101
|
Reis JF, Monteiro VVS, de Souza Gomes R, do Carmo MM, da Costa GV, Ribera PC, Monteiro MC. Action mechanism and cardiovascular effect of anthocyanins: a systematic review of animal and human studies. J Transl Med 2016; 14:315. [PMID: 27846846 PMCID: PMC5111351 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are an important cause of death worldwide. Anthocyanins are a subgroup of flavonoids found in berries, flowers, fruits and leaves. In epidemiological and clinical studies, these polyphenols have been associated with improved cardiovascular risk profiles as well as decreased comorbidities. Human intervention studies using berries, vegetables, parts of plants and cereals (either fresh or as juice) or purified anthocyanin-rich extracts have demonstrated significant improvements in low density lipoproteins oxidation, lipid peroxidation, total plasma antioxidant capacity, and dyslipidemia as well as reduced levels of CVD molecular biomarkers. This review discusses the use of anthocyanins in animal models and their applications in human medicine, as dietary supplements or as new potent drugs against cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordano Ferreira Reis
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | | | - Rafaelli de Souza Gomes
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Moraes do Carmo
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Glauber Vilhena da Costa
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Paula Cardoso Ribera
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Del Bo’ C, Deon V, Porrini M, Campolo J, Parolini M, Riso P. Intra- and interday repeatability of peripheral arterial function: suitability and potential limitations. Microcirculation 2016; 23:503-511. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Del Bo’
- Division of Human Nutrition; Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Valeria Deon
- Division of Human Nutrition; Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Division of Human Nutrition; Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Jonica Campolo
- CardioThoracic and Vascular Department; CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology; Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital; Milan Italy
| | - Marina Parolini
- CardioThoracic and Vascular Department; CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology; Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital; Milan Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Division of Human Nutrition; Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Tomé-Carneiro J, Visioli F. Polyphenol-based nutraceuticals for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease: Review of human evidence. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1145-1174. [PMID: 26776959 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to prescription drugs, nutraceuticals/functional foods/medical foods are being increasingly added as adjunct treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD), even though most of them have been exclusively studied in vitro. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We review the available evidence (focusing on when the amount of polyphenols' intake was measured) coming from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of (poly)phenol-based supplements. CONCLUSION We conclude that (poly)phenol-based nutraceuticals and functional foods might be indeed used as adjunct therapy of CVD, but additional long-term RCTs with adequate numerosity and with clinically relevant end points are needed to provide unequivocal evidence of their clinical usefulness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joao Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) - Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) - Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy .
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Vendrame S, Del Bo' C, Ciappellano S, Riso P, Klimis-Zacas D. Berry Fruit Consumption and Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:antiox5040034. [PMID: 27706020 PMCID: PMC5187532 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome is a cluster of risk factors which often includes central obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, as well as a pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidant, and pro-thrombotic environment. This leads to a dramatically increased risk of developing type II diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death both in the United States and worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests that berry fruit consumption has a significant potential in the prevention and treatment of most risk factors associated with Metabolic Syndrome and its cardiovascular complications in the human population. This is likely due to the presence of polyphenols with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, such as anthocyanins and/or phenolic acids. The present review summarizes the findings of recent dietary interventions with berry fruits on human subjects with or at risk of Metabolic Syndrome. It also discusses the potential role of berries as part of a dietary strategy which could greatly reduce the need for pharmacotherapy, associated with potentially deleterious side effects and constituting a considerable financial burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Vendrame
- School of Food and Agriculture, Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- DeFENS-Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Ciappellano
- DeFENS-Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Riso
- DeFENS-Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Dorothy Klimis-Zacas
- School of Food and Agriculture, Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Cassidy A, Bertoia M, Chiuve S, Flint A, Forman J, Rimm EB. Habitual intake of anthocyanins and flavanones and risk of cardiovascular disease in men. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:587-94. [PMID: 27488237 PMCID: PMC4997299 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.133132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although increased fruit intake reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, which fruits are most beneficial and what key constituents are responsible are unclear. Habitual intakes of flavonoids, specifically anthocyanins and flavanones, in which >90% of habitual intake is derived from fruit, are associated with decreased CVD risk in women, but associations in men are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE We examined the relation between habitual anthocyanin and flavanone intake and coronary artery disease and stroke in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. DESIGN We followed 43,880 healthy men who had no prior diagnosed CVD or cancer. Flavonoid intake was calculated with the use of validated food-frequency questionnaires. RESULTS During 24 y of follow-up, 4046 myocardial infarction (MI) and 1572 stroke cases were confirmed by medical records. Although higher anthocyanin intake was not associated with total or fatal MI risk, after multivariate adjustment an inverse association with nonfatal MI was observed (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.00; P = 0.04; P-trend = 0.098); this association was stronger in normotensive participants (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.96; P-interaction = 0.03). Anthocyanin intake was not associated with stroke risk. Although flavanone intake was not associated with MI or total stroke risk, higher intake was associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.97; P = 0.03, P-trend = 0.059), with the greatest magnitude in participants aged ≥65 y (P-interaction = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Higher intakes of fruit-based flavonoids were associated with a lower risk of nonfatal MI and ischemic stroke in men. Mechanistic studies and clinical trials are needed to unravel the differential benefits of anthocyanin- and flavanone-rich foods on cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aedín Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Bertoia
- Departments of Nutrition and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Stephanie Chiuve
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - John Forman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Osanai T, Mikami K, Kitajima M, Urushizaka M, Kawasaki K, Tomisawa T, Itaki C, Noto Y, Magota K, Tomita H. Nutritional regulation of coupling factor 6, a novel vasoactive and proatherogenic peptide. Nutrition 2016; 37:74-78. [PMID: 28359367 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High sodium, high glucose, and obesity are important risk factors for age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVDs), stroke, and cancer. Coupling factor 6 (CF6) is released from vascular endothelial cells and functions as a circulating peptide that inhibits prostacyclin and nitric oxide generation by intracellular acidosis. High glucose elevates CF6 by activation of protein kinase C and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, whereas CF6 causes type 2 diabetes mellitus, resulting in a high glucose vicious cycle. Low glucose increases inhibitory factor peptide 1, an endogenous inhibitor of CF6. High salt intake increases CF6 through nuclear factor κB signaling, whereas CF6 induces salt-sensitive hypertension and salt-induced congestive heart failure. Oral administration of vitamin C cancels salt-induced increase in CF6, and estrogen replacement leads to the delayed onset of CF6-induced salt-sensitive hypertension and the rescue from cardiac systolic dysfunction. Because CF6 contributes to the onset of CVDs, nutritional regulation of CF6 will shed light on the understanding of preventive strategy and mechanisms for CVDs and a target for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Osanai
- Department of Nursing Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, Hirosaki, Japan.
| | - Kasumi Mikami
- Department of Nursing Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Maiko Kitajima
- Department of Nursing Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Mayumi Urushizaka
- Department of Nursing Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kawasaki
- Department of Nursing Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Toshiko Tomisawa
- Department of Nursing Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Chieko Itaki
- Department of Nursing Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yuka Noto
- Department of Nursing Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Koji Magota
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Biologics Technology Research Laboratories Group 1, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tomita
- Department of Cardiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Spigoni V, Mena P, Cito M, Fantuzzi F, Bonadonna RC, Brighenti F, Dei Cas A, Del Rio D. Effects on Nitric Oxide Production of Urolithins, Gut-Derived Ellagitannin Metabolites, in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21081009. [PMID: 27490528 PMCID: PMC6274502 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of foodstuffs yielding circulating compounds able to maintain endothelial function by improving nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability can be considered as an effective strategy for cardiovascular disease prevention. This work assessed the in vitro effects of urolithin A, urolithin B, and urolithin B-glucuronide, ellagitannin-derived metabolites of colonic origin, on NO release and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activation in primary human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Urolithins were tested both individually at 15 μM and as a mixture of 5 μM each, at different time points. The biotransformation of these molecules in cell media due to cell metabolism was also evaluated by UHPLC-MSn. The mix of urolithins at 5 μM significantly increased nitrite/nitrate levels following 24 h of incubation, while single urolithins at 15 μM did not modify NO bioavailability. Both the mix of urolithins at 5 μM and urolithin B-glucuronide at 15 μM activated eNOS expression. All urolithins underwent metabolic reactions, but these were limited to conjugation with sulfate moieties. This study represents a step forward in the understanding of cardiovascular health benefits of ellagitannin-rich foodstuffs and backs the idea that peripheral cells may contribute to urolithin metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Spigoni
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy.
| | - Pedro Mena
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parma 43125, Italy.
| | - Monia Cito
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy.
| | - Federica Fantuzzi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy.
