101
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PDL1-binding peptide/anti-miRNA21 conjugate as a therapeutic modality for PD-L1high tumors and TAMs. J Control Release 2022; 345:62-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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102
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Javaid A, Zahra D, Rashid F, Mashraqi M, Alzamami A, Khurshid M, Ali Ashfaq U. Regulation of micro-RNA, epigenetic factor by natural products for the treatment of cancers: Mechanistic insight and translational Association. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103255. [PMID: 35495735 PMCID: PMC9052154 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
From onset to progression, cancer is a ailment that might take years to grow. All common epithelial malignancies, have a long latency period, frequently 20 years or more, different gene may contain uncountable mutations if they are clinically detectable. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are around 22nt non-coding RNAs that control gene expression sequence-specifically through translational inhibition or messenger degradation of RNA (mRNA). Epigenetic processes of miRNA control genetic variants through genomic DNA methylation, post-translation histone modification, rework of the chromatin, and microRNAs. The field of miRNAs has opened a new era in understanding small non-coding RNAs since discovering their fundamental mechanisms of action. MiRNAs have been found in viruses, plants, and animals through molecular cloning and bioinformatics approaches. Phytochemicals can invert the epigenetic aberrations, a leading cause of the cancers of various organs, and act as an inhibitor of these changes. The advantage of phytochemicals is that they only function on cells that cause cancer without affecting normal cells. Phytochemicals appear to play a significant character in modulating miRNA expression, which is linked to variations in oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and cancer-derived protein production, according to several studies. In addition to standard anti-oxidant or anti-inflammatory properties, the initial epigenetic changes associated with cancer prevention may be modulated by many polyphenols. In correlation with miRNA and epigenetic factors to treat cancer some of the phytochemicals, including polyphenols, curcumin, resveratrol, indole-3-carbinol are studied in this article.
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103
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Pavlíková L, Šereš M, Breier A, Sulová Z. The Roles of microRNAs in Cancer Multidrug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041090. [PMID: 35205839 PMCID: PMC8870231 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The resistance of neoplastic cells to multiple drugs is a serious problem in cancer chemotherapy. The molecular causes of multidrug resistance in cancer are largely known, but less is known about the mechanisms by which cells deliver phenotypic changes that resist the attack of anticancer drugs. The findings of RNA interference based on microRNAs represented a breakthrough in biology and pointed to the possibility of sensitive and targeted regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Such regulation is also involved in the development of multidrug resistance in cancer. The aim of the current paper is to summarize the available knowledge on the role of microRNAs in resistance to multiple cancer drugs. Abstract Cancer chemotherapy may induce a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. The development of MDR is based on various molecular causes, of which the following are very common: induction of ABC transporter expression; induction/activation of drug-metabolizing enzymes; alteration of the expression/function of apoptosis-related proteins; changes in cell cycle checkpoints; elevated DNA repair mechanisms. Although these mechanisms of MDR are well described, information on their molecular interaction in overall multidrug resistance is still lacking. MicroRNA (miRNA) expression and subsequent RNA interference are candidates that could be important players in the interplay of MDR mechanisms. The regulation of post-transcriptional processes in the proteosynthetic pathway is considered to be a major function of miRNAs. Due to their complementarity, they are able to bind to target mRNAs, which prevents the mRNAs from interacting effectively with the ribosome, and subsequent degradation of the mRNAs can occur. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the possible role of miRNAs in the molecular mechanisms that lead to MDR. The possibility of considering miRNAs as either specific effectors or interesting targets for cancer therapy is also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Pavlíková
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Bioscience, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84005 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Mário Šereš
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Bioscience, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84005 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: (M.Š.); (A.B.); (Z.S.)
| | - Albert Breier
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Bioscience, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84005 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (M.Š.); (A.B.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zdena Sulová
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Bioscience, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84005 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: (M.Š.); (A.B.); (Z.S.)
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104
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Deciphering specific miRNAs in brain tumors: a 5-miRNA signature in glioblastoma. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:507-521. [PMID: 35175428 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are endogenous non-coding RNAs with a marked impact on the development and progression of brain tumors. However, they commonly share different expression patterns in other types of tumors, thereby exhibiting lack of tissue specificity. Here, an integrative holistic analysis of microarray data is established for deciphering dysregulated miRNAs in glioblastoma, distinguishing them from eight other CNS tumors. The identification of dysregulated miRNAs was performed in a pool of 176 patients, 118 of which diagnosed with glioblastoma. Dysregulated miRNAs commonly expressed in glioblastoma were then discriminated from those co-expressed in other CNS tumors and further characterized. Overall, 21 miRNAs were found to be commonly dysregulated in glioblastoma. Notwithstanding, 16 miRNAs also exhibited a differential expression in at least one other CNS tumor. The remaining 5, specifically, hsa-miR-21-3p, hsa-miR-338-5p, hsa-miR-485-5p, hsa-miR-491-5p and hsa-miR-1290, were solely associated to glioblastoma. This signature is in-depth characterized, with the spotlight on tumor progression, invasion and patient survival. These five endogenous molecules, differentially expressed in glioblastoma, are thus suggested as potential therapeutic targets, modulating several genes involved in major signalling pathways, including MAPK/ERK, calcium, PI3K/AKT, mTOR and Wnt. In summary, these findings lay a foundation for further research on the expression and function of specific patterns of miRNAs expression in glioblastoma, providing reference for potential novel targets.
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105
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Corona-Motolinia ND, Martínez-Valencia B, Noriega L, Sánchez-Gaytán BL, Melendez FJ, García-García A, Choquesillo-Lazarte D, Rodríguez-Diéguez A, Castro ME, González-Vergara E. Tris(2-Pyridylmethylamine)V(O)2 Complexes as Counter Ions of Diprotonated Decavanadate Anion: Potential Antineoplastic Activity. Front Chem 2022; 10:830511. [PMID: 35252118 PMCID: PMC8888438 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.830511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and theoretical-experimental characterization of a novel diprotanated decavanadate is presented here due to our search for novel anticancer metallodrugs. Tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA), which is also known to have anticancer activity in osteosarcoma cell lines, was introduced as a possible cationic species that could act as a counterpart for the decavanadate anion. However, the isolated compound contains the previously reported vanadium (V) dioxido-tpma moieties, and the decavanadate anion appears to be diprotonated. The structural characterization of the compound was performed by infrared spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, DFT calculations were used to analyze the reactive sites involved in the donor-acceptor interactions from the molecular electrostatic potential maps. The level of theory mPW1PW91/6–31G(d)-LANL2DZ and ECP = LANL2DZ for the V atom was used. These insights about the compounds’ main interactions were supported by analyzing the noncovalent interactions utilizing the AIM and Hirshfeld surfaces approach. Molecular docking studies with small RNA fragments were used to assess the hypothesis that decavanadate’s anticancer activity could be attributed to its interaction with lncRNA molecules. Thus, a combination of three potentially beneficial components could be evaluated in various cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidia D. Corona-Motolinia
- Centro de Química del Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Valencia
- Centro de Química del Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Lisset Noriega
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Brenda L. Sánchez-Gaytán
- Centro de Química del Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Francisco J. Melendez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Amalia García-García
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - María Eugenia Castro
- Centro de Química del Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
- *Correspondence: María Eugenia Castro, ; Enrique González-Vergara,
| | - Enrique González-Vergara
- Centro de Química del Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
- *Correspondence: María Eugenia Castro, ; Enrique González-Vergara,
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106
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Al Hamad M. Contribution of BCR-ABL molecular variants and leukemic stem cells in response and resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a review. F1000Res 2022; 10:1288. [PMID: 35284066 PMCID: PMC8886173 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.74570.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm generated by reciprocal chromosomal translocation, t (9; 22) (q34; q11) in the transformed hematopoietic stem cell. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) target the mature proliferating BCR-ABL cells, the major CML driver, and increase overall and disease-free survival. However, mutant clones, pre-existing or due to therapy, develop resistance against TKIs. BCR-ABL1 oncoprotein activates various molecular pathways including the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, JAK2/STAT pathway, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Stimulation of these pathways in TKI resistant CML patients, make them a new target. Moreover, a small proportion of CML cells, leukemic stem cells (LSCs), persist during the TKI therapy and sustain the disease in the patient. Engraftment of LSCs in the bone marrow niche and dysregulation of miRNA participate greatly in the TKI resistance. Current efforts are needed for determining the reason behind TKI resistance, identification, and elimination of CML LSC might be of great need for cancer cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Hamad
