunteers. Study 1 was a first‐in‐human study with 40 male subjects receiving PN‐943, 100 to 1400 mg or placebo, as single doses and 57 male subjects receiving PN‐943, 100 to 1000 mg or placebo, as multiple doses. Study 2 was a randomized, crossover study comparing multiple doses of 450‐mg PN‐943 twice daily as a liquid solution and as an immediate‐release tablet in 10 subjects. No subjects discontinued due to treatment‐emergent adverse events. Consistent with the gastrointestinal‐restricted nature of the peptide, systemic exposure was minimal; there was an approximate dose‐proportional increase in area under the plasma concentration–time curve. There was minimal accumulation with once‐daily dosing and an absence of time‐dependent changes in pharmacokinetics. Administration of PN‐943 after a high‐fat meal reduced peak plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve. There was minimal (<0.1%) urinary excretion of intact drug, and there was a dose‐related increase in fecal excretion of intact PN‐943. Dose‐dependent increases in blood receptor occupancy and reduction in blood receptor expression were observed, supporting target engagement. Twice‐daily dosing resulted in sustained receptor occupancy with low plasma fluctuations (143%). PN‐943 was generally well tolerated following single and multiple oral doses with low systemic exposure. Twice‐daily dosing resulted in sustained pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, supporting further investigation in efficacy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishit B Modi
- Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc, Newark, California, USA
| | - Xiaoli Cheng
- Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc, Newark, California, USA
| | | | | | - Roya Nawabi
- Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc, Newark, California, USA
| | - David Liu
- Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc, Newark, California, USA
| | - Suneel Gupta
- Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc, Newark, California, USA
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Abbasi Teshnizi F, Kazemipour N, Nazifi S, Bagheri Lankarani K, Sepehrimanesh M, Razeghian Jahromi I. A study on the potential role of autophagy-related protein 10 as a biomarker for ulcerative colitis. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14825. [PMID: 33904657 PMCID: PMC8077160 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a lifelong disease with unclear etiology and increasing prevalence worldwide. Autophagy has been reported to play roles in the pathogenesis and progression of UC. Here, we aimed to analyze the expression of autophagy related protein 10 (ATG10) and its regulator, micro-RNA (miR) 519a, in UC patients. METHODS The level of ATG10 in the serum, stool, and colon biopsies from 15 UC patients and 30 non-UC healthy individuals (HC) group was measured by ELISA. Also, the blood level of miR-519a was investigated by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS We found 13.63 ng/ml versus 0.99 ng/ml, 11.01 ng/ml versus 1.11 ng/ml and 6.41 ng/ml versus 3.21 ng/ml of ATG10 in the stool, colon tissue, and serum of UC and HC, respectively. There was no significant difference in the expression of miR-519a in the blood samples of UC and HC. CONCLUSIONS ATG10 might be a potential non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abbasi Teshnizi
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Kazemipour
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Nazifi
- Clinical Pathology Division, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Masood Sepehrimanesh
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Louisiana at Lafayette, LA, USA
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Narayanan AP, Latika A, Nair AS, Ajeesh P, Kumar NS, Babu M. Role of Gut Microbiota in Human Health and Diseases. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316999200930130101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Every human body has a gut microbiome, which is a complex collection of microorganisms
that live in the digestive tracts. The composition of the gut flora changes over time, when
diet changes, overall health changes. Intestinal flora hosts more amounts of the microbes when
compared to stomach flora as it is less vulnerable to the acidity of the gastric mucosa. Intestinal flora
plays a major role in balancing the immune function as well as metabolic homeostasis, regulating
inflammation, increasing mineral bioavailability, synthesizing neurotransmitters, regulating
appetite and blood sugar and protecting against pathogens. Dysbiosis in the gut leads to various gastrointestinal
disorders like inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, peptic ulcer,
metabolic syndromes like obesity, diabetes and various neurological disorders like autism, multiple
sclerosis. Therefore, the complete wellness of our body is dependent on the microbial composition
of the gut. Probiotics and prebiotic foods can add as a key element supplementing the wellness of
our body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira P. Narayanan
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
| | - Ankitha Latika
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
| | - Anjali S. Nair
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
| | - Pooja Ajeesh
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
| | - Nirdesh S. Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
| | - Merin Babu
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