- Division of Endocrinology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy.
| | - Riccardo C Bonadonna
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy.
- Division of Endocrinology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy.
| | - Furio Brighenti
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parma 43125, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Dei Cas
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy.
- Division of Endocrinology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy.
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parma 43125, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Blumberg JB, Basu A, Krueger CG, Lila MA, Neto CC, Novotny JA, Reed JD, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Toner CD. Impact of Cranberries on Gut Microbiota and Cardiometabolic Health: Proceedings of the Cranberry Health Research Conference 2015. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:759S-70S. [PMID: 27422512 PMCID: PMC4942875 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.012583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cranberry research have expanded the evidence for the role of this Vaccinium berry fruit in modulating gut microbiota function and cardiometabolic risk factors. The A-type structure of cranberry proanthocyanidins seems to be responsible for much of this fruit's efficacy as a natural antimicrobial. Cranberry proanthocyanidins interfere with colonization of the gut by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in vitro and attenuate gut barrier dysfunction caused by dietary insults in vivo. Furthermore, new studies indicate synergy between these proanthocyanidins, other cranberry components such as isoprenoids and xyloglucans, and gut microbiota. Together, cranberry constituents and their bioactive catabolites have been found to contribute to mechanisms affecting bacterial adhesion, coaggregation, and biofilm formation that may underlie potential clinical benefits on gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections, as well as on systemic anti-inflammatory actions mediated via the gut microbiome. A limited but growing body of evidence from randomized clinical trials reveals favorable effects of cranberry consumption on measures of cardiometabolic health, including serum lipid profiles, blood pressure, endothelial function, glucoregulation, and a variety of biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. These results warrant further research, particularly studies dedicated to the elucidation of dose-response relations, pharmacokinetic/metabolomics profiles, and relevant biomarkers of action with the use of fully characterized cranberry products. Freeze-dried whole cranberry powder and a matched placebo were recently made available to investigators to facilitate such work, including interlaboratory comparability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Blumberg
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA;
| | | | - Christian G Krueger
- Complete Phytochemical Solutions, LLC, Cambridge, WI; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | | | - Janet A Novotny
- USDA Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD
| | - Jess D Reed
- Complete Phytochemical Solutions, LLC, Cambridge, WI; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | - Cheryl D Toner
- The Cranberry Institute, Carver, MA; and CDT Consulting, LLC, Herndon, VA
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Effect of hydrothermodynamic (HTD) processing on physical and chemical qualities of American cranberry puree using response surface methodology (RSM). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
110
|
Rodriguez-Mateos A, Feliciano RP, Boeres A, Weber T, Dos Santos CN, Ventura MR, Heiss C. Cranberry (poly)phenol metabolites correlate with improvements in vascular function: A double-blind, randomized, controlled, dose-response, crossover study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2130-2140. [PMID: 27242317 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Cranberries are rich in potentially bioactive (poly)phenols. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether cranberry juice intake can improve vascular function in healthy men in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and to understand which of the circulating (poly)phenol metabolites correlate with vascular effects. METHODS AND RESULTS A double-blind randomized controlled crossover trial was conducted in ten healthy males. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), blood pressure, pulse wave velocity and augmentation index were investigated at baseline, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h post-consumption of cranberry juices containing 409, 787, 1238, 1534, and 1910 mg of total cranberry (poly)phenols (TP), and a control drink. Plasma (poly)phenol metabolites were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF MS using authentic standards. We observed dose-dependent increases in FMD at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h with a peak at 4 h and maximal effects with juice containing 1238 mg TP. A total of 60 metabolites were quantified in plasma after cranberry consumption. Twelve (poly)phenol metabolites significantly correlated with the increases in FMD, including ferulic and caffeic acid sulfates, quercetin-3-O-ß-D-glucuronide and a γ-valerolactone sulfate. CONCLUSION (Poly)phenols in cranberry juice can improve vascular function in healthy males and this is linked to the presence of specific newly identified plasma metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Rodrigo P Feliciano
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Albert Boeres
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Timon Weber
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Nunes Dos Santos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - M Rita Ventura
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Christian Heiss
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Feliciano RP, Boeres A, Massacessi L, Istas G, Ventura MR, Nunes dos Santos C, Heiss C, Rodriguez-Mateos A. Identification and quantification of novel cranberry-derived plasma and urinary (poly)phenols. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 599:31-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
112
|
Keane KM, George TW, Constantinou CL, Brown MA, Clifford T, Howatson G. Effects of Montmorency tart cherry (Prunus Cerasus L.) consumption on vascular function in men with early hypertension. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:1531-9. [PMID: 27146650 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.123869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tart cherries contain numerous polyphenolic compounds that could potentially improve endothelial function and reduce cardiovascular disease risk. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the acute effects of Montmorency tart cherry (MC) juice on vascular function in subjects with early hypertension. DESIGN A placebo-controlled, blinded, crossover, randomized Latin square design study with a washout period of ≥14 d was conducted. Fifteen men with early hypertension [systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥130 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mm Hg, or both] received either a 60-mL dose of MC concentrate or placebo. Microvascular reactivity (laser Doppler imaging with iontophoresis), arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity and analysis), blood pressure, and phenolic acid absorption were assessed at baseline and at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 h postconsumption. RESULTS MC consumption significantly lowered SBP (P < 0.05) over a period of 3 h, with peak reductions of mean ± SEM 7 ± 3 mm Hg 2 h after MC consumption relative to the placebo. Improvements in cardiovascular disease risk factors were closely linked to increases in circulating protocatechuic and vanillic acid at 1-2 h. CONCLUSIONS MC intake acutely reduces SBP in men with early hypertension. These benefits may be mechanistically linked to the actions of circulating phenolic acids. This study provides information on a new application of MCs in health maintenance, particularly in positively modulating SBP. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02234648.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Keane
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Trevor W George
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Costas L Constantinou
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Meghan A Brown
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Tom Clifford
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, Northwest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Hannon DB, Thompson JT, Khoo C, Juturu V, Vanden Heuvel JP. Effects of cranberry extracts on gene expression in THP-1 cells. Food Sci Nutr 2016; 5:148-159. [PMID: 28070326 PMCID: PMC5217924 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranberry contains high levels of nutrients and bioactive molecules that have health‐promoting properties. The purpose of the present studies was to determine if cranberry extracts (CEs) contain phytochemicals that exert anti‐inflammatory effects. The human monocytic cell line THP‐1 was treated with two CEs (CE and 90MX) and subsequently challenged with Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) expression was decreased in the CE‐treated cells, indicative of an anti‐inflammatory effect. Gene expression microarrays identified several immune‐related genes that were responsive to CEs including interferon‐induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 and 3 (IFIT 1 and 3), macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) and colony‐stimulating factor 2 (CSF2). In addition, in the CE‐treated cells, metallothionein 1F and other metal‐responsive genes were induced. Taken together, this data indicates that CEs contain bioactive components that have anti‐inflammatory effects and may protect cells from oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Hannon
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Penn State University 325 Life Sciences Building University Park Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Jerry T Thompson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Penn State University 325 Life Sciences Building University Park Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Christina Khoo
- Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. One Ocean Spray Drive Lakeville-Middleboro Massachusetts 02349
| | - Vijaya Juturu
- UnitedBio-Med Inc. 102 Hunters Run Dobbs Ferry New York 10502
| | - John P Vanden Heuvel
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Penn State University 325 Life Sciences Building University Park Pennsylvania 16802; INDIGO Biosciences Inc.1981 Pine Hall Road State College Pennsylvania 16801
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Effects of Berries Consumption on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Meta-analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23625. [PMID: 27006201 PMCID: PMC4804301 DOI: 10.1038/srep23625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of berries consumption on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have not been systematically examined. Here, we aimed to conduct a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis to estimate the effect of berries consumption on CVD risk factors. PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that regarding the effects of berries consumption in either healthy participants or patients with CVD. Twenty-two eligible RCTs representing 1,251 subjects were enrolled. The pooled result showed that berries consumption significantly lowered the low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol [weighted mean difference (WMD), −0.21 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.34 to −0.07; P = 0.003], systolic blood pressure (SBP) (WMD, −2.72 mmHg; 95% CI, −5.32 to −0.12; P = 0.04), fasting glucose (WMD, −0.10 mmol/L; 95% CI, −0.17 to −0.03; P = 0.004), body mass index (BMI) (WMD, −0.36 kg/m2; 95% CI, −0.54 to −0.18, P < 0.00001), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (WMD, −0.20%; 95% CI, −0.39 to −0.01; P = 0.04) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (WMD, −0.99 ρg/mL; 95% CI, −1.96 to −0.02; P = 0.04). However, no significant changes were seen in other markers. The current evidence suggests that berries consumption might be utilized as a possible new effective and safe supplementary option to better prevent and control CVD in humans.