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
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107
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Exosomal microRNAs have great potential in the neurorestorative therapy for traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2022; 352:114026. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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108
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Sadighbathi S, Mobed A. Genosensors, a nanomaterial-based platform for microRNA-21 detection, non-invasive methods in early detection of cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 530:27-38. [PMID: 35227654 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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109
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Djebbi K, Shi B, Weng T, Bahri M, Elaguech MA, Liu J, Tlili C, Wang D. Highly Sensitive Fluorescence Assay for miRNA Detection: Investigation of the DNA Spacer Effect on the DSN Enzyme Activity toward Magnetic-Bead-Tethered Probes. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:2224-2233. [PMID: 35071911 PMCID: PMC8771974 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have recently designed various biosensors combining magnetic beads (MBs) and duplex-specific nuclease (DSN) enzyme to detect miRNAs. Yet, the interfacial mechanisms for surface-based hybridization and DSN-assisted target recycling are relatively not well understood. Thus, herein, we developed a highly sensitive and selective fluorescent biosensor to study the phenomenon that occurs on the local microenvironment surrounding the MB-tethered DNA probe via detecting microRNA-21 as a model. Using the above strategy, we investigated the influence of different DNA spacers, base-pair orientations, and surface densities on DSN-assisted target recycling. As a result, we were able to detect as low as 170 aM of miR-21 under the optimized conditions. Moreover, this approach exhibits a high selectivity in a fully matched target compared to a single-base mismatch, allowing the detection of miRNAs in serum with improved recovery. These results are attributed to the synergetic effect between the DSN enzyme activity and the neutral DNA spacer (triethylene glycol: TEG) to improve the miRNA detection's sensitivity. Finally, our strategy could create new paths for detecting microRNAs since it obliterates the enzyme-mediated cascade reaction used in previous studies, which is more expensive, more time-consuming, less sensitive, and requires double catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khouloud Djebbi
- Chongqing
Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
- Chongqing
School, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences (UCAS), Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Biao Shi
- Chongqing
Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
- Chongqing
School, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences (UCAS), Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
| | - Ting Weng
- Chongqing
Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
- Chongqing
School, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences (UCAS), Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
| | - Mohamed Bahri
- Chongqing
Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
- Chongqing
School, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences (UCAS), Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mohamed Amin Elaguech
- Chongqing
Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
- Chongqing
School, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences (UCAS), Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jin Liu
- Chongqing
School, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences (UCAS), Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
- Department
of Pathology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chongqing 400013, P. R. China
| | - Chaker Tlili
- Chongqing
Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
- Chongqing
School, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences (UCAS), Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Chongqing
Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
- Chongqing
School, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences (UCAS), Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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110
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Liyanage T, Alharbi B, Quan L, Esquela-Kerscher A, Slaughter G. Plasmonic-Based Biosensor for the Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:2411-2418. [PMID: 35071928 PMCID: PMC8771705 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A tapered optical fiber (TOF) plasmonic biosensor was fabricated and used for the sensitive detection of a panel of microRNAs (miRNAs) in human serum obtained from noncancer and prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs let-7a, let-7c, miR-200b, miR-141, and miR-21 were tested as predictive cancer biomarkers since multianalyte detection minimizes false-positive and false-negative rates and establishes a strong foundation for early PCa diagnosis. The biosensing platform integrates metallic gold triangular nanoprisms (AuTNPs) laminated on the TOF to excite surface plasmon waves in the supporting metallic layer and enhance the evanescent mode of the fiber surface. This sensitive TOF plasmonic biosensor as a point-of-care (POC) cancer diagnostic tool enabled the detection of the panel of miRNAs in seven patient serums without any RNA extraction or sample amplification. The TOF plasmonic biosensor could detect miRNAs in human serum with a limit of detection between 179 and 580 aM and excellent selectivity. Statistical studies were obtained to differentiate cancerous from noncancerous samples with a p-value <0.0001. This high-throughput TOF plasmonic biosensor has the potential to expand and advance POC diagnostics for the early diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thakshila Liyanage
- Center
for Bioelectronics, Bioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23508, United States
| | - Bayan Alharbi
- Center
for Bioelectronics, Bioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23508, United States
| | - Linh Quan
- Leroy
T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Department of Microbiology
and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia
Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, United States
| | - Aurora Esquela-Kerscher
- Leroy
T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Department of Microbiology
and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia
Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, United States
| | - Gymama Slaughter
- Center
for Bioelectronics, Bioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23508, United States
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111
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Di Agostino S, Vahabi M, Turco C, Fontemaggi G. Secreted Non-Coding RNAs: Functional Impact on the Tumor Microenvironment and Clinical Relevance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8010005. [PMID: 35076579 PMCID: PMC8788502 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast carcinoma characterized by poor prognosis and high rate of metastasis. Current treatment is based on chemo- and/or radiotherapy and surgery. TNBC is devoid of estrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptors. Although precision medicine has come a long way to ameliorate breast cancer disease management, targeted therapies for the treatment of TNBC patients are still limited. Mounting evidence has shown that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) drive many oncogenic processes at the basis of increased proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis in TNBC, strongly contributing to tumor progression and resistance to treatments. Many of these ncRNAs are secreted in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and impinge on the activity of the diverse immune and stromal cell types infiltrating the TME. Importantly, secreted ncRNAs may be detected as circulating molecules in serum/plasma from cancer patients and are emerging a promising diagnostic/therapeutic tools in TNBC. This review aims to discuss novel insights about the role of secreted circulating ncRNAs in the intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment and their potential clinical use as diagnostic and prognostic non-invasive biomarkers in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Di Agostino
- Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.D.A.); (G.F.); Tel.: +39-06-5266-2878 (G.F.)
| | - Mahrou Vahabi
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (C.T.)
| | - Chiara Turco
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (C.T.)
| | - Giulia Fontemaggi
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.A.); (G.F.); Tel.: +39-06-5266-2878 (G.F.)
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112
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Onco-miR-21 Promotes Stat3-Dependent Gastric Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020264. [PMID: 35053428 PMCID: PMC8773769 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is a small, non-coding RNA overexpressed in gastric cancer and many other solid malignancies, where it exhibits both pro-and anti-tumourigenic properties. However, the pathways regulating miR-21 and the consequences of its inhibition in gastric cancer remain incompletely understood. By exploiting the spontaneous Stat3-dependent formation of inflammation-associated gastric tumors in Gp130F/F mice, we functionally established miR-21 as a Stat3-controlled driver of tumor growth and progression. We reconciled our discoveries by identifying several conserved Stat3 binding motifs upstream of the miR-21 gene promoter, and showed that the systemic administration of a miR-21-specific antisense oligonucleotide antagomir reduced the established gastric tumor burden in Gp130F/F mice. We molecularly delineated the therapeutic benefits of miR-21 inhibition with the functional restoration of PTEN in vitro and in vivo, alongside an attenuated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the extracellular matrix remodeling phenotype of tumors. We corroborated our preclinical findings by correlating high STAT3 and miR-21 expression with the reduced survival probability of gastric cancer patients. Collectively, our results provide a molecular framework by which miR-21 mediates inflammation-associated gastric cancer progression, and establish miR-21 as a robust therapeutic target for solid malignancies characterized by excessive Stat3 activity.
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113
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Yan J, Zou H, Zhou W, Yuan X, Li Z, Ma X, Liu C, Wang Y, Rosenholm JM, Cui W, Qu X, Zhang H. Self-assembly of DNA Nanogels with Endogenous MicroRNA Toehold Self-regulating Switches for Targeted Gene Regulation Therapy. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:4119-4125. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00640e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a smart nanohydrogel with endogenous microRNA-21 toehold is developed to encapsulate gemcitabine-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles for targeted pancreatic cancer therapy. This toehold mediated strand displacement method can simultaneously achieve...