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Cai Y, Xu B, Zhou F, Wu J, Li S, Zheng Q, Li Y, Li X, Gao F, Dong S, Liu R. Si-Ni-San ameliorates chronic colitis by modulating type I interferons-mediated inflammation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 84:153495. [PMID: 33611210 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease that markedly elevates the risk of colon cancers and results in disability. The disrupted immune homeostasis has been recognized as a predominant player in the pathogenesis of UC. However, the overall remission rate of current therapies based on immunoregulation is still unsatisfactory. Si-Ni-San (SNS) has been found effective in relieving UC through thousands of years of clinical practice, yet the specific mechanisms of the protective effect of SNS were not fully elucidated. PURPOSE We aim to investigate the therapeutic effects of SNS against the development of chronic colitis and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We established a DSS-induced chronic experimental colitis mouse model to evaluate the effect of SNS. RNA-sequencing, bioinformatic analysis, and in vitro studies were performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that SNS significantly ameliorated chronic experimental colitis via inhibiting the expression of genes associated with inflammatory responses. Interestingly, SNS significantly suppressed DSS-induced type I interferon (IFN) responses instead of directly downregulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as Il-6. In vitro study further found that SNS selectively inhibited STING and RIG-I pathway-induced type I IFN responses by modulating TBK1- and IRF3-dependent signaling transduction. SNS also suppressed the expression of IFN-stimulated genes by directly inhibiting STAT1 and STAT2 activation. CONCLUSION Our study not only provides novel insights into the pathogenic role of type I IFN responses in colitis but also suggested that SNS or bioactive compounds derived from SNS may serve as novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of UC via interfering type I IFN-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Cai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jianzhi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Shuo Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yajing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shifen Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Aldars-García L, Marin AC, Chaparro M, Gisbert JP. The Interplay between Immune System and Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063076. [PMID: 33802883 PMCID: PMC8002696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the gut microbiota in human health is currently well established. It contributes to many vital functions such as development of the host immune system, digestion and metabolism, barrier against pathogens or brain–gut communication. Microbial colonization occurs during infancy in parallel with maturation of the host immune system; therefore, an adequate cross-talk between these processes is essential to generating tolerance to gut microbiota early in life, which is crucial to prevent allergic and immune-mediated diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by an exacerbated immune reaction against intestinal microbiota. Changes in abundance in the gut of certain microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea have been associated with IBD. Microbes that are commonly found in high abundance in healthy gut microbiomes, such as F. prausnitzii or R. hominis, are reduced in IBD patients. E. coli, which is usually present in a healthy gut in very low concentrations, is increased in the gut of IBD patients. Microbial taxa influence the immune system, hence affecting the inflammatory status of the host. This review examines the IBD microbiome profile and presents IBD as a model of dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Aldars-García
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.M.); (M.C.); (J.P.G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Alicia C. Marin
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.M.); (M.C.); (J.P.G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Chaparro
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.M.); (M.C.); (J.P.G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier P. Gisbert
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.M.); (M.C.); (J.P.G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Han X, Ding S, Jiang H, Liu G. Roles of Macrophages in the Development and Treatment of Gut Inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:625423. [PMID: 33738283 PMCID: PMC7960654 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.625423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest foreign substances and acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes according to their microenvironment. The large number of macrophages in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of microorganisms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and in the continuous renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. They are not only responsible for innate immunity, but also participate in the development of intestinal inflammation. A clear understanding of the function of macrophages, as well as their role in pathogens and inflammatory response, will delineate the next steps in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss the origin and development of macrophages and their role in the intestinal inflammatory response or infection. In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Han
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
| | - Sujuan Ding
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
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