Collapse
|
115
|
Bell L, Lamport DJ, Butler LT, Williams CM. A Review of the Cognitive Effects Observed in Humans Following Acute Supplementation with Flavonoids, and Their Associated Mechanisms of Action. Nutrients 2015; 7:10290-306. [PMID: 26690214 PMCID: PMC4690090 DOI: 10.3390/nu7125538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found in varying concentrations in many plant-based foods. Recent studies suggest that flavonoids can be beneficial to both cognitive and physiological health. Long term flavonoid supplementation over a period of weeks or months has been extensively investigated and reviewed, particularly with respect to cognitive ageing and neurodegenerative disease. Significantly less focus has been directed towards the short term effects of single doses of flavonoids on cognition. Here, we review 21 such studies with particular emphasis on the subclass and dose of flavonoids administered, the cognitive domains affected by flavonoid supplementation, and the effect size of the response. The emerging evidence suggests that flavonoids may be beneficial to attention, working memory, and psychomotor processing speed in a general population. Episodic memory effects are less well defined and may be restricted to child or older adult populations. The evidence also points towards a dose-dependent effect of flavonoids, but the physiological mechanisms of action remain unclear. Overall, there is encouraging evidence that flavonoid supplementation can benefit cognitive outcomes within an acute time frame of 0–6 h. But larger studies, combining cognitive and physiological measures, are needed to strengthen the evidence base.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Bell
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AL, UK.
| | - Daniel J Lamport
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AL, UK.
| | - Laurie T Butler
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AL, UK.
| | - Claire M Williams
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Effects of Vaccinium Berries on Serum Lipids: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:790329. [PMID: 26345230 PMCID: PMC4546752 DOI: 10.1155/2015/790329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of anthocyanins consumption on cardiovascular risk are supported by mechanistic and epidemiologic evidence. In order to explore the effects of Vaccinium berries rich in anthocyanins on serum lipids, we conducted a meta-analysis of relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Sixteen studies with 1109 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Significant heterogeneity confirmed differential effects between Vaccinium subclasses. The whortleberry group is significantly superior to placebo in lipids improvement. Besides, bilberry groups show significant differences in reducing LDL-C and increasing HDL-C in comparison with other treatments. For many of the other subgroups and comparison arms, there was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about efficacy.
Collapse
|
117
|
Del Bo' C, Porrini M, Fracassetti D, Campolo J, Klimis-Zacas D, Riso P. A single serving of blueberry (V. corymbosum) modulates peripheral arterial dysfunction induced by acute cigarette smoking in young volunteers: a randomized-controlled trial. Food Funct 2015; 5:3107-16. [PMID: 25263326 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00570h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking causes oxidative stress, hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. Polyphenol-rich foods may prevent these conditions. We investigated the effect of a single serving of fresh-frozen blueberry intake on peripheral arterial function and arterial stiffness in young smokers. Sixteen male smokers were recruited for a 3-armed randomized-controlled study with the following experimental conditions: smoking treatment (one cigarette); blueberry treatment (300 g of blueberry) + smoking; control treatment (300 mL of water with sugar) + smoking. Each treatment was separated by one week of wash-out period. The blood pressure, heart rate, peripheral arterial function (reactive hyperemia and Framingham reactive hyperemia), and arterial stiffness (digital augmentation index, digital augmentation index normalized for a heart rate of 75 bpm) were measured before and 20 min after smoking with Endo-PAT2000. Smoking impaired the blood pressure, heart rate and peripheral arterial function, but did not affect the arterial stiffness. Blueberry consumption counteracted the impairment of the reactive hyperemia index induced by smoking (-4.4 ± 0.8% blueberry treatment vs. -22.0 ± 1.1% smoking treatment, p < 0.01) and Framingham reactive hyperemia (+28.3 ± 19.2% blueberry treatment vs. -42.8 ± 20.0% smoking treatment, p < 0.0001), and the increase of systolic blood pressure (+8.4 ± 0.02% blueberry treatment vs. +13.1 ± 0.02% smoking treatment, mmHg, p < 0.05) after cigarette smoking. No effect was observed for arterial stiffness and other vital signs. In conclusion, data obtained suggest a protective role of blueberry on reactive hyperemia, Framingham reactive hyperemia, and systolic blood pressure in subjects exposed to smoke of one cigarette. Future studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Del Bo'
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milano, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
118
|
Habauzit V, Verny MA, Milenkovic D, Barber-Chamoux N, Mazur A, Dubray C, Morand C. Flavanones protect from arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women consuming grapefruit juice for 6 mo: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:66-74. [PMID: 26016866 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.104646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of citrus fruits is associated with health benefits. However, clinical data regarding the effects of grapefruit flavanone consumption on vascular function are lacking. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to address the role of flavanones in the long-term effects induced by grapefruit juice (GFJ) consumption on vascular function in healthy postmenopausal women. DESIGN Forty-eight healthy postmenopausal women aged 50-65 y within 3-10 y since menopause, a body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 19-30, and a waist size >88 cm completed this double-blind, randomized, controlled, crossover trial. These volunteers were randomly assigned to consume 340 mL GFJ/d, providing 210 mg naringenin glycosides, or a matched control drink without flavanones for 6 mo each, with a 2-mo washout between beverages. The primary endpoint was the assessment of endothelial function in the brachial artery by using flow-mediated dilation. Blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and endothelial function in the peripheral arterial bed were also evaluated as indicators of vascular function. These measurements and blood collection for clinical biochemical markers were performed in overnight-fasted subjects before and after the 6-mo treatment periods. RESULTS The mean ± SD carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, which reflects central aortic stiffness, was statistically significantly lower after consumption of GFJ (7.36 ± 1.15 m/s) than after consumption of the matched control drink without flavanones (7.70 ± 1.36 m/s), with a P value of 0.019 for the treatment effect. Endothelial function in macro- and microcirculation, blood pressure, anthropometric measures, glucose metabolism, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress were not affected by the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Regular GFJ consumption by middle-aged, healthy postmenopausal women is beneficial for arterial stiffness. This effect may be related to flavanones present in grapefruit. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01272167.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Habauzit
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Joint Research Unit (UMR) 1019, Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), Research Center for Human Nutrition Auvergne (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIC 501, UMR 766, Clermont-Ferrand, France; and
| | - Marie-Anne Verny
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Joint Research Unit (UMR) 1019, Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), Research Center for Human Nutrition Auvergne (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Joint Research Unit (UMR) 1019, Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), Research Center for Human Nutrition Auvergne (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Barber-Chamoux
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Joint Research Unit (UMR) 1019, Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), Research Center for Human Nutrition Auvergne (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Department of Cardiology, Gabriel Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Andrzej Mazur
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Joint Research Unit (UMR) 1019, Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), Research Center for Human Nutrition Auvergne (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claude Dubray
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIC 501, UMR 766, Clermont-Ferrand, France; and
| | - Christine Morand
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Joint Research Unit (UMR) 1019, Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), Research Center for Human Nutrition Auvergne (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Rangel-Huerta OD, Pastor-Villaescusa B, Aguilera CM, Gil A. A Systematic Review of the Efficacy of Bioactive Compounds in Cardiovascular Disease: Phenolic Compounds. Nutrients 2015; 7:5177-216. [PMID: 26132993 PMCID: PMC4516993 DOI: 10.3390/nu7075177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is rising and is the prime cause of death in all developed countries. Bioactive compounds (BAC) can have a role in CVD prevention and treatment. The aim of this work was to examine the scientific evidence supporting phenolic BAC efficacy in CVD prevention and treatment by a systematic review. Databases utilized were Medline, LILACS and EMBASE, and all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with prospective, parallel or crossover designs in humans in which the effects of BAC were compared with that of placebo/control were included. Vascular homeostasis, blood pressure, endothelial function, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers were considered as primary outcomes. Cohort, ecological or case-control studies were not included. We selected 72 articles and verified their quality based on the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, establishing diverse quality levels of scientific evidence according to two features: the design and bias risk of a study. Moreover, a grade of recommendation was included, depending on evidence strength of antecedents. Evidence shows that certain polyphenols, such as flavonols can be helpful in decreasing CVD risk factors. However, further rigorous evidence is necessary to support the BAC effect on CVD prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar D Rangel-Huerta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada, Conocimiento Avenue, 18006 Granada, Spain.
| | - Belen Pastor-Villaescusa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada, Conocimiento Avenue, 18006 Granada, Spain.
| | - Concepcion M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada, Conocimiento Avenue, 18006 Granada, Spain.