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114
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Jabbari N, Feghhi M, Esnaashari O, Soraya H, Rezaie J. Inhibitory effects of gallic acid on the activity of exosomal secretory pathway in breast cancer cell lines: A possible anticancer impact. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2022; 12:549-559. [PMID: 36644548 PMCID: PMC9809134 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2022.23489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer cells produce exosomes that promote tumorigenesis. The anticancer properties of gallic acid have been reported. However, the mechanism underlying its anticancer effect on the exosomal secretory pathway is still unclear. We investigated the effect of gallic acid on exosome biogenesis in breast cancer cell lines. Methods: The cytotoxic effect of gallic acid on MCF-10a, MCF-7, and MDA-MD-231 cells was measured by MTT assay after 48 hours treatment. Expression of miRNAs including miRNA-21, -155, and 182 as well as exosomal genes such as Rab27a, b, Rab11, Alix, and CD63; along with HSP-70 (autophagy gene), was determined using Q-PCR. The subcellular distribution of it was monitored by flow cytometry analysis. Isolated exosomes were characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopes and flow cytometry. Acetylcholinesterase activity is used to measure the number of exosomes in supernatants. In addition, autophagy markers including LC3 and P62 were measured by ELISA. Results: Data showed that gallic acid was cytotoxic to cells (P < 0.05). Gallic acid modulated expression of miRNAs and down-regulated transcript levels of exosomal genes and up-regulated the HSP-70 gene in three cell lines (P < 0.05). The surface CD63/total CD63 ratio as well as acetylcholinesterase activity decreased in treated cells (P < 0.05). The protein level of LC3 was increased in three cell lines, while the expression of P62 increased in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. Conclusion: Together, gallic acid decreased the activity of the exosomal secretory pathway in breast cancer cell lines, providing evidence for its anti-cancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrollah Jabbari
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Feghhi
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Soraya
- Department of Pharmacology Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
,Corresponding author: Jafar Rezaie,
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Al Hamad M. Contribution of BCR-ABL molecular variants and leukemic stem cells in response and resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a review. F1000Res 2021; 10:1288. [PMID: 35284066 PMCID: PMC8886173 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.74570.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm generated by reciprocal chromosomal translocation, t (9; 22) (q34; q11) in the transformed hematopoietic stem cell. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) target the mature proliferating BCR-ABL cells, the major CML driver, and increase overall and disease-free survival. However, mutant clones, pre-existing or due to therapy, develop resistance against TKIs. BCR-ABL1 oncoprotein activates various molecular pathways including the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, JAK2/STAT pathway, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Stimulation of these pathways in TKI resistant CML patients, make them a new target. Moreover, a small proportion of CML cells, leukemic stem cells (LSCs), persist during the TKI therapy and sustain the disease in the patient. Engraftment of LSCs in the bone marrow niche and dysregulation of miRNA participate greatly in the TKI resistance. Current efforts are needed for determining the reason behind TKI resistance, identification, and elimination of CML LSC might be of great need for cancer cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Hamad
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Ray SK, Mukherjee S. Epigenetic Reprogramming and Landscape of Transcriptomic Interactions: Impending Therapeutic Interference of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Molecular Medicine. Curr Mol Med 2021; 22:835-850. [PMID: 34872474 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666211206092437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms governing the development and progression of cancers are believed to be the consequence of hereditary deformities and epigenetic modifications. Accordingly, epigenetics has become an incredible and progressively explored field of research to discover better prevention and therapy for neoplasia, especially triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). It represents 15-20% of all invasive breast cancers and will, in general, have bellicose histological highlights and poor clinical outcomes. In the early phases of triple-negative breast carcinogenesis, epigenetic deregulation modifies chromatin structure and influences the plasticity of cells. It up-keeps the oncogenic reprogramming of malignant progenitor cells with the acquisition of unrestrained selfrenewal capacities. Genomic impulsiveness in TNBC prompts mutations, copy number variations, as well as genetic rearrangements, while epigenetic remodeling includes an amendment by DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs of gene expression profiles. It is currently evident that epigenetic mechanisms assume a significant part in the pathogenesis, maintenance, and therapeutic resistance of TNBC. Although TNBC is a heterogeneous malaise that is perplexing to describe and treat, the ongoing explosion of genetic and epigenetic research will help to expand these endeavors. Latest developments in transcriptome analysis have reformed our understanding of human diseases, including TNBC at the molecular medicine level. It is appealing to envision transcriptomic biomarkers to comprehend tumor behavior more readily regarding its cellular microenvironment. Understanding these essential biomarkers and molecular changes will propel our capability to treat TNBC adequately. This review will depict the different aspects of epigenetics and the landscape of transcriptomics in triple-negative breast carcinogenesis and their impending application for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decision with the view of molecular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukhes Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences. Bhopal, Madhya pradesh-462020. India
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Bizzarri AR, Cannistraro S. Direct Interaction of miRNA and circRNA with the Oncosuppressor p53: An Intriguing Perspective in Cancer Research. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6108. [PMID: 34885216 PMCID: PMC8657023 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are linear single-stranded non-coding RNAs oligonucleotides, widely distributed in cells, playing a key role as regulators of gene expression at post-transcriptional level. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded RNA oligonucleotides forming a covalently closed continuous loop, which confers them a high structural stability and which may code for proteins or act as gene regulators. Abnormal levels or dysregulation of miRNA or circRNA are linked to several cancerous pathologies, so that they are receiving a large attention as diagnostic and prognostic tools. Some miRNAs and circRNAs are strongly involved in the regulatory networks of the transcription factor p53, which plays a pivotal role as tumor suppressor. Overexpression of miRNAs and/or circRNAs, as registered in a number of cancers, is associated to a concomitant inhibition of the p53 onco-suppressive function. Among other mechanisms, it was recently suggested that a functional inhibition of p53 could arise from a direct interaction between p53 and oncogenic miRNAs or circRNAs; a mechanism that might be reminiscent of the p53 inhibition by some E3 ubiquitin ligase such as MDM2 and COP1. Such evidence might deserve important implications for restoring the p53 anticancer functionality, and pave the way to intriguing perspectives for novel therapeutic strategies. In the present paper, the experimental evidence of the interaction between p53 and miRNAs and/or circRNAs is reviewed and discussed in connection with the development of new anticancer approaches.
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118
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Abdulmawjood B, Costa B, Roma-Rodrigues C, Baptista PV, Fernandes AR. Genetic Biomarkers in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: What Have We Learned So Far? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12516. [PMID: 34830398 PMCID: PMC8626020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a rare malignant proliferative disease of the hematopoietic system, whose molecular hallmark is the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph). The Ph chromosome originates an aberrant fusion gene with abnormal kinase activity, leading to the buildup of reactive oxygen species and genetic instability of relevance in disease progression. Several genetic abnormalities have been correlated with CML in the blast phase, including chromosomal aberrations and common altered genes. Some of these genes are involved in the regulation of cell apoptosis and proliferation, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), tumor protein p53 (TP53), or Schmidt-Ruppin A-2 proto-oncogene (SRC); cell adhesion, e.g., catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1); or genes associated to TGF-β, such as SKI like proto-oncogene (SKIL), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) or transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFB2); and TNF-α pathways, such as Tumor necrosis factor (TNFA) or Nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NFKB1). The involvement of miRNAs in CML is also gaining momentum, where dysregulation of some critical miRNAs, such as miRNA-451 and miRNA-21, which have been associated to the molecular modulation of pathogenesis, progression of disease states, and response to therapeutics. In this review, the most relevant genomic alterations found in CML will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Abdulmawjood
- i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; (B.A.); (B.C.); (C.R.-R.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Costa
- i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; (B.A.); (B.C.); (C.R.-R.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Catarina Roma-Rodrigues
- i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; (B.A.); (B.C.); (C.R.-R.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro V. Baptista
- i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; (B.A.); (B.C.); (C.R.-R.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; (B.A.); (B.C.); (C.R.-R.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
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119
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Zhang J, Sharma R, Ryu K, Shen P, Salaita K, Jo H. Conditional Antisense Oligonucleotides Triggered by miRNA. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2255-2267. [PMID: 34664929 PMCID: PMC10982875 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are single-stranded short nucleic acids that silence the expression of target mRNAs and show increasing therapeutic potential. Since ASOs are internalized by many cell types, both normal and diseased cells, gene silencing in unwanted cells is a significant challenge for their therapeutic use. To address this challenge, we created conditional ASOs that become active only upon detecting transcripts unique to the target cell. As a proof-of-concept, we modified an HIF1α ASO (EZN2968) to generate miRNA-specific conditional ASOs, which can inhibit HIF1α in the presence of a hepatocyte-specific miRNA, miR-122, via a toehold exchange reaction. We characterized a library of nucleic acids, testing how the conformation, thermostability, and chemical composition of the conditional ASO impact the specificity and efficacy in response to miR-122 as a trigger signal. Optimally designed conditional ASOs demonstrated knockdown of HIF1α in cells transfected with exogenous miR-122 and in hepatocytes expressing endogenous miR-122. We confirmed that conditional ASO activity was mediated by toehold exchange between miR-122 and the conditional ASO duplex, and the magnitude of the knockdown depended on the toehold length and miR-122 levels. Using the same concept, we further generated another conditional ASO that can be triggered by miR-21. Our results suggest that conditional ASOs can be custom-designed with any miRNA to control ASO activation in targeted cells while reducing unwanted effects in nontargeted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Radhika Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Kitae Ryu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Patrick Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States; Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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120
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Li L, Khan S, Li S, Wang S, Wang F. Noncoding RNAs: emerging players in skin cancers pathogenesis. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5591-5608. [PMID: 34873482 PMCID: PMC8640824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin malignancies form in tissues of the skin and are the most frequent cancers in the world, with an increasing incidence and a steady fatality rate. They are classified as melanoma or nonmelanoma cancers, which include basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Noncoding RNA transcripts have received increased attention after the thorough analysis of the human genome revealed that most of the genomic components are not encoded to protein. MicroRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs are some of the well-studied types of these noncoding regions. The alteration in any of these members' expression is associated intrinsically with human cancers, including skin malignancies, due to their critical functions in cell processes for normal development. As a result, investigating the noncoding component of the transcriptome opens up the possibility of discovering new therapeutic and diagnostic targets. This review discusses current studies on the involvement of microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs in the pathogenesis of human skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450053, Henan, China
| | - Suliman Khan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450014, Henan, China
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, The University of HaripurPakistan
| | - Song Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450053, Henan, China
| | - Shengchun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450053, Henan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450053, Henan, China
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121