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada, Conocimiento Avenue, 18006 Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Chen CYO, Holbrook M, Duess MA, Dohadwala MM, Hamburg NM, Asztalos BF, Milbury PE, Blumberg JB, Vita JA. Effect of almond consumption on vascular function in patients with coronary artery disease: a randomized, controlled, cross-over trial. Nutr J 2015; 14:61. [PMID: 26080804 PMCID: PMC4469426 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Almonds reduce cardiovascular disease risk via cholesterol reduction, anti-inflammation, glucoregulation, and antioxidation. The objective of this randomized, controlled, cross-over trial was to determine whether the addition of 85 g almonds daily to a National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Step 1 diet (ALM) for 6 weeks would improve vascular function and inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A randomized, controlled, crossover trial was conducted in Boston, MA to test whether as compared to a control NCEP Step 1 diet absent nuts (CON), incorporation of almonds (85 g/day) into the CON diet (ALM) would improve vascular function and inflammation. The study duration was 22 weeks including a 6-weeks run-in period, two 6-weeks intervention phases, and a 4-weeks washout period between the intervention phases. A total of 45 CAD patients (27 F/18 M, 45-77 y, BMI = 20-41 kg/m(2)) completed the study. Drug therapies used by patients were stable throughout the duration of the trial. RESULTS The addition of almonds to the CON diet increased plasma α-tocopherol status by a mean of 5.8%, reflecting patient compliance (P ≤0.05). However, the ALM diet did not alter vascular function assessed by measures of flow-mediated dilation, peripheral arterial tonometry, and pulse wave velocity. Further, the ALM diet did not significantly modify the serum lipid profile, blood pressure, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α or E-selectin. The ALM diet tended to decrease vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 by 5.3% (P = 0.064) and increase urinary nitric oxide by 17.5% (P = 0.112). The ALM intervention improved the overall quality of the diet by increasing calcium, magnesium, choline, and fiber intakes above the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). CONCLUSIONS Thus, the addition of almonds to a NECP Step 1 diet did not significantly impact vascular function, lipid profile or systematic inflammation in CAD patients receiving good medical care and polypharmacy therapies but did improve diet quality without any untoward effect. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered with the ClinicalTrials.Gov with the identifier: NCT00782015.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C-Y Oliver Chen
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Monika Holbrook
- Evans Department of Medicine and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mai-Ann Duess
- Evans Department of Medicine and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mustali M Dohadwala
- Evans Department of Medicine and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Naomi M Hamburg
- Evans Department of Medicine and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Bela F Asztalos
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Paul E Milbury
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jeffrey B Blumberg
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Joseph A Vita
- Evans Department of Medicine and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Wightman JD, Heuberger RA. Effect of grape and other berries on cardiovascular health. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:1584-1597. [PMID: 25171728 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death globally. Many cardiovascular risk factors can be modified through lifestyle modification, including dietary patterns that emphasize daily consumption of a variety of fruits and vegetables. Recent observational and clinical studies suggest that flavonoids, especially those abundant in grapes and other berries, may be associated with health benefits, particularly cardiovascular benefits. Human clinical data support cardioprotective benefits of grapes through inhibition of platelet aggregation, decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, reduction in oxidative stress and improvements in endothelial function. Emerging evidence suggests that grapes may also have a favorable effect on blood lipids, decrease inflammation and reduce blood pressure in certain populations. Studies to date have shown that berries can have a beneficial effect on reducing LDL oxidation. Limited data suggest that berries may have a favorable effect on endothelial health and blood pressure. This review summarizes the current literature on human clinical studies examining the cardioprotective benefits of grapes and berries. Collectively, these data support the recommendation to incorporate products made with grapes and other berries into a heart-healthy diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JoLynne D Wightman
- JD Wightman was employed by Welch Foods Inc. while this work was done and has a permanent address of: Welch Foods, Inc., 300 Baker Avenue, Suite 101, Concord, MA, 01742, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
122
|
Novotny JA, Baer DJ, Khoo C, Gebauer SK, Charron CS. Cranberry juice consumption lowers markers of cardiometabolic risk, including blood pressure and circulating C-reactive protein, triglyceride, and glucose concentrations in adults. J Nutr 2015; 145:1185-93. [PMID: 25904733 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.203190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiometabolic risk is the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, or stroke, which are leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the potential of low-calorie cranberry juice (LCCJ) to lower cardiometabolic risk. METHODS A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study was conducted with controlled diets. Thirty women and 26 men (mean baseline characteristics: 50 y; weight, 79 kg; body mass index, 28 kg/m(2)) completed an 8-wk intervention with LCCJ or a flavor/color/energy-matched placebo beverage. Twice daily volunteers consumed 240 mL of LCCJ or the placebo beverage, containing 173 or 62 mg of phenolic compounds and 6.5 or 7.5 g of total sugar per 240-mL serving, respectively. RESULTS Fasting serum triglycerides (TGs) were lower after consuming LCCJ and demonstrated a treatment × baseline interaction such that the participants with higher baseline TG concentrations were more likely to experience a larger treatment effect (1.15 ± 0.04 mmol/L vs. 1.25 ± 0.04 mmol/L, respectively; P = 0.027). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was lower for individuals consuming LCCJ than for individuals consuming the placebo beverage [ln transformed values of 0.522 ± 0.115 ln(mg/L) vs. 0.997 ± 0.120 ln(mg/L), P = 0.0054, respectively, and equivalent to 1.69 mg/L vs. 2.71 mg/L back-transformed]. LCCJ lowered diastolic blood pressure (BP) compared with the placebo beverage (69.2 ± 0.8 mm Hg for LCCJ vs. 71.6 ± 0.8 mm Hg for placebo; P = 0.048). Fasting plasma glucose was lower (P = 0.03) in the LCCJ group (5.32 ± 0.03 mmol/L) than in the placebo group (5.42 ± 0.03 mmol/L), and LCCJ had a beneficial effect on homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance for participants with high baseline values (P = 0.035). CONCLUSION LCCJ can improve several risk factors of CVD in adults, including circulating TGs, CRP, and glucose, insulin resistance, and diastolic BP. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01295684.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet A Novotny
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD; and
| | - David J Baer
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD; and
| | - Christina Khoo
- Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., Lakeville-Middleborough, MA
| | - Sarah K Gebauer
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD; and
| | - Craig S Charron
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD; and
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Balentine DA, Dwyer JT, Erdman JW, Ferruzzi MG, Gaine PC, Harnly JM, Kwik-Uribe CL. Recommendations on reporting requirements for flavonoids in research. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:1113-25. [PMID: 25854881 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.071274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous observational and intervention-based human studies support the notion of a beneficial role for dietary flavonoids in human health. Despite these studies, it is not yet possible to make dietary recommendations with regard to the types and amounts of flavonoids to be consumed. The inherent diversity of flavonoid structure, chemistry, and natural distribution in foods lends itself to errors in reporting the types and/or amounts of flavonoids consumed, as well as incomplete recognition of requirements for intervention studies that aim to assess their benefits in a clinical setting. A need exists for guidelines that facilitate the design and reporting of flavonoid research. With a focus on clinical studies, this article 1) outlines limitations commonly encountered in the field of flavonoid research, including the inconsistent use of nomenclature, inappropriate analytic methods, inconsistent use of existing flavonoid databases, and the lack of full consideration in the design of test materials for intervention trials, and 2) provides guidance for future studies with a focus on clinical intervention trials. Adoption of this guidance will facilitate more accurate and interpretable research that will support the development of dietary recommendations regarding the intake of flavonoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Balentine
- From Unilever, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (DAB); Tufts University, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA (JTD); University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL (JWE); Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (MGF); The Sugar Association, Washington, DC (PCG); USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD (JMH); and Mars, Incorporated, McLean, VA (CLK-U)
| | - Johanna T Dwyer
- From Unilever, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (DAB); Tufts University, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA (JTD); University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL (JWE); Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (MGF); The Sugar Association, Washington, DC (PCG); USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD (JMH); and Mars, Incorporated, McLean, VA (CLK-U)
| | - John W Erdman
- From Unilever, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (DAB); Tufts University, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA (JTD); University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL (JWE); Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (MGF); The Sugar Association, Washington, DC (PCG); USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD (JMH); and Mars, Incorporated, McLean, VA (CLK-U).