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Schwartz MR, Debski AC, Price RJ. Ultrasound-targeted nucleic acid delivery for solid tumor therapy. J Control Release 2021; 339:531-546. [PMID: 34655678 PMCID: PMC8599656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Depending upon multiple factors, malignant solid tumors are conventionally treated by some combination of surgical resection, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Despite decades of research, therapeutic responses remain poor for many cancer indications. Further, many current therapies in our armamentarium are either invasive or accompanied by toxic side effects. In lieu of traditional pharmaceutics and invasive therapeutic interventions, gene therapies offer more flexible and potentially more durable approaches for new anti-cancer therapies. Nonetheless, many current gene delivery approaches suffer from low transfection efficiency due to physiological barriers limiting extravasation and uptake of genetic material. Additionally, systemically administered gene therapies may lack target-specificity, which can lead to off-target effects. To overcome these challenges, many preclinical studies have shown the utility of focused ultrasound (FUS) to increase macromolecule uptake in cells and tissue under image guidance, demonstrating promise for improved delivery of therapeutics to solid tumors. As FUS-based drug delivery is now being tested in several clinical trials around the world, FUS-targeted gene therapy for solid tumor therapy may not be far behind. In this review, we comprehensively cover the literature pertaining to preclinical attempts to more efficiently deliver therapeutic genetic material with FUS and offer perspectives for future studies and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anna C Debski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Richard J Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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122
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Roberts LB, Kapoor P, Howard JK, Shah AM, Lord GM. An update on the roles of immune system-derived microRNAs in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2434-2449. [PMID: 33483751 PMCID: PMC8562329 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of human death worldwide. Over the past two decades, the emerging field of cardioimmunology has demonstrated how cells of the immune system play vital roles in the pathogenesis of CVD. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of cellular identity and function. Cell-intrinsic, as well as cell-extrinsic, roles of immune and inflammatory cell-derived miRNAs have been, and continue to be, extensively studied. Several 'immuno-miRNAs' appear to be specifically expressed or demonstrate greatly enriched expression within leucocytes. Identification of miRNAs as critical regulators of immune system signalling pathways has posed the question of whether and how targeting these molecules therapeutically, may afford opportunities for disease treatment and/or management. As the field of cardioimmunology rapidly continues to advance, this review discusses findings from recent human and murine studies which contribute to our understanding of how leucocytes of innate and adaptive immunity are regulated-and may also regulate other cell types, via the actions of the miRNAs they express, in the context of CVD. Finally, we focus on available information regarding miRNA regulation of regulatory T cells and argue that targeted manipulation of miRNA regulated pathways in these cells may hold therapeutic promise for the treatment of CVD and associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke B Roberts
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Puja Kapoor
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Jane K Howard
- School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Graham M Lord
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
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123
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Feng X, Chen X, Zheng X, Zhu H, Qi Q, Liu S, Zhang H, Che J. Latest Trend of Milk Derived Exosomes: Cargos, Functions, and Applications. Front Nutr 2021; 8:747294. [PMID: 34778341 PMCID: PMC8589029 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.747294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized phospholipid bilayer vesicles released to the extracellular environment. Exosomes from various tissues or cells are being studied and there has been a growing interest in milk exosomes research due to their emerging role as messengers between cells and the fact that it can be produced in large quantities with rich source of milk. Milk derived exosomes (MDEs) contain lipids, microRNAs, proteins, mRNAs as well as DNA. Studies of exosome cargo have been conducted widely in many research areas, especially exosomal miRNAs. In this paper, we reviewed the current knowledge in isolation and identification, cargos, functions mainly in intestinal tract and immunity system of MDEs. Its application as drug carriers and diseases biomarker are also discussed. Furthermore, we also consider critical challenges of MDEs application and provide possible directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xucan Zheng
- Foshan Nanhai Poultry Breeding Co., Ltd., Foshan, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Qien Qi
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Shen Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Huihua Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jianwei Che
- Department of Orthopaedics, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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124
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The Role of Circulating MicroRNAs in Patients with Early-Stage Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101468. [PMID: 34680585 PMCID: PMC8533318 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is increasing in incidence and is still associated with a high rate of mortality. Only a minority of patients are diagnosed in the early stage. Radical surgery is the only potential curative procedure. However, radicality is reached in 20% of patients operated on. Despite the multidisciplinary approach in resectable tumors, early tumor recurrences are common. Options on how to select optimal candidates for resection remain limited. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence shows an important role of circulating non-coding plasma and serum microRNAs (miRNAs), which physiologically regulate the function of a target protein. miRNAs also play a crucial role in carcinogenesis. In PDAC patients, the expression levels of certain miRNAs vary and may modulate the function of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. As they can be detected in a patient's blood, they have the potential to become promising non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Moreover, they may also serve as markers of chemoresistance. Thus, miRNAs could be useful for early and accurate diagnosis, prognostic stratification, and individual treatment planning. In this review, we summarize the latest findings on miRNAs in PDAC patients, focusing on their potential use in the early stage of the disease.
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125
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Seyyednia E, Oroojalian F, Baradaran B, Mojarrad JS, Mokhtarzadeh A, Valizadeh H. Nanoparticles modified with vasculature-homing peptides for targeted cancer therapy and angiogenesis imaging. J Control Release 2021; 338:367-393. [PMID: 34461174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The two major challenges in cancer treatment include lack of early detection and ineffective therapies with various side effects. Angiogenesis is the key process in the growth, survival, invasiveness, and metastasis of many of cancerous tumors. Imaging of the angiogenesis could lead to diagnosis of tumors in the early stage and evaluation of the therapeutic responses. Angiogenic blood vessels express specific molecular markers different from normal blood vessels (in level or kind). This fact would make the tumor vasculature a suitable site to target therapeutics and imaging agents within the tumor. Surface modified nanoparticles using peptide ligands with high binding affinity to the vasculature markers, provide efficient delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents, while avoiding undesirable side effects. In this review, we discuss discoveries of various tumor targeting peptides useful for tumor angiogenesis imaging and targeted therapy with emphasis on surface modified nanomedicines using vasculature targeting peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Seyyednia
- Student Research Committee and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Oroojalian
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javid Shahbazi Mojarrad
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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126
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RNAi-Based Approaches for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101638. [PMID: 34683931 PMCID: PMC8541396 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal forms of cancer, predicted to be the second leading cause of cancer-associated death by 2025. Despite intensive research for effective treatment strategies and novel anticancer drugs over the past decade, the overall patient survival rate remains low. RNA interference (RNAi) is capable of interfering with expression of specific genes and has emerged as a promising approach for pancreatic cancer because genetic aberrations and dysregulated signaling are the drivers for tumor formation and the stromal barrier to conventional therapy. Despite its therapeutic potential, RNA-based drugs have remaining hurdles such as poor tumor delivery and susceptibility to serum degradation, which could be overcome with the incorporation of nanocarriers for clinical applications. Here we summarize the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) in pancreatic cancer therapy in preclinical reports with approaches for targeting either the tumor or tumor microenvironment (TME) using various types of nanocarriers. In these studies, inhibition of oncogene expression and induction of a tumor suppressive response in cancer cells and surrounding immune cells in TME exhibited a strong anticancer effect in pancreatic cancer models. The review discusses the remaining challenges and prospective strategies suggesting the potential of RNAi-based therapeutics for pancreatic cancer.
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127
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Liu F, Mao H, Chai S, Mao H. Meta-analysis of the diagnostic value of exosomal miR-21 as a biomarker for the prediction of cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23956. [PMID: 34492742 PMCID: PMC8529139 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of cancer is still the most effective method to increase survival and therapeutically effective patient management. Accumulating studies had exploited exosomes as an indicator for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. In addition to exosomes, exosome-derived miRs are widely investigated as a novel biomarker for diagnosis in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to clarify the diagnostic value of ex-miR-21 in cancer. METHODS Databases were searched for eligible studies up to June, 2021. Studies included in this meta-analysis were reviewed and selected independently by two authors. The data of sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and summary receiver operating characteristic curves (SROC) of exosomal miR-21 as a diagnostic biomarker were extracted and calculated. Quality assessment was conducted by using the QUADAS-2 tool. RESULTS A total of 26 studies were included in the systematic analysis and meta-analysis. The pooled results of sensitivity, specificity, PLR/NLR, DOR, and area under the curve were 76% (95%CI, 0.70-0.81), 82% (0.77-0.87), 4.3 (3.1-6.0), 0.29 (0.22-0.38), 15 (8-26), and 0.86 (0.83-0.89), respectively. Sensitivity analysis and Deeks' funnel plot indicated that results remained unchanged and had no publication bias. For the subgroup analysis, it was showed that ex-miR-21 had a superior diagnostic accuracy on identifying PC. CONCLUSION Exosomal microRNA-21 can serve as an effective and widely used diagnostic biomarker for cancer, especially in PC. The using field of exosomes and exosome-derived miR can further extend the prognosis and therapeutic management. Standardized isolation of exosomes and miRNA-21 should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglan Liu
- Department of Preclinical MedicalJiangxi Medical CollegeShangraoChina
| | - Haifei Mao
- Department of AnesthesiologyShangrao People’s HospitalShangraoChina
| | - Shiquan Chai
- Department of AnesthesiologyShangrao People’s HospitalShangraoChina
| | - Haifeng Mao
- Department of AnesthesiologyTaizhou First People’s HospitalTaizhouChina
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Scioli MG, Terriaca S, Fiorelli E, Storti G, Fabbri G, Cervelli V, Orlandi A. Extracellular Vesicles and Cancer Stem Cells in Tumor Progression: New Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10572. [PMID: 34638913 PMCID: PMC8508599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor burden is a complex microenvironment where different cell populations coexist and have intense cross-talk. Among them, a heterogeneous population of tumor cells with staminal features are grouped under the definition of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are also considered responsible for tumor progression, drug resistance, and disease relapse. Furthermore, CSCs secrete a wide variety of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with different cargos, including proteins, lipids, ssDNA, dsDNA, mRNA, siRNA, or miRNA. EVs are internalized by other cells, orienting the microenvironment toward a protumorigenic and prometastatic one. Given their importance in tumor growth and metastasis, EVs could be exploited as a new therapeutic target. The inhibition of biogenesis, release, or uptake of EVs could represent an efficacious strategy to impair the cross-talk between CSCs and other cells present in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, natural or synthetic EVs could represent suitable carriers for drugs or bioactive molecules to target specific cell populations, including CSCs. This review will discuss the role of CSCs and EVs in tumor growth, progression, and metastasis and how they affect drug resistance and disease relapse. Furthermore, we will analyze the potential role of EVs as a target or vehicle of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Scioli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Anatomic Pathology Institute, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy; (M.G.S.); (S.T.); (E.F.); (G.F.)
| | - Sonia Terriaca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Anatomic Pathology Institute, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy; (M.G.S.); (S.T.); (E.F.); (G.F.)
| | - Elena Fiorelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Anatomic Pathology Institute, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy; (M.G.S.); (S.T.); (E.F.); (G.F.)
| | - Gabriele Storti
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy; (G.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Giulia Fabbri
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Anatomic Pathology Institute, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy; (M.G.S.); (S.T.); (E.F.); (G.F.)
| | - Valerio Cervelli
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy; (G.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Anatomic Pathology Institute, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy; (M.G.S.); (S.T.); (E.F.); (G.F.)