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- From Unilever, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (DAB); Tufts University, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA (JTD); University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL (JWE); Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (MGF); The Sugar Association, Washington, DC (PCG); USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD (JMH); and Mars, Incorporated, McLean, VA (CLK-U)
| | - P Courtney Gaine
- From Unilever, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (DAB); Tufts University, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA (JTD); University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL (JWE); Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (MGF); The Sugar Association, Washington, DC (PCG); USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD (JMH); and Mars, Incorporated, McLean, VA (CLK-U)
| | - James M Harnly
- From Unilever, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (DAB); Tufts University, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA (JTD); University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL (JWE); Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (MGF); The Sugar Association, Washington, DC (PCG); USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD (JMH); and Mars, Incorporated, McLean, VA (CLK-U)
| | - Catherine L Kwik-Uribe
- From Unilever, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (DAB); Tufts University, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA (JTD); University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL (JWE); Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (MGF); The Sugar Association, Washington, DC (PCG); USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD (JMH); and Mars, Incorporated, McLean, VA (CLK-U)
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Blanch N, Clifton PM, Keogh JB. A systematic review of vascular and endothelial function: effects of fruit, vegetable and potassium intake. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:253-266. [PMID: 25456155 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM To review the relationships between: 1) Potassium and endothelial function; 2) Fruits and vegetables and endothelial function; 3) Potassium and other measures of vascular function; 4) Fruits and vegetables and other measures of vascular function. DATA SYNTHESIS An electronic search for intervention trials investigating the effect of potassium, fruits and vegetables on vascular function was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Potassium appears to improve endothelial function with a dose of >40 mmol/d, however the mechanisms for this effect remain unclear. Potassium may improve measures of vascular function however this effect may be dependent on the effect of potassium on blood pressure. The effect of fruit and vegetables on endothelial function independent of confounding variables is less clear. Increased fruit and vegetable intake may improve vascular function only in high risk populations. CONCLUSION Increasing dietary potassium appears to improve vascular function but the effect of increasing fruit and vegetable intake per se on vascular function is less clear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Blanch
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - P M Clifton
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - J B Keogh
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Vaisman N, Niv E. Daily consumption of red grape cell powder in a dietary dose improves cardiovascular parameters: a double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66:342-9. [PMID: 25666417 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.1000840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of polyphenol-rich food and food ingredient such as grape and grape products improved various cardiovascular parameters. In this study, we investigate the effect of dietary daily consumption of red grape cell powder (RGC) on blood pressure (BP) and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) as well as on oxidative stress in 50 subjects with prehypertension and mild hypertension. The subjects were randomized into groups that consumed 200, 400 mg RGC or placebo daily for 12 weeks. RGC consumption was associated with an improvement of FMD (p = 0.013). There was a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation (p = 0.013) after 12 weeks in a combined RGC-treated group. The diastolic BP decreased significantly in the 200 mg RGC group compared to the placebo group (p = 0.032). Our results indicate that a daily supplementation, of red grape cell powder, for 12 weeks affects endothelial function, diastolic BP and oxidative stress without any adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nachum Vaisman
- The Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
126
|
Duffey KJ, Sutherland LA. Adult consumers of cranberry juice cocktail have lower C-reactive protein levels compared with nonconsumers. Nutr Res 2015; 35:118-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
127
|
Joseph SV, Edirisinghe I, Burton-Freeman BM. Fruit Polyphenols: A Review of Anti-inflammatory Effects in Humans. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 56:419-44. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.767221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
128
|
Johnson SA, Figueroa A, Navaei N, Wong A, Kalfon R, Ormsbee LT, Feresin RG, Elam ML, Hooshmand S, Payton ME, Arjmandi BH. Daily blueberry consumption improves blood pressure and arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women with pre- and stage 1-hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Acad Nutr Diet 2015; 115:369-377. [PMID: 25578927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postmenopausal women have a high prevalence of hypertension and often develop arterial stiffness thereby increasing cardiovascular disease risk. Although antihypertensive drug therapies exist, increasing numbers of people prefer natural therapies. In vivo studies and a limited number of clinical studies have demonstrated the antihypertensive and vascular-protective effects of blueberries. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of daily blueberry consumption for 8 weeks on blood pressure and arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women with pre- and stage 1-hypertension. DESIGN This was an 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Forty-eight postmenopausal women with pre- and stage 1-hypertension recruited from the greater Tallahassee, FL, area participated. INTERVENTION Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 22 g freeze-dried blueberry powder or 22 g control powder. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Resting brachial systolic and diastolic blood pressures were evaluated and arterial stiffness was assessed using carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. C-reactive protein, nitric oxide, and superoxide dismutase were measured at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Statistical analysis was performed using a split plot model of repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS After 8 weeks, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (131±17 mm Hg [P<0.05] and 75±9 mm Hg [P<0.01], respectively) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (1,401±122 cm/second; P<0.01) were significantly lower than baseline levels (138±14 mm Hg, 80±7 mm Hg, and 1,498±179 cm/second, respectively), with significant (P<0.05) group×time interactions in the blueberry powder group, whereas there were no changes in the group receiving the control powder. Nitric oxide levels were greater (15.35±11.16 μmol/L; P<0.01) in the blueberry powder group at 8 weeks compared with baseline values (9.11±7.95 μmol/L), whereas there were no changes in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Daily blueberry consumption may reduce blood pressure and arterial stiffness, which may be due, in part, to increased nitric oxide production.
Collapse
|
129
|
Di Lorenzo C, Sousa LPD, Pastor RF, Colombo F, Frigerio G, Restani P. Beneficial effects of non-alcoholic grape-derived products on human health: A literature review. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20150504002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
130
|
Mena P, Domínguez-Perles R, Gironés-Vilaplana A, Baenas N, García-Viguera C, Villaño D. Flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins, and inflammation. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:745-58. [PMID: 25504851 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The process of inflammation constitutes a reactive response of the organism to tissue damage and is an important factor making part of a number of degenerative pathologies as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, all of them comprised in the metabolic syndrome. There is an increasing interest in plant products rich in flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins because of their potential beneficial effects observed in epidemiological studies against inflammatory-related diseases. Their anti-inflammatory effects are exerted by modulation of cell redox status and inhibition of signaling pathways as NF-κB activation. The effects depend on their concentrations in target tissues and hence the bioavailability pathways followed by each particular compound. In this sense, in vitro studies performed with parental compounds at doses exceeding to those found in vivo may be drawing erroneous conclusions about their real efficacy. Contradictory results have been observed in human intervention trials, which may be ascribed to the type of population studied, length of study, source of flavan-3-ol/anthocyanin, and dose provided. Human studies are required to confirm the positive effects found in vitro and in animal models. Future research should be focused on the understanding of dose/flavonoid intake-response relationship with pharmacokinetic studies, evaluating proper biomarkers of intake. Long-term dietary interventions are necessary to observe effects on markers of late activation as well as the possible preventive effects of these compounds on long-term inflammation-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mena
- Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
131
|
Petersen KS, Keogh JB, Meikle PJ, Garg ML, Clifton PM. Dietary predictors of arterial stiffness in a cohort with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2014; 238:175-81. [PMID: 25528424 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the dietary predictors of central blood pressure, augmentation index and pulse wave velocity (PWV) in subjects with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. METHODS Participants were diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and had PWV and/or pulse wave analysis performed. Dietary intake was measured using the Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies Version 2 Food Frequency Questionnaire. Serum lipid species and carotenoids were measured, using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography, as biomarkers of dairy and vegetable intake, respectively. Associations were determined using linear regression adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS PWV (n = 95) was inversely associated with reduced fat dairy intake (β = -0.01; 95% CI -0.02, -0.01; p = 0 < 0.05) in particular yoghurt consumption (β = -0.04; 95% CI -0.09, -0.01; p = 0 < 0.05) after multivariate adjustment. Total vegetable consumption was negatively associated with PWV in the whole cohort after full adjustment (β = -0.04; 95% CI -0.07, -0.01; p < 0.05). Individual lipid species, particularly those containing 14:0, 15:0, 16:0, 17:0 and 17:1 fatty acids, known to be of ruminant origin, in lysophosphatidylcholine, cholesterol ester, diacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and triacylglycerol classes were positively associated with intake of full fat dairy, after adjustment for multiple comparisons. However, there was no association between serum lipid species and PWV. There were no dietary predictors of central blood pressure or augmentation index after multivariate adjustment. CONCLUSION In this cohort of subjects with diabetes reduced fat dairy intake and vegetable consumption were inversely associated with PWV. The lack of a relationship between serum lipid species and PWV suggests that the fatty acid composition of dairy may not explain the beneficial effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Petersen
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences & Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - J B Keogh
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences & Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - P J Meikle
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - M L Garg
- Nutraceuticals Research Group, 305C Medical Science Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
| | - P M Clifton
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences & Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
|
133
|
Bioavailability, bioactivity and impact on health of dietary flavonoids and related compounds: an update. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1803-53. [PMID: 25182418 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is substantial interest in the role of plant secondary metabolites as protective dietary agents. In particular, the involvement of flavonoids and related compounds has become a major topic in human nutrition research. Evidence from epidemiological and human intervention studies is emerging regarding the protective effects of various (poly)phenol-rich foods against several chronic diseases, including neurodegeneration, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, the use of HPLC-MS for the analysis of flavonoids and related compounds in foods and biological samples has significantly enhanced our understanding of (poly)phenol bioavailability. These advancements have also led to improvements in the available food composition and metabolomic databases, and consequently in the development of biomarkers of (poly)phenol intake to use in epidemiological studies. Efforts to create adequate standardised materials and well-matched controls to use in randomised controlled trials have also improved the quality of the available data. In vitro investigations using physiologically achievable concentrations of (poly)phenol metabolites and catabolites with appropriate model test systems have provided new and interesting insights on potential mechanisms of actions. This article will summarise recent findings on the bioavailability and biological activity of (poly)phenols, focusing on the epidemiological and clinical evidence of beneficial effects of flavonoids and related compounds on urinary tract infections, cognitive function and age-related cognitive decline, cancer and cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
|
134
|
Ray S, Miglio C, Eden T, Del Rio D. Assessment of vascular and endothelial dysfunction in nutritional studies. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:940-946. [PMID: 24925123 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vascular and endothelial dysfunction (VED) is emerging as a potential set of early markers of cardiovascular disease risk and tests for its measurement have been widely used in clinical research. The aim of this viewpoint is to describe and discuss the current usage of these measures in well-designed nutritional trials, using the potential relationship between fruit juice intake and VED as example. A search was conducted using the NHS evidence portal including studies published in English between January 1980 and October 2013. Only 10 suitable studies were selected, which investigated the effect of fruit juice intake on VED, among which 4 interventions used flow-mediated dilatation, 2 arterial stiffness, 2 a combination of arterial stiffness and flow-mediated dilatation, 2 carotid intimal media thickness and 1 iontophoresis with laser Doppler. Despite minimal effects reported on classical CVD markers, such as lipids, 8 out of the 10 identified studies reported an effect on endothelial function following juice consumption, indicating that VED tests can be effectively used in human dietary interventions to identify relationships between bioactive compounds from fruit and CVD risk. However, paucity of available data, scarcity of compound bioavailability and metabolism information, strong heterogeneity among experimental methodologies and a number of limitations to study designs, still limit the interpretation of the results obtained through these measures. Future, well-designed studies with greater attention to consider use of VED measures are needed to strengthen the utility of VED tests in nutrition research such as those investigating the impact of polyphenol-rich juices and CVD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ray
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Nutrition Research (HNR), Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - C Miglio
- The Need for Nutrition Education/Innovation Programme (NNEdPro), c/o MRC HNR, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - T Eden
- The Need for Nutrition Education/Innovation Programme (NNEdPro), c/o MRC HNR, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - D Del Rio
- LS9 Bioactives and Health, Interlab Group, Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Anthocyanins from fruit juices improve the antioxidant status of healthy young female volunteers without affecting anti-inflammatory parameters: results from the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over ANTHONIA (ANTHOcyanins in Nutrition Investigation Alliance) study. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:925-36. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACN) can exert beneficial health effects not only through their antioxidative potential but also through modulation of inflammatory parameters that play a major role in CVD. A randomised cross-over study was carried out to investigate the effects of ACN-rich beverage ingestion on oxidation- and inflammation-related parameters in thirty healthy female volunteers. The participants consumed 330 ml of beverages (placebo, juice and smoothie with 8·9 (sd 0·3), 983·7 (sd 37) and 840·9 (sd 10) mg/l ACN, respectively) over 14 d. Before and after each intervention, blood and 24 h urine samples were collected. Plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities increased significantly after ACN-rich beverage ingestion (P< 0·001), whereas after placebo juice ingestion no increase could be observed. Plasma glutathione peroxidase and erythrocyte SOD activities were not affected. An increase in Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity could also be observed after juice (P< 0·001) and smoothie (P< 0·01) ingestion. The plasma and urinary concentrations of malondialdehyde decreased after ACN-rich beverage ingestion (P< 0·001), whereas those of 8-OH-2-deoxyguanosine as well as inflammation-related parameters (IL-2, -6, -8 and -10, C-reactive peptide, soluble cluster of differentiation 40 ligand, TNF-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and soluble cell adhesion molecules) were not affected. Thus, ingestion of ACN-rich beverages improves antioxidant enzyme activities and plasma antioxidant capacity, thus protecting the body against oxidative stress, a hallmark of ongoing atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
136
|
Lilamand M, Kelaiditi E, Guyonnet S, Antonelli Incalzi R, Raynaud-Simon A, Vellas B, Cesari M. Flavonoids and arterial stiffness: promising perspectives. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:698-704. [PMID: 24656854 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Flavonoids are a group of polyphenol compounds, ubiquitously found in plants. Great emphasis has been given to their possible benefits for cardiovascular health. These beneficial effects may be mediated by a specific action on arterial walls. Arterial stiffness is a marker of vascular aging, increasingly used in the clinical setting and assessed by pulse wave velocity. It has shown to be a robust predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality. This review aims at providing a comprehensive evaluation of available intervention and observational studies examining the relationship between flavonoid consumption and arterial stiffness. DATA SYNTHESIS A Medline(®) literature search was performed using the keywords "arterial stiffness" and "flavonoids". As a result, 2 cross-sectional and 16 intervention studies assessing the relationship between flavonoids intake and arterial stiffness were retained. Four intervention trials reported a significant decrease of arterial stiffness after a flavonoid-based intervention, independently from blood pressure changes. The two observational studies reported significant associations between a higher flavonoid consumption and a lower arterial stiffness. In this review, isoflavones, anthocyanins and to a lesser extent cocoa flavan-3-ols appeared to be the more efficient to improve vascular function. CONCLUSIONS Despite their heterogeneity, preliminary data seem to support an improvement of the arterial stiffness related to flavonoid intake. However, further research on absorption and dose-response effects of the specific flavonoid subclasses on arterial structure is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lilamand
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France; Service de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat, Paris, France.