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Pancreatic Cancer Small Extracellular Vesicles (Exosomes): A Tale of Short- and Long-Distance Communication. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194844. [PMID: 34638330 PMCID: PMC8508300 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Even today, pancreatic cancer still has a dismal prognosis. It is characterized by a lack of early symptoms and thus late diagnosis as well as early metastasis. The majority of patients suffer from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDACs communicate extensively with cellular components of their microenvironment, but also with distant metastatic niches to facilitate tumor progression and dissemination. This crosstalk is substantially enabled by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, exosomes) with a size of 30–150 nm that are released from the tumor cells. sEVs carry bioactive cargos that reprogram target cells to promote tumor growth, migration, metastasis, immune evasion, or chemotherapy resistance. Interestingly, sEVs also carry novel diagnostic, prognostic and potentially also predictive biomarkers. Moreover, engineered sEVs may be utilized as therapeutic agents, improving treatment options. The role of sEVs for PDAC development, progression, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment is the focus of this review. Abstract Even with all recent advances in cancer therapy, pancreatic cancer still has a dismal 5-year survival rate of less than 7%. The most prevalent tumor subtype is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDACs display an extensive crosstalk with their tumor microenvironment (TME), e.g., pancreatic stellate cells, but also immune cells to regulate tumor growth, immune evasion, and metastasis. In addition to crosstalk in the local TME, PDACs were shown to induce the formation of pre-metastatic niches in different organs. Recent advances have attributed many of these interactions to intercellular communication by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, exosomes). These nanovesicles are derived of endo-lysosomal structures (multivesicular bodies) with a size range of 30–150 nm. sEVs carry various bioactive cargos, such as proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA, or miRNAs and act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion to educate recipient cells. In addition to tumor formation, progression, and metastasis, sEVs were described as potent biomarker platforms for diagnosis and prognosis of PDAC. Advances in sEV engineering have further indicated that sEVs might once be used as effective drug carriers. Thus, extensive sEV-based communication and applications as platform for biomarker analysis or vehicles for treatment suggest a major impact of sEVs in future PDAC research.
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Ravegnini G, De Iaco P, Gorini F, Dondi G, Klooster I, De Crescenzo E, Bovicelli A, Hrelia P, Perrone AM, Angelini S. Role of Circulating miRNAs in Therapeutic Response in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Revision. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101316. [PMID: 34680433 PMCID: PMC8533254 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide, mostly due to nonspecific symptoms and a lack of screening tests, which, taken together, contribute to delayed diagnosis and treatment. The current clinical biomarker is serum CA-125, which allows the identification of most advanced primary and relapsed disease and correlates with disease burden; however, as well highlighted in the literature, CA-125 often lacks sensitivity and specificity, and is not helpful in monitoring chemotherapeutic response or in predicting the risk of relapse. Given that, the identification of novel biomarkers able to foster more precise medical approaches and the personalization of patient management represents an unmet clinical requirement. In this context, circulating miRNAs may represent an interesting opportunity as they can be easily detected in all biological fluids. This is particularly relevant when looking for non-invasive approaches that can be repeated over time, with no pain and stress for the oncological patient. Given that, the present review aims to describe the circulating miRNAs currently identified as associated with therapeutic treatments in OC and presents a complete overview of the available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ravegnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (P.H.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pierandrea De Iaco
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (P.D.I.); (G.D.); (E.D.C.); (A.B.); (A.M.P.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMEC, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie Ginecologiche, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Gorini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (P.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Giulia Dondi
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (P.D.I.); (G.D.); (E.D.C.); (A.B.); (A.M.P.)
| | - Isabella Klooster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Eugenia De Crescenzo
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (P.D.I.); (G.D.); (E.D.C.); (A.B.); (A.M.P.)
| | - Alessandro Bovicelli
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (P.D.I.); (G.D.); (E.D.C.); (A.B.); (A.M.P.)
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (P.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Anna Myriam Perrone
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (P.D.I.); (G.D.); (E.D.C.); (A.B.); (A.M.P.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMEC, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie Ginecologiche, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Angelini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (P.H.); (S.A.)
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Nguyen TT, Ung TT, Li S, Sah DK, Park SY, Lian S, Jung YD. Lithocholic Acid Induces miR21, Promoting PTEN Inhibition via STAT3 and ERK-1/2 Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910209. [PMID: 34638550 PMCID: PMC8508661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-RNA-21 (miR-21) is a vital regulator of colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in CRC treatment. Our study using real-time PCR assay found that a secondary bile acid, lithocholic acid (LCA), stimulated the expression of miR21 in the CRC cell lines. Promoter activity assay showed that LCA strongly stimulated miR21 promoter activity in HCT116 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Studies of chemical inhibitors and miR21 promoter mutants indicated that Erk1/2 signaling, AP-1 transcription factor, and STAT3 are major signals involved in the mechanism of LCA-induced miR21 in HCT116 cells. The elevation of miR21 expression was upstream of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) inhibition, and CRC cell proliferation enhancement that was shown to be possibly mediated by PI3K/AKT signaling activation. This study is the first to report that LCA affects miR21 expression in CRC cells, providing us with a better understanding of the cancer-promoting mechanism of bile acids that have been described as the very first promoters of CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinh-Thi Nguyen
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (T.-T.N.); (T.-T.U.); (S.L.); (D.K.S.); (S.-Y.P.)
- Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Joint Stock Company, Ho Chi Minh City 71207, Vietnam
| | - Thuan-Trong Ung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (T.-T.N.); (T.-T.U.); (S.L.); (D.K.S.); (S.-Y.P.)
- Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Joint Stock Company, Ho Chi Minh City 71207, Vietnam
| | - Shinan Li
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (T.-T.N.); (T.-T.U.); (S.L.); (D.K.S.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Dhiraj Kumar Sah
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (T.-T.N.); (T.-T.U.); (S.L.); (D.K.S.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Sun-Young Park
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (T.-T.N.); (T.-T.U.); (S.L.); (D.K.S.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Sen Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (Y.-D.J.); Tel.: +86-20-6278-9385 (S.L.); +82-61-379-2772 (Y.-D.J.); Fax: +86-20-6278-9385 (S.L.); +82-81-379-2781 (Y.-D.J.)
| | - Young-Do Jung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (T.-T.N.); (T.-T.U.); (S.L.); (D.K.S.); (S.-Y.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (Y.-D.J.); Tel.: +86-20-6278-9385 (S.L.); +82-61-379-2772 (Y.-D.J.); Fax: +86-20-6278-9385 (S.L.); +82-81-379-2781 (Y.-D.J.)
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Extracellular vesicles mediated exocytosis of antisense peptide nucleic acids. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:302-315. [PMID: 34458012 PMCID: PMC8379631 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), a synthetic DNA mimic, have been extensively utilized for antisense- and antigene-based biomedical applications. Significant efforts have been made to increase the cellular uptake of PNAs, but here we examined relatively unexplored aspects of intracellular trafficking and endocytic recycling of PNAs. For proof-of-concept, we used anti-microRNA (miR) PNA targeting miR-155. The sub-cellular localization of PNA was studied via confocal and flow-cytometry-based assays in HeLa cells. A comprehensive characterization of PNA-containing extracellular vesicles revealed spherical morphology, negative surface charge density, and the presence of tetraspanin markers. Most importantly, we investigated rab11a and rab27b GTPases' role in regulating the exocytosis of PNAs. Organelle staining, followed by confocal imaging, showed higher localization of PNA in lysosomes. Gene-expression analysis established the enhanced functional activity of PNA after inhibition of endocytic recycling. Multiple studies report the exocytosis of single-stranded oligonucleotides, short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and nanocarriers. To our knowledge, this is the first mechanistic study to establish that PNA undergoes endocytic recycling and exocytosis out of tumor cells. The results presented here can serve as a platform to develop and optimize strategies for improving the therapeutic efficacy of PNAs by avoiding the recycling pathways.
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2-Aminopyrimidinium Decavanadate: Experimental and Theoretical Characterization, Molecular Docking, and Potential Antineoplastic Activity. INORGANICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics9090067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in decavanadate anions has increased in recent decades, since these clusters show interesting applications as varied as sensors, batteries, catalysts, or new drugs in medicine. Due to the capacity of the interaction of decavanadate with a variety of biological molecules because of its high negative charge and oxygen-rich surface, this cluster is being widely studied both in vitro and in vivo as a treatment for several global health problems such as diabetes mellitus, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we report a new decavanadate compound with organic molecules synthesized in an aqueous solution and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The decavanadate anion was combined with 2-aminopyrimidine to form the compound [2-ampymH]6[V10O28]·5H2O (1). In the crystal lattice, organic molecules are stacked by π–π interactions, with a centroid-to-centroid distance similar to that shown in DNA or RNA molecules. Furthermore, computational DFT calculations of Compound 1 corroborate the hydrogen bond interaction between pyrimidine molecules and decavanadate anions, as well as the π–π stacking interactions between the central pyrimidine molecules. Finally, docking studies with test RNA molecules indicate that they could serve as other potential targets for the anticancer activity of decavanadate anion.