| | - E Kelaiditi
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France
| | - S Guyonnet
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France; INSERM UMR 1027, Toulouse, France
| | | | - A Raynaud-Simon
- Service de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat, Paris, France
| | - B Vellas
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France; INSERM UMR 1027, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - M Cesari
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France; INSERM UMR 1027, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Khan F, Ray S, Craigie AM, Kennedy G, Hill A, Barton KL, Broughton J, Belch JJF. Lowering of oxidative stress improves endothelial function in healthy subjects with habitually low intake of fruit and vegetables: a randomized controlled trial of antioxidant- and polyphenol-rich blackcurrant juice. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 72:232-7. [PMID: 24742818 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate intake of the recommended five-a-day fruit and vegetable portions might contribute to increased cardiovascular disease risk. We assessed the effects of dietary intake of a blackcurrant juice drink, rich in vitamin C and polyphenols, on oxidative stress and vascular function. This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study of 66 healthy adults who habitually consume <2 portions of fruit and vegetables per day. Participants were randomly allocated to consume 250ml of placebo (flavored water) or low or high blackcurrant juice drink four times a day for 6 weeks. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and plasma concentrations of F2-isoprostanes and vitamin C were measured. In the high blackcurrant juice drink group FMD increased significantly (5.8±3.1 to 6.9±3.1%, P=0.022) compared with the placebo group (6.0±2.2 to 5.1±2.4%). Plasma vitamin C concentration increased significantly in the low (38.6±17.6 to 49.4±21.0µmol/L, P<0.001) and high (34.6±20.4 to 73.8±23.3µmol/L, P<0.001) blackcurrant juice drink groups compared with the placebo group (38.1±21.0 to 29.0±17.6µmol/L). F2-isoprostane concentrations were significantly lower in the high blackcurrant juice drink group (225±64pg/ml) compared with the low blackcurrant juice drink (257±69pg/ml, P=0.002) and placebo group (254±59pg/ml, P=0.003). At follow-up, changes in plasma vitamin C correlated significantly with changes in FMD (r=0.308, P=0.044). Consumption of blackcurrant juice drink high in vitamin C and polyphenols can decrease oxidative stress and improve vascular health in individuals with habitually low dietary fruit and vegetable intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisel Khan
- Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases Research Unit and, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Sumantra Ray
- Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases Research Unit and, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Angela M Craigie
- Centre for Public Health Nutrition Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Gwen Kennedy
- Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases Research Unit and, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Alexander Hill
- Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases Research Unit and, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Karen L Barton
- Centre for Public Health Nutrition Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | | | - Jill J F Belch
- Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases Research Unit and, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Speciale A, Cimino F, Saija A, Canali R, Virgili F. Bioavailability and molecular activities of anthocyanins as modulators of endothelial function. GENES & NUTRITION 2014; 9:404. [PMID: 24838260 PMCID: PMC4169059 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins (AC) are water-soluble natural pigments found in various parts of higher plants. Despite their limited oral bioavailability and very low post-absorption plasma concentrations, the dietary consumption of these pigments has been proposed to be associated with a significant protection against several human pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases. Many studies highlighted that some health benefits of AC localize in particular at endothelium level, contributing to vascular homeostasis and also to the control of angiogenesis, inflammation, and platelet aggregation. This review reports and comments on the large existing literature addressing the molecular mechanisms that, beyond the antioxidant properties, may have a significant role in the effects of AC and AC-rich foods on vessel endothelium. Among these, AC have been reported to prevent peroxynitrite-mediated endothelial dysfunction in endothelial cells (ECs), thanks to their capability to modulate the expression and activity of several enzymes involved in NO metabolism. Furthermore, evidence indicates that AC can prevent the expression of adhesion molecules and the adhesion of monocytes to ECs challenged by pro-inflammatory agents. Overall, the activity of AC could be associated with the ability to elicit cell adaptive responses involving the transcription factor Nrf2 by affecting the "nucleophilic tone" of the organism. This review confirms the importance of specific nutritional molecules for human health and suggests new avenues for nutrition-based interventions to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in the population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Speciale
- />Department Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- />Department Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- />Department Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Raffaella Canali
- />Agricultural Research Council - Food and Nutrition Research Centre (C.R.A.- NUT), Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Virgili
- />Agricultural Research Council - Food and Nutrition Research Centre (C.R.A.- NUT), Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Lynn A, Mathew S, Moore CT, Russell J, Robinson E, Soumpasi V, Barker ME. Effect of a tart cherry juice supplement on arterial stiffness and inflammation in healthy adults: a randomised controlled trial. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 69:122-127. [PMID: 24570273 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-014-0409-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tart cherries are a particularly rich source of anthocyanins. Evidence indicates that dietary intake of anthocyanins is inversely associated with arterial stiffness. We conducted an open-label randomised placebo controlled study to determine whether a tart cherry juice concentrate (Cherry Active) reduced arterial stiffness, inflammation and risk markers for cardiovascular disease in 47 healthy adults (30-50 years). Participants consumed 30 ml of cherry concentrate diluted to a volume of 250 ml with water or the same volume of an energy matched control drink daily for six weeks. Measurements were taken at baseline and at the end of the intervention. There was no effect of the intervention on arterial stiffness (P = 0.218), c-reactive protein (P = 0.220), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.163), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.121), total cholesterol (P = 0.342) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.127). At the end of the intervention, plasma antioxidant capacity (measured as the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP)) was significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group (P = 0.012). We conclude that a tart cherry juice concentrate rich in anthocyanins has no effect on arterial stiffness, c-reactive protein and risk markers for cardiovascular disease, but evokes a minor increase in antioxidant status in healthy adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Lynn
- Food and Nutrition Group, Sheffield Business School, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
140
|
|
141
|
Joseph SV, Edirisinghe I, Burton-Freeman BM. Berries: anti-inflammatory effects in humans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3886-903. [PMID: 24512603 DOI: 10.1021/jf4044056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A sustained pro-inflammatory state is a major contributing factor in chronic disease development, progression, and complication, including the most commonly known diseases: cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's, and type 2 diabetes. Fruits, such as berries, contain polyphenol compounds purported to have anti-inflammatory activity in humans. Among the most notable polyphenols in berries are anthocyanins, responsible for their distinctive colors of red, blue, and purple. Berries have been studied widely for their antioxidant properties; however, preclinical data suggest important effects on inflammatory pathways. Correspondingly, the effects of berries, including extracts and purified anthocyanins, have been the subject of a number of human trials. This review aims to evaluate the current state of the human science on berry (products) as a source of dietary polyphenols, particularly anthocyanins, to modulate inflammatory status. Identifying dietary strategies that manage the modern-day inflammatory burden has important implications for chronic disease risk reduction and informing dietary guidelines aimed at achieving and maintaining health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shama V Joseph
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology , Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
142
|
Rodriguez-Mateos A, Heiss C, Borges G, Crozier A. Berry (poly)phenols and cardiovascular health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3842-3851. [PMID: 24059851 DOI: 10.1021/jf403757g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Berries are a rich source of (poly)phenols, including anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, procyanidins, flavonols, ellagitannins, and hydroxycinnamates. Epidemiological evidence indicates that the cardiovascular health benefits of diets rich in berries are related to their (poly)phenol content. These findings are supported by small-scale randomized controlled studies (RCTs) that have shown improvements in several surrogate markers of cardiovascular risk such as blood pressure, endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and blood lipids after acute and short-term consumption of blueberries, strawberries, cranberries, or purified anthocyanin extracts in healthy or diseased individuals. However, firm conclusions regarding the preventive value of berry (poly)phenols cannot be drawn due to the small number of existing studies and limitations that apply to the available data, such as lack of controls or failure to assess the absorption and metabolism of (poly)phenols. Although the current evidence is promising, more long-term RCTs are needed to establish the role of berry (poly)phenols to support cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf , 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
143
|
Fang J. Some anthocyanins could be efficiently absorbed across the gastrointestinal mucosa: extensive presystemic metabolism reduces apparent bioavailability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3904-3911. [PMID: 24650097 DOI: 10.1021/jf405356b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the accumulating evidence supporting the health effects of anthocyanins, their plasma concentrations were found to be very low. However, 30 and 56% of cyanidin 3-glucoside (Cy-3-glc) and pelargonidin 3-glucoside (Pg-3-glc) were found as protocatechuic acid (PCA) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, respectively, in plasma following oral administration in humans. Second, 12.4% of (13)C was recovered from urine and breath following oral ingestion of [(13)C]-Cy-3-glc in humans. The actual percentage of [(13)C]-Cy-3-glc absorbed across the gastrointestinal wall could be higher because of the involvement of enterohepatic recycling in the disposition of anthocyanins. In animal studies, high total urinary recoveries were found following oral ingestion of (14)C-labeled anthocyanins. Third, anthocyanins seem to be efficiently absorbed following in situ gastric and intestinal perfusions in rats. Therefore, some anthocyanins could be efficiently absorbed from the gastrointestinal lumen, undergo extensive first-pass metabolism, and enter the systemic circulation as metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jim Fang
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Kruger MJ, Davies N, Myburgh KH, Lecour S. Proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins and cardiovascular diseases. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
145
|
Wang B, Liu K, Mi M, Wang J. Effect of fruit juice on glucose control and insulin sensitivity in adults: a meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95323. [PMID: 24743260 PMCID: PMC3990696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus has become a worldwide health problem. Whether fruit juice is beneficial in glycemic control is still inconclusive. This study aimed to synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials on fruit juice in relationship to glucose control and insulin sensitivity. METHODS A strategic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (updated to March, 2014) was performed to retrieve the randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of fruit juice on glucose control and insulin sensitivity. Study quality was assessed using the Jadad scale. Weighted mean differences were calculated for net changes in the levels of fasting glucose, fasting insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) using fixed- or random-effects model. Prespecified subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the potential heterogeneity. RESULTS Twelve trials comprising a total of 412 subjects were included in the current meta-analysis. The numbers of these studies that reported the data on fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c and HOMA-IR were 12, 5, 3 and 3, respectively. Fruit juice consumption did not show a significant effect on fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. The net change was 0.79 mg/dL (95% CI: -1.44, 3.02 mg/dL; P = 0.49) for fasting glucose concentrations and -0.74 µIU/ml (95% CI: -2.62, 1.14 µIU/ml; P = 0.44) for fasting insulin concentrations in the fixed-effects model. Subgroup analyses further suggested that the effect of fruit juice on fasting glucose concentrations was not influenced by population region, baseline glucose concentration, duration, type of fruit juice, glycemic index of fruit juice, fruit juice nutrient constitution, total polyphenols dose and Jadad score. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis showed that fruit juice may have no overall effect on fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. More RCTs are warranted to further clarify the association between fruit juice and glycemic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Mantian Mi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Effect of fresh orange juice intake on physiological characteristics in healthy volunteers. ISRN NUTRITION 2014; 2014:405867. [PMID: 24967267 PMCID: PMC4045306 DOI: 10.1155/2014/405867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background. Impaired endothelial function is a predictor of cardiovascular events. Orange juice (OJ) is rich in dietary flavonoids and could inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. We examined the effects of commercial (COJ) and fresh orange juice (FOJ) on endothelial function and physiological characteristics in healthy humans. Materials and Methods. Twenty-two healthy volunteers years were enrolled in a single blind randomized crossover controlled trial. The two groups consumed either COJ for the first 4 weeks and then FOJ (CFOJ, 4 weeks), or FOJ for the first 4 weeks and then COJ (FCOJ, 4 weeks). We assessed endothelial function by measuring flow-mediated dilation, serum concentrations of lipids, apolipoproteins A and B (apo A-1 and apo B), and inflammatory markers such as vascular endothelial adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and interleukin-6. Results. Consumption of both juices decreased VCAM, hs-CRP, and E-selectin but increased apo A-1. A decline in LDL occurred in the FOJ group. There were no differences between the characteristics of two groups, with the exception of apo A-1 levels that were increased with both forms of OJ. The largest variations occurred with hs-CRP, VCAM in both groups. Conclusion. Consumption of COJ and FOJ produced beneficial effects on the physiological characteristics of healthy volunteers. Although these results could encourage the consumption of OJ, intervention studies are needed to determine the long-term effects of these types of OJ on metabolic and cardiovascular endpoints.