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134
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Borum RM, Moore C, Chan SK, Steinmetz NF, Jokerst JV. A Photoacoustic Contrast Agent for miR-21 via NIR Fluorescent Hybridization Chain Reaction. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 33:1080-1092. [PMID: 34406744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids are well-established biomarkers of cancer with immense value in diagnostics and basic research. However, strategies to monitor these species in tissue can be challenging due to the need for amplification of imaging signal from low analyte concentrations with high specificity. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is gaining traction for molecular imaging of proteins, small biomolecules, and nucleic acids by coupling pulsed near-infrared (NIR) excitation with broadband acoustic detection. This work introduces a PA nucleic acid contrast agent that harnesses NIR fluorophore and quencher-tagged hybridization chain reaction (HCR) for signal amplification. This HCR probe was designed to enable contact quenching between NIR dye-quencher pairs by coercing their direct alignment when miR-21, a microRNA cancer biomarker, is detected. The probe demonstrated a ratiometric PA limit of detection of 148 pM miR-21, sequence specificity against one- and two-base mutations, and selectivity over other microRNAs. It was further tested in live human ovarian cancer (SKOV3) and noncancerous (HEK 293T) cells to exemplify in situ PA activation based on differences in endogenous miR-21 regulation (p = 0.0002). The probe was lastly tested in tissue mimicking phantoms to exemplify sustained contrast in centimeter-range depths and 85.3% photostability after 15 min of laser irradiation. The probe's miR-21-specific activation and its ability to maintain contrast in biologically relevant absorbing and scattering media support its consideration for live-cell PA microscopy and potential cancer diagnostics. Results from this probe also underscore the combined detection power between ratiometric PA signaling and strand amplification for more sensitive DNA-based PA sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina M Borum
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093. United States
| | - Colman Moore
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093. United States
| | - Soo Khim Chan
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093. United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093. United States.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093. United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093. United States.,Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093. United States.,Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093. United States.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037. United States
| | - Jesse V Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093. United States.,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093. United States.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093. United States
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135
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Karati D, Mahadik KR, Trivedi P, Kumar D. Alkylating Agents, the Road Less Traversed, Changing Anticancer Therapy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1478-1495. [PMID: 34382529 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210811105344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is considered one of the gruelling challenges and poses a grave health hazard across the globe. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), new cancer diagnoses increased to 18.1 million in 2018, with 9.6 million deaths, bringing the global cancer rate to 23.6 million by 2030. In 1942, the discovery of nitrogen mustard as an alkylating agent was a tremendous breakthrough in cancer chemotherapy. It acts by binding to the DNA, and creating cross linkages between the two strands, leading to arrest of DNA replication and eventual cell death. Nitrogen lone pairs of 'nitrogen mustard' produce an intermediate 'aziridinium ion' at molecular level, which is very reactive towards DNA of tumour cells, resulting in multiple side effects with therapeutic consequences. Owing to its high reactivity and peripheral cytotoxicity, several improvements have been made with structural modifications for the past 75 years to enhance its efficacy and improve the direct transport of drugs to the tumour cells. Alkylating agents were among the first non-hormonal substances proven to be active against malignant cells and also, the most valuable cytotoxic therapies available for the treatment of leukaemia and lymphoma patients. This review focus on the versatile use of alkylating agents and the structure activity relationship (SAR) of each class of these compounds. This could provide an understanding for design and synthesis of new alkylating agents having enhanced target specificity and adequate bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Karati
- Poona college of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra. India
| | - Kakasaheb Ramoo Mahadik
- Poona college of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra. India
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- Poona college of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra. India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Poona college of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra. India
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Wu H, Chen S, Liu C, Li J, Wei X, Jia M, Guo J, Jin J, Meng D, Zhi X. SPTBN1 inhibits growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer by downregulating miR-21. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 909:174401. [PMID: 34358482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SPTBN1 (spectrin beta, non-erythrocytic 1) has been linked to tumor progression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the role of SPTBN1 has yet to be investigated in breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the viability, growth, and migration ability of the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and BT549 using CCK-8 assay, xenograft models, and Transwell assays. The expression of SPTBN1, EMT-related genes, and miRNA21 in breast cancer cells and tissues were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot. SPTBN1 staining of breast cancer tissues was analyzed by the Human Protein Atlas databases. Both chromatin immunoprecipitation qPCR and immunofluorescence were performed to detect how SPTBN1 regulates miRNA21. Our results showed that the expression of SPTBN1 in primary breast cancer tumors was dramatically lower than that in normal tissues and that lower levels of SPTBN1 were associated with significantly shorter progression-free survival. We also discovered that the loss of SPTBN1 promotes EMT, the viability of MDA-MB-231 and BT549 in vitro, and the growth of MDA-MB-231 tumor xenografts in vivo by upregulating miR-21 level. Furthermore, loss of SPTBN1-mediated miR-21 upregulation was dependent on the stability and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Therefore, SPTBN1 is a pivotal regulator that inhibits EMT and the growth of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuyi Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chenyang Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiangxiang Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mengping Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jieyu Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiayu Jin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dan Meng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiuling Zhi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Varikuti S, Verma C, Holcomb E, Jha BK, Viana A, Maryala R, Lamenza F, McElwain BK, Doni NY, Papenfuss T, Oghumu S, Gannavaram S, Nakhasi HL, Satoskar AR. MicroRNA-21 Deficiency Promotes the Early Th1 Immune Response and Resistance toward Visceral Leishmaniasis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1322-1332. [PMID: 34341171 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) inhibits IL-12 expression and impairs the Th1 response necessary for control of Leishmania infection. Recent studies have shown that Leishmania infection induces miR-21 expression in dendritic cells and macrophages, and inhibition of miR-21 restores IL-12 expression. Because miR-21 is known to be expressed due to inflammatory stimuli in a wide range of hematopoietic cells, we investigated the role of miR-21 in regulating immune responses during visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania donovani infection. We found that miR-21 expression was significantly elevated in dendritic cells, macrophages, inflammatory monocytes, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and in the spleen and liver tissues after L. donovani infection, concomitant with an increased expression of disease exacerbating IL-6 and STAT3. Bone marrow dendritic cells from miR-21 knockout (miR-21KO) mice showed increased IL-12 production and decreased production of IL-10. On L. donovani infection, miR-21KO mice exhibited significantly greater numbers of IFN-γ- and TNF-α-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in their organs that was associated with increased production of Th1-associated IFN-γ, TNF-α, and NO from the splenocytes. Finally, miR-21KO mice displayed significantly more developing and mature hepatic granulomas leading to reduction in organ parasitic loads compared with wild type counterparts. Similar results were noted in L. donovani-infected wild type mice after transient miR-21 depletion. These observations indicate that miR-21 plays a critical role in pathogenesis of VL by suppressing IL-12- and Th1-associated IFN-γ and also inducing disease-promoting induction of the IL-6 and STAT-3 signaling pathway. miR-21 could therefore be used as a potential target for developing host-directed treatment for VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Varikuti
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH.,Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Chaitenya Verma
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Erin Holcomb
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Bijay Kumar Jha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Agostinho Viana
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Ritvik Maryala
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Felipe Lamenza
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Bryan K McElwain
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Nebiye Yentur Doni
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Tracey Papenfuss
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD; and
| | - Hira L Nakhasi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD; and
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH; .,Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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138
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Abel F, Giebel B, Frey UH. Agony of choice: How anesthetics affect the composition and function of extracellular vesicles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113813. [PMID: 34029645 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The choice of the anesthetic regime is suggested to affect clinical outcomes following major surgery. Propofol was shown to exert beneficial effects on different cancer outcomes, while volatile anesthetics may be favorable in cardiac surgery. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) were discovered as essential signal mediators in physiological and pathophysiological processes including carcinogenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, depending on their cell source, EVs fulfill therapeutic functions. In addition to extracorporally produced EVs, appropriate systemic intervention such as remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is considered to promote endogenous release of therapeutically active EVs to mediate cardioprotective effects. EVs are assembled in cell-type specific manners and the composition of EVs is not only affected by the disease, but also by the applied anesthetic of anesthetized patients. Here, we compare known impacts of anesthetic agents on outcomes in cancer surgery and cardioprotection and link these effects to the composition and therapeutic potential of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Abel
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstraße 179, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Ulrich H Frey
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, operative Intensivmedizin, Schmerz- und Palliativmedizin, Marien Hospital Herne, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
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139
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The Role of MicroRNA as Clinical Biomarkers for Breast Cancer Surgery and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158290. [PMID: 34361056 PMCID: PMC8346977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women. In recent times, survival outcomes have improved dramatically in accordance with our enhanced understanding of the molecular processes driving breast cancer proliferation and development. Refined surgical approaches, combined with novel and targeted treatment options, have aided the personalisation of breast cancer patient care. Despite this, some patients will unfortunately succumb to the disease. In recent times, translational research efforts have been focused on identifying novel biomarkers capable of informing patient outcome; microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding molecules, which regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. Aberrant miRNA expression profiles have been observed in cancer proliferation and development. The measurement and correlation of miRNA expression levels with oncological outcomes such as response to current conventional therapies, and disease recurrence are being investigated. Herein, we outline the clinical utility of miRNA expression profiles in informing breast cancer prognosis, predicting response to treatment strategies as well as their potential as therapeutic targets to enhance treatment modalities in the era of precision oncology.
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140
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Agwa MM, Abu-Serie MM, Abdelmonsif DA, Moussa N, Elsayed H, Khattab SN, Sabra S. Vitamin D3/phospholipid complex decorated caseinate nanomicelles for targeted delivery of synergistic combination therapy in breast cancer. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120965. [PMID: 34339814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of cytotoxic drugs has shown great potential in cancer therapy. In this light, vitamin D3 (vit.D3)-coated micelles were fabricated to encapsulate the cytotoxic drug; etoposide (ETP). Sodium caseinate micelles were first utilized to encapsulate vit.D3 and ETP within their hydrophobic core, then drug-loaded micelles were further decorated with an envelope of vit.D3/ phospholipid complex to enhance the active targeting potency of fabricated micelles via exploiting vit.D3 receptors (VDRs) overexpressed on the outer surface of breast cancer cells. In vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that fabricated micelles exhibited improved anticancer effect on MDA MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines in comparison to free vit.D3 + ETP without any significant toxicity on normal human lung fibroblast (Wi-38) cells. In vivo biodistribution and efficacy studies in Ehrlich ascites tumor animal model revealed that fabricated micelles manifested improved accumulation in tumor tissue due to active targeting potential of vit.D3 without any remarkable toxicity. More importantly, fabricated micelles resulted in enhanced tumor apoptosis, reduced angiogenesis, invasion and autophagy, besides a decline in the tumor expression levels of both miR-21 and miR-192. Therefore, vit.D3/ETP micelles could serve as a favorable actively targeted anticancer delivery system having a superior effect over the free combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Agwa
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Abdelmonsif
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications (CERRMA), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nermine Moussa
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Hassan Elsayed
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Sherine N Khattab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt; Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Sally Sabra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt.
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141
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Kashif H, Shah D, Sukumari-Ramesh S. Dysregulation of microRNA and Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Roles in Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8115. [PMID: 34360881 PMCID: PMC8347974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major public health problem and devastating subtype of stroke with high morbidity and mortality. Notably, there is no effective treatment for ICH. Neuroinflammation, a pathological hallmark of ICH, contributes to both brain injury and repair and hence, it is regarded as a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Recent studies document that microRNAs, small non-coding RNA molecules, can regulate inflammatory brain response after ICH and are viable molecular targets to alter brain function. Therefore, there is an escalating interest in studying the role of microRNAs in the pathophysiology of ICH. Herein, we provide, for the first time, an overview of the microRNAs that play roles in ICH-induced neuroinflammation and identify the critical knowledge gap in the field, as it would help design future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sangeetha Sukumari-Ramesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.K.); (D.S.)
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142
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Nasirishargh A, Kumar P, Ramasubramanian L, Clark K, Hao D, Lazar SV, Wang A. Exosomal microRNAs from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: Biology and applications in neuroprotection. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:776-794. [PMID: 34367477 PMCID: PMC8316862 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i7.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are extensively studied as cell-therapy agents for neurological diseases. Recent studies consider exosomes secreted by MSCs as important mediators for MSCs’ neuroprotective functions. Exosomes transfer functional molecules including proteins, lipids, metabolites, DNAs, and coding and non-coding RNAs from MSCs to their target cells. Emerging evidence shows that exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the neuroprotective properties of these exosomes by targeting several genes and regulating various biological processes. Multiple exosomal miRNAs have been identified to have neuroprotective effects by promoting neurogenesis, neurite remodeling and survival, and neuroplasticity. Thus, exosomal miRNAs have significant therapeutic potential for neurological disorders such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neuroinflammatory or neurodegenerative diseases and disorders. This review discusses the neuroprotective effects of selected miRNAs (miR-21, miR-17-92, miR-133, miR-138, miR-124, miR-30, miR146a, and miR-29b) and explores their mechanisms of action and applications for the treatment of various neurological disease and disorders. It also provides an overview of state-of-the-art bioengineering approaches for isolating exosomes, optimizing their yield and manipulating the miRNA content of their cargo to improve their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Nasirishargh
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Priyadarsini Kumar
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Lalithasri Ramasubramanian
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Kaitlin Clark
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Dake Hao
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Sabrina V Lazar
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Aijun Wang
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
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143
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Mahmoudian-Sani MR, Asadi-Samani M. Modulation of MicroRNAs by Euphorbia Microsciadia Boiss in MDA-MB-231 Cell Line: New Possibilities in Breast Cancer Therapy. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 15:174-184. [PMID: 32603285 DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666200630102944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of Euphorbia species have been evaluated for anticancer effects; however, their anticancer mechanisms have not been established up to now. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Euphorbia microsciadia (E. microsciadia) Boiss on the modulation of micro (mi) RNAs in MDA-MB-231 cell line. METHODS As the first step, the inhibitory concentration of hydroalcoholic extract of E. microsciadia on MDA-MB-231 cells was examined using the MTT assay, bypassing 24 and 48h from seeding. The real-time quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was also utilized to determine Let-7, miR-15, miR-16, miR-29, miR-151, miR-155, miR-21, miR-146b, miR-181b, miR-221, miR-222, miR-21, and miR-146b expressions in MDA-MB-231 cells, by passing 24 and 48h from treating with the extract of E. microsciadia. RESULTS The results reveal the cytotoxic effects of E. microsciadia on MDA-MB-231 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. The half maximal Inhibitory Concentrations (IC50) were also equal to 275 and 240μg/ml for E. microsciadia, by passing 24 and 48h from the treatment, respectively. Furthermore, it was confirmed that, E. microsciadia had augmented the expression levels of Let-7, miR-15, miR-16, miR-29, and miR-34a, which lead to an increase in apoptosis. CONCLUSION E. microsciadia could modulate some miRNAs involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cell line. Accordingly, targeting miRNAs by E. microsciadia can open some newer avenues for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Asadi-Samani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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144
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Pu J, Xu Z, Nian J, Fang Q, Yang M, Huang Y, Li W, Ge B, Wang J, Wei H. M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles facilitate CD8+T cell exhaustion in hepatocellular carcinoma via the miR-21-5p/YOD1/YAP/β-catenin pathway. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:182. [PMID: 34282135 PMCID: PMC8289864 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy. CD8+ T cell-mediated immune response is critical for the inhibition of HCC progression. M2 macrophages participate in HCC progression. This study set out to investigate the effect of M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) on CD8+ T cell exhaustion in HCC. M2 macrophage-derived EVs were isolated and identified. The murine model of primary HCC was established through DEN/CCl4 induction, and model mice were injected with EVs. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from the mouse liver and CD8+ T cells were sorted. The expressions of immune checkpoint inhibitory receptors and effector cytokines on CD8+ T cells were detected, followed by the evaluation of CD8+ T cell proliferation and killing function. miR-21-5p expression in M2 macrophage-derived EVs was detected. The binding relationship between miR-21-5p and YOD1 was verified. The activation of the YAP/β-catenin pathway was detected. Consequently, M2 macrophage-derived EVs promoted CD8+ T cell exhaustion in HCC mice. miR-21-5p expression was upregulated in M2 macrophage-derived EVs, and EVs carried miR-21-5p into HCC tissues. miR-21-5p targeted YOD1. Inhibition of miR-21-5p or overexpression of YOD1 annulled the promoting effect of EVs on CD8+ T cell exhaustion. YOD1 inactivated the YAP/β-catenin pathway. In conclusion, M2 macrophage-derived EVs facilitated CD8+ T cell exhaustion via the miR-21-5p/YOD1/YAP/β-catenin axis. This study may confer novel insights into the immunotherapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Pu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Clinic Medicine Research Center of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Zuoming Xu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Jiahui Nian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Quan Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Youguan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Wenchuan Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Bin Ge
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Jianchu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Clinic Medicine Research Center of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Huamei Wei
- Graduate College of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Zhuang, China.
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Ohtsuka M, Iwamoto K, Naito A, Imasato M, Hyuga S, Nakahara Y, Mikamori M, Furukawa K, Moon J, Asaoka T, Kishi K, Shamma A, Akamatsu H, Mizushima T, Yamamoto H. Circulating MicroRNAs in Gastrointestinal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133348. [PMID: 34283058 PMCID: PMC8267753 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The screening methods and therapeutic strategies for gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) have improved, but mortality in GIC patients remains high. Early detection and precise evaluation of GIC are required to further improve treatment outcomes in GIC patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which do not encode proteins, have attracted attention as biomarkers of various diseases. Since the first report revealing the strong correlation between miRNAs and cancer in 2002, numerous studies have illustrated the changes in the expression and the biological and oncological effects of miRNAs in GIC. Furthermore, miRNAs circulating in the blood are reported to be associated with GIC status. These miRNAs are thought to be useful as noninvasive biomarkers because of their stability in blood. Herein, we discuss the potential of miRNAs as noninvasive biomarkers for each type of GIC on the basis of previous reports and describe perspectives for their future application. Abstract Gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) is a common disease and is considered to be the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide; thus, new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for GIC are urgently required. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are functional RNAs that are transcribed from the genome but do not encode proteins. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short ncRNAs that are reported to function as both oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Moreover, several miRNA-based drugs are currently proceeding to clinical trials for various diseases, including cancer. In recent years, the stability of circulating miRNAs in blood has been demonstrated. This is of interest because these miRNAs could be potential noninvasive biomarkers of cancer. In this review, we focus on circulating miRNAs associated with GIC and discuss their potential as novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahisa Ohtsuka
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31 Kitayama-cho, Tennouji-ku, Osaka 543-0035, Japan; (K.I.); (A.N.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (Y.N.); (M.M.); (K.F.); (J.M.); (T.A.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (T.M.)