Collapse
|
147
|
Macready AL, George TW, Chong MF, Alimbetov DS, Jin Y, Vidal A, Spencer JPE, Kennedy OB, Tuohy KM, Minihane AM, Gordon MH, Lovegrove JA. Flavonoid-rich fruit and vegetables improve microvascular reactivity and inflammatory status in men at risk of cardiovascular disease--FLAVURS: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99:479-89. [PMID: 24452238 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.074237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observed associations between increased fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption, particularly those F&Vs that are rich in flavonoids, and vascular health improvements require confirmation in adequately powered randomized controlled trials. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to measure the dose-response relation between high-flavonoid (HF), low-flavonoid (LF), and habitual F&V intakes and vascular function and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk indicators. DESIGN A single-blind, dose-dependent, parallel randomized controlled dietary intervention study was conducted. Male and female low-F&V consumers who had a ≥ 1.5-fold increased risk of CVD (n = 174) were randomly assigned to receive an HF F&V, an LF F&V, or a habitual diet, with HF and LF F&V amounts sequentially increasing by 2, 4, and 6 (+2, +4, and +6) portions/d every 6 wk over habitual intakes. Microvascular reactivity (laser Doppler imaging with iontophoresis), arterial stiffness [pulse wave velocity, pulse wave analysis (PWA)], 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, and biomarkers of nitric oxide (NO), vascular function, and inflammation were determined at baseline and at 6, 12, and 18 wk. RESULTS In men, the HF F&V diet increased endothelium-dependent microvascular reactivity (P = 0.017) with +2 portions/d (at 6 wk) and reduced C-reactive protein (P = 0.001), E-selectin (P = 0.0005), and vascular cell adhesion molecule (P = 0.0468) with +4 portions/d (at 12 wk). HF F&Vs increased plasma NO (P = 0.0243) with +4 portions/d (at 12 wk) in the group as a whole. An increase in F&Vs, regardless of flavonoid content in the groups as a whole, mitigated increases in vascular stiffness measured by PWA (P = 0.0065) and reductions in NO (P = 0.0299) in the control group. CONCLUSION These data support recommendations to increase F&V intake to ≥ 6 portions daily, with additional benefit from F&Vs that are rich in flavonoids, particularly in men with an increased risk of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Macready
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition (ALM, TWG, MFC, DSA, YJ, AV, JPES, OBK, KMT, A-MM, MHG, and JAL), and the Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences (ALM and JAL), University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
148
|
Sacre JW, Jennings GLR, Kingwell BA. Exercise and dietary influences on arterial stiffness in cardiometabolic disease. Hypertension 2014; 63:888-93. [PMID: 24516111 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.02277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian W Sacre
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, St Kilda Rd Central, Melbourne, Victoria 8008, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
149
|
Wang HJ, Pao LH, Hsiong CH, Shih TY, Lee MS, Hu OYP. Dietary flavonoids modulate CYP2C to improve drug oral bioavailability and their qualitative/quantitative structure-activity relationship. AAPS JOURNAL 2014; 16:258-68. [PMID: 24431079 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-013-9549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to improve the drug oral bioavailability by co-administration with flavonoid inhibitors of the CYP2C isozyme and to establish qualitative and quantitative (QSAR) structure-activity relationships (SAR) between flavonoids and CYP2C. A total of 40 naturally occurring flavonoids were screened in vitro for CYP2C inhibition. Enzyme activity was determined by measuring conversion of tolbutamide to 4-hydroxytolbutamide by rat liver microsomes. The percent inhibition and IC50 of each flavonoid were calculated and used to develop SAR and QSAR. The most effective flavonoid was orally co-administered in vivo with a cholesterol-reducing drug, fluvastatin, which is normally metabolized by CYP2C. The most potent CYP2C inhibitor identified in vitro was tamarixetin (IC50 = 1.4 μM). This flavonoid enhanced the oral bioavailability of fluvastatin in vivo, producing a >2-fold increase in the area under the concentration-time curve and in the peak plasma concentration. SAR analysis indicated that the presence of a 2,3-double bond in the C ring, hydroxylation at positions 5, 6, and 7, and glycosylation had important effects on flavonoid-CYP2C interactions. These findings should prove useful for predicting the inhibition of CYP2C activity by other untested flavonoid-like compounds. In the present study, tamarixetin significantly inhibited CYP2C activity in vitro and in vivo. Thus, the use of tamarixetin could improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs with low bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jaan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
150
|
Siasos G, Tousoulis D, Kokkou E, Oikonomou E, Kollia ME, Verveniotis A, Gouliopoulos N, Zisimos K, Plastiras A, Maniatis K, Stefanadis C. Favorable effects of concord grape juice on endothelial function and arterial stiffness in healthy smokers. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:38-45. [PMID: 24061071 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpt176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is associated with impaired vascular function. Concord grape juice (CGJ), a rich source of flavonoids, can modify cardiovascular risk factors. Endothelial function and arterial stiffness are surrogate markers of arterial health. We examined the impact of CGJ on arterial wall properties in healthy smokers. METHODS We studied the effect of a 2-week oral treatment with CGJ in 26 healthy smokers on 3 occasions (day 0 (baseline), day 7, and day 14) in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study. Measurements were taken before (pSm), immediately after (Sm0), and 20 minutes after (Sm20) cigarette smoking. Endothelial function was evaluated by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured as an index of aortic stiffness. RESULTS Compared with placebo, treatment with CGJ resulted in a significant improvement in pSm values of FMD (P = 0.02) and PWV (P = 0.04). At baseline, smoking decreased FMD in both the CGJ group (P < 0.001) and the placebo group (P < 0.001). Compared with placebo, CGJ treatment prevented the acute smoking-induced decrease in FMD on day 7 (P = 0.02) and day 14 (P < 0.001). Moreover, at baseline, smoking induced a significant elevation in PWV in both the CGJ group (P = 0.02) and the placebo group (P = 0.04). Treatment with CGJ prevented the smoking-induced elevation in PWV on day 7 (P = 0.003) and day 14 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CGJ consumption improved endothelial function and vascular elastic properties of the arterial tree in healthy smokers and attenuated acute smoking-induced impairment of arterial wall properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Siasos
- First Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- First Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Kokkou
- First Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- First Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleni Kollia
- First Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Aleksis Verveniotis
- First Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Gouliopoulos
- First Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Zisimos
- First Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Aris Plastiras
- First Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Maniatis
- First Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christodoulos Stefanadis
- First Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|