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.S.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6771-6051; Fax: +81-6-6771-2838
| | - Kazuya Iwamoto
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31 Kitayama-cho, Tennouji-ku, Osaka 543-0035, Japan; (K.I.); (A.N.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (Y.N.); (M.M.); (K.F.); (J.M.); (T.A.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Atsushi Naito
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31 Kitayama-cho, Tennouji-ku, Osaka 543-0035, Japan; (K.I.); (A.N.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (Y.N.); (M.M.); (K.F.); (J.M.); (T.A.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Mitsunobu Imasato
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31 Kitayama-cho, Tennouji-ku, Osaka 543-0035, Japan; (K.I.); (A.N.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (Y.N.); (M.M.); (K.F.); (J.M.); (T.A.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Satoshi Hyuga
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31 Kitayama-cho, Tennouji-ku, Osaka 543-0035, Japan; (K.I.); (A.N.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (Y.N.); (M.M.); (K.F.); (J.M.); (T.A.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Yujiro Nakahara
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31 Kitayama-cho, Tennouji-ku, Osaka 543-0035, Japan; (K.I.); (A.N.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (Y.N.); (M.M.); (K.F.); (J.M.); (T.A.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Manabu Mikamori
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31 Kitayama-cho, Tennouji-ku, Osaka 543-0035, Japan; (K.I.); (A.N.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (Y.N.); (M.M.); (K.F.); (J.M.); (T.A.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Kenta Furukawa
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31 Kitayama-cho, Tennouji-ku, Osaka 543-0035, Japan; (K.I.); (A.N.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (Y.N.); (M.M.); (K.F.); (J.M.); (T.A.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Jeongho Moon
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31 Kitayama-cho, Tennouji-ku, Osaka 543-0035, Japan; (K.I.); (A.N.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (Y.N.); (M.M.); (K.F.); (J.M.); (T.A.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Tadafumi Asaoka
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31 Kitayama-cho, Tennouji-ku, Osaka 543-0035, Japan; (K.I.); (A.N.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (Y.N.); (M.M.); (K.F.); (J.M.); (T.A.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Kentaro Kishi
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31 Kitayama-cho, Tennouji-ku, Osaka 543-0035, Japan; (K.I.); (A.N.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (Y.N.); (M.M.); (K.F.); (J.M.); (T.A.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Awad Shamma
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.S.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hiroki Akamatsu
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31 Kitayama-cho, Tennouji-ku, Osaka 543-0035, Japan; (K.I.); (A.N.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (Y.N.); (M.M.); (K.F.); (J.M.); (T.A.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Tsunekazu Mizushima
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31 Kitayama-cho, Tennouji-ku, Osaka 543-0035, Japan; (K.I.); (A.N.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (Y.N.); (M.M.); (K.F.); (J.M.); (T.A.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.S.); (H.Y.)
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146
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Mastiha has efficacy in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases through a microRNA-155 Th17 dependent action. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105753. [PMID: 34224858 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mastiha is a natural nutritional supplement with known anti-inflammatory properties. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are immune mediated inflammatory diseases that share common pathophysiological features. Mastiha has shown beneficial effects in both diseases. MicroRNAs have emerged as key regulators of inflammation and their modulation by phytochemicals have been extensively studied over the last years. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether a common route exists in the anti-inflammatory activity of Mastiha, specifically through the regulation of miRNA levels. Plasma miR-16, miR-21 and miR-155 were measured by Real-Time PCR before and after two double blinded and placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials with Mastiha. In IBD and particularly in ulcerative colitis patients in relapse, miR-155 increased in the placebo group (p = 0.054) whereas this increase was prevented by Mastiha. The mean changes were different in the two groups even after adjusting for age, sex and BMI (p = 0.024 for IBD and p = 0.042). Although the results were not so prominent in NAFLD, miR-155 displayed a downward trend in the placebo group (p = 0.054) whereas the levels did not changed significantly in the Mastiha group in patients with less advanced fibrosis. Our results propose a regulatory role for Mastiha in circulating levels of miR-155, a critical player in T helper-17 (Th17) differentiation and function.
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147
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Yu L, Wei J, Liu P. Attacking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway for targeted therapeutic treatment in human cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 85:69-94. [PMID: 34175443 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of human death globally. PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling is one of the most frequently dysregulated signaling pathways observed in cancer patients that plays crucial roles in promoting tumor initiation, progression and therapy responses. This is largely due to that PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling is indispensable for many cellular biological processes, including cell growth, metastasis, survival, metabolism, and others. As such, small molecule inhibitors targeting major kinase components of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway have drawn extensive attention and been developed and evaluated in preclinical models and clinical trials. Targeting a single kinase component within this signaling usually causes growth arrest rather than apoptosis associated with toxicity-induced adverse effects in patients. Combination therapies including PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors show improved patient response and clinical outcome, albeit developed resistance has been reported. In this review, we focus on revealing the mechanisms leading to the hyperactivation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in cancer and summarizing efforts for developing PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors as either mono-therapy or combination therapy in different cancer settings. We hope that this review will facilitate further understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing dysregulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR oncogenic signaling in cancer and provide insights into possible future directions for targeted therapeutic regimen for cancer treatment, by developing new agents, drug delivery systems, or combination regimen to target the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This information will also provide effective patient stratification strategy to improve the patient response and clinical outcome for cancer patients with deregulated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Pengda Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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148
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Inoue K, Ng C, Xia Y, Zhao B. Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Resorption by miRNAs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:651161. [PMID: 34222229 PMCID: PMC8249944 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.651161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are specialized bone-resorbing cells that contribute to physiological bone development and remodeling in bone metabolism throughout life. Abnormal production and activation of osteoclasts lead to excessive bone resorption in pathological conditions, such as in osteoporosis and in arthritic diseases with bone destruction. Recent epigenetic studies have shed novel insight into the dogma of the regulation of gene expression. microRNAs belong to a category of epigenetic regulators, which post-transcriptionally regulate and silence target gene expression, and thereby control a variety of biological events. In this review, we discuss miRNA biogenesis, the mechanisms utilized by miRNAs, several miRNAs that play important roles in osteoclast differentiation, function, survival and osteoblast-to-osteoclast communication, and their translational potential and challenges in bone biology and skeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Inoue
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Courtney Ng
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yuhan Xia
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States
| | - Baohong Zhao
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Baohong Zhao,
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149
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Selvaraj M, Greco P, Sensi M, Saygin GD, Bellassai N, D'Agata R, Spoto G, Biscarini F. Label free detection of miRNA-21 with electrolyte gated organic field effect transistors (EGOFETs). Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 182:113144. [PMID: 33799026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a dual gate/common channel organic transistor architecture designed for quantifying the concentration of one of the strands of miRNA-21 in solution. The device allows one to measure the differential response between two gate electrodes, viz. one sensing and one reference, both immersed in the electrolyte above the transistor channel. Hybridization with oligonucleotide in the picomolar regime induces a sizable reduction of the current flowing through the transistor channel. The device signal is reported at various gate voltages, showing maximum sensitivity in the sublinear regime, with a limit of detection as low as 35 pM. We describe the dose curves with an analytical function derived from a thermodynamic model of the reaction equilibria relevant in our experiment and device configuration, and we show that the apparent Hill dependence on analyte concentration, whose exponent lies between 0.5 and 1, emerges from the interplay of the different equilibria. The binding free energy characteristic of the hybridization on the device surface is found to be approximately 20% lower with respect to the reaction in solution, hinting to partially inhibiting effect of the surface and presence of competing reactions. Impedance spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) performed on the same oligonucleotide pair were correlated to the electronic current transduced by the EGOFET, and confirmed the selectivity of the biorecognition probe covalently bound on the gold surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Selvaraj
- Scriba Nanotecnologie s.r.l., Via di Corticella 183/8, I-40128, Bologna, Italy; Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, I-95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Greco
- Department of Life Sciences, Università, Degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125, Modena, Italy.
| | - Matteo Sensi
- Department of Life Sciences, Università, Degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Gulseren Deniz Saygin
- Scriba Nanotecnologie s.r.l., Via di Corticella 183/8, I-40128, Bologna, Italy; Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, Università, Degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Noemi Bellassai
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, I-95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta D'Agata
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, I-95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spoto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, I-95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Biscarini
- Department of Life Sciences, Università, Degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125, Modena, Italy; Center for Translational Neurophysiology - Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44100, Ferrara, Italy
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150
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Costanzi E, Simioni C, Varano G, Brenna C, Conti I, Neri LM. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Shuttles of RNA and Their Clinical Significance as Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060902. [PMID: 34207985 PMCID: PMC8230662 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted interest as mediators of intercellular communication following the discovery that EVs contain RNA molecules, including non-coding RNA (ncRNA). Growing evidence for the enrichment of peculiar RNA species in specific EV subtypes has been demonstrated. ncRNAs, transferred from donor cells to recipient cells, confer to EVs the feature to regulate the expression of genes involved in differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and other biological processes. These multiple actions require accuracy in the isolation of RNA content from EVs and the methodologies used play a relevant role. In liver, EVs play a crucial role in regulating cell-cell communications and several pathophysiological events in the heterogeneous liver class of cells via horizontal transfer of their cargo. This review aims to discuss the rising role of EVs and their ncRNAs content in regulating specific aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma development, including tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis. We analyze the progress in EV-ncRNAs' potential clinical applications as important diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for liver conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Costanzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (G.V.); (C.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Carolina Simioni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA)—Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gabriele Varano
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (G.V.); (C.B.); (I.C.)
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA)—Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cinzia Brenna
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (G.V.); (C.B.); (I.C.)
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA)—Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Conti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (G.V.); (C.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Luca Maria Neri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (G.V.); (C.B.); (I.C.)
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA)—Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0532-455940
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